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  • Science Press
  • 2015-2019  (4)
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  • 1
    Call number: AWI Bio-17-90819
    Description / Table of Contents: The authors completed collecting and arranging plates of photomicrographs for common pollen and spores in Quaternary strata. Given China's vast territory, complex vegetation types, a variety of plants, and polen grains with similar morphology probably produced by different plant species in different regions. We have organized this book's photomicrographs of pollen grains and spores in the division of China into five regions, i.e. northwest,northern, southeast, south and southwest China. Photomicrographs of pollen grains and spores in each region are arranged by plant classification system i.e. in order of algae, bryophyte, pteridophyte, gymnosperm, and angiosperm. All 409 plates of color photomicrographs for pollen grains and spores are finally illustrated and described.
    Description / Table of Contents: 本书整理编排了我国第四纪地层常见的孢粉类型显微照相图版,按照西北、北方、东南、华南和西南五个大区编排,并对这些区域的现代植被、第四纪植被史做了简要概述,还重点叙述了各地区第四纪主要孢粉类型、特点以及常见孢粉种类的鉴定形态特征。共分三章,第一章为我国各地区现代植被和第四纪植被概述,重点叙述了古植被与古气候的演变历史;第二章介绍本图鉴中所列出的各地区主要第四纪孢粉类型及其特点,并对不同地区常见孢粉种类
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 620 Seiten , zahlreiche Illustrationen
    ISBN: 9787030505682
    Language: Chinese , Latin
    Note: Contents: Preface. - Chapter 1: Overview of modern and Quaternary vegetation in China. - 1.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.1.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.1.1.1 Gobi desert and desert vegetation in eastern Xinjiang. - 1.1.1.2 Extremely arid desert and shrubland vegetation in the Qaidam Basin. - 1.1.1.3 Arid desert shrub and semi-shrub vegetation in the Hexi Corridor. - 1.1.1.4 Sylvosteppe or pine-oak forest in the transitional region between semi-humid and semi-arid monsoonal climate of temperate zone in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.1.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Qinghai. - 1.1.2.2 Holocene vegetation succession of steppe/meadow in north Xizang (Tibet). - 1.1.2.3 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the Loess Plateau. - 1.1.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Xinjiang. - 1.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - 1.2.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.2.1.1 Coniferous and broadleaved forest and meadow of temperate zone in Northeast China. - 1.2.1.2 Oak forest of river valley, Chinese pine forest, and shrub steppe in the lower valley of Liaohe River, North China plain, southern Shanxi, and central Shaanxi plain. - 1.2.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.2.2.1 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in North China. - 1.2.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the early Pleistocene in Northeast China. - 1.3 Southeast region / Shu Junwu and Tang Lingyu. - 1.3.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.3.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.3.2.1 Vegetation succession since the mid-Pleistocene in Hubei. - 1.3.2.2 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the lower valley of the Yangtze River. - 1.3 .2.3 Forest succession since the last glaciation in southeast coast of Fujian. - 1.3.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in the central Taiwan. - 1.4 South region / Mao Limi, Tang Lingyu and Shen Cairning. - 1.4.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.4.1.1 Vegetation in the southern zone of middle subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.2 Vegetation in the zone of south subtropical evergreen broadleaved forest. - 1.4.1.3 Tropical semi-evergreen monsoonal forest and tropical monsoonal forest. - 1.4.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.4.2.1 Vegetation in the Zhujiang delta and Chaozhou plain since the Pleistocene recorded by pollen and spores. - 1.4.2.2 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Leizhou Peninsula and Holocene vegetation and climate in Hainan Island. - 1.4.2.3 Late Quaternary pollen and spores, vegetation and climate records in the South. - 1.4.2.4 Vegetation and climate since the late Pleistocene in Hong Kong. - 1.5 Southwest region / Shu Junwu, Tang Lingyu and Shen Caiming. - 1.5.1 Overview of modern vegetation. - 1.5.1.1 Vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forest in the Yunnan , Guizhou and western Sichuan Plateau. - 1.5.1.2 Vegetation of coniferous forest in southeast Xizang. - 1.5.2 Overview of Quaternary vegetation. - 1.5.2.1 Holocene vegetation in northwest Yunnan. - 1.5.2.2 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in western and south-central Yunnan. - 1.5.2.3 Holocene vegetation in western Sichuan. - 1.5.2.4 Vegetation and environment since the late Pleistocene in Guizhou. - 1.5.2.5 Vegetation and monsoonal climate history since the late Pleistocene in southeastern Xizang. - Chapter 2 Main types of Quaternary pollen and spores and their characteristics in different regions of China. - 2.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - 2.1.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northwest China. - 2.1.2.1 Identifiable features of main Compositae pollen types. - 2.1.2.2 Identifiable features of Artemisia, Tamarix, and Zygophyllum pollen. - 2.1.2.3 Identifiable features of Rhamnus, Hippophae, and Elaeagnus pollen. - 2.1.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.1.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northwest China. - 2.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu. - 2.2.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Northern China. - 2.2.2.1 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several saccate genera of Pinaceae. - 2.2.2.2 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for genera of Betulaceae. - 2.2.2.3 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Salix and Cruciferae. - 2.2.2.4 Identifiable features of tricolpate pollen from Ranunculaceae and Labiatae. - 2.2.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary spores and pollen in Northern China. - 2.2.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.2.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Northern China. - 2.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.3.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2 Identifiable features of major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.2.1 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.3 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of Fagaceae. - 2.3.2.4 Identifiable features of pollen morphology for several genera of tropical and subtropical. - 2.3.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.3.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen types in Southeast China. - 2.4 South region / Mao Limi and Tang Lingyu. - 2.4.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2 Identifiable features of main Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.2.1 Modern distribution and paleophytogeography of Sonneratia and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.2.2 Modern distribution and paleoecology significance of Rhizophoraceae and its identifiable features of pollen morphology. - 2.4.3 Photomicrographs and descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.1 Photomicrographs for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.4.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in South China. - 2.5 Southwest region / Tang Lingyu and Shu Junwu. - 2.5.1 Types of Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2 Identifiable feature of main Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.1 Plant distribution and pollen features of Pinaceae in Southwest China. - 2.5.2.2 Identification keys of pollen morphology for Pinaceae. - 2.5.3 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.1 Photomicrographs for common pollen in Southwest China. - 2.5.3.2 Descriptions of morphological features for major Quaternary pollen and spores in Southwest China. - Chapter 3 Plates and descriptions of Quaternary pollen and spores in different region of China. - 3.1 Northwest region / Tang Lingyu and Mao Limi. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 1-3. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 3-10. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 11-63. - 3.2 Northern region / Tang Lingyu and Li Chunhai. - Spores of the algae Plates 1-3. - Spores of the bryophyte Plate 4. - Spores of the pteridophyte Plates 5-9. - Gymnosperm pollen Plates 9-24. - Angiosperm pollen Plates 25-63. - 3.3 Southeast region / Tang Lingyu, Zhou Zhongze and
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  • 2
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    Science Press
    In:  Chinese Journal of Geophysics - Chinese Edition, 59 (11). pp. 4349-4359.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: The marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) method has proven to be an important addition to seismic imaging techniques in exploration of offshore hydrocarbon reservoirs and near-surface investigations. In inversion and interpretation of industrial CSEM data sets, this method can be used in a number of situations by assuming isotropy. However, the presence of electric anisotropy in the Earth's crust, due to thin layer interbedding or grain alignments in the sediments, can significantly alter the response measured by the EM receivers. Ignoring anisotropy in interpreting marine CSEM data may lead to distorted images of seabed conductivity structures, even misinterpretation.#br#In this paper, we present an inversion method for frequency domain marine controlled-source electromagnetic data generated by a titled dipole source in vertically anisotropic stratified media. This approach is based on the Gauss-Newton scheme. We extend and generalize the formulation of marine CSEM fields to calculation of the electromagnetic fields excited by arbitrarily oriented dipole sources. The partial derivatives of the electromagnetic fields with respect to both the horizontal and vertical resistivity are analytically calculated. Based on the relationship between the horizontal resistivity (ρh) and the vertical resistivity (ρv) of the inversion model, an adaptive selection method for regularization factors is proposed to balance the effects of the data misfit and the structural constraint.#br#The synthetic and real data inversion tests indicate that our inversion method can reconstruct the anisotropic resistivity of the overburden layer and the basement, and the burial depth, the thickness and the vertical resistivity of the reservoir layer can be well recovered. A better reconstruction can be obtained with multiple frequency and multiple component data sets. Combing inline and broadside geometry data sets can provide high resolution in reconstructing the burial depth of the reservoir layer and resistivity of the anisotropic basement.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    Science Press
    In:  Chinese Journal of Geophysics - Chinese Edition, 59 (12). pp. 4747-4758.
    Publication Date: 2020-07-27
    Description: We present a 3D forward modeling algorithm of marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) fields using finite element method based on unstructured meshes. As the unstructured mesh is incorporated, the algorithm can easily accommodate complex structures, such as dipping interfaces and rough topography. Secondary coupled-potential formulation of Maxwell's equations allows to avoid the singularities introduced by the sources. The primary electromagnetic fields excited by electric dipole source in layered isotropic media are derived from the semi-analytical formulas based on Schelkunoff potentials. To improve the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm, we propose an effective local mesh refinement strategy, where the elements near the receiver locations and in the abnormal areas are refined using the volume constraints. We validate the finite element code against a 1D and 2D reservoir model and study the performance of the local mesh refinement strategy. The Canonical disc model illustrates the utility of the finite element method for 3D CSEM modeling. The bathymetry model study shows that the seafloor topography gives an important response which needs to be reproduced by numerical modeling to avoid the misinterpretation of measurements.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Science Press
    In:  Chinese Journal of Geophysics - Chinese Edition, 60 (12). pp. 4887-4900.
    Publication Date: 2020-02-06
    Description: In the marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) survey, the receivers are usually placed at the seafloor. The resistivity contrast between the seawater and seafloor sediments is large, which can cause difficulties in numerical modeling of CSEM fields at receiver locations. In this paper, we present an improved interpolating method for calculating electric and magnetic fields at the seafloor with a resistivity contrast. This method is applied to the 2. 5 dimensional (2. 5D) frequency-domain CSEM modeling with towed transmitters and receivers located at the seafloor. Considering the discontinuity of the normal electric fields, we use the normal current electric density for interpolation. We simulate the 2. 5D marine CSEM responses by the staggered finite-difference (SFD) method with Fourier transform to the strike direction. The final SFD equations are solved by the direct solver MUMPS (MUltifrontal Massively Parallel Sparse direct Solver). To avoid the source singularities, the secondary-field approach is used and the primary fields excited by the electric dipole source can be calculated quasi-analytically for the one-dimensional (1D) layered background model. We focus on interpolating of electric and magnetic fields in the wavenumber domain to the receiver locations at the seafloor interface between the conductive seawater and resistive seafloor formation. The secondary electric and magnetic fields are used for interpolation instead of the total fields for high numerical accuracy. After performing the inverse Fourier transform to the wavenumbers, the electric and magnetic fields in the space domain are obtained. To check the accuracy of our 2. 5D marine CSEM SFD modeling algorithm with the improved receiver interpolating technique, we compare our results with both the 1D analytical results and the adaptive finite element results. The SFD numerical results are approved to be accurate. We also compare the numerical accuracy between our improved interpolation scheme and others, i.e., the conventional linear interpolation and the rigorous interpolation. The proposed interpolation only utilizes the nodes below/above the seafloor interface, and is proved to be much more accurate than the other two interpolating methods used.
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