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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉〈span〉This study delves into the management of electronic waste (e-waste) stemming from the disposal of personal electronic items and mobile phones, primarily in response to the remarkable surge in the utilization of these devices within the Hassan city populace in recent years. The principal objectives revolved around investigating the existing disposal methods for electronic devices including mobile phones and collecting fundamental data concerning their disposal practices within the geographical confines of Hassan city of Karnataka State. Additionally, an endeavor was undertaken to gauge the level of awareness among respondents regarding the potential hazards posed by e-waste. It was observed that a significant proportion of the Hassan population typically retains especially electronic devices is cell phones, once these devices become outdated and obsolete. Among the prevalent disposal methods, the most widespread approach involves selling these gadgets to scrap dealers or junk shops, whereas recycling practices remain relatively underutilized. Notably, a mere minority of individuals engage in recycling activities. An intriguing revelation emerged, with 65% of respondents expressing concern about the adverse repercussions of improper e-waste disposal on human health and the environment. Astonishingly, all respondents admitted to having no knowledge of the fate of their discarded electronic devices. Based on the findings gleaned from this survey, it is strongly recommended that a comprehensive review be conducted on the overarching management of e-waste stemming from this electronic waste including mobile phones, gadgets in the Hassan city of Karnataka State. The purpose of these surveys and data collection endeavors is to approximate the volume of e-waste generated through the disposal of these devices. This information is envisioned to assist stakeholders and government agencies in formulating effective and efficient legislation and policies for the proficient management of e-waste〈/span〉〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉Indian Railroads is one of the largest railroad systems in the World. The Indian railway system has grown significantly over the years, as seen by the massive construction of its railroads; nonetheless, some accidents are caused by fractures in the railway track. Splits may occur because of the track's expansion or contraction brought on by seasonal variations. This study proposes a crack monitoring vehicle that employs an ultrasonic sensor to detect fractures on railway tracks and uses an Arduino Uno to facilitate the GSM and GPS module to send an SMS to the testing station, thereby mitigating the problems caused by these cracks. This intelligent system works like a remote monitoring system which gives an alert to stop the passage of trains in that path. The proposed model involves the use of Arduino, ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, GSM module, and GPS module.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: The applicability of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) level 1B range-rate data for detecting gravity changes under the influence of strong earthquakes (M6.0-6.9) has been investigated. The most common product of the GRACE mission is the level 2, science data, as the spherical harmonic Stokes’ coefficients of the geopotential. These coefficients have been generated from Level 1B data which has resulted in missing some information during the smoothing process. In this study, the GRACE level 1B K-band range-rate measurements over three selected cells in Iran were analyzed, including two cells containing the epicenters of the Boroujerd earthquake (6.1 Mw) and the Zarand earthquake (6.4 Mw), which occurred on March 31, 2006, and February 22, 2005, respectively, and one cell far enough from those two cells. Additionally, the range-rate time series attributed to Iran's main catchments containing the above-mentioned zones have been extracted to distinguish between the effects of earthquakes and hydrology on the range-rate time series. Besides, the impact of factors other than earthquakes such as tide and non-gravitational accelerations acting on the GRACE satellites has been corrected. To better explore the extracted signals, their details have been derived using the wavelet transforms and the corresponding anomalies have been detected using the boxplot method. The considerable anomalies that have been observed in areas within or close to the earthquakes' epicenters before and after the earthquakes indicate that the GRACE and GRACE Follow-On range-rate time series can be considered as one of the potential precursors of a strong earthquake.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: سپیدایی از فراسنجﻫﺎی کلیدی در ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت آب و ﻫﻮاﻳﻲ ﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﺪ. بررسی آب و هواشناسی سپیدایی می‌تواند ابزاری برای شناخت تغییرات محیطی باشد. ﺳﻨﺠﻨﺪه مودیس سپیدایی سطح زﻣﻴﻦ را ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ در ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻲ و ﺑﺎ ﻗﺪرت ﺗﻔﻜﻴﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲ مناسب ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ و در دسترس پژوهشگران ﻗﺮار می‌دهد. در این پژوهش جهتِ واکاوی آب و هواشناسی سپیدایی ایران‌، نخست داده‌های فراورده MCD43A4 سنجنده مودیس در محدوده ایران در بازه زمانی 1/1/2001 تا 30/12/2021 با تفکیک مکانی 500 متری و تفکیک زمانی روزانه از وبگاه ناسا برداشت شد. پس از پیش پردازش‌های لازم، میانگین بلندمدت ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه سپیدایی ایران محاسبه گردید. یافته‌ها در مقیاس ماهانه نشان داد که در ماه‌های سرد سال( Jan, Feb, Mar ) که ماه‌های برفپوش ایران شناخته می‌شوند، سپیدایی ایران بیشینه شده و ماه‌های گذار فروکش کرده و سپس در ماه‌های گرم سال (June, July, Aug) به سبب خشکی زمین و افزایش دمای رویه زمین دوباره افزایش می‌یابد. این رفتار دو سویه در مقیاس فصلی نیز آشکار است. بطوری که سپیدایی ایران در فصول زمستان و تابستان بیشینه و در فصول بهار و پاییز (فصول گذار) کمینه می‌باشد. همچنین یافته‌ها گویای آن است که میانگین بلندمدت سپیدایی ایران حدود 5/12 درصد است. با آگاهی از محدود بودن پوشش برفی ایران، پایین بودن سپیدایی ایران طبیعی به نظر می‌رسد.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: Evaluating the susceptibility of regional climates to climate change gives a pattern to realistically analyze the probable future climate changes. This paper investigates human influence on variations in precipitation extremes in Iran by evaluating precipitation data provided from 286 rain-gage stations during 1967-2010 and general circulation simulation results of CanESM2 model. This investigation was based on six forcing factors including natural external (volcanic aerosol, solar radiation), anthropogenic and a combination of them, Green House Gases (GHGs), change of land use, and anthropogenic aerosols. Seven precipitation indices namely Rx1day (Annual maximum 1-day precipitation), Rx5day (Annual maximum 5-day precipitation), R10mm (Annual count of days where daily precipitation is more than 10 mm), R20mm (Annual count of days where daily precipitation is more than 20 mm), CDD (Consecutive dry days), CWD (Consecutive wet days), and PRCPTOT (Annual total wet day precipitation) have been analyzed via the optimal fingerprint method. The results revealed that Rx1day, Rx5day and CWD increased, while R10mm, R20mm, CDD, and PRCPTOT decreased among which CDD and Rx1day indices with values of 18.4% and 10.9%, respectively showed significant variations. Furthermore, the obtained results implied that only the effect of anthropogenic forcing with a value of 1.4 was detected and attributed in CDD variations, also ANT caused increase in the return period of a 20-year event by 1.9 year for CDD. Although human-induced forcing factors presented marked trends in some cases, their effects were not generally detected and attributed on the change in the observations, apart from one exception.
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: گردوخاک پدیده هواشناسی رایج در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان است که در اثر عوامل طبیعی یا انسانی ایجاد می‌شود. شناسایی چشمه‌های فعال گردوخاک نخستین گام برای مقابله با آن و کاهش پیامدهای مخرب آن است. برای این منظور از دو شاخص عمق نوری هواویزها (AOD) و اختلاف بهنجار شده پوشش گیاهی (NDVI) از سنجنده MODIS ماهواره Terra برای دو دهه گذشته (2020-2001) استفاده شده است. برای بررسی چشمه‌های فعال هواویز در منطقه مورد مطالعه درصد فراوانی آستانه‌های هواویزها با سه آستانه 0.3، 0.5و 1 مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بیشینه مقادیر AOD مربوط به فصول بهار و تابستان است. بطور کلی شش کانون اصلی هواویزها بر اساس مقادیر AOD و شاخص FoO برای منطقه غرب آسیا قابل تشخیص است. این کانون‌های هواویز در پهنه اقلیمی بیابانی گرم و خشک (BWh) دیده می‌شوند. تنها کانون هووایز موثر در شمال شرقی ایران در پهنه اقلیمی بیابانی خشک و سرد (BWk) در کشور ترکمنستان قرار دارد. بررسی ماتریس ضریب همبستگی هواویزها با پوشش گیاهی نشان ازرابطه معکوس دارد، البته این رابطه بیشتر برای چشمه‌های هواویزها صادق است. فارغ از نقش تعیین کننده ویژگی‌های سطحی در رخداد هواویزها، دو پدیده هواشناسی همانند باد شمال تابستانه و باد 120 روزه سیستان در تشکیل کانون‌هایی با مقادیر AOD بالاتر 0.5 و 1 نقش تعیین کننده‌‌ای دارند.
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: بازتابسنجی تداخلی GNSS را میتوان بعنوان یکی دیگر از روشهای سنجش از دور برای پایش رطوبت خاک بصورت پیوسته و البته در مقیاس محلی در نظر گرفت که در وضعیتهای مختلف جوی مانند شرایط بارانی و مه آلود و در شرایط متفاوت نور و روشنایی مانند روز و شب قابل اجرا است. سیگنالهای بازتابی از سطح زمین توسط آنتنهای GNSS قابل دریافت است. تغییرات در رطوبت خاک باعث تغییر در مقدار مؤلفه نسبت سیگنال به نویز SNRسیگنال‌های بازتابی میشود. با تجزیه و تحلیل سیگنالهای بازتابی، میتوان به اطلاعات مفیدی در مورد سطح بازتاب دست یافت. SNR به شدت به رطوبت خاک وابسته است. در این تحقیق داده های ایستگاه P038 در منطقه نیومکزیکو مورد استفاده قرار میگیرد. بدینصورت که از سیگنالهای چندمسیری برای برآورد تغییرات رطوبت خاک در طول چهار سال، از 2017 تا 2020 استفاده میشود. طبق برآورد انجام شده سطح محتوای حجمی آب در سال 2017، برابر 8/88 میباشد، که در سال 2018 به 11/74 افزایش مییابد. سپس اندکی کاهش یافته و در سال 2019 به 10/88 رسیده و نهایتاً در سال 2020 به 12/49 افزایش مییابد. در این مقاله کارائی مدل شبکه عصبی LSTM در پیش بینی سری زمانی رطوبت حجمی خاک بدست آمده از تداخل سیگنالهای بازتابی GNSS مورد ارزیابی قرار می‌گیرد. آموزش مدل با استفاده از 80 درصد مشاهدات ایستگاه انجام میگیرد. با به روزرسانی وضعیت شبکه با مقادیر مشاهده شده به جای مقادیر پیش بینی شده، مقدار جذر خطای مربعی میانگین از 0/09 به 0/04 کاهش یافته و پیش بینی ها دقیقتر انجام میشوند.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: Abstract Subsurface channels are stratigraphic features in seismic data that can act as reservoirs or conduits for hydrocarbons. However, detecting and characterizing these channels is challenging due to the limitations of seismic resolution and the complexity of the subsurface geology. Seismic inversion is a technique that can enhance the seismic data by transforming the seismic traces into quantitative estimates such as acoustic impedance (AI), which is a key reservoir rock property. AI inversion can help to identify and delineate the subsurface channels by providing more contrast and detail of the channel geometry, fill, and surrounding sediments. Seismic inversion is often challenged by the non-uniqueness, ambiguity, and uncertainty of the inversion results due to noise and band-limited data. This paper uses a fuzzy model-based seismic inversion method that integrates prior information and fuzzy clustering constraints to produce more realistic and reliable AI models. This method assigns data points to multiple clusters with varying degrees of membership, which can capture the overlapping of AI values of different geological formations. The method is applied to the 3D Poseidon seismic data from the Browse Basin, offshore Western Australia, and the results are compared with those of conventional model-based inversion. Since there is no well-data in an interest channel zone, a qualitative evaluation with seismic attributes is performed. The subsurface structures are further interpreted by various seismic attributes. The comparison shows the fuzzy model-based inversion method can improve the resolution, contrast, and stability of the AI models and reveal more detail of the subsurface geology.
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: یکی از چالش‌های اصلی در بکارگیری مدل‌های ژئوپتانسیلی جهانی، محاسبه توابع لژاندر وابسته نوع اول بر اساس فرمول-های بازگشتی معمول است. از آنجاییکه اکثر نرم‌افزارهای محاسباتی به طور پیش‌فرض از فرمت «دقت مضاعف» در محاسبات استفاده می‌کنند، یک سوال مهم این است که آیا این سطح دقت برای محاسبه توابع لژاندر وابسته نوع اول و ارزیابی مدل‌های ژئوپتانسیلی کافی است؟ نتایج نشان می‌دهد که محاسبه توابع لژاندر در درجه 2190، معادل بالاترین درجه مدل‌های ژئوپتانسیلی جهانی موجود، حتی با بکارگیری دقت مضاعف، برای عرض‌های کروی در بازه [ʹ33˚78 وʹ20˚56] از دقت کافی برخوردار نیست، که بیشترین کاهش دقت در عرض کروی 60 درجه رخ می‌دهد. همچنین نتایج نشان می‌دهد که در عرض کروی 60 درجه، محاسبه توابع لژاندر در درجات بالاتر از 2029، دچار افت دقت شده و این افت دقت با افزایش درجه تشدید می‌گردد. بر اساس نتایج، محاسبه پتانسیل ثقل و شتاب ثقل تا درجه 2190، به ترتیب در محدوده عرض‌های کروی ازʹ32˚57 تاʹ13˚60 و ازʹ41˚57 تا ʹ13˚60 دچار افت شدید دقت می‌شود. از نتایج ما درمی‌یابیم که حداکثر درجه بسط برای محاسبه دقیق پتانسیل ثقل و شتاب ثقل برای تمام عرض‌های کروی، به ترتیب درجه 2065 و 2071 است. در این تحقیق، ما نشان می‌دهیم که برای محاسبه توابع لژاندر بر اساس روابط بازگشتی و تولید تابعک‌های میدان ثقل بر اساس مدل‌های ژئوپتانسیلی درجات بالای کنونی، نیازمند حفظ «دقت مضاعف طویل» در تمام فرایند محاسباتی هستیم.
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉Road safety is a critical concern in the modern world, where advancements in technology have made our lives easier but have also given rise to increased traffic hazards and road accidents. The "Car Accident Detector and Informer" project is an innovative system aimed at enhancing road safety by accurately detecting and informing about car accidents in real-time. This project integrates advanced sensors, microcontroller technology, and communication protocols to create an efficient accident detection and notification system. Utilizing GPS and GSM technology for precise location tracking and instant notifications, this system has the potential to reduce emergency response times, save lives, and minimize property damage. This research paper presents a detailed overview of the project, including its objectives, working principles, components, advantages, disadvantages, and prospects.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉Spatiotemporal data analytics is a dynamic field that seeks to extract valuable information from data that integrates both spatial and temporal dimensions. This article explores the importance of this emerging field and its applications in a variety of fields, including environmental science, public health, and urban planning. Spatiotemporal data analysis addresses important research questions, such as determining event probabilities, understanding change patterns, identifying associations between events, and predicting events Future. However, this comes with many challenges, including managing large datasets, ensuring data quality, dealing with spatial and temporal autocorrelation, and more. To address these challenges, proposed solutions include data reduction and sampling, dimensionality reduction, data compression, use of spatial and temporal indexes, parallel and distributed processing, data filtering and pre- processing. Furthermore, strategies to handle spatial and temporal autocorrelation include exploratory data analysis, using spatial weight matrices, including spatially lagged variables, and regression models. spatial attribution, cluster analysis, etc for spatial autocorrelation and for temporal autocorrelation, solutions include time series analysis, differencing, ARIMA models, lagged variables, time series decomposition, exponential smoothing, state space modelling, machine learning, cross-validation, and regularization techniques. These approaches provide valuable insights to address the complexity of spatio-temporal data analysis and unlock its potential in various fields.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉Diamond drilling, a core drilling technique employing diamond-encrusted drill bits, has emerged as a critical method for extracting cylindrical rock samples from diverse geological formations. This article provides an extensive overview of diamond drilling, encompassing its equipment, applications, challenges, and its pivotal role in geological exploration, mining, and construction projects. The versatility of diamond drilling is evident in its adaptability to various rock types, spanning the gamut from soft sedimentary strata to formidable crystalline structures. In mining, it serves as an indispensable tool for assessing the quality, depth, and size of mineral deposits. Likewise, in construction and civil engineering, diamond drilling aids in ascertaining geological conditions for safe and stable foundation design. Environmental considerations are paramount in contemporary drilling practices, with containment measures for drilling fluids to mitigate ecological impacts. Safety precautions are rigorously adhered to, ensuring the well-being of workers and the integrity of drilling operations. Furthermore, core samples extracted through diamond drilling are instrumental in geological investigations. These samples, meticulously analyzed, yield insights into rock composition, mineral content, and geological structures. They inform decisions in resource exploration, mine planning, and construction project management. This review underscores the invaluable contributions of diamond drilling to our understanding of the Earth's subsurface, emphasizing its adaptability, environmental consciousness, and safety. By examining the critical aspects of this technique, this article illuminates the profound impact of diamond drilling on various industries and the scientific community, positioning it as an indispensable tool for unlocking the secrets hidden beneath the Earth's surface.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: تعیین لبه و موقعیت افقی ساختارهای زمین‌شناسی یکی از مراحل اساسی در تفسیر داده‌های میدان پتانسیل محسوب می‌گردد. در این مقاله مثبت‌ترین و منفی‌ترین انحنا داده‌های گرانی تجزیه و تحلیل گردیده و فیلتری کارآمدتر با استفاده از نشانگرهای انحنا و ترکیبات آن‌ها برای تشخیص گوشه‌های ساختارها و چشمه‌های مدفون گرانی معرفی و استفاده گردیده است. روش پیشنهادی که فیلتر انحنای هیبریدی مثبت و منفی (یا به اختصار PNH) نامیده می‌شود، مثبت‌ترین و منفی‌ترین انحناها را با تنظیم فرمول و جمع وزنی در یک انحنا ترکیب و از مزایای دو انحنا مثبت و منفی برای بهبود تشخیص لبه داده‌های گرانی استفاده می‌نماید. بدین منظور ابتدا توانایی فیلتر PNH با در نظر گرفتن فرض‌های مختلف چگالی (مثبت، منفی و مثبت-منفی) برای مدل گرانی نسبتا پیچیده مصنوعی حاصل از منشورهای مدفون بدون نوفه و همراه با نوفه تصادفی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته که نتایج به دست آمده بر روی مدل‌های مصنوعی نشان می‌دهد فیلتر انحنای هیبریدی مثبت و منفی، از توانایی نسبتا خوبی برای تشخیص مرزهای افقی ساختارهای مدفون با چگالی و عمق‌های مختلف برخوردار است. همچنین از فیلترهای استاندارد تعیین گوشه مانند، مشتق قائم مرتبه دوم گرانی و فیلتر زاویه تیلت یا کجی برای مقایسه و صحت‌سنجی توانایی فیلترهای نشانگر انحنا بر روی مدل مصنوعی استفاده شده است. در ادامه کیفیت فیلتر پیشنهادی PNH ابتدا بر روی داده‌های واقعی یک معدن طلا واقع در منطقه ویتواترزند (آفریقای جنوبی) و سپس بر روی داده‌های گرانی مربوط به گنبد نمکی آجی‌چای (ایران) مورد بررسی و مطالعه قرار گرفته است.
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: برونداد مدل‌های پیش‌بینی عددی وضع هوا دارای خطا است. جهت اصلاح پیش‌بینی‌های کوتاه مدت (24، 48 و 72 ساعته) دمای بیشینه و کمینه مدل WRF، از یک روش یادگیری ماشین به نام ماشین تعقیب کننده استفاده شد. در این روش با سری زمانی 300 روزه از خطای برونداد مدل و با به کارگیری روش کمترین مربعات طیفی شبه فوریه- سری زمانی، خطای پیش‌بینی‌های مدل WRF برآورد شد. خطای پیش‌بینی‌ها در دوره 01/11/2020 الی 05/03/2023 برای 560 ایستگاه هواشناسی برآورد شد. یکی از نقاط قوت این روش، استفاده از تنها یک متغیر برای کاهش خطای پیش‌بینی‌های است. عملکرد پیش‌بینی مدل WRF بسته به مکان و زمان متفاوت است مثلا نمره مهارت مدل برای دمای بیشینه در ماه سپتامبر نسبت به سایر ماه‌ها کمتر و در مناطق جنوب غربی زاگرس نسبت به سایر مناطق کمتر است، که بعد از اصلاح این وابستگی حذف، و پیش‌بینی در تمام مناطق و زمان‌ها عملکرد یکسانی دارد. نتایج نشان داد نمره مهارت، RMSE و شاخص اطمینان‌پذیری پس از اصلاح خطای مدل به شکل قابل توجهی بهبود می‌یابد. پس از اصلاح خطا، نمره مهارت مدل برای پیش‌بینی دمای بیشینه از 1/0- به 85/0 و برای دمای کمینه از 38/0 به 72/0 می‌رسد. به طور متوسط RMSE برای پیش‌بینی دمای بیشینه از 6 به 2 درجه وبرای دمای کمینه از 5/4 به 3 درجه سلسیوس می‌رسد. پس از اصلاح خطای مدل، تغییرپذیری نمره مهارت پیش‌بینی‌ها کاهش یافته و با کاهش مقدار خطای پیش‌بینی‌ها، قابلیت اطمینان‌پذیری به پیش‌بینی‌های مدل به طور متوسط از 60 درصد به 85 درصد می‌رسد.
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: امواج درونی نقش اساسی در وضعیت هیدرولوژیکی و انرژی اقیانوس‌ها دارد یکی از انواع امواج درونی امواج بادپناه است که در اثر عبور جریان‏های زیرسطحی یا جزرومدی بر روی توپوگرافی بستر دریا به وجود می‏آیند و یکی از عوامل جابجایی لایه‏های همچگالی در زیر آب است. این موضوع باعث تغییر میزان مواد مغذی دریا و چگالی دریا خواهد شد. به همین دلیل شناخت امواج باد پناه در صنایع ماهی‏گیری و نظامی از اهمیت بالایی برخوردار است. در این مقاله با استفاده از ماژول جریان مدل سه بعدی Delft3D به صورت هیدرواستاتیک و غیرهیدرواستاتیک در تنگه هرمز که به دلیل داشتن کم‏عمقی‏های فراوان مستعد تشکیل موج بادپناه می باشد شبیه‏سازی امواج بادپناه انجام شده است و با استفاده از تصویر ماهواره‏ای SAR، داده میدانی و مطالعات پیشین اعتبارسنجی صورت گرفت. نتایج وجود امواج بادپناه در تنگه هرمز را نشان می‎دهند. هر دو مدل هیدرواستاتیک و غیرهیدرواستاتیک توانسته‏اند جهت انتشار و تولید امواج درونی را با تقریب مکانی قابل قبول شبیه‏سازی کنند، با این تفاوت که مدل غیرهیدرواستاتیک دارای مقادیر سرعت جریان بزرگتری می‏باشد، هرچند که نتایج هر دو مدل در رنج 4/0- تا 4/0+ می‏باشد. با این حال می توان گفت حالت هیدرواستاتیک تلاطم‏های بیشتری را نشان می‏دهد و به دلیل استفاده از مختصات عمودی سیگما، لایه ترموکلاین را با دقت بالاتری شبیه‏سازی می‏کند.
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: Both aeromagnetic and radiometric data was deployed to evaluate the Curie point depth and radiogenic heat production (RHP) of the young granitic regions of Jos plateau. An area of 55 by 110 square kilometers bounded by latitude 9°30' to 10°00' N and longitude 8°30' to 9°30' E of central Nigeria. The magnetic data was subjected to spectral analysis to obtain the curie depth which was subsequently used to evaluate the geothermal gradient and Heat flow for the area. Also, the concentration of radioelements (Potassium, thorium and Uranium) and average density of the in-situ rock was used to estimate the radiogenic heat production at each point where the Curie point was evaluated. The heat flow of the study area ranges from 10 to 165.5 mW/m2 with an average value of 111.00 mW/m2. The regions with anomalous heat flow of 165.5 mW/m2 are around Bowon Dodo, Dan Tsofo, Kadunu, Gimi, Kaura and Zankan of plateau state. The geothermal gradient values range from 5 to 68 °C/Km with an average of 26.16 °C/Km. The radiometric data analysis resulted in radiogenic heat values ranging from 0.4 µWm3 to 6 µW/m3 with average radiogenic heat value of 3.36 µW/m3. Both analyses revealed that regions such as Ataka, Gimi, Jimjim and Pari could be explored for geothermal energy. The high concentration of uranium, thorium and potassium associated with the study area must have arisen from the weathered in-situ granitic basement rocks.
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: مدل‌های گردش کلی (GCMs) کم و بیش دارای اریبی هستند و یکی از تکنیک‌های مورد استفاده برای کاهش اریبی مدل‌ها در بررسی پیامدهای تغییر اقلیم به‌کارگیری روش‌های تصحیح اریبی است. این مطالعه کارایی پنج روش تصحیح اریبی شامل دو روش نسبت‌گیری و سه روش نگاشت چندک را برای دو متغیر دمای کمینه و بیشینه در 46 ایستگاه همدید ایران طی دوره 1980-2014 با استفاده از مدل EC-Earth3-CC از سری مدل‌های CMIP6 مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد. نتایج نشان داد برونداد مستقیم مدل EC-Earth3-CC برای هر دو متغیر دمای کمینه و بیشینه در تمامی پهنه‌های اقلیمی ایران و همچنین متوسط اقلیمی کشور دارای اریبی سرد (کم‌برآوردی) است. به‌طور کلی، پس از تصحیح اریبی، مقدار اریبی دو متغیر دمای کمینه و بیشینه به‌شکل قابل توجهی کاهش یافت. روش‌های نسبت‌گیری نسبت به روش‌های نگاشت چندک بهبود بیشتری را در برونداد مستقیم مدل نشان دادند. براساس تحلیل مقدار RMSE، روش‌های تصحیح اریبی در مقایسه با برونداد مستقیم به‌طور قابل توجهی خطا را کاهش می‌دهند. به‌طوری‌که پس از تصحیح اریبی، مقدار خطای متغیر دمای کمینه برای روش‌های نگاشت چندک تا 42 درصد و برای روش‌های نسبت‌گیری خطی و واریانس به-ترتیب 70.38 و 67.93 درصد کاهش داشته است. مقدار خطای دمای بیشینه نیز پس از تصحیح اریبی به‌ترتیب 59، 65.9 و 67.9 درصد کاهش داشته است. تصحیح اریبی سبب افزایش ضریب توافق (d) تا بیش از دو برابر در متوسط پهنه‌های اقلیمی شده‌است. به‌طور کلی روش‌های تصحیح اریبی بکارگرفته شده در این پژوهش دمای بیشینه را با دقت بالاتری نسبت به دمای کمینه برآورد می‌کنند.
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: در این پژوهش اثر گردش بزرگ مقیاس عرض‌های میانی بر موقعیت ناوه مدیترانه برای بارش‌های فوق‌سنگین طی بازه زمانی 1979 تا 2022 بررسی شد. در این راستا با استفاده از شاخص تموج تغییرات تموج و با تحلیل همدیدی الگوی گردسی جو برای150 بارش فوق سنگین کشور تحلیل شد. نتایج نشان داد که بارش‌های فوق سنگین تحت تاثیر تقویت ناوه اطلس، گسترش جریانات از سمت اروپا و شکل‌گیری ناوه مدیترانه رخ می دهد. شکل‌گیری ناوه اطلس سبب افزایش دامنه امواج، شکل‌گیری پشته برروی اروپا و ناوه مدیترانه می شود. با شکل‌گیری این الگو، ناوه مدیترانه تغییرات طول و عرض جغرافیایی 8 درجه را نسبت به میانگین خود تجربه می‌کند. تغییرات مکانی ناوه مدیترانه به دلیل تغییرات نصف‌النهاری امواج باد غربی برروی اروپا و موقعیت ارتفاع زیاد‌ جنب‌حاره است. متغییرترین قسمت باد غربی منطبق بر بلاکینگ شرق اطلس و ناوه مدیترانه است که با تشدید شیو بین ارتفاع زیاد و کم‌ارتفاع، جریانات نصف النهاری شده و مقدار تموج افزایش‌ می‌یابد. این شرایط منجر به تقویت پشته اروپا، افزایش دامنه امواج، تکوین بندال و گسترش ناوه مدیترانه تا عرض 25 درجه می‌شود. تکوین بلاکینگ اطلس سبب تقویت پشته برروی اروپا و گسترش جریانات به سمت مدیترانه‌ می‌شود. همچنین گسترش‌ نصف‌النهاری ارتفاع زیاد اروپایی منجر به تشدید شیو فشار، شارش‌ جریانات سرد شمالی،‌ تشدید جبهه‌ز‌ایی، تعمیق ناوه مدیترانه تا دریای سرخ می شود. همزمان با تقویت ناوه مدیترانه گسترش‌ شرق‌سوی واچرخند عربستان علاوه بر اینکه منجر به گسترش‌ شرق‌سوی ناوه مدیترانه می‌شود‌، رطوبت مناسبی نیز برای رخداد بارش‌های فوق سنگین کشور تامین می‌کند.
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: Understanding the stress field is crucial for assessing seismic risks in Northwestern Iran, a region known for its high seismic activity and geological volatility. The intricate tectonic arrangements involving the Arabian, Anatolian, and Eurasian plates contribute to the unstable nature of the area. This study focuses on deducing stress regimes through stress inversion analysis of earthquake focal mechanisms in the North Tabriz Fault system. Analyzing the stress field is essential for understanding the elastic characteristics and geodynamics of the region. The study considers the stress field surrounding the Tabriz Fault, aiming to determine stress parameters and principal stress orientations using focal mechanisms. By analyzing 35 earthquake focal mechanism datasets from the Global Centered Moment Tensor and the Iranian Seismological Center, stress field inversions were conducted using Michael's linear inversion method and the iterative joint inversion method. The two techniques yielded distinct outcomes, with the iterative joint inversion method proving more accurate in determining stress fields and principal stress orientations. The findings indicate the existence of strike-slip faults in proximity to the North Tabriz Fault. The stress direction observed and the trajectory of the fault system suggest the influence of a transpressional mechanism. The predominant right-lateral strike-slip motion observed aligns with the prevailing tectonic regime in the region, providing evidence of strike-slip and thrust faulting stress regimes. The results contribute to a better understanding of the stress field and geodynamic situation in Northwestern Iran. They provide valuable insights for spatial analysis of future earthquakes and assessing seismic hazards in the region.
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: کشور ایران جزو کمربند کوهزایی آلپ - هیمالیاست و به ایالت های لرزه زمین ساختی مختلفی تقسیم شده است. استان کرمان بر اساس طبقه بندی ایالت های لرزه زمین ساختی در زون ایران مرکزی قرار گرفته است. شهر هجدک نیز در ایالت لرزه زمین ساختی ایران مرکزی واقع شده است و رویداد زمین لرزه ای بزرگی را تجربه نموده است. در این تحقیق برای اولین بار شهر هجدک کرمان از نظر شرایط لرزه ای به صورت جامع مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است تا با استفاده از نتایج آن فرایند تصمیم‌گیری برای اقدامات پیشگیرانه به ویژه بهسازی و مقاوم سازی ساختمان ها در برابر زلزله در این شهر تسهیل گردد. در این تحقیق از داده های کاتالوگ زمین لرزه های موسسه ژئوفیزیک دانشگاه تهران و نقشه های زمین شناسی سازمان زمین شناسی استفاده شده است و چشمه‌های لرزه‌ای، پارامترهای لرزه‌ای، جنبش نیرومند زمین محاسبه و تحلیل خطر زلزله به روش احتمالاتی انجام شده است. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از این تحقیق، در فاصله 100 کیلومتری از محدوده شهری 6 زمین لرزه تاریخی، 4141 زمین لرزه دستگاهی با بزرگای بالای 4 از سال 1900 تا اواخر 2023 رخ داده و 8 چشمه لرزه زا از نوع ناحیه‌ای تشخیص داده شده است. ضرایب لرزه خیزی a , b محاسبه شده در این محدوده به ترتیب 86/0 و 88/3 و نرخ لرزه خیزی برای بزرگای 4 و بزرگ‌تر، 47/1 است. بیشترین شتاب سنگ کف در محدوده 45/0 است که این شتاب در محدوده شهر هجدک بین 25/0-35/0 می باشد.
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: We, the editors of the Code4Lib Journal, sincerely apologize for the recent incident in which Personally Identifiable Information (PII) was released through the publication of an article in issue 58.
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the necessity for digital infrastructure and accessibility, particularly in the education sector. This paper investigates the benefits and effectiveness of utilizing Green Cloud Computing (GCC) techniques for the dissemination of educational library data in remote regions of India during this critical period. The GCC model, known for its energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact, is proposed as a robust, scalable, and eco-friendly solution for providing remote educational access. The research utilizes a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both quantitative assessments of data reach and usage, and qualitative surveys to understand user experiences. The study reveals that GCC techniques can significantly improve educational resource distribution, thereby mitigating the educational disparities further exacerbated by the pandemic. These findings reinforce the potential of GCC techniques as a sustainable and inclusive technology in reshaping the educational landscape in remote regions.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉One of the most crucial global issues of our era is climate change, whose consequences are presently being felt all over the world. As climate change keeps on forgoing, it's important that governments, organizations, and businesses take visionary actions for adapting and protecting themselves from calamities.〈/em〉〈em〉 This paper summarizes the application of Remote Sensing (RS) and 〈/em〉〈em〉Geographic Information System (〈/em〉〈em〉GIS) in observing impact of climate change on drought, soil moisture, land degradation, food security, EHIs’ characterization and blue carbon science and review of AI based climate solutions. The〈/em〉〈em〉 〈/em〉〈em〉integration of advanced machine learning algorithms,〈/em〉〈em〉 〈/em〉〈em〉real-time data analysis, and other cutting-edge technologies could lead to even more effective climate change〈/em〉〈em〉 〈/em〉〈em〉adaptation strategies. AI-activated climate change adaptation strategies have the prospective to significantly〈/em〉〈em〉 〈/em〉〈em〉improve the resilience of infrastructure communities, and businesses to the changing climate.〈/em〉〈strong〉〈/strong〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉Urban transportation systems face significant challenges due to rapid population growth and development. This study delves into the enhancement of road safety in Navi Mumbai by employing Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) techniques. The escalating rate of vehicular accidents in Navi Mumbai presents a pressing concern. This research investigates accident data and traffic patterns, identifying vulnerable areas prone to accidents and congestion. By conducting spatial analysis using GIS and RS, the study aims to uncover accident hotspots and traffic congestion zones, offering insights into underlying road safety issues. The research methodology involves a multi-stage process. Initial data collection from various sources, including police reports, live traffic data, and satellite imagery, forms the foundation. Geographic coordinates extracted and processed through GIS applications aid in plotting accident locations and creating density maps. Additionally, on-site investigations at strategically chosen locations provide invaluable insights into local conditions, traffic patterns, and contributing factors to congestion and accidents. The findings are presenting tailored solutions for each area, ranging from optimized traffic signal timings to infrastructural improvements. The findings of this study present actionable insights aimed at improving road safety and traffic management in Navi Mumbai. Recommendations encompassing signal optimizations, infrastructure enhancements, and community engagement strategies offer a holistic approach to mitigate traffic congestion and reduce accidents. The collaborative effort with relevant authorities, as highlighted in the study, serves as a crucial step towards implementing these recommendations for meaningful change. This research not only identifies critical areas for intervention but also serves as a model for leveraging GIS and RS techniques to enhance the road safety in urban areas, paving the way for safer and efficient transportation networks in the future.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉〈em〉The urgency to transition to renewable energy sources is underscored by the environmental crises stemming from our reliance on non-renewable fuels. This study focuses on assessing wind energy potential in Odisha, India, utilizing satellite data and Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies. The research addresses the critical need for strategic planning and site selection before investing in renewable energy infrastructure. By employing a model that integrates various free satellite datasets and leverages fundamental physical principles, the study calculates wind power density (WPD) at a height of 90 meters above the surface for both onshore and offshore locations. The methodology involves acquiring and processing datasets such as temperature, wind speed, digital elevation model (DEM), pressure, air density, and land use/land cover (LULC) classifications. The model applies equations derived from physical laws to determine key parameters necessary for calculating WPD. Specifically, temperature and pressure data are used to estimate air density, while surface roughness is assigned based on LULC classes with windspeed at 10m to extrapolate wind speed at 90 meters above ground level. The method can be used at any hub height. Results reveal significant wind energy potential in Odisha, particularly along the coastal regions. Jagatsinghpur and Puri emerge as areas with high WPD onshore, while the offshore exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Odisha exhibits substantial wind energy resources. The model outputs provide valuable insights for various studies related to renewable energy and facilitate informed decision-making in site selection analyses. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the simplicity and effectiveness of the developed model,〈/em〉〈br〉〈em〉making it a practical tool for assessing wind energy potential in other regions as well. Overall, this research contributes to the global effort towards transitioning to sustainable energy sources and combating climate change. By highlighting the renewable energy potential of Odisha, it underscores the importance of harnessing wind energy as a viable pathway towards a cleaner, greener future.〈/em〉〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 2321-421X
    Electronic ISSN: 2230-7990
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by STM Journals
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Well logs were utilized to investigate petrophysical properties of the Khurmala Formation’s surface outcrops in Shaqlawa Subdistrict and Tawke Oilfield, e.g., lithology, shale volume, porosity, and fracture. The thickness of the formation is about 15 m in the Shaqlawa section and 42 m in the Tawke Oilfield. Porosity logs were used to estimate porosity; where the porosity values reached a maximum of 52% from the sonic log, 48% from the density log, and 35% from the neutron porosity log. The reservoir quality of the Khurmala Formation, as determined through the analysis of thin sections, which were obtained from outcrop samples, is deemed to be of low quality. The determined shale volume within the examined interval exhibits a moderate level of clay constituents, with the highest gamma-ray measurement indicating a shale content of 29% at some locations within the reservoir. This integrated method using various conventional well logs suggests a great probability of petrophysical properties in the Khurmala Formation to be considered as the reservoir.〈/p〉
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The seismic survey is based on the reflected wave’s inherent nature from the interface among layers, which depends on the layer's density and velocity. This is called acoustic impedance and is used to resolve the confusion associated with the stratigraphic structure of the Mishrif formations in the Garraf oil field. The seismic section of the Garraf oil field in Thi-Qar Province, south of Iraq, was analyzed and interpreted. Considering the most important petroleum accumulation reservoir in the Garraf oil field, to update the structural images of the Mishrif Formation. A seismic study of the actual amplitude reflections, temporal maps, and three-dimensional depositional models demonstrated that the Mishrif Formation generate hydrocarbon from an individual structural trap in the presence of oil. Numerous abrupt discontinuities were observed in the seismic reflectors of the reservoir units of the Mishrif Formation, suggesting either a reef or a fault. The correct probability can be shown by establishing a historical match between the reservoir model and the actual behavior of the reservoir or by running a 3D vertical seismic profile log (VSP), which is more precise than the seismic survey previously used to explore faults.〈/p〉
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Empirical and statistical methodologies have been established to acquire accurate permeability identification and reservoir characterization, based on the rock type and reservoir performance. The identification of rock facies is usually done by either using core analysis to visually interpret lithofacies or indirectly based on well-log data. The use of well-log data for traditional facies prediction is characterized by uncertainties and can be time-consuming, particularly when working with large datasets. Thus, Machine Learning can be used to predict patterns more efficiently when applied to large data. Taking into account the electrofacies distribution, this work was conducted to predict permeability for the four wells, FH1, FH2, FH3, and FH19 from the Yamama reservoir in the Faihaa Oil Field, southern Iraq.〈/p〉
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Rock identification and classification have contributed to the enhancement of drilling oil wells and production reservoir performance. Therefore, understanding the properties of reservoir rocks is a major concern in the petroleum industry. In this context, Young’s modulus and uniaxial compressive strength are major mechanical rock properties essential for defining the engineering classification and modulus ratio of rocks. However, these parameters are used in order to examine the impact of the petrophysical properties on mechanical strength in the Facha member (reservoir) of the Gir Formation in the western central of Sirte Basin, oilfields of central Libya. Dolomite, limestone, dolomitic limestone, and anhydrite are the main lithofacies rock components of this reservoir, as well as of a third member of the Gir Formation (Lower Eocene). Young’s modulus and uniaxial compressive strength were computed from sonic and bulk density well logs data from six wells in four different oil fields. This oil-rich reservoir has an average thickness of 104 m, an average total porosity of 16%, and argillaceous material content (clay) of 4%. According to the engineering classification chart of Deere and Miller, the Facha reservoir rocks have a very low class (E 〈 27.5 Mpa) to high strength class (B ≈ 110-220 Mpa) and have a medium-to-high modulus ratio (M ≈ 200–500 and H ≈ 500). Generally, the diagenesis process, for instance dolomitization, affected both the strength and the modulus ratio.〈/p〉
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The Gulneri Formation (Early-Middle Turonian) Deep-water depositional model was constructed using detailed microfacies analysis from the northern Iraqi wells of Kirkuk (K-116) and Bai Hassan (BH-81) as well as the Dokan outcropped area. In the outcropped section, the formation consists of 2 m of thin friable marly limestone with high organic matter and thin-bedded black shale in addition to boulder and gravel-like limestone masses in the lower part. In the K-116 and BH-81 wells, the formation is 4.3 m and 9 m thick, respectively. It is composed mainly of black bituminous, pyritic calcareous shale, and shaley limestone with scattered glauconites. Petrographic studies of seventeen thin sections of the Gulneri rocks reveal that the pelagic/deep marine faunas are the dominant skeletal grain in the micritic groundmass. Three main microfacies were recognized in the studied rocks of the Gulneri Formation, namely lime mudstone, lime wackestone, and lime packstone. However, the latter is absent in the Dokan section. According to their environmental interpretation, these microfacies were grouped into two facies associations (basinal deep water and deep shelf). Based on the results of petrographic and microfacies analyses, it is concluded that the Gulneri Formation was deposited in a basinal deep marine environment with quiet and reducing conditions in the Dokan section and a basinal deep marine environment in the K-116 and BH-81 wells which changed at intervals to a shallower deep shelf setting toward the upper part with semi reducing conditions. The euxinic deep basin that formed at the beginning of the Kurdistan foreland basin's formation was quite anoxic and deeper from the northeast to the relatively shallower basin with semi-reduced conditions towards the southwest. This is how the depositional model of the Gulneri Formation in northern Iraq changed.〈/p〉
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Al-Mansuriya gas field is regarded as one of Iraq's most important gas fields because of its good economic gas reserves. The major gas reserves of the Mansuriya field are situated in the Jeribe Formation. The present study aims to determine the petrophysical properties of the Jeribe Formation in the Mansuriya gas field by using the interpretation of different well logs for the open wells MN-1, MN-2, MN-3, and MN-4. The Jeribe Formation was divided into several reservoir units depending on the final results of CPI computer processing interpretation using the Interactive Petrophysics program (Techlog). According to the results of the CPI, the Jeribe Formation in the Mansuriya gas field was divided into seven units, which are J1, J2, J3, J4, J5, J6, and J7. Matrix definition (MID) and density-neutron cross plots indicate that the lithology of the Jeribe Formation consists of a large proportion of dolomite and limestone and a little anhydrite, also in the direction of the gas evident in the Jeribe Formation. The Gamma-ray log showed that the volume of the shale is very small in the Jeribe Formation, and the formation may be clean of shale content. The reason for this small reading is the presence of some radioactive materials in the rocks of formation. Through the readings of the RHOB and NPHI logs and the results of cutoff boundaries, we can conclude that units J1 and J6 represent non-reservoir units and can be considered a cap rock for the reservoir units, and the units J2, J3, J4, and J5 are the main reservoir units for Jeribe Formation according to CPI results and the results of high porosity in these units, as they are characterized by the porosity of up to 24% and water saturation of 40 to 60%, which makes them reservoirs of high quality. The Mn-4 well showed different results from the rest of the wells, and none of its units can be considered a reservoir due to the large water saturation volume.〈/p〉
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Small islands have unique characteristics that make them highly vulnerable to environmental damage and disasters. A good understanding of geomorphological characteristics will greatly assist in understanding the potential damage to natural resources that may occur, as well as help in planning better environmental management and assist in more effective disaster mitigation in the future. This study aims to analyze geomorphological characteristics and identify their influence on potential environmental damage and existing geomorphological hazards. The analysis shows that the geomorphological characteristics of Pramuka Cay cause〈br〉it to have potential environmental damage and geomorphological hazards consisting of high vulnerability to sea level rise, water resource scarcity, seawater intrusion, groundwater pollution, coastal erosion and tsunami.〈/p〉
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This study aims to calculate the water balance of the Kubaisa Basin in the Western Iraqi Desert using the SWAT model. The study is based on simulating water discharges and the factors affecting them over several years (1990-2023). The geographical, climatic, and hydrological data were collected to run the model. The research results indicate that water distribution in the Kubaisa Basin was estimated during the studied period, including the quantities of surface water, groundwater, and discharges. Climatic results for the Kubaisa Basin indicated an increase in the trend line for total rainfall, temperature, humidity as a relative, and solar radiation, while the trend line retreated for wind speed for the same period. The results of the hydrological components of the basin, which were shown by the SWAT model, namely rainfall (RN-P), surface runoff (SR-Q), flow as lateral (LT-Q), flow as groundwater (GW-F), evapotranspiration as actual (ET), evapotranspiration as potential (PET), water-yield (WLD), and water that permeates past (percolates) the root zone (PEC) which are considered the main elements of the water balance, had values of 79.72mm, 3.10mm, 0.02182mm, 0.0028mm, 76.47mm, 1742.16mm, 3.12mm, and 0.00mm, respectively. This research makes important contributions to the understanding and management of water resources in the Kubaisa Basin and the Western Iraqi Desert regions and can be a basis for future research in the field of improving water sustainability in these regions.〈/p〉
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉   A regional seismic section was constructed from fourteen local seismic lines from different surveys crossing the central part of Iraq from west to east. The seismic lines’ surveys were performed during the period 1974–1990. The length of the regional seismic section is 662.5 km. The considered seismic lines are unified to the sea level datum. The quality of seismic lines is relatively poor in the western part of the regional seismic section, but it is of good quality in the central and eastern parts. Seven reflectors were identified along the regional seismic section, corresponding to ages from the Ordovician to the Miocene. The formations are Khabour (Mid-Ordovician), Akkas (Upper Silurian), Kurra Chine (Upper Triassic), Najmah (Upper Jurassic), Mauddud (Mid-Cretaceous), Shiranish (Upper Cretaceous) and Fatha (Lower Fars) (Mid-Miocene). The Two-way times for these seismic reflectors from the west to the east are 1691 – 4000 ms, 750-4000 ms, 0-4000 ms, 208-4000 ms, 206 -3310 ms, 205 -2700 ms, and 216-2500 ms for the seven formations; starting from the oldest formation (Khabour Formation to the youngest one (Fath Formation ), respectively. The top depth values of the considered formations were defined from west to east for each formation (0-4.189) km, (0.456-4.880) km, (0.708-5.936) km, (0.802-8.5) km, (0-8.977) km, (0.5-9) km, and (1.8-9) km from the oldest to the youngest formation, respectively. The horizon generally dips towards the east. Two sedimentary basins were identified, the first in the western part of Iraq within the Paleozoic formation, while the eastern basin was within the Cenozoic and Mesozoic formations. These two basins are separated by an uplift at the central part of the regional seismic section. This uplift region was confirmed by gravity and magnetic high anomaly. Many faults were detected along the regional seismic profile. Most of these faults extend from the deeper to the shallower formations. 〈/p〉
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Although the High Folded Zone in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq forms part of the Zagros-Taurus Folds and Thrust belt considered one of the potential hydrocarbon provinces, the oil fields within the zone are still lacking in geophysical exploration and scientific research. So, the rationale behind this study is the prospecting and evaluation of one of the Tertiary carbonate reservoirs at the “WN” oil field in the Duhok area by integrating the 3D seismic and well-log data. The methodology covered seismic interpretation, well logs and their relevant petrophysical analysis, attribute computation, and 3D static property modeling. The constructed reservoir maps revealed a double-plunging rollover anticlinal structure trending in the East-West direction parallel to the Taurus Mountain series. A total of nineteen minor reversal faults trending E-W to ENE-WSW dissecting the northern limb of the anticline were manually interpreted. The isopach map shows various thicknesses ranging from 160 to 330 m, averaging 245 m. The property models show the limited values of their parameters as the effective porosity is limited (0.97-23%), the secondary porosity (0.43-11.7%), permeability (0.00-238.8 mD), the water saturation (12.44-99.8%), and the clay volume (0.00-9.8%). The results of this research indicate that the horizon is a promising reservoir characteristic. 〈/p〉
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The Dammam Formation, a 250-meter-thick geological formation in the Bahr Al-Najaf Depression that is part of the Salman Platform, comprises re-crystallized limestone mixed with nummulite near the base. It was deposited in a shallow marine environment and extends from Al-Qaim to Samawa along the Euphrates River. The formation is part of the secondary Salman Zone of the main outstanding Stable Shelf. The engineering evaluation of the Dammam Formation in Bahr Al-Najaf depression was determined by ten samples which were chosen to represent the study area. The study includes both field and laboratory components. On the field side, data on the study region and samples were obtained. Physical, engineering, chemical, and mineralogy tests were carried out in laboratories. The total density ranges from 1.848 to 2.664 gm/cm〈sup〉3〈/sup〉, the porosity value ranges from 5–20 %, while the water absorption of limestone rocks values 1-7.7 %. Engineering tests were performed, including uniaxial compressive strength, which ranges between 59 and 177 Mpa. The rocks of the Dammam Formation are suitable for the manufacture of Portland cement according to global standards, as supported by chemical analysis.〈/p〉
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The provenance and tectonic setting of clastic sediments present in the Miocene Red Bed Series located in northeastern Iraq were analyzed. The analysis is based on the composition of detrital chrome spinel and represents the first examination of this topic. The detrital chrome spinel exhibits Cr # (Cr/(Cr + Al)) values ranging from 0.54 to 0.77 and Mg # (Mg/(Mg + Fe〈sup〉2+〈/sup〉)) values ranging from 0.37 to 0.69. This indicates a potential incorporation of ultramafic sources, possibly including peridotites (namely Harzburgite and Lherzolite precursors), within the supra-subduction zone. The analysis of modified Cr-spinels extracted from the Red Beds indicates that the source rocks underwent a process of metamorphism and that the Cr-spinel particles were surrounded by a magnetite rim. The Cr-spinel compositions of the examined samples are situated tectonically in the fore-arc setting of peridotite protoliths, except for a small number of samples that exhibit boninite affinity. The observed resemblance in the Cr-spinel number content between the examined specimens and the Zagros Ophiolite peridotites suggests that the Red Beds may have originated from the Cretaceous Mawat Ophiolite Complex. The deposition of Paleocene Walash-Naopurdan rocks indicates that the lower allochthon served as a source during this process. The tectonic context of the Red Bed Series suggests that the allochthonous terranes in the Mawat region were transported and obducted onto the northeastern Arabian passive margin in the early Miocene period. The deposition of the Red Bed Series occurred concurrently with the closure of the Neo-Tethys Ocean in the Miocene.〈/p〉
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Indirect geophysical methods are increasingly associated with direct underground methods in〈br〉investigating the subsurface to address environmental and geotechnical problems and reduce〈br〉the cost of underground studies. These methods make it possible to explore large areas with〈br〉acceptable precision, time, and cost. The present study combines the electrical resistivity〈br〉method with the California Bearing Ratio for exploring an area located west of the〈br〉Nouakchott port in Mauritania. The study aims firstly to verify that the thickness of the〈br〉backfill layer must be less than 2 m throughout the entire study area and secondly to map〈br〉areas with low California Bearing Ratio values (〈80%) indicating substandard backfill〈br〉compaction using 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography imaging survey and regression. The〈br〉measured Electrical Resistivity values exhibit a good nonlinear regression with California〈br〉Bearing Ratio, following Archie's equation. A map of California Bearing Ratio variation was〈br〉derived from the Electrical Resistivity values, indicating the distribution and variation of soil〈br〉strength in the study area. The results revealed that the backfill layer did not meet the〈br〉standards, with approximately 35% of the total area having a California Bearing Ratio value〈br〉below 80%. The areas with poor compaction requiring treatment were primarily located in〈br〉the southern sector, followed by the middle and eastern sectors.〈/p〉
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This study focuses on the Yamama Formation, a significant carbonate reservoir in southern Iraq that is one of the most important productive reservoirs in the region. The Formation is characterized by porous limestone interspersed with thin layers of argillaceous and tight limestone. The Yamama reservoir in the Faihaa oil field is divided mainly into four units; YA, YB, YC, and YD. YA and YB units are considered to be the most important oil-bearing subunits due to their good petrophysical properties. The main objective of the study is to determine the optimum production rates of four naturally flowing wells in the Faihaa oil field using the Inflow Performance Relationship and Vertical Lifting Performance curves. The study investigates four critical parameters; tubing size, water cut, reservoir pressure, and wellhead pressure, and their impact on well performance. The study finds that wellhead pressure is the primary determinant of well performance, and deviations from the original tubing size have adverse effects on well performance. An increase in water cut beyond the recommended threshold, coupled with a reduction in reservoir pressure, results in decreasing well performance. The study underscores the importance of careful monitoring and analysis of these parameters to sustain and enhance well performance in the Faihaa oil field, providing valuable insights for well operators and petroleum engineers. The study's findings can be used to optimize well performance and increase oil production rates, with significant implications for the petroleum industry.〈/p〉
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Among the most important formations to be deposited during the Tertiary period was the Jeribe Formation. It has been investigated in two wells (Mn-1 and Mn-2) in the eastern Iraqi Dyala Government's Mansuria Oil Field. To identify fauna, 65 thin sections are examined under a microscope. Benthonic Foraminifera and limestone, occasionally dolomitized, make up its composition. There are twenty species of coralline and foraminiferan algae known to science. There were two unique biozones in the range. These biozones are the Ammonia beccria Linne Range Zone (Middle Miocene) and the Borelis melo curdica (Reichel) Range Zone (Early Miocene). The age of the formation was estimated to be Early Middle-Miocene based on these biozones of Foraminifera and other fossils such as gastropods, pelecypods, coral, fossils, Brayozoa, shell fragments, Echinoderm, echinoid plate, and echinoid spine.〈/p〉
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Friction angle (φ) and Cohesion (C) are the most important factors to depict rock's shear strength. The friction angle (φ) expresses a unit of rock's capacity to endure shear stress. For the optimization of drilling operations, monitoring of the reservoir, and production of hydrocarbons, the prediction of friction angle is essential. From laboratory measurements or wireline logging data, this parameter can be empirically predicted. The main goal of this study is to develop a new correlation for predicting friction angle for carbonate formations from well logs using the typically accessible well log data (i.e. neutron porosity, gamma ray, bulk density, and sonic logs) and core data. A total of 5197 well log data points were collected from carbonate formation with depth interval of (1920 m to 2711 m) from Rumaila oil field. For all 5197 data points neutron porosity, and gamma ray logs were recorded as a function of depth, and the corresponding shale volume and total porosity were estimated. In addition to these well log data, 20 data core points with 9 different values of friction angle were collected.〈br〉The developed correlation's estimated friction angle has been contrasted with measured ones. The results show that the new correlation is able to predict the friction angle of carbonate rocks with high accuracy (i.e. R coefficient of the new correlation was 90% and average absolute error of 1.6%).Thus, we conclude that the new correltion can be used to estimate the friction angle for carbonate formation. The new correlation helps in providing continues profile for friction angle with depth and leads to reduce the cost of estimating the rock〈br〉strength.〈/p〉
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉In brownfield sites, two proposed shallow horizontal targets were numerically modelled to mimic variable underground conditions; these targets were sequenced vertically in a different manner. Synthetic 2D electrical resistivity datasets were generated using the RES2DMOD and then inverted by using RES2DINVx64. These targets have different lengths, one with a higher and the second with a lower resistivity value relative to the background resistivity. The effectiveness of dipole-dipole, Wenner, and Wenner-Schlumberger configurations was tested by conducting a qualitative comparison. The inverted resistivity images suggest that the target sequence has a significant effect on the configuration detectability. The high resistivity target was conveniently recognized when it overlies a low resistivity target. Dipole-dipole configuration showed optimum results in recognizing complicated underground conditions.〈/p〉
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Permeability derived from magnetic resonance advanced logging tools was used to unlock the Pliocene sandstone reservoir heterogeneity. Permeability prediction from well logs is a significant target due to the unavailability of core data. The hydraulic flow unit approach is used to classify the reservoir rocks according to their porosity-permeability relationship. The predicted permeability is calculated using Sapphire-Dh magnetic resonance porosity and permeability relationship for each flow unit. Flow Zone Indicator and the quality flow〈br〉unit have a direct proportion relationship. For the model's verification, the predicted permeability is plotted against the measured resonance permeability in Sapphire-Dh as a reference studied well, showing highly matching results. Accordingly, the applied approach is implemented in the other three wells, which have neither core samples nor advanced logs measurements.〈/p〉
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Constructing roads in geologically unstable regions such as northern Morocco poses a major challenge. The Tizi Ouadrene sector, located in the Rif External Nappe of the Rif Belt, exemplifies a significant complexity in this issue, with a risk of landslides threatening the road embankments in this area. This study aims to characterize the frequent Cretaceous shales in the study area and analyze the landslides that have occurred on the road embankments cut into these shales. It examines the role of lithology, geometry, tectonics, human activity, and water in these landslides. The geological structure of slopes and their geometric configuration are crucial factors in determining the occurrence, distribution, and other characteristics of these landslides. Defects are controlled by the relative position of sedimentary and tectonic discontinuities, as well as the relative abundance of indurated shales compared to crushed ones. Crushed shales are susceptible to rotational slides, while the indurated ones are prone to planar and wedge sliding. The latter are mainly associated with bedding planes, particularly those oriented N65-80 with slopes facing south and SSE, as well as NW-SE and NE-SW-trending fractures. Hydrological, tectonic, and anthropogenic factors also contribute to the instability.〈/p〉
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This study deals with the petrography and heavy mineral analysis of the Injana sandstone at Al-Habbaniyah City. Thirteen samples are collected from the Injana Formation. A petrographic study is achieved on ten samples while all samples are analyzed for heavy minerals. The petrographic analysis showed that the common components of the Injana sandstone are rock fragments, especially sedimentary fragments. Quartz grains (monocrystalline and polycrystalline) and feldspars (k-feldspar and plagioclase), bounded by matrix and carbonate cement. The suggested provenance for the Injana Formation is mainly sedimentary and igneous sources and the less dominant metamorphic source. These sandstones are considered to be mineralogically submature-immature and classified as litharenites. Heavy minerals analysis showed two sets of minerals including opaque and transparent minerals, the opaque minerals are significant components of the heavy mineral assemblages, then chlorite, epidotes, amphiboles, garnet, pyroxenes (ortho and clino), zircon, tourmaline, biotite, muscovite, rutile, and others. This assemblage implies that the dense minerals are typically found in basic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with less frequent occurrences in acidic igneous and reworked sediments. According to QLF and QmFLt classifications, the tectonic provenance of the Injana sandstone is described as recycled orogen. The MF-MT-GM classification showed that the sandstone of Injana is derived primarily from active continental margins. The result of maturity MI and ZTR revealed low values of maturity, the MI value ranges between 0.6 to 1.5 with an average of 0.9 and ZTR Maturity ranges between 0.7% and 9% with an average of 3.9%, these low values of maturity indicate sub-mature to immature sandstone.〈/p〉
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This study included conducting a geometric analysis of the reservoir of the proposed Al-Baghdadi Dam in the downstream area of the Haditha City northwestern part of Anbar Governorate. The digital elevation model with an accuracy of 10 × 10 m per pixel area used to extract the geometric elements by the ArcGIS, Global Mapper, and Surfer software, which are included: negative volume (storage volume), positive volume (size of islands), negative surface area (uneven area of the bottom of the reservoir), and area Positive surface (uneven area of islands), negative flat area (water surface area), positive flat area (area of the projection of islands), average depth of reservoir, and average thickness of islands at each hypothetical level from 77.5 to 106 ms and with a contour interval of 0.5 m above sea level. The relationship between the geometric elements and the water level was used to clarify the extent of variation of the values of these elements with the water level fluctuation, and to delineate the area that will be subjected to immersion in the event of the construction of the dam and to determine the optimal and safest operating level. In contrast, it produces less submerged areas and less contact with the rock exposures of the formation in the study area.〈/p〉
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The study area is located in the southern desert of Iraq, near the Al-Salman Depression, about 130 km southwest of Al-Samawa City. The Collection of data of this study depends mainly upon field surveys, sample collection of rocks, soil, plants, and animals besides interviews with locals as well as photographing of interesting aspects. The geodiversity of the study area comprises geological features, geomorphological features, soil types, and water resources. The exposed rocks of study area are composed mainly of carbonate rocks, in addition to marl, sandstone, and claystone, which belong to the Middle member of the Dammam Formation (L. Eocene). The main landforms found near the Al-Salman area are flat terrain, depressions (faidhats), wadis, caves, and sinkholes. Three types of soils were recognized; silty clay, clayey silt, and sandy soils. The main water resources are the ephemeral streams (wadis), and water wells in sinkhole, besides the mechanical and hand-dug wells. Geodiversity features formed many habitats in the study area such as Wadi Al-Owja, depressions (faidhats), flat terrain, and sinkhole. The present study reveals that biodiversity includes a wide diversity of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Some species were restricted to certain habitat types in the study area, while other species proved to be more generalist.〈/p〉
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉One key step when interpreting seismic reflection data is sequence stratigraphy, which has improved with well logs and seismic data. By analyzing the different layers of sediment and rock, we can better understand the geologic history of an area and make more accurate predictions for hydrocarbon exploration. The current research focuses on interpreting seismic lines from the 2D seismic surveys conducted in the Al-Fao area and data from wells in the Siba gas field to construct a stratigraphic model within the Yamama Formation, to identify hydrocarbon traps and determine the most promising zones for hydrocarbon exploration. Yamama Formation is divided into two main units representing transgressive and regressive facies deposited in highstand system tract. Six seismic facies were identified (wavy, mound shape, oblique parallel, sigmoid, chaotic, and parallel), which reflected the deposition of Yamama Formation in a ramp setting with a gentle slope. Instantaneous phase attribute was utilized, which focused on the lateral changes of seismic facies and provided detailed information about the architecture of Yamama Formation depositional basin. The results of the seismic attributes analysis included identifying carbonate buildups and progradation stacking patterns with the presence of direct hydrocarbon indicator. Three main seismic stratigraphic indexes representing potential stratigraphic traps have been identified. These three stratigraphic features reflect the facies of shoal carbonate sediments in the last depositional cycle of Yamama Formation (Highstand). The stratigraphic model showed the best image of the depositional environment of Yamama Formation that corresponds with the seismic data interpretation and identifies the promising hydrocarbon traps.〈/p〉
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉In this study, the stable isotop 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O and 〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H has been used to investigate the interaction of surface water (SW), and groundwater (GW) in Al-Taji district/ Northern Baghdad for two seasons (March and August 2022). 16 Samples were collected from water resources in the Al-Taji district (Tigris channel, Tigris River, and groundwater), in each season water samples from 8 Tigris channel, 5 drilled wells, and 3 Tigris River were taken for the analysis of the isotopes 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O and 〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H. The average analysis results of 〈sup〉18〈/sup〉O and 〈sup〉2〈/sup〉H in the Tigris channel, Tigris River, and groundwater were found to be -3.435‰ and -18.6094‰, -2.07167‰ and -17.81‰, -4.125‰ and -34.707‰ respectively. The results, generally, show a comparable range of isotope content on the Tigris Channel and groundwater (W1 about 1 km from the Tigris Channel). This indicates a mixing/interconnection between groundwater and the Tigris River, and it could be concluded that the wells (W1 and Ch1 and Ch2) near the Tigris channel have been recharged or mixed from them. 〈/p〉
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The study is situated in the Kokoe Region of Central Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi,〈br〉specifically in the southern part of Kabaena Island. Its primary objective is to assess the〈br〉potential of nickel laterite in the designated area. The research methodology involved〈br〉microscopic analysis of bedrock using a polarizing microscope, examining the drilling data,〈br〉including logging descriptions, and the utilising of XRF geochemical analysis (Ni, Fe,〈br〉Al2O3, Co, Mg, and SiO2) from 32 drilling sites. Both elementary grade and laterite profiles〈br〉were visualized using Strater 5 software to simplify the representation of laterite profiles.〈br〉Petrographic analysis divided the bedrock into two lithological units: serpentinized〈br〉lherzolite and serpentinite. The laterite profiles in the study area were classified into four〈br〉types: type A, type B, type C, and type D. Type A profiles consist of bedrock, saprolite, and〈br〉limonite layers, covered by clay and colluvium. Type B profiles lack limonite and instead〈br〉exhibit saprolitic rock and rocky saprolite layers on top of the bedrock. Type C profiles〈br〉comprise bedrock, saprolitic rock, rocky saprolite, limonite, and topsoil layers. Type D〈br〉profiles contain three zones, namely bedrock, colluvium, and clay, but lack limonite and〈br〉saprolite layers. Among the four profile types, type A and type C profiles show promising〈br〉potential due to higher average grades of Ni and thicker saprolite zones compared to the〈br〉type B and the type D profiles.〈/p〉
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉The current research aims to evaluate the hydrogeological characteristics of the water-bearing layers in the study area. Because of the absence of observation wells near the pumping wells, the single pumping test experiment was achieved at seven wells GW1, GW2, GW8, GW9, GW11, GW13, and GW16 distributed in the study area. The pumping test records were analyzed by using Aquifer Test 2016.1 software, which is based on four methods namely, Theis, Hantush, Cooper-Jacob, and Theis recovery. The average values of transmissivity for the upper aquifer in the study area ranged between 13.4 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/ day and 279 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/ day, while the hydraulic conductivity ranged between 0.162 m/day and 4.14 m/day, and the storativity is 0.166 and 0.826. For the lower aquifer the transmissivity is ranged between 11.4 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/ day and 177 m〈sup〉2〈/sup〉/ day, the hydraulic conductivity is 0.214 m/ day and 1.17 m/ day, and the storativity is 0.0791 and 0.99.〈/p〉
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉One of the oil field's main reservoirs is the Mishrif Formation, which is found in the Nasiriyah oilfield in the southern part of Iraq (Late Cenomanian-Early Turonian). It was one of the three oil wells selected for this study. To extract various petrophysical parameters for open wells indicated by gamma ray, density, neutron, self-potential, acoustic, and resistance, a variety of well logs were analyzed. The qualitative interpretation of the logs allowed for the identification of different types of rocks, the boundaries and thicknesses of the strata, the depths of the formation, and the zones that contained water and hydrocarbons. The quantitative interpretation, which assesses the reservoir's attributes by computing its porosity, the quantity and distribution of the shales, the levels of water and oil saturation, and other elements, that are necessary to evaluate the reservoir’s units in the research wells. The features of the study wells and the used logs were reported, to make clear how these features were distributed among the sample wells. The collected petrophysical characteristics were handled and shown as charts. There are two types of units within the Mishrif Formation: reservoir-containing CR-I, MA, CR-II, and MB. In most wells, reservoir units are made up of hard, low-porous rocks that are positioned between highly porous reservoir units. For a few wells, the MA unit had low residual and mobile hydrocarbon percentages, whereas the MB unit had large percentages, while the hard rocks had significant percentages of water saturation.〈/p〉
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉Soil erosion and sediment transport by runoff are among the largest environmental problems threatening agricultural lands in the world. Their often irreversible degradation is a major source of socio-economic imbalance in vulnerable areas. The management and control of soil loss in these areas are essentially based on erosion rate modeling generally using two methods: Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation and Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation. The Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation method results often present outliers' values compared to the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation method. This paper aims to predict and control the MUSLE method values in watersheds based on a database of Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation method values in more than 70 watersheds around the world. For this purpose, Geo-statistical analysis (Simple Linear Regression method) was used to allow the development of a model with a coefficient of determination R〈sup〉2〈/sup〉= 0.96 (validity of 96%) and thus the estimation of the tolerable uncertainties of the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation method by the equation: Y (V_ Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation LE) = 0.76 X (V_RUSLE) + 1.7.〈/p〉
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This research focuses on the study of the physical and chemical properties of red clay found〈br〉in the Injana and Fatha Formations. The aim is to establish correlations among various〈br〉physical and chemical elements using geographic information system (GIS), remote sensing,〈br〉and a regression analysis model. Laboratory analysis, including X-ray diffraction, was〈br〉conducted to determine the properties of the clay, as well as nonclay minerals. Statistical〈br〉Package for the Social Sciences software was utilized for regression analysis to determine〈br〉property correlations. Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 images were employed to establish〈br〉relationships between digital numbers and soil properties. The study revealed that the dry〈br〉density of the Fatha Formation was lower than that of the Injana Formation. Silt content was〈br〉highest among all samples, ranging from 28% to 93%. The Fatha Formation exhibited a high〈br〉gypsum rate due to the presence of gypsum layers. Strong positive correlations were observed〈br〉between gypsum and sulfate, as well as between electrical conductivity and total soluble salt.〈br〉Multiple linear regression analysis was appropriate for clay properties, with regression〈br〉coefficients ranging from 0.6 to 0.72. Nonlinear regression yielded better results than linear〈br〉regression, with high regression coefficients. Landsat images proved valuable for obtaining〈br〉data in remote or expansive areas. The association between clay characteristics and Landsat〈br〉8 provided superior results compared to Landsat 7.〈/p〉
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2024
    Description: 〈p〉This is the first time that radiological assessment achieved in the Baghdad International Airport (BIA) in Iraq. Twenty-three sites were sampled from upper 5 cm of the surface soil within the BIA to be analyzed for the radioactivity of natural radionuclides Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 and the artificial radionuclide, Cs-137 using gamma spectroscopy based on Hyper pure Germanium detector (HPGe). Ten samples out of the 23 samples were analyzed for U-238, U-235 using the Neutron Activation Analysis method. To determine the percentage of DU [DU (%)] which is calculated from the 〈sup〉235〈/sup〉U/〈sup〉238〈/sup〉U isotope ratio. The study showed that there is a possibility of slight contamination with depleted uranium in two sites out of the 23 sites that were examined. The average activities of Ra-226, Th-232, and K-40 in the study area are within the limits of world averages, while there are evidences that new feeding of Cs-137 in the region, reaches about 19 Bq/kg, from the new global fallout after Chernobyl accident. The measured and calculated absorbed doses in the study area were within international limits and no need for farther monitoring. Annual effective dose equivalent due to resuspension of Ra-226 is estimated to be 1.0E-10Sv, and this value is negligible compared with 1 mSv permissible value for public recommended by ICRP.〈/p〉
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  • 58
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    Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 15(1), ISSN: 2041-1723
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: Antarctic coastal waters are home to several established or proposed Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) supporting exceptional biodiversity. Despite being threatened by anthropogenic climate change, uncertainties remain surrounding the future ocean acidification (OA) of these waters. Here we present 21st-century projections of OA in Antarctic MPAs under four emission scenarios using a high-resolution ocean–sea ice–biogeochemistry model with realistic ice-shelf geometry. By 2100, we project pH declines of up to 0.36 (total scale) for the top 200 m. Vigorous vertical mixing of anthropogenic carbon produces severe OA throughout the water column in coastal waters of proposed and existing MPAs. Consequently, end-of-century aragonite undersaturation is ubiquitous under the three highest emission scenarios. Given the cumulative threat to marine ecosystems by environmental change and activities such as fishing, our findings call for strong emission-mitigation efforts and further management strategies to reduce pressures on ecosystems, such as the continuation and expansion of Antarctic MPAs.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: The historical archive of global ocean subsurface temperature contains a large proportion of poorly quality-controlled as well as biased data. As a result, efforts to analyze past ocean change and variability are confounded, as is the use of ocean data assimilation systems. Currently many data centers perform automated ‘quick and dirty QC’ – redoing the same job poorly many times around the world. There have been no previous efforts to form a clean and definitive and very much needed historical archive. No single group has the manpower and resources to do the job properly – thus international cooperation is needed. The IQuOD 6thh Workshop goals are to: 1. Obtain agreement for the AutoQC process for application to the next product version. 2. Plan for the next IQuOD product: what will it consist of and what do we need to complete to get to the next release.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanographic instruments ; ASFA_2015::I::In situ temperature ; ASFA_2015::T::Temperature profiles ; ASFA_2015::Q::Quality control ; ASFA_2015::S::Subsurface water ; ASFA_2015::C::Conductivity-temperature-depth observations ; ASFA_2015::S::Salinity profiles ; ASFA_2015::X::XBTs ; ASFA_2015::M::Mechanical bathythermographs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 37pp.
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2024-01-06
    Description: The historical archive of global ocean subsurface temperature contains a large proportion of poorly quality-controlled as well as biased data. As a result, efforts to analyze past ocean change and variability are confounded, as is the use of ocean data assimilation systems. Currently many data centers perform automated ‘quick and dirty QC’ – redoing the same job poorly many times around the world. There have been no previous efforts to form a clean and definitive and very much needed historical archive. No single group has the manpower and resources to do the job properly – thus international cooperation is needed. The IQuOD 7th Workshop goals are to: 1. Ratify new co-Chairs. 2. Review work achieved so far. 3. Review IQuOD structure. 4. Plan for tasks for the coming 12-24 months.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanographic instruments ; ASFA_2015::I::In situ temperature ; ASFA_2015::T::Temperature profiles ; ASFA_2015::Q::Quality control ; ASFA_2015::S::Subsurface water ; ASFA_2015::C::Conductivity-temperature-depth observations ; ASFA_2015::S::Salinity profiles ; ASFA_2015::X::XBTs ; ASFA_2015::M::Mechanical bathythermographs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 34pp.
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2024-01-05
    Description: The historical archive of global ocean subsurface temperature contains a large proportion of poorly quality-controlled as well as biased data. As a result, efforts to analyze past ocean change and variability are confounded, as is the use of ocean data assimilation systems. Currently many data centers perform automated ‘quick and dirty QC’ – redoing the same job poorly many times around the world. There have been no previous efforts to form a clean and definitive and very much needed historical archive. No single group has the manpower and resources to do the job properly – thus international cooperation is needed. The IQuOD 5th Workshop goals are to: provide an overview of what has been completed as part of IQuOD interim product v0.1 and discuss what went well and what could be improved (e.g., integrity checks, traceability, roadblocks, etc) • To review/discuss task teams plans beyond v0.1 and workout a draft plan/timeline (to note roadblocks and resources required to overcome them) • To start planning for training/outreach activities • To plan for dissemination/feedback strategies for IQuOD datasets/related products.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: 5th CLIVAR GSOP IQuOD ; 3rd IODE SG-IQuOD ; 2nd SCOR WG 148 ; ASFA_2015::O::Oceanographic instruments ; ASFA_2015::I::In situ temperature ; ASFA_2015::T::Temperature profiles ; ASFA_2015::Q::Quality control ; ASFA_2015::S::Subsurface water ; ASFA_2015::C::Conductivity-temperature-depth observations ; ASFA_2015::S::Salinity profiles ; ASFA_2015::X::XBTs ; ASFA_2015::M::Mechanical bathythermographs
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 73pp.
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Under Indian legislation, i.e. various state Marine Fishing (Regulation) Act (MFRAs), small-scale traditional fishers are granted exclusive rights to near-shore marine waters, ostensibly to protect their rights and livelihoods. However, failures in implementation, management and monitoring of these exclusive small-scale artisanal fishing zones (SFZs), has hampered the holistic actualization of these protections. Establishing secure tenure rights to marine and coastal spaces and resources can be considered sine qua non for equity and justice. It is essential to rejuvenate existing mechanisms and bolster them through the principles of human rights and the SSF Guidelines to protect and support small-scale fisheries in our future.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: India ; Andhra Pradesh ; Tenure Rights ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Artisanal Fisheries ; Vulnerability ; Fishing Communities ; Fishermen ; Livelihoods ; Fishing Rights ; Fisheries Legislation ; Fishing Rights ; Access Rights ; Small-scale Artisanal Fishing Zones (SFZs) ; Human Rights ; SSF Guidelines ; Marine Fisheries ; Coastal Communities ; Poverty ; Sustainable Use ; Social Development ; Small-scale Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 82p.
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  • 63
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The incessant noise over ‘Blue Economy’ and ‘Blue Growth’ leaves artisanal and small-scale fishers dazed and confused. This report works through that confusion. It draws on scholarship from the trenches and the research centres across ten Latin American countries. From extensive interviews, policy reviews, analyses of finances and online datasets. In granular detail, it examines how Blue Growth affects artisanal fishers and their need for equity and justice. Through the baffling shades of blue—conflicts, priorities, the politics of managing our coasts and seas—this report finds clear light. It lays down the agenda for fishworkers and organizations working for them.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Latin America ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Coastal States ; Artisanal Fisheries ; Equity ; Fishworkers ; Brazil ; Chile ; Peru ; Ecuador ; Colombia ; Panama ; Costa Rica ; Nicaragua ; Honduras ; Guatemala ; ICSF ; Small-scale Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 125p.
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: High-latitude ionospheric plasma constitutes a very complex environment, which is characterized by turbulent dynamics in the presence of different ion species. The turbulent plasma motion produces statistical features of both electromagnetic and velocity fields, which have been broadly studied over the years. In this work, we use electric field high-resolution observations provided by the China-Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite-01 in order to investigate the properties of plasma turbulence within the Earth’s polar cap. We adopt a model of turbulence in which the fluctuations of the electric field are assimilated to a stochastic process evolving throughout the scales, and we show that such a process (i) satisfies the Markov condition (ii) can be modeled as a continuous diffusion process. These observations enable us to use a Fokker–Planck equation to model the changes in the statistics of turbulent fluctuations throughout the scales. In this context, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed approach in modeling plasma electric field fluctuations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1466
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: polar ionosphere ; electric field turbulence ; Markov processes ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The study investigates the influence of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) orientation on loss of lock (LoL) events in GPS signals. We analyzed LoLs recorded on two Swarm satellites between July 2014 and December 2021, examining how the signs of the IMF $B_x$, $B_y$, and $B_z$ components affect the distribution of events at high latitudes. Our results reveal an asymmetric distribution of LoL events over 75° magnetic latitude. In the Northern hemisphere, more events occur in the post-noon sector with negative IMF $B_y$, and in the pre-noon sector with positive IMF $B_y$. Conversely, in the Southern hemisphere, pre-noon events increase with negative IMF $B_y$, while post-noon events increase with positive IMF $B_y$. At lower latitudes (50°-75°), IMF $B_y$ does not significantly affect the event distribution, which mainly concentrates in the night sector for both hemispheres. Additionally, we found a connection between IMF $B_y$ and $B_x$, primarily due to the IMF spiral structure. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of the SuperDARN data-driven model of ionospheric convection patterns, which shows that LoL events frequently cluster in the cusp region, as well as the area where the two convection cells separate.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023JA031411
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: GPS Loss of Lock ; Interplanetary Magnetic Field ; Ionosphere ; Swarm satellites ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Previous studies have shown that solar wind, a plasma medium with turbulent dynamics, exhibits anomalous scaling features, i.e., intermittency, in the inertial domain. This intermittent nature has primarily been investigated through the study of the scaling features of the structure functions of single quantities. We use a novel approach based on joint multifractal analysis in this study to simultaneously investigate the scaling characteristics of both the magnetic field and the plasma velocity in solar wind turbulence. Specifically, we focus on the joint multifractal behavior of magnetic and velocity field fluctuations in both fast and slow solar wind streams observed by the ESA-Ulysses satellite, with the goal of identifying any differences in their joint multifractal characteristics.
    Description: Published
    Description: 748
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: multifractal analysis ; solar wind ; turbulence ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: “Pressure and time.” A momentous quote in a compelling movie from a few decades ago interestingly pointed at some of the ingredients that contributed to shaping the Earth. The movie set off from how to seep through masses that appeared just too vast to be shakable or vulnerable – if not by deciphering their inner core. The planetary size and time frame of the Earth may have elicited a perception of a durable, unbuckling living environment – just because “pressure and time” to really affect it would have been out of human reach – supposedly. However, the Earth and environmental sciences have long striven to alert contemporary societies that this is just not the case, as humans have been well exerting scattered yet ubiquitous, planetary-scale pressure over a relatively brief time – with consequential, durable effects. Rising global population, long-term migration shifts of continental extents – due to risks, climate, resources – and unpredicted factors – from vulnerabilities to instabilities – pressure on the environment (natural and built) in unprecedented scale throughout human history. The Earth sciences were born out of deciphering ancient life forms teeming in an aboriginal environment, unfolding on a planet that could be explained only by looking at the Solar system – and at the inception of the Universe. Cross-disciplinary by nature, the Earth and environmental sciences offer crucial tools to gauge location, economic turnout, and societal costs of those very resources and fragilities. They also are pivotal co-actors of intellectual stewardship bridging the gulf with sister disciplines well beyond the remits of the physical sciences. From economics to philosophy, and from history to literature, multiple, diverse and concurring threats call for resourceful, multi-faceted mind- and skill-sets where no single hazard may be really treated apart – not on societal terms. Adapting a famous statement from the 20th century, evolution in a time of poly-crises, multiple hazards, and accrued vulnerabilities is not going to be a dinner party for contemporary societies – especially as they dwell a world perceived as increasingly richer in risks and poorer in resources, with a growing population and across instabilities. Human Earth sciences offer a bridge towards our collective future – as societies, continents, planets.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Francisco USA
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Keywords: Global change ; Climate change ; Complexity ; Earth system ; 05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Back-arc basins (BABs) are associated with plate margins where crustal shortening, seafloor spreading, and volcanism coexist. The Vavilov basin (Tyrrhenian Sea) is a Pliocene BAB associated with the Apennine-Tyrrhenian Sea subduction system and characterized by mantle exhumation. The NNE-SSW elongated Vavilov seamount represents the easternmost and younger spreading ridge of the Vavilov basin. Here we present results of a morphological and magnetic study of the Vavilov seamount. Our results show that the seamount represents the last stage of the eastward asymmetric opening of the BAB. Its plumbing system consists of a dike swarm emplaced during the reversed Matuyama epoch and a younger shallow reservoir feeding the central and eastern sectors during the normal Brunhes epoch. This evolution is associated with the progressive loading of the edifice due to lava flow emplacement. The asymmetry of the seamount mirrors the asymmetric opening of the Vavilov back-arc basin.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2023GL105196
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Several empirical formulations used over time to estimate the fundamental ionospheric parameter hmF2 have been compared in this study. These are the first formulation proposed by Shimazaki (1955) (SHI-1955) as a function of the propagation parameter M(3000)F2, the more accurate BSE-1979 formula proposed by Bilitza et al. (1979) and firstly adopted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, and the newest Altadill-Magdaleno-Torta-Blanch (AMTB-2013) (Altadill et al., 2013) and SHU-2015 (Shubin, 2015) models, obtained with a different approach with no explicit dependence on any ionospheric parameter and added as alternative options in the IRI-2016. The evaluation of the accuracy of the available formulation is performed by comparing the modeled values of hmF2 with those simultaneously obtained with independent measurements from the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) installed at the Millstone Hill ionospheric station. The database considered consists of 3626 measurements, thus allowing the evaluation of the results for different heliogeophysical conditions. SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 formulations are evaluated also using input data manually scaled from ionograms recorded at the same location, with the aim of evaluating their accuracy when updated with validated data rather than modeled ones. The SHU-2015 is confirmed the best option in any condition, while AMTB-2013 turns out to perform poorly during night, when SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 fed by validated data can be used for trend analyses due to the high correlation with ISR data. Despite this, BSE-1979 performs better with modeled parameters as input, in terms of RMSE and mean deviation from ISR data. The use of SHI-1955 with CCIR-modeled M(3000)F2 is discouraged under daytime conditions even for long trend analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3202-3211
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: hmF2 ; IRI-2020 ; ISR ; Ionosonde ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Arctic climate is influenced by the interaction of shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation with the atmosphere and the surface. The comprehensive evolution of the Surface Radiative Fluxes (SRF) on different time scales is of paramount importance to understanding the complex mechanisms governing the Arctic climate. However, only a few sites located in the Arctic region provide long-term time series of SRF allowing for capturing the seasonality of atmospheric and surface parameters and carrying out validation of satellite products and/or reanalyses. This paper presents the daily and monthly SRF record collected at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO, 76.5° N, 68.8° W), in North-Western Greenland. The downwelling components of the SW (DSI) and the LW (DLI) irradiances have been measured at THAAO since 2009, while the collection of the upwelling SW (USI) and LW (ULI) irradiance was started in 2016, together with additional measurements, such as e.g., meteorological parameters and column water vapour. The datasets of DSI (Meloni et al., 2022a; https://doi.org/10.13127/thaao/dsi), USI (Meloni et al., 2022b; https://doi.org/10.13127/thaao/usi), DLI (Meloni et al., 2022c; https://doi.org/10.13127/thaao/dli), ULI (Meloni et al., 2022d; https://doi.org/10.13127/thaao/uli), and near surface air temperature (Muscari et al., 2018; https://doi.org/10.13127/thaao/met), can be accessed through the THAAO web site (https://www.thuleatmos-it.it/data). DSI is absent (solar zenith angle≥90°) from 29 October to 13 February, assuming maxima in June (monthly mean of 277.0 Wm-2), when it is about half of the total incoming irradiance. The USI maximum occurs in May (132.4 Wm-2) due to the combination of moderately high DSI values and high albedo. The shortwave surface albedo (A) assumes an average of 0.16 during summer, when the surface is free of snow. Differently, during months of snow-covered surface, when solar radiation allows estimating A, its values are greater than 0.6. A large interannual variability is observed in May and September, months characterized by rapidly changing surface conditions, which appear to be linked with air temperature anomalies. DLI and ULI maxima occur in July and August, and minima in February and March. ULI is always larger than DLI and shows a wider annual cycle. ULI is well described by a fourth-order polynomial fit to the air temperature (R2〉0.99 for monthly data and R2〉0.97 for daily data). The surface radiation budget (SRB) is positive from April to August, when absorption of solar radiation exceeds the infrared net cooling, with a maximum value of 153.2 Wm-2 in June. From November to February, during the polar night, the LW net flux varies between -34.5 and -43.0 Wm-2. In March and September, the negative LW net flux overcomes the positive SW contribution, producing a negative SRB. THAAO measurements show clear evidence of the influence of several regional weather/climate events, which appear strongly linked with SRF anomalies. These anomalies are found for example during summer 2012, when a large ice melting event took place over Greenland, and during winter 2019–2020, extraordinarily cold in the Arctic region.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In this paper, we provide a characterisation of the ionosphere from April 2018 to September 2022 for 48 investigated months. We used the data of the China Seismo Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES-01), which is a sun-synchronous satellite with five days of revisit time and fixed local time of about 2 a.m. and 2 p.m. The unique orbit of CSES-01 permitted us to produce a monthly background of the ionosphere for night- and daytime with median values acquired during geomagnetic quiet time in equatorial and mid-latitude regions (i.e., between 50° S and 50° N of geographical latitude). We compared the obtained CSES-01 monthly median values with the solar activity in terms of sunspot numbers, and we found a high correlation of 0.89 for nighttime and 0.85 for daytime between the mean sunspot number and the maximum of the characterised CSES-01 Ne map values. In addition, we extracted all the anomalous positive increases in CSES-01 electron density and compared them with the Worldwide M5.5+ shallow earthquakes. We tested two different definitions of anomaly based on median and interquartile range or (mild) outliers. We tried two relationships between anomalies inside Dobrovolsky’s area before the earthquake and the magnitude of the same seismic events: one which considers distance in space and time and a second which only uses the anticipation time of the anomaly before the earthquake. Using both anomaly definitions, we searched the best coefficients for these two laws for mid-latitude and equational regions. We found that the best coefficients are independent of the anomaly definition, but better accuracy (greater than 80%) is obtained for the outlier definition. Finally, using receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves, we show that CSES-01 increases seem statistically correlated to the incoming seismic activity.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1527
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CSES ; electron density ; earthquake ; ionosphere ; satellite background ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Experimental data are publicly available here: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/f78bmhr628/1
    Description: Temperature is a major source of inaccuracy in high-sensitivity accelerometers and gravimeters. Active thermal control systems require power and may not be ideal in some contexts such as airborne or spaceborne applications. We propose a solution that relies on multiple thermometers placed within the accelerometer to measure temperature and thermal gradient variations. Machine Learning algorithms are used to relate the temperatures to their effect on the accelerometer readings. However, obtaining labeled data for training these algorithms can be difficult. Therefore, we also developed a training platform capable of replicating temperature variations in a laboratory setting. Our experiments revealed that thermal gradients had a significant effect on accelerometer readings, emphasizing the importance of multiple thermometers. The proposed method was experimentally tested and revealed a great potential to be extended to other sources of inaccuracy, such as rotations, as well as to other types of measuring systems, such as magnetometers or gyroscopes.
    Description: This work was funded by “Regione Lazio” (Italy) with European Regional Development Fund (Italy, Lazio) through the call “Gruppi di Ricerca 2020 (POR FESR LAZIO 2014 – 2020), project number: A0375-2020-36674
    Description: Published
    Description: 114090
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gravimeter ; gravimetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165367
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The ionosphere has distinctive characteristics under different solar and geomagnetic conditions, as well as throughout the seasons, and has a direct impact on our technological life in terms of radio communication and satellite navigation systems. In the pursuit of developing highly accurate ionospheric models and/or improving existing ones, understanding the various physical mechanisms that influence electron density dynamics is critical. In this study, we apply the Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEMD) method to the electron density distribution in the mid-to-high latitude (above 50 ° magnetic latitude) regions in order to identify the dominant scales at which these mechanisms operate. The data were collected by the Swarm mission in the Northern Hemisphere. MEMD allows us to separate the main intrinsic modes and assess their relative contributions to the original one, thereby identifying the most important modes and the spatial scales at which they exert influence. Our study spanned the period from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021, which was characterized by low solar activity levels. This choice allowed for a more focused investigation of other variables influencing electron density distribution under similar solar activity conditions. We specifically examined the variations of the resulting modes in relation to different seasons and geomagnetic activity conditions, providing valuable insights into the complex behavior of the ionosphere in response to various external factors.
    Description: Published
    Description: 4550
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition ; High-Latitude ionosphere ; Electron density ; Swarm satellites ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.06. Methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Ionospheric irregularities are plasma density variations that occur at various altitudes and latitudes and whose size ranges from a few meters to a few hundred kilometers. They can have a negative impact on the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), on their positioning accuracy and even cause a signal loss of lock (LoL), a phenomenon for which GNSS receivers can no longer track the satellites' signal. Nowadays, the study of plasma density irregularities is important because many of the crucial infrastructures of our society rely on the efficient operation of these positioning systems. It was recently discovered that, of all possible ionospheric plasma density fluctuations, those in a turbulent state and characterized by extremely high values of the Rate Of change of the electron Density Index appear to be associated with the occurrence of LoL events. The spatial distributions of this class of fluctuations at mid and high latitudes are reconstructed for the first time using data collected on Swarm satellites between July 15th, 2014 and December 31st, 2021, emphasizing their dependence on solar activity, geomagnetic conditions, and season. The results unequivocally show that the identified class of plasma fluctuations exhibits spatio-temporal behaviours similar to those of LoL events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 9287
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Turbulence ; Swarm constellation ; GPS Loss of Lock ; 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: A new method to define a background for the ionospheric electron density (Ne) is proposed, making use of mid-latitude measurements under different solar conditions from the Langmuir Probes onboard CHAMP and three identical Swarm satellites. In particular, CHAMP measurements during the years 2004 and 2009, and Swarm observations during 2016 and 2017 have been considered in the 15°-wide latitudinal belt from 35°N to 50°N, and from 0° to 360° in longitude. CHAMP/Swarm in-situ Ne measurements have been then used to check and compare this new defined background with the one computed directly from IRI-2016 Ne output at satellite altitude. The distributions of the relative deviations between the two backgrounds, and of positive and negative anomalies (i.e., Ne variations from each background greater than 30%) with respect to the geomagnetic activity levels have been evaluated under each investigated condition, namely year/satellite, season, night-time or noon hours. Results of this comparison highlight a general overestimation of Ne from IRI during noon hours, while a better agreement between the two backgrounds is found during night-time. However, an underestimation of IRI with respect to Swarm-derived background is found for 2017 data. Finally, the analysis of 2004 plasma data suggests that the IRI-2016 model can be used as a background during periods characterized by high levels of geomagnetic activity. Due to the difficulties to construct a background for satellite data, the proposed method can be considered an useful tool for analyses of electron density variations at the heights of the satellites in Low Earth Orbits (LEO).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1183-1195
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Ground-based high resolution observations of downward longwave irradiance (DLI), surface air temperature, water vapour surface partial pressure and column amount, zenith sky infrared (IR) radiance in the atmospheric window, and all-sky camera images are regularly obtained at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO, 76.5° N, 68.8° W), North-West Greenland. The datasets for the years 2017 and 2018 have been used to assess the performance of different empirical formulas to infer clear sky DLI. An algorithm to identify clear sky observations has been developed, based on value, variability, and persistence of zenith sky IR radiance. Seventeen different formulas to estimate DLI have been tested against the THAAO dataset, using the originally determined coefficients. The formulas which combine information on total column water vapour and surface air temperature appear to perform better than others, with a mean bias with respect to the measured DLI smaller than 1 W/m2 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) around 6 W/m2. Some formulas, specifically developed for the Arctic, are found to produce poor statistical results; this is attributed partly to limitations in the originally used dataset, which does not cover a whole year, or is relative to very specific conditions (i.e., the ice sheet). The bias displays a significant improvement when the coefficients of the different formulas are calculated using the THAAO dataset. The presence of two full years of data allows the investigation of the inter-annual variability, and the use of different years for the determination of the coefficients and the evaluation of results. The smallest values of the bias and RMSE reach 0.1 W/m2 and 5 W/m2, respectively. Overall, best results are found for formulas which use both surface parameters and total water vapour column, and have been developed from global datasets. Conversely, formulas which express the atmospheric emissivity as a linear function of the logarithm of the column integrated water vapour appear to poorly reproduce the observations at THAAO.
    Description: In press
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Campo Felice basin, in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy), developed in the hangingwall of a 30 km-long system of NW-trending normal faults with Holocene paleoseismic activity and potential sources of M 6–7 earthquakes. We provide the first subsurface images of a key portion of the basin bounded by the Mt. Cefalone fault along two intersecting profiles trending NNE-SSW (CF-Dip, 1195 m-long) and WNW-ESE (CF-Strike, 1315-m long). We combined high-resolution depth-migrated reflection sections with P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomography models. CF-Dip profile displays a wedge-like syn-tectonic sedimentary sequence of alluvial and glacial deposits with Vp ∼ 2500–3000 m/s and resistivity 〉 500 Ωm in the hangingwall of Mt. Cefalone fault, overlying a high-Vp (〉4000 m/s) limestone bedrock ∼ 300 m deep. The whole sequence displays reflectors truncated by the Mt. Cefalone fault zone and subsidiary antithetic faults. CF-Strike profile, tied to three 80–110 m-deep boreholes, shows a thick fluvio-lacustrine sequence with low-Vp (〈2000 m/s) and low resistivity (〈100 Ωm), and a bedrock that deepens to the southeast (〉450 m). Single-station ambient noise measurements display Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios with peaks at ∼1 Hz, decreasing to ∼0.8 Hz to the southeast in agreement with the bedrock deepening indicated by seismic profiling. According to our results, the Campo Felice basin is a deep asymmetric half-graben controlled by faulting whose activity likely started before the Middle Pleistocene. Our minimum displacement estimate accrued in the past 0.5 Ma by the Mt. Cefalone fault is in the range of ∼100–250 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230170
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
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  • 79
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    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Springer, 24 p., pp. 281-304, ISBN: 9783031455537
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Calving of iceberg at ice shelves and floating glacier tongues is a poorly understood process, hence a physically motivated calving law is not yet existing. The demands on developing appropriate models for calving is large, as calving rates are needed for large scale ice sheet models that simulate the evolution of ice sheets. Here, we present a new approach for simulating fracture in ice. Our model is based on a finite strain theory for a viscoelastic Maxwell material, as the large simulation time leads to high strains. The fracturing process is simulated using a fracture phase field model that takes into account the elastic strain energy. We conduct simulations for a typical calving front geometry, with ice rises governing the formation of cracks. To represent the stress state adequately, we first conduct a spin-up to allow the viscous contribution to develop before the fracture phase field is computed. The analysis comprises the assessment of the crack path in comparison to observations, the influence of the spin-up, as well as elastic versus viscous strain contributions based on Hencky strain. Additionally, an estimate of released energy based on high resolution optical imagery of a Greenlandic calving front is presented.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The blue jack mackerel, Trachuruspicturatus, is a commercially important resource in the Mediterranean Sea and the North-East Atlantic. The main aim of this work was to assess the infection levels and diversity of the ectoparasites of the blue jack mackerel.Over a one-year period, between March 2017 and February 2018, 126 specimens of T. picturatuswere collected seasonally from the Bizerte coast (Tunisia). The ectoparasite fauna of the examined host was composed ofthe two monogenean species, Pseudaxinetrachuriand Gastrocotyletrachuriand a copepod species,Peniculusfistula fistula. This is the first record of thiscopepod parasite inTunisia. The analysis revealed that the infection levels fluctuated throughout the year. Both monogeneans (P. trachuriand G. trachuri) had high prevalences during the warm season (P%=87.1, P%= 32.3, respectively). Additionally, P. trachurishowed some seasonal variations in mean abundance and mean intensity between summer and the other seasons. Furthermore, there was a highly significant variation in the mean abundance of G. trachuribetween the summer and autumn-winter seasons. The resultsof the current study may be explained by the seasonal variations in environmental conditions, the life cycles of the hosts and parasites, the feeding and migratory patterns of the hosts, the chemicals released by the hosts, and the interspecific competition between the two monogenean species.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Trachurus picturatus ; seasonal variability ; parasitological indices
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 59-68
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: On July 2021, one specimens of Alopias superciliosus Lowe,1841 was captured as bycatch in Kelibia (Tunisia) at the following coordinate 36°30’740” N; 11°48’451” E, by a trawler at 400 m depth. It was a mature male of 350 cm total length and 159 kg in eviscerated weight. This represents the first record of the bigeye thresher shark in the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Elasmobranchii ; Records ; Alopias superciliosus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 86-93
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Biological invasions are widely acknowledged as a serious threat to biodiversity, but the role of parasites in marine ecosystem processes is still poorly understood. The so-called Lessepsian migration, or invasions through the Suez Canal from the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea, also fits this description. Here, we studied the parasitofauna of Fistularia commersonii collected from the Gulf of Gabès of Tunisia. 43 individuals of F. commersonii were sampled from the Gulf of Gabès. Parasite richness, prevalence and intensity were investigated, Additionally, we reviewed the literature to identify native and invasive parasite species recorded. Our results suggest the co-introduction of nine parasite species that are assumed to be originate from the Red Sea. In addition, we found that the invasive fish has acquired nineteen parasite species that are native from the Mediterranean Sea. The Lessepsian migrant may potentially change the dynamics of native and invasive parasite-host interactions through parasite co-introduction and parasite acquisition, according to these results. The higher F. commersonii infection rates in the area that has been invaded are also consistent with the predictions made by the "Enemy Release Hypothesis." These results show the importance of using community studies, such as the one described here, to understand the role of parasites in Lessepsian migration.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Metazoan parasites ; Lessepsian migration ; Fistularia commersonii
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 69-78
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: This study employs a multimethod approach to investigate the sediment distribution in two pocket beaches, Ramla Beach and Mellieha S Beach, in Malta. Both study sites were digitally reconstructed using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. For each case, an ERT and a dense network of ambient seismic noise measurements processed through a horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) technique were acquired. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) analysis enables the estimation of sediment thickness in each beach. HVSR analysis revealed peaks related to beach sediments overlying limestone rocks in both sites and also indicated a deeper stratigraphic contact in Mellieha S Beach. Based on ERT measurements, sediment thickness is calculated for each HVSR measurement. Interpolation of results allows for bedrock surface modelling in each case study, and when combined with digital terrain models (DTMs) derived from photogrammetric models, sediment volumes are estimated for each site. The geometry of this surface is analyzed from a geological perspective, showing structural control of sediment distribution due to a normal fault in Mellieha S Beach and stratigraphic control facilitated by a highly erodible surface in Ramla Beach. The results emphasize the importance of adopting a three-dimensional perspective in coastal studies for precise sediment volume characterization and a deeper understanding of pocket beach dynamics. This practical multimethod approach presented here offers valuable tools for future coastal research and effective coastal management, facilitating informed decision making amidst the growing vulnerability of coastal zones to climate change impacts.
    Description: This work was partially supported by the project Satellite Investigation to study POcket BEach Dynamics (SIPOBED, SRF-2021-2S1, PI: Sebastiano D’Amico),the project Multi-disciplinary monitoring system for a resilient management of coastal areas (REMACO) funded by the INTERREG V A–Italy-Malta Capitalization Programme, the INGV Project “Ricerca 703 Libera” BR2019.23 (“Unveiling silent faults in low strain-rates regions through the integration 704 of high-resolution geophysical and seismological analyses” P.I. Fabio Villani), and by the Internationalisation Partnership & Awards Scheme Plus (IPAS+) supported by the Malta Council for Science and Technology through the project “Near-surface geophysics and geomatic applied to coastal systems” (IPAS-2022-020).
    Description: Published
    Description: 40
    Description: OSA4: Ambiente marino, fascia costiera ed Oceanografia operativa
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio; seismic ambient noise; pocket beach; Malta; near-surface geophysics; electrical resistivity tomography; photogrammetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: This study investigates crustal accretion processes along the northern stretch of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) between the Charlie Gibbs (52°-53°N) and Bight (57°N) transforms. These long-lived transform systems, active for more than 40 Ma, bound a ~ 550 km-long MAR segment influenced to the South by the Azores and to the North by the Iceland mantle plumes. The Bight transform is located at the tip of the Reykjanes Ridge, where the spreading direction, influenced by the southward propagation of the Iceland plume, changes from oblique (30° to the axis) to perpendicular to the axis. Four hundred kilometres to the south, the MAR is offset by the Charlie Gibbs transform system consisting of two long-lived right-lateral transform faults linked by a short ~ 40 km-long spreading segment. Previous expeditions surveyed large areas of these two transform systems, defining their main morphological features. Based on these bathymetric data, Expedition V53 of the R/V A.S. Vavilov carried out an intense dredging program coupled with magnetic surveys in an area spanning from 57° to 52°N, covering both the Bight and the Charlie Gibbs transform systems. We collected 1850 kg of rock samples including limestones, basalts, gabbros and mantle peridotites from 27 dredging sites, along with two 6-m long sedimentary cores. The sampled lithologies are globally in agreement with the contrasting morphological features of the two transform faults. We discuss here and compare the geology of these two major transform systems and assess the influence of the Icelandic plume on seafloor morphology at the Bight Fracture Zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: 13-30
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Site effects refer to the modification of ground shaking caused by the local geological con- ditions that can result in the strong amplification of ground motion. The best-known cause for site effects is the presence of superficial soft soil deposits, which are considered in seismic design codes of many countries through the use of scaling factors. Rock sites are assumed to show no local site amplification. However, even at rock sites, seismic waves can be locally amplified at frequencies of engineering interest, with larger motion along one site-specific azimuth on the horizontal plane (the so called “directional site resonance or amplification”). These effects have been related to the pres- ence of large-scale open cracks or microcracks in different geological environments (faults, land- slides, volcanic areas) everywhere with a common signature: maximum amplification occurs trans- verse to the predominant fracture strike. In this paper, we summarize our main results obtained in the last decade with regard to several fault zones with different kinematics, where ground motion is polarized (and amplified) perpendicularly to the predominant fracture field as an effect of the stiffness anisotropy. In order to give a further constraint, we also show some cases where the direc- tional amplification effects were compared with the S-wave splitting analysis method.
    Description: Published
    Description: 6060
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Radio frequency (RF) signals transmitted by Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) are exploited as signals of opportunity in many scientific activities, ranging from sensing waterways and humidity of the terrain to the monitoring of the ionosphere. The latter can be pursued by processing the GNSS signals through dedicated ground-based monitoring equipment, such as the GNSS Ionospheric Scintillation and Total Electron Content Monitoring (GISTM) receivers. Nonetheless, GNSS signals are susceptible to intentional or unintentional RF interferences (RFIs), which may alter the calculation of the scintillation indices, thus compromising the quality of the scientific data and the reliability of the derived space weather monitoring products. Upon the observation of anomalous scintillation indices computed by a GISTM receiver in the Mediterranean area, the study presents the results of the analysis and characterization of a deliberate, unclassified interferer acting on the L1/E1 GNSS signal bands, observed and captured through an experimental, software-defined radio setup. This article also highlights the adverse impacts of the interferer on the amplitude scintillation indices employed in scientific investigations, and presents a methodology to discriminate among regular and corrupted scintillation data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 8230 - 8248
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) ; Radio Frequency Interferences ; Ionospheric Monitoring ; Ionospheric Scintillation ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: A common practice of seismology is to analyze earthquake occurrence in terms of events catalogues, with the aim to either find useful correlations between internal mechanisms under study and their outcome in the spatial/temporal series of the events or, more directly, to assess some statistical rules from observations. With this approach, catalogues are often searched for some recognizable patterns or behaviors: in this work we present a software tool created to reveal a particular kind of events sequences. The idea follows from the concept of multiplets, a well known events pattern often found in seismic series. A multiplet is defined as a sequence of events, all near in space and time and exhibiting similar magnitudes. The amount of multiplets in seismic series is related, as it is for other clustering mechanisms, to underlying correlations in the physics of the events. The software, built from scratch, scans seismic catalogues in search of events clustered as “multiplets”: this is done through the thorough application of comparison tests whose parameters thresholds are both user defined and semi-automated. The tool is however more “general” in the sense that by varying values of the filtering parameters it can reveal other kind of patterns too. While we think that this tool can be thought as a general purpose space–time series analyzer, we have found it particularly useful when applied to the results of a seismic simulator with the purpose of assessing their adherence with the observed seismicity. It can be used as a sort of metric to quantify the simulation predictions effectiveness in terms of presence of similar multiplets distributions in simulated vs. real catalogues. The software has been entirely developed in the Wolfram Language (Mathematica), a commercial powerful environment for scientific calculus and results report, but the main computational routine has been also ported to python for open-source, copyleft usage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105496
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic multiple events ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: Understanding whether fractures and faults impact the CO2 migration through the overburden is critical in the evaluation and monitoring of CO2 geological storage sites. We present a numerical model and workflow to describe the hydraulic behaviour of a fault located in the shallow part of the overburden. This helps to evaluate the sealing potential of the system in case of unwanted CO2 migration toward the surface and to design an efficient monitoring plan. The model configuration is representative of several experiments performed at real sites under quite shallow conditions (50–500 m). The model results, applied to a selected fault outcropping in the Apennines (Italy), show that most of the gas migrates through the high permeable footwall damage zone. A significant amount of gas then dissolves into the water, emphasizing the importance of accurate modelling to assess the hazard of CO2 leakage into near-surface aquifers or to the surface. The occurrence of pressure buildup close to the fault core points out that detailed modelling of the migration conditions is required to predict gas path through a fault zone.
    Description: Published
    Description: petgeo2022092
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: We present the first high-resolution ultrashallow seismic image of a normal fault segment that ruptured the surface during the Mw 6.5 2016 Norcia earthquake (central Italy). This is the only fault, in the entire activated 25 km-long system, cutting a thick succession of Quaternary deposits, with an associated 3-m-high cumulative scarp. A 190-m-long profile crossing the fault was acquired and analyzed combining reflection seismic, non-linear multiscale refraction P-wave tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves. The joint interpretation of the seismic reflection, P- and S-wave velocity images unravels a 100-m-thick sequence of sandy-gravel alluvial fans, disrupted by a main normal fault zone, named as Valle delle Fonti fault (Vf1), which branches upward into three splays. The eastern splay of Vf1 matches with the 2016 coseismic surface rupture. Near-surface truncated reflections and growth strata in the hanging wall of the western and intermediate splays attest to their activity in Late Pleistocene-Holocene times. We also detect an additional normal fault in the footwall of Vf1, probably inactive since the Late Pleistocene. Comparing the seismic images with the Poisson's coefficient model and with the results of a previous electrical resistivity tomography, we constrain the lithology and the hydraulic behavior of the uppermost 50 m of the fault. A steep, W-dipping zone with high-Vp, very high Poisson's coefficient and low resistivity correlates with the eastern splay of Valle delle Fonti fault and unravels a water-saturated region. These results suggest that the fault zone may act as a partial barrier for horizontal fluid flow. Our findings indicate that the active fault zone detected by seismic imaging is much wider than what previously estimated from surface geological analyses. In terms of surface faulting hazard, this study confirms the effectiveness of high-resolution seismic surveys in defining the geometry and physical properties of active fault zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229733
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: We analyze the interplay between hydrology, deformation and seismicity in the Matese massif, located in the Italian Southern Apennines. We find that this area is characterized by the concurrent action of two hydrologically-driven processes: the first is the deformation detected by GNSS data in the shallowest part (above the elevation of the major springs) of the Earth crust, in phase with the hydrological forcing; the second is the triggering of seismicity at depth with a delay suggesting a downward diffusive process. We study the first process by applying a Principal Component Analysis to the GNSS displacements time series, aiming to identify a common signal describing the largest data variance. We find that the maximum horizontal displacements associated with the first principal component (PC1) are larger than 1 cm in two GNSS sites and the PC1 temporal evolution is well correlated and in phase with the flow of the largest spring of the region, which we consider as proxy of the water content of the massif. This suggests that the main source of horizontal deformation is the water content fluctuations in the shallow portion of the Matese aquifer, in particular within fractures located in correspondence of the main mapped faults. The deformation rates caused by this process are one order of magnitude larger than the tectonic ones. Finally, we infer the second process by observing the correlation between the background seismicity and the spring discharge with a time lag of 121 days. In our interpretation, downward diffusive processes, driven by aquifer water content variations, propagate pore pressure waves that affect the faults strength favoring the occurrence of micro-earthquakes. This is supported by the values of hydraulic diffusivity (1.5 m^2/s) and rock permeability (3.2-3.8⋅10^−13 m^2), which are compatible with what is observed in karstified limestones.
    Description: In press
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: The Tonga-Kermadec subduction zone represents one of the most active areas from both seismic and volcanic points of view. Recently, two planetary-scale geophysical events took place there: the 2019 M7.2 earthquake (EQ) with the epicentre in Kermadec Islands (New Zealand) and the astonishing 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai (HTHH) volcano. Based on the Lithosphere-Atmosphere- Ionosphere Coupling (LAIC) models, we analysed the three geolayers with a multiparametric approach to detect any effect on the occasion of the two events, through a comparison aimed at identifying the physics processes that interested phenomena of different nature but in the same tectonic context. For the lithosphere, we conducted a seismic analysis of the sequence culminating with themain shock in Kermadec Islands and the sequence of EQs preceding the HTHH volcanic eruption, in both cases considering the magnitude attributed to the released energy in the lithosphere within the respective Dobrovolsky area. Moving to the above atmosphere, the attention was focused on the parameters—gases, temperature, pressure—possibly influenced by the preparation or the occurrence of the events. Finally, the ionosphere was examined by means of ground and satellite observations, including also magnetic and electric field, finding some interesting anomalous signals in both case studies, in a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. The joint study of the effects seen before, during and after the two events enabled us to clarify the LAIC in this complex context. The observed similarities in the effects of the two geophysical events can be explained by their slightly different manifestations of releasing substantial energy resulting from a shared geodynamic origin. This origin arises from the thermodynamic interplay between a rigid lithosphere and a softer asthenosphere within the Kermadec-Tonga subduction zone, which forms the underlying tectonic context.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1267411
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 2019 Kermadec Islands earthquake ; 2022 Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai eruption ; LAIC models ; Swarm satellites ; CSES-01 satellite ; Kermadec-Tonga subduction area ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: In this paper we present the new high-resolution magnetic anomaly map of the La Fossa Caldera system and Lipari island (Southern Italy), obtained by merging two low-altitude aeromagnetic surveys. In these islands a variegated ensemble of magnetic anomalies develops in the north-south direction. The La Fossa Caldera is characterized by very high-intensity and short-wavelength magnetic anomalies, related to mafic intrusive/effusive sources, mainly aligned along the NNW-SSE and NS faults. Instead, the Lipari island is characterized by lower intensity anomalies related to sources with more evolved chemistry, elongated in the NE-SW, NNE-SSW and EW of the subordinate faults. Both the two sets of structures belong to the Tindari-Letojanni strike slip fault-system, a regional lineament along which the southern side of the Aeolian Archipelago is emplaced. The study identifies three distinctive magnetic zones on the Lipari island: the southern, the central, and the north-western ones. The southern zone is characterized by negative magnetic monopoles in correspondence with the younger rhyolitic domes and a Curie Isotherm upwelling. The central part of the island has an average lower intensity of positive anomalies, corresponding to the less evolved products of the intermediate Lipari volcanic epochs. The north-western side is characterized by higher intensity anomalies related to older volcanic epochs. The interplay among strike-slip tectonics, chemistry of the uprising magmas, and the thermal setting has contributed to the overall anomaly pattern in this sector of the Aeolian Archipelago. This interpretation is supported by the application of digital enhancement to the total intensity magnetic anomaly field and by the spatial correlation analysis of the magnetic and volcano-tectonic features. The obtained insights are useful to better understand the relationship between arc volcanism and tectonics. Moreover, they can also outline new inferences to forecast future eruptions of the active La Fossa volcanic system. In fact, recent unrest signals were registered at La Fossa Cone, which is one of the present-day active volcanoes of the Aeolian Archipelago, along with Stromboli island.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107823
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Aeolian Archipelago ; Magnetic anomalies ; Strike slip Tectonics ; 04.05. Geomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Striving to mitigate climate change, the European Union has adopted net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as a target for 2050. In this paper, European chemical industry roadmaps from the past six years are assessed and compared to uncover how the industry envisions its role in the transition to net-zero emissions. The roadmaps are assessed in terms of ambition level, technology and feedstock strategies, investment needs and costs, agency and dependency on other actors, as well as timeline and concretion. Although net-zero pathways are often drawn out in the roadmaps, some also choose to emphasize and argue for less ambitious pathways with emission reductions of only 40-60 %. The roadmaps vary widely in terms of the importance they assign to mechanical and chemical recycling, switching to biogenic carbon and carbon dioxide as feedstock, electrification and hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage. A commonality though, is that low-tech or near-term mitigation pathways such as demand reduction, reuse or material efficiency are seldom included. High investment needs are generally highlighted, as well as the need for policy to create enabling conditions, whereas the agency and responsibility of the chemical industry itself is downplayed. Our analysis highlights that the chemical industry does not yet have a strong and shared vision for pathways to net-zero emissions. We conclude that such a future vision would benefit from taking a whole value chain approach including demand-side options and consideration of scope 3 emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The results of the stock assessments of the European anchovy and European sprat, exploited by the Russian Federation in the Black Sea exclusively or predominantly, are presented. Based on the results of production modeling in 2022, the biomass value of the “Azov Sea” anchovy stock unit was in the buffer zone, between the target and limit biological reference points (Btr=BMSY=123.3 thousand tons, Blim=61.6 thousand tons); the time of stock recovery to the target level is 4 years. The fishing mortality rate (annual fishing loss, F) in 2022 is estimated to be F2022=0.20, which is lower than the biological reference point (Ftr=0.23). The estimation based on the lampara net surveys is more favorable: spawning stock biomass (exploitable) SSB2022 exceeded Btr calculated using Ricker’s “stock–recruitment” relationship by 19 %. The Azov Sea stock of the European anchovy has been characterized as “showing the evidence for recovery under heavy exploitation; subjected to the environmental effects”. In the 2022/2023 fishing season, fishing operations on the Black Sea stock of the European anchovy were mostly absent due to the state-imposed limitation in the Northwestern Black Sea and the western waters along the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC). The biomass of the “Black Sea” anchovy stock unit in 2022, based on the results of JABBA trend modeling in “catch-only” representation, has been estimated as B2022=22.5 thousand tons, which is 3 % lower than the target reference point Btr=BMSY=23.2 thousand tons. The ratio between the current fishing mortality and its biological reference point was F2022/FMSY=0.467, which is indicative of its low exploitation. The catch composition of the European sprat in 2022–2023 was characterized by the prevalence of the 2+ and 3+ age classes (71–87 % by abundance). Based on XSA, in 2022, the spawning stock biomass (exploitable biomass) SSB2022 was 67.2 thousand tons, the recruitment was 56 billion ind., and the fishing mortality was F2022=0.29. The spawning stock biomass was in the buffer zone between the limit and target biological reference points by the biomass (SSB2022/SSBtr=1.433, SSB2022/SSBtr=0.841), while the fishing mortality was considerably lower than its biological reference point (F/F0.1=0.479). In 2022, the current Black Sea stocks of anchovy and sprat were officially characterized as “declining, little exploited”, with the possibility for underestimation of their biomass.
    Description: Представлены результаты оценки запасов хамсы и шпрота, эксплуатируемых Российской Федерацией исключительно или преимущественно в Черном море. В соответствии с результатами продукционного моделирования в 2022 г. значение биомассы «азовской» единицы запаса хамсы находилось в буферной зоне, между целевым и граничным биологическими ориентирами (Btr=BMSY=123,3 тыс. т, Blim=61,6 тыс. т), время восстановления запаса до целевого уровня составляет 4 года. Промысловая смертность (годовая промысловая убыль, F) в 2022 г. оценена на уровне F2022=0,20, что ниже биологического ориентира (Ftr=0,23). Оценка на базе лампарного учета более оптимистична: нерестовая (промысловая) биомасса SSB2022 на 19 % превысила Btr, найденный по зависимости Рикера «запас–пополнение». Запас азовской хамсы охарактеризован как «проявляющий признаки восстановления в условиях интенсивной эксплуатации, подверженный воздействию среды обитания». В путину 2022/2023 гг. промысел черноморской хамсы из-за административных ограничений в северо-западном районе и западных участках Южного берега Крыма (ЮБК) получил слабое развитие. Биомасса «черноморской» единицы запаса хамсы в 2022 г. по результатам трендового моделирования на JABBA в представлении «catch-only» оценена в B2022=22,5 тыс. т, что на 3 % ниже значения целевого ориентира Btr=BMSY=23,2 тыс. т. Отношение текущей промысловой смертности к своему биологическому ориентиру равнялось F2022/FMSY=0,467, что свидетельствовало о низком уровне эксплуатации. Структура промысловых уловов шпрота в 2022–2023 гг. характеризовалась преобладанием возрастных групп 2+ и 3+ (71–87 % по численности). Согласно XSA, в 2022 г. биомасса нерестового (промыслового) запаса SSB2022 составила 67,2 тыс. т, пополнение — 56 млрд экз., промысловая смертность F2022=0,29. Биомасса нерестового запаса находилась в буферной зоне между граничным и целевым биологическим ориентиром по биомассе (SSB2022/SSBtr=1,433, SSB2022/SSBtr=0,841) при промысловой смертности существенно ниже уровня своего биологического ориентира (F/F0.1=0,479). В 2022 г. текущие запасы черноморской хамсы и шпрота формально охарактеризованы как «убывающие, слабо эксплуатируемые», с признаками вероятной недооценки их биомассы.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Stock unit ; Biomass ; Biological reference points ; Единица запаса ; Биомасса ; European sprat ; European anchovy ; Fishing mortality rate ; Stock–recruitment relationship ; Catch composition ; Spawning stock biomass ; Хамса ; Шпрот (килька) ; ASFA_2015::S::Stock assessment ; ASFA_2015::F::Fishing mortality ; ASFA_2015::R::Recruitment ; ASFA_2015::C::Clupeoid fisheries ; ASFA_2015::A::Anchovy fisheries ; ASFA_2015::P::Population structure
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.9-27
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: Une campagne d’évaluation des petits pélagiques par acoustique ALPEL2018 a été menée le long de la côte algérienne par le Centre National de Recherche et de Développement de la Pêche et de l’Aquaculture (CNRDPA) entre décembre 2018 et février 2019 avec le navire de recherche BELKACEM GRINE. Cette campagne s’inscrit dans le cadre des activités de l’équipe ECOPEL de la Division de Recherche « Pêche » relatives à l’évaluation des stocks de petits pélagiques. L’objectif de cette campagne est d’utiliser les techniques d’écho-intégration combinées à des chalutages pélagiques pour estimer des indices instantanés de biomasse et d’abondance de neuf espèces cibles de petits pélagiques. La campagne ALPEL2018 a révélé une biomasse totale de 154 362 tonnes. La sardinelle (Sardinella aurita) est l’espèce la plus abondante avec 35% de la biomasse totale suivie du Chinchard méditerranéen (Trachurus mediterraneus), de la sardine (Sardina pilchardus) et de l’anchois (Engraulis encrasicolus) avec respectivement 23%, 16% et 14%. Le chinchard commun (Trachurus trachurus) et la bogue (Boops boops) sont faiblement représentés avec respectivement 9% et 3%. L’évaluation des stocks de T. picturatus et S. scombrus et S. japonicus n’a pas été effectuée en raison de leurs faibles présences dans les pêches d’identification.
    Description: An acoustic survey was conducted along the algerian coast by the National Centre for Research and Development of Fisheries and Aquaculture (CNRDPA) between December 2018 and February 2019 with the research vessel BELKACEM GRINE. This survey is part of the activities of the ECOPEL team of the "Fisheries" Research Division relating to the assessment of small pelagic stocks. The aim of this survey is to use echo-integration technics combined with pelagic trawls in order to estimate instantaneous indices of biomass and abundance for nine small pelagic target species. ALPEL2018 survey revealed a total biomass of 154 362 tons. Round sardinella is the most abundant species with 35% of the total biomass followed by the Mediterranean horse mackerel, sardine and anchovy with 23%, 16% and 14% respectively. The horse mackerel and the bogue are weakly represented with respectively 9% and 3%. T. picturatus, S. scombrus and S. japonicus stocks were not evaluated due to their low presence in the pelagic trawl hauls.
    Description: Références bibliographiques, Figures, Tableau.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: petits pélagiques ; acoustique ; biomasse ; abondance ; côte algérienne ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass ; ASFA_2015::A::Acoustics ; ASFA_2015::S::Stock assessment ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine fish ; ASFA_2015::P::Pelagic fish ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: Sandy barriers are coastal features formed and reworked by terrestrial and marine-induced processes along decadal to millenary scale periods. In the semi-arid areas along the extended North African coast, these coastal landscapes are undergoing accelerated morphodynamical changes induced by intensifying anthropogenic and climate drivers in the last century. To quantify the latter, we assess the changes in sediment dynamics of the Ghar El Melh sandy barrier extended over the northern part of the Gulf of Tunis in Tunisia using sedimentological analysis and quantification of the aeolian flux. A total of 37 subsurface samples and 30 surface aeolian trapped ones were collected at the coastal dunes of Ghar El Melh. Our sedimentological analysis reveals a distribution of 97% of sandy sediments and 3% of silty facies. The modal statistical analysis suggests that there are three distinguishable sediment types with 87% of samples formed by fine sands with modal value of 0.16 mm. The mixture of these indicates mixed terrigenous and marine sources redistributed by the hydrodynamic processes. The measurement of the aeolian flow suggests a maximum value of 0.0022 kg.m.-1min-1 which occurs in dust storms. This study reveals the low detrital sand supplies to the lagoon-sea barrier of Ghar El Melh, results in its gradual submersion, further exposing the coastal lagoon and engendering severe ecological degradations.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Mediterranean ; Sand banks ; Sedimentation ; Coastal erosion ; Eolian dust ; submerged shorelines
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: 37-48 pp
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The dynamics of lipid content in the body of anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) at various stages of its life cycle has been analyzed for the time range from 2020 to 2022. This article indicates that the content of constructive and energy-bearing substances in the anchovy body is discernibly dependent on the fish’s age: the lipid content in fingerlings is lower than in older individuals. Based on the analysis of the inter-seasonal dynamics of the lipid content in the anchovy body, it has been identified that the lowest lipid content is typical for this fish in April, and the highest lipid content is observed in October. The analysis of the inter-annual dynamics of the lipid content in the anchovy body at the end of its feeding period has shown that, for the last three years, there has been a trend towards a gradual increase in the content of lipids to 16–18 %.
    Description: Проведен анализ динамики содержания липидов в теле хамсы (Engraulis encrasicolus) в различные периоды ее жизненного цикла с 2020 по 2022 г. В статье показано, что разница в содержании энергопластических веществ в теле хамсы четко прослеживается в зависимости от возраста рыб: у сеголеток количество липидов ниже, чем у старшевозрастных особей. На основе анализа межсезонной динамики содержания липидов в теле хамсы установлено, что минимум содержания липидов характерен для рыб в апреле, а максимум — в октябре. Анализ межгодовой динамики содержания липидов в теле хамсы в конце нагульного периода показал, что в последние три года наблюдается тренд на постепенное увеличение их количества до уровня 16–18 %.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Age ; Seasonal dynamics ; Life cycle ; Возраст ; Сезонная динамика ; Жизненный цикл ; Engraulis encrasicolus maeoticus Pusanov, 1926 ; Азовская хамса ; Европейский анчоус ; ASFA_2015::L::Lipids ; ASFA_2015::S::Seasonal changes ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish physiology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.28-35
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: Variability in the yield of the Azov Sea tyulka (Azov Sea stocks of the Black Sea–Caspian sprat) generations affected by the environmental changes in 1993–2022 has been estimated. Stock assessments of the ichthyoplankton have been conducted in the Azov Sea in June for more than 50 years. Evaluation of the fingerling abundance is carried out in the course of the surveys with lampara nets in August. During the survey period, considerable environmental changes attributable to natural and anthropogenic factors have been identified; they heavily influence the yield of the Azov Sea tyulka generations.
    Description: Дана оценка колебаний урожайности поколений тюльки в связи с изменениями условий обитания в период 1993–2022 гг. Исследования по оценке численности ихтиопланктона проводятся в Азовском море в июне более 50 лет. Учет численности сеголеток осуществляется в учетной лампарной съемке в августе. В течение анализируемого периода выявлено, что произошли значительные изменения условий, вызванные природными и антропогенными факторами, которые определяют урожайность поколений тюльки.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Black Sea–Caspian sprat ; Учет численности ; Азовская тюлька ; Сельдевые ; Выклюнувшиеся личинки ; Mnemiopsis leidyi ; Beroe ovata ; Aurelia aurita ; Rhizostoma pulmo ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish larvae ; ASFA_2015::F::Fingerlings ; ASFA_2015::S::Surrounding nets ; ASFA_2015::Y::Yield predictions ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance ; ASFA_2015::S::Salinity effects ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.36-40
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: The Proletarsky Reservoir located in the Kuma–Manych Depression is a water body that is highly important for the fisheries in the Southern Russia. Its western part is the most economically valuable, which necessitates the investigation of its zooplankton serving as a food source for the larvae and planktivorous fish. This work presents the results of investigation of the zooplankton community in this area during fish spawning campaign in the spring seasons of 2021–2022. In spring, the zooplankton was represented by 4 groups of organisms (30 species), which include rotifers, copepods, cladocerans, and meroplankton. Among them, the copepods were the most diverse, with the species of Cyclopoida suborder being the most prevalent. The rotifers were the most abundant, comprising 67 % of the total zooplankton abundance. The cladocerans comprised the major part of the zooplankton biomass; their share in the total biomass consistently remained at 79 %. The total biomass of the zooplankton exceeded 300 mg/m3, which is sufficient to provide the planktivorous fish species and their larvae with a food source.
    Description: Пролетарское водохранилище, расположенное в Кумо-Манычской впадине, является важным водным рыбохозяйственным объектом юга России. Западный участок водохранилища имеет наибольшее рыбохозяйственное значение, что обуславливает актуальность исследования зоопланктона, являющегося кормовой базой личинок и планктоноядных рыб. В работе представлены результаты изучения в весенние сезоны 2021–2022 гг. зоопланктонного сообщества на этой акватории в период нереста рыб. Зоопланктон весной был представлен 4 группами организмов (30 видов), которые включают коловраток, веслоногих и ветвистоусых ракообразных, меропланктон. Наиболее разнообразны веслоногие ракообразные, среди которых доминировали представители п/отр. Cyclopoida. Коловратки характеризовались высокой численностью, составляющей более 67 % общего количества зоопланктеров. Основу биомассы зоопланктона формировали веслоногие ракообразные, доля которых в общей биомассе стабильно соответствовала 79 %. Общая биомасса зоопланктона составляла более 300 мг/м3, что является хорошим уровнем кормовой базы для планктоноядных рыб и их личинок.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Численность ; Биомасса ; Видовое разнообразие ; Зоопланктон ; Кормовая база ; Cyclopoida ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::P::Population abundance (in number) ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass ; ASFA_2015::S::Species diversity ; ASFA_2015::F::Fish food organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.206-209
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2024-01-10
    Description: This work presents quantitative data collected in the course of zander and roach artificial reproduction in the hatcheries of the Krasnodar Territory in 2023. Based on the surveys, 4.68 t of roach and 17.5 t of zander entered the reservoirs of Yeysk Experimental Hatchery for spawning. For the first time during the long-term observations, young individuals of low reproductive quality prevailed in the roach spawning stock. During the downstream migration, roach juveniles were absent in catches, and zander juveniles occurred very sporadically, which indicates their increased loss during all stages of early ontogenesis. The data collected in Beysug Hatchery gives evidence of 2.484 t of roach and 2.557 t of zander entering its reservoirs for spawning. In June–July, during the downstream migration, 16.48 million ind. of roach juveniles, which weight ranged from 0.3 to 1.2 g, were recorded; for zander juveniles these values were 0.140 million ind. and 0.91–1.53 g. The downstream migration of juveniles continued in August. At the floodgate of East-Akhtarsk Hatchery, the monitoring of breeders recorded 0.457 t of roach and 0.088 t of zander. The breeders were of low reproductive quality. Based on quantitative evaluation, the reproduction yield in the East-Akhtarsk Hatchery reservoir was 153.4 million ind. of roach (weight ranging from 0.3 to 0.96 g) and 102.25 million ind. of zander (weight 1.28–2.07 g). The monitoring of breeders entering the limans of Chernoerkovsk Hatchery recorded 8.0 t of roach and 12.85 t of zander. Chernorkovsk Hatchery showed the highest results: 426.32 million ind. of roach juveniles (weight 0.3–0.9 g) and 218.16 million ind. of zander juveniles (weight 0.47–3.37 g). Analysis of the obtained data has shown that low reproductive efficiency of both roach and zander is indicative for almost all investigated reservoirs of the hatcheries.
    Description: В работе приводятся материалы, характеризующие количественные показатели искусственного воспроизводства судака и тарани в нерестово-выростных хозяйствах Краснодарского края в 2023 г. По учетным данным на нерест в водоемы Ейского ЭХРВР зашло 4,68 т тарани и 17,5 т судака. Впервые за ряд лет наблюдений в нерестовом стаде тарани преобладали младшевозрастные особи с низкими рыбоводными показателями. В период ската молодь тарани в уловах отсутствовала, а молодь судака встречалась единично, что свидетельствует о повышенном отходе молоди на всех этапах раннего онтогенеза. По данным Бейсугского НВХ на нерест в водоемы было пропущено 2,484 т тарани и 2,557 т судака. При скате молоди в июне–июле было учтено 16,48 млн экз. молоди тарани массой 0,3–1,2 г и 0,140 млн экз. молоди судака массой 0,91– 1,53 г, в августе скат молоди продолжался. При мониторинге захода производителей на шлюзе Восточно-Ахтарского НВХ было учтено 0,457 т тарани и 0,088 т судака. Производители характеризовались низкими рыбоводными показателями. По итогам бонитировочного учета объемы воспроизводства в водоемах ВАНВХ составили 153,4 млн экз. тарани массой 0,3–0,96 г и 102,25 млн экз. судака массой 1,28–2,07 г. При мониторинге захода производителей в лиманы ЧНВХ было учтено 8,0 т тарани и 12,85 т судака. На Черноерковском НВХ получены самые высокие результаты, всего было учтено 426,32 млн экз. молоди тарани массой 0,3–0,9 г и 218,16 млн экз. судака массой 0,47–3,37 г. Анализ полученных материалов свидетельствует о том, что практически во всех исследуемых водоемах НВХ отмечается низкая эффективность воспроизводства молоди тарани и судака.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Нерестово-выростное хозяйство ; Молодь судака ; Молодь тарани ; Эффективность воспроизводства ; Sander lucioperca (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Rutilus rutilus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Производители ; Yeysk Experimental Hatchery ; Chernoerkovsk Hatchery ; East-Akhtarsk Hatchery ; ASFA_2015::R::Reproduction ; ASFA_2015::J::Juveniles ; ASFA_2015::E::Efficiency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.210-215
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