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  • Articles  (39)
  • 1
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers (ICSF) | India
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The incessant noise over ‘Blue Economy’ and ‘Blue Growth’ leaves artisanal and small-scale fishers dazed and confused. This report works through that confusion. It draws on scholarship from the trenches and the research centres across ten Latin American countries. From extensive interviews, policy reviews, analyses of finances and online datasets. In granular detail, it examines how Blue Growth affects artisanal fishers and their need for equity and justice. Through the baffling shades of blue—conflicts, priorities, the politics of managing our coasts and seas—this report finds clear light. It lays down the agenda for fishworkers and organizations working for them.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Latin America ; Small-scale Fisheries ; Coastal States ; Artisanal Fisheries ; Equity ; Fishworkers ; Brazil ; Chile ; Peru ; Ecuador ; Colombia ; Panama ; Costa Rica ; Nicaragua ; Honduras ; Guatemala ; ICSF ; Small-scale Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 125p.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-10-05
    Description: Este documento de trabajo examina los vínculos entre el aprendizaje de la alfabetización, el desarrollo de competencias y el mundo del trabajo, en línea con el tema del Día Internacional de la Alfabetización (ILD, por sus siglas en inglés) 2018. Su objetivo es identificar acciones de política que ayudan a integrar el aprendizaje de la alfabetización y el desarrollo de competencias, con el objetivo de apoyar las vías hacia el empleo.
    Description: OPENASFA INPUT Documento de trabajo preparado para la Conferencia Internacional sobre “Alfabetización y desarrollo de competencias” (París, 7 de septiembre de 2018)
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Desarrollo de competencias ; Alfabetización ; Educación ; Desempleo ; Igualdad de género
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 20pp.
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  • 3
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    International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20833 | 25 | 2016-07-01 02:51:38 | 20833 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-07-12
    Description: This research develops four case studies on small-scale fisheries in Central America located within indigenous territories. The ngöbe Bugle Conte Burica Territory in the south of Costa Rica, the Garífuna territory in nueva Armenia Honduras, the Rama territory in Nicaragua and the ngöbe Bugle territory in Bocas del Toro, Panamá. This is one of the first studies focusing on indigenous territories, artisanal fisheries and SSF guidelines. The cases are a first approach to discussing and analyzing relevant social and human rights issues related to conservation of marine resources and fisheries management in these territories. The cases discussed between other issues of interest, the relationships between marine protected areas under different governance models and issues related to the strengthening of the small-scale fisheries of these indigenous populations and marine fishing territories. They highlight sustainability, governance, land tenure and access to fishing resources, gender, traditional knowledge importance and new challenges as climate change.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Conservation ; Fisheries ; ICSF ; Central America ; case studies ; governance ; small scale fisheries ; marine resouces ; sustainable management ; indigenous people ; Costa Rica ; Panama ; VGSSF ; Honduras ; Nicaragua ; artisanal fisheries ; fisheries management ; conservation ; land tenure and use
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 58
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  • 4
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    The International Collective in Support of Fishworkers | Chennai, India
    In:  icsf@icsf.net | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21204 | 25 | 2017-03-21 10:36:44 | 21204 | International Collective in Support of Fishworkers
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The aim of this work is to develop a case study in the indigenous community of Rama Rama Cay in the Autonomous Region of the Southern Caribbean (RACS) of Nicaragua; to provide a broader understanding of the issues of relevance, social, human rights, management and conservation of small-scale fisheries: traditional, artisanal and subsistence; technical and policy for political and economic decisions in the Central America.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Nicaragua ; indigenous community ; Rama Cay Coast ; Caribbean ; case study ; small-scale fisheries ; traditional fisheries ; artisanal fisheries ; conservation ; human rights ; Centra America
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 18
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  • 5
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    Villegas Editores | Bogotá D.C., Colombia
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: Es un intento por resolver preguntas, algunas preguntas. Es un empeño por iniciar un debate y un juicio crítico a ese pasado desconocido en su integralidad y sólo vislumbrado con sesgo por quienes lo vivieron. Es un ensayo con rigor documental y formato académico que espera estimular e l hallazgo de errores, aciertos y perfiles humanos que moldearon lo que hoy tenernos. Es un eslabón escrito en esa gran cadena de acontecimientos sucesivos que se pierden en la memoria y el tiempo. Es un primer paso por traer esos momentos, a quienes vivimos momentos que serán leídos en el futuro, ojalá impresos. Entrevistas, discusiones con protagonistas, lecturas, bibliotecas donde el mar es una referencia y 110 una razón de ser, viajes, interpretaciones de un comentario de alguien que fue presente y realidad, crítica aguda de un pensamiento o una orden que cambió el destino de un ser humano o una institución. Horas eternas de intentos. giros de una hélice que estuvo parada, de velas al pairo de una nave que nunca dio marcha atrás. Un universo demasiado grande para describir, pero unas páginas que ayudan a entenderlo.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Expedición científica ; Educación ; Comercio ; Buque de investigación ; Autoridad ; Investigación oceanográfica ; Boya ; Gobierno ; ASFA_2015::E::Expeditions ; ASFA_2015::S::Scientific research ; ASFA_2015::H::Historical account ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine transportation ; ASFA_2015::E::Education
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 175pp.
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  • 6
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    Villegas Editores | Bogotá D.C.
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: El propósito es mostrar lo que no se ha mostrado. Un mundo acuático de contrastes. La tarea inédita que llena de orgullo a quienes tenemos el privilegio de servir dentro del Ministerio de Defensa y la Armada Nacional en Dimar, con un norte claro y un trazado de navegación que se construye día a día con el aporte de todos. Ese país marítimo de realidades y la nación que encuentra en los ríos y en los mares todo un mundo de oportunidades.
    Description: Published
    Description: Not Known
    Keywords: Expedición científica ; Educación ; Comercio ; Buque de investigación ; Autoridad ; Investigación oceanográfica ; Boya ; Gobierno ; ASFA_2015::R::Research vessels ; ASFA_2015::M::Maritime structures ; ASFA_2015::O::Oceanographic institutions ; ASFA_2015::P::Ports
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings
    Format: 223pp.
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  • 7
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    Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit , University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1081 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:09:46 | 1081 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The purpose of this initial phase was to expand our previous work on marine turtles onthe Caribbean coast of Nicaragua. This was done through the establishment of a collaborativeprogram with the Miskitu Indians to reduce the uncontrolled take of marine turtles in this region.We initiated activities for a multi-year program that will include research, training, andeducational activities involving three Miskitu Indian Communities located in the IndigenousCommunities and Miskito Cays Biosphere Reserve (ICMCBR). (5 page document)
    Description: Research Work Order no. 171
    Keywords: Conservation ; Biology ; Nicaragua ; sea turtles ; Miskitu Indians ; harvesting ; Miskito Cays Biosphere Reserve (ICMCBR)
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 8
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    Villegas Editores | Bogotá, D. C., Colombia
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El propósito es mostrar lo que no se ha mostrado. Un mundo acuático de contrastes. La tarea inédita que llena de orgullo a quienes tenemos el privilegio de servir dentro del Ministerio de Defensa y la Armada Nacional en Dimar, con un norte claro y un trazado de navegación que se construye día a día con el aporte de todos. Ese país marítimo de realidades y la nación que encuentra en los ríos y en los mares todo un mundo de oportunidades.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Expedición científica ; Educación ; Comercio ; Buque de investigación ; Autoridad ; Investigación oceanográfica ; Boya ; ASFA_2015::C::Commerce ; ASFA_2015::S::Site investigation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Book/Monograph/Conference Proceedings , Not Known
    Format: 223pp.
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2016-01-28
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, Lizzie -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Jan 15;351(6270):220-3. doi: 10.1126/science.351.6270.220.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26816361" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; Disasters/*prevention & control ; *Lakes ; Nicaragua ; *Water Supply
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laursen, Lucas -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 1;517(7532):7-8. doi: 10.1038/517007a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25557696" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caribbean Region ; Ecology/*trends ; *Environment ; Environmental Policy/*trends ; Nicaragua ; Pacific Ocean ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2015-01-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huete-Perez, Jorge A -- Meyer, Axel -- Alvarez, Pedro J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Jan 23;347(6220):355. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa6998.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jorge A. Huete-Perez is vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of Nicaragua and a professor at the University of Central America, Managua, Nicaragua. jorgehuete@uca-cbm.org. ; Axel Meyer is a profesor in the Department of Biology at the University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany. Axel.Meyer@uni-konstanz.de. ; Pedro J. Alvarez is the George R. Brown Professor and Chair of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA. alvarez@rice.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25613867" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Construction Industry ; Humans ; Nicaragua
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 12
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    In:  Blumea - Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants (0006-5196) vol.59 (2015) nr.3 p.180
    Publication Date: 2015-10-27
    Description: Specklinia lugduno-batavae from the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica is formally described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the Specklinia digitalis group and can be recognised by the creeping habit, purple spotted abaxial surface of the leaf and the almost immaculate whitish cream flowers, which are produced in succession on a very short, flexuous inflorescence. The name honours Leiden University and the Hortus botanicus Leiden. The novelty is compared with its closest relatives, Specklinia digitalis, S. pisinna and S. succulenta.
    Keywords: Costa Rica ; Nicaragua ; Specklinia digitalis ; Specklinia lugduno-batavae ; Specklinia pisinna ; Specklinia succulenta
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: Article / Letter to the editor
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  • 13
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    In:  Blumea: Biodiversity, Evolution and Biogeography of Plants vol. 59 no. 3, pp. 180-184
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Specklinia lugduno-batavae from the Caribbean lowlands of Nicaragua and Costa Rica is formally described and illustrated. The new species belongs to the Specklinia digitalis group and can be recognised by the creeping habit, purple spotted abaxial surface of the leaf and the almost immaculate whitish cream flowers, which are produced in succession on a very short, flexuous inflorescence. The name honours Leiden University and the Hortus botanicus Leiden. The novelty is compared with its closest relatives, Specklinia digitalis, S. pisinna and S. succulenta.
    Keywords: Costa Rica ; Nicaragua ; Specklinia digitalis ; Specklinia lugduno-batavae ; Specklinia pisinna ; Specklinia succulenta
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2014-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Meyer, Axel -- Huete-Perez, Jorge A -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 20;506(7488):287-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24558657" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; Conservation of Natural Resources/economics/trends ; *Dissent and Disputes ; Ecology/statistics & numerical data/trends ; *Ecosystem ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Hong Kong ; International Cooperation ; *Models, Economic ; Nicaragua ; Pacific Ocean ; Risk Assessment ; *Transportation/economics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 15
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    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Publication Date: 2013-05-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Witze, Alexandra -- England -- Nature. 2013 May 23;497(7450):421-2. doi: 10.1038/497421a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23698422" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caribbean Region ; Congresses as Topic ; Costa Rica ; Cuba ; Disasters/*statistics & numerical data ; Dominican Republic ; *Environmental Monitoring ; Geographic Information Systems ; *International Cooperation ; Mexico ; Nicaragua ; Venezuela
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2010-11-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Casillas, Christian E -- Kammen, Daniel M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Nov 26;330(6008):1181-2. doi: 10.1126/science.1197412.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Energy and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21109654" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Carbon ; *Climate Change/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Electricity ; *Energy-Generating Resources/economics ; Humans ; Nicaragua ; *Poverty ; *Rural Population
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 17
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huete-Perez, Jorge A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1309.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741094" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Nicaragua ; *Societies, Scientific ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2005-07-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Russo, Tommaso -- Volterra, Virginia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 1;309(5731):56; author reply 56.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Philosophy, University of Calabria, Via Piero Bucci, 87036 Rende (CS), Italy. t.russo@mclink.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15994513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Child ; Communication ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; Language ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language ; Speech
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Siegal, Michael -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1720-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK. m.siegal@sheffield.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375252" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Child ; Cohort Studies ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; *Language ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Movement ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2004-09-18
    Description: A new sign language has been created by deaf Nicaraguans over the past 25 years, providing an opportunity to observe the inception of universal hallmarks of language. We found that in their initial creation of the language, children analyzed complex events into basic elements and sequenced these elements into hierarchically structured expressions according to principles not observed in gestures accompanying speech in the surrounding language. Successive cohorts of learners extended this procedure, transforming Nicaraguan signing from its early gestural form into a linguistic system. We propose that this early segmentation and recombination reflect mechanisms with which children learn, and thereby perpetuate, language. Thus, children naturally possess learning abilities capable of giving language its fundamental structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Senghas, Ann -- Kita, Sotaro -- Ozyurek, Asli -- R01 DC00491/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC005407/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC05407/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Sep 17;305(5691):1779-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, Barnard College of Columbia University, 3009 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA. annie@alum.mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15375269" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Cohort Studies ; Deafness ; Gestures ; Humans ; *Learning ; Linguistics ; Movement ; Nicaragua ; *Sign Language
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2001-09-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Helmuth, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Sep 7;293(5536):1758-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11546853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Documentation ; Education of Hearing Disabled ; Humans ; Infant ; *Linguistics/methods ; Nicaragua ; *Persons With Hearing Impairments ; Schools ; *Sign Language ; Space Perception ; Students ; Video Recording ; Vocabulary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 13 (2000), S. 485-508 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: F22 ; O15 ; O19 ; Key words: Migration ; international migration ; developing countries
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Empirical research on the determinants of emigration from the LDCs has so far given little emphasis to the complex relationship of development and migration. Since the beginning of the 1990s several arguments have been put forth which hint at the possibility that in the early stages of development economic progress might lead to more migration, even if income differentials to the potential destination regions decrease. This paper presents these arguments and tests them for the case of migration to Germany from 86 Asian and African countries from 1981 to 1995. The results confirm the importance of financial restrictions on migration, migration networks, and changes in the societal structure of the sending countries as well as the existence of a home preference. The estimations also control for the political situation in the home countries and for institutional measures in the host country.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 23
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Anthropogenic disturbance ; Costa Rica ; Nicaragua ; Plant species richness ; Tropical dry forest
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tropical dry forests have been reduced to less than 0.1% of their original expanse on the Pacific side of Central America and are considered by some to be the most endangered ecosystem in the lowland tropics. Plots 1000 m2 were established in seven tropical dry forests in Costa Rica and Nicaragua in order to compare levels of species richness to other Neotropical dry forest sites and to identify environmental variables associated with species richness and abundance. A total of 204 species and 1484 individuals ≥ 2.5 cm were encountered. Santa Rosa National Park was the richest site with the highest family (33), genera (69), and species (75) diversity of all sites. Species richness and forest structure were significantly different between sites. Fabaceae was the dominant tree and shrub family at most sites, but no species was repeatably dominant based on number of stems in all fragments of tropical dry forest. Central American dry forests had similar species richness when compared to other Neotropical forests. There was no correlation between forest cover within reserves, or precipitation and plant species richness. There was a significant correlation between anthropogenic disturbance (intensity and frequency of fire, wood collection, grazing) and total species richness, tree and shrub species richness, and liana abundance. These results suggest controlling levels on anthropogenic disturbance within reserves should be a high priority for resource managers in Central America. Further research in forest fragments which examine individual and a combination of disturbance agents would help clarify the importance of anthropogenic disturbance on species richness and abundance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Empirical economics 24 (1999), S. 537-557 
    ISSN: 1435-8921
    Keywords: Key words: Male education ; female education ; economic growth ; influential observations ; JEL classifications: O40 ; O15 ; I20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Barro and Lee (1994), in an influential empirical study of the determinants of economic growth, find that, whereas growth is positively related to male schooling, it is negatively related to female schooling. Stokey (1994) has suggested that this is largely due to the influence of four Asian countries (Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan and Korea) that have very high levels of growth but very low levels of female schooling, and that deleting the female education variable would cast doubt on the statistical significance of the male education variable. Deletion diagnostics and partial scatter plots are analysed to identify influential observations. The sensitivity of the Barro-Lee results to deleting selected countries from the sample and deleting female education from their growth equations is then examined. The results obtained point to the fragile nature of both the significant negative effect of female education and the significant positive effect of male education in the Barro-Lee model.
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    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 23-43 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Migration ; labour markets ; immigration control ; JEL classification: F22 ; J61 ; O15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper develops a Harris-Todaro (HT) type model of East-West migration in which labour market imperfections prevent market clearing in both blocs. The model encompasses two extremes of perfectly flexible wages with full employment on the one hand, and the HT scenario where the real wage in the host country is fixed, on the other. Welfare analysis compares the laissez-faire migration equilibrium based on explicit calculations of potential migrants without immigration controls in the West, with the socially optimal level of migration. The paper examines the issue of immigration control by developing a model of illegal immigration in which the incentives facing the potentially illegal immigrant are explicitly modelled.
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    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: J13 ; O15 ; C52 ; Key words: Fertility ; vector error-correction model ; variance decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This study is the first attempt at placing the analysis of fertility in a temporal dynamic framework in the case of a developing Asian economy such as Thailand by binding the relationship between fertility and its determinants within a cointegrated system. The analysis is based on the application of the following recently developed dynamic time series techniques: cointegration, vector error-correction modelling, variance decompositions and the impulse response functions. The results tend to indicate that in the complex dynamic interactions, the importance of the conventional `structural' hypothesis as a significant factor in bringing fertility down in the longer term cannot be denied. However, in the short to longer term, our findings, although not fully supportive of any particular hypothesis, appear to be broadly consistent more with the hypothesis emphasising the critical role played by the `ideational' or diffusion forces along with the demographic variables in ensuring `initial' fertility decline than with the conventional `structural' hypothesis emphasising a significant socio-economic structural change as a pre-condition for `initial' fertility decline.
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    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 453-470 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Gender ; savings ; India ; intrahousehold allocation ; JEL classification: J16 ; J71 ; O15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. In this study we use data from rural India to examine the impact of the birth of a boy relative to the birth of a girl (i.e., the “gender shock”) on the savings, consumption and income of rural Indian households. We find that the gender shock reduces savings for medium and large farm households, although there is no evidence that the shock affects savings for the landless and the small farm households. We also estimate the effect of the shock on income and consumption for the former group in order to determine the source of the drop in savings. The results indicate that the fall in savings subsequent to the gender shock arises from its effect on consumption in the year following the birth, and from its effect on income in other years.
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    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 395-411 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Step-migration ; visa restrictions ; unemployment ; Australia ; JEL classification: F22 ; J64 ; O15
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Using survey data for Tongan and Samoan migrants in Sydney the effects of visa restrictions on labor market performance of migrants are assessed. Univariate analysis suggests a positive association between unemployment and the unrestricted entry of Samoan step-migrants from New Zealand. A probit model of the determinants of unemployment is estimated with controls for human capital and demographic variables. While human capital endowments are important, visa restrictions do not have a significant effect on either group‘s employability. Implications for policy are discussed highlighting the complementarities between host country immigration policies and foreign aid programs.
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    Journal of population economics 11 (1998), S. 379-394 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Migrations ; housing ; population distribution ; JEL classification: R23 ; R58 ; O15 ; O21
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. The analysis of 1988–1994 statistical data indicates that the population of Israel simultaneously moves in two opposite directions: while the initial distribution of new immigrants is primarily focused on the areas where jobs are available, the existing population of these areas tends to move outward, to the less populated districts where housing is more available and affordable. The paper thus argues that the heterogeneity of the population is indeed a crucial consideration for the proper modeling of migration behavior. It is also argued that a) the effect of housing construction on the patterns of in-country migration appears to be attenuated, and b) the low attractiveness of peripheral districts of the country to the new immigrants is mainly caused by a lack of jobs rather than by low rates of housing construction or the harsh climatic conditions of these areas.
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    Journal of economic growth 1 (1996), S. 75-93 
    ISSN: 1573-7020
    Keywords: inequality ; neighborhoods ; spillovers ; J24 ; J62 ; O15 ; O40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper explores the dynamics of income inequality by studying the evolution of human capital investment and neighborhood choice for a population of families. Parents affect the conditional probability distribution of their children's income through the choice of a neighborhood in which to live. Neighborhood location affects children both through local public finance of education as well as through sociological effects. These forces combine to create incentives for wealthier families to segregate themselves into economically homogeneous neighborhoods. Economic stratification combines with strong neighborhoodwide feedback effects to transmit economic status across generations, leading to persistent income inequality.
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    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 365-386 
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J11 ; O15 ; O16 ; Population growth ; saving ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The widely-observed finding in the literature showing little or no relationship between population growth (and dependency) and saving requires modification based on panel and cross-section estimation of aggregate country data. While such a relationship is still weak in the hybrid Leff-type model, it is now found consistently over time and by stage of development in the Mason variable-growth life-cycle framework, where changes in demographic factors account for a notable part of saving.
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    Natural hazards 13 (1996), S. 179-202 
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Central America ; Nicaragua ; intensity attenuation ; seismogenic regions ; destructive crustal events ; macroseismic hazard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A probabilistic macroseismic hazard assessment has been done for Nicaragua. For this, the most complete catalogue for Central America, compiled by NORSAR in Norway has been used. In this catalogue, empirical intensity attenuation relations were found. Using these empirical relations, magnitudes were changed to epicentral intensities expected in sites where no intensities had been reported. The calculated intensities from a polygon surrounding Nicaragua were used to assess the macroseismic hazard in the region. For the whole polygon, the cumulative intensity frequency was calculated resulting in a b-value of 0.60 for an intensity interval of V–IX. The time completeness was also studied indicating that, for strong events causing higher intensities (I 0 ≥ VII), the catalogue is complete for events that have been recorded since 1840. The whole polygon was cut into independent seismotectonic regions where the statistical procedure (intensity frequency and time completeness) was done.
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-02-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huete-Perez, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Feb 10;267(5199):774-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7846517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Humans ; International Cooperation ; Nicaragua ; *Research Support as Topic ; Technology Transfer
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Keywords: non-timber forest products ; biological sustainability ; forest valuation ; foraging ; economic development ; Sumu Indians ; Nicaragua
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: Abstract We use microeconomic theory to frame hypotheses about the effects of income on the use of non-timber rain forest products. We hypothesize that an increase in income: (a) encourages foraging specialization, resulting in the extraction of fewer goods; (b) increases the share of household income from occupations besides foraging; (c) produces a yearly value from the extraction of nontimber forest goods of about $50 per hectare; and (d) produces depletion of forest goods entering commercial channels and sustainable extraction of goods facing cheaper industrial substitutes. To examine these hypotheses we present worldwide ethnographic information and preliminary findings from field work carried out among the Sumu Indians of Nicaragua. Field work suggests that higher income produces: (a) foraging specialization with animals rather than with plants; (b) a decline in the economic importance of forest goods in household income; (c) and a rise in the value of non-timber goods removed from the forest to about $35/ha/year. We did not have time to test hypothesis “d.”
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1994-11-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barinaga, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Nov 25;266(5189):1317-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7710496" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Infections/*diagnosis ; Ecuador ; *Genetic Techniques ; Humans ; Leishmaniasis/diagnosis ; Nicaragua ; Parasitic Diseases/*diagnosis ; *Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Technology Transfer ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Aquatic ecology 25 (1991), S. 105-109 
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Nicaragua ; Xolotlán ; tropical lake ; scientific cooperation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A general view of Lake Xolotlán (known also as Lake Managua) and the research carried out during the Project Limnology Applied to Lake Managua (PLALM) are reported here. A summarized account of the results, given in details as seperated papers elsewhere in the same volume, is also presented.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 8 (1983), S. 235-247 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Amelanism ; Aggression ; Assessing mates ; Assortative mating ; Cheaters ; Chemical communication ; Coloration ; Context model ; Dominance ; Dummies ; Genetics ; Inhibition model ; Metamorphosis ; Nicaragua ; Parental care ; Polymorphism ; Sexual imprinting ; Visual communication
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis The midas cichlid,Cichlasoma citrinellum, occurs in the lakes of Nicaragua. In semi-turbid to turbid lakes about 8% of the adults are amelanic, having lost their melanophores at various ages, and are thus yellow through red and sometimes white. The commonest hues are yellow through orange, called gold. Gold morphs ought to be selected against because they are probably conspicuous to predators and they cannot communicate by changing markings. To maintain the polymorphism, gold coloration must have offsetting advantages. Gold morphs dominate normal ones of equal size, and that improves their access to limiting resources. Gold morphs, however, do not seem to be intrinsically more aggressive but rather attain dominance through the effect of their color on their opponents. This gold effect is affected by experience; it is enhanced by sharing the color of the dominant fish in a group, and by being rare. The midas cichlid mates assortatively but imperfectly. Choice of mate is influenced by color of self and of parents and can be constrained by size-color relationship.
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    Environmental biology of fishes 7 (1982), S. 207-228 
    ISSN: 1573-5133
    Keywords: Batoids ; Chondrichthyes ; Costa Rica ; Elasmobranchs ; Euryhalinity ; Freshwater adaptation ; Growth rate ; Isolation of population ; Nicaragua
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Synopsis Of a total of 377 Pristis perotteti tagged in the Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan System, 214 (56.8% were recovered. Eighty were recovered at the original tagging site; four moved downstream the full length of the river; and 127 tagged at the source of the river were recovered in all parts of the lake. Only one was recovered in a different river system, 58 km down the coast from the main mouth of the Río San Juan. A life span of 30 years is suggested, with rapid growth (30–40 cm per year) in the first three years, slowing to about 4 or 5 cm per year in the later years of life. Maximum sizes collected were 384 cm for males, 429 cm for females, smaller than maximum lengths reported elsewhere. The lake sawfish are not physically landlocked, but individuals remain in fresh water for very long periods; parturition takes place in fresh water; all sizes are found in the lake; and it appears that this stock finds all of its ecological needs met in the lake. Individuals may spend all of their lives in fresh water, although, as a species, P. perotteti has not completely abandoned the sea, since some are known to occur in salt water. The Lake Nicaragua-Río San Juan sawfish are a discrete stock, with only limited gene flow with neighboring stocks. P. perotteti is farther along in its adaptation to fresh water, in being able both to osmoregulate and reproduce there, than other known euryhaline elasmobranchs, except for the African stingray, Dasyatis garouaensis, of the Niger-Benue System, and the completely adapted South American freshwater rays (family Potamotrygonidae).
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    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Crop Protection 7 (1988), S. 168-176 
    ISSN: 0261-2194
    Keywords: Anthonomus grandis ; Central America ; Cotton-pest management ; Nicaragua ; boll weevil ; cotton pests ; trap cropping
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
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