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  • Adaptation
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  • 1
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    Advances in Applied Self-organizing Systems (2008)
    London : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Artificial Life ; Bio-inspired Computing ; Bio-inspired Robotics ; Collective Behaviour ; Complex Systems ; Decentralized Management ; Distrbuted Management ; Distributed Computing ; Emergence ; Evolutinary Algorithms ; Immune Networks ; Information Transfer ; Multi-agent Systems ; Pattern Formation ; Self-assembly ; Self-organization ; Self-organizing Computation
    Description / Table of Contents: The main challenge faced by designers of self-organizing systems is how to validate and control non-deterministic dynamics. Over-engineering the system may completely suppress self-organization with an outside influence, eliminating emergent patterns and decreasing robustness, adaptability and scalability. Whilst leaving too much non-determinism in the system’s behaviour may make its verification and validation almost impossible. This book presents the state-of-the-practice in successfully engineered self-organizing systems, and examines ways to balance design and self organization in the context of applications. As demonstrated throughout, finding this balance helps to deal with diverse practical challenges. The book begins with the more established fields of traffic management and structural health monitoring, building up towards robotic teams, solving challenging tasks deployed in tough environments. The second half of the book follows with a deeper look into the micro-level, and considers local interactions between agents. These interactions lead towards self-modifying digital circuitry and self-managing grids, self-organizing data visualization and intrusion detection in computer networks, immunocomputing and nature-inspired computation, and eventually to artificial life. The case studies described illustrate the richness of the topic and provide guidance to its intricate areas. Many algorithms proposed and discussed in this volume are biologically inspired and readers will also gain an insight into cellular automata, genetic algorithms, artificial immune systems, snake-like locomotion, ant foraging, birds flocking and mutualistic biological ecosystems, amongst others. Demonstrating the practical relevance and applicability of self-organization, this book will be of interest to advanced students and researchers in a wide range of fields.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XI, 375 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9781846289828
    URL: http://www.springerlink.com/content/978-1-84628-981-1/
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Louisiana's Response to Extreme Weather : A Coastal State's Adaptation Challenges and Successes (2020)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Coastal Resilience ; Social Justice ; Extreme Weather ; Natural Disaster ; Disaster Recovery ; Adaptation ; Severe Storm ; Climate Change management ; Coastal hazards ; Hurricane ; Katrina ; Flood ; Gentrification ; Environmental Policy ; Water Policy ; Environmental Law
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction to the Book: “Ahead of the Curve” / Shirley Laska / Pages 1-31 --- Louisiana’s Risks Anticipating the Future Challenges to Other U.S. Coastal Communities --- Managing Risks in Louisiana’s Rapidly Changing Coastal Zone / Donald F. Boesch / Pages 35-62 --- Climate Adaptation Challenges and Solutions --- Connecting the Dots: The Origins, Evolutions, and Implications of the Map that Changed Post-Katrina Recovery Planning in New Orleans / Zachary Lamb / Pages 65-91 --- Antagonisms of Adaptation: Climate Change Adaptation Measures in New Orleans and New York City / Kevin Fox Gotham, Megan Faust / Pages 93-112 --- Adapting to a Smaller Coast: Restoration, Protection, and Social Justice in Coastal Louisiana / Scott A. Hemmerling, Monica Barra, Rebecca H. Bond / Pages 113-144 --- Relocation and Resettlement: An Extreme Adjustment --- Community Resettlement in Louisiana: Learning from Histories of Horror and Hope / Nathan Jessee / Pages 147-184 --- Sojourners in a New Land: Hope and Adaptive Traditions / Kristina J. Peterson / Pages 185-214 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Urban --- Post-disaster Development Dilemmas: Advancing Landscapes of Social Justice in a Neoliberal Post-disaster Landscape / Anna Livia Brand, Vern Baxter / Pages 217-240 --- Reimagining Housing: Affordability Crisis and Its Role in Disaster Resilience and Recovery / Andreanecia M. Morris, Lucas Diaz / Pages 241-259 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Suburban/Mid State --- The 2016 Unexpected Mid-State Louisiana Flood: With Special Focus on the Different Rescue and Recovery Responses It Engendered / Michelle Annette Meyer, Brant Mitchell, Shannon Van Zandt, Stuart Nolan / Pages 263-281 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Rural --- Challenges of Post-Disaster Recovery in Rural Areas / Alessandra Jerolleman / Pages 285-310 --- Types/Locations of Communities and Their Responses to Extreme Weather: Coupled Coastal-Inland --- Regional Resilience: Building Adaptive Capacity and Community Well-Being Across Louisiana’s Dynamic Coastal–Inland Continuum / Traci Birch, Jeff Carney / Pages 313-340
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 361 pages) , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    ISBN: 9783030272050
    URL: https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-030-27205-0
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPV Political control & freedoms::JPVH Human rights ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The Mediatization of the O.J. Simpson Case (2023)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: F. Scott Fitzgerald once said: »Show me a hero, and I'll write you a tragedy.« In the 1990s, nobody fell deeper than O.J. Simpson. Once considered a national treasure, the athlete was accused of brutally slaying his ex-wife Nicole Brown and her friend Ronald Goldman on June 12, 1994. Within days, the media and public developed an unprecedented obsession with the story, turning a murder investigation and trial into a sensationalized reality show. Tatjana Neubauer examines the mediatization, deliberate manipulation, and the simplification of popular criminal trials for profit on television. She demonstrates that TV conflated legal proceedings into entertainment programming by commodifying events, people, and places.
    Keywords: Mediatization ; O.J. Simpson ; Reality Television ; Court TV ; Adaptation ; Media ; America ; Television ; Media Theory ; Cultural Studies ; Media Studies ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATJ Television ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCT Media studies::JBCT2 Media studies: TV and society ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBC Cultural and media studies::JBCC Cultural studies
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Successes at the Interface of Ocean, Climate and Humans (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Resilience ; Adaptation ; Blue Carbon ; Ecosystems ; Ocean Optimism ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RB Earth sciences::RBK Hydrology and the hydrosphere::RBKC Oceanography (seas and oceans)
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Chapter New Features of the rivershore: climate change and new relations between town and water (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Climate scenarios show that Mediterranean areas will be affected by torrential patterns of rain, that can cause difficulties in urban life in coastal areas, mainly due to the draining systems and to the sea-level. Lisbon is on the estuary of Tagus river, which would be probably affected by run-off and by the forecasted rising sea-level. Redesigning its relationship with water, trying to make this urban area more resilient, becomes crucial and asks to study run-off and sea-level rise for 2100 and for intermediate steps, to adapt the urban life and its spaces to the occurring scenarios.
    Keywords: Waterfront ; Climate Change ; Adaptation ; Resilience ; Urban Strategic Projects
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    People or Property (2023)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: This open access book explores the intersection of property law, relocation, and resettlement processes in the United States and among communities that grapple with migration as an adaptation strategy. As communities face the prospect of relocating because of rising seas, policy makers, disaster specialists, and community leaders are scrambling to understand what adaptation pathways are legally possible. While in its ideal application, law functions blindly and without variation, the authors find that legal contradictions come to bear on resettlement processes and place certain communities further in harm’s way. This book will unearth these contradictions in order to understand why successful community-based resettlement has presented such a challenge to communities that are experiencing increasing land deterioration as a result of climate change.
    Keywords: Environmental politics ; Property Law ; Migration ; United States ; Relocation ; Resettlement ; Climate Change ; Climate justice ; Adaptation ; Climate disaster ; Community-based resettlement ; Land deterioration ; Policy ; Emergency management ; Public administration ; Disaster ; Emergencies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPP Public administration ; bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues::LAF Systems of law::LAFD Civil codes / Civil law ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Chapter Teatro e violenza in Moby Dick — Rehearsed di Orson Welles (2024)
    Firenze University Press | USiena Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Moby Dick Rehearsed is a magnificent experiment in the style of Orson Welles, whose talent explores in depth the texture of Melville's novel in an attempt to put it on stage. The analysis shows how the play - performed in New York in 1955 - sheds light on Welles's idea of the theater as a laboratory to experiment with the possibilities of this peculiar form of entertainment. The novel's inner violence and theatrical power become evident when Welles stages a rehearsal of Moby Dick by a company of actors used to act in Shakespeare's Hamlet in 1955. The well-known influence of Shakespeare on Melville's novel emerges from the play, which became a book published by Samuel French in 1965 in New York. Its Italian translation by Cristina Viti - Moby Dick. Prove per un dramma in due atti - provides the base for Elio De Capitani's mise en scene of the play in Milan in 2022, under the title of Moby-Dick alla prova.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; violence ; rehearsal ; experiment ; performance ; thema EDItEUR::A The Arts::AT Performing arts::ATD Theatre studies
    Language: Italian
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  • 9
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter Tres ingenios al servicio de un canónigo: de La cortesana en la sierra… a L’infanta villana de Carlo Celano (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Analysis of the seventeenth-century theatrical adaptation of the Neapolitan Carlo Celano, L’infanta villana, and the Spanish source identified, La cortesana en la sierra y fortunas de don Manrique de Lara, written in collaboration by Juan de Matos Fragoso (I act), Juan Bautista Diamante (II act) and Juan Vélez de Guevara (III act). It focuses in particular on two sequences - one serious and one comic - that allow to verify the degree of dramatic and rhetorical adaptation and the translatability of humor compared with the prototext.
    Keywords: Italian Comedy spagnoleggiante ; Carlo Celano ; Juan de Matos Fragoso ; Juan Bautista Diamante ; Juan Vélez de Guevara ; Adaptation ; Translation
    Language: Spanish
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  • 11
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    Phenotypic Plasticity & Evolution (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Phenotypic plasticity – the ability of an individual organism to alter its features in direct response to a change in its environment – is ubiquitous. Understanding how and why this phenomenon exists is crucial because it unites all levels of biological inquiry. This book brings together researchers who approach plasticity from diverse perspectives to explore new ideas and recent findings about the causes and consequences of plasticity. Contributors also discuss such controversial topics as how plasticity shapes ecological and evolutionary processes; whether specific plastic responses can be passed to offspring; and whether plasticity has left an important imprint on the history of life. Importantly, each chapter highlights key questions for future research. Drawing on numerous studies of plasticity in natural populations of plants and animals, this book aims to foster greater appreciation for this important, but frequently misunderstood phenomenon. Key Features Written in an accessible style with numerous illustrations, including many in color Reviews the history of the study of plasticity, including Darwin’s views Most chapters conclude with recommendations for future research
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Developmental Mechanisms ; Epigenetics ; Origins of Novelty ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSB Biochemistry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    Methode zur Messung des Einflusses von Lichtimpulsen auf die visuelle Leistungsfähigkeit (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing | KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to its dynamic range, the human eye can adapt to a wide variety of light situations within a very short time. If the dynamic range of the eye is insufficient, glare occurs. There is no suitable objective measurement method to describe the effects on visual performance and its course. This was developed and validated as part of this work.
    Keywords: Blendung ; Adaptation ; Licht ; Visuelle Wahrnehmung ; Kurzzeitgedächtnis ; Glare ; Adaption ; Light ; VisualPperception ; Short Time Memory ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TH Energy technology and engineering::THR Electrical engineering
    Language: German
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  • 13
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    Genetics and Genomics of Forest Trees (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Forest tree genetics and genomics are advancing at an accelerated rate, thanks to recent developments in high-throughput, next-generation sequencing capabilities, and novel biostatistical tools. Population and landscape genetics and genomics have seen the rise of new approaches implemented in large-scale studies that employ the use of genome-wide sampling. Such studies have started to discern the dynamics of neutral and adaptive variation in nature and the processes that underlie spatially explicit patterns of genetic and genomic variation in nature. The continuous development of genetic maps in forest trees and the expansion of QTL and association mapping approaches contribute to the unravelling of the genotype-phenotype relationship and lead to marker-assisted and genome-wide selection. However, major challenges lie ahead. Recent literature suggests that species demography and genetic diversity have been affected both by climatic oscillations and anthropogenically induced stresses in a way calls into question the possibility of future adaptation. Moreover, the pace of contemporary environmental change presents a great challenge to forest tree populations and their ability to adapt, taking into consideration their life history characteristics. Several questions emerge that include, but are not limited to, the interpretation of forest tree genome surveillance and their structural/functional properties, the adaptive and neutral processes that have shaped forest tree genomes, the analysis of phenotypic traits relevant to adaptation (especially adaptation under contemporary climate change), the link between epigenetics/epigenomics and phenotype/genotype, and the use of genetics/genomics as well as genetic monitoring to advance conservation priorities.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; GE1-350 ; SD1-669.5 ; QTL/Association Mapping ; Management of Forest Genetic Resources ; Phylogeography ; Epigenetics/Epigenomics ; Molecular Evolution ; Proteomics ; Functional Genomics ; Population/Landscape Genetics/Genomics ; Conservation Genetics/Genomics ; Adaptation ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    Dialogues between Media (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-26
    Description: This book unites essays on the interplay of media or inter-arts studies, as well as papers with a focus on comics studies, further testimony to the fact that comics have truly arrived in mainstream academic discourse. "Adaptation" is a key term for the studies presented in this volume various articles discuss the adaptation of literary source texts in different target media - cinematic versions, comics adaptations, TV series, theatre, and opera.
    Keywords: Adaptation ; intermediality ; comics studies ; world literature ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism::DSB Literary studies: general
    Language: English , German , French
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  • 15
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    Polarization, Shifting Borders and Liquid Governance (2024)
    Springer Nature | Springer Nature Switzerland
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-16
    Description: This open-access book explores the security dynamics amid the polarization, shifting borders, and liquid governance that define the Zeitenwende era in Europe's eastern neighbourhood and Central Asia. Presenting various case studies, the volume unveils the intricate web of border dynamics and practices, including the nuanced interplay of border disputes within the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) member states. The contributions shed new light on how contested borders and liquid modes of governance have impacted the engagement of international organizations such as the European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), and OSCE in security crises and conflict prevention. Delving deeper, a special part dissects the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict and examines European and international responses. By analyzing the stances of diverse European countries, their neighborhood, and international organizations, this section uncovers commonalities and disparities in their approaches to the Ukrainian crisis.
    Keywords: Norm diffusion ; Public diplomacy ; Adaptation ; Feminist Foreign Policy ; Russian War ; War in Ukraine ; Human rights ; Transitional justice ; Sustaining peace ; Localization ; Globalization ; Security ; Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe ; OSCE ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPH Political structure & processes ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPA Political science & theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPS International relations::JPSD Diplomacy
    Language: English
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The future of DNA-DNA hybridization studies (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 30 (1990), S. 196-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Human evolution ; Australian songbirds ; Convergent evolution ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary This article draws on many vertebrate examples to assess the future of DNA-DNA hybridization studies. I first discuss whether applications of the method have reached the point of diminishing returns, or rather the start of a great leap forward, in our evolutionary understanding. Vertebrate groups whose relationships are especially likely to be illuminated include parrots, pigeons, bats, pinnipeds, mammalian carnivores, frogs, and rodents. There are at least two reasons why classifications based on DNA-DNA hybridization may prove to differ from classifications based on particular character, whether these be noncoding DNA sequences or protein sequences or anatomical characters. Because evolutionary relationships can now be deduced independently of anatomical characters, this should permit a renaissance in comparative anatomical studies of adaptation. The origin of major functional shifts from changes in a small fraction of the genome is illustrated by polar bears, sea otters, warblers, vultures, and especially by humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02099991
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolution of regulatory genes and patterns: Relationships to evolutionary rates and to metabolic functions (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 37 (1993), S. 590-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Evolution ; Gene regulation ; Drosophila ; Adaptation ; Enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In an effort to understand the forces shaping evolution of regulatory genes and patterns, we have compared data on interspecific differences in enzyme expression patterns among the rapidly evolving Hawaiian picture-winged Drosophila to similar data on the more conservative virilis species group. Divergence of regulatory patterns is significantly more common in the former group, but cause and effect are difficult to discern. Random fixation of regulatory variants in small populations and/or during speciation may be somewhat more likely than divergence driven by selection. Within the picture-winged group, we also have compared enzymes that fulfill different metabolic roles. There are highly significant differences between individual enzymes, but no obvious correlations to functional categories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00182745
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of bacteria at 100°C and beyond (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 127-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Continuous culture ; Adaptation ; Simulation of hot springs ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Bacillus caldolyticus, a caldoactive bacterium originating from a hot spring at Yellowstone Park, was grown in a defined medium, whose composition resembled that of the pool water. Using a chemostat culture, which simulated the natural conditions, the organism could be adapted to grow at 100°C at a reasonable rate. Under increased pressure growth occurred also at 105° C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00455347
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of enzymes from bacteria grown in the 70–100°C range (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Boiling point ; Caldoactive enzymes ; Stabilization ; Thermostability ; Thermal characteristics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In chemostat cultures of Bacillus caldolyticus, adaptation in a single step from 70–100°C was followed under aerobic and oxygen-limited conditions and was found to proceed more smoothly under the latter circumstances. Variations of the medium (e.g. yeast extract or silicate concentrations) showed that growth at 100°C is in all respects similar to that of cultures at moderate temperatures. Enzyme preparations derived from cultures at 5°C intervals between 70 and 100°C were used to determine the temperature range. For all nine enzymes tested, the optimum temperature was found to be 67°C; the latter was independent of the growth temperature. Differences were found, however, with respect to the maximum temperature of individual enzymes, and three groups, with maxima between 70 and 80°C, 80 and 90°C and 90 and 100°C can be distinguished. Again, there was no correlation with the growth temperature. Stability experiments also revealed that enzymes from the same organism can have different thermal properties: Some were found to be quite thermolabile (e.g. the pyruvate kinase), while others (e.g. hexokinase and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase) exhibited a high thermostability. These properties were not related to the growth temperature within the 70–100°C range, too. Six of the enzymes tested could be stabilized by their respective substrates, but the degree of protection varied for individual enzymes. Three enzymes (acetate kinase, glutamate dehydrogenase and myokinase) could not be stabilized by their substrates. Comparative experiments with the hexokinase suggested, that the thermal integrity of the enzymes is better protected within the cell as compared to the stability of the enzyme preparations.
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    Effects of photoperiodicity and light irradiance on phosphate-limited Oscillatoria agardhii in chemostat cultures (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 142 (1985), S. 66-71 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacterium ; Adaptation ; Photosynthesis ; Carbohydrate accumulation ; Relative growth rate ; [Light-phosphate] interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cyanobacterium Oscillatoria agardhii was grown in continuous culture under various light conditions in order to study the interactions of light on phosphorus-limited growth. Under severe P-limiting (light-saturating) conditions, a low chlorophyll a and C-phycocyanin content was found. In addition, the light-harvesting capacity, reflected in the values of P max (maximum light-saturated oxygen production rate) and α (photosynthetic affinity), were low compared to light-limited cultures. Reduction of the light climate, either by reduction of the length of the photoperiod or light-intensity, resulted in an increase in light-harvesting capacity (higher pigment content, P m and α) during growth under P-limiting conditions. Light-induced changes in P max and α could be related to the relative growth rate, being the actual growth rate as a fraction of the growth rate which would be observed under light-limiting conditions. Under P-limiting conditions, reduction of the light-climate caused a reduction in dry weight of the culture. This decrease was mainly due to a decrease in carbohydrate content of the cells. Under all conditions tested, carbohydrates were found to accumulate during the light-period and to be consumed during the dark-period. Evaluation of carbohydrate consumption in the dark yielded a specific maintenance rate constant of 0.001 h-1. This observation leads to the conclusion that the specific maintenance rate constant is independent on the character of the growth rate limiting nutrient for O. agardhii.
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    Alterations of alkaline phosphatase activity during adaptation of Escherichia coli to phosphite and hypophosphite (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 103-107 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Alkaline phosphatase ; Adaptation ; Derepression ; Repression ; Phosphite ; Hypophosphite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When Escherichia coli cells were grown in media containing either phosphite or hypophosphite as the sole source of phosphorus, they responded to this situation primarily in the same way as phosphatelimited cultures: The activity of alkaline phosphatase increased drastically, which under natural conditions would enable the cells to compklensatae for the shortage increased drastically, which under natural conditions would enable the cells to compensate for the shortage of phosphate. Subsequent transfers, however, resulted in a quite different response: While the phosphatase activity of phosphate-limited cells stays at a high derepressed level, its increase was followed by a gradual decline in organisms grown on phosphite or hypophosphite. After eight to ten transfers on these P-compounds, phosphatase activity was back to its initial, repressed, low level, indicating that the cells were fully adapted to these substrates. Adaptation to either PO 3 3- or PO 2 3- was completely abolished if the cells were again grown with PO 4 3- as P-source, whereafter the entire process of adaptation had to be repeated. The observed adaptation pattern, reflected by the alterations of phosphatase activity, was qualitatively equal with PO 3 3- and PO 2 3- , but quantitatively different, because the response to hypophosphite gave much higher values than the increase obtained with phosphite. Phosphite-adapted cells are not simultaneously adapted to hypophosphite, but their response to the latter was less intense than observed after direct transfers from PO 4 3- to PO 2 3- . Adaptation to hypophosphite, however, led simultaneously to phosphite adaptation, so that these cells can utilize both P-compounds as a substitute for phosphate.
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    Growth of Nitrobacter in the presence of organic matter (1976)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 108 (1976), S. 299-304 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Nitrobacter ; Mixotrophic growth ; Cell-yield ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Culture filtrates of heterotrophic bacteria were tested for their stimulatory effect on nitrification of three strains of Nitrobacter. 2. Yeast extract-peptone solution, in which Pseudomonas fluorescens had grown, after removal of the cells was added to autotrophically growing cultures of Nitrobacter agilis; it caused a stimulated nitrite oxidation and growth of Nitrobacter agilis. 3. The degree of stimulation depended on: a) the proportion of the culture filtrate to the autotrophic medium; b) the composition of the complex medium in which Pseudomonas fluorescens had been grown; c) the time the heterotrophic bacterium had been grown in the complex medium. 4. The stimulatory effect was highest with Nitrobacter agilis, less with Nitrobacter winogradskyi and negligible with Nitrobacter K 4. 5. It was possible to adapt nitrifying cells of Nitrobacter agilis to higher concentrations of yeast extract and peptone. After the nitrite had been completely oxidized the cell-N still increased up to 30% before growth stopped.
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    Conversion of energy in halobacteria: ATP synthesis and phototaxis (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 1-11 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Archaea ; Halobacteria ; Energy ; transduction ; Retinal protein ; Proton gradient ; Nitrate ; reductase ; ATPase ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Halobacteria are aerobic chemo-organotroph archaea that grow optimally between pH 8 and 9 using a wide range of carbon sources. These archaea have developed alternative processes of energy provision for conditions of high cell densities and the reduced solubility of molecular oxygen in concentrated brines. The halobacteria can switch to anaerobic metabolism by using an alternative final acceptor in the respiratory chain or by fermentation, or alternatively, they can employ photophosphorylation. Light energy is converted by several retinal-containing membrane proteins that, in addition to generating a proton gradient across the cell membrane, also make phototaxis possible in order to approach optimal light conditions. The structural and functional features of ATP synthesis in archaea are discussed, and similarities to F-ATPases (functional aspects) or vacuolar ATPases (structural aspects) are presented.
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    Adaptation by hot spring phototrophs to reduced light intensities (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 113 (1977), S. 111-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Reduced light ; Chloroflexus ; Synechococcus ; Ecological studies ; Yellowstone ; National Park ; Hot springs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Photosynthesis was measured by the 14C method on natural as well as low light adapted populations of Chloroflexus (a photosynthetic bacterium) and Synechococcus (a blue-green alga) from hot springs in Yellowstone National Park (Wyoming U.S.A.), to test the ability of these phototrophs to photosynthesize at a variety of light intensities. The herbicide 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea (DCMU) was used to distinguish uptake of the blue-green alga from that of the photosynthetic bacterium, while measurements of chlorophyll a and bacterio-chlorophyll c served to quantitate the standing crops of these organisms. Natural populations of Synechococcus were found to be slightly inhibited by full sunlight intensities (summer values can surpass 90000 Lux), whereas the Chloroflexus populations were not. Populations of both phototrophs subjected to reduced light intensities through the use of neutral density filters were found to adapt to low light, and then become severely inhibited by high light intensities. Adaptation to various light regimes may be an important ecological phenomenon to the survival of these hot spring phototrophs.
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    Effects of sodium chloride on the plasma membrane of halotolerant Dunaliella primolecta: an electron spin resonance study (1982)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 131 (1982), S. 184-190 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Dunaliella primolecta ; Malotolerant ; Adaptation ; Plasma membrane ; ESR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Electron spin resonance spectroscopy was used to monitor the in vivo microviscosity of the plasma membrane and lipid extracts of the salt tolerant alga, Dunaliella primolecta. The fluidity of the plasma membrane decreased as the algae were adapted to and suspended in higher sodium chloride concentrations [2–24% (w/v)]. Both biochemical modification and a physical interaction between Na+ and lipids were implicated. When the microviscosity of the plasma membrane and that of lipid extracts were determined as a function of temperature, two or three lipid phase transformations were observed. There were always transformations at 9–14° C and 39–43° C. These were interpreted as the onset and completion of the lipid phase transition of at least a major lipid component of the membrane, possibly the entire membrane. These transformation temperatures were independent of the salt concentration to which the algae were adapted or suspended. This suggests that D. primolecta exists with some of its membrane in the solid-fluid mixed lipid state. With a NaCl concentration of 8% (w/v) or greater in the growth medium, a third transformation occurred around 20–22° C. It was the result of a lipid-lipid interaction and was not related to adaptation.
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    Light-adaptation in the photophobic response by Stentor coeruleus (1987)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 147 (1987), S. 117-120 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ciliate ; Stentor coeruleus ; Photophobic response ; Action spectrum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Effects of preillumination on photophobic response (light-adaptation) and recovery of the photophobic sensitivity in the dark (dark-adaptation) in Stentor coeruleus were examined. When the cells were preilluminated with white light of 7.80 W/m2 for 2 min, the fluence-rate response curve of photophobic response was shifted toward higher light intensities by half an order of magnitude compared to the one without preillumination. Preillumination with a higher light intensity resulted in a further shift of the fluencerate response curve. An action spectrum for light-adaptation showed a primary peak at 610 nm and secondary peaks at 540 and 480 nm which are almost identical to the peaks observed in the photophobic action spectrum. The light-adapted cells showed a recovery of their photophobic sensing ability following dark treatment. Dark-adaptation resulted in total recovery of photophobic sensing ability in 8 minutes for the most cases examined.
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    The vhuU gene encoding a small subunit of a selenium-containing [NiFe]-hydrogenase in Methanococcus voltae appears to be essential for the cell (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 170 (1998), S. 418-426 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Archaea ; Methanococcus voltae ; Deletion ; mutagenesis ; Adaptation ; Selenium deprivation ; [NiFe]-hydrogenases ; Gene replacement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We developed a general method for the site-specific deletion of gene sequences to obtain new selectable markers in the archaeon Methanococcus voltae. Using a deletion in the hisA gene, a vector was integrated into the chromosome by homologous recombination, thereby reconstituting histidine prototrophy. The vector contained the β-glucuronidase gene uidA of Escherichia coli as a reporter under the control of an M. voltae promoter that normally drives the expression of a selenium-free [NiFe]-hydrogenase after selenium deprivation. This construct has allowed us to check whether the selenium supply was sufficiently low to induce the transcription of the genes encoding the selenium-free hydrogenases. We tried to introduce a chromosomal deletion of the vhuU gene of the archaeon M. voltae by gene replacement and by keeping the cells under selenium deprivation. The gene vhuU encodes the very small, selenocysteine-containing subunit that is part of the primary reaction center of the Vhu hydrogenase. All transformants bearing the deletion also contained the vhuU wild-type gene. Therefore, the vhuU gene appears to be essential for the cell even under conditions that lead to the induction of the selenium-free homologue Vhc of the Vhu hydrogenase.
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    Ultra-violet mutagenesis of Synechocystis sp. 6701: mutations in chromatic adaptation and phycobilisome assembly (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 237-243 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Cyanobacteria ; Synechocystis 6701 ; Phycobilisomes ; Ultra-violet ; Mutagenesis ; Assembly ; Chromatic ; Adaptation ; Rods ; Cores
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mutations affecting pigmentation of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. 6701 were induced with ultraviolet light. Two mutants with phycobilisome structural changes were selected for structural studies. One mutant, UV08, was defective in chromatic adaptation and incorporated phycoerythrin into phycobilisomes in white or red light at a level typical of growth in green light. The other mutant, UV16, was defective in phycobilisome assembly: little phycocyanin was made and none was attached to the phycobilisome cores. The cores were completely free of any rod substructures and contained the major core peptides plus the 27,000 Mr linker peptide that attaches rods to the core. Micrographs of the core particles established their structural details. Phycoerythrin in UV 16 was assembled into rod structures that were not associated with core material or phycocyanin. The 30,500 Mr and 31,500 Mr linker peptides were present in the phycoerythrin rods with the 30,500 Mr protein as the major component. Phycobilisome assembly in vivo is discussed in light of this unusual mutant.
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    Photosensory transduction in the flagellated alga, Euglena gracilis (1983)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 134 (1983), S. 204-207 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Photosensory ; Cations ; pH ; Flagellated ; Algae ; Adaptation ; Euglena gracilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Euglena were cultured under 3 W m-2 constant white light. In culture medium, cells show immediate and long lasting step-down photophobic responses and photoaccumulation behavior to blue light if dim red light-adapted for 30 min. However, if cells are suspended in buffered, saltcontaining solutions (adaptation buffers), strong step-down photobehavior and photoaccumulation responses are not observed for several hours. These behaviors gradually increase in strength to reach a maximum after 6–12 h; after which a stable response is maintained. The relative rates of appearance and the relative strengths of the responses are influenced by the concentrations of Ca2+ and K+, but not H+ or Na+ ions, in the adaptation buffers. Expression of the stepdown photobehavior thus requires that the cells adapt to the chemical environment in which they are suspended.
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    Theoretical considerations on growth kinetics and physiological adaptation of nutrient-limited phytoplankton (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 140 (1984), S. 96-100 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Physiology ; Adaptation ; Growth ; Droop ; Monod
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In many experimental ecological studies on phytoplankton species the growth response of an organism to the prevailing environmental conditions have been studied. Curves relating specific growth rate (μ) to the external nutrient concentration (S) have been constructed to compare nutrient-limited growth of different species under steady state conditions. Microorganisms adapt their physiology to a certain limitation in order to optimize growth. Therefore the shape of the μ/S curve is closely related to the way a micoorganism adapts its physiology. To see how physiological adaptation and growth rate are interconnected to each other, both can be related to the internal concentration of the growth-limiting nutrient. How the growth rate is related to the internal nutrient concentration is presented in a mathematical equation. Many phytoplankton species during growth under different nutrient limitations show a linear relationship between μ and the reciprocal value of the internal nutrient content (= Yield). This was originally observed by Droop. The model presented here gives a theoretical explanation of this phenomenon.
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    Thermoadaptation of enzymes in thermophilic and mesophilic cultures of Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus caldotenax (1974)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 98 (1974), S. 275-287 
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    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Thermophilic bacteria ; B. stearothermophilus ; B. caldotenax ; Thermophilic (Thermostable) Enzymes ; Adaptation ; Thermoadaptation of Enzymes ; Thermoadaptation of Bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Bacillus stearothermophilus was adapted to 37° C (mesophilic culture) and to 55° C (thermophilic culture) by cultivation via an intermediate temperature of 46° C. In the crude extract of the thermophilic bacterial cells the glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase are more thermostable than the corresponding enzymes in the crude extract of mesophilic cells. At the intermediate temperature of 46° C both types are probably formed. 2. 37° C-precultures of Bacillus caldotenax were further cultivated (in different samples) at 5° C intervals between 30° C and 70° C. It was shown that in 70° C-cells of the above mentioned enzymes more thermostable forms and in 37° C-cells more thermolabile forms are present. Furthermore, as demonstrated in the case of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, cells cultured in the temperature range between 30–50° C produced thermolabile enzyme variants (M-type), while cultures between 60–70° C produced thermostable variants (Th-type). At cultivation temperatures above 50° C a pronounced lag-period expressing the metabolic changes was found. In the lag-period, mesophilic enzymes are no longer present as early as 20 min after increasing the temperature (70° C), and synthesis of thermostable enzymes starts about 1 h before the beginning of growth. 3. Similar results were obtained with Bacillus caldotenax precultivated at 70° C and cultivated between 30° C and 70° C.
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    Can strains give adequate information for adaptive bone remodeling? (1984)
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    Calcified tissue international 36 (1984), S. S118 
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    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Strain ; Remodeling ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary For bone to remodel adaptively, the cells responsible should follow some algorithm. Nine different loading situations and structures are discussed. It seems that either algorithm must be extremely complex, or cells in different structures must follow different algorithms.
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    Quantitative model for the electric response of invertebrate and vertebrate photoreceptors (1977)
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    European biophysics journal 2 (1977), S. 333-336 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Photoreceptor model ; Receptor potential ; Vertebrate ; Invertebrate ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose that the same mechanism which leads to light-adaptation in invertebrate photoreceptors is responsible for the excitation of the receptor potential in vertebrates. Several qualitative and quantitative features of the vertebrate receptor response support this hypothesis.
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    The correlation of the receptor potential with the light induced transient increase in intracellular calcium-concentration measured by absorption change of arsenazo III injected into Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor cell (1980)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 6 (1980), S. 191-208 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Receptor potential ; Intracellular and extracellular calcium concentration ; Intensity dependence ; Adaptation ; Sensitivity control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The light-induced membrane voltage response (receptor potential, ReP) and the absorption change of the intracellularly injected calcium indicator arsenazo III (arsenazo response) were recorded simultaneously in Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptor cells. A double pulse technique was applied for stimulation. After pressure injection of the indicator into the cell absorption changes were measured at 646 nm to obtain a measure of the changes of the intracellular calcium ion concentration. 1. The size of the arsenazo response increases with increasing intensity of the light stimulus. The intensity dependence of the size of the arsenazo response δAmax shows almost no correlate with the peak amplitude of the ReP, but correlates rather well with the time integral of the ReP. 2. Decreasing light adaptation (caused by prolongation of the repetition time of the pulse pairs) leads to an increase in size of the arsenazo response. Also here δAmax correlates better with the time integral of the ReP than with its peak amplitude. 3. Lowering the calcium concentration in the superfusate (from 10 mmol/l to ca. 40 Μmol/l) causes after ca. 10 min a drastical diminution of the arsenazo response to values below the noise level, and a less marked reduction in size of the ReP. The falling phase of the ReP is slower. After return to normal calcium concentration the arsenazo response recovers partly in ca. 50 min, while the ReP recovers faster. The results show two opposite correlations between ReP and arsenazo response: Increase in size and duration of the ReP causes a greater transient increase of the intracellular calcium ion concentration. This in turn tends to reduce and shorten the ReP. Which effect dominates obviously depends on the conditions of the experiment: when the calcium concentration in the superfusate is reduced to ca. 40 Μmol/l a slow decrease of the ReP is accompanied by a small increase of the intracellular calcium ion concentration.
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    Dark adaptation processes in the amphibian rod (1977)
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    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 171-173 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Frog ; Retina ; Rhodopsin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rod dark adaptation in the amphibian retina appears to be due to three processes: 1. background adaptation, occurring immediately after the extinction of an adapting or bleaching light, 2. intermediate adaptation, that frequently lasts 30 min or more and 3. opsin adaptation, which in the isolated retina where regeneration of rhodopsin is insignificant, is observed as a permanent loss of sensitivity after the completion of intermediate adaptation. Intermediate adaptation is characterized by a linear relation between log threshold and the amount of “retinal” present, a similar relation is obtained between log threshold and the amount of rhodopsin bleached in opsin adaptation. These adaptation processes are discussed in terms of a model of the rod outer segment.
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    Adaptation properties of the ERG in the grasshopper, Romalea microptera (1981)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 7 (1981), S. 205-208 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Grasshopper ; Electroretinogram ; Adaptation ; Spectral sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The grasshopper ERG displays a rapid recovery of responsivity following the onset of a background light. Although observed earlier in skate and frog, this phenomenon has not previously been seen in an invertebrate. Furthermore, a period of hyperresponsivity exists in early dark adaptation and resembles that found in skate and frog. Thus, recovery in the light and hyperresponsivity in the dark seem to be corollaries of each other. Finally, spectral sensitivity of the ERG is determined and two peaks are found: one at 510 nm and the other at 360 nm. The former appears to be a rhodopsin-mediated sensitivity but the latter does not and they are not clearly separated by chromatic adaptation.
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    Absorption of light by metarhodopsin modifies the effect of a conditioning light on the barnacle photoreceptor (1979)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 5 (1979), S. 231-235 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Visual pigment ; Photoreceptor ; Metarhodopsin ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We show that the effect of an adapting light on the sensitivity of barnacle photoreceptors depends on the direction of net pigment transfer [rhodopsin (R) to metarhodopsin (M) or reverse] occasioned by the adapting light. For stimuli giving no net pigment transfer the state of the pigment appears irrelevant, R → R having the same effect as M → M. With respect to these, R → M gives enhanced facilitation and M → R depressed facilitation. This suggests a correlation with the prolonged depolarising after-potential (PDA) and the anti-PDA, which follow R → M and M → R stimuli respectively. These effects appear mainly in less sensitive cells and for higher amounts of conditioning light — but still well within the physiological range and well below the threshold for PDA and anti-PDA induction. The special interest of these results is that they appear to be interpretable only by assuming that absorption of light by metarhodopsin exerts an effect on the stimulus coincident response (LRP), the first demonstration of such an effect.
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    An analysis of rod outer segment adaptation based on a simple equivalent circuit (1978)
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    European biophysics journal 4 (1978), S. 115-128 
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    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Rod outer segment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This model of rod outer segment adaptation is based on the hypothesis that transmitter substance released by bleached rhodopsin closes sodium channels in the outer segment plasma membrane, leading to hyperpolarization of the receptor. The outer segment adaptation processes of the model are associated with the transmitter release, the transmitter background concentration and the plasma membrane leakage. Changes in the three model parameters correspond to the three types of outer segment adaptation processes. According to the model the stimulus-response function is in every adaptational state U/U max −I/(I+I H ). The model predicts how each adaptation process affects I H and U max. Specifically, when the number of liberated transmitter molecules per isomerizing quantum decreases, the amplitude U max remains constant but I H increases. A short description of this model has been published in a paper reporting experimental results on background adaptation (HemilÄ, 1977).
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    The contribution of pigment transitions to sensitivity changes in the barnacle photoreceptor and the correlation with the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (1982)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 8 (1982), S. 161-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Photoreceptor ; Visual pigment ; Adaptation ; Facilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A conditioning light can cause a decrease (adaptation) or an increase (facilitation) in the sensitivity of barnacle photoreceptors, as measured by the amplitude of the late receptor potential (LRP). We show that a net transfer of visual pigment from the rhodopsin (R) to the metarhodopsin (M) state induces a large facilitation whereas the reverse transfer results in a much smaller facilitation or even an adaptation. These effects were not due to the response to the conditioning light but to the pigment reactions. When the conditioning light did not alter the pigment population (i.e., M → M, R → R) it was followed by an intermediate degree of facilitation. These conclusions are correct for cells which have relatively low sensitivity. In sensitive cells, all pigment transitions produce adaptation. LRP facilitation and the prolonged depolarizing afterpotential (PDA) show several common characteristics with respect to pigment transitions: 1.Their magnitude increases with the amount of pigment transferred from R to M. 2. Both are depressed by the M → R transition. 3. Their production is impeded by the M → R transition. 4. The PDA itself is facilitated by the R → M transition and this facilitation decays with a time course comparable to that of LRP facilitation. These results suggest that there may be an underlying process common to LRP facilitation and PDA.
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    Sensitivity changes of photoreceptor cells of Hirudo medicinalis caused by changes in extracellular calcium concentration (1982)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 8 (1982), S. 173-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Leech photoreceptors ; Extracellular calcium ; Excitation ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Extracellular recordings from the vacoule of photoreceptor cells of Hirudo medicinalis L. were performed using microelectrodes. The cells were adapted by white light flashes given at constant intervals (20 s). Response height versus relative intensity curves obtained from the same cell in physiological saline (PS) and in bathing solutions of either a) lowered calcium contents (2 ΜM/1 or less) or b) raised calcium contents (15 mM/1) were compared. The cells' adaptation state in PS was operationally defined by the ratio Q=h A /h S where h A is the response height evoked by the adapting flashes, and h S is the corresponding saturation response height. Sensitivity changes were measured by the half saturation intensity shift. Lowering extracellular calcium resulted in: 1. The response height increased and the shape of the response became more rounded and prolonged. 2. The total resistance between the vacuole and outside decreased from 8.2±1.4 MΩ (n=6) in PS to 4.6±0.4 MΩ (n=5). The resistance was independent of the cells' adaptation state. 3. A change of the cells' sensitivity occured either in direction to light adaptation or in direction to dark adaptation. It depended functionally on the ratio Q: a) if Q was less or equal to about 0.6 the cells' sensitivity increased. b) if Q was greater than 0.6 the cells' sensitivity diminished. Raising extracellular calcium decreased the sensitivity of all cells tested independent of their adaptation states in PS. The results can be interpreted under the assumptions that 1. the sensitivity of leech photoreceptor cells is inversely proportional to the intracellular free calcium concentration and Z. intracellular calcium can interact with extracellular calcium in relatively dark adapted cells whereas in relatively light adapted cells the raise of intracellular free calcium is mainly effected by a release from intracellular stores. It is assumed that a Q value of about 0.6 separates relatively light adapted cells from relatively dark adapted cells.
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    Phosphorylation of rhodopsin as a possible mechanism of adaptation (1977)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Rodopsin ; Phosphorylation ; Adaptation ; Retina ; Cyclic nucleotides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Light-induced phosphorylation of rhodopsin has been extensively studied by a number of investigators from a biochemical point of view. However, little is known about the physiological function of this reaction. The slow rates measured for phosphorylation and dephosphorylation suggest that it may be involved in visual adaptation rather than in excitation. This paper presents biochemical data obtained from phosphorylation experiments in isolated photoreceptor membranes as well as in the more physiological system of whole retinas and living animals. An attempt is made to compare the phosphorylation reaction with visual adaptation hypotheses taken from the electrophysiological literature. Finally, effects of cyclic nucleotide metabolism on the sensitivity of photoreceptors are presented and discussed.
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    Calcium ion, a putative intracellular messenger for light-adaptation in Limulus ventral photoreceptors (1977)
    Springer
    European biophysics journal 3 (1977), S. 141-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1017
    Keywords: Calcium ; Limulus ; Photoreceptors ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Calcium ion fulfills several criteria for identifying an intracellular messenger for light-adaptation in Limulus photoreceptors. Direct injection of Ca++ mimicks two aspects of light-adaptation; sequestration of intracellular calcium tends to prevent light-adaptation; and light induces an increase in intracellular Ca++ as demonstrated by two independent techniques.
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    Crypt cell production rate, enterocyte turnover time and appearance of transport along the jejunal villus of the rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 1191 (1994), S. 197-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Jejunum) ; Abdominal radiation ; Absorption ; Adaptation ; Crypt cell production rate ; Diabetes ; Enterocyte turnover time ; Intestinal resection
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(94)90249-6
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    Purification and partial characterization of a procaryotic glycoprotein from the plasma membrane of Thermoplasma acidophilum
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 556 (1979), S. 265-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Mass spectrometry, Thermoplasma acidophilum) ; Adaptation ; Plasma membrane ; Prokaryotic glycoprotein
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2736(79)90047-6
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    Characterization of an Escherichia coli gene encoding betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) : structural similarity to mammalian ALDHs and a plant BADH
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Gene 103 (1991), S. 45-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-1119
    Keywords: Adaptation ; cloning ; eukaryote-prokaryote divergence ; evolution ; fungal ALDH ; homeostatic functions ; nucleotide sequence ; osmoregulation ; protein homology ; salt tolerance
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-1119(91)90389-S
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    The effect of inositol hexaphosphate in the high-affinity hemoglobin of the Andean chicken (Gallus gallus)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 109 (1994), S. 437-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Chicken ; Hemoglobin affinity ; High altitude ; Hypoxia ; Inositol hexaphosphate ; Inositol pentaphosphate ; P50
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(94)90026-4
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    Transposable elements in mosquitoes and other insect species
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part B: Biochemistry and 109 (1994), S. 531-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 0305-0491
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Biodiversity ; Gene amplification ; Insecticide resistance ; LINE ; Molecular evolution ; Mosquitoes ; Repetitive sequences ; Transposable elements
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0305-0491(94)90115-5
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    Pheromone-induced second-messenger signaling in insect antennae
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 23 (1993), S. 757-762 
    Details
    ISSN: 0965-1748
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cyclic GMP ; Heliothis virescens ; Inositol trisphosphate ; Pheromones ; Primary reaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0965-1748(93)90063-X
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    New trends in photobiology - Adaptation of the photosynthetic apparatus of cyanobacteria to light and co"2
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 21 (1993), S. 3-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon ; Cyanobacteria ; Light quality/intensity ; Photosystems I/II ; Phycobilisomes
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(93)80159-7
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    New trends in photobiology - Short-term adaptation of plants to changing light intensities and its relation to Photosystem II photochemistry and fluorescence emission
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 26 (1994), S. 3-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Chlorophyll ; Fluorescence ; Photoinhibition ; Photosynthesis ; Photosystem II
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(94)85032-1
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    Carbon affinity adaptation of Synechococcus and its phycocyanin mutant to various CO"2 concentrations and light intensities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 26 (1994), S. 97-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Carbon uptake ; Phycocyanin mutant ; Synechococcus
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(94)85040-2
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    New trends in photobiology - Intracellular processing of a spatially non-uniform stimulus: Case study of phototropism in Phycomyces
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 19 (1993), S. 161-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1011-1344
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Directional growth ; Lens effect ; Pattern of excitation ; Symmetry breaks ; UV-receptor.
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/1011-1344(93)87082-X
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    Comparative behavior of three wheat cultivars and their mixture in India, Nepal and Pakistan
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Field Crops Research 39 (1994), S. 71-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4290
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Crop mixtures ; G x E interaction ; Multilines ; Stability ; Sustainability ; Varietal mixtures
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4290(94)90010-8
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    Dietary regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis - I. Rapid and specific modulation of enzyme synthesis by changes in dietary composition
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 654 (1981), S. 111-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Rat pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Dietary regulation ; Enzyme synthesis ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2787(81)90142-8
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    Dietary regulation of pancreatic protein synthesis - II. Kinetics of adaptation of protein synthesis and its effect on enzyme content
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 654 (1981), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Rat pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Dietary regulation ; Enzyme synthesis ; Protein synthesis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2787(81)90143-X
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    Effect of diet composition on the protein synthetic pattern of the rat pancreas after a feeding period of five days
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA Section Nucleic Acids And Protein Synthesis 606 (1980), S. 138-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2787
    Keywords: (Pancreas) ; Adaptation ; Diet effect ; Protein synthesis ; Secretory proteins
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    Feeding rats a diet enriched with saturated fatty acids prevents the inhibitory effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on the in vitro uptake of hexoses and lipids
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 1084 (1991), S. 122-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: Absorption ; Adaptation ; Alcohol ; Cholesterol ; Fatty acids ; Galactose ; Glucose ; Hexose
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-2760(91)90210-9
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    Adaptive modification of membrane lipids in Tetrahymena pyriformis during starvation - Alterations in phospholipid composition and positional distribution of fatty acyl chains
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Lipids and Lipid Metabolism 666 (1981), S. 36-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2760
    Keywords: (Tetrahymena) ; Acyl chain ; Adaptation ; Membrane lipid ; Phospholipid ; Positional distribution ; Starvation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
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    A critique of Darwinian anthropology
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 10 (1989), S. 131-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Behavior ; Darwinian anthropology ; Darwinian psychology ; Evolutionary psychology ; Reproductive success
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(89)90016-2
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    Further comment on allomothering and adaptation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 3 (1982), S. 135-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Allomothering ; Aunting ; Infant handling ; Selfishness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    Anorexia nervosa, amenorrhea, and adaptation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 8 (1987), S. 47-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Anorexia nervosa ; Female reproductive strategy ; Puberty delay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(87)90018-5
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    Three sensible paradigms for research on evolution and human behavior?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990), S. 353-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cultural Transmission ; Optimization ; Psychology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    The past explains the present - Emotional adaptations and the structure of ancestral environments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990), S. 375-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptationist program ; Emotion ; Environment of evolutionary adaptedness ; Evolutionary psychology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    An evolutionary analysis of psychological pain following rape: - I. The effects of victim's age and marital status
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990), S. 155-176 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Age ; Evolutionary psychology ; Marriage, Psychological pain ; Rape ; Sociobiology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(90)90008-T
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    Fat, sex, class, adaptive flexibility, and cultural change
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 13 (1992), S. 523-542 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Competition ; Cultural change ; Fatness ; History ; Nutrition ; Sex differences ; Social class ; Thinness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(92)90015-V
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    Losing behavior (yielding subroutine) and human depression: Proximate and selective mechanisms
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 8 (1987), S. 99-109 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Agonistic behavior ; Depression ; Difference amplification ; Dominance ; Hierarchy ; Inclusive fitness ; Ritual ; Submissiveness
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(87)90022-7
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    Rethinking human ethology - A response to some recent critiques
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 10 (1989), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Fitness ; Human evolution
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(89)90021-6
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    Adaptation, selection, and benefit-cost balances: Implications of behavioral-physiological studies of social dominance in male vervet monkeys
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 5 (1984), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Basal cortisol ; Benefit-cost balances ; Selection ; Social dominance ; Vervet monkey ; Whole blood serotonin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(84)90006-2
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    Adaptation, selection, and benefit-cost balances: Implications of behavioral-physiological studies of social dominance in male vervet monkeys
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 5 (1984), S. 269-277 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Basal cortisol ; Benefit-cost balances ; Selection ; Social dominance ; Vervet monkey ; Whole blood serotonin
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    An evolutionary perspective on substance abuse
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 15 (1994), S. 339-348 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Drugs ; Evolution ; Psychiatry ; Substance abuse
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
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    Which humans behave adaptively, and why does it matter?
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990), S. 305-339 
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    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptiveness ; Cultural evolution ; Demographic transition ; Evolutionary psychology ; Nonadaptive evolution ; Reference groups ; Reproductive success
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(90)90013-V
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    Adaptiveness and adaptation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 11 (1990), S. 427-444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Adaptiveness ; Darwinism ; Environment of evolutionary adaptedness ; Evolutionary psychology
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0162-3095(90)90019-3
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    The problem of adaptation in the study of human behavior
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 8 (1987), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Evolutionay biological anthropology ; Natural selection ; Reproductive success
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(87)90058-6
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  • 74
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    The use and abuse of Darwinian psychology: Its impact on attempts to determine the evolutionary basis of human rape
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Ethology and Sociobiology 13 (1992), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0162-3095
    Keywords: Adaptation ; By-product ; Darwinian psychology ; Rape
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0162-3095(92)90028-3
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  • 75
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    Enhanced locomotor reactivity to apomorphine following repeated cocaine treatment
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 49 (1994), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Behavioral sensitization ; Cocaine ; Dopamine receptors ; Receptor plasticity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(94)90485-5
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  • 76
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    Acute and chronic stressor effects on the antibody response to sheep red blood cells
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 46 (1993), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-3057
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Immunity ; Neuroimmunomodulation ; Stress
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(93)90377-6
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  • 77
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    Modeling adaptive biological systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 23 (1989), S. 113-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Complex systems ; Evolution ; Modeling ; Networks ; Self-organization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90016-6
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  • 78
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    Kinetic implications of structural modification in protein turnover
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 22 (1989), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Catastrophe ; D1 protein ; Degradation ; Homeostasis ; Model
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90065-8
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  • 79
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    Rapid exploration of alternatives via chaos
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 32 (1994), S. 93-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Analytic maps ; Temporary chaos
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(94)90034-5
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  • 80
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    Thermal properties of NAD malate dehydrogenase and glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase in two genotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana (Cruciferae) from contrasting environments
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Plant Science Letters 31 (1983), S. 35-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4211
    Keywords: Acclimation ; Adaptation ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; Ecotypes ; Enzymes ; Thermostability
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4211(83)90127-X
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  • 81
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    Increased intestinal iron absorption in rats with normal hepatic iron stores. Kinetic aspects of the adaptative response to parenteral iron repletion in dietary iron deficiency
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 1033 (1990), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: (Rat) ; Adaptation ; Ferritin ; Instestine ; Iron absorption ; Kinetics ; Non-heme iron
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(90)90133-H
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  • 82
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    The growth of Escherichia coli in glucose-limited chemostat cultures: a re-examination of the kinetics
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/General Subjects 1201 (1994), S. 424-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0304-4165
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Continuous culture ; E. coli ; Kinetics ; Non-equilibrium thermodynamics ; Oligotrophy ; Sugar analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0304-4165(94)90072-8
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  • 83
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    Ovarian melanotropic peptides and adaptation in two teleostean species: Sparus aurata L. and Dicentrarchus labrax L.
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 15 (1994), S. 927-931 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Melanotropic peptides ; Sea bass ; Sea bream
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(94)90052-3
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  • 84
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    Some electrical properties of the cercal anemoreceptors of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 107 (1994), S. 357-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cercus ; Cereal filiform sensilla ; Insect ; Mechanoreceptor ; Periplaneta americana ; Receptor potentials ; Sensory neurons
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(94)90393-X
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  • 85
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    Clastogenic adaptation triggered by S-phase-independent clastogens in Vicia faba
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research Letters 190 (1987), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0165-7992
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Bleomycin ; Clastogens ; S-phase-independent ; Vicia faba ; X-rays, small doses
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-7992(87)90044-3
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  • 86
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    The lifetime of photosensory signals in Halobacterium halobium and its dependence on protein methylation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Molecular Cell Research 1052 (1990), S. 96-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-4889
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Archaebacteria (H. halobium) ; Photobehavior ; Protein methylation ; Signal lifetime ; Signal transduction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-4889(90)90062-I
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  • 87
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    Myosin isozyme changes in the heart following constriction of the ascending aorta of a 25-day old rat
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 161 (1983), S. 230-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Cardiac hypertrophy ; Light chain ; Myosin isozyme
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(83)81014-X
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  • 88
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    Biochemical basis for glyphosate-tolerance in a bacterium and a plant tissue culture
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 157 (1983), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: 5-Enolpyruvylshikimic acid-3-phosphate synthase ; Adaptation ; Enzyme inhibition Tolerance ; Glyphosate
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(83)81143-0
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  • 89
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    Calcium regulates the rate of rhodopsin disactivation and the primary amplification step in visual transduction
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 242 (1989), S. 249-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ca^2^+ ; Light scattering ; Phosphorylation ; Photoreception ; Rhodopsin ; Transducin disactivation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(89)80479-X
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  • 90
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    The mechanism of neuronal resistance and adaptation to hypoxia
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 224 (1987), S. 4-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Ca^2^+ influx ; Hypoxia ; Neuronal resistance ; Taurine
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0014-5793(87)80411-8
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  • 91
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    Microbial responses to experimental sea-ice formation: Implications for the establishment of Antarctic sea-ice communities
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 173 (1993), S. 273-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0981
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Antarctica ; Bacteria ; Physiology ; Phytoplankton ; Sea-ice formation
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(93)90058-V
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  • 92
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    An improvement in Pichia stipitis fermentation of acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose achieved by overliming (calcium hydroxide treatment) and strain adaptation (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 281-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Adaptation ; fermentation ; hemicellulose ; hydrolysate ; overliming
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The fermentability of a corn cob, acid-hydrolysed hemicellulose by Pichia stipitis was considerably improved by pre-treatment with Ca(OH)2. The total sugars utilized and ethanol yield for the untreated hydrolysate were 18% and 0.21 g/g, respectively, compared with 82% and 0.32 g/g respectively for the treated material. Adaptation of the yeast to the hydrolysate resulted in a significantly higher fermentation rate with over 90% of the initial total sugars being utilized and an ethanol yield and maximum ethanol concentration of 0.41 g/g and 13.3 g/l, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00360928
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    Continuous anaerobic phenol degradation using an adapted mixed culture (1996)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 12 (1996), S. 409-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Adaptation ; anaerobic ; packed bed ; phenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A mixed culture derived from cow dung and sewage sludge and adapted to phenol was used for anaerobic phenol degradation. The phenol degradation rate depended on the period of adaptation of the mixed culture to phenol. In the continuous process, a higher degradation rate (2500 mg.1-1 d-1) and better reactor stability was achieved with a granular activated-carbon-packed bed reactor than with a stirred tank reactor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00340222
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    Thermal adaptation and acclimation of ecotypic populations of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) schleid. (lemnaceae): Temperature dependency of K"m of nad malate dehydrogenase
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 8 (1983), S. 289-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Lemnaceae ; Michaelis-Menten constant ; NAD malate dehydrogenase ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; acclimation ; acclimatory changes ; clones ; ecotypes ; greater duckweed ; specific activity ; thermal effects K"m
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(83)90011-6
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    Basic mechanisms in thermal long-term and short-term adaptation
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 11 (1986), S. 73-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; brown adipose tissue ; nonshivering thermogenesis ; nucleus raphe magnus ; subcoeruleus area ; thermal receptors
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(86)90022-7
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    Adaptation of Drosophila enzymes to temperature-VI. Acclimation studies using the malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) systems
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 14 (1989), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Drosophila ; acclimation ; development ; enzyme kinetics ; enzymes ; lactate dehydrogenase ; malate dehydrogenase
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(89)90013-2
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    Thermal adaptation and acclimation of ecotypic populations of Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid. (Lemnaceae): Morphology and growth rates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Thermal Biology 6 (1981), S. 121-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0306-4565
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Lemnaceae ; Spirodela polyrhiza ; acclimation ; acclimatory changes ; clones ; ecotypes ; greater duckweed ; growth rates ; morphology ; thermal effects
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0306-4565(81)90047-4
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    Bacteria tolerant to organic solvents (1998)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 2 (1998), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Solvent-tolerant bacteria ; Adaptation ; Resistance ; Toxicity ; Log P ; Stress
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The toxic effects that organic solvents have on whole cells is an important drawback in the application of these solvents in environmental biotechnology and in the production of fine chemicals by whole-cell biotransformations. Hydrophobic organic solvents, such as toluene, are toxic for living organisms because they accumulate in and disrupt cell membranes. The toxicity of a compound correlates with the logarithm of its partition coefficient with octanol and water (log P ow). Substances with a log P ow value between 1 and 5 are, in general, toxic for whole cells. However, in recent years different bacterial strains have been isolated and characterized that can adapt to the presence of organic solvents. These strains grow in the presence of a second phase of solvents previously believed to be lethal. Different mechanisms contributing to the solvent tolerance of these strains have been found. Alterations in the composition of the cytoplasmic and outer membrane have been described. These adaptations suppress the effects of the solvents on the membrane stability or limit the rate of diffusion into the membrane. Furthermore, changes in the rate of the biosynthesis of the phospholipids were reported to accelerate repair processes. In addition to these adaptation mechanisms compensating the toxic effect of the organic solvents, mechanisms do exist that actively decrease the amount of the toxic solvent in the cells. An efflux system actively decreasing the amount of solvents in the cell has been described recently. We review here the current knowledge about exceptional strains that can grow in the presence of toxic solvents and the mechanisms responsible for their survival.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007920050065
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    Bacillus sp. WW3-SN6, a novel facultatively alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from the washwaters of edible olives (2000)
    Springer
    Extremophiles 4 (2000), S. 201-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-4909
    Keywords: Key words Olive wastes ; Bacillus ; Alkaliphile ; Growth characteristics ; Lipid composition ; Phylogeny ; Adaptation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel Gram-positive facultatively alkaliphilic, sporulating, rod-shaped bacterium, designated as WW3-SN6, has been isolated from the alkaline washwaters derived from the preparation of edible olives. The bacterium is nonmotile, and flagella are not observed. It is oxidase positive and catalase negative. The facultative alkaliphile grows from pH 7.0 to 10.5, with a broad optimum from pH 8.0 to 9.0. It could grow in up to 15% (w/v) NaCl, and over the temperature range from 4° to 37°C, with an optimum between 27° and 32°C: therefore, it is both halotolerant and psychrotolerant. The bacterium is sensitive to a range of β-lactam, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics, but resistant to trimethoprim. The range of amino acids, sugars, and polyols utilized as growth substrates indicates that this alkaliphile is a heterotrophic bacterium. d(+)-glucose, d(+)-glucose-6-phosphate, d(+)-cellobiose, starch, or sucrose are the substrates best utilized. The major membrane lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol, with smaller amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown phospholipid. During growth at high pH, the proportion of phosphatidylglycerol is increased relative to phosphatidylethanolamine. The fatty acyl components in the membrane phospholipids are mainly branched chain, with 13-methyl tetradecanoic and 12-methyl tetradecanoic acids as the predominant components. The G + C content of the genomic DNA is 41.1 ± 1.0 mol%. The results of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis place this alkaliphilic bacterium in a cluster, together with an unnamed alkaliphilic Bacillus species (98.2% similarity).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010712
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    Regulation of sex-specific feeding behavior in fiddler crabs: physiological properties of chemoreceptor neurons in claws and legs of males and females (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 513-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Adaptation ; Chemosensation ; Crustacea ; Disadaptation ; Sexual dimorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study examined properties of chemoreceptor neurons in the claws and legs of the fiddler crabs Uca pugilator and U. pugnax. The primary goal was to establish the neural basis of previously observed greater female sensitivity to feeding stimulants, and secondarily to compare physiological properties of chemoreceptor neurons in these semi-terrestrial crustaceans with those of fully aquatic forms. Sensitivity of chemoreceptor neurons in claws and legs is sex-specific; individual neurons of females respond to lower stimulus concentrations than male chemoreceptor neurons, and equivalent concentrations elicit greater spiking in female vs male chemoreceptor neurons. Thus, the population of chemoreceptor neurons in females expresses lower thresholds and greater average sensitivity than in males. Greater sensitivity of claw neurons explains observations indicating that females continue to feed at food levels too low to stimulate males. Sensitivity differences in leg neurons of males vs females have no clear behavioral correlate, but suggest that females can orient to more dilute stimuli than males. Chemoreceptor neurons of fiddler crabs have low sensitivities and slow rates of adaptation compared to other crustaceans. Also, neurons in claws adapt less slowly than neurons in legs, which may reflect subtle differences in the chemical stimulus environment experienced by claws vs legs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196417
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