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  • 1
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    Recovery and Treatment of Solid Waste (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The recovery of solid waste is a challenge and an opportunity for companies, thanks to the ongoing awareness of sustainability and technological advances. The end-of-waste criteria constitute a European strategic goal that promotes recycling in order to ensure a high level of environmental protection by means of reducing the quantity of waste destined for disposal. This Special Issue promotes the knowledge regarding technological methods for solid waste recovery. Articles investigate innovative processing methods with the goal of valorizing solid waste from different civil and industrial activities. Topics includes studies on construction and building, mining, plastics, and WEEE, referring to the treatment techniques used and, where appropriate, the critical raw materials that can be valorized. The recovery processes of critical raw materials can be very energy-intensive, affecting environmental and soil factors. Case studies on sustainable, low-carbon and resource-efficient techniques for the purpose of a more competitive economy were also very welcomed. The environmental impact and safety measures, especially for dangerous waste, should be taken into account in the description of their processing and management.
    Keywords: cathode ray tube ; lead recovery ; lead leaching and electrodeposition ; environmental assessment ; phosphate cements ; calcined dolomite ; quartz sand ; calcined magnesite ; temperature ; K-struvite ; industrial waste ; chromium ; high-performance concrete ; ultra-high-performance concrete ; fibers ; mechanical strength ; alkali-activated cement ; geopolymers ; building materials ; PET ; compressive strength ; water absorption ; WPCBs dismantling ; metals dissolution ; copper recovery ; economic assessment ; process modeling and simulation ; low-temperature processing ; WEEE (waste of electric and electronic equipment) recycling ; materials separation ; process characterization ; SEM/EDS ; torrefaction ; solid fuel ; waste to carbon ; circular economy ; biodegradable materials ; calorific value ; methane fermentation ; biogas ; biomethane ; biochar ; pyrolysis ; hydrothermal carbonization ; biochemical methane potential ; biogas production kinetics ; industrial wastes ; arc furnace slag ; ceramic sludge ; β-wollastonite ; parawollastonite ; porous ceramics ; waste management ; sustainability development ; apple pomace ; active compounds ; extraction ; renewable energy ; anticorrosion agents ; biopolymers ; PCB ; recycling ; metal recovery ; mechanical pre-treatment ; production waste ; rock wool ; glass wool ; loss on ignition ; pollutants washout ; geopolymer ; waste slurry ; flocculation ; solidification ; pipe jacking ; air flow rate ; composting ; municipal solid waste ; monitoring ; optimization ; spatial distributions ; crystallization ; glass–ceramics ; diopside ; anorthite ; by-pass cement ; aluminum dross ; thermodynamic analysis ; kinetics ; hemp stalk ; bio-insulating material ; sustainability ; sound absorbing properties ; thermal absorption properties ; green composite material ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Modularity and Twinning in Mineral Crystal Structures (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The articles published in this Special Issue reprint offer a sound update of research fields where the concepts of modular crystallography are important and provide unique keys to understand and to solve problems of structural crystallography. Polytypism, polysomatism, and twinning are fertile fields of research, and their basic principles—often coupled with the OD (order-disorder) theory—are powerful tools to solve and classify related crystal structures. Research on twinning and its consequences on structure and properties of crystalline materials is cutting-edge, e.g., dealing with relations between twin walls and piezoelectricity.
    Keywords: tetrahedrite ; tennantite ; twinning ; order–disorder approach ; tetrahedral framework ; modular structures ; polysomes (series) ; synthetic analogues of minerals ; transition metal phosphates ; X-ray diffraction ; antiferromagnets ; frustrated magnets ; kagomé lattice ; chemical ordering ; superstructure ; spryite ; argyrodite-type compounds ; ultra-low temperature ; RE-silicate-germanate ; hydrothermal synthesis ; layered silicates ; modular approach ; wollastonite chain ; topology-symmetry analysis ; OD theory ; structure prediction ; luminescence properties ; twin wall ; twin boundary ; minerals ; emerging properties ; piezoelectricity in minerals ; surface relaxations ; anorthite ; Pamierite ; perovskite ; OD structures ; polytypism ; polymorphism ; heteropolyhedral framework ; modularity ; topology ; borophosphates ; aluminophosphates ; DFT ; electron diffraction ; c-type reflections ; ordering ; calcite ; glendonite ; TEM ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    An experimental study on the pressure dependence of viscosity in silicate melts (2010)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The effect of pressure on melt viscosity was investigated for five compositions along the join An(CaAl2Si2O8)–Di(CaMgSi2O6) and four alkali silicates containing lithium, sodium, and potassium in constant ratio of ∼ 1:1:1, but alkali-silica ratios are varying. The experiments were performed in an internally heated gas pressure vessel at pressures from 50 to 400 MPa in the viscosity range from 108 to 1011.5 Pa⋅s using parallel plate viscometry. The polymerized An composition shows a negative pressure dependence of viscosity while the other, more depolymerized compositions of the join An–Di have neutral to positive pressure coefficients. The alkali silicates display neutral to slightly positive pressure coefficients for melt viscosity. These findings in the high viscosity range of 108–1011 Pa⋅s, where pressure appears to be more efficient than in low viscous melts at high temperature, are consistent with previous results on the viscosity of polymerized to depolymerized melts in the system NaAlSi3O8–CaMgSi2O6 by Behrens and Schulze [ H. Behrens and F. Schulze, Am. Mineral. 88, 1351 (2003) ]. Thus we confirm that the sign of the pressure coefficient for viscosity is mainly related to the degree of melt polymerization in silicate and aluminosilicate melts.
    Description: DFG Grant n.°BE1720/9
    Description: Published
    Description: 044504-14
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: viscosity ; polymerisation ; anorthite ; diopside ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase Formation in Gels of the Apatite-Anorthite System (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 13 (1998), S. 255-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: composites ; gel-glass ; glass-ceramics ; apatite ; anorthite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Phase formation in heat-treated composites containing anorthite gel and fluorapatite has been investigated. For the sol-gel synthesis TEOS, Al(NO3)3·9H2 O, Ca(NO3)2·4H2O, (NH4)3PO4·3H2O, NH4F and CaF2 were used as precursors. The gel mixtures were treated from 200 to 1250°C. It was found that the gels remain in an amorphous state up to 900°C. From X-ray diffraction structural analysis of anorthite gel-glasses heat treated at 600°C and 800°C it was found that a shift of the first maximum occurred from 1.85 to 1.77 Å, which could be interpreted as a transformation of the gel-glass structure with increasing temperature. During the heat treatment of the mixed gels from the apatite-anorthite system it was found that fluorapatite is present as a major crystal phase at 950°C. At 1250°C anorthite and gehlenite are the major crystalline phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008647404796
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular dynamics simulation of the effect of the Al-O-Al linkage on the P&1macr;-I&1macr; phase transition of anorthite (1999)
    Springer
    Physics and chemistry of minerals 26 (1999), S. 624-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2021
    Keywords: Key words Molecular dynamics simulation ; anorthite ; Al-O-Al linkage ; P&1macr;-I&1macr; phase transition ; Ca position
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the influence of the Al-O-Al linkage on the P&1macr;-I&1macr; phase transition of pure anorthite (An) were carried out using two different types of structures with fully ordered (FO) and partially disordered (PD) arrangements of Al/Si in tetrahedral sites. Discontinuous changes in unit cell volumes and structure factors at the transition temperature were observed in FO-An but not in PD-An. These results show that the orders of the transitions of FO-An and PD-An are first and non-first, respectively. In both structures, the motions of the Ca atoms and the framework are strongly correlated with each other during the transition and Ca atoms dominate the system. Since high-temperature X-ray studies have shown that the transition of natural anorthite is non-first order, it is suggested that the natural anorthite has a partially disordered arrangement of Al and Si atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002690050227
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass/Crystal Interfaces in Liquid-Phase Sintered Materials (2000)
    Springer
    Interface science 8 (2000), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2746
    Keywords: interfaces ; liquid-phase sintering glass ; intergranular ; anorthite ; dewetting ; monticellite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a review of our studies of interfaces in liquid-phase sintered materials. Recent studies of three different types of interface are discussed, namely, (i) the interface between the free surface of the crystal and the glass, (ii) the interface between the intergranular glass and the crystal and (iii) the interface between the crystallized glass and the substrate crystal. Model systems with relatively well known thermodynamic and crystallographic properties have been chosen. The relationship between the three types of interface is discussed. The dewetting of silicate liquids on free surfaces provides an opportunity to study directly the interface between the free surface and glass. Observations on polycrystalline samples and bicrystals give new understanding of the interplay between intergranular glass layers and the adjoining crystalline grains. Crystallization of the glass on single-crystal substrates directly gives information about the crystallized-glass/crystal interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008767111340
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