ALBERT

Description:    Satellite transmitters were attached to 25 reproductively active and four inactive adult male loggerhead sea turtles (86.6–107.0 cm SCLmin) captured from the Port Canaveral, FL, USA shipping channel to assess horizontal and vertical distributions. During the breeding period, male loggerheads aggregated (44% of 755 turtle days) in a 117.6 km 2 core area that encompassed the shipping channel. Median dive duration during the breeding period was 27 min (IQR = 15–42 min) and males spent 4% (IQR = 3–5%) of the time at the surface, with significantly shorter dives associated with reproductively active males. Migrant and resident males dispersed concurrently, with residents shifting 〉 30 km east across the continental shelf over a more protracted departure schedule than migrants. Dive duration and time spent at the surface increased through the fall. Cluster analysis revealed the strongest association for dive duration with sea state during and after the breeding period, with significantly longer dives during more turbulent conditions. In contrast, univariate associations with surface interval duration were not elucidated. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1793-5 Authors Michael D. Arendt, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Albert L. Segars, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Julia I. Byrd, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Jessica Boynton, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA J. David Whitaker, Marine Resources Division, South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, 217 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Lindsey Parker, Marine Extension Service, University of Georgia, 715 Bay Street, Brunswick, GA 31520, USA David W. Owens, Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Gaëlle Blanvillain, Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, 205 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA Joseph M. Quattro, Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Mark A. Roberts, Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, 715 Sumter Street, Columbia, SC 29208, USA Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    As a result of aquaculture activities, Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) have invaded European coasts. Using seven microsatellites, we found virtually no genetic differentiation between natural populations throughout the European range (from the south of the Wadden Sea (the Netherlands) to the south of France) and French cultivated oysters. The genetic homogeneity of Pacific oyster samples appears to be the result of repeated transfers from same seed stocks made for aquaculture and, to a lesser extent, widespread dispersal due to specific biological traits of this species. The only genetic differentiation of Sylt population in the north of the Wadden Sea (Germany) suggests a stronger, persistent impact of ongoing supply of new genetic material from hatchery production, corresponding to seeds selection made by breeders. All of our genetic data highlighted the importance of aquaculture practices on the genetic structure of the keystone invader C. gigas in Europe. Content Type Journal Article Category Original Paper Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00227-012-2102-7 Authors Anne-Leila Meistertzheim, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin—LEMAR, UMR CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France Sophie Arnaud-Haond, Ifremer, Unité Etude des Ecosystèmes Profonds—DEEP, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France Pierre Boudry, Ifremer, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin—LEMAR, UMR CNRS 6539, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France Marie-Thérèse Thébault, Laboratoire des Sciences de l’Environnement Marin—LEMAR, UMR CNRS 6539, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, Université de Bretagne occidentale, 29280 Plouzané, France Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    We compared the results from fixed acoustic transmitters and transmitters implanted in lingcod Ophiodon elongatus provided by two fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring systems: the older Vemco © Radio Acoustic Positioning (VRAP) system and the newer VR2W Positioning System (VPS) with either three or four receivers. The four-receiver VPS method calculated five times more positions of lingcod than VRAP and more than twice as many as the three-receiver VPS. Calculated positions of fixed transmitters were less precise with VRAP than either VPS approach. Measurements of home range for lingcod were similar between the four-receiver VPS and VRAP, which were both greater than the three-receiver VPS. Comparisons varied when lingcod were in/near complex habitats. As new technology develops, it is important to understand how new methods compare to previous methods. This may be important when describing patterns of movement or habitat use in the context of changes in habitat or management efforts. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1724-5 Authors Kelly S. Andrews, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Nick Tolimieri, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Greg D. Williams, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Jameal F. Samhouri, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Chris J. Harvey, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Phillip S. Levin, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112, USA Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    The swimming crab, Portunus trituberculatus , is an important marine fishery and aquaculture species. Although P. trituberculatus is a euryhaline species, water salinity condition influenced its distribution, migration route, and artificial propagations. To investigate gene expression in the P. trituberculatus exposed to different salinity stresses, 2426 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from gill cDNA library were selected to spot on a cDNA microarray chip. In total, 417 differentially expressed genes were identified and grouped into eight clusters by hierarchical clustering analysis. Approximately 71.5% of grouped genes belonged to three independent expression patterns, indicating that these three expression patterns may represent three important stress tolerance pathways or networks in P. trituberculatus. Moreover, our cDNA microarray data suggested that there were differences in gene expression patterns of P. trituberculatus for low salinity and high salinity acclimation, suggesting that two salinity challenges resulted in a wide variation of gene expression in P. trituberculatus. In addition, a series of genes such as CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein, Na/K ATPase β-subunit, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) genes were suggested to be key elements during salinity acclimation process. Overall, this work represented an important step toward understanding the molecular processes and mechanisms involved in salinity acclimation of the swimming crab. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-12 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1721-8 Authors Qianghua Xu, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New Harbor, Shanghai, 201306 People’s Republic of China Yang Liu, The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Exploitation of Oceanic Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, No. 999 Huchenghuan Road, Lingang New Harbor, Shanghai, 201306 People’s Republic of China Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    Understanding the evolutionary processes from recent demographic history is especially difficult for interstitial organisms due to their poorly known natural history. In this study, the genetic variation and population history of the four Ototyphlonemertes (Diesing in Sitz ber Math Nat Kl Akad Wiss Wien 46:413–416, 1863 ) species were evaluated from samples collected along the Brazilian coast (between 27°31′S and 13°00′W) in 2006. The mitochondrial region cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 (COX3) is analyzed to assess the genetic variation of these dioecious species. Although these species have a sympatric distribution along the coast, our data suggest that their levels of differentiation and their demographic histories differ sharply. There is strong evidence of gene flow among demes in O. erneba and O. evelinae , and their level of structuring is much lower than for the other two species. Indeed, the COX3 fragment reveals cryptic lineages in O. lactea and O. parmula . The results seem to contradict the high genetic structuring and low intrapopulational variability expected with the ecological constriction and habitat discontinuity faced by these organisms, meaning that there might be gene flow among populations or their dispersal capability has been underestimated. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-16 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1718-3 Authors Sónia C. S. Andrade, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA Jon L. Norenburg, Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0163, USA Vera N. Solferini, Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    Multilocus allozyme heterozygosity (MLH) has been positively correlated with growth in some marine bivalves and was suggested to facilitate swimming activity in pectinids. Using two highly mobile scallops, Placopecten magellanicus and Argopecten purpuratus , we examined escape response performance and morphometric characteristics as a function of allelic variability at metabolic loci. Ten allozyme systems were used for A. purpuratus and 7 for P. magellanicus . In each species, the morphometric characteristics and escape response parameters were analyzed separately using principal components analysis (PCA) and the scores of the major principal components were related to allozyme heterozygosity. In both P. magellanicus and A. purpuratus , positive correlations were found between MLH and morphometric parameters, but escape response parameters were only positively linked to MLH in P. magellanicus , and then weakly. The hypothesis that MLH improves fitness of pectinids by increasing the capacity to escape predators is not supported. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-11 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1702-y Authors Hernán M. Pérez, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada Katherina B. Brokordt, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile Réjean Tremblay, Institut des Sciences de la Mer de Rimouski, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC G5L 3A1, Canada Helga E. Guderley, Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1K 7P4, Canada Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    Mesocosm experiments coupled with dilution grazing experiments were carried out during the phytoplankton spring bloom 2009. The interactions between phytoplankton, microzooplankton and copepods were investigated using natural plankton communities obtained from Helgoland Roads (54°11.3′N; 7°54.0′E), North Sea. In the absence of mesozooplankton grazers, the microzooplankton rapidly responded to different prey availabilities; this was most pronounced for ciliates such as strombidiids and strobilids. The occurrence of ciliates was strongly dependent on specific prey and abrupt losses in their relative importance with the disappearance of their prey were observed. Thecate and athecate dinoflagellates had a broader food spectrum and slower reaction times compared with ciliates. In general, high microzooplankton potential grazing impacts with an average consumption of 120% of the phytoplankton production ( P p ) were measured. Thus, the decline in phytoplankton biomass could be mainly attributed to an intense grazing by microzooplankton. Copepods were less important phytoplankton grazers consuming on average only 47% of P p . Microzooplankton in turn contributed a substantial part to the copepods’ diets especially with decreasing quality of phytoplankton food due to nutrient limitation over the course of the bloom. Copepod grazing rates exceeded microzooplankton growth, suggesting their strong top-down control potential on microzooplankton in the field. Selective grazing by microzooplankton was an important factor for stabilising a bloom of less-preferred diatom species in our mesocosms with specific species ( Thalassiosira spp., Rhizosolenia spp. and Chaetoceros spp.) dominating the bloom. This study demonstrates the importance of microzooplankton grazers for structuring and controlling phytoplankton spring blooms in temperate waters and the important role of copepods as top-down regulators of microzooplankton. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-30 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1670-2 Authors Martin G. J. Löder, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, POB 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany Cédric Meunier, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, POB 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany Karen H. Wiltshire, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, POB 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany Maarten Boersma, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, POB 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany Nicole Aberle, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, POB 180, 27483 Helgoland, Germany Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    Jellyfish are increasingly topical within studies of marine food webs. Stable isotope analysis represents a valuable technique to unravel the complex trophic role of these long-overlooked species. In other taxa, sample preservation has been shown to alter the isotopic values of species under consideration, potentially leading to misinterpretation of trophic ecology. To identify potential preservation effects in jellyfish, we collected Aurelia aurita from Strangford Lough (54 o 22′44.73″N, 5 o 32′53.44″W) during May 2009 and processed them using three different methods prior to isotopic analysis (unpreserved, frozen and preserved in ethanol). A distinct preservation effect was found on δ 15 N values: furthermore, preservation also influenced the positive allometric relationship between individual size and δ 15 N values. Conversely, δ 13 C values remained consistent between the three preservation methods, conflicting with previous findings for other invertebrate, fish and mammalian species. These findings have implications for incorporation of jellyfish into marine food webs and remote sampling regimes where preservation of samples is unavoidable. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-6 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1714-7 Authors Nicholas E. C. Fleming, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK Jonathan D. R. Houghton, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK Caroline L. Magill, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK Chris Harrod, School of Biological Sciences, Medical Biology Centre, Queen’s University, Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL UK Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    Egg and faecal pellet production and egg hatching success of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus were monitored over a period of 14 days (14–28 April, 2008) while fed water from 4 differently treated mesocosms and ambient water. Two of the mesocosms used were inoculated with the polyunsaturated aldehyde (PUA)-producing diatom Skeletonema marinoi , while 2 received only nutrient additions with or without silica. The mesocosms developed blooms of S. marinoi , mixed diatoms or the haptophyte Phaeocystis pouchetii , respectively. Faecal pellet production of C. finmarchicus increased with increasing food availability. Egg production increased with time in all mesocosms to a maximum single female production of 232 eggs female −1  day −1 (average of 90 eggs female −1  day −1 ) and followed the development of ciliates and P. pouchetii , but was not affected by the observed high (up to 15 nmol L −1 ) PUA production potential of the phytoplankton. The hatching success of the eggs produced on the mesocosm diets was high (78–96%) and was not affected by either aldehydes in the maternal diet or exposure to the dissolved aldehydes in the water. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-21 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1705-8 Authors Sigrún H. Jónasdóttir, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kavalergaarden 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Jörg Dutz, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kavalergaarden 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Marja Koski, Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kavalergaarden 6, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark Lidia Yebra, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Apdo. 285, 29640 Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain Hans Henrik Jakobsen, National Environmental Research Institute, Aarhus University, Box. 358, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Charles Vidoudez, Friedrich Schiller University, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany Georg Pohnert, Friedrich Schiller University, Bioorganic Analytics, Lessingstr. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany Jens C. Nejstgaard, Uni Research, Thormøhlensgate 49, 5006 Bergen, Norway Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162

Description:    The non-breeding movements of marine birds were poorly known until recently, but this information is essential to understanding the risk to different geographical populations from events on the wintering grounds. We tracked the migration routes and wintering areas of Thick-billed Murre Uria lomvia from two breeding colonies in eastern Canada: Coats Island in northern Hudson Bay and The Minarets, Baffin Island, during the period August 2007–May 2008 using geolocation loggers. Birds from The Minarets moved south rapidly post-breeding and wintered principally off Newfoundland and southern Labrador, or between Newfoundland and southern Greenland, remaining south of 55°N until at least the spring equinox. Those from Coats Island remained in Hudson Bay until at least mid-November, after which they moved rapidly through Hudson Strait to winter in southern Davis Strait and the northern Labrador Sea, mostly north of 55°N. Many individuals stayed throughout the winter in areas of heavy ice cover. Adults from the two colonies appear to be completely segregated in winter and those from Coats Island probably did not enter the area of the winter hunt in Newfoundland. Unexpectedly, some birds from The Minarets wintered in waters beyond the continental slope and outside the distribution of pack ice, demonstrating that particular individuals can be wholly pelagic throughout the winter. Coats Island birds returned through Hudson Strait as soon as open water areas became available in spring. Their sojourn in Hudson Bay coincided very closely with the occurrence of areas with 〈90% ice cover. In spite of the relatively large error in positions obtained from geolocation loggers, our results demonstrated the value of these devices by uncovering a number of previously unknown aspects of Thick-billed Murre non-breeding ecology in the Northwest Atlantic. Comparison of the non-breeding ecology based on SST experienced in winter show that the winter niche is broader than hitherto assumed, demonstrating that separate populations may experience different selection in the face of climate change. Content Type Journal Article Pages 1-13 DOI 10.1007/s00227-011-1704-9 Authors Anthony J. Gaston, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada Paul A. Smith, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada Laura McFarlane Tranquilla, Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Programme, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada William A. Montevecchi, Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Programme, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada David A. Fifield, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada H. Grant Gilchrist, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada April Hedd, Cognitive and Behavioural Ecology Programme, Departments of Psychology and Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X9, Canada Mark L. Mallory, Canadian Wildlife Service, P.O. Box 1714, Iqaluit, NU X0A 0H0, Canada Gregory J. Robertson, Wildlife Research Division, Environment Canada, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, NL A1N 4T3, Canada Richard A. Phillips, British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Madingley Road, High Cross, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire CB3 0ET, UK Journal Marine Biology Online ISSN 1432-1793 Print ISSN 0025-3162