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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (443)
  • 42.75
  • 1950-1954  (443)
  • 1953  (443)
  • 101
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organische Werkstoffe (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 461-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041211
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  • 102
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    Schaum. Von E. Manegold. - Heidelberg: Straßenbau, Chemie und Technik, Verlags-GmbH. 1953 - 520 S., 295 Abb., Lw. DM 64.- (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 269-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040718
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  • 103
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    Personalnachrichten (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 271-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040722
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  • 104
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    Das Verhalten von Alkalihydrogenfluoriden, insbesondere des Hydrogenfluoridgemisches „WB4“ gegenüber Eisen (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 349-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The Behaviour of Alkali Hydrogen Fluorides - in particular the Hydrogen Fluoride Mixture “WB4” - in the Presence of IronThe discovery that KFHF and NH4FHF exercise a particularly destructive effect on the larvae of wood-boring insects and that KFHF does not have any harmful effect on iron, led to a series of experiments on the behaviour of hydrogen fluorides in the presence of iron. The series included experiments on the effect of continuous immersion at 80°C + 20°C, experiments on screws and on the influence of gas. The series of experiments previously described were amplified by (1) the substitution of vulcanite or polystyrene vessels for the glass vessels previously used; (2) tests on the hydrogen fluoride mixture „WB4“ which, in 1951, had an inhibitor added to it; and (3) experiments made as closely as possible under actual working conditions on iron nails and „WB4“. The experimental results obtained with KFHF, NH4FHF and the hydrogen fluoride mixture „WB4 - old and new“ are tabulated.
    Notes: Die Entdeckung der spezifisch hohen Wirksamkeit von KFHF und NH4FHF auf die Larven holzzerstörender Insekten und der Eisenunschädlichkeit von KFHF veranlaßt u. a. auch eine gründliche Untersuchung des Verhaltens der Hyderogenfluoride gegenüber Eisen - geprüft wurde im: Standversuch (Dauertauchversuch) bei 80° C + 20°C, Schraubenversuch und Gaseinwirkungsversuch. - Die früher beschriebenen Versuche wurden ergänzt: 1. Durch Benutzung von Hartgummi- oder Polystyrolbehältern statt Glas. 2. Prüfung des seit 1951 mit einem Inhibitor versehenen Hydrogenfluoridgemisches „WB4“. 3. Praxisnahe Versuche mit Eisennäten und „WB4-. Die Versuchsergebnisse mit KFHF, NH4FHF und dem Hydrogenfluoridgemisch “WB4- alt und - neu“ werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041002
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  • 105
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    Allgemeines, Theorie und Messung der Korrosion (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 367-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041006
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  • 106
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    Organische Werkstoffe (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 382-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041010
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  • 107
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    Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie. 8. Aufl., Magnesium, Teil A, Lfg. 4 (Legierungen von Magnesium mit Zink bis Rhenium, Oberflächenbehandlung), herausgegeb. vom Gmelin - Institut in Clausthal-Zellerfeld. - Weinheim/Bergstraße: Verlag Chemie, GmbH. 1952 - IV, XIV, 336S., 96 Abb., kart. DM 100.- (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 394-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041014
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  • 108
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    Überzüge organischer Natur (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 387-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041013
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  • 109
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    Nachrichten (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. I 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041229
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  • 110
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    Demnächst erscheinende Beiträge (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 476-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041227
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  • 111
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    Berichtigung (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 476-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530041228
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  • 112
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    Über das Korrosionsverhalten von Eisen in hochkonzentrierter Salpetersäure (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 290-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Behaviour of Iron in highly concentrated Nitric AcidOn the passive state of iron in nitric acid - Experiments made with iron in highly-concentrated nitric acid - Intergranular decomposition of commercial sheet iron in highly concentrated nitric acid having more than 96%HNO3 by weight - Influence of test conditions and pre-test treatment and composition of the material upon intergranular decomposition -. The behaviour of pure iron and carburised iron in the presence of highly concentrated nitric acid - Investigations on the gaseous, liquid and solid products of decomposition resulting from the intergranular action of highly concentrated nitric acid on iron.
    Notes: Über den passiven Zustand von Eisen in Salpetersäure - Standversuche von Eisen in hochkonzentrierter Salpetersäure - Interkristalliner Zerfall von handelsüblichem Eisenblech in Hoko mit über 96 Gew. %HNO3 - Einfluß der Prüfbedingungen sowie der Vorbehandlung und der Zusammensetzung des Werkstoffes auf den interkristallinen Zerfall - Das Verhalten von Reinsteisen und von aufgekohltem Eisen gegenüber Hoko - Untersuchungen über die gasförmigen, gelösten und festen Zerfallsprodukte beim interkristallinen An-griff von Eisen durch Hoko.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040804
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  • 113
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    Allgemeines, Theorie und Messung der Korrosion (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 315-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040808
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  • 114
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    Überzüge organischer Natur (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 338-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040815
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  • 115
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    Nachrichten (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 348-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040821
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  • 116
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    Metallische Überzüge (1953)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 4 (1953), S. 335-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19530040813
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  • 117
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    Role of depropagation reactions in the copolymerization of styrene and sulfur dioxide (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 49-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The rate of reaction of sulfur dioxide in styrene solutions at 60°C., with azodiisobutyronitrile as thermal catalyst, has been measured: (1) by gravimetric determination of the total rate of polymerization and analysis of the polymer formed and (2) volumetrically. An experimental arrangement for the latter method, which can be used when the partial pressure of the solvent (styrene solution) is appreciable compared to that of the solute (sulfur dioxide) is described. The kinetics of reaction conform to the mechanism previously proposed, according to which sulfur dioxide reacts in the form of a 1/1 styrene/sulfur dioxide complex C. It is shown that certain features attributable to depropagation reactions, such as the increase in the styrene content of the copolymer with decreasing styrene concentration in the reaction mixture, are much more marked at 60°C than at 20°C. By combining the rate measurements with new data on the temperature dependence of copolymer composition at elevated temperatures, it is possible to assign an approximate value to the velocity constant of a depropagation reaction involving breakage of a carbon-sulfur bond. The activation energy is estimated at 50 to 62 kJ. (12 to 15 kcals.), which is much lower than that for depropagation of a vinyl polymer; the frequency factor is about 4 X 1010 to 3 X 1012sec.-1. Some data on the composition of polymers prepared at 0° and -20°C. are appended. It is shown that the C· + C propagation step, which seems negligible at 20°C. or above, becomes of some significance at lower temperatures. Under these conditions polymers containing less than two styrene units per sulfur dioxide can be prepared.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100105
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  • 118
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    Bestimmung des durchmessers geknäuelter fadenmoleküle aus lichtzersträuung und viskositätszahl: Untersuchungen an polymethylmethacrylatenPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 79-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Light-scattering investigations (angular and wavelength dependence) are made on a series of fractionated polymethacrylates; the diffusion constant, sedimentation constant, and intrinsic viscosity [η] are also determined. Molecular weights and diameters of the random coils are in agreement with these methods. Dependence of the diameters of the random coil dst on molecular weight is somewhat stronger than required by Kuhn's root law (dst∼M0,6). The influence of this finding on Debye's scattering function and on the Kirkwood-Riseman viscosity equation is studied.
    Notes: Sur une serie de palyméthacrylates de méthyl fractionnés des mesures de la diffusion lumineuse (en fonction de I'angle et de la longeur d'onde) on été faites, puis la constante de diffusion, la constante de sédimentation dans I'ultrazentrifugeuse et la viscosité intrinshque [η] ont été déterminés. Les poids moléculaires et les diamètres des chaînes souples sont en concordance d'après ces méthodes. La dépendance des diametres des chaines sonples d,l du poids molkculaire est un peu plus forte que d'aprh la loi de Kuhn (dst ≃ M0.6). L'influence de cette decouverte sur la fonction de la diffusion lumineuse de mihe que sur l'equation de la viscosite de Kirkwood et Riseman est étudiée.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100108
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  • 119
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    Extreme ultraviolet absorption spectra of various polymersPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The extreme ultraviolet absorption spectra between 1700-3000 A of a series of monomers and polymers show that, in addition to absorption due to the presence of chromophores such as phenyl rings and residual double bonds, other factors such as light scattering, orientation or polarization effects, and interaction, both intermolecular and intramolecular, are important in the observed spectra. In polymers such as polystyrene and polybutadiene, the effect due to scattering becomes appreciable (about 20-30%) at about 1700 A but the other factors do not appear to be important. In proteins, the absorption at short wavelengths is seen to be a function of absorbing chromophores as well as of residual double bond character of the polypeptide chain, of light scattering, and orientation or polarization and intramolecular effects. In other polyelectrolytes, such as polyvinylpyridinium chloride, changes in the 2000 A transition indicate that there is a degree of orientation and/or molecular interaction of the aromatic groups in these polymers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100109
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  • 120
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    The changes induced in sodium desoxyribonucleate by dilute acidPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 109-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Light scattering and viscosity studies have been made on solutions of sodium desoxyribonucleate in 0.2 M NaCl adjusted to pH values of 6.5, 3.0, and 2.6 by dialysis in order to prevent contact with more concentrated acid. It is found that the molecular weight (7,700,000) is the same under these three conditions and remains so when the acid solutions are adjusted to pH 6.5. Upon lowering the pH the molecular size decreases due to increased coiling, but returns to its original value upon reneutralization. At pH 2.6 the mean radius of the molecule is less than half the pH 6.5 value. It is argued that these observations invalidate the existing evidence for degradation or disaggregation accompanying the appearance of new titratable groups. However, it is likely that most of the amino groups have not been titrated at pH 2.6 at the ionic strength employed here. Consequently the possibility remains that the stability at pH 2.6 is a consequence of a hydrogen-bonded structure that is still largely intact.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100110
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  • 121
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    Shear dependence of the viscosity-concentration equation (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 123-125 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100112
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  • 122
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    Method of determining intrinsic viscosity from data at one concentration (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 126-126 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100113
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  • 123
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    Kinetics of removal of the easily accessible fraction from cellulose fibers in acid hydrolysisPaper presented before the Section “Cell Wall Constituents,” XIIth International Congress of Pure and Applied Chemistry, New York, 1951. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 213-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100209
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  • 124
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    Hydratation de diverses formes polymorphes de la cellulosePresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 223-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction experiments confirm the data obtained by the blotting or centrifuging method, concerning the action of water which penetrates at different degrees in the regions of cellulose. Different forms of cellulose are more or less easily accessible. X-rays only show variations of intensity for native cellulose, but the unit cells are changed for lattices II and IIIα; the transformations are still deeper for cellulose IIIβ. X-ray diffraction does not permit determination of the stoichiometric ratios.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100210
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  • 125
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    Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationships for dextranThis work was sponsored, in part, by the Office of the Surgeon General, Department of the Army. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Intrinsic viscosities of dextrans of known branching ratio were measured in water formamide, and in a water-methanol mixture at two temperatures. Weight-average molecular weights (sedimentation equilibrium) ranged from 1.1 × 104 to 1.7 × 106. A model for the hydrolyzed dextran molecule was assumed. Using the methods of Zimm and Stockmayer, the g factor calculated from this model was compared with the g factor obtained from the intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight data through the use of the Flory-Fox theory (g = ratio of squares of radii of gyration of branched to unbranched polymer). The calculated branch lengths required to make consistent the g factors obtained by two different routes were of the same order of magnitude as those found by classical organic chemical methods for other dextran preparations. The intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relation at 25°C. in water for linear dextran was predicted from the data. It is suggested that investigations of branched polymers of known constitution be carried out by these methods.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100211
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  • 126
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    Role of velocity gradient in viscosity measurements of polymethacrylic acid solutions (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 253-255 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100213
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  • 127
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    Diffusion of acetone into cellulose nitrate films and study of the accompanying orientationPresented before the Division of Physical and Inorganic Chemistry, meeting of American Chemical Society, Cleveland, Ohio, April, 1951. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 241-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Studies have been made of sorption and desorption of acetone by films of cellulose nitrate (11 and 12% N) at 30°C. by following the weight of vapor takeup or loss as a function of time. The takeup-time curves show marked inflections and plots of takeup versus \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\sqrt t$\end{document} are initially nonlinear for both sorption and desorption, indicating that Fick's law with the usual boundary conditions is not obeyed. The rate of vapor takeup is also considerably more rapid and different in character for films cast on glass than for films cast on mercury. A striking result is that for successive sorption-desorption cycles the rate of sorption decreases markedly, e.g., by a factor of 16 for five cycles. Studies of the optical anisotropy of the films show that the orientation of the polymer molecules normal to the plane of the film is increased by the diffusion process and it is concluded that this accounts for the decreased rate for successive sorption-desorption cycles and provides an explanation for the diffusion anomalies. A possible cause of this orientation is the observed anisotropic swelling combined with slow movement of the polymer segments.
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    X-Ray and light scattering by chain molecules in solutionPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 157-166 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Starting from Debyes theory the problem of x-ray and visible light scattering of chain molecules in solution is shown to be essentially a problem of distance statistics. The exact calculation of the average \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {r^4 }$\end{document} is carried out for a simple model in order to characterize the distance distribution functions as to their width. On that basis a refined approximation of the scattering function is available. By a numerical example the essential features of the preliminary theory are corroborated. It is shown that the scattering function of a coiled chain molecule approaches asymptotically that of the corresponding rigid rod.
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    Sur l'étude des mélanges de protéines au moyen de la lumière diffusèePresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 167-174 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Molecular weights of lactoglobuline and trypsin, as determined at pH 6.8, agree with the data generally admitted. However the molecular weight of trypsin in 1/100 M hydrochloric acid solution in the absence of salts, is two to three times lower than the value received in buffered solution at pH 6.8. With the purpose of detecting any combination or polymerization reaction, the study of mixtures showed that no conclusion may be obtained from the values of diffused light intensity at 90° when the diffusion diagram is not rigorously symmetrical.
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    The distribution of polymer fractionsCommunication No. 1500. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 175-183 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Systems which obey the Flory-Scott equation are discussed, and it is shown that the molecular-weight distribution of increasingly small fractions taken from a polymer solution of the same initial concentration becomes constant. Means of calculating this limiting distribution of an incipient fraction are presented, and it is shown that, in a practical sense, all fractions smaller than the order of one-sixth the polymer present have nearly the same distribution. To obtain sharp fractions it is more efficacious to take a small number of cuts per stage and refractionate a number of times.
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    Polymer news (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 200-200 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100207
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    A method for studying crosslinking in addition polymerizationTaken from the M. S. Thesis submitted by Murray Berdick to the graduate faculty of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn; presented before the Division of Polymer Chemistry, American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, September, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 61-70 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Vinyl acetate has been copolymerized with small amounts of the diallyl ester of dithiodiglycolic acid (DADT). A method has been devised for the reduction of the disulfide crosslinks to sulfhydryl groups by means of thioglycolic acid under mild conditions, thereby enabling the recovery of the primary molecules of the original polymers. The method has been applied both to soluble copolymers (made with the lowest concentrations of DADT) and to insoluble space-network copolymers (made with slightly higher concentrations of DADT). The polymers have been characterized before and after reduction by viscosity determinations. The reduction process had only a negligible effect on the viscosity of poly(vinyl acetate). The rate of reduction was diffusion controlled not only in the case of the gels, but apparently also in cases where soluble polymers were made with amounts of DADT less than necessary for gelation at high conversion. The DADT acted not only as a crosslinking agent, but also as a chain transfer agent. The method is suggested as potentially useful in developing the theory of three dimensional polymerization, and in studying the properties of space-network polymers.
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    Photochemistry of proteins. XVII. Inactivation of enzymes with ultraviolet light and photolysis of the peptide bond (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 333-344 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ribonuclease and carboxypeptidase are inactivated by ultraviolet light (2537 A.) with quantum yields of 0.03 and 0.001-0.005 respectively. The quantum yields for low molecular weight proteins are of the order of 0.03 and are higher than those for splitting peptide bonds in typical peptides (0.004-0.0004 or less). It is postulated that the primary process of inactivation involves modification of aromatic residues in proteins. A possible reason for the inverse relationship between quantum yields and molecular weights of enzymes and proteins is discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    Comments on the question of the correct values for the light scattering powers of pure liquids (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 351-352 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100307
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    Infrared examination of various polyisoprenesThis work was supported by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Office of Rubber Reserve, at Mellon Institute. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 353-370 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The infrared spectra of synthetic polyisoprenes have been used to obtain quantitative analyses for the various types of addition occurring in the polymers. It is found that the composition of polymers prepared in bulk and emulsion systems is, within experimental error, independent of specific catalyst and per cent conversion of monomer to polymer. The structure of these materials is affected by preparation temperature, increasing temperature leading to a slight increase in 3,4 addition and a large increase in cis 1,4 addition. Polymers prepared in solution with alfin and sodium catalysts show increased amounts of 3,4 addition at the expense of 1,4 addition. Polymers prepared with a cationic catalyst (BF3) are apparently not exclusively linear polyisoprenes.
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    An experimental study of the influence of various factors on the time dependent nature of diffusion in polymers (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 97-115 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The kinetics of the sorption and desorption of methylene chloride by cellulose acetate and polystyrene have been studied by following the increase in mass of a polymer sheet suspended from a quartz spring in an atmosphere of the vapor. A tenfold change in the molecular weight of polystyrene does not alter the sorption rate, but a slight increase in rate is obtained when the molecules of this polymer are given a large unidirectional orientation in the plane of the polymer sheet. In agreement with other work, a considerable increase in both sorption and desorption rate is obtained by increasing the pressure of the solvent vapor. Previously it had been shown that a plot of the mass of sorbed vapor against the square root of the time has a slope that increases with time. It was shown that this peculiar characteristic of the sorption kinetics could not be accounted for by a purely concentration dependent diffusion coefficient, and it was suggested that it might be due either to a slow response of the diffusion coefficient to change in solvent concentrationor to the stresses set up between the swollen and unswollen parts of the polymer. Here it is shown that neither hypothesis alone will account for all the observed effects of the thickness of the polystyrene or cellulose acetate sheet upon the sorption and desorption kinetics. Sorption experiments on polymer sheet already containing some dissolved solvent do not show this peculiar characteristic of increasing slope when the concentration difference between the start and the end of the experiment is small, but when this is large very peculiar curves are obtained. The effects can be reconciled with either of the proposed mechanisms. Measurements of the changes in area during sorption and desorption have been measured on polystyrene sheet and these lend support to the strain hypothesis but also indicate that some plastic, as well as elastic, deformation of the polymer takes place during sorption.
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    Fitting of polymer distributions of molecular weight by the method of moments (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 150-150 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110205
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    Influence of temperature of polymerization on the structural composition of emulsion polymers of butadiene (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 139-149 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This report assembles and correlates published data relating to the effect of temperature of polymerization on the structural composition of butadiene polymers, that is, on the relative percentages of polymer double bonds, derived from butadiene, in the 1,2 (vinyl), trans-1,4, and cis-1,4 configurations. The data support, and are not in conflict with, the following conclusions: (1) The percentages of vinyl, trans, and cis double bonds in emulsion polymers of butadiene are determined primarily by the temperature of polymerization in the fundamental way that is characteristic of systems of simultaneous competing reactions. (2) Other environmental features, such as type of recipe, and including the presence of a comonomer, e.g. up to 29% of styrene, have comparatively little effect on the relative amounts of vinyl, trans, and cis double bonds. (3) Differences in the physical properties of emulsion polymers of butadiene prepared at the same temperature probably must be attributed to differences in structure other than differences in the relative proportions of vinyl, trans, and cis double bonds, such as the average molecular weight, the molecular weight distribution, and the presence of a comonomer. It is shown that a maximum in the percentage of vinyl double bonds, previously indicated by experiment but attributed to gelation, is inherent to this system of three simultaneous competing modes of polymerization.
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    Second approximation calculations of mechanical and electrical relaxation and retardation distributions (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 169-175 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Second approximation methods for calculating distribution functions of mechanical relaxation times from complex dynamic data have been improved so that calculations of adequate accuracy can be made over a wider range of variables than was previously possible. Analogous methods for calculating distribution functions of mechanical retardation times and electrical relaxation times are given. The numerical values of the required second approximation correction factors are tabulated.
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    Analytische chemie der plaste (kunststoff-analyse). Kurt Thinius. Springer, Berlin-Goettingen-Heidelberg, 1952. iv-480 pp. 30 illus (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 176-176 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110208
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    A theoretical investigation of the influence of molecular relaxation and internal stress on diffusion in polymers (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 151-168 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent experiments have indicated that the diffusion properties of a penetrant-polymer system may change with time as diffusion proceeds. It is thought that two possible explanations of these time effects are slow changes of polymer structure accompanying diffusion and internal stresses exerted by one part of the polymer sheet on another as it swells. Two theoretical models are set up in order to express these effects quantitatively. The first model is essentially that in terms of which mechanical and other properties of polymers are commonly discussed, involving the concept of an instantaneous change of diffusion coefficient when the concentration changes, followed by a slow drift toward an equilibrium value. The second model expresses the effect of stresses set up between the outer swollen layers and the unattacked center of a polymer sheet during sorption. These stresses are slowly relieved as the diffusion proceeds, leading to a time-dependent diffusion coefficient. The main features of diffusion behavior are established by calculation and the models are shown to account for the various types of sorption and desorption curves observed experimentally under different conditions, e.g., for sheets of different thicknesses and for different ranges of penetrant concentration. As examples, sorption and desorption curves calculated from the first model are shown to agree reasonably well with experimental curves for the methylene chloride-polystyrene system. The rate of sorption and of the associated change in area of the sheet are accounted for by the second model. The presence of internal stresses also provides an explanation for the observation that there may be an appreciable interval of time during which a thin sheet takes up more penetrant than a thicker one under corresponding conditions. On the other hand, it is the slow structural changes which cause the rate of sorption to be not always inversely proportional to the square of the thickness of the sheet. It is concluded that both polymer relaxation and internal stresses play a part in determining diffusion behavior. The particular experimental results examined can be accounted for if the half-life of the slow structural changes is comparable with that of the sorption experiment itself, and if the internal stresses change the diffusion coefficient by a factor of two or three.
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    Dielectric relaxation in a series of polyvinyl acetals (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 177-186 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dielectric properties of polyvinyl isobutyral, hexanal, and 2-ethylhexanal have been investigated. Dielectric constants and loss factors were measured at eight frequencies between 50 and 100,000 cycles in the temperature range of 25 to 130°C. Free energies, entropies, and enthalpies of activation were calculated, using the absolute reaction rate theory. The results illustrate the effects of “internal plasticization.” With increasing complexity of the interchain substituent, the electrical relaxation time is lowered, and the free energy, entropy, and enthalpy of dielectric relaxation are also decreased. These changes offer a quantitative measure of the decrease in interchain forces. It was also noted that the normal aldehyde substituents exhibited greater plasticizing action than the branched chain secondary groups. The electrical transition temperatures were compared with independently determined softening and inflection temperatures. The electrical and mechanical determinations were in good agreement for identical samples of the polymers.
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    Refractometric determination of second order transition temperatures in polymers. VI. Effect of molecular weight on the transition temperature of polyvinyl acetate (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 221-224 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The transition temperatures (TG) of unfractionated vinyl acetate polymers increase from 17° to 26° as the molecular weight increases from 14,000 to 104,000 and from 26° to 28° as the molecular weight increases from 104,000 to 1,120,000. The minimum molecular weight above which increase in molecular weight does not appreciably change TG is about 100,000. TG increases linearly with the reciprocal of the square root of the molecular weight.
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    Uncertainties in measurement of osmotic pressure of polymer solutions (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 225-231 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: For a particular sample of polystyrene, different osmometric estimates of Mn have been reported. The possibility that the difference is due, in the one case, to permeation of the membrane by low molecular weight polymer has been carefully considered. It is shown that this can not be the explanation. The difference is in some way associated with chemical differences in the membranes used. Apart from these considerations of error, the significance of the number-average molecular weights of the unfractionated polymers of commerce is shown to be more acutely dependent upon the detail of the low molecular weight end of the distribution than may be realized. The present calculations are based upon a realistic estimate of the low molecular weight polymer content of commercial polymers.
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    Oxidation of butadiene popcorn polymer (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 269-276 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Butadiene popcorn polymer reacted readily with oxygen to produce a yellow to orange colored product. The apparent over-all activation energy for the reaction averaged 16.7 kcal. Using the reaction with oxygen as a measure of the degree of unsaturation, the glassy type butadiene popcorn polymer was found to be more saturated that the earlier generation popcorn from which it was grown. The induction period which precedes the logarithmic growth of the polymer when placed in the presence of monomer increased as the oxygen content of the seeds increased. No increase in growth activity was ever attained by exposing the seeds to oxygen. Short exposures of the seeds to oxygen up to three hours at room temperature had no effect on the growth activity of the seeds. No correlation could be found between the seed growth activity and the degree of unsaturation as determined by the oxidation reaction.
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    Ultraviolet absorption spectra of polyamides (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 510-512 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Diffusion of organic molecules through wood (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 515-524 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The diffusion of alcohols, glycerol, phenol, formic, acetic and butyric acids through four species of Indian timbers in the water-saturated condition has been studied and the results reported. In contrast to several inorganic ions, Fick's law is obeyed by the organic molecules in the concentrations studied. As is to be expected, the diffusion in the axial direction is several times that in the other directions. The speed of diffusion decreases rapidly with the molecular weight of the substance and the density of the wood. While in the case of the alcohols the logarithm of the diffusion constant varies as the molecular weight with the acids the diffusion constant is proportional to the molecular weight.
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    Benzoyl peroxide initiated polymerization kinetics of vinyl monomers in various solvents (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 525-542 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Initial rates of polymerization in the presence of benzoyl peroxide as initiator have been determined for methyl methacrylate, vinyl acetate, and vinyl chloride in order to determine the order of reaction with respect to the monomer concentration. In the case of methyl methacrylate, the order of reaction is 1 if benzene is used as solvent; with tert-butylbenzene, the order of reaction is more complex, and can be interpreted by a “complex” formation mechanism (Mark-Josefowitz) or by cage effect (Matheson). In the case of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate in the presence, respectively, of ethyl chloride and ethyl acetate as solvent, the order of reaction has been evaluated to 3/2 vs. monomer concentration. On the contrary, addition of benzene, even in small quantities, produces a strong decrease in rate of polymerization in the case of vinyl acetate, and makes it illusory to determine the order of reaction at high monomer concentrations. Preliminary results using azo-bis-isobutyronitrile as initiator for vinyl acetate with benzene as solvent have shown that the considerable influence exerted by benzene in the previous case cannot be attributed to a difference of rate of decomposition of the peroxide only. The results are interpretd by the mechanism of chain-transfer reactions on the solvent, with formation of radicals from which the relative stability is different from that of the growing chains.
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    A new phenomenon in flow birefringence of solutions of macromolecular substances (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 543-550 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Measurements on flow birefringence of solutions of polyvinyl chloride in cyclohexanone revealed that the angle of orientation increases with decreasing concentration of the solution. That this surprising effect was not due to constructional or experimental errors was demonstrated by results obtained with polystyrene, which were in agreement with literature data.
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    Polymer news (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 558-558 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100606
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    Determination of the statistical segment size of polymer chains from stress-birefringence studiesThis work was supported in part by contracts with the Office of Naval Research at Princeton University and the University of Massachusetts. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110312
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    Quantum-mechanical discussion of the gas-phase formation of quinonedimethide monomers (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 289-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The formation of quinonedimethide monomers by pyrolysis of the corresponding dimethyl hydrocarbons has been described by Szwarc in a number of publications. Under certain conditions, the monomers so produced may polymerize to high molecular weight products which are of considerable interest. Some dimethylated hydrocarbons do not, however, appear to from monomers under these conditions, and the products of pyrolysis vary considerably with hydrocarbons of different structure. In this communication, the energetics of the various reactions leading to formation of radicals, quinonedimethide monomers, and products of their dimerization or disproportionation are briefly discussed theoretically. The kinetics of the most probable reaction sequences are discussed in the light of the energetic data, and it is shown that a number of features of results so far obtained can be understood in terms of this preliminary treatment. It is hoped that this approach will prove useful as a guide to the types of reactions to be expected for aromatic hydrocarbons of differing π-electron structure.
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    Polymerization of methyl methacrylate by its polymer (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 299-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Addition of its polymer causes methyl methacrylate to polymerize. The extent of polymerization is linear with time of reaction to at last 5% conversion at 60-90°C. The rate of polymerization is proportional to the first power of the concentration of added polymer and independent of its molecular weight. The molecular weight of the polymer formed increases with increase in reaction temperature. No polymerization caused by polymer occurred with the other polymer/monomer systems tested. The rate and nature of the initiating reaction are discussed.
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    Gutta. II. Interconversion of alpha and beta forms (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 307-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The gutta isolated from chicle has been demonstrated to be structurally identical with trans-polyisoprene from gutta percha and balata but has a molecular weight of 16,000-18,000, about one-half that of the latter two polymers. Its ease of purification and marked crystalline behaviour suggested its use in a study of gutta polymorphism.The α-and β-forms of chicle gutta were prepared and their identities were established by means of x-ray diffraction measurements and melting properties. The degree of crystallinity and internal molecular strain were shown to affect the melting points of the two forms of gutta through wide ranges. Interconversions of α-and β-guttas were effected by means of heat conditioning, solution and reprecipitation, melting and resolidification, and treatment of the gutta with nonsolvents. Dilatometric data were used to describe the change of specific volume when β-gutta was converted to α-gutta in a conditioning bath as the temperature was increased stepwise from 30°C. to 80°C. at the rate of 1°C. per hour. The discontinuous, saw-toothed nature of the specific volume vs. time curve was rationalized on a basis of reactions involving changes in degree of molecular order and relief of strain within the gutta. The curve suggested the following gross reactions: 30-36°C., thermal expansion of β-gutta of low crystallinity; 36-52°C., increase in degree of crystallinity of β-gutta; 52-60°C., melting of β-gutta; 60-64°C., transition of β- to α-gutta; 64-72°C., melting of α-gutta; 72-80°C., thermal expansion of molten gutta. α-Gutta, in the melted condition, was shown to undergo a transition, above 72°C., to a form whose stereo identity has not yet been established. The rate of transition from β-to α-gutta at temperatures at which α-is the stable form, appeared to be hastened in the presence of certain liquids.
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    Determination of the leveling-off degree of polymerization of cotton and rayonPresented in part before the Division of Cellulose Chemistry at the 116th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Atlantic City, New Jersey, September 18-23, 1949. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 577-586 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100608
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    Kinetics of chlorotrifluoroethylene polymerizationPresented at the Chicago Meeting, American Chemical Society, September, 1950. Taken from a dissertation submitted by W. M. Thomas to the Graduate Faculty of the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, in June, 1950, in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 455-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An exploratory investigation of the kinetics of the polymerization of chlorotrifluoroethylene (I) has been made. Experiments were conducted in bulk, in solution in several solvents, and in the presence of several comonomers. Acetyl peroxide (II) was found to be the most effective of common initiators and was used in most of the experiments. The sealed empoule technique was employed. The bulk polymerization of I is zero order to 60-80% conversion; the rate varies as the 0.7 to 0.8 power of the acetyl peroxide concentration, and the over-all activation energy is 17 kcal./mole. The solution polymerization in benzene appears to be first order in monomer; in other solvents the order was not ascertained. The rate and activation energy in solution are solvent dependent and there appears to be an inverse relationship between the rate of polymerization of I in a solvent and the rate of decomposition of II in that solvent. The rate of decomposition of II was measured in a number of solvents and found to vary widely and to parallel, roughly, the rate of decomposition of benzoyl peroxide. The polymerization rate of I in solution is also c. 0.7 order in acetyl peroxide, but was 0.5 order in Porofor N in limited experiments. From copolymerization experiments with styrene, vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate values of Q of 0.025, 0.025, and 0.016, and of e of 1.4, 2.0, 1.4, respectively, were inferred, in the Q-e scheme of Alfrey and Price. These results above are discussed in the light of polymerization theory.
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    On the effect of branching and polydispersity on the angular distribution of the light scattered by gaussian coilsWork supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N5ori-07654. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 507-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110512
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    Crystal structures. Section III and supplement II. RALPH W. G. WYCKOFF. Interscience, New York-London, 1953. Section III: 244 text pp., 176 illus., 220 table pp., $10.00. Supplement II: 30 text pp., 64 table pp., $4.00 (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 511-512 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110513
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    Configuration and optical activity of vinyl polymers (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 559-566 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It is obvious that the starred carbon atoms in vinyl polymers of the type exist in two distinct steric configurations which are denoted here by symbols + and -. It is shown that the existence of these configurations leads to the formation of different types of polymers; however, no simple relation correlates the optical activity of such polymers with the relative distribution of + and - configurations along the polymeric chain. The various possible structures are discussed in some detail. The kinetics of such polymerizations initiated by an optically active catalyst are treated by statistical methods.
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    Orientation processes in synthetic crystalline polymers in terms of morphology (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 567-574 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A new approach to orientation processes is proposed in terms of the morphology of crystalline polymers. Our present knowledge of the morphology of unoriented crystalline polymers is summarized, and the process of orientation is visualized as an alignment and pulling out of the submicroscopic and microscopic structural units. The various stages of this process are discussed and it is found that in this way several anomalous and hitherto unexplained orientation effects frequently described in the literature can be accounted for. The phenomenon of preferential tilt of the chains with respect to the fiber axis can now be explained in general terms. Peculiarities in the drawing-relaxation process, and the special case of perpendicular orientation, also substantiated by recent experiments, follow naturally from the new model.
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    GR-S fractionation by means of selective adsorptionThis investigation was carried out as a part of the research project sponsored by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Office of Synthetic Rubber, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 583-596 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110611
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    Copolymerization characteristics of some vinylnaphthalenes and vinylphenanthrenes (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 575-582 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: β-Vinylnaphthalene, 6-chloro-2-vinylnaphthalene, 4-chloro-1-vinylphenanthrene, and 2- and 3-vinylphenanthrenes have been copolymerized with styrene, methyl methacrylate and methyl acrylate. All copolymerize well to give products generally softening at higher temperatures than polystyrene of its copolymers. Analysis of the relative reactivities in copolymerization indicates that, with the exception of the single α-vinylnaphthalene derivative, these monomers are more reactive in copolymerization than styrene. This is in agreement with expectations based on the greater possibilities for resonance stabilization of an adjacent free radical by the naphthalene and phenanthrene nuclei.
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    Fitting of polymer distributions of molecular weight by the method of moments (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 1-18 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: As an alternative method to fractionating the polymer into portions of different molecular weight, in order to obtain the distribution of molecular weights, the method of fitting by statistical moments is proposed. It is shown how from a knowledge of differen order, utilising the inequalities between such averages and their relation to the dispersion of molecular weight, estimates of the distribution function can be obtained: (A) under the assumption of a standard form for the distribution function; (B) without such an assumption, but building up the approximation from a standard form as the norm function and its derivatives; (C) without using any standard form of distribution at all. Numerical examples of the fitting procedures accompany the exposition.
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    Effects of the ionizable components in cast phenoplasts (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 19-28 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The various stages employed in the production of a phenolformaldehyde cast resin are discussed. It is assumed that the chains formed during the condensation stage undergo a rearrangement upon acidification to yield roughly spherical, stabilized micelles. These micelles are concentrated by dehydration until coalescence begins. At this point the chains again rearrange and the resin becomes the continuous phase. Pronounced changes in the properties of the system are observed at this critical point. The effects produced by undercondensation, overcondensation, overdehydration, etc. are mentioned briefly. The ionizable components, by determining the interfacial pH during the curing stage, are shown to be directly related to the rate of cure, stability, color, light transmissibility, etc. of the cured casting. Transparent castings are expected only when an ionizable component of the proper refractive powers is oriented at the interface. An examination of the immediately available data provides a lead to the future changes that can be expected as aging progresses.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100102
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    Copolymerization of vinylsulfonic acid derivatives with butadieneThis investigation was carried out as a part of the research project sponsored by the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Synthetic Rubber Division, in connection with the Government Synthetic Rubber Program. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Copolymers of vinylsulfonic acid derivatives with butadiene, isoprene, and styrene have been prepared. The evaluation of butadiene-vinylsulfonic acid ester copolymers indicates that these rubbers have good low-temperature characteristics and that the stress-strain properties of the n-butyl vinylsulfonate copolymer approach those of the standard GR-S rubber; however the oil resistance properties are poor. The stress-strain properties of the butadiene-n-hexyl vinylsulfonate copolymer are inferior to those of the n-butyl analog.
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    Étude expèrimentale de la lumière diffusée par des bâtonnets anisotropesPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Assuming an anisotropic rod model for the molecule, the results of the light scattering theory was applied to suspension of tobacco mosaic virus. The anisotropy δ of the rod was first determined by extrapolating at zero diffusion angle the depolarization factor pv. A value of 0.3 was also found for δ, which seems to be high as compared with that received from flow birefringence experiments (δ = +0.1). By comparing the angular repartitions of the different components with the theoretical curves, one obtains a satisfactory agreement, taking a rod-length L = 2300 A, which agrees very well with the theory. An identical analysis, applied to thymonucleic acid S VIII, as prepared by Schwander in NaCl M neutral solution, gives the following values: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm \delta } = - 0,15{\rm et}L = 2000\mathop {\rm A}\limits^{\rm o}$\end{document}
    Notes: Nous avons appliaué à l'étude de suspensions de virus de la mosaïque du tabac les résultats de la théorie de la diffusion par des bâtonnets anisotropes. Dans ce but on détermine d'abord l'anisotropie δ du bâtonnet en extrapolant à angle de diffusion nul le facteur de dépolarisation ρv. On trouve ainsi δ = 0,3, valeur un peu forte comparée à celle déduite des expériences de biréfringence d'écoulement (δ = +0,1). Enfin comparant les répartitions angulaires des différentes composantes avec la courbe théorique, on obtient un accord trés satisfaisant en prenant pour longueur des bâtonnets L = 2300 Å, ce qui constitue un bonne vérification de la théorie précitée.La même analyse appliquée à l'acide thymonucleique S VIII préparé par Schwander en solution NaCl 1M neutre conduit aux valeurs: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${\rm \delta } = - 0,15{\rm et}L = 2000\mathop {\rm A}\limits^{\rm o}$\end{document}
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    Spaltung des fibrinmoleküls mittels cupriäthylendiaminPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg; June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 63-72 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Our investigations show that in the fibrin particle a continual distribution of the aromatic amino acids cannot be taken into account. The action of cupriaethylendiamine on fibrin splits the particle into two fractions “I” and “II.” Fraction I amounts about 75% of the molecule, is stable, insoluble in NaCl solution, and contains the whole amount of tyrosine of the fibrin molecule and 3% tryptophane. Fraction I, however showing the typical properties of a high molecular protein, cannot be brought into a fibrous form on addition of thrombin. Fraction II amounts about 15% of the molecule, in instable, soluble in NaCl-solution, contains no tyrosine, 3% tryptophane and probably much more arginine than fraction I and has the character of a proteid.
    Notes: Die Untersuchungen ergaben, dass beim Fibrin-Molekül von einer kontinuierlichen Verteilung der aromatischen Aminosäuren im allgemeinen nicht gesprochen werden kann. Die Einwirkung von Cupriäthylendiamin auf Fibrin führt zu einem Zerfall des Teilchens in zwei Fraktionen “I” und “II”. Fraktion I macht etwa 75% des Moleküls aus, ist stabil, unlöslich in NaCl-Lösung, enthält das gesamte Tyrosin des Fibrinmoleküls sowie 3% Tryptophan. Obwohl diese Fraktion noch deutlich die Eigenschaften eines hochpolymeren Eiweisskörpers zeigt, kann sie durch Thrombin nicht mehr fibrillär polymerisieren. Fraktion II dagegen macht rund 15% des Fibrins aus, ist labil, löslich in NaCl-Lösung, enthält kein Tyrosin, jedoch ebenfalls 3% Tryptophan, wahrscheinlich viel mehr Arginin als Fraktion I und trägt den Charakter eines Proteids.
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    Über ein neues differentialrefraktometerPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 73-78 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A differential refractometer is described which obtains an accuracy of one decimal more than previous instruments, by determining photometrically from marked graph points the distance of the slit images diffuses by interference. Calibration of the instrument is done experimentally or by calculation. It permits the determination of the dispersion of refractive index. Control measurements in aqueous sucrose solutions are in agreement with the values of the National Bureau of Standards.
    Notes: Es wird ein Differentialrefraktometer beschrieben das gegenüber den bisherigen Instrumenten eine um eine Zehnerpotenz gesteigerte Genauigkeit dadurch erreicht, dass es den Abstand der durch Beugung unscharfen Spaltabbildungen photometrisch aus markanten Kurvenpunkten bestimmen lässt. Das Gerät ist experimentell wie rechnerisch exakt kalibrierbar. Es erlaubt die Bestimmung der Dispersion von Brechungsindexdifferenzen. Kontrollmessungen an wässrigen Rohrzuckerlösungen ergeben gute Uebereinstimmung mit den Werten des National Bureau of Standards.
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    Investigation of halo patterns of amorphous polymers (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 201-211 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100208
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    Viscometric detection of branching in polymers. II. Branching in poly(butadiene-co-styrene) as a function of polymerization temperaturePaper presented at the Canadian High Polymer Forum, held as part of the Annual Conference of the Chemical Institute of Canada, in Montreal, June, 1952. The work, done as part of the requirements for the Master of Science degree, was supported by a grant from the National Research Council of Canada through its Associate Committee on Synthetic Rubber Research. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 185-199 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Samples of poly(butadiene-co-styrene) - all of charge ratio butadiene:styrene 72:28 - were prepared in emulsion at 15, 30, 40, and 50°C. Essentially the same redox recipe was used for each, with slight modifications to produce in about the same time polymers of similar intrinsic vistex (1.9 to 2.0) at similar conversions (about 65%) well below the gel point. Each sample was fractionated by precipitation from 1% benzene solution with methanol, special pains being taken to obtain fractions of equal size (each around 5% of the original rubber in the sample fractionated). Careful measurements of the viscosity functions [η], β, and k′ for each fraction were made; with every sample except that prepared at the lowest temperature, the values of β and k′ were observed to deviate in the high molecular weight region from the “base value” common to lower fractions, the deviation starting at a lower molecular weight, and being greater at a given high molecular weight, the higher the temperature of polymerization. It is concluded that branching in a diene polymer of this type is repressed as the temperature of polymerization is decreased: the lower the temperature the higher is the molecular weight at which branching is detectable and the lower is the degree of branching at a given molecular weight. In the 15°C. rubber no branching was detectable at any molecular weight.
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    Macromolecular extension and hydrodynamic parameters in intrinsic viscosityThis work was carried out at Cornell University as part of a research program supported by the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory, Cumberland, Maryland, an establishment owned by the United States Navy and operated by Hercules Powder Company under contract NOrd 10431. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 121-123 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100111
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    Monomers, section II. Edited by E. R. BLOUT and H. MARK. Interscience, New York, 1951. 288 pp., £5.00. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 127-127 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100114
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    Copolymerization (high polymers, vol. VIII). TURNER ALFREY, JR., JOHN J. BOHRER, and H. MARK. Interscience, New Rork, 1952, 269 pp. £6.80. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 127-128 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100115
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    Cellulose acetate plastics. VIVIAN STANNETT. Temple press, london 1950. 325 pp., 30 shillings net. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 128-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100116
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    Report on molecular-weight measurements of standard polystyrene samplesThis report, prepared by H. P. Frank and H. Mark, was submitted verbally by H. P. Frank to the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry at the meeting in New York on September 8, 1951. This printed version includes a few additional data and was submitted for discussion at the meeting in Strasbourg on June 9, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 129-148 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Four polystyrene samples were investigated in numerous laboratories by means of viscosimetry, osmometry, light scattering, and ultracentrifuge. The various results are compared and critically discussed. Possible explanations and suggestions for improvement are offered in those cases where considerable discrepancies occur. The results of viscosimetry and osmometry in general do not give satisfactory agreement whereas the light-scattering data, particularly in the high-molecular-weight range, and the few available ultracentrifugal results agree quite satisfactorily.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100201
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    Polymerization in bulk at high pressures (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 149-155 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this paper an apparatus is described for polymerizing monomers in bulk up to a pressure of 10000 atmospheres and in which the polymerizing substance can be heated and the temperature of the substance measured. Styrene shows an explosive reaction at 10000 atmospheres and at about 70°C. Indene polymerizes slowly when heating at 10000 atmospheres and shows an explosive reaction at 175°C. Both compounds give a solid polymer. Crotonaldehyde heated at 10000 atmospheres gives a brittle, high-melting polymer. Coumarone and some chlorinated ethylenes carbonize when heated at 10000 atmospheres. Butyraldehyde polymerizes to a solid product which rapidly reverts to butyraldehyde.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Physical chemistry of surface films. WILLIAM D. HARKINS. Reinhold, New York, 1952. 413 pp., $10.00. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 256-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100214
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    Determination of the rheological properties of fluids by an electronic method (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 257-273 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: It has long been known that a single point determination can not describe the rheological properties of a fluid. A new method applicable to nonconducting fluids with viscosities ranging from a few hundred to more than 15,000 poises is described. The method consists of a cup and ball in which the ball is forced into rather than pulled out of the cup. Viscosity is measured electronically as a function of the time required for the ball to move a predetermined distance under a given load. Shear rates are variable over very large ranges. Rheological studies were made of a blown castor oil, three polyisobutylenes, and a high viscosity polystyrene. In addition certain physical properties of polyisobutylenes are presented.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100301
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    Rupture of rubber. I. Characteristic energy for tearing (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 291-318 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A criterion for tearing of test-pieces cut from thin sheets of a natural rubber vulcanizate, similar in form to the Griffith criterion for spreading of a crack, is formulated. This criterion involves a characteristic energy for tearing which is independent of the shape of the test-piece and of the disposition of the cut. It is shown how this characteristic energy can be found experimentally for a particular vulcanizate and used to predict the force required to tear test-pieces of the vulcanizate.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100303
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    Crystallization of polyethylene terephthalateContribution No. 13. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 275-290 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A method for following rapid crystallization in polymers using infrared absorption has been devised. The infrared absorption was correlated quantitatively with the density of polyethylene terephthalate for varying degrees of crystallinity and qualitatively with the change in x-ray diffraction pattern on crystallization of this polymer. This technique has been applied to measure the crystallization-time curves of thin films of polyethylene terephthalate at intervals of 10°C. for temperatures between 120 and 240°C. Half-times from these curves show a minimum near 190°C. The temperature dependence of the data is discussed in terms of the Volmer-Becker-Turnbull theory of nucleation in condensed systems. An activation energy of 20 kcal./mole for short-range diffusion of chain segments is obtained from the temperature coefficient of the observed induction time. The data on the kinetics of the crystallization are compared with the results of an analysis of Avrami. A constant, A, was introduced into Avrami's equation to give: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ V = A(1 - \rm \exp \{ - Bt^k \} )\quad 1\bar 〈 k\bar 〈 4 $$\end{document} A is the limiting volume fraction of crystalline material after a long time and was determined from density measurements. The crystallization was found to follow this equation from 2 through 90% transformation for temperatures from 120 to 180°C. Deviation appeared in the region below 10% transformation at higher temperatures. The value of k was interpreted as indicating plate-like growth at crystallites from 120 to 180°C.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100302
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    Diffusion moléculaire de la lumière: Les constantes de lord rayleigh des liquides étalonsPresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 319-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A survey of the determinations of Rayleigh's constant for liquids shows that a number of different investigators using photographic methods arrive at self-consistent results which are considerably lower than those of Carr and Zimm and that expected from some theoretical views. The former set of results agree with modified theoretical views but neither this nor the determination of molecular weights allows a confirmation of the absolute value of the Rayleigh's constant. The authors recommend the adoption of the values determined photographically.
    Notes: Une revue des déterrninations des constantes de Rayleigh pour les liquides montre qu'un nombre appréciable de chercheurs différents arrivent è des réultats concordants en utilisant des m6thodes photographiques; ces rèultats sont considCablement plus bas que ceux de Carr et Zimm et que ceux prévus par la thérie. Le premier groupe de rbultats confirme des considérations thériques modifiées, mais ni ces réultats ni la dbtermination des poi& moléculahes n'apportent de confirmation de la valeur absolue de la constante de Rayleigh. Les auteurs recommandent l'adoption des valeurs déterminks photographiquement.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100304
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    Interpretation of weak maxima in amorphous diffraction patterns (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 187-189 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110210
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    Rate of polymerization of methacrylic acid in alkaline solution (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 189-192 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110211
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    Relation between stress relaxation and aging resistance of rubber vulcanizates. II. Effect of copper in various accelerated stocks (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 449-456 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Some details for the construction of a modulus balance and thermostat are discussed. A new dumbbell type is developed for aging tests. In four stocks containing different accelerators, the function of copper applied as stearate is investigated. In the case of Santocure, a comparatively high sensitivity is found, and the t1/2 (TB) value for aging at 70°C. represents a sensitive measure of the prooxygenic effect, whereas relaxation times at 121° showed a smaller but definite variation. With MBT boosted with DPG only a limited effect was observed. Conversely, for the thiurams, copper addition produced a marked antioxidant effect comparable with the retardation normally effected by 2PHR of ordinary antioxidants. 0.05% copper showed an antioxidant activity equivalent to the 2PHR antioxidant. Consistent results were obtained for aging, relaxation, and rate of oxidation. The factors of retardation as might be expected, however, are not quite comparable. The factor of retardation for copper alone is 4-8 units. The copper develops in the thiuram vulcanizates a strong brown color giving colored solutions upon extraction with acetone and iso-octane. As the spectrophotometric determination of the colored complex is difficult, owing to the presence of the strong absorbing ZDC, the nature of the colored complex has not yet been ascertained, but it must somehow be responsible for the inverted action of copper found here.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Aminoplastes. Collection “materiaux de synethèse.” Pierre Talet. Dunod, Paris, 1951. x-262 pp. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 488-488 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100504
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    Le Bois. Second edition. A. Guillemonat. Dunod, Paris, 1950. viii-135 pp. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 488-488 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100505
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    Viscosity, sedimentation, diffusion, and osmotic behavior of long-chain nitrocellulose moleculesReport of a study made under the Research and Marketing Act of 1946. Presented before the Division of Cellulose Chemistry, 121st meeting, American Chemical Society, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, April, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 463-487 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Viscosity, sedimentation, diffusion, and osmotic pressure measurements in ethyl acetate are reported on four unfractionated nitrocellulose polymers containing about 13.5% nitrogen and varying in molecular weight from 0.93 to 15 x 105.Detailed viscosity determinations in buret viscometers in the concentration range 0.025 to 0.300 g./dl. and over a range of velocity gradients from about 500 to 5000 sec.-1 are presented. Viscosity data adjusted to fixed shear rates fitted closely the relation ηsp/C = [η] + a2C + a3C2. Plots of ηsp/C vs. C at different shear rates were found to diverge rapidly with increasing concentration. For the nitrate of highest molecular weight, the viscosity was strongly shear-dependent and the intrinsic viscosity appeared to vary from 52 at 3000 sec.-1 to 80 or more at 0 sec.-1. The other samples displayed these tendencies less markedly with decreasing molecular weight. Other extrapolation procedures are also discussed. The intrinsic viscosity data accumulated at 500 sec.-1 could be represented by the relation [η] = KMα; α = 0.99; the molecular weights were those obtained from sedimentation-diffusion measurements on the unfractionated nitrocelluloses. Assuming for practical purposes α = 1, then Km (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\[= \overline {{\rm DP}} /[{\rm \eta ]}\]) is found to have the value 80 ± 3. Assuming a negligible depolymerization during nitration, the analogous factors required for cupriethylenediamine and for cuprammonium were found to be 170 and 230, respectively. The effect of varying shear rate on these factors is illustrated.The sedimentation constants obtained were readily extrapolated to infinite dilution with an expanded sedimentation-concentration relation, S = S0/(1 + K2C + K′s C2). Diffusion constants were obtained following the second moment method and mathematically extrapolated to zero concentration according to Gralén. Molecular weights were computed with the Svedberg equation. Number average molecular weights were obtained osmotically.Some consideration of the data in terms of the theories of Debye-Bueche and Kirkwood-Riseman is given. It is found that both K-R's and D-B's theories predict the variation of intrinsic viscosity with molecular weight within twice the standard deviation of the observed slope from the frictional coefficient-molecular weight data. In both viscosity and sedimentation the polymer appears, therefore, to behave in an approximately equally “free draining” fashion. For the calculated intrinsic viscosity of a sample of intermediate molecular weight a reasonable value is obtained from the latter theory only; but it is not uniformly successful in predicting all [η]'s, particularly those corresponding to low molecular weights.The relation between Ks, the first interaction coefficient in sedimentation and molecular dimensions, is briefly discussed. Also considered are the interaction coefficients in viscosity, especially as regards their dependence upon velocity gradient.
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    On the degradation of long chain molecules (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 499-502 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The general rate equations for free radical depolymerization previously developed are interpreted for the special case of terminal initiation and absence of transfer in view of recent work by others on the same subject. The discrepancies in the two sets of results are shown to arise from an invalid evaluation of the role of kinetic chain length in this recent analysis.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100507
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    The structure of branched polymers of diallyl phthalate (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 489-498 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The complete characterization of a branched polymer involves many factors, the most difficult to assess being the average number of elementary linear portions, or branches, of which the polymer is composed, the degree of polymerization of the branches and the extent of cyclic structure formation. A method of analysis of branched polymers is proposed which should be applicable to polymers of any polyfunctional monomer the unsaturated groups of which are separated by saponifiable links. The method is based on the measurement of degree of polymerization and residual unsaturation of the polymer followed by saponification and determination of degree of polymerization of the resulting polymer, and involves the assumptions that branching in the polymer occurs only by the sharing of a monomer unit by two or more linear portions or branches depending on the number of double bonds in the monomer and also that the average degree of polymerization of the branches remains unchanged by the saponification treatment. Evidence from experiments on the saponification and re-esterification of poly(allyl acetate) and poly(allyl benzoate) indicates, that, in the case of diallyl esters, the above conditions are satisfied. The technique was therefore applied to three polymers of diallyl phthalate, and in each case the average number of chains and degree of polymerization of the chains were estimated. Evidence of considerable extents of cyclic structure formation was found, each individual branch in the polymers consisting of approximately fourteen diallyl phthalate units, six of which are doubly reacted. It is suggested that the existence of extensive formation of cyclic structures may be partly responsible for the poor correlation of predicted with actual degrees of conversion at gelation in polymerizations involving multifunctional monomers.
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    Nuclear magnetic resonance determination of degree of crystallinity in two polymersAssisted by the joint program of the Office of Naval Research and the Atomic Energy Commission. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 503-505 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100508
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    Thermal degradation of polystyrene and polyethylene (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 506-509 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100509
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    In memoriam (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 513-514 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100601
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    Study of the viscoelastic behavior and molecular weight distribution of polyisobutylene (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 243-268 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study is made of the behavior under constant shear stress of several carefully characterized samples of polyisobutylene. The materials used are whole polymers and fractions obtained from these by dractional precipitation. As a first step in the characterization, the intrinsic viscosity of each is determined. It is shown that the samples cover a molecular weight range from 1 × 105 to 1 × 106. To provide a more detailed characterization, sedimentation equilibrium experiments are performed with several of the polyisobutylenes. These experiments yield values of several average molecular weights for each polymer, from which data an approximation to the molecular weight distribution can be made. It is pointed out that the whole polymers of isobutylene are very polydisperse. The viscosity-average molecular weights calculated from these experiments are in good agreement with the results of the intrinsic viscosity measurements. The viscoelastic behavior of some of these polymers is then studied by means of creep and recovery experiments. The melt viscosity is determined in two ways, from flow during creep and from the amount of nonrecoverable deformation after elastic recovery. The elastic recovery of the polyisobutylene samples is analyzed in some detail. A method for the reduction of data taken at several temperatures to a standard temperature, previously used for dynamic-mechanical properties and stress relaxation data, is shown to be applicable to elastic recovery data. Furthermore, the results of creep and recovery experiments can be superimposed in favorable cases. The steady-state elastic compliance is evaluated, and errors in its determination discussed. The results would seem to indicate that this quantity depends, at least in part, upon the degree of polydispersity of the polymer. This dependence appears to mask any direct variation with average molecular weight. Finally, it is shown that an average retardation time is directly proportional to the melt viscosity of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
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    Cracking of stressed rubber by free radicals (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 280-281 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110310
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    Effect of rate of shear on the reduced viscosities of thymus nucleic acid solutions (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 277-280 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110309
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    Concerning a proposed rapid precipitation method of fractionation (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 281-285 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110311
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    Calibrage de la diffusion lumineusePresented at the Symposium of the Commission on Macromolecules of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Strasbourg, June 9-11, 1952. (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 551-557 
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    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The transmission method was used for calibration of light scattering. It was verified that the refraction corrections are practically n2 for the scattered light; the incident beam intensity through the cell must be empirically corrected for the refraction, due to some divergence of the primary beam of light. With this method of calibration, we obtain for Rayleigh's ration in the case of benzene at 20°C. and at a wave length of 4358 A, R = (48.4 ± 1.5)10-6cm.-1. For dissymetry measurements in the commercial semioctagonal “Pyrocell” cell, some total reflections are present for solutions where the refractive index is equal or higher than 1.41; these reflections can be easily avoided by putting an absorbing glass on the rear of the cell. On the other hand, a dissymetry correction is given for the Fresnel reflections, which are formed when the light beam emerges normally, to the wall of the cell.
    Notes: Nous utilisons la méthode de transmission pour calibrer la diffusion lumineuse. Nous vérifions en utilisant des solutions d'indices de réfraction différents que la correction de réfraction est pratiquement n2 pour l'intensité diffusée, l'intensité incidente à travers la cellule devant être corrigée empiriquement pour une réfraction due à la légère divergence du faisceau primaire. A partir de ce calibrage, nous obtenons pour le rapport de Rayleigh du benzène à 20°C. et pour λ 4358 A. R = (48,4 ± 1,5)10-6 cm.-1. Pour les mesures de dissymétrie dans la cellule commerciale semioctogonale “Pyrocell,” nous montrons la présence de réflexions totales pour les solutions d'indice de réfraction ≥ 1,41, réflexions qui peuvent être éliminées aisément en plaçant un verre absorbant dansle fond de la cellule. D'autre part, nous calculons la correction à apporter à la dissymétrie du fait des réflexions de Fresnel quand le faisceau lumineux émerge normalement à la paroi de la cellule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100605
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    Polycondensation of six-membered lactones (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 587-591 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100609
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  • 199
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    Notes on the statistics of polymer chains (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 10 (1953), S. 559-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The configurations of flexible macromolecules are discussed with particular emphasis on some problems arising in the theory of the volume effect. The main points considered are: (1) the relationship between the Kuhn statistical chain element and the carbon bond length; (2) the assumption that a polymer chain is equivalent to a collection of independent beads normally distributed with respect to the center of gravity (“Gaussian gas” model); (3) the distribution of segments of a polymer chain with respect to the center of gravity; (4) the theory of the execluded volume for plane models of a polymer molecule; (5) the relationship between the excluded volume and the local density of polymer segments; (6) the influence of the solvent on the excluded volume; (7) polymer configurations and viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120100607
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    Adsorption of high polymers from solution on to solids. I. Adsorption of polystyrene on charcoal (1953)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 11 (1953), S. 365-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Rates of adsorption from solution on to charcoal and adsorption isotherms have been determined for unfractionated and fractionated polystyrene samples. The rates and extent of adsorption increase with decreasing solvent power and decreasing molecular weight. The rate curves of the fractionated samples show two distinct steps. Langmuir's adsorption equation is obeyed. Mechanisms of adsorption are discussed.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1953.120110406
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