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  • 101
    Publication Date: 2022-04-19
    Description: Die Nutzung landwirtschaftliche Nutzung der Hochmoore führt zu hohen Freisetzungsraten an Treibhausgasen. Gegenüber der Deutschen Hochmoorkultur (Grünland auf Hochmoor) lassen sich die Freisetzungsraten durch Tiefumbruch verringern. Ein Torfverlust von 1 cm entspricht bei den hier durchgeführten Berechnungen einer Freisetzung von ca. 25 t CO2/ha/a. Die geringsten Freisetzungsraten von 2,5 t CO2/ha/a werden bei als Grünland genutzten Sandmischkulturen, besandeten Hochmooren (ohne Einp ügen von Torfen) und bei Baggerkuhlungen erwartet. Die hohen Torfverluste in den ersten Jahren bei der Anlage einer Sandmischkultur lieÿen sich vermeiden, wenn anfangs nur geringere Torfanteile in die Krume gelangen (6-8%), wie bei der Tiefp ugsanddeckkultur, die bisher für Niedermoore getestet wurde. Durch Messungen der aktuellen Freisetzung von Treibhausgasen auf Tiefumbruch ächen sind diese Berechnungen zu überprüfen. Liegen Torfe im Unterboden ganzjährig im Wasser, dann sind Torfverluste auszuschlieÿen. Eine langfristige landwirtschaftliche Nutzung ist mit der Anlage von Tiefumbruchkulturen möglich. Ein vollständiger Erhalt der Torfe ist nur durch eine Wiedervernässung zu erzielen, entweder Nutzungsaufgabe und Herrichtung als Naturschutz äche oder Paludikultur, beide sicherlich nur auf geringeren Flächenanteilen.
    Description: report
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2022-04-21
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: Investigation of the vertical distribution of nutrients is an important component in studying the entire ecosystem of the Black Sea. Biogenic elements play a crucial role in the primary production in the sea coastal zone and are among the main indicators of the ecological state of marine waters. Any changes in nutrient regime are reflected in biological marine plankton communities. This work was aimed at the investigation of the seasonal vertical dynamics of biogenic elements in the northeastern part of the Black Sea near the city of Gelendzhik in 2019. To determine concentration of nutrients, the methods standard to the practice of marine hydrochemical studies have been used. As a result of this investigation, it has been found that nitrate and ammonium forms of nitrogen, and mineral phosphorus have well-defined concentration maxima that correspond to certain values of conditional density. There is one deep maximum in the vertical distribution of nitrates; on average, the concentration of nitrate nitrogen is 5.57 μmol/L. Vertical profile of phosphates has an upper maximum (average concentration of 1.39 μmol/L), a minimum (1.19 μmol/L) and a lower maximum (6.64 μmol/L) of concentrations. Seasonal changes in climatic conditions, coastal runoff and rate of phytoplankton consumption determine the dynamics of nutrient concentrations in the photic layer of marine waters.
    Description: Исследование вертикального распределения биогенных элементов является важной составляющей изучения всей экосистемы Черного моря. Биогенные элементы имеют большое значение для первичной продукции в прибрежной зоне моря и являются одним из главных показателей экологического состояния морских вод. Любые изменения режима биогенных элементов отражаются на биологических морских планктонных сообществах. Целью данной работы являлось исследование сезонной вертикальной динамики биогенных элементов в северо-восточной части Черного моря в районе г. Геленджик в 2019 г. Для определения концентрации биогенных веществ применялись методы, являющиеся стандартными в практике морских гидрохимических работ. В результате проведенного исследования было выявлено, что нитратная, аммонийная форма азота и минеральный фосфор имеют хорошо выраженные максимумы концентраций, которые соответствуют определенным значениям условной плотности. В вертикальном распределении нитратов имеется один глубинный максимум; концентрации нитратного азота в среднем составляют 5,57 мкмоль/л. Для вертикального профиля фосфатов характерен верхний максимум (средняя концентрация — 1,39 мкмоль/л), минимум (1,19 мкмоль/л) и нижний максимум концентраций (6,64 мкмоль/л). Сезонные изменения климатических условий, береговой сток и скорость потребления фитопланктоном обуславливают динамику концентраций биогенных веществ в фотическом слое морских вод.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Nitrate nitrogen ; Nitrite nitrogen ; Ammonium nitrogen ; Silicon ; Mineral phosphorus ; Plankton ; Aquatic communities ; Primary production ; НИС «Ашамба» ; R/V Ashamba ; Seasonal variations ; Сезонные изменения ; Вертикальное распределение ; Первичная продукция ; Водные сообщества ; Кремний ; Нитратный азот ; Нитритный азот ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogenic material ; ASFA_2015::V::Vertical distribution ; ASFA_2015::N::Nitrogen compounds
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.7-17
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  • 104
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) - MCZ 16475 - female - length unknown - Pelvic location - Harvard University
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 105
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) - UMA 4825 - male 2.75 m - Pelvic location - UMASS Amherst
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 106
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-03-30
    Description: Tursiops truncatus (Bottlenose Dolphin) - MCZ 7899 - male - length unknown - Pelvic location - Harvard University
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Image
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  • 107
    Publication Date: 2022-03-29
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWSs) represent a technical-scientific challenge aimed at improving the chance of the population exposed to the earthquake shaking of surviving or being less affected. The ability of an EEWS to affect the risk and, in particular, vulnerability and exposure, may determine serious legal responsibilities for people involved in the system, as scientists and experts. The main question concerns, in fact, the relationship between EEWSs and the predictability and avoidability of earthquake effects-i.e., the ground shaking affecting citizens and infrastructures - and the possibility for people to adopt self-protective behavior and/or for industrial infrastructures to be secured. In Italy, natural disasters, such as the 2009 L’Aquila earthquake, teach us that the relationship between science and law is really difficult. So, before EEW’s become operational in Italy, it is necessary to: 1) examine the legislative and technical solutions adopted by some of the international legal systems in countries where this service is offered to citizens; 2) reconstruct the international and European regulatory framework that promotes the introduction of EW systems as life-saving tools for the protection of the right to life and understand whether and how these regulatory texts can impose an obligation on the Italian legal system to develop EEWS; 3) understand what responsibilities could be ascribed to the scientists and technicians responsible for managing EEWS in Italy, analyzing the different impact of vulnerability and exposure on the predictability and avoidability of the harmful event; 4) reflect on the lessons that our legal system will have to learn from other Countries when implementing EEW systems. In order to find appropriate solutions, it is essential to reflect on the opportunity to provide shared and well-structured protocols and creating detailed disclaimers clearly defining the limits of the service. A central role must be recognized to education, because people should not only expect to receive a correct alarm but must be able to understand the uncertainties involved in rapid estimates, be prepared to face the risk, and react in the right way.
    Description: This work has been carried out within the Project ART-IT (Allerta Rapida Terremoti in Italia), funded by the Italian Ministry of University and Research (Progetto Premiale 2015, DM. 850/2017).
    Description: Published
    Description: 685153
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: earthquake, early warning, criminal liability, negligence, risk ; Early warning, criminal law, human rights
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2022-03-29
    Description: The evolution and state of geological structure at Earth's surface is best understood with an accurate characterization of the subsurface. Here we present seismic tomographic images of the Italian lithosphere based on ground motion recordings and characterized by compressional and shear wavespeed structure at remarkable resolution, corresponding to a minimum period of ∼10 s. Enhanced accuracy is enabled by state-of-the-art three-dimensional wavefield simulations in combination with an adjoint-state method. We focus on three primary findings of our model Im25. It highlights the distribution of fluids and gas (CO2) within the Italian subsurface and their correlation with seismicity. It illuminates Mt. Etna volcano and supports the hypothesis of a deep reservoir (∼30 km) feeding a shallower magma-filled intrusive body. Offshore of the eastern Italian coast, it reveals that the Adriatic plate is made of two distinct microplates, separated by the Gargano deformation zone, indicating a complex lithosphere and tectonic evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: 69
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2022-04-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2022-04-13
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: We present a high-resolution airborne radar data set (EGRIP-NOR-2018) for the onset region of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS). The radar data were acquired in May 2018 with the Alfred Wegener Institute's multichannel ultra-wideband (UWB) radar mounted on the Polar 6 aircraft. Radar profiles cover an area of ∼24 000 km2 and extend over the well-defined shear margins of the NEGIS. The survey area is centered at the location of the drill site of the East Greenland Ice-Core Project (EastGRIP), and several radar lines intersect at this location. The survey layout was designed to (i) map the stratigraphic signature of the shear margins with radar profiles aligned perpendicular to ice flow, (ii) trace the radar stratigraphy along several flow lines, and (iii) provide spatial coverage of ice thickness and basal properties. While we are able to resolve radar reflections in the deep stratigraphy, we cannot fully resolve the steeply inclined reflections at the tightly folded shear margins in the lower part of the ice column. The NEGIS is causing the most significant discrepancies between numerically modeled and observed ice surface velocities. Given the high likelihood of future climate and ocean warming, this extensive data set of new high-resolution radar data in combination with the EastGRIP ice core will be a key contribution to understand the past and future dynamics of the NEGIS. The EGRIP-NOR-2018 radar data products can be obtained from the PANGAEA data publisher (https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.928569; Franke et al., 2021a).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 112
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    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, Wiley, 127(3), pp. 1-18, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Fram Strait in the northern North Atlantic is a key region for marine cold air outbreaks (MCAOs), southward discharges of polar air under northerly air flow, which have a strong impact on air-sea heat fluxes, boundary layer processes and severe weather. This study investigates climatologies and decadal trends of Fram Strait MCAOs of different intensity classes based on the ERA5 reanalysis product for 1979–2020. Among striking interannual variability, it is shown that the main MCAO season is December through March, when MCAOs occur around 2/3 of the time. We report on significant decadal MCAO decreases in December and January, and a significant increase in March. While the mid-winter decrease is mainly related to the different paces of warming between the surface and the lower atmosphere, the increase in March can be related to changes in synoptic circulation patterns. As an explanation for the latter, a possible feedback between retreating Barents Sea sea ice, enhanced cyclonic activity and Fram Strait MCAOs is postulated. Exemplifying the trend toward stronger MCAOs during March, the study details the recordbreaking MCAO season in early 2020, and an observational case study of an extreme MCAO event in March 2020 is conducted. Thereby, radiosonde observations are combined with kinematic air back-trajectories to provide rare observational evidence for the diabatic cooling and drying during the MCAO preconditioning phase.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Impurities in polar ice do not only allow the re- construction of past atmospheric aerosol concentrations but also influence the physical properties of the ice. However, the localisation of impurities inside the microstructure is still un- der debate and little is known about the mineralogy of solid inclusions. In particular, the general mineralogical diversity throughout an ice core and the specific distribution inside the microstructure is poorly investigated; the impact of the mineralogy on the localisation of inclusions and other pro- cesses is thus hardly known. We use dust particle concen- tration, optical microscopy, and cryo-Raman spectroscopy to systematically locate and analyse the mineralogy of micro- inclusions in situ inside 11 solid ice samples from the up- per 1340 m of the East Greenland Ice Core Project ice core. Micro-inclusions are more variable in mineralogy than pre- viously observed and are mainly composed of mineral dust (quartz, mica, and feldspar) and sulfates (mainly gypsum). Inclusions of the same composition tend to cluster, but clus- tering frequency and mineralogy changes with depth. A va- riety of sulfates dominate the upper 900 m, while gypsum is the only sulfate in deeper samples, which however contain more mineral dust, nitrates, and dolomite. The analysed part of the core can thus be divided into two depth regimes of different mineralogy, and to a lesser degree of spatial distri- bution, which could originate from different chemical reac- tions in the ice or large-scale changes in ice cover in north- east Greenland during the mid-Holocene. The complexity of impurity mineralogy on the metre scale and centimetre scale in polar ice is still underestimated, and new methodological approaches are necessary to establish a comprehensive un- derstanding of the role of impurities. Our results show that applying new methods to the mineralogy in ice cores and recognising its complexity, as well as the importance for lo- calisation studies, open new avenues for understanding the role of impurities in ice cores.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2022-02-28
    Description: Recently, a significant increase in the atmospheric moisture content has been documented over the Arctic, where both local contributions and poleward moisture transport from lower latitudes can play a role. This study focuses on the anomalous moisture transport events confined to long and narrow corridors, known as atmospheric rivers (ARs), which are expected to have a strong influence on Arctic moisture amounts, precipitation, and the energy budget. During two concerted intensive measurement campaigns – Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day (ACLOUD) and the Physical feedbacks of Arctic planetary boundary layer, Sea ice, Cloud and AerosoL (PASCAL) – that took place at and near Svalbard, three high-water-vapour-transport events were identified as ARs, based on two tracking algorithms: the 30 May event, the 6 June event, and the 9 June 2017 event. We explore the temporal and spatial evolution of the events identified as ARs and the associated precipitation patterns in detail using measurements from the French (Polar Institute Paul Emile Victor) and German (Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research) Arctic Research Base (AWIPEV) in Ny-Ålesund, satellite-borne measurements, several reanalysis products (the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA) Interim (ERA-Interim); the ERA5 reanalysis; the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2); the Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2); and the Japanese 55-Year Reanalysis (JRA-55)), and the HIRHAM regional climate model version 5 (HIRHAM5). Results show that the tracking algorithms detected the events differently, which is partly due to differences in the spatial and temporal resolution as well as differences in the criteria used in the tracking algorithms. The first event extended from western Siberia to Svalbard, caused mixed-phase precipitation, and was associated with a retreat of the sea-ice edge. The second event, 1 week later, had a similar trajectory, and most precipitation occurred as rain, although mixed-phase precipitation or only snowfall occurred in some areas, mainly over the coast of north-eastern Greenland and the north-east of Iceland, and no differences were noted in the sea-ice edge. The third event showed a different pathway extending from the north-eastern Atlantic towards Greenland before turning south-eastward and reaching Svalbard. This last AR caused high precipitation amounts on the east coast of Greenland in the form of rain and snow and showed no precipitation in the Svalbard region. The vertical profiles of specific humidity show layers of enhanced moisture that were concurrent with dry layers during the first two events and that were not captured by all of the reanalysis datasets, whereas the HIRHAM5 model misrepresented humidity at all vertical levels. There was an increase in wind speed with height during the first and last events, whereas there were no major changes in the wind speed during the second event. The accuracy of the representation of wind speed by the reanalyses and the model depended on the event. The objective of this paper was to build knowledge from detailed AR case studies, with the purpose of performing long-term analysis. Thus, we adapted a regional AR detection algorithm to the Arctic and analysed how well it identified ARs, we used different datasets (observational, reanalyses, and model) and identified the most suitable dataset, and we analysed the evolution of the ARs and their impacts in terms of precipitation. This study shows the importance of the Atlantic and Siberian pathways of ARs during spring and beginning of summer in the Arctic; the significance of the AR-associated strong heat increase, moisture increase, and precipitation phase transition; and the requirement for high-spatio-temporal-resolution datasets when studying these intense short-duration events.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 115
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Miscellaneous , notRev
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: This paper presents a review of academic sources concerning the issue of age estimation in crayfish. It describes several popular methods for estimation of the age composition of a crayfish population: age and length composition of a population, the relationship between age and lipofuscin content in nervous tissues, and counting of “growth bands”. It has been established that the most promising method for crayfish age estimation is the one based on the identification of “growth bands”. Analysis of the other methods has also shown their viability; however, for consistent age determination in crayfish, they need further elaboration.
    Description: В статье представлен обзор литературных источников по проблеме определения возраста раков. В статье дается описание популярных методов определения возрастной структуры популяции ракообразных: размерно-возрастная структура популяций, связь возраста с концентрацией липофусцина в неврологических тканях, подсчет «полос роста». Выявлено, что перспективным методом определения возраста ракообразных является способ, основанный на обнаружении полос роста. Анализ других методов показал, что они также имеют значительный потенциал, но нуждаются в дальнейшей проработке проверки возраста ракообразных.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Pontastacus cubanicus ; Astacus leptodactylus cubanicus ; Cherax quadricarinatus ; Growth bands ; Age-length composition ; Lipofuscin ; Nervous tissues ; Размерно-возрастная структура ; Длиннопалый рак ; Липофусцин ; Полосы роста ; ASFA_2015::C::Crayfish fisheries ; ASFA_2015::A::Age composition ; ASFA_2015::A::Age determination
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.63-65
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: This paper considers the consequences of the low-water cycle for the water content of the Don River, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystems of the Lower Don River and the Azov Sea and to the deterioration of the environmental conditions for aquatic biological resources. An assessment of the possible effect of the partial transfer of the Volga River runoff to the basin of the Don River amounting to 1.8 or 5.0 km3 and the impact of such transfer on the formation of the Azov Sea salinity and the desalinated areas in the Taganrog Bay has been conducted.
    Description: В работе рассмотрены последствия маловодного цикла в изменении водности р. Дон, приведшие к дисбалансу в экосистемах Нижнего Дона и Азовского моря и к ухудшению условий среды обитания водных биологических ресурсов. Проведена оценка возможного эффекта от переброски части стока р. Волга в бассейн р. Дон в объемах 1,8 или 5,0 км3 и влияния дотаций на формирование солености Азовского моря, площадей опресненных зон в Таганрогском заливе.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Low-water cycle ; Desalinated areas ; River basins ; Annual distribution ; Маловодный цикл ; Опресненные зоны ; Бассейны рек ; Межгодовое распределение стока ; ASFA_2015::R::River discharge ; ASFA_2015::R::River flow ; ASFA_2015::S::Salinity effects
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.66-72
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: This work presents the results of the investigation of the influence the biogenic substances exercise on the primary production of organic matter by phytoplankton in the Azov Sea in 2019–2020. The analysis of the oxygen regime and the development of kill events has been conducted. During the investigated period, the changes in the oxygen regime of the Azov Sea were observed over the course of time. The content of ammonium nitrogen and phosphorus, as well as nitrate and total ones, in the Azov Sea influences the level of organic matter primary production by phytoplankton to a considerable degree. At present, as the result of low river flow volume, the concentration of biogenic substances is decreasing, which, in turn, leads to the decrease in the primary production of organic matter. The equations describing the relationship between the primary production and the content of biogenic substances are considered.
    Description: В работе представлены результаты исследования влияния содержания биогенных веществ на первичное продуцирование органического вещества фитопланктоном в Азовском море в 2019–2020 гг. Проведен анализ кислородного режима и особенностей формирования заморов. В исследуемый период прослежена динамика изменения кислородного режима Азовского моря. Концентрации аммонийного, нитратного, а также общего азота и фосфора в Азовском море оказывают существенное влияние на уровень первичного продуцирования органического вещества фитопланктоном. В современный период в связи с низким объемом речного стока снижается концентрация биогенных веществ, что приводит к снижению первичного продуцирования органического вещества. Рассмотрены уравнения зависимости первичной продукции от концентрации биогенных элементов.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Oxygen regime ; River runoff ; Nitrogen ; Primary production ; Кислородный режим ; Речной сток ; Азот ; Нитраты ; Nitrаtes ; ASFA_2015::B::Biogenic material ; ASFA_2015::O::Organic matter ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.82-89
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2022-03-01
    Description: The monitoring results for the oil pollution of the Azov Sea water in the summer and autumn seasons of 2018–2020 are presented. The identified concentrations of petroleum products are given based on the total content of the main petroleum components: hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes. The concentrations of petroleum products in the water ranged from 〈0.02 to 0.85 mg/dm3 in the summer season, and from 〈0.02 to 0.11 mg/dm3 in the autumn season. In some years, the weighted average values of the content of petroleum products in water exceeded the maximum allowable level: by 2.4 times in the summer season, and by 1.2 times in autumn. Based on the averaged data for the investigated period, the most severe water pollution was recorded in the central area of the Taganrog Bay and the sea itself. The highest influx of petroleum products occurs to the eastern parts of the Taganrog Bay and the sea in the autumn season, and to the southern part of the sea in summer. Along with the petroleum products identified in water, the highest content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the organs and tissues of the investigated fish was recorded in the roach, captured in the Taganrog Bay in the summer and autumn seasons of 2018. In other examined pelagic fish species of the Azov Sea (anchovy, Black Sea sprat, zander), content of petroleum products ranged at the level of determination limit.
    Description: Представлены результаты мониторинга нефтяного загрязнения воды Азовского моря в летний и осенний периоды 2018–2020 гг. Обнаруженные концентрации нефтепродуктов приведены по суммарному содержанию основных нефтяных компонентов — углеводородов, смол и асфальтенов. Концентрации нефтепродуктов в воде варьировали в летний период от 〈0,02 до 0,85 мг/дм3, в осенний период — от 〈0,02 до 0,11 мг/дм3. В различные годы средневзвешенные концентрации нефтепродуктов в воде превышали предельно допустимую норму летом до 2,4 раза, осенью — в 1,2 раза. Согласно усредненным за рассматриваемый период данным, более значительное загрязнение воды отмечалось в центральных районах Таганрогского залива и собственно моря. Наибольшее поступление нефтепродуктов происходит в осенний период в восточные районы Таганрогского залива и собственно моря, в летний период — в южный район моря. На фоне обнаруженных концентраций нефтепродуктов в воде максимальное содержание нефтяных углеводородов в органах и тканях исследованных рыб отмечено у тарани, выловленной в Таганрогском заливе в летний и осенний период 2018 г. У других обследованных видов пелагических рыб Азовского моря (хамса, тюлька, судак) концентрации нефтяных углеводородов варьировали на уровне предела определения.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Сlupeonella cultriventris ; Еngraulis encrasicolus ; Sander lucioperca ; Rutilus rutilus ; Environmental monitoring ; Resins ; Seasonal variations ; Fish organs ; Animal tissues ; Water column ; Органы рыб ; Водная толща ; Ткани животных ; Сезонные изменения ; ASFA_2015::P::Pelagic fish ; ASFA_2015::O::Oil pollution ; ASFA_2015::P::Petroleum hydrocarbons
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.73-81
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  • 120
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: Three devastating earthquakes of MW ≥ 5.9 activated a complex system of high-angle normal, antithetic, and sub-horizontal detachment faults during the 2016–2017 central Italy seismic sequence. Waveform cross-correlation based double-difference location of nearly 400,000 aftershocks illuminate complex, fine-scale structures of interacting fault zones. The Mt. Vettore–Mt. Bove (VB) normal fault exhibits wide and complex damage zones, including a system of bookshelf faults that intersects the detachment zone. In the Laga domain, a comparatively narrow, shallow dipping segment of the deep Mt. Gorzano fault progressively ruptures through the detachment zone in four subsequent MW ∼ 5.4 events. Reconstructed fault planes show that the detachment zone is fragmented in four sub-horizontal, partly overlaying shear planes that correlated with the extent of the mainshock ruptures. We find a new, deep reaching seismic barrier that coincides with a bend in the VB fault and may play a role in controlling rupture evolution.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021GL092918
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 121
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - INGV
    Description: Published
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Keywords: sismicità strumentale ; mappa sismicità ; sismicita 1980 2020 ; eventi sismici ingv ; eventi magnitudo 2.0 ; rete sismica nazionale ; rsn ingv ; irpinia basilicata ; umbria settentrionale ; umbria marche ; siracusa ; molise ; emilia romagna ; amatrice accumuli ; norcia ; montereale
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: The Veselovsky Reservoir is surrounded by agricultural land, where the use of pesticides is an integral part of the production cycle. By transferring with the air masses or seeping through the soil, pesticides can enter the water of the water bodies of fisheries importance, be deposited in bottom sediments, and negatively affect the vital activity of hydrobionts. The aim of the study was to detect the content of 20 active ingredients of the pesticides of modern classes most widely used in agriculture in the region, the half-life of which can exceed six months. It was found that the concentrations of pesticide active ingredients in the living environment of hydrobionts in the Veselovsky Reservoir are by more than an order of magnitude lower than the established maximum allowable concentrations (MAC), which indicates the relative safety of the environment for hydrobionts.
    Description: Веселовское водохранилище находится в окружении земель сельскохозяйственного назначения, где применение пестицидов является неотъемлемой частью производственного цикла. При переносе ветром или просачивании сквозь почву эти вещества попадают в воду водоемов рыбохозяйственного назначения, оседают в донных отложениях и могут негативно влиять на жизнедеятельность гидробионтов. В процессе исследования определяли 20 наиболее используемых в сельском хозяйстве региона действующих веществ (ДВ) пестицидов современных классов, период полураспада которых может превышать полгода. Установлено, что концентрации ДВ пестицидов в среде обитания гидробионтов Веселовского водохранилища более чем на порядок ниже установленных предельно допустимых концентраций (ПДК), что указывает на относительную безопасность среды для жизнедеятельности гидробионтов.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Pesticides ; Bottom sediments ; Пестициды ; Донные осадки ; Сельское хозяйство ; Agriculture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.90-94
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2022-03-02
    Description: The continental margin of the Ross Sea has been consistently sensitive to the advance and retreat of the Ross Ice Sheet (RIS) between the interglacial and glacial periods. This study examines changes of the glaciomarine sedimentation on the continental slope and rise to the eastern side of Hillary Canyon in the central Ross Sea, using three gravity cores collected at increasing water depths. Besides older AMS 14C ages of bulk sediments, based on the analytical results, sediment lithology was divided into units A, B1, and B2, representing Holocene, deglacial, and glacial periods, respectively. The sedimentation rate decreased as the water depth increased, with a higher sedimentation rate in the deglacial period (unit B1) than the Holocene (unit A). Biological productivity proxies were significantly higher in glacial unit B2 than in interglacial unit A, with transitional values observed in deglacial unit B1. Biological productivity generally decreased in the Antarctic continental margin during the glacial period because of extensive sea ice coverage. The higher biogenic contents in unit B2 are primarily attributed to the increased transport of eroded and reworked shelf sediments that contained abundant biogenic components to the continental slope and rise beneath the advancing RIS. Thus, glacial sedimentation on the continental slope and rise of the central Ross Sea was generally governed by the activity of the RIS, which generated melt-water plumes and debris flows at the front of the grounding line, although the continental rise might have experienced seasonally open conditions and lateral effects due to the bottom current.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) is the infrastructure that provides access to the seismic‐waveform archives collected by European agencies. This distributed system is managed by Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology. EIDA provides seamless access to seismic data from 12 data archives across Europe by means of standard services, exposing data on behalf of hundreds of network operators and research organizations. More than 12,000 stations from permanent and temporary networks equipped with seismometers, accelerometers, pressure sensors, and other sensors are accessible through the EIDA federated services. A growing user base currently counting around 3000 unique users per year has been requesting data and using EIDA services. The EIDA system is designed to scale up to support additional new services, data types, and nodes. Data holdings, services, and user numbers have grown substantially since the establishment of EIDA in 2013. EIDA is currently active in developing suitable data management approaches for new emerging technologies (e.g., distributed acoustic sensing) and challenges related to big datasets. This article reviews the evolution of EIDA, the current data holdings, and service portfolio, and gives an outlook on the current developments and the future envisaged challenges.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1788-1795
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; repository dati ; Euroean Integrated Data archive ; EIDA ; EPOS ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 125
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: Sviluppo di tecnologie innovative per l’identificazione, monitoraggio, remediation di sorgenti di contaminazione naturale e antropica
    Description: CNR
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Keywords: multibeam ; Side scan sonar
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: This study presents in detail: the use of plastic products and the opportunities for recyclate use in the construction sector, quantities of plastic used, take-back systems, recycling techniques, current recyclate use and plastic construction product packaging.Potentials for increasing high-quality recyclate use were identified. Existing hurdles and options for action for industry and politics are presented. Current recyclate use as well as its potential use are strongly dependent on the application area of plastics. The biggest hurdles for the use of recycled materials are product life time, dismantling and technical requirements.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: CICERONE aims to bring national, regional and local governments together to jointly tackle the circular economy transition needed to reach net-zero carbon emissions and meet the targets set in the Paris Agreement and EU Green Deal. This document represents one of the key outcomes of the project: a Strategic Research & Innovation Agenda (SRIA) for Europe, to support owners and funders of circular economy programmes in aligning priorities and approaching the circular economy transition in a systemic way.
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 129
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems (SPICE), Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems (SPICE), Amsterdam, Netherlands, Elsevier, 457 p., pp. 143-199, ISBN: 978-0-12-815050-4
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Abstract Ecological and social processes of the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, have been intensively studied during the Science for the Protection of Indonesian Coastal Ecosystems (SPICE) program. The archipelago is of specific interest to better understand how intensive exploitation of marine resources results in the degradation of reef systems. The projects specifically targeted (1) ecological processes in coral reefs, (2) genetic structure of populations, and (3) social–ecological dynamics relating to resource use, social networks, and governance structures. A modeling component emphasized (4) the integration of different ecological, social, and environmental components. Results indicated that reef resources in the Spermonde Archipelago are intensively exploited and further stressed by pollution effluents from hinterland processes. The lack of alternative livelihoods perpetuates dependencies within the patron–client system of the artisanal fisheries and supports high exploitation and also destructive resource uses. Greater inclusion of local stakeholders in the governance may result in better conservation practices, sustainable resource use, and improved livelihoods for the people. Abstrak Selama proyek SPICE, aspek ekologis dan sosial di perairan Kepulauan Spermonde, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia, dipelajari secara intensif. Kepulauan dan perairan ini mengundang banyak perhatian untuk lebih memahami bagaimana tingkat pemanfaatan sumber daya laut yang intensif berakibat pada degradasi sistem terumbu karang. Kerangka kerja proyek penelitian SPICE, secara khusus, menargetkan kajian-kajian mengenai (a) proses ekologis dalam sistem terumbu karang, (b) struktur genetik populasi untuk menentukan konektifitasnya, dan (c) dinamika sosial-ekologi yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan sumber daya, jejaring sosial dan struktur tata kelola. Komponen pemodelan juga dimasukkan kedalam kajian mengenai (d) integrasi berbagai komponen ekologi, sosial dan lingkungan dalam karakterisasi sistem sosial-ekologis. Hasil-hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya terumbu karang di Kepulauan Spermonde sangat tereksploitasi dan terancam juga oleh limbah polusi dari proses di daratan. Kurangnya mata pencaharian alternatif memperkuat ketergantungan para nelayan tradisional pada sistem patron-klien dan meningkatkan penggunaan sumber daya yang tidak berkelanjutan dan merusak. Keikutsertaan pemangku kepentingan lokal yang lebih erat dalam tata kelola sumber daya alam Kepulauan Spermonde sangat memungkinkan hasil praktik konservasi yang lebih baik, penggunaan sumber daya berkelanjutan, dan peningkatan mata pencaharian bagi masyarakat.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2022-03-04
    Description: Climate-driven changes are affecting sea ice conditions off Tasiilaq, Southeast Greenland, with implications for marine mammal distributions. Knowledge about marine mammal presence, biodiversity, and community composition is key to effective conservation and management but is lacking, especially during winter months. Seasonal patterns of acoustic marine mammal presence were investigated relative to sea ice concentration at two recording sites between 2014 and 2018, with one (65.6°N, 37.4°W) or three years (65.5°N, 38.0°W) of passive acoustic recordings. Seven marine mammal species were recorded. Bearded seals were acoustically dominant during winter and spring, whereas sperm, humpback, and fin whales dominated during the sea ice-free summer and autumn. Narwhals, bowhead, and killer whales were recorded only rarely. Song-fragments of humpback whales and acoustic presence of fin whales in winter suggest mating-associated behavior taking place in the area. Ambient noise levels in 1/3-octave level bands (20, 63, 125, 500, 1000, and 4000 Hz), ranged between 75.6 to 105 dB re 1 μPa. This study provides multi-year insights into the coastal marine mammal community composition off Southeast Greenland and suggests that the Tasiilaq area provides suitable habitat for various marine mammal species year-round.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 131
    Publication Date: 2022-03-03
    Description: The Monte San Nicola area (Southern Sicily) offers a spectacular exposure of open-marine sediments that were employed in 1998 for defining the Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Gelasian Stage (Upper Pliocene). After the lowering of the Pliocene/Pleistocene boundary to ca. 2.6 Ma in 2010, the Gelasian GSSP has been redefined as the base of both the Pleistocene Series and the Quaternary Period, which increased its importance and visibility within the scientific community. However, documentation on the Monte San Nicola reference section is still sparse. In the light of its renewed status, we decided to undertake a complete revision of the Gelasian Stage in its type area, in order to evaluate whether the succession of bio- and magnetostratigraphic events that are expected to occur in the interval of relevance are represented adequately in the local record. The results of our investigation demonstrate that the Monte San Nicola succession spans continuously from the upper Piacenzian to the lower Calabrian, and is therefore suitable to host the Unit Stratotype, or even the Astronomical Unit Stratotype, of the Gelasian Stage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107367
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 132
    Publication Date: 2022-03-03
    Description: En este trabajo se presenta la revisión bibliográfica de la información a fin y pertinente en cuanto al control de la obesidad, así como los tratamientos, metabolitos entre otros rubros para tener una mejor perspectiva de lo que significa este problema, las causas y las consecuencias de su padecimiento. se hace hincapié en las diversas alternativas utilizadas para subsanar el problema y lograr reducir la acumulación de grasas en las personas. Se analizaron y discutieron los datos obtenidos respecto a la fuente de los metabolitos empleados en los diversos procesos y los resultados obtenidos de ellos en relación con la incorporación de nuevos tratamientos.
    Description: This paper presents the bibliographical review of the information for and relevant to the control of obesity, as well as treatments, metabolites among other items to have a better perspective of what this problem means, the causes and consequences of their suffering. Emphasis is placed on the various alternatives used to remedy the problem and to reduce the accumulation of fat in people. The data obtained regarding the source of the metabolites used in the various processes and the results obtained from them in relation to the incorporation of new treatments were analyzed and discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Quitosano ; Quitina ; Exoesqueleto ; Crustáceos ; Obesidad ; Chitosan ; Chitin ; Exoskeleton ; Crustaceans ; Obesity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.27-36
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  • 133
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: Cape Darnley Bottom Water (CDBW) is a major contributor to Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation in the MacRobertson Land continental shelf area, East Antarctica. As the production of CDBW is dependent on intense sea ice formation in the Cape Darnley Polynya Region, it is sensitive to climatic changes, such as global warming. Studying paleo-conditions of CDBW during Antarctica’s transition from coolhouse to icehouse during the middle to late Miocene allows to gain knowledge about the onset of bottom water production in the Cosmonaut/Prydz Bay region as well as changes in the strength and outflow path of the CDBW. In order to study the paleo-conditions of the CDBW, we have investigated the formation history of a 200 km long, 70 km wide sediment drift (Darnley Drift herein) at the western flank of Wild Canyon. In the early Miocene, the upper rise was dominated by turbiditic channel-levee growth and large continental sediment supply off the MacRobertson Land continental shelf. Therefore, no indications of CDBW formation were observed. During the middle Miocene, the dominant sediment transport regime transformed from turbiditic to contouritic mode, mirroring Antarctica’s climatic transition into an icehouse world. This climatic transformation caused the initiation of CDBW, which is inferred from the onset of Darnley Drift formation as a levee-drift and its growth to a maximum areal extent of 60,000 km2, four times the size of today. Since the late Miocene/early Pliocene the sedimentation rate has been strongly reduced and bottom current controlled deposition dominated. The growth of mixed levee-drifts along the continental slope-rise transition parallel to Darnley Drift suggests an intensifi- cation of paleo CDBW generation and outflow to be comparable to observations of recent CDBW, in addition to an intensification of the Antarctic Slope Front and Circumpolar Deep Water.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 134
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Antarctic Bottom Water formation, such as in the Weddell Sea, is an efficient vector for carbon sequestration on time scales of centuries. Yet, possible changes in carbon sequestration under changing environmental conditions are unquantified to date, mainly due to difficulties in simulating the relevant processes on high-latitude continental shelves. Using a model setup including both ice-shelf cavities and oceanic carbon cycling, we demonstrate that by 2100, deep-ocean carbon accumulation in the southern Weddell Sea is abruptly attenuated to only 40% of the rate in the 1990s in a high-emission scenario, while still being 4-fold higher in the 2080s. By assessing deep-ocean carbon budgets and water mass transformations, we show that this decline can be attributed to an increased presence of Warm Deep Water on the southern Weddell Sea continental shelf, a 16% reduction in sea-ice formation, and a 79% increase in ice-shelf basal melt. Altogether, these changes lower the density and volume of newly formed bottom waters and reduce the associated carbon transport to the abyss.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Antarctic sea ice is a critical component of the climate system affecting a range of physical and biogeochemical feedbacks and supporting unique ecosystems. During the last glacial stage, Antarctic sea ice was more extensive than today, but uncertainties in geological (marine sediments), glaciological (ice core), and climate model reconstructions of past sea-ice extent continue to limit our understanding of its role in the Earth system. Here, we present a novel archive of past sea-ice environments from regurgitated stomach oils of snow petrels (Pagodroma nivea) preserved at nesting sites in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. We show that by combining information from fatty acid distributions and their stable carbon isotope ratios with measurements of bulk carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes and trace metal data, it is possible to reconstruct changing snow petrel diet within Marine Isotope Stage 2 (ca. 24.3–30.3 cal kyr BP). We show that, as today, a mixed diet of krill and fish characterizes much of the record. However, between 27.4 and 28.7 cal kyr BP signals of krill almost disappear. By linking dietary signals in the stomach-oil deposits to modern feeding habits and foraging ranges, we infer the use by snow petrels of open-water habitats (“polynyas”) in the sea ice during our interval of study. The periods when consumption of krill was reduced are interpreted to correspond to the opening of polynyas over the continental shelf, which became the preferred foraging habitat. Our results show that extensive, thick, and multiyear sea ice was not always present close to the continent during the last glacial stage and highlight the potential of stomach-oil deposits as a palaeoenvironmental archive of Southern Ocean conditions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 136
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    Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
    In:  EPIC3Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on polar and marine research, Bremerhaven, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, 759, 120 p., ISSN: 1866-3192
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" , notRev
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  • 137
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: This five year multi-institutional and multi-investigator program is entitled "Oceanographic Processes on Continental Shelves Influenced by Large Rivers." Funding began in January, 1987. The scientific goals of this program are a) investigations on a large spatial scale, from the Mississippi River delta to some far field (down-plume) location, to examine biological responses to riverine inputs of dissolved nutrients, suspended sediments, and fresh water; b) investigations on small spatial scales, both horizontally and vertically, in a cross plume direction to examine the role of oceanographic fronts, convergences, and discontinuities in biological production; and c) investigations on small temporal scales, particularly to examine the biological responses to the passage of winter storms. This report summarizes the CTD and hydrographic data from the fourth LaSER oceanography cruise, for the Mississippi River plume region west of the delta.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 99pp.
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: The Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) Program is a component of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program. The central hypothesis of this research is: anthropogenic nutrient inputs have enhanced coastal ocean productivity with subsequent impacts on coastal ocean water quality, living resource yields, and the global marine carbon cycle. The initial study area for this program is the Mississippi/Atchafalaya River Outflow and adjacent Louisiana shelf region. The focus of this cruise, P26-92, was on water column processes particularly phytoplankton, bacterial, and zooplankton processes as they relate to particulate flux. To accomplish these objectives we visited the plume region, the hypoxia region and a blue water region well offshore. In each region, the surface water was initially characterized by use of a flow-through mapping system aboard the vessel Pelican, the MIDAS system. In addition an ADCP system was deployed during portions of the cruise. Within the plume and hypoxia regions, work was accomplished while following free floating sediment traps over 48 hour periods. In addition to routine hydrographic sampling (CTD, nutrients, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter) experimental measurements of phytoplankton production, bacterial production, zooplankton biomass and zooplankton feeding rates were made at appropriate intervals while tracking the sediment traps. This report summarizes the CTD and basic hydrographic measurements made during the cruise.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 200
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: Louisiana Young Scholars in Marine Science is a program supported by the National Science Foundation and the LUMCON Foundation, Inc. Ten students who have completed their junior year of high school and are entering their senior year were selected on scholastic merit for the program in summer of 1992. As a part of this program, a 3-day research cruise was held aboard the R/V Pelican. The purpose of the cruise was two-fold: 1) to acquaint the students with some oceanographic sampling techniques and procedures; and 2) to characterize water column properties in different regions of the northern Gulf of Mexico. This report summarizes the results of this cruise.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 71
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  • 140
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: This five year multi-institutional and multi-investigator program is entitled "Oceanographic Processes on Continental Shelves Influenced by Large Rivers." Funding began in January, 1987. The scientific goals of this program are a) investigations on a large spatial scale, from the Mississippi River delta to some far field (down-plume) location, to examine biological responses to riverine inputs of dissolved nutrients, suspended sediments, and fresh water; b) investigations on small spatial scales, both horizontally and vertically, in a cross plume direction to examine the role of oceanographic fronts, convergences, and discontinuities in biological production; and c) investigations on small temporal scales, particularly to examine the biological responses to the passage of winter storms. This report summarizes the CTD and hydrographic data from the sixth LaSER oceanography cruise, for the Mississippi River plume region west of the delta.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 121
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  • 141
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: The Nutrient Enhanced Coastal Ocean Productivity (NECOP) Program is a component of NOAA's Coastal Ocean Program. The central hypothesis of this research is: Anthropogenic nutrient inputs have enhanced coastal ocean productivity with subsequent impacts on coastal ocean water quality, living resource yields, and the global marine carbon cycle. The initial study area for this program is the mississippi/Atchafalaya River Outflow and adjacent Louisiana shelf region. NECOP cruises I and II were in July/August 1990 and March 1991. The focus of this cruise, NECOP III, was on water column processes particularly phytoplankton, bacterial, and zooplankton processes as they relate to particulate flux. To accomplish these objectives we visited the plume region, the hypoxia region and a blue water region well offshore. In each region, the surface water was initially characterized by use of a flow-through mapping system aboard the vessel PELICAN, the MIDAS system. In addition an ADCP system was deployed with a different frequency being selected for each region. The high Frequency (1200 khz) transducer was used in the plume region, the mid-frequency (600 khz) transducer in the hypoxia region and the low frequency (300 khz) system in the offshore region. Within the plume and hypoxia regions, work was accomplished while following free floating sediment traps over 36-48 hour periods. In addition to routine hydrographic sampling (CTD, nutrients, chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter) experimental measurements of phytoplankton production, bacterial production, phosphorus uptake and turnover, zooplankton biomass and zooplankton feeding rates were made at appropriate intervals while tracking the sediment traps. This report summarizes the CTD and basic hydrographic measurements made during the cruise.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: ASFA_2015::O::Oceanography ; ASFA_2015::C::CTD measurements
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report
    Format: 135
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  • 142
    Publication Date: 2022-03-06
    Description: This work presents the data on the content of cadmium and arsenic in the viscera (visceral mass) of the veined rapa whelk Rapana venosa caught in the Azov Sea (Kerch Strait) and the Black Sea (Feodosia Gulf). In the viscera of the individuals from the Azov Sea, cadmium content was 8.6 mg/kg, and for the individuals from the Black Sea, this value was 3.5, with the allowable level 2.0 mg/kg as stipulated by TR CU 021/2011. Cadmium content in various internal organs of the investigated veined rapa whelk individuals varied. The highest content of cadmium (48 mg/kg) was recorded in the kidney of the individuals caught in the Azov Sea; cadmium content in the digestive gland also exceeded the allowable level. Arsenic content in the viscera of the individuals from the Azov Sea exceeded the allowable level by 7.8 %; this value was significantly lower for the Black Sea (0.1 mg/kg, while the established norm is 5.0 mg/kg). In several organs of the individuals from the Azov Sea (namely, the kidney, ovaries/testes, and digestive gland), arsenic content was within the normal values established by the regulations. The product derived from veined rapa whelk through enzymolysis and subsequent concentration by evaporation, was characterized by increased content of cadmium and arsenic. In terms of cadmium and arsenic content, ovaries and testes of the investigated individuals proved to be safe for consumption; their yield amounts to 10.9 % out of the entire visceral mass, and it is possible to use them as a source of valuable nutrients.
    Description: В работе приведены данные о содержании кадмия и мышьяка во внутренностях (висцеральной массе) рапаны Rapana venosa, выловленной в Азовском море (Керченский пролив) и Черном море (Феодосийский залив). Во внутренностях рапаны из Азовского моря содержание кадмия составляло 8,6 мг/кг, у рапаны из Черного моря — 3,5 мг/кг при допустимом уровне 2,0 мг/кг в соответствии с ТР ТС 021/2011. Отмечено различное содержание кадмия во внутренних органах рапаны. Почка рапаны, выловленной в Азовском море, является органом с самым высоким содержанием кадмия (48 мг/кг), несоответствие кадмия допустимому уровню установлено также в пищеварительной железе. Содержание мышьяка во внутренностях рапаны из Азовского моря на 7,8 % превышало допустимый уровень, у рапаны из Черного моря было значительно ниже — 0,1 мг/кг (норма 5,0 мг/кг). В отдельных органах рапаны из Азовского моря (почка, яичник/семенник, пищеварительная железа) содержание мышьяка отвечало установленным требованиям. Продукт, полученный в результате ферментолиза и последующего упаривания ферментолизата, характеризовался повышенным содержанием кадмия и мышьяка. Безопасными по содержанию кадмия и мышьяка являлись яичники/семенники рапаны, выход которых составлял 10,9 % от массы внутренностей. Они могут быть использованы для получения ценных нутриентов.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Rapana venosa ; Food safety ; Lipids ; Visceral mass ; Enzymolysis ; Kidneys ; Ovaries ; Cadmium ; Безопасность питания ; Жиры ; Почки ; Кадмий ; Ферментолиз ; Висцеральная масса ; ASFA_2015::P::Processing fishery products ; ASFA_2015::M::Marine molluscs ; ASFA_2015::A::Arsenic
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.95-102
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The investigation of the role played by CO2 circulating within the mantle during partial melting and metasomatic/refertilization processes, together with a re-consideration of its storage capability and re-cycling in the lithospheric mantle, is crucial to unravel the Earth's main geodynamic processes. In this study, the combination of petrology, CO2 content trapped in bulk rock- and mineral-hosted fluid inclusions (FI), and 3D textural and volumetric characterization of intra- and inter-granular microstructures was used to investigate the extent and modality of CO2 storage in depleted and fertile (or refertilized) Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM) beneath northern Victoria Land (NVL, Antarctica). Prior to xenoliths entrainment by the host basalt, the Antarctic SCLM may have stored 0.2 vol% melt and 1.1 vol% fluids, mostly as FI trails inside mineral phases but also as inter-granular fluids. The amount of CO2 stored in FI varies from 0.1 μg(CO2)/g(sample) in olivine from the anhydrous mantle xenoliths at Greene Point and Handler Ridge, up to 187.3 μg/g in orthopyroxene from the highly metasomatized amphibole-bearing lherzolites at Baker Rocks, while the corresponding bulk CO2 contents range from 0.3 to 57.2 μg/g. Irrespective of the lithology, CO2 partitioning is favoured in orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene-hosted FI (olivine: orthopyroxene = 0.10 ± 0.06 to 0.26 ± 0.09; olivine: clinopyroxene = 0.10 ± 0.05 to 0.27 ± 0.14). The H2O/(H2O + CO2) molar ratios obtained by comparing the CO2 contents of FI to the H2O amount retained in pyroxene lattices vary between 0.72 ± 0.17 and 0.97 ± 0.03, which is well comparable with the values measured in olivine-hosted melt inclusions from Antarctic primary lavas and assumed as representative of the partition of volatiles at the local mantle conditions. From the relationships between mineral chemistry, thermo-, oxybarometric results and CO2 contents in mantle xenoliths, we speculate that relicts of CO2-depleted mantle are present at Greene Point, representing memory of a CO2-poor tholeiitic refertilization related to the development of the Jurassic Ferrar large magmatic event. On the other hand, a massive mobilization of CO2 took place before the (melt-related) formation of amphibole veins during the alkaline metasomatic event associated with the Cenozoic rift-related magmatism, in response to the storage and recycling of CO2-bearing materials into the Antarctica mantle likely induced by the prolonged Ross subduction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106643
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO2 storage ; Sub-Continental Lithospheric Mantle ; Alkaline metasomatism ; Fluid inclusions ; Synchrotron X-ray microtomography ; Inter-granular fluids ; 04.01. Earth Interior ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The study concerns the analysis of 220Rn (thoron) recorded in the surface soil in two sites of the Campi Flegrei caldera (Naples, Southern Italy) characterized by phases of volcanic unrest in the seven-year period 1 July 2011–31 December 2017. Thoron comes only from the most surface layer, so the characteristics of its time series are strictly connected to the shallow phenomena, which can also act at a distance from the measuring point in these particular areas. Since we measured 220Rn in parallel with 222Rn (radon), we found that by using the same analysis applied to radon, we obtained interesting information. While knowing the limits of this radioisotope well, we highlight only the particular characteristics of the emissions of thoron in the surface soil. Here, we show that it also shows some clear features found in the radon signal, such as anomalies and signal trends. Consequently, we provide good evidence that, in spite of the very short life of 220Rn compared to 222Rn, both are related to the carrier effect of CO2, which has significantly increased in the last few years within the caldera. The hydrothermal alterations, induced by the increase in temperature and pressure of the caldera system, occur in the surface soils and significantly influence thoron’s power of exhalation from the surface layer. The effects on the surface thoron are reflected in both sites, but with less intensity, the same behavior of 222Rn following the increasing movements and fluctuations of the geophysical and geochemical parameters (CO2 flux, fumarolic tremor, background seismicity, soil deformation). An overall linear correlation was found between the 222−220Rn signals, indicating the effect of the CO2 vector. The overall results represent a significant step forward in the use and interpretation of the thoron signal.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5809
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 220Rn ; volcanic unrest ; hydrothermal alteration ; CO2 ; anomaly and trend ; Campi Flegrei
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Here, we describe the dataset of seismic envelopes used to study the S-wave Q-coda attenuation quality factor Qc of the Gargano Promontory (Southern Italy). With this dataset, we investigated the crustal seismic attenuation by the Qc parameter. We collected this dataset starting from two different earthquake catalogues: the first regarding the period from April 2013 to July 2014; the second regarding the period from July 2015 to August 2018. Visual inspection of the envelopes was carried out on recordings filtered with a Butterworth two-poles filter with central frequency fc = 6 Hz. The obtained seismic envelopes of coda decay can be linearly fitted in a bilogarithmic diagram in order to obtain a series of single source-receiver measures of Qc for each seismogram component at different frequency fc. The analysis of the trend Qc(fc) gives important insights into the heterogeneity and the anelasticity of the sampled Earth medium.
    Description: Published
    Description: 98
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismicity Seismic Envelopes ; Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: As a result of changes in approach from traditional to virtual banking system, security in data exchange has become more important; thus, it seems essentially necessary to present a pattern based on smart models in order to reduce fraud in this field. A new algorithm has been provided in this article to improve security and to specify the limits of giving special services to Internet banking users in order to pave appropriate ground for virtual banking. In addition to identifying behavioral models of customers, this algorithm compares the behaviors of any customer with this model and finally computes the rate of trust in customer’s behavior. The hybrid data-mining and knowledge based structure has been adapted in this algorithm according to fuzzy systems. In this research, qualitative data was gathered from interviews with banking experts, analyzed by Expert Choice to identify the most important variables of customer behavior analysis, and to analyze customer behavior and customer bank Internet transaction data for a period of one year by MATLAB and Clementine. The results of this survey indicate that the potential of the given structure to recognize the rate of trust in Internet bank user’s behavior might be at reasonable level for experts in this area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 916
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The investigation of submerged speleothems for sea level studies has made significant contributions to the understanding of the global and regional sea level variations during the Middle and Late Quaternary. This has especially been the case for the Mediterranean Sea, where more than 300 submerged speleothems sampled in 32 caves have been analysed so far. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the results obtained from the study of submerged speleothems since 1978. The studied speleothems cover the last 1.4 Myr and are mainly focused on Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1, 2, 3, 5.1, 5.3, 5.5, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, and 7.5. The results reveal that submerged speleothems represent extraordinary archives providing accurate information on former sea level changes. New results from a stalagmite collected at Palinuro (Campania, Italy) and characterized by marine overgrowth are also reported. The measured elevations of speleothems are affected by the local response to glacial and hydro-isostatic adjustment (GIA), and thus might significantly deviate from the global eustatic signal. A comparison of the ages and altitude values of the Mediterranean speleothems and flowstone from the Bahamas with local GIA provides a new scenario for MIS 5 and 7 sea level reconstructions
    Description: Published
    Description: 77
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Mediterranean Sea; submerged speleothems; phreatic speleothems; sea level change; coastal caves; GIA ; sea level
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Areas of the Mediterranean Sea are dynamic habitats in which human activities have been conducted for centuries and which feature micro-tidal environments with about 0.40 m of range. For this reason, human settlements are still concentrated along a narrow coastline strip, where any change in the sea level and coastal dynamics may impact anthropic activities. We analyzed light detection and ranging (LiDAR) and Copernicus Earth observation data. The aim of this research is to provide estimates and detailed maps (in three coastal plain of Sardinia (Italy) and in the Pontina Plain (southern Latium, Italy) of: (i) the past marine transgression occurred during MIS 5.5 highstand 119 kyrss BP; (ii) the coastline regression occurred during the last glacial maximum MIS 2 (21.5 krs cal BP); and (iii) the potential marine submersion for 2100 and 2300. The objective of this multidisciplinary study is to provide maps of sea level rise future scenarios using the IPCC RCP 8.5 2019 projections and glacio-hydro-isostatic movements for the above selected coastal zones (considered tectonically stable), which are the locations of touristic resorts, railways and heritage sites. We estimated a potential loss of land for the above areas of between about 146 km2 (IPCC 2019-RCP8.5 scenario) and 637 km2 along a coastline length of about 268 km.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2597
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: central Mediterranean coastal plains; past (MIS 5.5) and future sea level at 2100 and 2300; Sardinia; Pontina Plain ; sea level
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 149
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: The Pollino range is a region of slow deformation where earthquakes generally nucleate on low-angle normal faults. Recent studies have mapped fault structures and identified fluid related dynamics responsible for historical and recent seismicity in the area. Here, we apply the coda-normalization method at multiple frequencies and scales to image the 3-D P-wave attenuation (QP) properties of its slowly deforming fault network. The wide-scale average attenuation properties of the Pollino range are typical for a stable continental block, with a dependence of QP on frequency of Q−1 P = (0.0011   0.0008) f (0.36 0.32). Using only waveforms comprised in the area of seismic swarms, the dependence of attenuation on frequency increases [Q−1 P = (0.0373   0.0011) f (−0.59 0.01)], as expected when targeting seismically active faults. A shallow very-low-attenuation anomaly (max depth of 4–5 km) caps the seismicity recorded within the western cluster 1 of the Pollino seismic sequence (2012, maximum magnitude Mw = 5.1). High-attenuation volumes below this anomaly are likely related to fluid storage and comprise the western and northern portions of cluster 1 and the Mercure basin. These anomalies are constrained to the NW by a sharp low-attenuation interface, corresponding to the transition towards the eastern unit of the Apennine Platform under the Lauria mountains. The low-seismicity volume between cluster 1 and cluster 2 (maximum magnitude Mw = 4.3, east of the primary) shows diffuse low-to-average attenuation features. There is no clear indication of fluid-filled pathways between the two clusters resolvable at our resolution. In this volume, the attenuation values are anyway lower than in recognized low-attenuation blocks, like the Lauria Mountain and Pollino Range. As the volume develops in a region marked at surface by small-scale cross-faulting, it suggests no actual barrier between clusters, more likely a system of small locked fault patches that can break in the future. Our model loses resolution at depth, but it can still resolve a 5-to-15-km-deep high-attenuation anomaly that underlies the Castrovillari basin. This anomaly is an ideal deep source for the SE-to-NW migration of historical seismicity. Our novel deep structural maps support the hypothesis that the Pollino sequence has been caused by a mechanism of deep and lateral fluid-induced migration.
    Description: Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Centre for Doctoral Training (CDT) in Oil and Gas. University of Aberdeen.
    Description: Published
    Description: 536–547
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: body waves ; seismic attenuation ; seismic tomography ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 150
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Les compositions isotopiques en carbone et en azote (δ13C ; δ15N) ont été mesurées sur des restes osseux humains et animaux du Mésolithique dans le nord-est de l’Italie afin de documenter l’alimentation de ces dernières communautés de chasseurs-cueilleurs et les liens entre l’environnement et les stratégies de subsistance. Les restes osseux analysés proviennent d’une femme adulte (Mésolithique ancien, Sauveterrien récent) inhumée à Vatte di Zambana (Trento), d’un homme adulte (Mésolithique récent, Castelnovien) inhumé à Mondeval de Sora (Belluno) et d’une femme adulte du site de Mezzocorona-Borgonuovo (Trento). La position stratigraphique de la sépulture à Mezzocorona-Borgonuovo ainsi que les pratiques funéraires suggèrent une attribution au Mésolithique. Les ratios isotopiques du carbone et de l’azote du collagène osseux des sujets humains ont été comparés avec ceux d’animaux de différentes espèces associés stratigraphiquement aux sépultures. Les résultats isotopiques ainsi qu’un modèle bayésien, réalisé à partir de ces données et celles de la littérature, indiquent une contribution très significative des protéines animales du milieu terrestre, et surtout la consommation importante de cerfs par rapport aux autres ongulés, ainsi qu’un rôle potentiel des poissons d’eau douce et de petits mammifères. Ces données complètent les informations apportées par les études archéozoologiques et relancent la discussion sur le rôle secondaire que peuvent avoir le chamois, l’ibex, les petits mammifères et les ressources aquatiques, comme le brochet, dans la subsistance de ces nomades. Cette étude reste toutefois préliminaire et le faible corpus d’échantillons analysés nous amène à considérer ces interprétations avec prudence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 67-86
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Keywords: Alimentation des groupes mésolithiques, Sud des Alpes ; Mesolithic
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Coastal dynamics are the result of several processes controlling the balance between sediment input and output over time. The beach system is not always able to maintain a neutral coastal balance due to natural and anthropogenic causes. We present an integrated marine geology, geomorphological and sea-level rise analysis in the coastal sector between Torre delle Ciavole and Capo Calavà (North-Eastern Sicily, Italy).This sector is characterized by high uplift rates and frequent seismicity (mainly generated by the very active Vulcano-Tindari Fault System), promoting the development of mass-wasting processes in the coastal and offshore sectors. A main erosive feature observed in the area is the head of the Gioiosa Marea submarine canyon, located at some meters of depth, few hundred meters far the coastline. The main morphological features of the canyon were reconstructed through the analysis of high-resolution multibeam data, indicating that the canyon is active, as also testified by the comparison of time-lapse aerial photos. Due to this active setting, the study area is exposed to multiple geohazards, among which we deal with: (1) retrogressive instability at the head of the Gioiosa Marea submarine canyon, (2) coastal erosion favored by the downlope funnelling of littoral drift at the canyon head, (3) flooding scenario at 2100 using the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) and Rahmstorf sea-level projections. The consequences associated with these geohazards are amplified by the strong anthropization pressures occurring along in this sector. Our results provide key insights regarding the future scenarios of this coastal sector, revealing the effects of the retrogressive activity associated with the canyon head on the coastal strip. We also present the first management tool for the application of forecasting studies by local administrations.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2
    Description: 3A. Geofisica marina e osservazioni multiparametriche a fondo mare
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Submarine canyon · Sicily continental margin · Uplift rate · Coastal erosion · Relative sea-level projections · Coastal flooding ; Geohazard assessment
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Understanding the sources of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils is a worldwide challenge that requires effective discrimination between geogenic and anthropogenic contributions, particularly in areas with certain geological complexity. This study aims to examine the chemical contents of 23 topsoil samples collected from the surroundings of a fossil fuel power plant in the village of Puerto Libertad (Sonoran Desert, Mexico). The study did not exclusively focus on the source identification of the priority PTEs to evaluate soil pollution. Furthermore, major oxides and immobile trace element (Zr, Hf, and REE: La→Lu) data were provided for a reliable assessment of the provenance of the soils. The relatively high SiO2 contents (65.26–75.42 wt%, anhydrous basis), the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS)-normalized REE patterns, and the uniformity of the values of the Index of Compositional Variability (ICV = 1.11–2.72) and the Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA = 31.65–51.79) suggest that the soils were derived from intermediate to felsic source rocks, controlled by the local weathering of the parent bedrocks, under a low degree of chemical weathering conditions. The PTE data were treated following a robust workflow, which included the use of the enrichment factor (EF), the Spearman rank correlation (ρ), and multivariate statistical analyses allowed the generation of significant elemental associations and the identification of pools related either to the geological background or to anthropogenic activities. The results suggesting that Mo and Zn concentrations present a moderate anthropogenic influence while the concentrations of Pb, Sn, Cu, Cd, As, Cr, and Co are predominantly of geogenic origin. Vanadium (avg. EFV = 3.4) and Ni (avg. EFNi = 4.6) were the most enriched elements in the soils. Moreover, the highest values of the integrated Nemerow Pollution Index (PIN〉3) were recorded at the sampling stations closer to the village, suggesting point-source pollution by the emissions of the power station. Finally, in this paper is traced the extent of the particulate released into the atmosphere, which can be dispersed in a wide area into the Sonoran Desert.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105158
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Environmental geochemistry ; Geogenic sources ; Anthropogenic impact ; Provenance ; Power plant pollution ; Puerto libertad ; PTEs ; Solid Earth
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 153
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Comprehensive hydrogeochemical studies have been conducted in the Campi Flegrei volcanic aquifer since late 20th century due to the volcanic unrest. In the last decade, groundwater samples were grouped based on the dominant anion species (i.e. bicarbonate, sulfate and chloride) to explain the general hydrogeochemical processes. In this article, 44 groundwater samples are collected from Campi Flegrei aquifer to geochemically and spatially capture the main characteristics of the groundwater body. The hierarchical clustering algorithm is then performed on proportion of bicarbonate, sulfate and chloride, and the optimum number of clusters are determined regarding the results of deep hydrogeochemical investigations published in the past. The collected samples are categorized in the following groups: (1) bicarbonate-rich groundwater; (2) chlorine-rich groundwater; (3) sulfate-rich groundwater; and (4) mixed groundwater. The first group (As = 158.2 ± 169 μg/l, electric conductivity = 1,732.1 ± 1,086 μS/cm and temperature = 25.6 ± 8 ◦C) is mainly derived from poor arsenic meteoric water, but there is significant thermal/seawater contribution in the second one (As = 1,457.8 ± 2,210 μg/l, electric conductivity = 20,118.3 ± 11,139 μS/cm and temperature = 37.1 ± 20 ◦C). Interaction of the bicarbonate-rich groundwater and hydrothermal vapors gives rise to the sulfate-rich groundwater (As = 847.2 ± 679 μg/l, electric conductivity = 3,940.0 ± 540 μS/cm and temperature = 82.8 ± 3 ◦C) around Solfatara volcano. The mixed groundwater (As = 451.4 ± 388 μg/l, electric conductivity = 4,482.9 ± 4,027 μS/cm and temperature = 37.1 ± 16 ◦C) is observed where the three main groundwater groups undergo a mixing process, depending on the hydrogeology of the volcanic aquifer. Contrary to the bicarbonate- and sulfate-rich groundwater, the chlorine-rich and mixed groundwater generally occurs at low piezometric levels (approximately 〈1 m above sea level) near the coastline. The hierarchical cluster analysis provides more information about the volcanic aquifer, particularly when compositional data analysis is applied to study hydrogeochemistry of the homogeneous groundwater groups and to uncover the relationships between variables. Addressing compositional nature of data is recommended in the future studies for developing new tools that help deeper understanding of groundwater evolution in volcanic aquifers and identifying promising precursors of volcanic eruption.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106922
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Hierarchical cluster analysis ; Groundwater evolution ; Hydrothermal system ; Precursors of volcanic eruption ; 03.02. Hydrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Decades of geochemical monitoring at active crater lakes worldwide have confirmed that variations in major elements and physico-chemical parameters are useful to detect changes in volcanic activity. However, it is still arduous to identify precursors of single phreatic eruptions. During the unrest phase of 2009–2016, at least 679 phreatic eruptions occurred at the hyperacid and hypersaline crater lake Laguna Caliente of Poás volcano (Costa Rica). In this study, we investigate the temporal variations of Rare Earth Elements (REE) dissolved in Laguna Caliente in order to 1) scrutinize if they can be used as a new geochemical tool to monitor changes of phreatic activity at hyperacid crater lakes and 2) identify the geochemical processes responsible for the variations of REE concentrations in the lake. The total concentration of REE varies from 950 to 2,773 μg kg−1. (La/Pr)N-local rock ratios range from 0.93 to 1.35, and Light REE over Heavy REE (LREE/HREE)N-local rock ratios vary from 0.71 to 0.95. These same parameters vary in relation to significant changes in phreatic activity; in particular, the (La/Pr)N-local rock ratio increases as phreatic activity increases, while that of (LREE/HREE)N-local rock decreases when phreatic activity increases. REE concentrations and their ratios were compared with the variations of major elements and physico-chemical parameters of the lake. Calcium versus (La/Pr)N-local rock and versus (LREE/HREE)N-local rock ratios show different trends compared to the other major elements (Na, K, Mg, Al, Fe, SO4, and Cl). Moreover, a higher loss of Ca (up to 2,835 ppm) in lake water was found with respect to the loss of Al, K, and Na. This loss of Ca is argued to be due to gypsum precipitation, a process corroborated by the mass balance calculation simulating the precipitation of gypsum and the contemporaneous removal of REE from the lake water. The observed relations between REE, changes in phreatic activity, and the parameters commonly used for the monitoring of hyperacid volcanic lakes encourage investigating more on the temporal and cause-effect relationship between REE dynamics and changes in phreatic activity at crater lake-bearing volcanoes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 716970
    Description: 5V. Processi eruttivi e post-eruttivi
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Rare Earth Elements ; Poas Volcano ; phreatic eruptions ; geochemical monitoring ; hyperacid volcanic lakes ; Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: This study represents the first attempt to combine the geomorphological characteristics of the island of Ustica with the human settlements that have been established during prehistory, with the purpose of reconstructing the interactions between communities and the natural environment from the Neolithic to the Middle Bronze Age (6th - 1st millennia B.C.). Ustica is a small island in the Southern Tyrrhenian Sea, visible but far (~55 km) from the northern coast of western Sicily. Its rugged volcanic nature, remodeled and enriched by the sea, offered to the first colonizers a wide repertoire of opportunities and challenges. This island can be treated as an ideal “laboratory” to understand how settlers, taking their first steps towards the foundation of organized communities, were able to seize opportunities or succumb to obstacles. The review of archaeological research until now carried out in Ustica, integrated with geomorphological data and other biogeographical indicators, offers a picture of the prehistory of Ustica in which human presence is continuous and distributed in various sites of the island characterized by different physiographic characteristics. There are phases dominated by the choice of naturally protected sites and phases in which settlements expands on open land, suitable for agricultural use. Where the archaeological evidence is scarce, the geomorphological peculiarities allow us to decipher the vocations and characters of a human settlement. The study leads to an open question: in the Middle Bronze Age, after about five thousand years of uninterrupted habitation of Ustica, which factors, geological, social, or other, induced the early communities to abandon the island, without returning there for about eight centuries, until the Hellenistic-Roman age?
    Description: Published
    Description: VO550
    Description: 6A. Geochimica per l'ambiente e geologia medica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Geoarchaeology ; Geoarchaeology ; Prehistoric Settlements ; Island Archaeology ; Volcanic Landscape
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Estimates of global ice volume during MIS 3 (60-29 ka) can be constrained between -25 and -87 m (Shackleton, 2000; Waelbroeck et al., 2002; Clark et al., 2009; Hughes et al., 2013; Grant et al., 2014). As regards the maximum altitude reached during this period there are few observed data for a comparison between the global curves and the variations due to different rheostay of the mantle in coastal areas. Uncertainties on the rheostatic behaviour near- or far-fields from the ice bulk during cold period, make it very difficult to estimate the local sea level during MIS 3. Several factors make investigations of MIS 3 sea level difficult: i) the areas where suitable coastal sediments formed are currently submerged at depths of few tens of meters below present sea level; ii) the preservation of geomorphic features and sedimentary records is limited due to the erosion occurred during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with sea level at depth of -130m, followed by marine transgression that determined the development of ravinement surfaces). Few data were observed worldwide, especially when tectonics or GIA in the near field leads to uplifts. Our research aims to point out what has been published globally and in the Mediterranean, but, above all, to illustrate the sections of new outcrops in Cannitello (Calabria, Italy) where we have found and dated fossiliferous marine pocket beaches deposited on uplifted bed metamorphic rock. Radiocarbon ages of marine shells (about 43 kyrs cal BP) indicate that these outcrops (presently at 28 and 30 meters above sea level) belong to MIS 3.1. Based on some considerations regarding the altitude of MIS 3.1 highstand, the correction for altitude with the local vertical tectonic movements and GIA of the Cannitello outcrops allows us to revise the eustatic altitude of this highstand. This is consistent with the recent findings (Gowan et al., 2020), which are based on a novel ice sheet modelling technique
    Description: Published
    Description: Vienna
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Keywords: MIS3, Calabria ; MIS 3
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Abstract
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Coastal and ocean island volcanoes are renowned for having unstable flanks. This can lead to flank deformation on a variety of temporal and spatial scales ranging from slow creep to catastrophic sector collapse. A large section of these unstable flanks is often below sea level, where information on the volcano-tectonic structure and ground deformation is limited. Consequently, kinematic models that attempt to explain measured ground deformation onshore associated with flank instability are poorly constrained in the offshore area. Here, we attempt to determine the locations and the morpho-tectonic structures of the boundaries of the submerged unstable southeastern flank of Mount Etna (Italy). The integration of new marine data (bathymetry, microbathymetry, offshore seismicity, reflection seismic lines) and published marine data (bathymetry, seafloor geodesy, reflection seismic lines) allows identifying the lineament north of Catania Canyon as the southern lateral boundary with a high level of confidence. The northern and the distal (seaward) boundaries are less clear because no microbathymetric or seafloor geodetic data are available. Hypotheses for their locations are presented. Geophysical imaging suggests that the offshore Timpe Fault System is a shallow second-order structure that likely results from extensional deformation within the moving flank. Evidence for active uplift and compression upslope of the amphitheater-shaped depression from seismic data along with subsidence of the onshore Giarre Wedge block observed in ground deformation data leads us to propose that this block is a rotational slump, which moves on top of the large-scale instability. The new shoreline-crossing structural assessment may now inform and improve kinematic models.
    Description: Published
    Description: 810790
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seafloor ; fault ; flank dynamics ; hydroacoustic ; geodesy ; seismic profiles ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.08. Volcanology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.02. Data dissemination
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Integration of new fishing or harvesting targets in the food production is always associated with the examination of the raw material and the products derived from it in terms of the safety for human consumption. A targeted harvesting of jellyfish in the Azov and Black Seas, according to the Fishing Regulations, is to be conducted within 15 June – 30 September timeframe that is characterized by the average daily air temperature around 25 °С. The results of investigation of microbiological characteristics indicate the possibility for preserving the quality of barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo during its cold storage. Microbiological safety of the raw jellyfish bells is determined for mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms, bacteria of the coliform group, and pathogenic microorganisms, including salmonella (Listeria monocytogenes). Recommended shelf life of chilled jellyfish (bells) is established at the duration of 4 days at the temperature in a refregirating chamber 4±2 °С, which should involve one of the possible cooling methods: with ice, by water immersion, or by aimbient air; recommended shelf life of frozen jellyfish at the storage temperature no higher than minus 18 °С is established at the duration of 5 months. It is shown that content of toxic elements (lead, cadmium, mercury, arcenic) in jellyfish does not exceed the specified allowable level.
    Description: Использование новых объектов промысла для производства пищевой продукции всегда связано с изучением безопасности сырья и продукции из него для человека. Специализированный вылов медуз в Азовском и Черном морях согласно Правилам рыболовства должен осуществляться в период с 15 июня по 30 сентября, который характеризуется среднесуточной температурой воздуха около 25 °С. Результатами исследований микробиологических показателей установлена возможность сохранения качества медуз корнерот Rhizostoma pulmo в процессе холодильного хранения. Показана микробиологическая безопасность куполов медузы-сырца в отношении мезофильных аэробных и факультативно-анаэробных микроорганизмов, бактерий группы кишечной палочки, а также патогенных микроорганизмов, в т. ч. сальмонеллы (Listeria monocytogenes). Установлен рекомендованный срок годности охлажденной медузы (куполов) в течение 4 суток при температуре воздуха холодильной камеры 4±2 °С при использовании одного из способов охлаждения — льдом, погружением в воду, на воздухе; рекомендованный срок годности мороженой медузы при температуре хранения не выше минус 18 °С установлен в течение 5 месяцев. Показано, что содержание токсичных элементов (свинец, кадмий, ртуть, мышьяк) в медузах не превышает установленный уровень.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Rizostoma pulmo ; Freezing ; Cooling ; Cadmium ; Storage period ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Fishery regulations ; Pathogenic microorganisms ; Кадмий ; Замораживание ; Охлаждение ; Патогенные микроорганизмы ; Правила рыболовства ; ASFA_2015::F::Food security ; ASFA_2015::P::Processing fishery products ; ASFA_2015::F::Frozen products
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.103-108
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: The Syvash Bay is located in the Western Azov Sea and is separated from it by the Arabat Spit. After the channel was shut off in 2014, the water salinity in the bay gradually increased, which leads to the changes in the Syvash biota. During the desalinization period, the bay served as an important spawning and feeding ground for the juveniles of the Azov Sea fish species that mainly feed on zooplankton. The increase in salinity has inevitably influenced its state. It is shown that the highest indices of zooplankton development have been recorded in the northern part, the most desalinated one, and the lowest values have been observed in the southern part, characterized by the highest salinity. That said, in the northern part of the bay, zooplankton abundance was 1.2–1.4 and biomass was 2.7–2.9 times lower in July than in June. At the same time, in the southern part of the bay, characterized by the highest salinity, the average abundance of zooplankton in July was 2.1–4.4 times lower as compared to June, and for zooplankton biomass, this value was 1.5–4.1 times lower. Furthermore, rotifers and isopods were virtually absent in this area, and no nematodes and flatworms were recorded. The study has shown that, as the result of the further salinization, the Syvash Bay has the possibility to become a hypersaline water body again. In this case, the species richness of zooplankton will deteriorate considerably, and ultrasaline species will be prevalent in its species composition. This work was aimed at the investigation of the status of the zooplanktonic community in the summer season (June–July) of 2019.
    Description: Залив Сиваш расположен в западной части Азовского моря и отделен от него косой Арабатская стрелка. Перекрытие канала в 2014 г. привело к повышению солености залива и изменению биоты Сиваша. В период распреснения залив являлся важным районом нереста и нагула молоди рыб Азовского моря, основным кормом для которых является зоопланктон. Повышение солености залива не могло не сказаться на его состоянии. Показано, что в северной, наиболее опресненной, части наблюдались наиболее высокие показатели уровня развития зоопланктона, а в южной, наиболее соленой, — низкие. При этом, в июле в северной части численность зоопланктона была в 1,2–1,4 раза, а биомасса в 2,7–2,9 раза меньше, чем в июне. В южной, наиболее соленой части, средняя численность зоопланктона в июле, по сравнению с июнем, уменьшилась в 2,1–4,4 раза, а биомасса — в 1,5–4,1 раза. Также здесь практически полностью отсутствовали коловратки и равноногие раки, не были отмечены нематоды и плоские черви. Результаты исследования показали, что при дальнейшем осолонении залив Сиваш может снова стать гипергалинным водоемом. В этом случае видовое богатство зоопланктона значительно сократится, а в его составе будут преобладать ультрагалинные виды. Целью данной работы было изучение состояния зоопланктонного сообщества в летний период (июнь–июль) 2019 г.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Copepods ; Salinization ; Species composition ; Abundance ; Ultrasaline species ; Biomass ; Копеподы ; Осолонение ; Видовой состав ; Ультрагалинные виды ; Биомасса ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::E::Eutrophication ; ASFA_2015::S::Salt lakes
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.121-129
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: This work considers specific features of development and spatial distribution of the animal plankton in the coastal waters of the Black Sea encompassing the areas along the Crimean Peninsula and in the northeastern part of the sea. Zooplankton community was predominantly comprised of the live feed organisms, which distribution across this areas was extremely irregular. The lowest and the highest values of the biomass and abundance of live feed plankton were recorded in the northeastern part of the sea. In the area around the Crimean Peninsula, their distribution was more uniform. The highest level of development was recorded for the representatives of the summer and autumn range of species, with Oithona davisae and Penilia avirostris as the dominant species, which prevalence is characteristic for these seasons. Sea sparkle Noctiluca scintillans was poorly developed throughout the entire investigated area. In higher numbers, this species was presented in the coastal waters of the Crimean Peninsula. The coastal waters of the Northeastern Black Sea were characterized by the highest species diversity.
    Description: В работе рассматриваются особенности развития и пространственного распределения животного планктона прибрежной зоны Черного моря, охватывающей акватории Крымского полуострова и северо-восточной части моря. Зоопланктонное сообщество в подавляющем своем большинстве формировалось кормовыми организмами, распределение которых по акватории было крайне неравномерным. Наиболее низкие и максимально высокие значения численности и биомассы кормового планктона отмечались в северо-восточной части моря. На акватории Крымского полуострова их распределение было более равномерным. Наибольший уровень развития отмечался у представителей летне-осеннего комплекса с обычными для этого сезона видами-доминантами Oithona davisae и Penilia avirostris. Ночесветка Noctiluca scintillans на всей исследованной акватории развивалась слабо. Более массово этот вид был представлен на побережье Крымского полуострова. Наибольшим видовым разнообразием характеризовались прибрежные акватории северо-восточной части Черного моря.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Noctiluca scintillans ; Penilia avirostris ; Oithona davisae ; Spatial distribution ; Biomass ; Aquatic communities ; Species diversity ; Dominant species ; Пространственное распределение ; Биомасса ; Доминирующие виды ; Водные сообщества ; Видовое разнообразие ; ASFA_2015::Y::Zooplankton ; ASFA_2015::C::Coastal waters ; ASFA_2015::A::Abundance
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.109-115
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: This work presents the data characterizing qualitative and quantitative parameters of the roach juveniles, reared in 2020 in the spawning and rearing farms (hatcheries) of the Krasnodar Territory; the hatcheries belong both to the liman (East-Akhtarsk and Chernoerkovsk Hatcheries) and floodplain (Beysug and Yeysk Hatcheries) types. In the East-Akharst Hatchery, all migrating juveniles reached their standard weight and were characterized by good physiological status. In the Chernoerkovsk Hatchery, the weight of around 70 % of the released juveniles was lower than the normative values (300 g); their physiological status was acceptable. Density of the roach juveniles distribution in this hatchery exceeded 40,000 ind./ha, which led to high food competition. In the water bodies of the Beysug Hatchery, the average body weight and physiological status of the released roach juveniles were compliant with the normative values. In the Yeysk Hatchery, due to poor hydrological regime during the reproductive season, the efficiency of roach reproduction was extremely low.
    Description: В работе приводятся материалы, характеризующие количественные и качественные показатели молоди тарани, выращенной в 2020 г. в нерестово-выростных хозяйств Краснодарского края лиманного (Восточно-Ахтарское и Черноерковское ОСП) и пойменного типа (Бейсугское и Ейское ОСП). В Восточно-Ахтарком ОСП вся покатная молодь достигла стандартной массы и характеризовалась хорошим физиологическим состоянием. В Черноерковском ОСП около 70 % выпускаемой молоди имела массу ниже нормативных значений (300 мг), физиологическое состояние ее было удовлетворительным. Плотность распределения молоди тарани в этом хозяйстве была более 40000 шт./га, что создавало высокую пищевую конкуренцию. В водоемах Бейсугского ОСП средняя масса тела выпускаемой молоди тарани соответствовала нормативной, физиологическое состояние соответствовало значениям нормы. В Ейском ОСП в связи с неудовлетворительным гидрологическим режимом в рыбоводный период эффективность воспроизводства молоди тарани была крайне низкой.
    Description: Published
    Description: Refereed
    Keywords: Rutilus rutilus ; Rearing farms ; Aquaculture development ; Food competition ; East-Akharsk Hatchery ; Chernoerkovsk Hatchery ; Yeysk Hatchery ; Beysug Hatchery ; Нерестово-выростное хозяйство (НВХ) ; Физиологическое состояние ; Восточно-Ахтарское ОСП ; Черноерковское ОСП ; Бейсугское ОСП ; Ейское ОСП ; ASFA_2015::S::Spawning grounds ; ASFA_2015::H::Hatcheries ; ASFA_2015::J::Juveniles
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.130-136
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Recruitment to the vimba bream (Vimba vimba natio carinata (Pall.)) population with juveniles in the Azov Sea Basin occurs through both natural and artificial reproduction. This work presents the results of long-term studies aimed at the assessment of artificial reproduction and rearing the juveniles of vimba bream in the Azov Sea and Don River Region. The quality of the juveniles released into a natural water body has been assessed based on their morphometric characteristics and the chemical composition of their muscle tissue. The criteria for quality assessment based on the fat, protein, and ash content have been established. The correlation between morphobiological characteristics and fecundity has been identified; the equations for calculation of some parameters, such as weight of the gonads and estimated operational fecundity, have been derived. The recruitment to the stocks of aquatic biological resources with vimba bream juveniles for the last 7 years (2015–2021) is presented.
    Description: Пополнение популяции рыбца (Vimba vimba natio carinata (Pall.)) Азовского бассейна молодью осуществляется в т. ч. и за счет искусственного воспроизводства. В работе представлены результаты многолетних исследований по оценке искусственного воспроизводства молоди рыбца в Азово-Донском районе. Дана оценка качества выпускаемой в естественный водоем молоди по морфометрическим показателям и показателям химического состава мышц. Определены критерии оценки качества по содержанию жира, белка, золы. Выявлена корреляционная зависимость между морфо-биологическими показателями и плодовитостью, выведены формулы для определения отдельных показателей, таких как вес гонад, расчетная рабочая плодовитость. Представлен объем пополнения водных биологических ресурсов молодью рыбца за последние 7 лет (2015–2021).
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Vimba vimba natio carinata ; Breeders ; Gonadosomatic index ; Oocytes ; Larvae ; Proteins ; Ооциты ; Производители ; Белки ; Жиры ; Влага ; ASFA_2015::J::Juveniles ; ASFA_2015::A::Artificial rearing ; ASFA_2015::F::Fecundity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.137-146
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Following the increasing anthropogenic load on the Black Sea ecosystem, monitoring surveys of phytoplankton as the foundation of the trophic pyramid become more and more essential. The data on composition and functional characteristics of the phytoplankton in the Kerch coastal waters (Black Sea), collected in the course of the expeditionary trip of the Research Vessel “Professor Vodyanitskiy” in July, 2019, are presented. The samples were collected and processed using standard methods of hydrobiological research. Estimation of the biomass was conducted using the enumerative volumetric method based on the personally collected measurement data. Mathematical processing was performed with the original software “Phytoplankton”, developed in the Laboratory of the Systems Analysis of Aquatic Biological Resources and Databases. The changes in phytoplankton composition within the hydrological layers are shown; the quantitative parameters of the development of phytoplankton communities are analyzed. Thespecies composition and the combination of the most abundant species were compliant with those of the summer season. The highest species diversity and quantitative values of the plankton were recorded in the surface and thermocline levels. Coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi comprised the majority of its abundance, and the dinoflagellates were the most sizable in terms of biomass. The cold mixed layer was inhabited by low-species algocoenoses with low abundance and biomass.
    Description: На фоне усиливающегося антропогенного воздействия на экосистему Черного моря, мониторинговые исследования фитопланктона, как первичного звена трофической цепи, особенно актуальны. Представлены данные по структурно-функциональным характеристикам фитопланктона Прикерченского района Черного моря, полученные в ходе проведения экспедиции НИС «Профессор Водяницкий» в июле 2019 г. Отбор и обработку проб проводили стандартными методами для гидробиологических исследований. Расчет биомассы проводили счетно-объемным методом, используя данные собственных измерений. Математическую обработку выполняли при помощи оригинального программного обеспечения «Фитопланктон», разработанного в лаборатории системного анализа водных биологических ресурсов и баз данных. Показаны изменения структуры фитопланктона в гидрологических горизонтах, проанализированы количественные показатели развития фитопланктонных сообществ. Видовой состав и комплекс доминирующих видов был характерен для летнего сезона. Наибольшее видовое разнообразие планктона и наибольшие количественные показатели отмечены в поверхностном слое и слое термоклина. Основу численности на этих горизонтах формировала кокколитофорида Emiliania huxleyi, основу биомассы — динофлагелляты. Холодный перемешанный слой населен маловидовыми альгоценозами с низкой численностью и биомассой.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Anthropogenic factors ; Emiliania huxleyi ; Check lists ; Abundance ; Surface layers ; Trophic chains ; Dinoflagellates ; Coccolithophores ; Антропогенные факторы ; Видовой состав ; Трофические цепи ; Поверхностный слой ; Динофлагелляты ; Кокколитофориды ; ASFA_2015::P::Phytoplankton ; ASFA_2015::D::Dominant species ; ASFA_2015::B::Biomass
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.116-120
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: This article considers the main results of experimental research work aimed at determination of the catchability coefficients of a fingerling survey dragnet for the juveniles of common carp and herbivorous fish species (silver carp, grass carp), conducted in the rearing ponds of the Aquaculture Research Center “Vzmorye” (“Seacoast”) in 2019–2020 with the purpose of improving the appraising method for fish assessment. The factors influencing and determining the catchability coefficient of the survey fishing gear are discussed. The methods for conducting the appraisal surveys of fish juveniles are presented. According the methodology developed by the authors for conducting experimental research work and for determination of the calculated catchability coefficient for a survey dragnet, the source data were collected and processed; based on those data, the catchability coefficients for a survey dragnet, size 15×2 m, targeting the common carp juveniles weighted 10 g and 40–85 g, have been evaluated. The possibility of using a fingerling survey dragnet for the juveniles of herbivorous fish species (silver carp of the average weight 10 g, and grass carp of the average weight 15–25 g) has been considered, and its catchability coefficients have been identified. The possibility of using a longer dragnet, of the size 302 m, in the appraising surveys of herbivorous fish species (silver carp) has been evaluated experimentally. The results showing the unfitness of the 15×2 m dragnet for the appraisal surveys of the juveniles of herbivorous fish species (silver carp, grass carp) in the rearing ponds of the Azov Sea and Don River Region upon a headwater level 0.6–1.2 m have been obtained.
    Description: В статье рассмотрены основные результаты научно-экспериментальных работ по определению коэффициентов уловистости учетной мальковой волокуши по отношению к молоди сазана и растительноядных видов рыб (белый толстолобик, белый амур), проведенных в период 2019–2020 гг. в выростных прудах НЦА «Взморье» с целью совершенствования бонитировочного метода учета рыб. Описаны факторы, влияющие и определяющие коэффициент уловистости учетных орудий лова. Указаны методики проведения бонитировочного способа учета молоди рыб. В соответствии с разработанной авторами методикой проведения научно-экспериментальных работ и определения расчетного коэффициента уловистости учетной волокуши получены и обработаны исходные данные, по которым определены коэффициенты уловистости учетной волокуши размером 15×2 м по отношению к молоди сазана средней массой 10 г и 40–85 г, рассмотрена возможность применения и определены коэффициенты уловистости учетной мальковой волокуши по отношению к молоди растительноядных видов рыб (белый толстолобик средней массой 10 г, белый амур средней массой 15–25 г). Опытным путем рассмотрена возможность применения в качестве учетного орудия лова более длинной волокуши размером 302 м для учета растительноядных видов рыб (белый толстолобик). Получены результаты, показывающие непригодность волокуши 15×2 м при бонитировочном методе учета молоди растительноядных рыб (белого толстолобика, белого амура) в выростных прудах Азово-Донского района в осенний период при подпорном уровне воды 0,6–1,2 м.
    Description: Published
    Description: Non Refereed
    Keywords: Catchability coefficient ; Common carp ; Grass carp ; Silver carp ; Appraising survey method ; Научный центр аквакультуры (НЦА) «Взморье» ; Молодь белого толстолобика ; Молодь белого амура ; Молодь сазана ; Учетная волокуша ; Коэффициент уловистости ; ASFA_2015::J::Juveniles ; ASFA_2015::H::Hatcheries ; ASFA_2015::D::Dragging nets
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution
    Format: pp.147-168
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Keywords: ddc:300
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: Cities around the globe are implementing innovative transport solutions as part of measures to address pertinent socio-economic and environmental challenges in urban areas and help drive the transition to low carbon development. Planning and implementing such solutions require an effective and collective approach that includes the needs and aspirations of all relevant stakeholders. In the planning and implementation of urban transport projects, capacity building components have assumed great significance but seem to be the most eluded activity for project implementers. The Living Lab concept, which allows for co-creation in innovation development, presents the opportunity to adopt innovative participatory approach in capacity building activities in transport projects; and is largely seen as a potential catalyst for rapid transformation to low carbon and sustainability transitions in cities. To this end, this paper highlights the usefulness of the Living Lab approach and provides some perspectives on how key elements of the approach are adapted in the process of assessing the capacity needs of nine (9) cities in planning and implementing e-mobility innovations. The cities are participating in an innovation research project. In the case studied, the project’s capacity needs assessment process was analyzed using an assessment framework built on four (4) key elements of the Living Lab approach, namely: extent of real-life contextualization, level of participation, diversity of stakeholders, and the time span of engagement. Insights from the assessment suggest that relevant project partners and city representatives with diverse expertise were actively involved from the onset and throughout the first 5 months of the project in defining and refining the capacity needs of partner cities based on local e-mobility conditions. This co-creative process helped determine priority areas where the need for capacity building mostly lied. Designing and operationalizing capacity building interventions tailored to the identified needs, as realized in the project, could therefore help build the necessary capacity and complement other measures aimed at developing e-mobility in the project’s partner cities.
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2022-03-16
    Description: During solar storms, the Sun expels large amounts of energetic particles (SEP) that can react with the Earth's atmospheric constituents and produce cosmogenic radionuclides such as 14C, 10Be and 36Cl. Here we present 10Be and 36Cl data measured in ice cores from Greenland and Antarctica. The data consistently show one of the largest 10Be and 36Cl production peaks detected so far, most likely produced by an extreme SEP event that hit Earth 9125 years BP (before present, i.e., before 1950 CE), i.e., 7176 BCE. Using the 36Cl/10Be ratio, we demonstrate that this event was characterized by a very hard energy spectrum and was possibly up to two orders of magnitude larger than any SEP event during the instrumental period. Furthermore, we provide 10Be-based evidence that, contrary to expectations, the SEP event occurred near a solar minimum.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2022-03-17
    Description: The idea for the Green Recovery Tracker was born in spring 2020 when governments started making announcements on economic Corona recovery measures. From a climate and resilience perspective it is key that those recovery packages, investments and subsidies are in line with long-term climate and sustainability targets. Thus, recovery packages should not only boost the economy in the short-term, but also strike the path to a just transition towards climate neutrality. Against this background, Wuppertal Institute and E3G have launched the Green Recovery Tracker project in late summer 2020 to shed light on the following questions: What can be considered an effective green recovery? What are good examples, which can be used as an inspiration for recovery programs aiming to support sustainable development? Where do the individual Member States stand with respect to aligning their recovery activities with the climate policy agenda? In this report, you will find our Methodology as well our Policy Briefing highlighting our key takeaways of our country and sectoral analyses. It further includes a section on "What can we learn from our experience with the Green Recovery Tracker?". The briefing concludes with a "Guidance for future funding programs and achieving climate targets overall".
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 169
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    In:  EPIC3SchülerKlimaGipfel #Chance, Lünen
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 170
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: We describe a new genus of dalytyphloplanid rhabdocoels, with seven new species. Orostylis gen. nov. has a unique combination of characters including the presence of a sclerotised stylet, an anteriorly positioned male copulatory organ with the male genital pore in the buccal cavity, and the absence of an oviduct. The ovary empties directly into the intestinal lumen. Orostylis dohae sp. nov., Orostylis asinaraensis sp. nov., Orostylis caecus sp. nov., Orostylis distortus sp. nov., Orostylis donanae sp. nov., Orostylis gallicus sp. nov., and Orostylis timucuorum sp. nov. are distinguished from each other by the structure of the sclerotised parts of the male copulatory organ. Molecular and morphological evidence place the new genus in Neodalyellida Willems et al. 2006, and similarities with other taxa are discussed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 171
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    In:  EPIC3Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, Online-Seminar, Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 172
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    In:  EPIC3Lehrerfortbildung der Deutschen Klimastiftung "Die Klimakrise als Thema für den Unterricht und die Schule", Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 173
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    In:  EPIC3Delegiertenversammlung, Deutscher Gewerkschaftsbund, Region Bremen-Elbe-Weser, Bremen
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 174
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    In:  EPIC3IG Metall Weser-Elbe, Delegiertenversammlung, Bremerhaven
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 175
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: The West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) presently holds enough ice to raise global sea level by 4.3 m if completely melted. The unknown response of the WAIS to future warming remains a significant challenge for numerical models in quantifying predictions of future sea level rise. Sea level rise is one of the clearest planet-wide signals of human-induced climate change. The Sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to a Warming of 2 ∘C (SWAIS 2C) Project aims to understand past and current drivers and thresholds of WAIS dynamics to improve projections of the rate and size of ice sheet changes under a range of elevated greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere as well as the associated average global temperature scenarios to and beyond the +2 ∘C target of the Paris Climate Agreement. Despite efforts through previous land and ship-based drilling on and along the Antarctic margin, unequivocal evidence of major WAIS retreat or collapse and its causes has remained elusive. To evaluate and plan for the interdisciplinary scientific opportunities and engineering challenges that an International Continental Drilling Program (ICDP) project along the Siple coast near the grounding zone of the WAIS could offer (Fig. 1), researchers, engineers, and logistics providers representing 10 countries held a virtual workshop in October 2020. This international partnership comprised of geologists, glaciologists, oceanographers, geophysicists, microbiologists, climate and ice sheet modelers, and engineers outlined specific research objectives and logistical challenges associated with the recovery of Neogene and Quaternary geological records from the West Antarctic interior adjacent to the Kamb Ice Stream and at Crary Ice Rise. New geophysical surveys at these locations have identified drilling targets in which new drilling technologies will allow for the recovery of up to 200 m of sediments beneath the ice sheet. Sub-ice-shelf records have so far proven difficult to obtain but are critical to better constrain marine ice sheet sensitivity to past and future increases in global mean surface temperature up to 2 ∘C above pre-industrial levels. Thus, the scientific and technological advances developed through this program will enable us to test whether WAIS collapsed during past intervals of warmth and determine its sensitivity to a +2 ∘C global warming threshold (UNFCCC, 2015).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2022-03-13
    Description: Short duration events (SDEs) are reported worldwide from ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs). Due to their high frequency (4–30 Hz) and short duration, they are commonly attributed to aseismic sources, such as fluid migration related processes from cold seeps, biological signals, or noise. We present the results of a passive seismic experiment that deployed an OBS network for 10-month (October 2015–July 2016) at an active seepage site on Vestnesa Ridge, West Svalbard continental margin.We characterize SDEs and their temporal occurrence using the conventional short-time-average over long-time-average approach. Signal periodograms show that SDEs have periodic patterns related to solar and lunar cycles. A monthly correlation between SDE occurrences and modelled tides for the area indicates that tides have a partial control on SDEs recorded over 10 months. The numbers of SDEs increase close to the tidal minima and maxima, although a correlation with tidal highs appears more robust. Large bursts of SDEs are separated by interim quiet cycles. In contrast, the periodicity analysis of tremors shows a different pattern, likely caused by the effect of tidally controlled underwater currents on the instrumentation. We suggest that SDEs at Vestnesa Ridge may be related to the dynamics of the methane seepage system which is characterized by a complex interaction between migration of deep sourced fluids, gas hydrate formation and seafloor gas advection through cracks. Our observation from this investigated area offshore west-Svalbard, is in line with the documentation of SDEs from other continental margins, where micro-seismicity and gas release into the water column are seemingly connected.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 178
    Publication Date: 2022-03-13
    Description: In this study the dynamics of retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS), which are main permafrost thawing features along the eroding coasts of the Arctic region, were investigated by using MACS airborne stereo ortho imagery of the 2021 Perma-X flight campaign in West Alaska. The attempt was a remote sensing change detection done by using digital terrain models for structure from motion photogrammetry. The developed workflow was applied at two study sites at the coast of the Baldwin Peninsula. At the time of the data acquisition in June and July 2021 the area was facing heavy rainfalls, which are assumed to occur more often and intensely due to climate change. The aim was to use the results of the digital terrain model differences for measuring the rainfall erosion and their impact on RTS activity. For processing images photogrammetrically and generating digital elevation models PIX4D was used. Image adjustments and the difference calculations were done with QGIS. Unfortunately the created digital terrain models show a lot of large and small scale failures, which were so severe that a successful DTM differencing was not possible. Mass movement and erosion can be seen at some locations in the DTM, but accurate detecting or measuring of RTS dynamics was not possible with the data and the developed workflow. Therefore the influence of the heavy rainfall event of Summer 2021 remains unclear up to this point.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 179
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: This work sets out to identify a state-of-the-art system to be used for the calibration of seismic sensors. The aim is to acquire such a system within the framework of the PON ARS01 00926 EWAS (an Early Warning System for cultural heritage) project, which seeks to develop new technologies for the protection, conservation and safety of cultural heritage and envisages creating a newly developed seismic monitoring system. This system will exploit the ETL3D/5s-H hybrid sensors, resulting from the integration of a precision accelerometer within the ETL3D/5s velocimeter [Fertitta et al., 2020]. The new calibration system, already acquired and being installed, can be used by the EWAS project partners (including the National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology and the Kore University of Enna), to calibrate the ETL3D/5s-H sensors, and by external organisations to calibrate or gauge other seismic sensors, thus providing a useful service to the scientific community and supporting industrial activities. This paper presents the method used and the activities undertaken to define the technical specifications of the calibration system. A feasibility study of an electromechanical vibrating table and the testing of two electrodynamic calibration systems were carried out. One of the electrodynamic systems is the CS18P (Calibration System for Seismic Sensors) produced by the German firm SPEKTRA. The CS18P comprises two vibrating tables, one horizontal and one vertical, which, thanks to their fluid-dynamic suspension, eliminate the sliding and rolling friction associated with the movement of the moving part with respect to the fixed part. A hardware and software system monitors and controls the motion in real time, analyses the data and automatically processes a predefined set of measurements. In the light of the technical specifications and experimental results, the CS18P represents the ideal solution for the aims of the EWAS project and also in view of the possible future uses of the calibration system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-38
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic sensors calibration, Vibration exciter, Seismometer
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2022-03-09
    Description: The eruptions of Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy), one of the most studied and dangerous active volcanic areas of the world, are fed by mildly potassic alkaline magmas, from shoshonite to trachyte and phonotrachyte. Petrological investigations carried out in past decades on Campi Flegrei rocks provide crucial information for understanding differentiation processes in its magmatic system. However, the compositional features of rocks are a palimpsest of many processes acting over timescales of 100–104 years, including crystal entrapment from multiple reservoirs with different magmatic histories. In this work, olivine, clinopyroxene and feldspar crystals from volcanic rocks related to the entire period of Campi Flegrei’s volcanic activity are checked for equilibrium with combined and possibly more rigorous tests than those commonly used in previous works (e.g., Fe–Mg exchange between either olivine or clinopyroxene and melt), with the aim of obtaining more robust geothermobarometric estimations for the magmas these products represent. We applied several combinations of equilibrium tests and geothermometric and geobarometric methods to a suite of rocks and related minerals spanning the period from ~59 ka to 1538 A.D. and compared the obtained results with the inferred magma storage conditions estimated in previous works through different methods. This mineral-chemistry investigation suggests that two prevalent sets of T–P (temperature–pressure) conditions, here referred to as “magmatic environments”, characterized the magma storage over the entire period of Campi Flegrei activity investigated here. These magmatic environments are ascribable to either mafic or differentiated magmas, stationing in deep and shallow reservoirs, respectively, which interacted frequently, mostly during the last 12 ka of activity. In fact, open-system magmatic processes (mixing/mingling, crustal contamination, CO2 flushing) hypothesized to have occurred before several Campi Flegrei eruptions could have removed earlier-grown crystals from their equilibrium melts. Moreover, our new results indicate that, in the case of complex systems such as Campi Flegrei’s, in which different pre-eruptive processes can modify the equilibrium composition of the crystals, one single geothermobarometric method offers little chance to constrain the magma storage conditions. Conversely, combined methods yield more robust results in agreement with estimates obtained in previous independent studies based on both petrological and geophysical methods
    Description: Published
    Description: 308
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2022-03-10
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 182
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    In:  EPIC3Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 148, pp. 620-640
    Publication Date: 2022-03-10
    Description: Ensemble Kalman filters are widely used for data assimilation applications in the geosciences. While they are remarkably stable even with nonlinear systems, it is known that they are not optimal in this case. The alternative particle filters are fully nonlinear, but difficult to apply with high-dimensional models. To combine the strengths of both filter types, a hybrid filter is introduced that combines the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF) with the nonlinear ensemble transform filter (NETF). Three variants of the hybrid filter are formulated. The hybridization is controlled by a hybrid weight. Different hybrid weights are examined and a new adaptive approach based on the ensemble skewness and kurtosis is introduced. The different hybrid filters and the schemes to compute the hybrid weight are assessed in numerical experiments with the nonlinear Lorenz-63 and Lorenz-96 models at different degrees of nonlinearity. A hybrid variant that first applies the NETF followed by the LETKF yields the best results. For the Lorenz-96 model, error reductions by up to 21.5% compared with the LETKF are obtained for the same ensemble size. Computing the hybrid weight based on skewness and kurtosis combined with the effective sample size yields the lowest estimation errors and the overall highest stability of the hybrid filter. The new hybrid filter applies localization and inflation and is hence also usable with high-dimensional models and can potentially provide a robust way to account for leading nonlinearity with small ensembles in nonlinear data assimilation applications.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2022-03-14
    Description: On Vulcano Island (Italy), many geochemical crises have occurred during the last 130 years of solfataric activity. The main crises occurred in 1978–1980, 1988–1991, 1996, 2004–2007, 2009–2010 and the ongoing 2021 anomalous degassing activity. These crises have been characterized by early signals of resuming degassing activity, measurable by the increase of volatiles and energy output emitted from the summit areas of the active cone, and particularly by increases of gas/water ratios in the fumarolic area at the summit. In any case, a direct rather than linear correspondence has been observed among the observed increase in the fluid output, seismic release and ground deformation, and is still a subject of study. We present here the results obtained by the long-term monitoring (over 13 years of observations) of three extensive parameters: the SO2 flux monitored in the volcanic plume, the soil CO2 flux and the local heat flux, monitored in the mild thermal anomaly located to the east of the high-temperature fumarole. The time variations of these parameters showed cyclicity in the volcanic degassing and a general increase in the trend in the last period. In particular, we focused on the changes in the mass and energy output registered in the period of June–December 2021, to offer in near-real-time the first evaluation of the level and duration of the actual exhalative crisis affecting Vulcano Island. In this last event, a clear change in degassing style was recorded for the volatiles emitted by the magma. For example, the flux of diffused CO2 from the soils reached the maximum never-before-recorded value of 34,000 g m−2 d −1 and the flux of SO2 of the plume emitted by the fumarolic field on the summit crater area reached values higher than 200 t d−1 . The interpretation of the behavior of this volcanic system, resulting from the detailed analyses of these continuous monitoring data, will complete the framework of observations and help in defining and possibly forecasting the next evolution of the actual exhaling crisis.
    Description: This research was funded by the INGV-DPCN (Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology—Italian National Department for Civil Protection) volcanic surveillance program of Vulcano island, ObFu 0304.010. Moreover, this investigation was partially funded by the TORS project in the framework of institutional INGV projects “Ricerca Libera” ObFu 9999.549; and Pianeta Dinamico Task V2, ObFu 1020.010.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1283
    Description: 4V. Processi pre-eruttivi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: : SO2 flux; CO2 flux; heat flux; Vulcano Island; geochemical crisis; extensive parameters
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 184
    Publication Date: 2022-03-15
    Description: Marine forests and kelps as their foundation species are threatened by ocean warming especially at the warm distributional edges. Previously identified genetic divergence and ecotypic differentiation within kelp species may allow to produce more resilient lineages by intraspecific outbreeding among populations. In a mechanistic investigation of heat stress, heterosis (hybrid vigour), and underlying gene expression patterns, we assessed the thermal performance of inbred (selfings) and outbred (reciprocal crosses) sporophytes of the N-Atlantic kelp Laminaria digitata among clonal isolates from two divergent populations; one from the temperate North Sea (Helgoland) and one from the Arctic (Spitsbergen). First, we investigated the upper thermal tolerance of microscopic sporophytes in a 14-day experiment applying sublethal to lethal 20–23°C. The upper survival temperature of microscopic sporophytes was lower for the inbred Arctic selfing (21°C) than for the temperate selfing and the reciprocal crosses (22°C). Only in the temperate selfing, 4.5% of sporophytes survived 23°C. We then subjected 4–7 cm long sporophytes to a control temperature (10°C), moderate (19°C) and sublethal to lethal heat stress (20.5°C) for 18 days to assess gene expression in addition to physiological parameters. Growth and optimum quantum yield decreased similarly in the reciprocal crosses and the temperate selfing at 19 and 20.5°C, while inbred Arctic sporophytes died within seven days at both 19 and 20.5°C. In response to 20.5°C, 252 genes were constitutively regulated across all surviving lineages, which we use to describe metabolic regulation patterns in response to heat stress in kelp. At sublethal 20.5°C, ca. 150 genes were differentially expressed by either crossed lineage in comparison to the temperate selfing, indicating that they maintained a growth response similar to the temperate selfing with differential metabolic regulation during sublethal heat stress. Subtle differences in physiology and the differential expression of nine genes between the reciprocal crosses at 20.5°C indicate that female and male gametophytes may contribute differently to offspring traits. We consider potential inbreeding depression in the Spitsbergen selfing and quantify the better performance of both crosses using heterosis-related parameters. We discuss the potential and risks of outbreeding to produce more resilient crops for mariculture and marine forest restoration.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 185
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Sea ice thickness is a key parameter in the polar climate and ecosystem. Thermodynamic and dynamic processes alter the sea ice thickness. The Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition provided a unique opportunity to study seasonal sea ice thickness changes of the same sea ice. We analyzed 11 large-scale (∼50 km) airborne electromagnetic sea thickness and surface roughness surveys from October 2019 to September 2020. Data from ice mass balance and position buoys provided additional information. We found that thermodynamic growth and decay dominated the seasonal cycle with a total mean sea ice thickness increase of 1.4 m (October 2019 to June 2020) and decay of 1.2 m (June 2020 to September 2020). Ice dynamics and deformation-related processes, such as thin ice formation in leads and subsequent ridging, broadened the ice thickness distribution and contributed 30% to the increase in mean thickness. These processes caused a 1-month delay between maximum thermodynamic sea ice thickness and maximum mean ice thickness. The airborne EM measurements bridged the scales from local floe-scale measurements to Arctic-wide satellite observations and model grid cells. The spatial differences in mean sea ice thickness between the Central Observatory (〈10 km) of MOSAiC and the Distributed Network (〈50 km) were negligible in fall and only 0.2 m in late winter, but the relative abundance of thin and thick ice varied. One unexpected outcome was the large dynamic thickening in a regime where divergence prevailed on average in the western Nansen Basin in spring. We suggest that the large dynamic thickening was due to the mobile, unconsolidated sea ice pack and periodic, sub-daily motion. We demonstrate that this Lagrangian sea ice thickness data set is well suited for validating the existing redistribution theory in sea ice models. Our comprehensive description of seasonal changes of the sea ice thickness distribution is valuable for interpreting MOSAiC time series across disciplines and can be used as a reference to advance sea ice thickness modeling.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 186
    Publication Date: 2022-04-26
    Description: Sea ice and its snow cover play a key role within the climate and ecosystem. Due to global environmental changes which are amplified in the Arctic Ocean, its sea-ice cover will primarily consist of thin and young sea ice with a reduction in extent. In particular, the area where snow accumulates reduces and the fraction of melt-pond covered sea ice and of openings in the sea-ice cover such as leads increase. Those changes of the surface conditions strongly influence the partitioning of solar radiation. The main objective of this dissertation was to establish relationships between the surface conditions that are observed and expected to dominate in the future Arctic and under-ice radiation. A deeper and broader knowledge of such relationships is especially necessary in spring and autumn during which the under-ice radiation can have significant impacts on the annual energy budget. To achieve that, field measurements collected using a variety of instruments during three campaigns for three different sea-ice types, locations, and seasons were analysed and interpreted. A main result was to derive a new parametrization for snow depth retrieval from spectral under iceradiation measurements. This was successfully achieved with an accuracy of approximately 5 cm for two ice types, in two locations, during two seasons. In contrast to the established theory that melt ponds act as bright windows to the underlying ocean, it was possible to document and analyse cases where a thicker snow cover accumulated on melt ponds compared to on adjacent bare ice. This resulted, surprisingly, in lower levels of under-ice radiation underneath the melt ponds than underneath bare ice. New analyses of relationships between thermodynamics and optics of a refreezing lead and thin ice suggest that radiative transfer in thin ice is often not accurately accounted for using bulk formulations, as they are applicable for thicker ice. The initial states of the lead’s opening and refreezing need to be treated separately and cannot generally be considered windows into the ocean. This dissertation extended our knowledge of the relationships between snow and surface conditions and under-ice radiation. The results point towards impacts on sea-ice energy balance, ocean heat content, thermodynamic ice growth, and ice-and ocean-associated ecosystem activity.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 187
    Publication Date: 2022-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2022-04-24
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 189
  • 190
    Publication Date: 2022-04-24
    Description: Hillaire‐Marcelet al. bring forward several physical and geochemical arguments against our finding of an Arctic glaciolacustrine system in the past. In brief, we find that a physical approach to further test our hypothesis should additionally consider the actual bathymetry of the Greenland–Scotland Ridge (GSR), the density maximum of freshwater at 3–4°C, the sensible heat flux from rivers, and the actual volumes that are being mixed and advected. Their geochemical considerations acknowledge our original argument, but they also add a number of assumptions that are neither required to explain the observations, nor do they correspond to the lithology of the sediments. Rather than being additive in nature, their arguments of high particle flux, low particle flux, export of 230Th and accumulation of 230Th, are mutually exclusive. We first address the arguments above, before commenting on some misunderstandings of our original claim in their contribution, especially regarding our dating approach.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 191
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    Unknown
    Frontiers
    In:  EPIC3Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers, 9(893117)
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: Anthropogenic activities are driving rapid changes in aquatic environments. Numerous studies suggest that climatic shifts and anomalies will convey severe consequences for ecosystems worldwide, leading to disruptions in key processes within populations including larval development, individual growth, and reproductive success. This is further exacerbated by the negative impacts on between-species interactions, and changes to biodiversity and ecosystem services (Munday et al., 2013). Understanding the responses of organisms to environmental shifts is imperative to help predict their fate on a changing planet. Particularly, the capacity of individuals and populations to cope through phenotypic plasticity and adaptation is of critical interest, with advances in genomics and epigenomics techniques helping to unveil the underlying molecular mechanisms (Eirin-Lopez and Putnam, 2019). However, major knowledge gaps remain about the adaptive potential of marine organisms to respond to future ocean conditions. The aim of this Research Topic was to bring together novel research approaches that examine acclimation and adaptation processes in marine organisms, their role in population resilience, and implications for geographical distributions and range shifts under rapid climate change. Contributions to the topic span a broad range of taxa, and investigate a diverse array of response mechanisms such as thermal safety margins (Bennett et al.), thermotolerance via endosymbionts and gene expression (Naugle et al.), tolerance via changes in allele frequencies (Knöbel et al.), local adaptation and maternal effects (Richards et al.), transgenerational plasticity (TGP; Chang et al.), environment-dependent reproductive success (Wanzenböck et al.), and phenological shifts to long-term seasonal changes (Xia et al.). Furthermore, the importance of environmental variability (not only mean changes) at different time scales, the role of developmental or life history stage in phenotypic responses, as well as future challenges for plasticity research (both within and across generations) are outlined in Bautista and Crespel.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: In den vergangenen zwei Jahren hat sich die Welt verändert und vermehrt beherrschen Krisen das Bild. Jahrzehntelange Gewissheiten gelten nicht mehr, Risiken und Unsicherheiten nehmen zu, die Herausforderungen werden immer komplexer und erfordern gleichzeitig immer schnelleres und konsequenteres Handeln.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: contributiontoperiodical , doc-type:contributionToPeriodical
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2022-04-27
    Description: Marine phytoplankton constitutes about half of the primary production on Earth. It forms the base of the marine food web and is a pivotal player in the marine biological carbon pump. The primary environmental drivers that control phytoplankton growth are temperature, nutrient availability, light, and the concentration of inorganic carbon species. Ongoing climate change modifies these drivers, leading to a warming, high-CO2 ocean with altered nutrient availabilities and light regimes. Changes in phytoplankton productivity and community composition resulting from these newly emerging environmental states in the ocean have important implications for the marine ecosystem and carbon cycling. Biogeochemical ocean models are used to investigate how marine primary production may be affected by future climate change under different emission scenarios. Phytoplankton growth rates in models are typically determined by functions describing growth dependencies on temperature, light, and nutrients. However, a large body of laboratory studies on phytoplankton responses to environmental drivers reveals two points that are usually not considered in current biogeochemical models. Firstly, phytoplankton growth can be considerably modified by the state of the carbonate system. Changes in inorganic carbon species concentrations can be either growth-enhancing (CO2(aq) and bicarbonate are substrates for photosynthesis), or growth-dampening (increasing CO2(aq) levels lead to a shift in the carbonate equilibria and result in a pH decrease, a process which is called ocean acidification). Functions describing this growth dependence of phytoplankton on the carbonate system have not been implemented in large-scale ocean biogeochemical models so far. Secondly, growth responses towards one driver can be modified if the level of another driver is changing. Functions including these so-called interactive driver effects partly exist in models (e.g. the response to varying light levels may depend on the nutrient limitation term). However, the large number of laboratory studies on multiple driver effects has never been used to constrain driver interactions in large-scale ocean biogeochemical models. This holds especially true for the findings of growth responses to driver interactions that include ocean acidification, which make up the largest share of laboratory experiments. This thesis aims to investigate sensitivities of marine phytoplankton to changing CO2(aq) levels as well as to interactive effects between CO2 and other environmental drivers. A comprehensive and reproducible literature search in combination with a statistical analysis (Publication I) reveals that increasing CO2(aq) levels robustly dampen the growth-increasing effects of warming and improving light conditions. In addition, the results show that the calcifying phytoplankton group of coccolithophores experiences the strongest negative effects by ocean acidification compared to other phytoplankton groups. A second study (Publication II) examines the effects of mechanistically described carbonate system dependencies on primary production and community composition in a model. To this end, carbonate system dependencies of phytoplankton growth and and coccolithophore calcification are implemented into the global biogeochemical ocean model REcoM. The study shows that responses to ocean acidification cascade on growth responses to other drivers, which partly balance or counteract the direct impact of the carbonate system on growth rates. In addition, warming is identified as the main driver of the observed recent increase of coccolithophore biomass in the North Atlantic. A final study (Publication III) investigates the interactive effects between CO2 and temperature as well as between CO2 and light on phytoplankton biomass and community composition in a high emission scenario. For the parametrization in REcoM, growth responses to interacting drivers as synthesized in Publication I are used. The decrease of global future phytoplankton biomass and net community production by the end of the century is similar in simulations with and without driver interactions (-6% and -8%, respectively). However, phytoplankton responses to future climate conditions are considerably modified on a regional scale and the share of individual phytoplankton groups in the community changes both globally and regionally when accounting for multiple driver effects. Globally, diatoms and coccolithophores are impacted more and small phytoplankton less severely by future oceanic conditions when accounting for driver interactions. Future projections of the Southern Ocean phytoplankton community are modified most dramatically with the new interactive growth formulation, as diatoms and coccolithophores become less and small phytoplankton more abundant, while it is the other way round in simulations without driver interactions. The thesis highlights 1) that the carbonate system is a critical growth-modifying driver for phytoplankton in a high-CO2 ocean, which can furthermore modify growth responses to other drivers substantially, and 2) that driver interactions have considerable effects on climate-change induced alterations in the phytoplankton community as well as on regional biomass changes in a future ocean.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Thesis , notRev
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2022-04-27
    Description: Being a vast carbon pool, ocean is an important component of the climate system. It absorbs not only the heat trapped by the greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, but also a quarter of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions itself. Ocean carbon uptake, however, decreases the pH in seawater that has negative implications for marine life. Despite the progress over the last decades, observational data is still sparse in the global oceans. Moreover, there are still gaps in understanding key processes and relevant feedbacks of global ocean carbon source/sink in response to atmospheric CO2 scenarios. Marine biogeochemical models are helpful tools to bridge these gaps. In this study we coupled the Finite-volumE Sea ice-Ocean Model (FESOM2.1) to the Regulated Ecosystem Model (REcoM2). Compared to the previous version FESOM1.4-REcoM2, the model utilizes a new dynamical core based on a finite volume discretization instead of finite elements, but retains the biogeochemical part. Mocsy2.0 computes carbonate chemistry including water vapor correction. It operates on variable mesh resolution. Unlike standard structured-mesh ocean models, the mesh flexibility allows for a realistic representation of small-scale dynamics in key regions at affordable computational cost. Here we present an assessment of the ocean and biogeochemical states simulated with FESOM2.1-REcoM2 in a relatively low spatial resolution global configuration forced with JRA55-do atmospheric reanalysis. A bias present in the previous model version FESOM1.4-REcoM2 in annual mean global ocean-atmosphere CO2 flux can be significantly reduced. Besides, the computational efficiency is about 2-3 times higher than FESOM1.4-REcoM2. Thus, the new coupled model is a promising tool for ocean biogeochemical modelling applications.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2022-04-27
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 196
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    Unknown
    In:  EPIC3Global Change Biology, 28(1), pp. 6-7, ISSN: 1354-1013
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: We assess about 20 years of onshore and offshore subsidence along a sector of the Upper Adriatic Sea (Italy) coastal areas affected by natural soil compaction and intense anthropogenic activities such as aquifers exploitation and hydrocarbons extraction. Our approach is based on the synergistic use of independent remote sensing and in-situ geodetic data to detect and spatially characterise the deformation pattern by cross-validating the different available measurements. We collect extensive datasets from i) SAR images provided by Envisat, Cosmo- SkyMed and Sentinel-1 missions, ii) GNSS measurements from continuous stations managed by public institutions, local authorities and private companies and iii) Leveling surveys. The cross-validation analysis shows good agreement among all the independent datasets, thus providing a reliable assessment of the ongoing deformation. We detect an onshore and offshore subsidence peak of about 1/-1.5 cm/yr in the proximity of the coastline, close to Lido di Dante and Fiumi Uniti villages, and at the present offshore platform. The outcomes highlight how the integration of different remote sensing and in situ geodetic techniques is successful to retrieve deformation history in time and space in complex areas, where different natural and anthropogenic sources concur to the overall deformation pattern. Moreover, such approach provides a robust support to modelling studies for hazard assessment in both inland and shoreline areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 102756
    Description: 1TR. Georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The Campi Flegrei caldera is a complex and resurgent structure, and its active portion has been the site of an intense volcanism with eruptions concentrated in temporal clusters, called epochs. The caldera is home to about 350,000 people. In the past decades, many scientific studies were aimed at both defining fundamental parameters of a future eruption, and hazard zoning of the territory. The approach to the volcanic hazard assessment of the Campi Flegrei caldera has progressively changed through time from a “deterministic” interpretation of the available information to a quantitative probabilistic elaboration of the main sources of uncertainty. In particular, on the long-term, Astroni-Agnano-Solfatara is recognised to be the most probable area in which a vent will likely open, while the Averno-Monte Nuovo is the second most probable one. Significant uncertainty affects these results, and a non-negligible vent opening probability spreads over the whole caldera. The inter-event times of volcanic eruptions span from a few years to thousands of years. Within the epochs of activity, the mean recurrence time is tens of years, and intra-epoch temporal groups are evident. The probability that the next eruption will be of 〈 0.1 km3 volume of magma DRE is *95%. Larger size eruptions tend to be localised in the central-eastern sector of the caldera. Expected hazards from renewal of explosive volcanism result from pyroclastic fallout and pyroclastic density currents. Pyroclastic fallout deposits in excess of 300 kg/m2 can affect most of the caldera and the city of Naples with more than 10% probability. The entire caldera has the potential to be affected by pyroclastic density currents invasion with mean probability above 30% in its central-eastern portion, and above 50% in the Agnano area. Invasion probabilities of ca. 5–10% have been estimated for the urbanised areas along the eastern slopes of the Posillipo Hill. In summary, probabilistic hazard assessment is particularly important in Campi Flegrei caldera, due to the uncertain location for potential vents and the large variability of eruption styles and sizes that cannot be, at the present time, effectively constrained by monitoring signals.
    Description: Published
    Description: 311–355
    Description: 6V. Pericolosità vulcanica e contributi alla stima del rischio
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 199
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: magmatic volatiles
    Description: Published
    Description: 431-556
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Keywords: silicate melts ; thermodynamic modeling ; volcanic gases ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The entanglement between active tectonics and karst systems is well-known in the literature. Karst systems are sound recorders of continental deformation in terms of brittle structures and seismic features and have been successfully used as markers for reconstructing tectonic stresses and assessing preferential directions of increased permeability in oil and gas fields. Karst systems could also be exploited to evaluate the past activity of faults bounding karst hydrostructures, thus providing useful data for the assessment of the seismic hazard of a specific area. In this work, we look into the complex relationship among karst development, recent tectonics and groundwater flow, which appear to be strongly interconnected with each other, to assess the activity of faults bounding karst hydrostructures. We focused our attention on an active karst area located in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic carbonate reliefs of the Italian central Apennines. In this context, the morphological and morphometric features of the karst landforms (dolines, dry valleys, and cave entrances), identified with geomorphological surveys, and their mutual relationship with fractures and fault segments, identified employing geostructural analysis, document stasis and deepening events in karst evolution. Such events are related to changes in the groundwater table and the consequent variation of the paleokarst base level associated with the Quaternary fault activity. A comprehensive evaluation of the evolution of karst systems at local and regional scales, considering the hydrogeological influence on base levels, allows us to use karst landforms as a proxy to unravel fault activity and evolution in Italy and in other similar karst environments.
    Description: Published
    Description: 891319
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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