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  • AERODYNAMICS  (2,092)
  • 1980-1984  (2,091)
  • 1925-1929  (1)
  • 101
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1923, Accession no. A81-29500
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 9921-8669); 21; 420-427
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  • 102
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2342, Accession no. A82-31855
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 21; 120-122
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  • 103
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 588, Accession no. A83-16824
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 250
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  • 104
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An improved method, based on one strip approximation of the method of integral relations which was reported originally by Belov, Ginzburg and Shub (1973), is presented for the calculation of flow parameters in the impingement region of a supersonic, underexpanded jet striking a normal surface located within the first cell. The results are presented for two impingement conditions and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Aeronautical Quarterly; 33; Aug. 198
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  • 105
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Initial results of a NASA study of the lift-drag characteristics of a 12.84/7 deg biconic model intended for airbraking during atmospheric entry of probes to Mars, Venus, Saturn, and Titan are reported. Pressure distributions and shock shapes were measured in the Langley 20 in. Mach 6 tunnel with the spherically blunted bent-nose model set at angles from 0-25 deg. Pressure distributions and shock shapes where computed using the STEIN flowfield code, which features a MacCormack scheme to integrate the three-dimensional Euler equations, the Rankine-Hugoniot jump conditions to model shock waves as discontinuities, and requires a supersonic condition at every step. A comparison was made between measured and predicted values. The leeward shock angle was found to be predictable to within 3% for all angles of attack, while parabolized Navier-Stokes equations are regarded as offering more accurate results than the STEIN code for surface pressure distributions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; Aug. 198
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  • 106
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Lomax and Sluder method for adapting slender-wing theory to delta or rectangular wings by making chordwise and compressibility corrections is extended to cover wings of any arbitrary planform in subsonic and supersonic flows. The numerical accuracy of the present work is better than that of the Lomax-Sluder results. Comparison of the results of this work with those of the vortex-lattice method and Kernel function method for a family of Gothic and arrowhead wings shows good agreement. A universal curve is proposed for the evaluation of the lift coefficient of a low aspect ratio wing of an arbitrary planform in subsonic flow. The location of the center of pressure can also be estimated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; Aug. 198
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  • 107
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-30385)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 118; May 1982
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  • 108
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A procedure for the evaluation of wall interference corrections for three-dimensional aircraft configurations is presented. The Mach number and angle-of-attack corrections are obtained by numerically solving the Laplace equation in a parallelepiped with boundary conditions supplied mainly from experimental pressure measurements. A portion of these measurements and other wind-tunnel data required by the procedure may be replaced by theoretical estimates if not available from experiments. The accuracy of the correction results will then depend on the accuracy of these estimates. The correction procedure is applied to an isolated wing and to a wing-tail configuration in a solid-wall wind tunnel. It is found that neglecting twist and camber corrections for the wing effectively increases the tail angle-of-attack correction. Two different Mach number corrections can be calculated for the wing and tail. However, since only one Mach number correction is allowed for both the wing and the tail, and since the wing surface area is larger than the tail surface area, the final correction tends to be closer to the required wing correction. This is a source of error for the tail results.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 19; June 198
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  • 109
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N81-29092)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; May 1982
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  • 110
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Cross-correlation techniques are used to measure the sound radiated by wing/flap airfoil configurations in the NASA-Ames 40 x 80 ft wind tunnel using a 6.7-m semispan model with three deployed flaps. The dominant source of flap noise is identified as the flap side edges, which exceeds that radiated by the midspan region by more than 10 dB. The turbulent surface eddies at the flap side edge have scales on the order of one-half the flap chord. The installation of flap actuator fairings at the flap side edge reduces the noise radiated from that location by 10 to 15 dB. The cross-correlation technique extracts airframe noise radiated by specific surface locations from the tunnel background noise, even when the noise is 25 dB higher than the measured airframe noise level.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acoustical Society of America; vol. 71
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  • 111
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Computed solutions of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for three-dimensional flows having thin shear layers are analyzed, using topological concepts. Specific examples include the transonic flow over a body of revolution with conical afterbody at moderate angles of incidence to the free stream. Experimental flow-visualization techniques are simulated graphically to visualize the computed flow. Scalar and vector fluid dynamic properties, such as pressure, shear stress, and vorticity on the body surface, are presented as topological maps, and their relationship to one another in terms of orientation and singular points is discussed. The extrapolation from these surface topologies toward the understanding of external flow-field behavior is discussed and demonstrated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 112
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 18, p. 726, Accession no. A78-41866
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 113
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1851, Accession no. A82-27106
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 114
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 19, p. 2971, Accession no. A82-39113
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 115
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 863, Accession no. A83-21011
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 116
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 864, Accession no. A83-21022
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0001-1452)
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  • 117
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 965, Accession no. A82-19777
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 118
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2878, Accession no. A81-39001)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 119
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A computational method is described that includes the effects of static aeroelastic wing deflections in steady transonic aerodynamic calculations. This method, known as the Transonic Aero-elastic Program System (TAPS), interacts a 3D transonic computer code with boundary layer and a linear finite element structural analysis codes to calculate wing pressures and deflections. The nonlinear nature of the transonic flow makes it necessary to couple the aerodynamic and structures codes in an iterative manner. TAPS has been arranged in a modular fashion so that different aerodynamic or structures programs may be used with a minimum of coding changes required. Results obtained using two different aerodynamic codes in TAPS are given, and those results are correlated with experimental data.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 1 (date]; 19 p
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  • 120
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Information on sensitivity analysis in computational aerodynamics is given in outline, graphical, and chart form. The prediction accuracy if the MCAERO program, a perturbation analysis method, is discussed. A procedure for calculating perturbation matrix, baseline wing paneling for perturbation analysis test cases and applications of an inviscid sensitivity matrix are among the topics covered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Recent Experiences in Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization, Part 1; 10 p
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  • 121
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: The evaluation techniques, results and conclusions for the flight flutter testing conducted on a KC-135A airplane configured with and without winglets are discussed. Test results are presented for the critical symmetric and antisymmetric modes for a fuel distribution that consisted of 10,000 pounds in each wing main tank and empty reserve tanks. The results indicated that a lightly damped oscillation was experienced for a winglet configuration of a 0 deg cant and -4 deg incidence. The effects of cant and incidence angle variation on the critical modes are also discussed. Lightly damped oscillations were not encountered for any other winglet cant and incidence angles tested.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Dryden Flight Research Facility KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 171-188
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  • 122
    Publication Date: 2014-09-11
    Description: One of the objectives of the KC-135 Winglet Flight Research and Demonstration Program was to obtain experimental flight test data to verify the theoretical and wind tunnel winglet aerodynamic performance prediction methods. Good agreement between analytic, wind tunnel and flight test performance was obtained when the known differences between the tests and analyses were accounted for. The flight test measured fuel mileage improvements for a 0.78 Mach number was 3.1 percent at 8 x 10(5) pounds W/delta and 5.5 percent at 1.05 x 10(6) pounds W/delta. Correcting the flight measured data for surface pressure differences between wind tunnel and flight resulted in a fuel mileage improvement of 4.4 percent at 8 x 10(5) pounds W/delta and 7.2 percent at 1.05 x 10(6) pounds W/delta. The performance improvement obtained was within the wind tunnel test data obtained from two different wind tunnel models. The buffet boundary data obtained for the baseline configuration was in good agreement with previous established data. Buffet data for the 15 deg cant/-4 deg incidence configuration showed a slight improvement, while the 15 deg cant/-2 deg incidence and 0 deg cant/-4 deg incidence data showed a slight deterioration.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Dryden Flight Research Facility KC-135 Winglet Program Rev.; p 145-170
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  • 123
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 21, p. 3614, Accession no. A81-44900)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 124
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A clarification is presented on recent work concerning the application of unsteady airfoil theory to rotary wings. The application of this theory may be seen as consisting of four steps: (1) the selection of an appropriate unsteady airfoil theory; (2) the resolution of that velocity which is the resultant of aerodynamic and dynamic velocities at a point on the elastic axis into radial, tangential and perpendicular components, and the angular velocity of a blade section about the deformed axis; (3) the expression of lift and pitching moments in terms of the three components; and (4) the derivation of explicit expressions for the components in terms of flight velocity, induced flow, rotor rotational speed, blade motion variables, etc.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 18; July 198
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  • 125
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2012-05-17
    Description: Factors influencing effective program planning for V/STOL wind-tunnel testing are discussed. The planning sequence itself, which includes a short checklist of considerations that could enhance the value of the tests, is also described. Each of the considerations, choice of wind tunnel, type of model installation, model development and test operations is discussed, and examples of appropriate past and current V/STOL test programs are provided. A short survey of the moderate to large subsonic wind tunnels is followed by a review of several model installations, from dimensional to large-scale models of complete aircraft configurations. Model sizing, power simulation, and planning are treated, including three areas in test operations: data acquisition systems, acoustic measurements in wind tunnels, and flow surveying.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AGARD Spec. Course on V(STOL Aerodyn.; 71 p
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  • 126
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is now generally agreed that an external disturbance field, such as an incident acoustic wave, can effectively couple to instabilities of a flow past a trailing edge. One purpose of the present paper is to show that there are situations where a similar coupling can occur at a leading edge. The process is analyzed and the effects of experimentally controllable parameters are assessed. It is important to account for such phenomena when evaluating the effect of external disturbances on transition.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 104; Mar. 198
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  • 127
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A discrete vortex method was used to analyze the separated non-steady flow about a cambered airfoil. The foil flow modelling is based on the thin lifting-surface approach, where the chordwise location of the separation point is assumed to be known from experiments or flow-visualization data. Calculated results provided good agreement when compared with the post-stall aerodynamic data of two airfoils. Those airfoil sections differed in the extent of travel of the separation point with increasing angle of attack. Furthermore, the periodic wake shedding was analyzed and its time-dependent influence on the airfoil was investigated.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics; 102; Jan. 198
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  • 128
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The thin-layer approximation is extended to an axial corner that is formed by the intersection of two perpendicular plates, one of which has an inclination angle with respect to the free stream. A computer code developed by Hung and MacCormack (1978) is modified for the thin-layer approximation, and a case with Mach 5.9 and a wedge angle of 6 deg is computed. In addition, it is shown that it is not necessary to solve the complete Navier-Stokes equations for a three-dimensional high-Reynolds-number corner flow.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 18; Dec. 198
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  • 129
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An overview of the Pathfinder Models Program is presented. The Pathfinder program is a major research and development activity in support of the National Transonic Facility Activation Plan. The program scope, models design approach, and Pathfinder model configurations are presented along with a discussion of major supportive program activities. The anticipated design criteria for NTF models are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: High Reynolds Number Res. - 1980; p 37-52
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  • 130
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The effects of ablated nose shapes on the flowfield solutions are studied, using a time-dependent finite-difference method developed by Kumar, et al. (1979). Solutions are obtained for the laminar flow of a radiating mixture of H-He in chemical equilibrium past a blunt axisymmetric body at zero angle of attack. The freestream conditions correspond to a point on a typical Jovian entry trajectory, and the initial probe shape is a 45-deg half-angle spherically blunted cone. It is found that as nose bluntness increases, the following occur: in the nose region, shock standoff distances and radiative heating rates increase substantially; surface pressure level increases, but convective heating rates decrease.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 18; June 198
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  • 131
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: This paper presents a unified treatment of the effect of lift on peak acceleration during atmospheric entry. Earlier studies were restricted to different regimes because of approximations invoked to solve the same transcendental equation. This paper shows the connection between the earlier studies by employing a general expression for the peak acceleration and obtains solutions to the transcendental equation without invoking the earlier approximations. Results are presented and compared with earlier studies where appropriate.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets; 17; Mar
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  • 132
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Amiet's (1976, 1978) solution to the problem of airfoil trailing edge noise prediction is discussed in light of the results of evanescent wave theory's application to the measured surface pressure behavior near the trailing edge of an airfoil with a turbulent boundary layer. The method employed by Amiet has the advantage of incorporating the effect of finite chord in its solution. The assumed form of the pressure distribution is examined as well as the constant turbulent boundary layer convection assumption, which is found to be unnecessarily restrictive.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Sound and Vibration; 77; Aug. 8
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  • 133
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The design of a high lift system for the NASA advanced LFC airfoil designed by Pfenninger is described. The high lift system consists of both leading and trailing edge flaps. A 3 meter semispan, 1 meter chord wing model using the above airfoil and high lift system is under construction and will be tested in the NASA Langley 4 by 7 meter tunnel. This model will have two separate full span leading edge flaps (0.10c and 0.12c) and one full span trailing edge flap (0.25c). The performance of this high lift system was predicted by the NASA two dimensional viscous multicomponent airfoil program. This program was also used to predict the characteristics of the LFC airfoils developed by the Douglas Aircraft Company and Lockheed-Georgia Aircraft Company.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Laminar Flow Control; p 43-62
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  • 134
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The design and construction of an advanced swept supercritical airfoil for commercial aircraft to be tested in a transonic wind tunnel is described. The swept LFC airfoil was designed for a given thickness ratio and lift coefficient, with emphasis placed on high critical Mach number with shock-free flow. It is compatible with satisfactory low speed and buffeting characteristics and minimizing the suction laminarization. Further emphasis was placed on achieving shock-free flow over a wide range of off-design conditions including trailing edge flap control. The requirements and design of the suction system and modifications to the Langley 8 foot transonic pressure tunnel is briefly described. Contouring of nonporous test section walls for free air simulation and flow quality improvements is included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Laminar Flow Control; p 1-42
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  • 135
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The capability for calculating transonic flows for realistic configurations and conditions is discussed. Various phenomena which were modeled are shown to have the same order of magnitude on the influence of predicted results. It is concluded that CFD can make the following contributions to the task of correlating wind tunnel and flight test data: some effects of geometry differences and aeroelastic distortion can be predicted; tunnel wall effects can be assessed and corrected for; and the effects of model support systems and free stream nonuniformities can be modeled.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind-Tunnel(Flight Correlation, 1981; p 199-215
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  • 136
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A method for combining the cloud detector observation results from the Global Atmospheric Sampling Program (GASP) with Knollenberg probe observations of cloud particle concentration from other programs to derive estimates of the ambient concentration of particles larger than a given size was developed. The method was applied to estimate the probability of encountering particle concentrations which would degrade the performance of laminar flow control (LFC) aircraft. It is concluded that LF loss should occur only about one percent of the time in clear air and that flight within clouds should always result in a significant loss of LF, with 90 percent LF loss occurring about one percent of the time. Preliminary estimates of cloud encounter probability are presented for four airline routes, and conclusions are presented as to the best altitudes for cloud avoidance in extratropical and tropical latitudes.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Laminar Flow Control; p 75-94
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  • 137
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is shown that the mechanisms of forebody drag reduction by means of either a spike or a forward-facing jet are similar, with the maximum achievable drag reduction being of the same order. Because the jet may be a relatively cool gas, however, the forward facing jet has the additional capability of reducing the aerodynamic heating that is so severe at high Mach numbers. By means of the correlation presented, jet ejection parameters may be chosen to achieve maximum permissible forebody drag reduction. The correlation method uses a momentum coefficient that characterizes jet efflux and freestream conditions.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 138
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A complete Newtonian flow theory is presented for unsteady flow past oscillating bodies of revolution of general shape at very high Mach numbers, consideration being given to a centrifugal force correction to the impact pressures. Expressions are obtained for the unsteady pressure and the stability derivatives are presented in closed form. It is stressed that the correction for the centrifugal force, which arises because of the curved trajectories that fluid particles follow along the surface subsequent to their impact, must not be neglected. If the correction is included, the theory is shown to be in excellent agreement with experimental results for relatively sharp cones. Theoretical results are in poor agreement with experimental results in air for bodies having moderate or large-nose bluntness.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 19; Oct. 198
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  • 139
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Opportunities for improving the accuracy and reliability of wall corrections in conventional ventilated test sections are presented. The approach encompasses state-of-the-art technology in transonic computational methods combined with the measurement of tunnel-wall pressures. The objective is to arrive at correction procedures of known, verifiable accuracy that are practical within a production testing environment. It is concluded that: accurate and reliable correction procedures can be developed for cruise-type aerodynamic testing for any wall configuration; passive walls can be optimized for minimal interference for cruise-type aerodynamic testing (tailored slots, variable open area ratio, etc.); monitoring and assessment of noncorrectable interference (buoyancy and curvature in a transonic stream) can be an integral part of a correction procedure; and reasonably good correction procedures can probably be developd for complex flows involving extensive separation and other unpredictable phenomena.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind-Tunnel(Flight Correlation, 1981; p 217-229
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  • 140
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Correlation is defined in three different ways: comparisons of wind tunnel and/or theory with flight results; detailed studies of total vehicle drag from wind tunnel and flight tests; and attempts to understand the fundamental mechanisms of fluid flows associated with aircraft components in specific areas of the flight environment. The F-16E configuration is an outgrowth of studies conducted to produce a refined fighter wing design. Several iterations required to arrive at the combination of wing planform, camber, and twist which gives near optimum lift, drag, and high-angle-of-attack stability. Theoretical analyses were backed up by extensive experimental data to validate the design and are presented
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind-Tunnel(Flight Correlation, 1981; p 159-172
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  • 141
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A conventional flight-test program, which slowly and cautiously approaches more severe flight conditions, was not possible with the Orbiter. On the first flight, the Orbiter entered the atmosphere at Mach 28 and decelerated through the Mach range. (The subsonic portion of flight was also flown by another orbiter vehicle during the Approach and Landing Test Program.) Certification for the first flight was achieved by an extensive wind-tunnel test and analysis program and by restricting the flight maneuvers severely. The initial flights of the orbiter were heavily instrumented for the purpose of obtaining accurate aerodynamic data. Even without maneuvers to excite the system, the first flight provided comparisons between flight and wind-tunnel-derived predicted data in the areas of aerodynamic performance, longitudinal trim, and reaction-control jet interaction. The aerodynamic performance comparisons are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind-Tunnel(Flight Correlation, 1981; p 117-131
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  • 142
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Flow quality is discussed. Incremental comparisons of: (1) the angle of attack, (2) the axial force coefficient, and (3) the base cavity axial force coefficient against the normal force coefficient are presented. Relative blockage determination, relative buoyancy corrections, and boundary layer transition length are discussed. Blockage buoyancy caused by tunnel model wall dynamic interaction is discussed in terms of adaptive walls. The effect of 'transonic turbulence factor' is considered.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Wind-Tunnel(Flight Correlation, 1981; p 47-63
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  • 143
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A recently reported parabolized Navier-Stokes code has been employed to compute the supersonic flowfield about a spinning cone and spinning and nonspinning ogive cylinder and boattailed bodies of revolution at moderate incidence. The computations were performed for flow conditions where extensive measurements for wall pressure, boundary-layer velocity profiles, and Magnus force had been obtained. Comparisons between the computational results and experiment indicate excellent agreement for angles of attack up to 6 deg. At angles greater than 6 deg discrepancies are noted which are tentatively attributed to turbulence modeling errors. The comparisons for Magnus effects show that the code accurately predicts the effects of body shape for the selected models.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; Dec. 198
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  • 144
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 17, p. 3111, Accession no. A80-41562)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 145
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Conventional methods for the calculation of wall interference corrections are based on boundary conditions which require a knowledge of ventilated wall porosity parameters, and which are unsuitable for deformed walls. The method described uses a simple exponential decay of pressure distribution beyond the most upstream and downstream limits in order to evaluate Mach number and incidence corrections given by the method proposed by Papelier et al. (1978). It is found that, while the upstream contribution to incidence correction is significant, the upstream and downstream contributions to Mach number correction are negligible.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft; 19; Dec. 198
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  • 146
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 07, p. 963, Accession no. A82-19212)
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  • 147
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 12, p. 1923, Accession no. A81-29496)
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  • 148
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 07, p. 963, Accession no. A82-19203)
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  • 149
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An exact analytical solution for the velocity field, both interior and exterior, induced by an infinite right-handed helical vortex filament is derived. Due to the way the variables combine in this solution, the paper also shows that it is possible to derive a stream function for this nonaxisymmetric flow. Sample calculations of these expressions are included.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Physics of Fluids; 25; Nov. 198
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  • 150
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: There is a need for methods to predict the unsteady air loads associated with flutter of turbomachinery blading at transonic speeds. The results of such an analysis in which the steady relative flow approaching a cascade of thin airfoils is assumed to be transonic, irrotational, and isentropic is presented. The blades in the cascade are allowed to undergo a small amplitude harmonic oscillation which generates a small unsteady flow superimposed on the existing steady flow. The blades are assumed to oscillate with a prescribed motion of constant amplitude and interblade phase angle. The equations of motion are obtained by linearizing about a uniform flow the inviscid nonheat conducting continuity and momentum equations. The resulting equations are solved by employing the Weiner Hopf technique. The solution yields the unsteady aerodynamic forces acting on the cascade at Mach number equal to 1. Making use of an unsteady transonic similarity law, these results are compared with the results obtained from linear unsteady subsonic and supersonic cascade theories. A parametric study is conducted to find the effects of reduced frequency, solidity, stagger angle, and position of pitching axis on the flutter.
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  • 151
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The paper is concerned with the use of a zonal method for the computation of transonic viscous-inviscid interacting flow about airfoils. The inviscid portion of the flow is treated by using an Euler equation solution method, while an inverse integral compressible turbulent boundary-layer solution method is used for the viscous portion of the flow. The matching of the viscous and inviscid solutions is discussed, and some numerical results as well as comparisons with experimental data are presented.
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  • 152
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A systematic development of implicit approximate-factorization algorithms in delta form for both unsteady and steady viscous flow is presented. The algorithms are cast in conservation-law form and simplified by using a thin-layer approximation to the governing equations. The implementation of implicit surface viscous boundary conditions is discussed in detail, and an example is presented illustrating the advantage of using the implicit boundary conditions. Three-dimensional results from the steady form of the algorithm are presented and compared with experimental data.
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  • 153
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The development of time-dependent numerical simulations of unsteady interactive flows of an aerodynamic nature is reviewed with emphasis on compressible flows at flight Reynolds numbers and noniterative schemes based on Navier-Stokes equations. The importance of writing the equations in strong conservation-law form for a generalized body-oriented coordinate system is pointed out. The discussion covers time and length scales and numerical methods currently in use. Some computed results are presented and compared with experimental data.
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  • 154
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2120, Accession no. A75-33931
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 155
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 800, Accession no. A82-17899
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  • 156
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 797, Accession no. A82-17812
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 157
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An algorithm for generating computational grids about arbitrary three-dimensional bodies is developed. The elliptic partial differential equation (PDE) approach developed by Steger and Sorenson and used in the NASA computer program GRAPE is extended from two to three dimensions. Forcing functions which are found automatically by the algorithm give the user the ability to control mesh cell size and skewness at boundary surfaces. This algorithm, as is typical of PDE grid generators, gives smooth grid lines and spacing in the interior of the grid. The method is applied to a rectilinear wind-tunnel case and to two body shapes in spherical coordinates.
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  • 158
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Swept wings designed for laminar flow control exhibit both centrifugal and crossflow instabilities which produce streamwise vortices that can lead to early transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the presence of Tollmien-Schlichting waves. This paper outlines an iterative algorithm for generation of an orthogonal, curvilinear, coordinate grid following the streamlines of the three-dimensional viscous flow over a swept, concave surface. The governing equations for the metric tensor are derived from the Riemann-Christoffel tensor for an Euclidian geometry. Unit vectors along streamline, normal and binormal directions are determined. The governing equations are not solved directly, but are employed only as compatibility equations. The scale factor for the streamline coordinate is obtained by an iterative integration scheme on a 200 x 100 x 5 grid, while the other two scale factors are determined from definitions. Sample results are obtained which indicate that the compatibility equation error decreases linearly with grid step size. Grids smaller than 200 x 100 x 5 are found to be inadequate to resolve the grid curvature.
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  • 159
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2675, Accession no. A82-35195
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 20; 926-934
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  • 160
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Steinhoff and Jameson (1981) have shown that within a certain range of angle of attack and freestream Mach number, numerical solutions of the full-potential equation for flow past an airfoil are not unique. This study was mainly concerned with showing that the anomaly is inherent to the partial-differential equation governing the flow and not a result of its discrete representation. Steinhoff and Jameson conjectured that the anomaly may have a physical basis. The present investigation has two objectives. Results are to be presented which indicate that the anomaly is due to a breakdown in the potential approximation, rather than a phenomenon associated with the inviscid flowfield. The second objective is to show that the lift coefficient, predicted by the potential equation, is a smooth but multivalued function of the angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 145
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  • 161
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Prandtl (1946) has concluded that for yawed laminar incompressible flows the streamwise flow is independent of the spanwise flow. However, Ashkenas and Riddell (1955) have reported that for turbulent flow the 'independence principle' does not apply to yawed flat plates. On the other hand, it was also found that this principle may be applicable to many turbulent flows. As the sweep angle is increased, a sweep angle is reached which defines the interval over which the 'independence principle' is valid. The results obtained in the present investigation indicate the magnitude of the critical angle for subsonic turbulent flow over a swept rearward-facing step.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1603
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  • 162
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A rapid computation of a sequence of transonic flow solutions has to be performed in many areas of aerodynamic technology. The employment of low-cost vector array processors makes the conduction of such calculations economically feasible. However, for a full utilization of the new hardware, the developed algorithms must take advantage of the special characteristics of the vector array processor. The present investigation has the objective to develop an efficient algorithm for solving transonic flow problems governed by mixed partial differential equations on an array processor.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 21; 1601-160
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  • 163
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 13, p. 2016, Accession no. A82-30157
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 37-43
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  • 164
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The solution of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations for unsteady, interacting flows by finite-difference algorithms is discussed. Specific examples include (1) unsteady transonic flow over a thick biconvex airfoil, (2) determination of buffet boundaries for a transonic lifting airfoil, (3) the simulation of aileron buzz and (4) dynamic stall. Algorithms considered include explicit methods, mixed (or hybrid) methods, and fully implicit methods. Consideration of time scales for computational stability, computational accuracy, and physical accuracy and the use of time-dependent adaptive meshing to realize computational efficiency are also discussed.
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  • 165
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present conference covers topics concerning the measurement and calculation of interactive flows, together with problems posed by subsonic and transonic wings, missiles, and ships. Discussions are presented on the time-dependent finite difference simulation of unsteady interactive flows, Navier-Stokes equation methods, numerical solutions for spatially periodic boundary layers, the application of unsteady laminar tripple deck theory to viscous-inviscid interaction, the coupling of boundary layer and Euler equation solutions, and viscous-inviscid flow interactions. Also discussed are leading and trailing edge flows, three-dimensional wing flows, small disturbance calculations including entropy corrections, an inviscid computational method for tactical missiles, and boundary layer and flow separation characteristics of bodies of revolution at incidence.
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  • 166
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A single-component, computer-operated, three dimensional traversing laser Doppler velocimetry system was designed and constructed for a supersonic wind tunnel. The model was a 10 deg compression corner, providing an example of laminar boundary layer separation. Static pressure data and color schlieren photographs were taken. The Mach number was 2.42 and the Reynolds number was 213,000. The flow was seeded with submicron sized oil droplets. The trend of decreasing upstream influence with increasing Reynolds number was confirmed. Mean velocity profiles provided experimental evidence of reversed flow. Points of separation and reattachment were consistent with those determined by schlieren and pressure scans. The flow was of the laminar type until downstream of reattachment. Individual mean velocity and turbulence profiles, as well as velocity histograms are presented.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Experiments in Fluids (ISSN 0723-4864); 1; 4, 19
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  • 167
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The effects of the elastic deformation of the wind tunnel wall held to a streamline-like shape were simulated numerically. The wall itself is simulated by a finite element model and is allowed to deform under the pressure loading developing in the wind tunnel with an airfoil model present. A modified version of the transonic analysis program, TSFOIL, is then used to determine the resulting flow field with the effects of the deformed wall included, the shape of the wall and the flow field. Once a result from a particular operating condition was obtained, the pressure distribution on the airfoil in the wind tunnel model is compared with solutions generated by TSFOIL in the free air mode.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: A Coop. Program to Stimulate Student Involvement through the MIT Undergraduate Research Opportunity Program; 19 p
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  • 168
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An evaluation of the transonic-wing-analysis computer code TWING is presented. TWING utilizes a fully implicit, approximate-factorization iteration scheme to solve the full-potential equation in conservative form. A numerical elliptic-solver grid-generation scheme is used to generate the required finite-difference mesh. Several wing configurations have been analyzed, and comparisons of computed results have been made with available experimental data. Results indicate that the code is robust, accurate (when significant viscous effects are not present), and efficient. TWING generally produces solutions an order of magnitude faster than other conservative, full-potential codes using successive-line overrelaxation. The present method is applicable to a wide range of isolated wing configurations, including high-aspect-ratio transport wings and low-aspect-ratio, high-sweep, fighter configurations.
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  • 169
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Murman's fully conservative mixed type finite-difference operators are first modified. A special sonic point operator with an iterative damping term is introduced which helps the convergence and does not affect the spatial conservative differences. Reliable calculations with second order supersonic schemes are obtained using two sonic operators, the regular sonic point operator followed by a first order supersonic scheme. Also, shock point operator is shown to be equivalent to fitting a locally normal shock terminating the supersonic region. The potential calculations are then modified to account for the non-isentropic jump conditions using a simple shock fitting procedure based on Prandtl relation. The entropy increase across the shock is calculated in terms of the Mach number upstream of the shock and the effect of the generated vorticity is estimated via Crocco relation. Different examples are calculated and extensions to the full potential equation are discussed.
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  • 170
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Numerical simulations of the time-dependent, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes equations, employing a two-equation turbulence model, are presented and compared with measurements from a series of trailing edge experiments at transonic Mach numbers. The test flows include an asymmetric flow with no separation, an asymmetric flow with a small region of separation and a symmetric flow with a large shock-wave induced separated zone. Comparisons are made for mean surface quantities as well as for mean and fluctuating flow-field quantities. For the trailing-edge flows with little or no separation, the solutions correctly predict all the major features of the flow field. Treatment of the viscous-inviscid interaction was found to be important for predicting these test cases. Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models were found to be adequate for these flows. However, for the shock-wave induced separation case, these turbulence models were inadequate to predict this flow field. Modifications of the turbulence model to correct these deficiencies are discussed.
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  • 171
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Rapid double-pulse holography was employed to obtain detailed, two-dimensional images of the shock forming during simulated flutter in a transonic flowfield. The experiment comprised a linear cascade of airfoils externally oscillated in torsion and viewed tangentially at the shock surface. Three biconvex airfoils were subjected to harmonic pitching motion about the midchord axis at a frequency of 0.53 while immersed in a Mach 0.81 flow. Failure to produce observable shocks led to use of choked flow with a Mach number near one, of which 50 holograms were taken. The images revealed a narrow shock surface with a spanwise variation in the shock properties. The method is concluded to be useful for examining transonic flowfield shocks in the presence of airfoil flutter.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; Aug. 198
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  • 172
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Progress towards successful modelling of unsteady flows past two-dimensional oscillating airfoils is examined. Linearized, thin airfoil theory is reviewed with special regard to the vortex shedding which occurs when either the body or the flow fluctuates. A sinusoidally oscillating flat-plate airfoil is considered in terms of noncirculatory components, including boundary conditions and bound and wake vortices, respectively. Applications of linear theory to vertical airfoil oscillations and to oscillating control surfaces are described, and oscillating airfoils in subsonic and supersonic flows are investigated. Perturbations in linear solutions are explored for the occurrence of second-order effects, and trailing edge and wake effects. The effects of unsteady transonic flows are broken into nearly inviscid and strongly viscous cases, and analyses of dynamic stall and stall flutter are presented.
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  • 173
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Noise emission from very small chord and very large chord airfoils was measured with eleven 0.63 cm microphones placed along a horizontal semicircle (4.57 m radius) that was centered at the leading edge of the test airfoil. The noise signals were analyzed by an automated spectrum analyzer which yielded 1/3-octave band sound pressure level spectra for each microphone, and the data were corrected to remove the effects of atmospheric attenuation and jet noise. It is found that the effect of thickness is large and must be accounted for in any fundamental airfoil noise theory that attempts to describe the noise emitted from real airfoils. Incident mean velocity gradients and compressibility must also be taken into account. The effect of thickness increases with frequency, with thick airfoils being quieter than thin ones.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal; 20; Mar. 198
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  • 174
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31925
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 175
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2343, Accession no. A82-31931
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 176
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2348, Accession no. A82-31974)
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 177
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 15, p. 2347, Accession no. A82-31971
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 178
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 07, p. 965, Accession no. A82-19783
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 179
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 06, p. 796, Accession no. A82-17785
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 180
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2880, Accession no. A81-39057
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0022-4560)
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  • 181
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 20, p. 3457, Accession no. 81-43146
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: (ISSN 0021-8669)
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  • 182
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The behavior of a narrow cross-section wedge wing moving at a high Mach number and subjected to an angle of attack changing exponentially with time is investigated. This type of wedge wing is commonly employed as a lifting surface in hypersonic vehicles. The time history of wall shear, heat transfer, displacement thickness, and viscous induced pressure are determined. Results show that for the same change in angle of attack, the flow attains the final steady state much faster when the change is exponential than when the change is made impulsively. In addition, the unsteady character of the flow is primarily confined to the initial stages of the change in the angle of attack.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Acta Mechanica; 47; 1-2,; 1983
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  • 183
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 08, p. 1181, Accession no. A82-22096)
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  • 184
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously announced in STAR as N82-10011)
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  • 185
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 22, p. 3806, Accession no. A81-45890)
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  • 186
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: (Previously cited in issue 16, p. 2685, Accession no. A81-37539)
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  • 187
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Three nonlinear flow concepts for the design of supersonic wings are reviewed. The specific concepts are: leading-edge thrust, supercritical crossflow, and leading-edge vortex flow. The major results of the experimental-theoretical studies supporting the development of these concepts are presented and discussed. Also, supporting aerodynamic prediction methods are described and example applications are given. Recommendations for further development of each concept are made.
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  • 188
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The WBPPW code has the capability of analyzing flow-field effects about configurations which include wing pylons and engine nacelles or pods in addition to the basic wing/fuselage combination. Using the concept of grid embedding, the code solves the extended small disturbance transonic flow equation for complex flow interactions of the various configuration components. A general description of the code and solution algorithm is included. Results are presented and compared with experiment for various configurations which encompass the code capabilities. These include wing planform and wing contour modifications and variations in nacelle position beneath a high-aspect-ratio wing. Results are analyzed in the light of preliminary design, where the capability to accurately compute flow-field effects resulting from various configuration perturbations is important. The comparisons show that the computational results are sensitive to subtle design modifications and that the code could be used as an effective guide during the design process for transport configurations.
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  • 189
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Johnson et al. (1982) have provided a detailed comparison between a thoroughly documented transonic flow with shock-induced separations and solutions of the flow using the Navier-Stokes equations. According to this comparison, there were several deficiencies in the computations. The present investigation takes into account new experimental data which have been obtained in a larger wind tunnel with the same test model for a wider range of freestream Mach numbers. The results of new Navier-Stokes computations using more compatible boundary conditions are shown, and the effects of the turbulence model choice on predicting Mach number trends are assessed.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1001-100
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  • 190
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The method of complex characteristics and hodograph transformation for the design of shockless airfoils was extended to design supercritical cascades with high solidities and large inlet angles. This capability was achieved by introducing a conformal mapping of the hodograph domain onto an ellipse and expanding the solution in terms of Tchebycheff polynomials. A computer code was developed based on this idea. A number of airfoils designed with the code are presented. Various supercritical and subcritical compressor, turbine and propeller sections are shown. The lag-entrainment method for the calculation of a turbulent boundary layer was incorporated to the inviscid design code. The results of this calculation are shown for the airfoils described. The elliptic conformal transformation developed to map the hodograph domain onto an ellipse can be used to generate a conformal grid in the physical domain of a cascade of airfoils with open trailing edges with a single transformation. A grid generated with this transformation is shown for the Korn airfoil. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24474
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 950-956
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  • 191
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 584, Accession no. A83-16633
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 871
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  • 192
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 17, p. 2456, Accession no. A83-38677
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 484-490
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  • 193
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: This paper describes how wall-induced velocities near a model in a two-dimensional wind tunnel can be estimated from upwash distributions measured along two contours surrounding a model. The method is applicable to flows that can be represented by linear theory. It was derived by applying the Schwarz Integral Formula separately to the two contours and by exploiting the free-air relationship between upwashes along the contours. Advantages of the method are that only one flow quantity need by measured and no representation of the model is required. A weakness of the method is that it assumes streamwise interference velocity vanishes far upstream of the model. This method was applied to a simple theoretical model of flow in a solid-wall wind tunnel. The theoretical interference velocities and the velocities computed using the method were in excellent agreement. The method was then used to analyze experimental data acquired during adaptive-wall experiments at Ames Research Center. This analysis confirmed that the wall adjustments reduced wall-induced velocities near the model.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Aircraft (ISSN 0021-8669); 21; 414-419
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  • 194
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 05, p. 580, Accession no. A83-16553
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 365-371
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  • 195
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 2; p 383-406
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  • 196
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    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, Theoretical Aerodynamics Contractors' Workshop, Volume 1; p 337-34
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  • 197
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A numerically simulated buried-wire separation gage is investigated with emphasis on its effect on the separation bubble. The conjugated problem of a supersonic, time-dependent, two-dimensional flowfield above a conductive solid wall with an embedded heat source is solved using implicit finite difference algorithms. Steady-state and transient cases were computed for different locations of the heat source within the bubble. Results show that by using a steady heat source, the flow direction near the wall can be detected, without distorting the flowfield, only if the source is located in regions where the bubble is thick (i.e., not too close to the separation). The flow direction near separation can be detected by using a temperature pulse at the solid/fluid interface with insignificant distortion of the flowfield.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 22; 1539-154
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  • 198
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Basic theories of rotor aerodynamics are presented and applied to the performance prediction of helicopters. The very simple physicomathematical model of the rotor offered by momentum theory is addressed first, followed by the combined blade-element and momentum theory. Vortex theory is discussed, and a rotor blade is modeled by means of a vortex filament or vorticity surface. Considerations of airfoil sections suitable for rotors are examined. Detailed performance techniques for a single-rotor helicopter in hover, vertical ascent, and forward flight are described, and winged and tandem-rotor helicopter performance calculations are presented as extensions and modifications of single-rotor methodology. Computer data based on the vortex theory are compared with approximate results obtained from the simplified momentum theory and the blade element solution.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
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  • 199
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is shown that the vortex sheet in a slot between two semi-infinite plates does not admit incompressible resonant perturbations. The semi-infinite vortex sheet entering a duct does admit incompressible resonance. These results indicate that the vortex-sheet approximation is less useful for impinging shear flows than for non-impinging flows. They also suggest an important role of downstream vortical disturbances in resonant flows. The general solution for perturbations to flow with a vortex sheet and edges is written in terms of a Cauchy integral. Requirements on the behavior of this solution at edges and at downstream infinity fix the criteria for resonance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 145; 275-285
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  • 200
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: This paper analyses the coupling between an imposed disturbance and an instability wave that propagates downstream on a shear layer which emanates from a separation point on a smooth surface. Since the wavelengths of the most-amplified instability waves will generally be small compared with the streamwise body dimensions, the analysis is restricted to this 'high-frequency' limit and the solution is obtained by using matched asymptotic expansions. An 'inner' solution, valid near the separation point, is matched onto an outer solution, which represents an instability wave on a slowly diverging mean flow. The analysis relates the amplitude of this instability to that of the imposed disturbance.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (ISSN 0022-1120); 145; 71-94
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