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  • Organic Chemistry  (714)
  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION  (634)
  • 1980-1984  (1,348)
  • 1981  (1,348)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1980-1984  (1,348)
Year
  • 101
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    North Wind 4kW passive control system design (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An overview of a mechanical rotor control design is presented. Operation at constant RPM and rapid response are obtained by using blade pitch moments for both sensing control need and blade pitch actuation. The basic concept, static or equilibrium design, and dynamic analysis are briefly presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 265-270
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  • 102
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    SWECS tower dynamics analysis methods and results (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Several different tower dynamics analysis methods and computer codes were used to determine the natural frequencies and mode shapes of both guyed and freestanding wind turbine towers. These analysis methods are described and the results for two types of towers, a guyed tower and a freestanding tower, are shown. The advantages and disadvantages in the use of and the accuracy of each method are also described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 245-253
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  • 103
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    Double-multiple streamtube model for Darrieus in turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An analytical model is proposed for calculating the rotor performance and aerodynamic blade forces for Darrieus wind turbines with curved blades. The method of analysis uses a multiple-streamtube model, divided into two parts: one modeling the upstream half-cycle of the rotor and the other, the downstream half-cycle. The upwind and downwind components of the induced velocities at each level of the rotor were obtained using the principle of two actuator disks in tandem. Variation of the induced velocities in the two parts of the rotor produces larger forces in the upstream zone and smaller forces in the downstream zone. Comparisons of the overall rotor performance with previous methods and field test data show the important improvement obtained with the present model. The calculations were made using the computer code CARDAA developed at IREQ. The double-multiple streamtube model presented has two major advantages: it requires a much shorter computer time than the three-dimensional vortex model and is more accurate than multiple-streamtube model in predicting the aerodynamic blade loads.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 19-25
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  • 104
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    Comparison of upwind and downwind rotor operation of the DOE/NASA 100-kW MOD-0 wind turbine (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Tests were conducted on a 38m diameter horizontal axis wind turbine, which had first a rotor downwind of the supporting truss tower and then upwind of the tower. Aside from the placement of the rotor and the direction of rotation of the drive train, the wind turbine was identical for both tests. Three aspects of the test results are compared: rotor blade bending loads, rotor teeter response, and nacelle yaw moments. As a result of the tests, it is shown that while mean flatwise bending moments were unaffected by the placement of the rotor, cyclic flatwise bending tended to increase with wind speed for the downwind rotor while remaining somewhat uniform with wind speed for the upwind rotor, reflecting the effects of increased flow disturbance for downwind rotor. Rotor teeter response was not significantly affected by the rotor location relative to the tower, but appears to reflect reduced teeter stability near rated wind speed for both configurations. Teeter stability appears to return above rated wind speed, however. Nacelle yaw moments are higher for the upwind rotor but do not indicate significant design problems for either configuration.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 225-234
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  • 105
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    Wind energy system time-domain (WEST) analyzers (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A portable analyzer which simulates in real time the complex nonlinear dynamics of horizontal axis wind energy systems was constructed. Math models for an aeroelastic rotor featuring nonlinear aerodynamic and inertial terms were implemented with high speed digital controllers and analog calculation. This model was combined with other math models of elastic supports, control systems, a power train and gimballed rotor kinematics. A stroboscopic display system graphically depicting distributed blade loads, motion, and other aerodynamic functions on a cathode ray tube is included. Limited correlation efforts showed good comparison between the results of this analyzer and other sophisticated digital simulations. The digital simulation results were successfully correlated with test data.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 211-219
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  • 106
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    Wind turbulence inputs for horizontal axis wind turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Wind turbine response characteristics in the presence of atmospheric turbulence was predicted using two major modeling steps. First, the important atmospheric sources for the force excitations felt by the wind turbine system were identified and characterized. Second, a dynamic model was developed which describes how these excitations are transmitted through the structure and power train. The first modeling step, that of quantifying the important excitations due to the atmospheric turbulence was established. The dynamic modeling of the second step was undertaken separately.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 101-112
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  • 107
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    Organic Rankine cycle receiver development (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The selected receiver concept is a direct-heated, once-through, monotube boiler operated at supercritical pressure. The cavity is formed by a cylindrical copper shell and backwall, with stainless steel tubing brazed to the outside surface. This core is surrounded by lightweight refractory insulation, load-bearing struts, and an outer case. The aperture plate is made of copper to provide long life by conduction and reradiation of heat away from the aperture lip. The receiver thermal efficiency is estimated to be 97 percent at rated conditions (energy transferred to toluene divided by energy incident on aperture opening). Development of the core manufacturing and corrosion protection methods is complete.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 75-79
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  • 108
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    The development of an 85-kW (thermal) air Brayton receiver (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results of the program from its inception through December 1980 are presented. The design requirements, concept, and significant analysis upon which the receiver is based are described. The fabrication processes that have been utilized in the construction of the prototype receivers at the test station are summarized. The test and evaluation phase at the Parabolic Dish Test Site are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 57-65
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  • 109
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    Non-heat pipe receiver/p-40 Stirling engine (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technology for a full-up hybrid dish-Stirling Solar Thermal Power system is discussed. Overall solar-to-electric efficiency for the dish-Stirling system demonstration is approximately 30%. Hybrid operation is provided by fossil fuel combustion augmentation, which enables the Stirling engine to operate continuously at constant speed and power, regardless of insolation level, thus providing the capability to operate on cloudy days and at night.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 47-50
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  • 110
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    Steam engine research for solar parabolic dish (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The parabolic dish solar concentrator provides an opportunity to generate high grade energy in a modular system. Most of the capital is projected to be in the dish and its installation. Assurance of a high production demand of a standard dish could lead to dramatic cost reductions. High production volume in turn depends upon maximum application flexibility by providing energy output options, e.g., heat, electricity, chemicals and combinations thereof. Subsets of these options include energy storage and combustion assist. A steam engine design and experimental program is described which investigate the efficiency potential of a small 25 kW compound reheat cycle piston engine. An engine efficiency of 35 percent is estimated for a 700 C steam temperature from the solar receiver.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Proc.; p 17-22
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  • 111
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    Safety testing of lithium cells (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The testing consisted of a forced discharge to zero volts constant current under isothermal conditions. The temperature range was -40 to 65 C. Short circuit tests, drop tests, and puncture tests were run to determine how a cell might behave if it developed a leak. Once the sulfur dioxide is exhausted, a lithium acetontirile reaction occurs. An excess of sulfur dioxide must be maintained in order to avoid chemical explosions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 111-117
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  • 112
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    Li/SO2 cell performance (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The development of a Li/SO2 cell exhibiting intermittent storage capability at 98 C and instantaneous voltage response is discussed. Results of short circuit, cell puncture, and forced discharge testing are presented along with elevated temperature storage and temperature cycling responses.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 73-89
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  • 113
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    Li/SO2 Cell lot to lot variations and some design comparisons (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Data collected from an investigation of Li/SO2 cells are presented. Two different cell designs are discussed: the standard cell, which has very high Li/SO2 ratios (1.5 or 2:1); and the balanced design, where the Li/SO2 ratio is 0.9:1 on an ampere hour basis.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 39-45
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  • 114
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    Li/SO2 Cell for Galileo (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Some information on the special process controls for lithium sulfur dioxide (Li/SO2) batteries is presented with reference to how those controls affected the Galileo probe program and the instrument test vehicle program. The general considerations that go into any application for basically any type of battery system are discussed. Particular emphasis is given to some of the design tradeoffs which resulted because of the addition of the safety characteristics of the Li/SO2 system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 13-22
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  • 115
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    Wind turbine acoustic standards (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A program is being conducted to develop noise standards for wind turbines which minimize annoyance and which can be used to design specifications. The approach consists of presenting wind turbine noise stimuli to test subjects in a laboratory listening chamber. The responses of the subjects are recorded for a range of stimuli which encompass the designs, operating conditions, and ambient noise levels of current and future installations. Results to date have established the threshold of detectability for a range of impulsive stimuli of the type associated with blade/tower wake interactions. The status of the ongoing psychoacoustic tests, the subjective data, and the approach to the development of acoustic criteria/standards are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 431-435
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  • 116
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    The NASA-LeRC wind turbine sound prediction code (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Since regular operation of the DOE/NASA MOD-1 wind turbine began in October 1979 about 10 nearby households have complained of noise from the machine. Development of the NASA-LeRC with turbine sound prediction code began in May 1980 as part of an effort to understand and reduce the noise generated by MOD-1. Tone sound levels predicted with this code are in generally good agreement with measured data taken in the vicinity MOD-1 wind turbine (less than 2 rotor diameters). Comparison in the far field indicates that propagation effects due to terrain and atmospheric conditions may be amplifying the actual sound levels by about 6 dB. Parametric analysis using the code has shown that the predominant contributions to MOD-1 rotor noise are: (1) the velocity deficit in the wake of the support tower; (2) the high rotor speed; and (3) off column operation.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 411-418
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  • 117
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    Prediction of low frequency and impulsive sound radiation from horizontal axis wind turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Theoretical models to predict the radiation of low frequency and impulsive sound from horizontal axis wind turbines due to three sources: (1) steady blade loads; (2) unsteady blade loads due to operation in a ground shear; (3) unsteady loads felt by the blades as they cross the tower wake. These models are then used to predict the acoustic output of MOD-1, the large wind turbine operated near Boone, N.C. Predicted acoustic time signals are compared to those actually measured near MOD-1 and good agreement is obtained.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 401-409
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  • 118
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    GE MOD-1 noise study (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Noise studies of the MOD-1 Wind Turbine Generator are summarized, and a simple mathematical noise is presented which is adequate to correlate the sound levels found near the machine. A simple acoustic measure is suggested for use in evaluating far field sound levels. Use of this measure as input to a currently available sound complaint prediction program is discussed. Results of a recent statistical survey relative to the far field variation of this acoustic measure because of atmospheric effects are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 389-395
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  • 119
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    Measured and calculated characteristics of wind turbine noise (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results of an analytical and experimental investigation of wind turbine noise are presented. Noise calculations indicate that for configurations with the rotor downwind of the support tower, the primary source of noise is the rapid change in rotor loadings which occurs as the rotor passes through the tower wake. Noise measurements are presented for solid and truss type tower models with both upwind and downwind rotors. Upwind rotor configurations are shown to be significantly quieter than downwind configurations. The model data suggest that averaged noise measurements and noise calculations based on averaged tower wake characteristics may not accurately represent the impulsive noise characteristics of downwind rotor configurations.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 355-362
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  • 120
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    Effect of wind turbine generator model and siting on wind power changes out of large WECS arrays (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Methods of reducing the WECS generation change through selection of the wind turbine model for each site, selection of an appropriate siting configuration, and wind array controls are discussed. An analysis of wind generation change from an echelon and a farm for passage of a thunderstorm is presented. Reduction of the wind generation change over ten minutes is shown to reduce the increase in spinning reserve, unloadable generation and load following requirements on unit commitment when significant WECS generation is present and the farm penetration constraint is satisfied. Controls on the blade pitch angle of all wind turbines in an array or a battery control are shown to reduce both the wind generation change out of an array and the effective farm penetration in anticipation of a storm so that the farm penetration constraint may be satisfied.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 343-352
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  • 121
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    Dynamics and stability of wind turbine generators (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Synchronous and induction generators are considered. A comparison is made between wind turbines, steam, and hydro units. The unusual phenomena associated with wind turbines are emphasized. The general control requirements are discussed, as well as various schemes for torsional damping such as speed sensitive stabilizer and blade pitch control. Integration between adjacent wind turbines in a wind farm is also considered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 315-324
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  • 122
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    MOD-0 wind turbine dynamics test correlations (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The behavior of the teetered, downwind, free yaw, MOD-0 wind turbine, as represented by NASA dynamic test data, was used to support confidence in the Hamilton Standard computer code simulations. Trim position, performance at trim, and teeter response as predicted by the computer codes were compared to test results. Using the computer codes, other possible configurations for MOD-0 were investigated. Several new test configurations are recommended for exploring free yaw behavior. It is shown that eliminating rotor tilt and optimizing cooling and blade twist can contribute to good free yaw behavior and stability. The effects of rotor teeter, teeter gravity balance, inflow and other physical and operating parameters were also investigated.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 287-293
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  • 123
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    Dynamics of an experimental two bladed horizontal axis wind turbine with blade cyclic pitch variation (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The turbine under study incorporates the combination of two features: the application of blade cyclic pitch variation; and the use of yaw angle control for rotor speed and torque regulation. Due to its emasculation by passive cyclic pitch variation the rotor can be rapidly yawed without encountering gyroscopic and aerodynamic hub moments and without noticeable out of plane excursions. The two bladed upwind rotor is vane stabilized and of very simple and rugged design. The principle was first checked out with a small scale wind tunnel model and then tested in the atmosphere with a 7.6 meter diameter experimental fully instrumented wind turbine driving a 3 phase alternator. The test results are summarized with respect to structural dynamics and yaw dynamics.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 277-286
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  • 124
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    Guy cable design and damping for vertical axis wind turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Guy cables are frequently used to support vertical axis wind turbines since guying the turbine reduces some of the structural requirements on the tower. The guys must be designed to provide both the required strength and the required stiffness at the top of the turbine. The axial load which the guys apply to the tower, bearings, and foundations is an undesirable consequence of using guys to support the turbine. Limiting the axial load so that it does not significantly affect the cost of the turbine is an important objective of the cable design. The lateral vibrations of the cables is another feature of the cable design which needs to be considered. These aspects of the cable design are discussed, and a technique for damping cable vibrations was mathematically analyzed and demonstrated with experimental data.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 255-264
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  • 125
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    A review of resonance response in large horizontal-axis wind turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Field operation of the Mod-0 and Mod-1 wind turbines is described. Operational experience shows that 1 per rev excitation exists in the drive train, high aerodynamic damping prevents resonance response of the blade flatwise modes, and teetering the hub substantially reduces the chordwise blade response to odd harmonic excitation. These results can be used by designer as a guide to system frequency placement. In addition it is found that present analytical techniques can accurately predict wind turbine natural frequencies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 237-244
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  • 126
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    Whirl flutter analysis of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Whirl flutter and the effect of pitch-flap coupling on teetering motion of a wind turbine were investigated. The equations of motion are derived for an idealized five-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor. The model accounts for the out-of-plane bending motion of each blade, the teetering motion of the rotor, and both the pitching and yawing motions of the rotor support. Results show that the design is free from whirl flutter. Selected results are presented indicating the effect of variations in rotor support damping, rotor support stiffness, and pitch-flap coupling on pitching, yawing, teetering, and blade bending motions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 201-210
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  • 127
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    An approximate method for solution to variable moment of inertia problems (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An approximation method is presented for reducing a nonlinear differential equation (for the 'weather vaning' motion of a wind turbine) to an equivalent constant moment of inertia problem. The integrated average of the moment of inertia is determined. Cycle time was found to be the equivalent cycle time if the rotating speed is 4 times greater than the system's minimum natural frequency.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 173-176
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  • 128
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    Computation of the modes and polar moment of inertial of the blades of an HAWT (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The coupled differential equations of motion of the blades of a horizontal axis wind turbine are solved numerically, permitting the optimization of the design at relatively low cost. The equation of motion is transformed into a set of first order equations and solved with fourth order Runge-Kutta integrators. This technique is applied to a twisted, tapered blade of variable cross section and stiffness including discontinuities. The first six natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. The polar moment of inertia of the blades is obtained as a function of frequency and rotational speed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 177-187
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  • 129
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    Two-dimensional turbulence models (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Two-dimensional turbulence models are compared with experimental measurements made using an array of instrumented towers. The spatial correlation coefficient, the two-point spectrum or cross spectrum, and the coherence function are discussed. The prediction techniques in general agree reasonably well with the experimental results. Measurements of the integral length scale however, do not correlate well with the prediction model.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Lewis Research Center Wind Turbine Dyn.; p 155-161
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  • 130
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    The Alaska experience (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The management responsibilities of the Alaska Department of Natural Resources are summarized and the establishment of a geoprocessor system is described. Specific capabilities were defined based on surveys of potential users and pre-existing systems. The procurement process, the initially purchased equipment, and system upgrading are described. Cost, installation and maintenance, site location, training, and staffing of the system are examined.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Ames Research Center Western Reg. Remote Sensing Conf. Proc., 1981; p 179-185
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  • 131
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    Solar energy water desalination in the United States and Saudi Arabia (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Five solar energy water desalination systems were designed to deliver 6000 cubic m/day of desalted water from either seawater or brackish water. Two systems will be selected for pilot plant construction. The pilot plants will have capacities in the range of 100 to 400 m/day. Goals of the Project Agreement for Cooperation in the Field of Solar Energy, under the auspices of the United States-Saudi Arabian Joint Commission on Economic Cooperation, are to: (1) cooperate in the field of solar energy technology for the mutual benefit of the two countries, including the development and stimulation of solar industries within the two countries; (2) advance the development of solar energy technology in the two countries; and (3) facilitate the transfer between the two countries of technology developed under this agreement.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 275-282
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  • 132
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    Fuels and chemicals from biomass using solar thermal energy (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The significant nearer term opportunities for the application of solar thermal energy to the manufacture of fuels and chemicals from biomass are summarized, with some comments on resource availability, market potential and economics. Consideration is given to the production of furfural from agricultural residues, and the role of furfural and its derivatives as a replacement for petrochemicals in the plastics industry.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 263-267
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    Market assessment overview (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Market assessment, refined with analysis disaggregated from a national level to the regional level and to specific market applications, resulted in more accurate and detailed market estimates. The development of an integrated set of computer simulations, coupled with refined market data, allowed progress in the ability to evaluate the worth of solar thermal parabolic dish systems. In-depth analyses of both electric and thermal market applications of these systems are described. The following market assessment studies were undertaken: (1) regional analysis of the near term market for parabolic dish systems; (2) potential early market estimate for electric applications; (3) potential early market estimate for industrial process heat/cogeneration applications; and (4) selection of thermal and electric application case studies for fiscal year 1981.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 241-246
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  • 134
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    Site participation in the small community experiment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Small Community Solar Thermal Experiment, planned to test a small, developmental solar thermal power plant in a small community application, is assessed. The baseline plan is to install a field of parabolic dishes with distributed generation to provide 1 MWe of experimental power. Participation by the site proposer is an integral element of the experiment; the proposer will provide a ten-acre site, a connection to the electrical distributional system serving the small community, and various services. In addition to the primary participant, site study efforts may be pursued at as many as five alternative sites.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 197-204
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  • 135
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    Solar thermal materials research and development (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Objectives of the Materials Research and Development effort are examined. The behavior and interaction of different materials used in solar thermal technologies are studied so as to create a sound technical base for future system and component designs. Materials are developed to extend the application potential of systems by either making materials more reliable in difficult operating environments or by offering lower cost alternatives to presently used materials. Solar thermal systems designed for electric power, industrial process heat from low to high temperature, and fuels and chemicals applications are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 269-273
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  • 136
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    The JPL isolated application experiment series (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The technical, operational, and economic readiness of parabolic dish power systems for a variety of applications in the power range below 10 MWe are discussed. Power systems are developed and tested to the point where commercialization efforts lead to successful market penetration. A key element in this strategy is the use of experiments to test hardware and assess operational readiness. The Isolated Application Experiments are described and their objectives discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 209-213
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  • 137
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    Advanced development: Fuels (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The solar thermal fuels and chemicals program at Jet Propulsion Laboratory are described. High technology is developed and applied to displace fossil fuel (oil) use in the production/processing of valuable fuels and chemicals. The technical and economic feasibility is demonstrated to extent that enables the industry to participate and commercialize the product. A representative process, namely Furfural production with a bottoming of acetone, butanol and ethanol, is described. Experimental data from all solar production of furfural is discussed. Estimates are given to show the attractiveness of this process, considering its flexibility to be adaptable to dishes, troughs or central receivers. Peat, lignite and low rank coal processing, heavy oil stripping and innovative technologies for process diagnostics and control are mentioned as examples of current projects under intensive development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 257-261
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  • 138
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    Solar thermal parabolic dish energy applications (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Vu-graphs are presented that show that applications are a viable distributed renewable power generation option. Quality energy can be produced in the form of electricity and high temperature heat. Modular systems are described that can be distributed to new or existing plants and that are mass producible with the associated economies of production.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 87-106
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  • 139
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    Heat pipe solar receiver with thermal energy storage (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: An HPSR Stirling engine generator system featuring latent heat thermal energy storge, excellent thermal stability and self regulating, effective thermal transport at low system delta T is described. The system was supported by component technology testing of heat pipes and of thermal storage and energy transport models which define the expected performance of the system. Preliminary and detailed design efforts were completed and manufacturing of HPSR components has begun.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 51-56
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  • 140
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    First phase testing of solar thermal engine at United Stirling (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The objective of the program is to demonstrate that the Stirling engine is a practical efficient and reliable energy converter when integrated with a parabolic dish concentrator, and that it has the potential of being cost competitive with fossil fueled electric generating systems of today. The engine, with its receiver (solar heat exchanger), alternator and control system, is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 37-44
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  • 141
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    Jay Carter Enterprises, Incorporated steam engine (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment (SCSE) selected an organic rankine cycle (ORC) engine driving a high speed permanent magnet alternator (PMA) as the baseline power conversion subsystem (PCS) design. The back-up conceptual PCS design is a steam engine driving an induction alternator delivering power directly to the grid. The development of the automotive reciprocating simple rankine cycle steam engine and how an engine of similar design might be incorporated into the SCSE is discussed. A description of the third generation automotive engine is included along with some preliminary test data. Tests were conducted with the third generation engine driving an induction alternator delivering power directly to the grid. The purpose of these tests is to further verify the effects of expander inlet temperature, input thermal power level, expansion ratio, and other parameters affecting engine performance to aid in the development of an SCSE PCS.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 11-15
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  • 142
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    The SCSE Organic Rankine engine (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The engine is the heart of a Power Conversion Subsystem (PCS) located at the focal point of a sun-tracking parabolic dish concentrator. The ORC engine employs a single-stage axial-flow turbine driving a high speed alternator to produce up to 25 kW electrical output at the focus of each dish. The organic working fluid is toluene, circulating in a closed-loop system at temperatures up to 400 C (750 F). Design parameters, system description, predicted performance and program status are described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 5-9
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  • 143
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    Common pressure vessel development for the nickel hydrogen technology (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The design of a pressure vessel nickel hydrogen cell is described. The cell has the following key features: it eliminates electrolyte bridging; provides for independent electrolyte management for each unit stack; provides for independent oxygen management for each unit stack; has good heat dissipation; has a mechanically sound and practical interconnection; and has the maximum in common with state of the art individual pressure vessel technology.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 419-429
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  • 144
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    Appearance of second plateau voltage (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Batteries used in TIROS N and NOAA A spacecraft were performance tested. Voltage levels are plotted in a series of graphs. Cell packs from four different manufacturers are evaluated for depth of charge.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 305-315
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  • 145
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    Acceptance tests and manufacturer relationships from the 20A h standard cell data (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Seventeen performance tests were used to classify spacecraft batteries in four standard groups established by manufacturers. Tests included capacity delivered values, end of charge voltage values, and internal shorts. Variance ratios are listed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center The 1980 Goddard Space Flight Center Battery Workshop; p 243-255
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  • 146
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    Operating experience with the 200 kW MOD-OA wind turbine generators (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The machine configuration and its advantages and disadvantages, particularly as it affects reliability are discussed. The machine performance, both availability and power output characteristics are described. The Mod-OA operational experience is documented. The characteristics of the wind energy generated, the machine performance, and the subsystem strengths and weaknesses are discussed. An assessment of the project success in fulfilling its goals and objectives is also presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Midwest Res. Inst. Fifth Bien. Wind Energy Conf. and Workshop (WW5); p 107-118
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  • 147
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    Heat engine development for solar thermal power systems (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The parabolic dish solar collector systems for converting sunlight to electrical power through a heat engine will, require a small heat engine of high performance long lifetime to be competitive with conventional power systems. The most promising engine candidates are Stirling, high temperature Brayton, and combined cycle. Engines available in the current market today do not meet these requirements. The development of Stirling and high temperature Brayton for automotive applications was studied which utilizes much of the technology developed in this automotive program for solar power engines. The technical status of the engine candidates is reviewed and the components that may additional development to meet solar thermal system requirements are identified.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: ASME Solar Eng., 1981; p 654-659
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  • 148
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    Manufacturing cost analysis of a parabolic dish concentrator (General Electric design) for solar thermal electric power systems in selected production volumes (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The manufacturing cost of a General Electric 12 meter diameter concentrator was estimated. This parabolic dish concentrator for solar thermal system was costed in annual production volumes of 100 - 1,000 - 5,000 - 10,000 - 50,000 100,000 - 400,000 and 1,000,000 units. Presented for each volume are the costs of direct labor, material, burden, tooling, capital equipment and buildings. Also presented is the direct labor personnel and factory space requirements. All costs are based on early 1981 economics.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-175772 , NAS 1.26:175772
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  • 149
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    Highlights of NASA/DOE photovoltaic market assessment visit to Mexico (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82360
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  • 150
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    Satellite power system: Concept development and evaluation program. Volume 3: Power transmission and reception. Technical summary and assessment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Efforts in the DOE/NASA concept development and evaluation program are discussed for the solar power satellite power transmission and reception system. A technical summary is provided together with a summary of system assessment activities. System options and system definition drivers are described. Major system assessment activities were in support of the reference system definition, solid state system studies, critical technology supporting investigations, and various system and subsystem tradeoffs. These activities are described together with reference system updates and alternative concepts for each of the subsystem areas. Conclusions reached as a result of the numerous analytical and experimental evaluations are presented. Remaining issues for a possible follow-on program are identified.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-RP-1076 , S-507
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  • 151
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    Advanced solar concentrator mass production, operation, and maintenance cost assessment (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The object of this assessment was to estimate the costs of the preliminary design at: production rates of 100 to 1,000,000 concentrators per year; concentrators per aperture diameters of 5, 10, 11, and 15 meters; and various receiver/power conversion package weights. The design of the cellular glass substrate Advanced Solar Concentrator is presented. The concentrator is an 11 meter diameter, two axis tracking, parabolic dish solar concentrator. The reflective surface of this design consists of inner and outer groups of mirror glass/cellular glass gores.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164039 , ACUREX-FR-80-14/AE , DRL-015 , DRO-SE003
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  • 152
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    Investigation of reliability attributes and accelerated stress factors on terrestrial solar cells (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Major effort during this reporting period was devoted to two tasks: improvement of the electrical measurement instrumentation through the design and construction of a microcomputer controlled short interval tester, and better understanding of second quadrant behavior by developing a mathematical model relating cell temperature to electrical characteristics. In addition, some preliminary work is reported on an investigation into color changes observed after stressing.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164012 , JPL-9950-481 , AR-3 , DOE/JPL-954929-81/8
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  • 153
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    Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study (Exhibit D). Volume 4: Operations analyses (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Using a coplanar, end-mounted antenna as a baseline, various configuration trades were performed to select a preferred solid state concept. The increase in efficiency that could be realized by use of multi bandgap solar cells, either with klystron or solid state antenna was evaluated. Satellite configurations were developed to exploit the sandwich antenna concept wherein solar cells are located on one side of the antenna panel and solid state dc/RF converters on the other side. These concepts entailed various primary and secondary reflector arrangements for directing solar energy to the solar cell side of the antenna with higher concentration ratios than used on the coplanar configurations. Operations analysis included development of a satellite construction scenario, a concept for the SCB, a top-level satellite construction operation, construction operation, construction timelines and crew sizes, mass flows to orbit, and a satellite maintenance scenario. The list of materials required for satellite construction was updated to identify significant differences relevant to the solid state satellite concept. Means of decommissioning satellites at the end of their design life were studied.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3395 , SSD-80-0108-4
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  • 154
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    Satellite Power Systems (SPS). LSST systems and integration task for SPS flight test article (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This research activity emphasizes the systems definition and resulting structural requirements for the primary structure of two potential SPS large space structure test articles. These test articles represent potential steps in the SPS research and technology development.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3375 , SSD-80-0102
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  • 155
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    Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study (Exhibit D). Volume 3: Transportation analysis (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Additional analyses and investigations were conducted to further define transportation system concepts that will be needed for the developmental and operational phases of an SPS program. To accomplish these objectives, transportation systems such as the Shuttle and its derivatives were identified; new heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV) concepts, cargo and personnel orbital transfer vehicles (EOTV and POTV), and intraorbit transfer vehicle (IOTV) concepts were evaluated; and, to a limited degree, the program implications of their operations and costs were assessed. The results of these analyses were integrated into other elements of the overall SPS concept definition studies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3394 , SSD-80-0108-3
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  • 156
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    Copper doped polycrystalline silicon solar cell (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fabrication of improved performance photovoltaic cells is described. They are fabricated from polycrystalline silicon containing copper segregated at the grain boundaries.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 157
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    Satellite Power Study (SPS) concept definition study (Exhibit D). Volume 1: Executive summary (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Efforts concentrated on updating of the Rockwell reference concept, definition of new system options, studies of special emphasis topics, further definition of the transportation system, and further program definition. The Rockwell reference satellite concept has a gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell array having flat concentrators with an effective concentration ratio of 1.83at end of life. Alternatives to this concept includes solid state power amplifiers or magnetrons for dc/RF conversion and multibandgap solar cells for solar to dc energy conversion. Two solid state concepts were studied. It was determined that the magnetron approach was the lowest mass and cost system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3392 , SSD-80-0108-1
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  • 158
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    Solar power satellite system sizing tradeoffs (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Technical and economic tradeoffs of smaller solar power satellite systems configured with larger antennas, reduced output power, and smaller rectennas, are considered. The differential costs in electricity for seven antenna/rectenna configurations operating at 2.45 GHz and five satellite systems operating at 5.8 GHz are calculated. Two 2.45 GHz configurations dependent upon the ionospheric power density limit are chosen as examples. If the ionospheric limit could be increased to 54 mW sq/cm from the present 23 mW sq/cm level, a 1.53 km antenna satellite operating at 2.45 GHz would provide 5.05 GW of output power from a 6.8 km diameter rectenna. This system gives a 54 percent reduction in rectenna area relative to the reference solar power satellite system at a modest 17 percent increase in electricity costs. At 5.8 GHz, an 0.75 km antenna providing 2.72 GW of power from a 5.8 km diameter rectenna is selected for analysis. This configuration would have a 67 percent reduction in rectenna area at a 36 percent increase in electricity costs. Ionospheric, atmospheric, and thermal limitations are discussed. Antenna patterns for three configurations to show the relative main beam and sidelobe characteristics are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TP-1804 , S-505
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  • 159
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    Satellite Power System (SPS) magnetron tube assessment study (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The data base was extended with respect to the magnetron directional amplifier and its operating parameters that are pertinent to its application in the solar power satellite. On the basis of the resulting extended data base the design of a magnetron was outlined that would meet the requirements of the SPS application and a technology program was designed that would result in its development. The proposed magnetron design for the SPS is a close scale of the microwave oven magnetron, and resembles it closely physically and electrically.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3383 , M-331
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  • 160
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    The development and utilization of solar photovoltaic cells: An assessment of the potential for a new energy technology (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Government set the goal of accelerating the adaptation of photovoltaics by reducing system costs to a competitive level and overcoming the technical, institutional, legal, environmental, and social barriers impeding the diffusion of photovoltaic technology. The technology of silicon solar arrays was examined and the status of development efforts are reviewed. The political, legal, economic, social, and environmental issues are discussed, and several methods for selecting development projects are described. A number of market forecasting techniques, including time trend, judgemental, and econometric methods, were reviewed, and the results of these models are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-58229
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  • 161
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    Report of an exploratory study: Safety and liability considerations for photovoltaic modules/panels (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An overview of legal issues as they apply to design, manufacture and use of photovoltaic module/array devices is provided and a methodology is suggested for use of the design stage of these products to minimize or eliminate perceived hazards. Questions are posed to stimulate consideration of this area.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-163942 , JPL-9950-490 , DOE/JPL-955846-81/1
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  • 162
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    Low cost solar array project silicon materials task. Development of a process for high capacity arc heater production of silicon for solar arrays (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The experimental verification system for the production of silicon via the arc heater-sodium reduction of SiCl4 was designed, fabricated, installed, and operated. Each of the attendant subsystems was checked out and operated to insure performance requirements. These subsystems included: the arc heaters/reactor, cooling water system, gas system, power system, Control & Instrumentation system, Na injection system, SiCl4 injection system, effluent disposal system and gas burnoff system. Prior to introducing the reactants (Na and SiCl4) to the arc heater/reactor, a series of gas only-power tests was conducted to establish the operating parameters of the three arc heaters of the system. Following the successful completion of the gas only-power tests and the readiness tests of the sodium and SiCl4 injection systems, a shakedown test of the complete experimental verification system was conducted.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-163943 , JPL-9950491 , DOE/JPL-954589-80/9
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  • 163
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    Radiatively coupled thermionic power system concept (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: It is shown that thermionic converters at moderate emitter temperatures of about 1600 K can be designed for a radiatively coupled 100 kWe device. A nuclear reactor is a primary heat source, with heat pipes extracting heat from the reactor and distributing it over a large surface opposite an array of thermionic energy converters. The radiative heat transfer across the vacuum gap heats up the thermionic emitters, and excess heat from the converters is radiated from the collector electrodes to the vacuum of space; the heat transfer is controlled by the energy density to be transferred, and by the temperature differential between the heat source and the heat receiver. It is concluded that this system achieves isolation of power converter modules from the heat source, elimination of additional radiators, and reduction of converter dimensions.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Energy; 5; Jan
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  • 164
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    Solar Power Satellite antenna phase control system hardware simulation, phase 4: Volume 1: Executive summary (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The phase control system is described. Potential sources of phase error are identified and the performance leading to selection of the allowable phase error for each source is summarized. The pilot transmitter, the effects of ionospheric, the master slave returnable timing system (MSRTS), the SPS receiver, and the high power amplifier for dc to microwave conversion are considered separately. Design parameters of the pilot transmitter and spacetenna transponder are presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-167393 , TR-0381-1280-VOL-1
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  • 165
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    Solar Power Satellite antenna phase control system hardware simulation, phase 4. Volume 2: Analytical simulation of SPS system performance (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The pilot signal parameter optimization and power transponder analyses are presented. The SPS antenna phase control system is modeled and the hardware simulation study described. Ionospheric and system phase error effects and the effects of high power amplifier phase and amplitude jitters are considered. Parameter optimization of the spread spectrum receiver, consisting of the carrier tracking loop and the code tracking loop, is described.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-167394 , TR-0381-1280-VOL-2
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  • 166
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    Indoor test for the thermal performance evaluation of the DEC 8A large manifold sunmaster evacuated tube (liquid) solar collector (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Sunmaster DEC 8A Large Manifold solar collector using simulated conditions was evaluated. The collector provided 17.17 square feet of gross collector area. Test conditions, test requirements, an analysis of results, and tables of test data are reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-161845 , WYLE-TR-531-49
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  • 167
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    Satellite power system concept development and evaluation program. Volume 2: System definition (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The system level results of the system definition studies performed by NASA as a part of the Department of Energy/NASA satellite power system concept development and evaluation program are summarized. System requirements and guidelines are discussed as well as the major elements that comprise the reference system and its design options. Alternative system approaches including different system sizes, solid state amplifier (microwave) concepts, and laser power transmission system cost summaries are reviewed. An overview of the system analysis and planning efforts is included. The overall study led to the conclusion that the reference satellite power system concept is a feasible baseload source of electrical power and, within the assumed guidelines, the minimum cost per kilowatt is achieved at the maximum output of 5 gigawatts to the utility grid. Major unresolved technical issues include maximum allowable microwave power density in the ionosphere and performance/mass characteristics of laser power transmission systems.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-58236 , JSC-17300
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  • 168
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    Catalytic combustion with incompletely vaporized residual fuel (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Catalytic combustion of fuel lean mixtures of incompletely vaporized residual fuel and air was investigated. The 7.6 cm diameter, graded cell reactor was constructed from zirconia spinel substrate and catalyzed with a noble metal catalyst. Streams of luminous particles exited the rector as a result of fuel deposition and carbonization on the substrate. Similar results were obtained with blends of No. 6 and No. 2 oil. Blends of shale residual oil and No. 2 oil resulted in stable operation. In shale oil blends the combustor performance degraded with a reduced degree of fuel vaporization. In tests performed with No. 2 oil a similar effect was observed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-165161 , DOE/NASA/0152-1 , OTRC-R81-914/24-18
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  • 169
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    Sonic simulation of the SPS power beam (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A Satellite Power System Microwave Transmission Simulator is described. The simulator generates and transmits a beam audible sound energy which is mathematically similar to the microwave beam which would transmit energy to Earth from a Solar Power Satellite. This allows areas such as power beam formation to be studied in a laboratory environment.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-161049
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  • 170
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    Parametric study of thermal storage containing rocks or fluid filled cans for solar heating and cooling, phase 2 (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The test data and an analysis of the heat transfer characteristics of a solar thermal energy storage bed utilizing water filled cans and standard bricks as energy storage medium are presented. This experimental investigation was initiated to find a usable heat intensive solar thermal storage device other than rock storage and water tank. Four different sizes of soup cans were stacked in a chamber in three different arrangements-vertical, horizontal, and random. Air is used as transfer medium for charging and discharge modes at three different mass flow rates and inlet air temperature respectively. These results are analyzed and compared, which show that a vertical stacking and medium size cans with Length/Diameter (L/D) ratio close to one have better average characteristics of heat transfer and pressure drop.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-161841
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  • 171
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    Conceptual design study of potential early commercial MHD powerplant. Report of task 2 results (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The conceptual design of one of the potential early commercial MHD power plants was studied. The plant employs oxygen enrichment of the combustion air and preheating of this oxygen enriched air to an intermediate temperature of 1200 F attainable with a tubular type recuperative heat exchanger. Conceptual designs of plant componets and equipment with performance, operational characteristics, and costs are reported. Plant economics and overall performance including full and part load operation are reviewed. The projected performance and estimated cost of this early MHD plant are compared to conventional power plants, although it does not offer the same high efficiency and low costs as the mature MHD power plant. Environmental aspects and the methods incorporated in plant design for emission control of sulfur and nitrogen are reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-165235 , DOE/NASA/0051-2
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  • 172
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    General review of the MOSTAS computer code for wind turbines (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The MOSTAS computer code for wind turbine analysis is reviewed, and techniques and methods used in its analyses are described. Impressions of its strengths and weakness, and recommendations for its application, modification, and further development are made. Basic techniques used in wind turbine stability and response analyses for systems with constant and periodic coefficients are reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-165385 , DOE/NASA/3303-1 , ASRL-TR-197-1
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  • 173
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    The 50 AMP-hour nickel cadmium battery manual (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The battery is designed with a minimum battery to cell weight ratio consistent with adequate containment for operating conditions and dynamic environments and minimized weight. The battery is fully qualified and the environments to which it was successfully subjected were selected by NASA Goddard to cover a wide range of probable uses. The battery is suitable for either near-Earth geosynchronous missions, is compatible with passive or active thermal control systems and may be electrically controlled by a variety of changing routines. The initial application of the 50 A.H. Battery is a near-Earth mission aboard the LANDSAT D Satellite.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-166701
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  • 174
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    Solar heating and hot water system installed at James Hurst Elementary School, Portsmouth, Virginia (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Solar heating and a hot water system installed in an elementary school in Portsmouth, Virginia are examined. The building is zoned into four heating/cooling areas. Each area is equipped with an air handling unit that is monitored and controlled by central control and monitoring system. The solar system for the building uses a collector area of 3,630 sq. ft. of flat plate liquid collectors, and a 6,000 gallon storage tank. System descriptions, maintenance reports, detailed component specifications, and design drawings to evaluate this solar system are reported.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-161830
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  • 175
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    Qualification testing of secondary sterilizable silver-zinc cells for use in the Jupiter atmospheric entry probe (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A series of qualification tests were run on the secondary, sterilizable silver oxide - zinc cell developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center to determine if the cell was capable of providing mission power requirements for the Jupiter atmospheric entry probe. The cells were tested for their ability to survive radiation at the levels predicted for the Jovian atmosphere with no loss of performance. Cell performance was evaluated under various temperature and loading conditions, and the cells were tested under various environmental conditions related to launch and to deceleration into the Jovian atmosphere. The cell performed acceptably except under the required loading at low temperatures. The cell was redesigned to improve low-temperature performance and energy density. The modified cells improved performance at all temperatures. Results of testing cells of both the original and modified designs are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82638 , E-893
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  • 176
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    Test results of the Chrysler upgraded automotive gas turbine engine: Initial design (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The upgraded engine as built to the original design was deficient in power and had excessive specific fuel consumption. A high instrumented version of the engine was tested to identify the sources of the engine problems. Analysis of the data shows the major problems to be low compressor and power turbine efficiency and excessive interstage duct losses. In addition, high HC and CO emission were measured at idle, and high NOx emissions at high energy speeds.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-81660 , DOE/NASA/51040-22 , E-676
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  • 177
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    Concepts for design of an energy management system incorporating dispersed storage and generation (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: New forms of generation based on renewable resources must be managed as part of existing power systems in order to be utilized with maximum effectiveness. Many of these generators are by their very nature dispersed or small, so that they will be connected to the distribution part of the power system. This situation poses new questions of control and protection, and the intermittent nature of some of the energy sources poses problems of scheduling and dispatch. Under the assumption that the general objectives of energy management will remain unchanged, the impact of dispersed storage and generation on some of the specific functions of power system control and its hardware are discussed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164700 , JPL-PUB-81-20 , DOE/ET-29372/1
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  • 178
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    Regional characteristics relevant to advanced technology cogeneration development (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: To assist DOE in establishing research and development funding priorities in the area of advanced energy conversion technoloy, researchers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory studied those specific factors within various regions of the country that may influence cogeneration with advanced energy conversion systems. Regional characteristics of advanced technology cogeneration possibilities are discussed, with primary emphasis given to coal derived fuels. Factors considered for the study were regional industry concentration, purchased fuel and electricity prices, environmental constraints, and other data of interest to industrial cogeneration.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164697 , JPL-PUB-81-61
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  • 179
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    Low-cost solar array structure development (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Early studies of flat-plate arrays have projected costs on the order of $50/square meter for installed array support structures. This report describes an optimized low-cost frame-truss structure that is estimated to cost below $25/square meter, including all markups, shipping an installation. The structure utilizes a planar frame made of members formed from light-gauge galvanized steel sheet and is supposed in the field by treated-wood trusses that are partially buried in trenches. The buried trusses use the overburden soil to carry uplift wind loads and thus to obviate reinforced-concrete foundations. Details of the concept, including design rationale, fabrication and assembly experience, structural testing and fabrication drawings are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164716 , JPL-PUB-81-30 , DOE/JPL-1012-53
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  • 180
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    Definitive design of the solar total energy large-scale experiment at Shenandoah, Georgia (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Construction of a Solar Total Energy Large Scale Experiment at Shenandoah, Georgia, is described. The Solar Total Energy System (STES) is designed with capacity to supply electricity and thermal energy to a knitwear plant at the Shenandoah site. The system will provide 400 kilowatts electrical and 3.5 megawatts thermal energy. The STES is a cascaded total energy system configuration. It uses parabolic disch collectors and a steam turbine-generator. The electrical system will be grid connected to the Georgia Power Company system.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: SAND-81-0029A , JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 205-208
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  • 181
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    Development of the small community solar power system (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The status of the Small Community Solar Thermal Power Experiment is presented. Activities on the Phase 2 single/module development effort are presented, together with plans for the Phase 3 1 MWe demonstration plant. A description of the various subsystems and components is given with emphasis on the unmanned microprocessor based plant control subsystem. Latest performance figures are given for the 1 MWe plant, based on 56 power modules, each consisting of a 12m low cost concentrator, a cavity receiver, a Rankine power conversion subsystem and a ground mounted solid-state rectifier. Overall plant efficiency at rated conditions is 15.8 percent. Advanced glass concentrator designs yield 20 percent overall efficiencies.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 191-196
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  • 182
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    Development and testing of the Shenandoah collector (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The test and development of the 7-meter Shenandoah parabolic dish collector incorporating an FEK-244 film reflective surface and cavity receiver are described. Four prototypes tested in the midtemperature Solar System Test Facility indicate, with changes incorporated from these development tests, that the improvements should lead to predicted performance levels in the production collectors.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: SAND-81-0028A , JPL Parabolic Dish Solar Thermal Power Ann. Program Rev. Proc.; p 161-170
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  • 183
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    The SYSGEN user package (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The user documentation of the SYSGEN model and its links with other simulations is described. The SYSGEN is a production costing and reliability model of electric utility systems. Hydroelectric, storage, and time dependent generating units are modeled in addition to conventional generating plants. Input variables, modeling options, output variables, and reports formats are explained. SYSGEN also can be run interactively by using a program called FEPS (Front End Program for SYSGEN). A format for SYSGEN input variables which is designed for use with FEPS is presented.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164706 , JPL-PUB-81-47 , DOE/JPL-1060-47
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  • 184
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    Design data package and operating procedures for MSFC solar simulator test facility (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Design and operational data for the solar simulator test facility are reviewed. The primary goal of the facility is to evaluate the performance capacibility and worst case failure modes of collectors, which utilize either air or liquid transport media. The facility simulates environmental parameters such as solar radiation intensity, solar spectrum, collimation, uniformity, and solar attitude. The facility also simulates wind conditions of velocity and direction, solar system conditions imposed on the collector, collector fluid inlet temperature, and geometric factors of collector tilt and azimuth angles. Testing the simulator provides collector efficiency data, collector time constant, incident angle modifier data, and stagnation temperature values.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-161825 , WYLE-TR-531-48
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  • 185
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    Process development for automated solar cell and module production. Task 4: Automated array assembly (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Progress in the development of automated solar cell and module production is reported. The unimate robot is programmed for the final 35 cell pattern to be used in the fabrication of the deliverable modules. The mechanical construction of the automated lamination station and final assembly station phases are completed and the first operational testing is underway. The final controlling program is written and optimized. The glass reinforced concrete (GRC) panels to be used for testing and deliverables are in production. Test routines are grouped together and defined to produce the final control program.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164682 , DOE/JPL-955699-81/04 , JPL-9950574 , QR-4
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  • 186
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    Performance evaluation of the Solar Building Test Facility (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The general performance of the NASA Solar Building Test Facility (SBTF) and its subsystems and components over a four year operational period is discussed, and data are provided for a typical one year period. The facility consists of a 4645 sq office building modified to accept solar heated water for operation of an absorption air conditioner and a baseboard heating system. An adjoining 1176 sq solar flat plate collector field with a 114 cu tank provides the solar heated water. The solar system provided 57 percent of the energy required for heating and cooling on an annual basis. The average efficiency of the solar collectors was 26 percent over a one year period.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-83127 , L-14595
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  • 187
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    Assessment of a satellite power system and six alternative technologies (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The satellite power system is assessed in comparison to six alternative technologies. The alternatives are: central-station terrestrial photovoltaic systems, conventional coal-fired power plants, coal-gasification/combined-cycle power plants, light water reactor power plants, liquid-metal fast-breeder reactors, and fusion. The comparison is made regarding issues of cost and performance, health and safety, environmental effects, resources, socio-economic factors, and institutional issues. The criteria for selecting the issues and the alternative technologies are given, and the methodology of the comparison is discussed. Brief descriptions of each of the technologies considered are included.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164598 , DOE/ER-0099
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  • 188
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    Tests of an overrunning clutch in a wind turbine (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An overrunning clutch that slipped freely under reverse torque was tested in the drive train of the Mod-0 wind turbine. In low variable wind conditions, the clutch engaged and disengaged smoothly without perturbation or oscillations. The clutch permitted the generator to be connected to the line using a relay instead of an automatic synchronizer. The alternator was connected to the line when the rpm reached 95% of synchronous speed and it motored to synchronous speed in about 0.15 seconds with a momentary power spike of 50 kW. The performance of the clutch was the same with and without the fluid coupling. The ideal power with the clutch was 5 to 7 kW compared to up to 50 kW without the clutch. The overrunning clutch merits consideration in future wind turbine designs as a means of simplifying the control system, increasing energy capture, and increasing the life of blades and electrical switch gear.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82653 , DOE/NASA/20320-32 , E-914
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  • 189
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    Schottky barrier solar cell (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A method of fabricating a Schottky barrier solar cell is described. The cell consists of a thin substrate of low cost material with at least the top surface of the substrate being electrically conductive. A thin layer of heavily doped n-type polycrystalling germanium is deposited on the substrate after a passivation layer is deposited to prevent migration of impurities into the polycrystalline germanium. The polycrystalline germanium is recrystallized to increase the crystal sizes to serve as a base layer on which a thin layer of gallium arsenide is vapor-epitaxilly grown followed by a thermally-grown oxide layer. A metal layer is deposited on the oxide layer and a grid electrode is deposited to be in electrical contact with the top surface of the metal layer.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 190
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    Catalyst surfaces for the chromous/chromic redox couple (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An electricity producing cell of the reduction-oxidation (REDOX) type divided into two compartments by a membrane is disclosed. A ferrous/ferric couple in a chloride solution serves as a cathode fluid to produce a positive electric potential. A chromic/chromous couple in a chloride solution serves as an anode fluid to produce a negative potential. The electrode is an electrically conductive, inert material plated with copper, silver or gold. A thin layer of lead plates onto the copper, silver or gold layer when the cell is being charged, the lead ions being available from lead chloride which has been added to the anode fluid. If the REDOX cell is then discharged, the lead deplates from the negative electrode and the metal coating on the electrode acts as a catalyst to increase current density.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 191
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    Polyvinyl alcohol battery separator containing inert filler (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol battery separator is disclosed. A particulate filler, inert to alkaline electrolyte of an alkaline battery, is incorporated in the separator in an amount of 1-20% by weight, based on the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, and is dispersed throughout the product. Incorporation of the filler enhances performance and increases cycle life of alkaline batteries when compared with batteries containing a similar separator not containing filler. Suitable fillers include titanates, silicates, zirconates, aluminates, wood floor, lignin, and titania. Particle size is not greater than about 50 microns.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 192
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    Examination of silicon solar cells by means of the Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope (SLAM) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Scanning Laser Acoustic Microscope produces images of internal structure in materials. The acoustic microscope is an imaging system based upon acoustic rather than electromagnetic waves. Variations in the elastic propertis are primarily responsible for structure visualized in acoustic micrographs. The instrument used in these investigations is the SONOMICROSCOPE 100 which can be operated at ultrasonic frequencies of from 30 MHz to 500 MHz. The examination of the silicon solar cells was made at 100 MHz. Data are presented in the form of photomicrographs.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164579 , R-117 , JPL-9950-564
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  • 193
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    Solar Thermal Power Systems parabolic dish project (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The status of the Solar Thermal Power Systems Project for FY 1980 is summarized. Included is: a discussion of the project's goals, program structure, and progress in parabolic dish technology. Analyses and test results of concentrators, receivers, and power converters are discussed. Progress toward the objectives of technology feasibility, technology readiness, system feasibility, and system readiness are covered.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82371 , JPL-PUB-81-39 , DOE/JPL-1060-45
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  • 194
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    Characterization, performance, and prediction of a lead-acid battery under simulated electric vehicle driving requirements (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A state-of-the-art 6-V battery module in current use by the electric vehicle industry was tested at the NASA Lewis Research Center to determine its performance characteristics under the SAE J227a driving schedules B, C, and D. The primary objective of the tests was to determine the effects of periods of recuperation and long and short periods of electrical regeneration in improving the performance of the battery module and hence extendng the vehicle range. A secondary objective was to formulate a computer program that would predict the performance of this battery module for the above driving schedules. The results show excellent correlation between the laboratory tests and predicted results. The predicted performance compared with laboratory tests was within +2.4 to -3.7 percent for the D schedule, +0.5 to -7.1 percent for the C schedule, and better than -11.4 percent for the B schedule.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-81771 , DOE/NASA/51044-19 , E-717
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  • 195
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    EBIC and HVTEM studies of RTR silicon ribbon (1981)
    In:  CASI
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The defect structure of RTR ribbon #6-731, run 803 was studied. Prior to laser recrystallization the defect structure consists of closely spaced twin and grain boundaries. Precipitation of impurities occurs after laser recrystallization. The observation of electrically active defects in EBIC was correlated with HVTEM studies. Pairs of electrically active defects in twin boundaries are due to stacking faults connecting the twin boundaries.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164526 , JPL-9950-520 , DOE/JPL-7
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  • 196
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    Survey and documentation of emerging technologies for the Satellite Power System (SPS) (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The genesis of the solar power satellite (SPS) concept is reviewed historically and the original assumptions and guidelines which led to development of the SPS reference system design concept are discussed. Some guidelines are applicable to almost any SPS design, but others can be changed, leading to new and perhaps preferable systems. In order to stimulate new SPS concepts and to facilitate comparative assessment of emerging SPS technologies, one useful approach is to break the overall system into functional parts. The system functions which must be performed by any SPS concept and the interrelations between them are discussed and a systematic framework is presented for assessing the wide variety of system concepts and subsystem technologies which have been proposed. About 80 alternative SPS technologies are reviewed.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164418 , DOE/ER-0097
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 197
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    Autoignition characteristics of no. 2 diesel fuel (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Parametric tests to map the ignition delay characteristics were conducted at pressures of 3, 4, and 5 atm, inlet air temperatures up to 1150 K and fuel air equivalence ratios ranging from 0.2 to 1.0. Ignition delay times in the range of 6 msec to 60 msec at freestream flow velocities ranging from 10 m/sec to 40 m/sec were obtained. The ignition delay times appeared to correlate with the inverse of pressure and the inverse exponent of temperature.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-165315 , DOE/NASA/0066-2 , R81-915281-1
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 198
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    Design, analysis, and test verification of advanced encapsulation system (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Procurement of 4 in x 4 in polycrystalline solar cells were proceeded with some delays. A total of 1200 cells were procured for use in both the verification testing and qualification testing. Additional thermal structural analyses were run and the data are presented. An outline of the verification testing is included with information on test specimen construction.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-164442 , DOE/JPL-955567-81/3 , JPL-9950-547 , DRL-126 , DRD-SE-8
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 199
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    Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study (Exhibit D). Volume 5: Systems engineering/integration research and technology (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Guidelines and ground rules followed in the development of requirements for the SPS are presented. Development planning objectives are specified in each of these areas, and evolutionary SPS program scenarios are described for the various concepts studied during the past one year contract. Program descriptions are presented as planning packages of technical tasks, and schedule phasing. Each package identifies the ground based technology effort that will facilitate SPS definitions, designs, development, and operations.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-3396 , SSD-80-0108-5
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 200
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    Solar energy absorption characteristics and the effects of heat on the optical properties of several coatings (1981)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The solar energy absorption characteristics of several high temperature coatings were determined and effects of heat on these coatings were evaluated. Included in the investigation were an electroplated alloy of black chrome and vanadium, electroplated black chrome, and chemically colored 316 stainless steel. Each of the coatings possessed good selective solar energy absorption properties at laboratory ambient temperature. Measured at a temperature of 700 K (800 F), the emittances of black chrome, black chrome vanadium, and colored stainless steel were 0.11, 0.61, and 0.15, respectively. Black chrome and black chrome vanadium did not degrade optically in the presence of high heat (811 K (1000 F)). Chemically colored stainless steel showed slight optical degradation when exposed to moderately high heat (616 K (650 F)0, but showed more severe degradation at exposure temperatures beyond this level. Each of the coatings showed good corrosion resistance to a salt spray environment.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-82414
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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