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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,049)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING  (828)
  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (3,877)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1981  (3,877)
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  • 2010-2014
  • 1980-1984  (3,877)
  • 1925-1929
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  • 101
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 286-286 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 102
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 286-286 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 103
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 104
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 287-287 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 105
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 287-287 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 106
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 107
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 288-288 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 108
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 109
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 110
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R93 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 111
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R100 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 112
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R105 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 113
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R105 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 114
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R106 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 115
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R106 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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  • 116
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 117
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 296-301 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phase transformations in corrosion layers on iron: Mössbauer spectroscopic studiesThe corrosion of steel surfaces was studied by Mössbauer spectroscopic phase analysis in scattering and transmission geometry.In atmospheres of low corrosivity, long exposure times result mainly in the relatively stable β-phases among the possible iron corrosion products. An increase in corrosivity by addition of hydrochloric acid leads to a pronounced formation of β-FeOOH, whereas the α-phases are absent. The influence of different coatings on the phase composition was also studied. The formation and transformation of the different iron containing phases in rust can be understood in terms of a stability diagram.Furthermore, the effect of so-called “rust transformers” was studied. None of these products showed the desired effect of phase transformations towards the formation of protective compounds such as Fe3O4. In some cases it was found that the rust transformers even caused a destruction of an already existing protective layer.
    Notes: Zur Untersuchung der Korrosion von Stahlblechen wurde die mößbauerspektroskopische Phasenanalyse in Transmissions- und Streugeometrie eingesetzt.Die Korrosion von Stahlblechen führt in einer Atmosphäre von geringer Korrosivität nach langen Expositionszeiten vorwiegend zu den relativ stabilen β-Phasen der möglichen Fe-Korrosionsprodukte. Bei durch HCl-Zusatz erhöhter Korrosivität ergibt sich eine Bevorzugung der Bildung von β-FeOOH und kein Auftreten der α-Phasen. Auch der Einfluß von. Beschichtungen auf die Phasenzusammensetzung wird behandelt. Die Entstehung und Umwandlung der verschiedenen Fe-haltigen Phasen im Rost läßt sich anhand eines Stabilitätsdiagramms verstehen. Auch die Wirkung von sogenannten „Rostumwandlern“ wird betrachtet. Sie führen nicht zu den beabsichtigten, sondern eher zu schädlichen Phasenumwandlungen in den Rostschichten.
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  • 118
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of microstructure and electrode potential upon the velocity of stress corrosion cracks of a pure AlZnMg3-alloy in an 1 M NaCI-solutionThe influence of microstructure and electrode potential upon the stress corrosion crack velocity in a fully aged pure aluminium-zincmagnesium 3-alloy with two step ageing and quench interruption treatments was investigated in airsaturated 1 M sodium chloride solution at 303 K. For this, propagation of the crack tip was observed microphotographically under potentiostatic conditions and under constant load using specimens precracked by fatigue. The crack propagation at the corrosion potential is accelerated by denser matrix-precipitates, narrower precipitate free zone, the presence of great T-grain boundary precipitates and minor sensitivity to intercrystalline corrosion and occurs to judge from the look of the fracture surfaces without considerable metal dissolution. In contrast to the alloy, which shows no intercrystalline corrosion, the crack propagation in the alloy with intercrystalline corrosion is obviously faster above the breakdown potential than at the corrosion potential. The results suggest that the crack propagates essentially mechanically. As mechanisms are discussed a crack growth by anodic dissolution of grain boundary precipitates or of zinc- and magnesium-rich grain boundary regions and mechanical seperation of the intermediate regions and propagation by local hydrogen embrittlement of the crack tip.
    Notes: An einer stufenausgelagerten und teilweise zusätzlich stufenabgeschreckten, vollausgehärteten Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium-Legierung wurde der Einfluß der Mikrostruktur und des Elektrodenpotentials auf die Ausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit von Spannungskorrosionsrissen in luftgesättigter 1 M Natriumchlorid-Lösung bei 303 K untersucht. Dabei wurde die Rißfront an einseitig mit einem Schwingungsanriß versehenen, polarisierten Zugflachproben unter konstanter Last mikrofotografisch verfolgt. Die reine Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium Legierung enthielt (Gew.-%): Zink 4,76; Magnesium 3,00; Verunreinigungen 0,08; Rest Aluminium. Die Rißausbreitungsgeschwindigkeit wurde beim Ruhepotential mit dichteren Matrixausscheidungen, schmälerem ausscheidungsfreiem Saum, dem Auftreten von groben T-Korngrenzenausscheidungen und geringerer Empfindlichkeit gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion schneller. Sie erfolgt nach dem Aussehen der Bruchflächen ohne nennenswerte Metallauflösung. Im Gegensatz zur gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion unempfindlichen Legierung ist das Rißwachstum in der gegenüber interkristalliner Korrosion anfälligen Legierung oberhalb des Durchbruchpotentials deutlich schneller als beim Ruhepotential. Die Ergebnisse legen eine Rißausbreitung, die im wesentlichen mechanisch erfolgt, nahe. Als Mechanismen werden ein Rißwachstum durch anodische Auflösung der Korngrenzenausscheidungen oder zink- und magnesiumreicher Korngrenzenbereiche und mechanische Trennung der dazwischenliegenden Bereiche und eine Rißausbreitung durch lokale Wasserstoffversprödung der Rißspitze diskutiert.
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  • 119
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R104 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 120
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 305-310 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 121
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 310-315 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 122
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 302-305 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anwendung der, „Conversion Electron Mössbauer Spectroscopy“ (C. E. M. S.) auf die Untersuchung der Inhibierung der Korrosion in Kondensatorrohren aus MessingBeschrieben wird der Aufbau eines einfachen Zählers zur Aufnahme des „Conversion Electron Mössbauer-Spektrums“ der inneren Oberfläche eines Rohres. Die Zählvorrichtung wird benutzt zur Untersuchung des Einflusses von Eisen-II-Sulfatzusatz als Inhibitor in Kühlwasser für Kondensatorrohre aus Messing. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse führt these Behandlung zur Bildung einer FeOOH-Schicht auf der inneren Rohroberfläche; die genaue Zusammensetzung der Schicht unterscheidet sich geringfügig je nach den örtlichen Verhältnissen.
    Notes: The construction is described of a simple counter for measuring the conversion electron Mössbauer spectrum of the inside surface of a tube. The counter is used to investigate the effects of adding ferrous sulphate to the cooling water of condensers with brass tubes to inhibit corrosion. It is concluded that the treatment leads to the formation on the inside of the tube of a layer of FeOOH, the exact nature of which depends slightly on the local conditions.
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  • 123
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 315-317 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 318-318 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 318-318 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R107 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R116 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R109 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R108 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R121 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R121 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R121 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R122 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R122 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 324-331 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Case histories on surgical implants and their causesSince the first use of chromium nickel molybdenum steels for implants in the thirties rapid progress has been made in the development of stainless steels. Until today these improvements have scarcely been taken into consideration by material standards for implants.In agreement with the characteristic potentials for localized corrosion a statistical evaluation of failures shows that pitting, crevice corrosion and corrosion fatigue as a result from the latter can easily be avoided by higher contents of chromium and molybdenum. Steels in accordance with these requirements are specified in all standards and would solely from the economic point of view justify their use.
    Notes: Seit dem erstmaligen Einsatz von Chrom-Nickel-Molybdän-Stählen für Implantate in den 30er Jahren, hat die Entwicklung der chemisch beständigen Stähle große Fortschritte gemacht, die in den Werkstoffnormen für Implantate bis heute kaum einen Niederschlag gefunden haben.Eine statistische Auswertung von Schadensfällen läßt in Übereinstimmung mit der Lage der charakteristischen Potentiale erkennen, daß Lochfraß, Spaltkorrosion und die dadurch verursachten Korrosionsdauerbrüche durch höhere Chrom- und Molybdängehalte leicht vermieden werden können. Stähle, die diesen Anforderungen gerecht werden, sind in allen Normen enthalten und würden allein vom wirtschaftlichen Standpunkt ihren Einsatz rechtfertigen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 319-323 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Einfluß der anodischen Oxidation mit niedrigem Potential auf den Korrosionswiderstand der Hafnium-Zirkonium-Legierung in konzentrierter SchwefelsäureIm Zusammenhang mit der zunehmenden Verwendung von Zirkonium in der chemischen Industrie wurde der Einfluß von anodischer Oxidation mit niedrigen Potentialen auf den Korrosionswiderstand von Zirkonium untersucht. Experimente in konzentrierter Schwefelsäure wurden durchgeführt unter Benutzung von elektrochemischen Methoden. Ein Übergangsbereich von Potentialen zwischen -65 und -50 mV/gKE war zu beobachten. Zu beiden Seiten dieses Übergangsbereiches weist eine mit einem passiven Film überzogene Hafnium-Zirkonium-Legierung einen unterschiedlichen Korrosionswiderstand auf. Eine Änderung dieses passiven Films, die durch eine nukleare Mikroanalyse erkennbar wurde, kann eine Veränderung des elektrochemischen Verhaltens erklären.
    Notes: In the context of increasing applications of zirconium in the chemical processing industry the influence of anodic oxidation at low potentials on the corrosion resistance of zirconium has been studied. Experiments were performed in concentrated sulphuric acid media, using electrochemical methods. A transition range of potentials between -65 and -50 mV/SCE has been observed. On each side of this transition range hafnided zirconium covered with passive film exhibits different corrosion resistance. Alteration of the passive film, which can be assumed from nuclear microanalysis experiments, has been hypothesized to take account for the modification of the electrochemical behaviour.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 338-339 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Transformations in refractory powders during plasma sprayingResults are shown to illustrate the transformations found in powders on the basis of NiCrBSi, A12O3-TiO2 and Mo after passage through a plasma arc at temperatures of 16 000 and 20 000 K. The structure of Ni3B and Al2O3 is followed during the passage. On the basis of the results obtained plasma arc temperatures suitable for spraying the above powders are recommended.
    Notes: Es werden Ergebnisse des Durchgangs von Pulvern auf der Basis von NiCrBSi, A12O3-TiO2 und Mo durch den Plasmabogen bei Temperaturen von 16000 K und 20000 K angeführt. Weiter wird der Gefügeaufbau von Ni3B und Al2O3 beim Durchgang verfolgt. Plasmabogentemperaturen zum Spritzen von Pulvern der erwähnten Basen werden empfohlen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 332-337 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der interkristallinen Korrosion von Alloy 800 mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen potentiokinetischen ReaktivierungsmethodeDie elektrochemische potentiokinetische Reaktivierungsmethode wurde benutzt, um das Ausmaß der interkristallinen Korrosion von Alloy 800 (unterschiedliche Gehalte an Ti+Al, Wärmebehandlung bei 500-650°C, Wärmebehandlungsdauer bis 500 Stunden) quantitativ zu ermitteln. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den klassischen Rollason Kurven verglichen, die mit dem Strauß-Test ermittelt wurden; dabei ergab sich befriedigende Übereinstimmung.Um die geringfügigen Unterschiede zwischen den nach beiden Methoden erhaltenen Ergebnissen zu erklären, wird die Morphologie des Passivierungsfilms herangezogen.
    Notes: The “Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation” method has been employed to quantify the degree of intergranular corrosion of Alloy 800, with different Ti + Al content, aged in the range 500-650°C for times up to 5000 hours. The results were compared with the classical Rollason's curves obtained by means of the Strauss' test and a satisfactory agreement was found.An explanation of the slight differences between both methods has been proposed on the basis of the passivity film morphology.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 340-342 
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    Notes: The cause for discolouration of AlMgSi extruded sections
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 342-348 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 349-355 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 356-369 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 369-369 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 371-376 
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    Description / Table of Contents: A martensitic stainless steel with high strength and impact properties for chemical and mechanical engineering purposesWithin the last few years the low carbon martensitic stainless steel X4CrNiMo 165, WNr. 1.4418, is increasingly used due to it's excellent technological properties. The steel can he offered with tensile strength up to 850 N/mm2 and yield strength up to 1000 N/mm2 together with superior impact properties at room temperature and sub-zero-temperature. So this steel has special significance concerning chemical engineering, where corrosion resistance as well as high tensile and impact values are demanded.There is no selective corrosion attack in boiling sulfuric acid (Strauß-Test), if the material is quenched and tempered correctly.Welding operations may be done without preheating the material.
    Notes: Der martensitisch vergütbare Werkstoff X 4 CrNiMo 165, WNr. 1.4418, findet als nichtrostender walz- und schmiedbarer Stahl aufgrund seiner ausgezeichneten Festigkeits- und Zähigkeitseigenschaften zunehmend Anwendung in mechanisch hochbeanspruchten Teilen des chemischen Apparatebaus und Maschinenbaus. Der Stahl ist bis zu Wanddicken von über 250 mm gleichmäßig durchvergütend. Bei 0,2%-Dehngrenzen über etwa 800 N/mm2, Zugfestigkeiten von etwa 1000 N/mm2 weist er Kerbschlagarbeitswerte über 60 J (DVM) bei Raumtemperatur auf. Darüberhinaus weist er hohe Kaltzähigkeit bis -400°C auf.Nach sachgemäßer Vergütungsbehandlung ist er beständig gegen selektiven Angriff im Strauß-Test nach DIN 50914.Er besitzt gute Schweißeignung.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 377-381 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Ellipsometric investigations into the influence of low molecular saturated monocarbon acids on steel in air with high relative humidityThe influence of formic and acetic acid in moist air on the corrosion of unalloyed steel (St 38 u 2) was studied with ellipsometric measurements. It was found that formic acid by low partial pressures pf inhibited the corrosion as the result of adsorption on steel surface. On the other hand by pf 〉 2,67 Pa and the relative humidity (RL) = 100% it was observed the formation of solid layer consist of corrosion products and formiate. Acetic acid favoured by low partial pressures in moist air the passivation of steel by means of oxygen in case the relative humidity (RL) 〈 80%. By (RL) ≥ 80% acetic acid is a stimulator of corrosion. Final the action mechanisms which at the time dominated by the different experimental conditions are discussed and conclusions about the effect of emission products from pine on the corrosion of steel in moist air are deduced.
    Notes: Durch ellipsometrische Messungen wurde der Einfluß von Ameisen- und Essigsäure in Feuchtluft auf die Korrosion von unlegiertem Stahl (St 38 u 2) bei 298 K untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß Ameisensäure bei niedrigen Partialdrucken pf die Korrosion durch Adsorption an der Stahloberfläche inhibiert. Dagegen wurde bei pf 〉 2,67 Pa und einer relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit (RL) = 100% die Bildung einer festen Schicht aus Korrosionsprodukten und Formiat beobachtet. Essigsäure fördert bei niedrigen Partialdrucken in Feuchtluft mit (RL) 〈 80% die Passivierbarkeit des Stahls durch Sauerstoff. Bei (RL) ≥ 80% wirkt sie als Stimulator der Korrosion. Abschließend werden die bei den verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen jeweils dominierenden Wirkmechanismen diskutiert und Schlußfolgerungen über den Effekt der Emissionsprodukte aus Hölzern auf die Korrosion von Stahl in Feuchtluft abgeleitet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 389-390 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Notes: Bericht erstellt für die Arbeitsgruppe „Grundlagen und Anwendung physikalisch-chemischer Korrosionsprüfmethoden“ der Europäischen Föderation Korrosion
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 382-388 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Probleme der Wirkung und der Ausbreitung von Sulfatnestern in Korrosionsproduktschichten auf StahlBei der Bildung und Ausbreitung von Sulfatnestern in den Korrosionsprodukten, die bei der atmosphärischen Korrosion von Stahl entstehen, spielt der osmotische Druck in diesen Nestern eine große Rolle. Ebenso wichtig ist die Zusammensetzung der über den Nestern liegenden FeOOH-haltigen Schicht, die dann auch bei zunehmendem osmotischem Druck in dem Nest nicht aufreißt. Dadurch wird die Beständigkeit des Stahls gegen atmosphärische Korrosion erhöht. Diese Verhältnisse spielen besonders bei periodischer Befeuchtung eine Rolle. Durch diesen Mechanismus läßt sich auch die Wirkung von Silicium erklären, das ebenfalls in amorpher Form in die Korrosionsprodukte eingebaut wird und die Elastizität der Membran verbessert.
    Notes: The formation and propagation of sulphate nests in the corrosion products formed during atmospheric corrosion of steel is controlled to a large extend by the osmotic pressure within these nests. The same importance can be attributed to the composition of the FeOOH containing film covering the nests; as the FeOOH content increases the elasticity of the film is increased, too, so that the membrane is able to remain intact, i.e. without cracking even at increasing osmotic pressures in the nest. This behaviour improves the resistance of steel to atmospheric corrosion. These conditions are very important in particular with periodic wetting regimes. This mechanism also explains the effect of silicon which is incorporated in amorphous form in the corrosion products and thus improves the elasticity of the corrosion product membrane.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 390-390 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 390-394 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 394-406 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R153 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R158 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R159 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R160 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 184
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 409-421 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of aqueous and alcoholic-aqueous heat-carriersTo examine the effect of corrosion inhibitors mainly ®Preventol CI-2 in aqueous and aqueous alcoholic heat transfer media gravimetric and electrochemical corrosion tests were carried out with the materials grey cast iron, unalloyed steel, copper, brass, lead-tin-solder, aluminium and aluminium alloys up to a temperature of 90°C.In the presence of the inhibitor Preventol CI-2 uniform layers from 10 to ≫ 50 nm thickness are found on the metal surfaces and the measured massloss (ASTM, EMPA) decreased decidedly. Local corrosion as occurs e.g. by insufficient concentration of inhibitors forming surface layers, was found in none of the cases.The electrochemical examinations confirm the results of the chemical tests and provide indications with regard to the effective mechanisms. The influence of temperature and flow rate on the protective efficiency of the inhibitor can be showed. It is possible to eliminate the risk of galvanic corrosion by contacting copper and aluminium. The cavitation corrosion of grey cast iron is also appreciably reduced.Preventol CI-2 is a broad spectrum inhibitor for aqueous and aqueous alcoholic heat transfer media.
    Notes: Um die Wirkung von Korrosionsinhibitoren, insbesondere von ®Preventol CI-2, in wässerigen und alkoholisch wässerigen Wärmeträgern zu untersuchen, wurden gravimetrische und elektro-chemische Korrosionsprufüngen mit den Werkstoffen Grauguß, unlegierter Stahl, Kupfer, Messing, Blei-Zinn-Lot, Aluminium und Aluminiumlegierungen bis zu 90°C durchgeführt.Auf den Metalloberflächen bilden sich in Gegenwart des Inhibitors Preventol CI-2 gleichmäßige Deckschichten von 10 bis ≫ 50 nm Dicke aus. Der flächenbezogene Massenverlust, nach ASTM and EMPA bestimmt, geht deutlich zurück. In keinem Fall wurde örtliche Korrosion, wie sic z. B. bei Unterdosierung von deckschichtbildenden Inhibitoren auftreten kann, gefunden.Die elektrochemischen Untersuchungen bestätigen die Befunde der chemischen Prüfungen und geben Hinweise auf die Wirkmechanismen. Der Einfluß der Temperatur und der Fließgeschwindigkeit auf die Schutzwirkung des Inhibitors kann nachgewiesen werden. Die Gefahr der Kontaktkorrosion bei einer Mischbauweise Kupfer/Aluminium wird minimiert. Die Beständigkeit von Grauguß gegen Kavitationskorrosion nimmt deutlich zu.Mit Preventol CI-2 steht ein wirkungsvoller Breitband-Inhibitor für wässerige und alkoholisch wässerige Wärmeträger zur Verfügung.
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  • 185
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 428-434 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrochemical Investigation of the Corrosion of Heat Resistant Fe- and Ni-Base-Alloys in Eutectic Alkali Sulphate Melt at 700 °CEight Fe-Cr-Ni-alloys with (mass-%) I5-29 Cr, 0-76 Ni, Fe balance have been corroded in eutectic alkali sulphate melt at 700 °C, I bar O2, potentiostatically for 23 h. The corrosion behaviour at different potential in the active, passive and transpassive range was investigated by mass loss measurements and metallographically. Cr was found to have a markedly effect on the passive/transpassive behaviour and for the corrosion resistance at all. But there is no further improvement at 〉 20% Cr. The effect of Ni was found to be negative or indifferent in the active range. The greater effect was found with the “minor” elements, e. g. Al and Si, which can support protective layers formation in the active range, whereas in the transpassive range they can enhance the corrosion process. Ti was found to have a negative effect due to local sulfide formation.Heat resistant alloys with high contents of Cr and Ni have been found to have necessarily no increased corrosion resistance to sulphate attack. In the range of 20-30% Cr the resistance can alter markedly showing the greater effect of minor elements.
    Notes: Acht verschiedene Fe-Cr-Ni-Legierungen mit 15 bis 20%, Cr und 0 bis 76% Ni wurden in eutektischer Alkalisulfatschmelze bei 700 °C unter I bar O2, bei verschiedenen Potentialen über 23 h korrodiert. Das Verhalten bei aktiver, passiver und transpassiver Korrosion wurde gravimetrisch und metallkundlich beurteilt. Für das passiv/transpassiv-Verhalten und somit für die Beständigkeit schlechthin hat Cr einen signifikanten Einfluß, der aber oberhalb 20% praktisch keine weitere Verbesserung bewirkt. Der Einfluß des Ni kann bei aktiver Korrosion negativ, ansonsten indifferent sein. Von größerem Einfluß sind „minor“ -Elemente, z. B. Al and Si, die im aktiven Bereich die Bildung von Schutzschichten fördern, im transpassiven Bereich dagegen die Korrosion beschleunigen können. Ti erwies sich als negativ wegen örtlicher Sulfidbildung.Die Untersuchungen zeigen, daß hitzebeständige Legierungen mit hohen Gehalten an Cr and Ni keine erhöhte Beständigkeit bei Sulfatschmelzenangriff haben müssen. Im Bereich 20 bis 30% Cr können die Beständigkeitswerte stark schwanken, wobei „minor“-Elemente den Ausschlag geben.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 435-442 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion of galvanized and unalloyed steel tubes in drinking water of different hardness and increased neutral salt contentThe corrosion of galvanized and unalloyed steel tubes in drinking water of different hardness was studied at the Rheinau water works, Mannheim. The criteria to describe the influence of the water quality parameters were the decrease of the metallic zinc layer, the composition of the corrosion products and a visual qualification of the coatings.The main parameters influencing zinc corrosion are pH-value and flowrate. Comparison with other data shows no significant effect of buffer intensity and neutral salt concentration. The layer of corrosionproducts in unalloyed steel tubes showed qualitative and quantitative differences with different hardness. The most important effect can be seen in the different contents of calcite in the coating. Low buffer capacity decreased the quality of the corrosion product layer.The results lead to the conclusion, that softening should he limitated to a certain level, otherwise corrosion problems will increase.
    Notes: Das Korrosionsverhalten von Hausinstallationsrohren aus verzinktem Stahl und unlegiertem Stahl wurde im Rahmen von Feldversuchen im Wasserwerk Rheinau der Energie- und Wasserwerke Rhein Neckar AG, Mannheim, an drei unterschiedlich harten Wässern untersucht.Dabei erfolgte die Erfassung des Einflusses der verschiedenen Wasserqualitäten durch Bestimmung des Zinkabtrags, die Erfassung der Korrosionsprodukte an den Rohrinnenoberflächen und durch eine optische Beurteilung der Deckschichtqualitäten.Die Messungen zum Zinkabtrag zeigten einen eindeutigen Einfluß des pH-Wertes and der Fließgeschwindigkeit. Dagegen konnte kein Hinweis auf einen signifikanten Einfluß der Pufferung und des Neutralsalzgehaltes beobachtet werden. Für die Deckschichtbildung am unlegierten Stahlrohr warden dagegen sowohl qualitative, wie auch quantitative Unterschiede zwischen verschieden weit enthärteten Wässern festgestellt, wobei vor allem große Unterschiede im Calciumkarbonatgehalt der Deckschichten beobachtet wurden. Eine weitgehende Enthärtung führt zu einer deutlichen Verminderung der Qualität der gebildeten Deckschichten.Die Ergebnisse gestatten Folgerungen über die Grenzen der speziellen Fragestellung in Mannheim hinaus für den Einsatz einer zentralen Teilenthärtung.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 421-427 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of various annealing temperatures on the long-term strength under corrosion of a molybdenum alloyed 13% chromium steel in chloride containing mediaCorrosion fatigue tests were performed at varied levels of tensile strength of the material X 20 CrMo 13 at temperatures of 150 and 200 °C in 0.01 n solution of NaCl. A considerable decrease in the resistance to corrosion fatigue could be observed with increasing tensile strength of the material. As expected, the material shows a distinct sensitivity to stress corrosion at the highest tensile strength. Additional investigations of the morphology of the fracture proved that stress corrosion mechanisms are not directly controlling the formation of fracture surfaces. Spots of pitting corrosion on the surface of the samples can be coordinated with the amount of stressing. Pitting and fracture initiation under corrosion fatigue conditions, however, cannot be coordinated. Analyses of the microstructure reveal a layer on the samples which is expected to have a good protective effect against corrosion. Obviously the course of the fatigue corrosion depends on the rebuilding time of passivity which should be influenced by alloying of molybdenum. Under the selected testing conditions, however, the alloying of molybdenum was not yet sufficient to obtain a distinct improvement of the resistance to corrosion fatigue. The investigations will he carried on with the chosen material with higher amounts of alloyed molybdenum.
    Notes: Der Werkstoff X 20 CrMo 13 wurde für die Durchführung von Schwingungsrißkorrosionsversuchen auf verschiedene Festigkeitszustände eingestellt. Die Schwingungsrißkorrosionsbeanspruchung erfolgte in 0,01 n NaCl-Lösung bei Temperaturen von 150 and 200 °C. Es zeigte sich, daß mit einer Steigerung der Festigkeit des Werkstoffs ein starker Abfall der Schwingungsrißkorrosionsbeständigkeit verbunden ist. In der höchsten Festigkeitsstufe zeigt der Werkstoff erwartungsgemäß deutliche Spannungsrißkorrosionsempfindlichkeit. Dennoch läßt: eine zuordnende Morphologieuntersuchung der Bruchfläche erkennen, daß Spannungskorrosionsmechanismen nicht schädigungsbestimmend bei der Ausbildung der Bruchflächen sind. Lochfraßstellen auf der Probenoberfläche stehen in Abhängigkeit von den an die Proben angelegten. Spannungsamplituden. Lochfraß und Anrißbeginn bei der Schwingungsrißkorrosionsbeanspruchung können jedoch nicht in kausalen Zusammenhang gebracht werden. Dünnschichtanalysen weisen auf den Proben eine Deckschicht nach, die einen guten Korrosionsschutz erwarten lassen müßte. Entscheidend für den Ablauf der Schwingungsrißkorrosion ist offensichtlich die Repassivierungsgeschwindigkeit, die durch den Molybdänzusatz gesteigert werden sollte. Bei den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen, insbesondere bei den gewählten Temperaturen, ist jedoch der Molybdänzusatz noch nicht ausreichend, um eine deutliche Verbesserung der Schwingungsrißkorrosionbeständigkeit zu erzielen. Die Versuche werden mit dem gewählten Werkstoff, jedoch unter Zulegierung eines höheren Molybdängehalts fortgesetzt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 443-448 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibition of the acid corrosion of various carbon steelsIn the present paper the influence of carbon content in steel (0.002-1.05%C) on the corrosion rate in deacerated 2.0 M sulphuric acid containing thiourea in a concentration of 0.003-0.4% has been studied. The measuring effects of spontaneous dissolution and the potentiostatic measuring results for two different stirring rates of the disk electrode have been shown. It was found that the thiourea represses the corrosion of steel to a certain optimal concentration above which a corrosion stimulation takes place. The optimal concentration of the thiourea depends on the carbon content in steel and in a smaller degree on the stirring rate. In the absence of thiourea the anodic and cathodic polarisation curves have a run considerably depending on the carbon content in steel. The polarisation curves at the thiourea concentration of 0.010 and 0.100% show a Tafel run with an elevation practically independent on the carbon content in steel. The run of the polarisation curves as well as the metallographic observations allow to admit that the cementit and also the ferrite undergo an anodic dissolution at the presence of thiourea.
    Notes: In dem vorliegenden Beitrag überprüfte man den Einfluß des Kohlenstoffgehalts im Stahl (0.002-1.05%) auf die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit in entgaster 2,0 M Schwefelsäure, die Thioharnstoff in einer Konzentration von 0,003-0,4% enthält. Man zeigte die Meßergebnisse für die Geschwindigkeit der spontanen Auflösung und die potentiostatischen Meßergebnisse für zwei unterschiedliche Umrührgeschwindigkeiten der Scheibenelektrode auf. Man erkannte daß der Thioharnstoff die Korrosion des Stahls bis zu einer bestimmten optimalen Konzentration hemmt, darüber hinaus tritt eine Korrosionsstimulation ein. Die optimale Konzentration des Thioharnstoffs wird deutlich durch den Kohlenstoffgehalt des Stahls und in geringem Maße durch die Umrührgeschwindigkeit beeinflußt. Bei der Abwesenheit-von THS haben die anodischen und kathodischen Polarisationskurven einen Verlauf, der wesentlich vom Kohlenstoffgehalt des Stahls abhängig ist. Bei Verwendung des Thioharnstoffs mit einer Konzentration von 0,01 und 0.1% zeigen die Polarisationskurven einen Tafelschen Verlauf mit einer Steigung auf, die praktisch vom Kohlenstoffgehalt des Stahls unabhängig ist. Der Verlauf der Polarisationskurven, sowie die metallographischen Beobachtungen lassen annehmen, daß bei Verwendung des ThioharnstoffS der Zementit und ebenfalls der Ferrit einer anodischen Auflösung unterliegt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 453-464 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 449-453 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 464-466 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 466-466 
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