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  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The whistler rate estimated from the plasma wave analyser implies a lightning flash Evidence exists for lightning activity on the Earth, Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus. analysis of spacecraft observations gives a better idea of how the activity varies from planet to planet, but leave many questions unanswered. This paper will examine recent research results on extraterrestrial compare the characteristics of terrestrial and extraterrestrial lightning, and examine the questions raised by the comparisons. Excellent reviews of terrestrial lightning are available in Lightning (Uman, 1969), Lightning (edited by Golde, 1977), and Handbook of Atmospherics (edited by Vollard, 1982). Review articles on extraterrestrial lightning have been presented b'y Rinnert (1982), Levin et al (1983), and Williams et al (1983). Because of the availability of these review articles, only a brief review will be included here where needed. This paper is organized into sections discussing lightning activity on Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn. Next a brief section is presented on the level of lightning activity that can be expected on Titan. A short section comparing the characteristics of terrestrial and extraterrestrial lightning is followed by a section discussing questions raised by the observations. The last section summarizes results.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Atmospheric Electricity; Jun 03, 1984 - Jun 08, 1984; Albany, NY; United States
    Format: text
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  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: An environmental fog simulation (EFS) attachment was developed to aid in the study of natural low-visibility visual cues and subsequently used to examine the realism effect upon the aircraft simulator visual scene. A review of the basic fog equations indicated that the two major factors must be accounted for in the simulation of low visibility-one due to atmospheric attenuation and one due to veiling luminance. These factors are compared systematically by: comparing actual measurements lo those computed from the Fog equations, and comparing runway-visual-range-related visual-scene contrast values with the calculated values. These values are also compared with the simulated equivalent equations and with contrast measurements obtained from a current electronic fog synthesizer to help identify areas in which improvements are needed. These differences in technique, the measured values, the Features of both systems, a pilot opinion survey of the EFS fog, and improvements (by combining features of both systems) that are expected to significantly increase the potential as well as flexibility for producing a very high-fidelity, low-visibility visual simulation are discussed.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA/TM-1981-208083 , NAS 1.15:208083 , AIAA Paper 81-0982 , Journal of Aircraft; 19; 9; 757-764|Flight Simulation Technologies; Jun 17, 1981 - Jun 19, 1981; Long Beach, CA; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The proceedings of a workshop on meteorological and environmental inputs to aviation systems held at The University of Tennessee Space Institute, Tullahoma, Tennessee, March 25-27, 1980, are reported. The workshop was jointly sponsored by NASA, NOAA, and FAA and brought together many disciplines of the aviation communities in round table discussions. The major objectives of the workshop are to satisfy such needs of the sponsoring agencies as the expansion of our understanding and knowledge of the interaction of the atmosphere with aviation systems, the better definition and implementation of services to operators, and the collection and interpretation of data for establishing operational criteria relating the total meteorological inputs from the atmospheric sciences to the needs of aviation communities. The unique aspects of the workshop were the diversity of the participants and the achievement of communication across the interface of the boundaries between pilots, meteorologists, training personnel, accident investigators, traffic controllers, flight operation personnel from military, civil, general aviation, and commercial interests alike. Representatives were in attendance from government, airlines, private agencies, aircraft manufacturers, Department of Defense, industries, research institutes, and universities. Full-length papers from invited speakers addressed topics on icing, turbulence, wind and wind shear, ceilings and visibility, lightning, and atmospheric electricity. These papers are contained in the proceedings together with the committee chairmen's reports on the results and conclusions of their efforts on similar subjects.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: NASA-CP-2139 , FAA-RD-80-67 , Annual Workshop on Meteorological and Environmental Inputs to Aviation Systems; Mar 25, 1980 - Mar 27, 1980; Tullahoma, TN; United States
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    In:  Other Sources
    Publication Date: 2019-08-15
    Description: The impact of life on the atmosphere is examined through a discussion of the budgets of important atmospheric constituents and the processes that control their concentrations. Life profoundly influences oxygen and a number of minor atmospheric constituents, but many important gases, including those with the greatest effect on global climate, appear to be little altered by biological processes, at least in the steady state.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: Bioscience (ISSN 0006-3568); 34; 8; 486-91
    Format: text
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