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  • Chemical Engineering  (1.635)
  • GEOPHYSICS
  • 1995-1999  (1.854)
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Block copolyetherester. Part 3: Preparation of block copolyetheresters by a terephthalic acid process in the presence of salts (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 190-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The block copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly(butylene terephthalate) and soft segments of poly(tetramethylene ether) were prepared by a terephthalic acid (TPA) process in the presence of some salts. The preparations of a block copolyetherester under various conditions were first studied in a 1 L stainless steel reactor to find the best method. Then, the preparations of four block copolyetheresters were run in a pilot plant comprising a 200 L polyesterification reactor and a 200 L polymerization reactor under the suitable condition. The presence of some salts reduced the formation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and also reduced the total reaction time in the pilot plant. The thermal properties and various mechanical properties of the block copolytheresters prepared by the pilot plant were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of this method.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350212
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microwave processing of two-phase systems: Composites and plymer blends (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 144-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The objective of the current paper was to extend the relationships between complex polymer structures and microwave absorptivity that were formulated in the first three papers of this series (1-3). The microwave processing of composite and polymeric blends via a cylindrical resonance wave cavity and a rectangular standing wave applicator is described. These polymeric materials were irradiated in a low power (〈 100W) electric field at 2.45 GHz. Graphite-epoxy laminates were processed in both standing and traveling wave applicators. Rapid heating and curing were achieved in both cases. An observation of significance was that, with proper tuning of the traveling wave device (the precursor of a protable repair tool), it proved to be highly effective in processing. Additionally, a compatible blend of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(vinylidene fluoride) was heated in and applicator and the rates of temperature rise were demonstrated to depend upon morphology.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350204
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stress-strain behavior and dynamic mechanical properties of poly(1,1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene), poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) and of these polymers after crosslinking with sulfur (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 157-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Mechanical properties of polymers can be described by their stress/strain curves and by their behavior under dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). The purpose of this paper is to report such mechanical properties for two unsaturated polycarbosilanes: poly(1, 1-dimethyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (I) and poly(1-methyl-1-phenyl-1-sila-cis-pent-3-ene) (II). Tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus, bending modulus, Tg, and tan δ for I, II and for sulfur crosslinked I and II have been measured. The influence of polymer molecular weight, quantity of crosslinking agent, cure time, presence of carbon black filler, the effect of crosshead speed, and frequency on these properties was investigated.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350206
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The effects of physical aging on the brittle fracture behavior of polymers (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 165-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The effects of physical aging on the failure behavior of a typical brittle polymer, polystyrene, have been studied. Properties examined were creep rupture lifetimes, fatigue lifetimes, and environmental stress cracking in ethanol. Fractured samples were examined both optically and by scanning electron microscopy to determine the degree of crazing. It was found that a longer physical aging time produced shorter lifetimes in all cases. The main reason for this is the reduction in craze strength caused by a reduced toughness due to physical aging. A long aging time was found to delay craze formation, but once formed, these crazes were much less stable than those formed with a short aging time. The effects of aging are important on failure prediction criteria and on testing methodologies, and the implications are discussed.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350207
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Investigation of cure in epoxy acrylate resins using rheological and dielectric measurements (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 184-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Dielectric and rheological measurements are reported for the cure in a series of mixtures of an epoxy-acrylate with n-butyl methacrylate. The level of the initiator and properties of the epoxy acrylate and n-butyl methacrylate influence the cure characteristics and morphology of the film formed. Analysis of the rheological data indicates that during the curing process, microphase separation occurs within the mixture. The changes in the dielectric relaxation behavior with composition of the completely cured material is also consistent with microphase separation occurring in these resins while they are cured.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350211
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Monomer chain cross-transfer constants and cross termination factor evaluations on styrene-acrylonitrile copolymerization (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 195-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Using low conversion bulk copolymerization experimental data and the apparent rate constant model, the monomer chain cross-transfer rate constants and the cross-termination coefficient were evaluated. It was found that the dependence of the cross-termination coefficient on composition is a function of initiator efficiency and that monomer chain cross-transfer rate constant are relevant for the theoretical estimation of the molecular weights and molecular weight distributions.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350213
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Rheology of thermoplastic starch: Effects of temperature, moisture content, and additives on melt viscosity (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 202-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The melt viscosity of thermoplastic starch has been investigated as a function of temperature, moisture content, and processing conditions. The effects of various low molecular weight additives have also been studied. Starch melts exhibit power law behavior over the range of shear rates studied. Melt viscosity decreased with increasing temperature and moisture content (MC). The power law index m increased with increasing temperature. The consistency K decreased with increasing temperature and increasing moisture content. Moisture content during the pelletizing step influenced melt viscosities measured after equilibration to different MCs. All additives studied except glycerol monostearate (GMS) significantly lowered the melt viscosity of starch, some more effectively than water relative to starch with 15% MC. Starch with GMS had viscosities essentially the same as, or slightly higher than, starch/water. This behavior may be due to the presence of unmelted helical inclusion complexes of starch and GMS. Starch formulations at 160°C exhibited melt visocosities similar to an LDPE of melt index 1.8.
    Zusätzliches Material: 16 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350214
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Preface (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 289-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350402
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    On the phenomenology of yield in bisphenol-a polycarbonate (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 291-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The phenomenology of yield in bisphenol-A polycarbonate is explored through tensile tests on thin rectangular specimens and through pressure-induced bulging of thin, clamped circular disks. In a tensile test, while the nominal critical stress at which yield initiates and the nominal draw stress at which a stable neck propagates along a specimen depend on the temperature and the strain rate, the ratio of the draw stress to the critical stress is shown to be approximately 0.75 over a temperature range of 22 to 65°C and strain-rates in the range of 10-4 to 100 s-1. Specimens subjected to constant tensile loads between the draw and critical stresses are shown first to creep till stretches on the order of 1.06 are attained and then are shown to undergo stable necking. Tensile tests on thin, wide rectangular specimens show that yielding initiates through shear bands that broaden and intersect to generate necks, which subsequently propagate along the specimen. In pressure-induced bulging of clamped disks, biaxial stretching progresses monotonically under increasing pressures; strain localization does occur near the outer edges of the specimens, however. Heating of a specimen with a substantial stably necked region shows that the temperature-induced recovery of the specimen from its deformed state begins well below the transition temperature Tg of the material, although most of the recovery occurs at Tg.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350403
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plastic behavior and deformation textures of poly(etherether ketone) under uniaxial tension and simple shear (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 317-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Samples of poly(etherether ketone) (PEEK) were subjected to large plastic deformations under uniaxial tension and simple shear by means of a new video-controlled testing method at constant true strain rate. The “equivalent” stress-strain curves obtained under the two loading modes are close at the yield point, but diverge drastically at large strains, with a rapidly increasing hardening in tension and a moderate hardening under simple shear. X-ray diffraction goniometry shows that these contrasting behaviors are associated with the different textures developed in the crystallite orientations. Under tension, the PEEK lamellae are progressively tilted in such a way that the chain axis becomes oriented parallel to the tensile axis; in the other mode, the final chain orientation is near to the shear axis. DSC analyses of deformed samples in both modes are carried out. The results show that the tension loading induces a fragmentation of the thin lamellae, while the shear mode generates less fragmentation. A quantitative model is presented that involves a composite approach: (i) the viscoplastic deformation of the crystalline lamellae, which is controlled by chain slip and transverse slip systems on planes parallel to the c axis, and (ii) the hyperelastic deformation of the amorphous phase, which depends on the affine unfolding of statistically distributed subchains. A discussion of the influence of the CRSS values on the stress-strain curves and textures is developed by means of this model.
    Zusätzliches Material: 19 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350406
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