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  • Emerald  (3.058)
  • 1995-1999  (3.058)
  • 1999  (3.058)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 417-423 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Two trends in business currently receiving much practical and theoretical discussion are diversity and globalization. Issues related to these trends can create significant challenges for managers but may also represent potentially rich learning experiences. This paper explores the confluence of gender and globalization, particularly in the context of sexual harassment. Two hypothetical dilemmas are presented. Information on demographic and global trends is presented. The legal and economic status of women in a number of different countries is reviewed, as is the legal definition of sexual harassment in the United States. Finally, directions for future research focusing on diversity-related training and the issue of cultural relativism are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 411-417 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Quantitative research, with 1,000 organisations over four years, is the basis for an exploration of their views of future issues affecting them and, in particular, of changes in their structures and working patterns. The main impression, though is one of widespread conservatism, where they give a relatively low level of importance to the key issues which other research indicates may have the greatest impact on their long-term survival. Thus, they report that the current form of structure is still overwhelmingly that of the traditional hierarchy. Although they show one indication of a more radical approach, in expecting hierarchical organisation to halve its share by 2020 AD, they do not look for major changes in stakeholder power (currently dominated, as might be expected, by shareholders and senior managers) or in the work activities that are undertaken; though the most prevalent form of activity is already that of "communication" in some form or other.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 424-437 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Focuses on downsizing and reviews selected research on organizational change and downsizing. Addresses the issues of "survivors", and also covers the strategic concerns in planning a downsizing operation and attempts to determine some specific reasons why some companies succeed at downsizing while others do not. Discusses an organization's context, composed of culture, level of trust and level of leadership, since it has a profound effect on a company's downsizing strategy. Examines case studies of Compaq Computer, the State of Oregon, and Patagonia and supports the need for the concerns of the surviving employees to be listened to. In the case of these downsizings, the surviving employees were successfully shown that they should not feel victimized by the downsizing process, but instead should see this process as an opportunity for personal growth.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 437-445 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The use of information technology (IT) in organizations is subject to various kinds of potential risks. Explores the environment of IT in organizations, identifies the probable threats, and proposes a framework for integrated risk management. The risk management process has four major components -- risk identification, risk analysis, risk-reducing measures, and risk monitoring. The framework can be used to guide organizations in reducing the losses resulting from the realization of threats to IT use.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 457-464 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Analyses the extent of Cadbury compliance and its impact on corporate performance in the UK. Comparing 1992 and 1995, we find that UK public companies have, in general, complied with the Cadbury Committee's Code of Best Practice and have adopted the recommended governance structures. However, compliance is more common among larger firms. Thus we find that duality is less common, firms tend to have more than three non-executive directors and that there has been an almost universal adoption of board subcommittees such as the remuneration and audit committees. However, little evidence is found to suggest either that the board characteristics recommended by Cadbury lead to improved performance or that moving towards them improves performance. The only governance mechanism which does positively affect performance is the presence of remuneration and audit committees.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 503-513 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The purpose of this research is to review the perceptions of 359 front-line management personnel as to why their organizations fail to achieve desired results and to draw lessons for organizational practice on how to prevent failure and improve organizational performance. Managers from 30 organizations were asked to rate the impact that 25 different performance factors have on their ability to get desired results. The results of the study identified a variety of people and leadership factors as the primary causes of poor performance, while factors such as technology, finances, and government regulations ranked significantly lower in the rankings.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 473-490 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Examines varied empirical studies on downsizing which have revealed that, as a result of its aftermath, high percentages of companies have judged these efforts as unsuccessful. Corporate restructuring encompasses multiple forms of change, which are classified into three distinct categories: portfolio, financial and organizational. An analysis of the Freeman and Cameron theoretical framework on downsizing implementation processes is examined in terms of where the process occurs, during periods either of convergence and/or of reorientation, and the results associated with each approach. A case study of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment revealed that restructuring did not provide visible improvements in efficiency, economy and responsiveness. Cultural impact of this intervention revealed negative intergroup reactions, i.e. denial, dissatisfaction. An analysis of Richard Johnson's model of the antecedents, processes and outcomes of downsizing revealed the impact upon strategy, productivity, human resources and finance. Interrelationships suggested diminished performances of firms which downsized without a lucid blueprint, adversely impacting upon these businesses. Finally, 30 recommendations are given for the human resource executive for effective downsizing, focusing upon: approach, involvement, leadership, communication, preparation, support, cost cutting, measurement, and implementation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 535-552 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Aims to review the literature pertaining to downsizing with an emphasis on the organization level, and establish the critical success factors of downsizing, that is, guidelines to the successful implementation of downsizing activities. Addresses these objectives by examining first, how downsizing is defined in the literature reviewed, then discusses the different ways in which or measures by which organizations carry out downsizing activities and the reasons that prompt companies to downsize. Addresses the rationale utilized by firms to downsize, the expected outcomes in terms of economic and human consequences, the approaches to downsizing (reorientation and convergence) and specific strategies such as workforce reduction, work redesign and systemic strategy. Also downsizing tactics, human resources as assets vs costs, planning, participation, leadership, communications, and support to victims/survivors are examined. Both laboratory experiments and empirical research concerning survivors' reactions are explored. The role of trust as well as the human resource professional in the process are included. Conclusions and recommendations complete the article.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 561-572 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the context of the "year-2000" problem, focuses on the risk involved in real time clocks and their interactions with associated embedded processors and logic arrays, dedicated electronic control and monitoring logic incorporated into larger systems. These are essential to the operation of a vast portfolio of infrastructures, from medical equipment, to buildings (phone, security, heating, plumbing and lighting), to transportation, to financial networks, to just-in-time delivery systems, and so on. According to a recent study, the firmware (permanently loaded instructions) that enables these systems to run is date sensitive and not year-2000-compliant in less than 1 percent of the 50 billion microprocessors and microcontrollers used in embedded systems installed worldwide by the end of the twentieth century. This small fraction will fail, causing the systems they control to begin failing around 1 January 2000 and for the first few years of the next century. Presents a pessimistic, illustrative scenario, describing the disruption of essential infrastructure from electric power, to food and fuel distribution, to communications, to financial networks.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 628-632 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper sets out to question whether managers should really talk of a West/East style of management. It does so by first examining the practices across a variety of Eastern and Western countries. The paper then analyses key changes in the global business environment that are having a huge influence on the adoption of management practices across the globe. There is much evidence to suggest a degree of convergence and this needs to be taken very much on board by firms engaging further in global trade. To assess management practices, this will involve careful analysis of the main organisation of business across various countries, as well as analysis of the environment in which they operate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 633-643 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The purpose of this paper is to examine the myriad ways record-keeping can affect the course and outcome of products liability litigation. The examination includes an overview of the civil jury system in the USA, as well as an analysis of the benefits gained from instituting quality concepts and principles regarding the creation, management, storage and protection of quality-related documents. Frequently the "star witness" in a products liability lawsuit is not a witness at all - it is a document. The written record a company generates plays a critical role in presenting a case to the jury in the event of litigation. With regard to retaining and storing company records, serious legal problems arise when documents are lost, damaged or destroyed without adequate explanation. Accordingly, embracing and implementing quality concepts and principles with regard to record-keeping provides numerous rewards in the event of litigation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 678-685 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Since every organization's success is built on the participation and good work of its staff, this article advises leaders to view their organization as a country, and frames their primary management challenge as creating "organizational citizenship", defined as a voluntary consistent commitment to the goals, methods, and ultimate success of the organization. Most leadership strategies are designed to create specific business results; their effectiveness will depend on the creation of a culture of patriotism throughout the organization.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 657-670 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The management literature is replete with articles on total quality management, just-in-time manufacturing, strategic partnerships between customers and vendors, re-engineering the company, flattening the organisation, teams that replace individual decision making and horizontal organisational structures. The terms and descriptions used in the literature for these organisational changes vary, but the overall objective is the same, to increase organisational effectiveness and to ensure the future of these organisations by establishing more efficient operations. In many companies positive organisational change is often undertaken simultaneously with, or following on from a "downsizing" or "restructuring" programme. In business recreation, whether in Australia or any other country, operational efficiency built upon enhanced processes must not be seen as the final objective - the opportunities are much greater. Examples of successful Australian organisational recreation are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 643-656 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The notion of what is meant by "value" is explored and summarised in terms of its involvement in delivering the product/service attributes, considered necessary to create customer satisfaction. Investigates the business system in relation to the value chain, as well as citing the conflicting views of a number of authors upon this topic. A specific company is used as a template to bring out many of the notions that have been put forward. Concludes with the fact that the traditional value chain begins with the company's core competences, whereas evidence suggests that modern value chain analysis reverses this approach and uses customers as its starting point.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 686-696 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: There is a growing interest in relationships in the marketing literature, which has resulted in increasing attention to relational aspects of business. How the actors perceive the relationship thus emerges as a key issue. Traditionally, customer perceptions, for example, perceived service quality, satisfaction and value have played an important role in service management. However, in a business setting it is more appropriate to study both the seller's and the buyer's perceptions. This paper proposes a configuration map to depict both parties' perceptions. This map can be used to capture both the composition and the dynamics of perception configurations, and it is generically applicable to dyadic perception studies.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Management decision 37 (1999), S. 709-718 
    ISSN: 0025-1747
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Competitive advantage is the basis for superior performance. Understanding the anatomy of competitive advantage is of paramount importance to general managers who bear the ultimate responsibility for a firm's long term survival and success. Advances an integrative framework called SELECT to help general managers systematically examine the various facets of the anatomy of competitive advantage: its substance, expression, locale, effect, cause, and time-span. Analyzing the causes of competitive advantage helps a firm create and gain advantage. Studying the substance, expression, locale, and effect of competitive advantage allows the firm to better utilize the advantage. Examining the time span of competitive advantage enables the firm to fully exploit the advantage according to its potential and sustainability.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 18-25 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In the workplace, emotional dissonance is the conflict between emotions experienced by the employee and those required by the organization. Earlier studies have established that emotional dissonance reduces job satisfaction and exacerbates emotional exhaustion. Emotional dissonance typically occurs during interactions between employees and customers in service industries. As Western economies are dominated by service industries, emotional dissonance may result in rising numbers of dissatisfied and burned out employees. This study examined the process by which emotional dissonance operates, and the impact of self-esteem on emotional dissonance. Emotional dissonance was found to induce job tension leading, in turn, to emotional exhaustion. Employees with innately low self-esteem were more likely to experience emotional dissonance and suffer from emotional exhaustion. Other employees found that emotional dissonance reduced their self-esteem leaving them dissatisfied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 6-10 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Reports on the UMIST-Institute of Management five-year study into the changing experiences of UK managers and the impact of organizational change. Examines the patterns of actual working hours generally and by managerial level before going on to explore the reasons managers give to explain their work patterns (over contract hours, evening and weekend working). Contains an assessment of how managers trade-off work and non-work activity and the impact of long working hours on managers' health, morale, productivity, social life and relationships with their partners and children. The analysis reveals a strong relationship between actual hours worked and an increasingly negative impact on all the factors tested.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 133-147 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper contributes to the study of ethics programmes by the building of a theoretical model for implementing an ethics programme and examining the application of this model to an actual implementation case study. Ethics programmes aim at stimulating ethical behaviour in the organisation and assisting employees to act in a morally responsible way. It is proposed that for an organisational ethics programme to be effective, five dominant conditions are necessary: awareness of formal organisational goals and corresponding informal norms; suitable procedures for decision making; correct distribution of resources; presence of necessary skills; and personal intentions for ethical behaviour. Following detailed discussion of each condition, and with reference to an actual case example, the conditions will be further developed and supplemented with suggested organisational activities that could be used to support these conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 181-188 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Although much has been written on skills and strategies of management consultants, little research has been done on what management consultants actually do. In this study, three senior consultants were shadowed, each for a one week period. Management consultancy turns out to be a hectic and highly interactive job. Important interaction partners are clients, colleagues, and secretaries, although only the first are highlighted in literature. Catalytic intervention is the most dominant approach in client contacts. The relatively rare desk work sessions of management consultants are even more interrupted than those of managers. An important function of their desk work (and of their work as a whole) is structuring information gained in client contacts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 198-207 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Progressive stages in the evolution of organizations correspond to progressively deeper aspects of the mind. The stage of task-based management emphasized the more superficial sensorimotor and concrete thinking capacities; this approach of rigid rules and structures is now unsuited for an increasingly knowledge-based economy. The next stage, process-based management, makes greater use of the intellect of organizational members to design, implement, and evaluate systemic productivity improvements. A few organizations today demonstrate the lasting success of values-based organizing, managing on the level of feelings and ego. The new millennium will see organizations that utilize the deepest level of human consciousness, connecting the human mind to the intelligence of natural law which spontaneously organizes for optimal simplicity, synergy, and holistic progress.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 216-221 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Contemporary organisational realities challenge consultants to develop: more up-to-date motivational knowledge; the ability and willingness to work with change agents unsympathetic to applied social science; and, facility with methodologies for both cultural and structural change. Changes over the last two decades have resulted in a more diverse motivational picture than the 1950s to 1970s humanistic motivational theories that underlie most organisational development theory and practice. In response, consultants need to develop a portfolio of consultancy methods that enable them to address not only cultural changes (e.g. attitudinal and change) but also structural changes (e.g. organisational design). Today, most clients who hire organisational consultants do so to complement technological and strategic changes anticipated or already undertaken. OD practitioners need to increase their ability to understand and work with change managers, and their consultants, who see the world predominantly through technological and economic eyes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Leadership & organization development journal 20 (1999), S. 262-268 
    ISSN: 0143-7739
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Conventional wisdom suggests that a consultant serving a joint union-management organization development (OD) change effort acts as a third-party neutral. However, this paper documents why both parties may distrust the OD consultant and other dangers associated with claims of neutrality. Drawing on the OD literature and that of psychotherapy, as well as over 20 years of experience that the authors have had as consultants to joint efforts, this paper suggests that OD change agents should take on the role as advocates not neutrals. The advantages of actively advocating for the differing and joint interests of union and management are outlined. Clear strategies for using the advocacy approach are identified.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 121-130 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper investigates the long-run relationship between Iranian trade balance and the black market value of Iranian rial by employing cointegration technique. It is shown that in a oil producing country like Iran due to rent-seeking opportunities, depreciation of the rial in the black market has an adverse effect on the Iranian trade balance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 453-480 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Reproduces the main texts of hitherto unpublished reminiscences of the style and influence, as a teacher, of Allyn Abbott Young (1876-1929) by 17 of his distinguished students. They include Bertil Ohlin, Nicholas Kaldor, James Angell, Lauchlin Currie, Colin Clark, Howard Ellis, Frank Fetter, Earl Hamilton, and Melvin Knight (brother of Frank Knight who, with Edward Chamberlin, was perhaps Young's most famous PhD student). There has recently been a revival of interest in Young's influence on US monetary thought and in his theory of economic growth based on endogenous increasing returns. These recollections of his students (addressed to Young's biographer, Charles Blitch) shed light on why Young has, at least until recently, been renowned more for his massive erudition than for his published writings.
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 404-412 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Former socialist economies, as they are trying to engage in a process of transition from state socialism towards forms of a market economy, and as they are trying to open themselves up to international trade, find that extreme social tensions accompany this process which go right to the heart of national identity. This is being discussed with the example of Hungary in mind.
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 438-448 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Understanding chances of reforming the common agricultural policy (CAP) of the European Union, for instance, requires an appreciation of its intellectual roots. Seeking such an understanding is the purpose of this article, which has the following structure. Next to this introduction and the conclusions at the end, there are three parts. Part I details what an economist may want to know about Count von Kanitz and the context of his political and intellectual work. Part II explains the proposal first by staying close to its original verbiage, then, however, by translating this proposal into modern micro-economic and public finance analytical terms. Part III gives an account of the scholarly literature on the proposal. The only piece of theoretical and practical relevance is found to be Gustav (von) Schmoller's article of 1895: this article is briefly summarized and appreciated as being a classic piece in agricultural political economy.
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 497-509 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Based on the proceedings of a conference organised by the National Bureau of Economic Research, Chicago, 1999. The Editors demonstrate, through contributions from business historians and economists, that "advanced research" has superceded the neo-classical theory of the firm.
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 26 (1999), S. 38-57 
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Using a differentiated oligopoly, this paper studies the effects of tax incentives on the structure of a domestic industry in terms of price, output, profit, and entry/exit, taking account of technology transfer through FDI. It is found that if the government of the host country provides more tax relief for foreign firms, it will raise total output and reduce the price index. More foreign firms will enter the industry while certain existing host firms will have to exit. Consumers are better off if income is unchanged; otherwise, the change in social welfare is ambiguous in general and several sufficient conditions ensuring definite outcomes have been identified. This suggests that the government should be cautious in reducing taxes to attract FDI and should differ their preferential tax treatments across industries.
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 17 (1999), S. 154-159 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: The Government has recognised the significance of exposures in houses to the natural radioactive gas radon and has over the past decade initiated various campaigns in conjunction with NRPB, BRE and local authorities to mitigate its effects. This article explains the principal features of the programme to reduce radon exposures in existing housing, which is based on encouraging occupiers to measure radon levels in their homes and publicising the availability of cheap and effective remedies. The important role is noted of professional groups such as surveyors in the housing market and detailed descriptions provided of the main methods of reducing radon levels and their suitability for particular buildings. The importance of raising radon awareness amongst professionals is noted and sources of further information are provided including technical reports on remedial measures.
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 17 (1999), S. 211-215 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: This paper arises from findings which emerged during the preparation of the Good Practice Guide to Maintenance Cost Forecasting. This Guide was commissioned by the Housing Corporation to assist Registered Social Landlords forecast the future maintenance costs of their stocks. It became apparent during the work that client experiences of stock condition surveys had been far from satisfactory. The surveys had often been carried out by professional surveyors and yet many had fundamental weaknesses in their specification, execution and use of data. The level of dissatisfaction expressed, coupled with recent evidence regarding the quality of domestic building surveys, should give cause for concern to the surveying profession. The paper identifies some causes of this dissatisfaction and suggests lessons that can be drawn from the experience. Further investigation is recommended into this crucial area of practice.
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 17 (1999), S. 170-178 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: This paper sets out to analyse and interpret factors which bear upon building components and to explore underlying relationships among the number of building components forming a construction entity. The research hypothesis was set as follows: building surveyors do not agree in assessing the strength of each of design, construction, age, changing standards and vandalism as a causative factor for defects on building components. Previous studies have established the factors pertaining to defects in the building structure. What is in dispute is the extent to which these factors are important in causing defects. The objective of the study presented in this paper is therefore to assess the impact of each of five key factors - design, construction, standards, vandalism and age - on 28 selected building components with the aid of questionnaire information provided by 45 local authority building surveyors involved in the day-to-day diagnosis of defects in public housing stock. In so doing, the tangible influence of the factors in terms of how they affect defect causation in building components for the sample is established.
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 178-185 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Theories of marketing management and strategy need to evolve and change to keep pace with changes in the marketplace and in marketing practice. As the next century draws closer, it is apparent that some marketing managers are basing their relationships with customers on policies and procedures called either "individualisation", "mass-customisation", or as we prefer, "personalisation". The core of this practice involves tailoring goods and services to the individual needs and wants of specific consumers, just the opposite of one-size-fits-all. We propose that personalisation is so important to marketing strategy that it should become one of the featured elements of the marketing mix, alongside product, price, promotion, place, personnel, physical assets, and procedures, to form a new marketing mix, the 8Ps.
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 17 (1999), S. 216-220 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Reviews the development of ground floor constructions. Explores the reasons for insulating the various types of ground floor constructions. Discusses the reasons for and methods of enhancing the thermal efficiency of floors. Shows that the earliest type of insulated floor was of lime concrete construction. Modern ground floors, whether suspended or ground-supported, must be insulated to an adequate level to achieve a more sustainable construction.
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Structural survey 17 (1999), S. 227-230 
    ISSN: 0263-080X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung
    Notizen: Britain and The Netherlands both have a large stock of historic buildings dating from pre-Roman to modern. Both provide some degree of state funding and each has a series of national bodies that concern themselves with historic building preservation both by the allocation of grants and the awarding of special "listing" status. In both cases the creation of societies to protect historic buildings dates to the second half of the nineteenth century. Despite these similarities, there are substantive differences in the current approach to the preservation of historic buildings. In terms of government intervention The Netherlands employs a far more localised approach than is found in Britain. Tax deduction and government subsidies provide a substantial incentive to building maintenance in contrast to the British laissez faire approach. The private sector in The Netherlands also contrasts substantively with that of Britain. Most conservation work is undertaken by a relatively small number of large firms who belong to a close-knit federation, in contrast to the British approach of a large number of small firms operating in a free market.
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 262-272 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Previous research suggests that most of the applications of marketing information systems (MkIS) appear to support marketing routine function rather than marketing strategic function. By conducting a survey of 55 UK marketing managers in computer and financial industries, this study examines the current practice of the strategic function of marketing, and the application of information systems in supporting the strategic function. Reveals that the strategic function of marketing has been perceived important by marketing managers, and many companies perform some of the strategic functions, such as market segmentation/targeting, competition and market analysis. Yet, the application of MkIS does not keep abreast with the current practice of marketing strategic function. Suggests that a knowledge-enriched, strategic oriented MkIS with an emphasis on environmental scanning, competition mapping, market positioning, and SWOT analysis needs to be developed through advanced computing technology.
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 288-297 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: While the idea of post-materialism is more than 20 years old, consumer researchers have given it little attention. This paper engages in an interdisciplinary exploration of this important cultural phenomenon. The Protestant work ethic, with its emphasis on ever-increasing levels of production, contributed to the rise of the consumption culture and the legitimation of the market society. It appears that the very premise which facilitates the market society - specialization and the production of consumption - also paves the way for a post-materialist revolution. This paper advocates a macro, more humanistic, and socially relevant perspective of consumer research.
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 222-231 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The media today remain focused on capturing the "youth market", despite the population changes which suggest that older rather than younger consumers are becoming demographically and economically more attractive. Advertisers in particular are guilty of portraying older consumers in stereotypical ways, or else ignore them, resulting in offence and alienation within the 50-plus market. This paper examines the reasons why the over-50s are such an important market; discusses why advertisers and marketers are so reluctant to target older consumers and concludes by recommending how advertisers and marketers might better serve this market, for both economic and ethical reasons.
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 21-32 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The publication of the first results of the SERVQUAL instrument provoked a debate on how best to measure service quality. With more than a decade since the publication of those results many researchers have attempted to demonstrate the efficacy, or not, of the SERVQUAL instrument, or to develop their own measurement methods. This paper reviews this debate in relation to six key aspects: the purpose of the measurement instrument; the definition of service quality; models for service quality measurement; the dimensionality of service quality; issues relating to expectations; and the format of the measurement instrument. The main areas of agreement and disagreement are identified. As a result the continued use of the SERVQUAL instrument is called into question, and areas for further research are identified.
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 155-162 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Relationship marketing focuses on building strong relationships with individual customers. Its emergence in the 1980s was however not so much a discovery, but a rediscovery of a truth which formed the foundation of many businesses. Partnering, at its best, is a long term commitment between two or more organisations for the purpose of achieving specific business objectives by maximising the effectiveness of each participant's resources. The relationship is based upon trust, dedication to common goals and understanding each other's individual expectations and values. This seems to suggest many similarities between relationship marketing and partnering. It is, however, still unclear as to what these similarities are. The objectives of this paper are, firstly, to compare relationship marketing with the partnering concept in the construction industry and, secondly, draw lessons from partnering in construction for relationship marketing.
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 186-191 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Reports findings from a major study done by a Boston consulting firm showing four solution-based market segments in high-tech industries. They are the specialized solution, the customized solution, the value solution, and the packaged solution. One segment is the be-first "contrarian" buyer. One segment responds to aggressive selling while another reacts to market pull. And the fourth segment is retail-oriented. This article may be useful to both buyers and sellers of technology in emerging, unsaturated markets.
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 272-280 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Reviews the political advertising literature at the start of the run-up to the 1997 UK general election and looks at the 1995 Irish Divorce Referendum result and assesses the consequent High Court Appeal case which cast doubt on the possibility that one can measure the effectiveness of political advertising. Outlines the literature on the measurement of political advertising, analyses data from the result and posits ways in which some of these doubts in measurement could be resolved. Suggests a number of methods of measurement of available data from the Irish Divorce Referendum which indicate the effectiveness of the political communication campaign. Finally proposes a number of critical areas of research which will need further exploration if we are to be able to prove our effectiveness in political markets, "beyond reasonable doubt".
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 298-306 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: In recent years, world growth has slowed and markets have matured or become more protective. It appears that the only way for many companies to grow is at the expense of their competitors. Many large companies in Asia are turning to market intelligence for input into their strategic management system and decision making. The marketing intelligence cycle typically consists of directing, collecting, compiling, cataloguing, analysing and communicating data. The processing stage of intelligence gathering is the critical stage where the raw material is recorded and analyzed. In this article we use the SWOT framework for the analysis of a manufacturing industry - the lawn mower. This case illustrates how market intelligence could be used as an important and effective instrument for management planning, implementation and control.
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Marketing intelligence & planning 17 (1999), S. 127-135 
    ISSN: 0263-4503
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Reports the results of a survey of marketing managers with respect to the importance of telecommunications issues and the quality of their telecommunications training. The responses of the marketing managers identified three categories of issues: standard or clerical applications, such as e-mail or voice mail; advanced applications, such as conducting business on the Internet and EDI; and managerial and technical issues, such as the use of telecommunications to gain a competitive advantage. Surprisingly, marketing managers rated the standard applications as the most important. The explanation was found in the quality of their training. Marketing managers expressed major dissatisfaction with all areas of telecommunications training, but especially in the advanced applications and managerial issues. Rather than placing emphasis on the strategic, more training effort was spent on telecommunications training in the clerical functions. Without knowledge about the advanced or cutting-edge applications, marketing managers do not understand the potential of these applications and issues in the organization.
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 17 (1999), S. 353-367 
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper considers the development of national and international standards for valuers. Examines in outline the variations in market practice arising from variations in law, culture and custom while noting the general acceptance internationally of the underlying meaning of "market value".
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Property management 17 (1999), S. 336-352 
    ISSN: 0263-7472
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The importance of local government within the UK has never been stronger, and this has direct implications as to the most appropriate method of financing this level of government. The council tax in Great Britain and traditional domestic rates in Northern Ireland represent the two primary sources of local government finance based on domestic property, which currently require significant reform. Weaknesses of the existing systems include the lack of buoyancy due to infrequent revaluations, horizontal and vertical inequities and the need to ensure that domestic property tax systems are seen to be fair. The paper makes a number of important recommendations which would enhance the acceptability and ultimately improve the operation of these forms of ad valorem taxation.
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 244-257 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Recent work concerning the effects of time on group behavior suggests that individuals' time-oriented behaviors may act as a catalyst or pacing mechanism for subsequent group behaviors. Other work suggests that group polychronic behavior (the group's performance of multiple tasks simultaneously) has significant effects on both individual and group outcomes. In this paper, we examine the relationship between individuals' time-oriented behavior and group-level polychronic behavior. Based on results from a laboratory simulation involving 26 small groups, we conclude that the presence of time-urgent group members increases group-level monochronic (versus polychronic) behavior and has a positive effect on groups' primary task activity.
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 526-544 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Emerging in the literature on organizational design is the question of the efficacy of self-managed work groups. From task-forces and matrix prescriptions of the 1970s, imperatives towards de-centralization, networked capabilities and self-managed teams seem to be part of the IT-driven prescriptions emanating from contemporary re-structuring and social re-engineering of workplaces. This article explores some interesting dysfunctionality dynamics of corporate "citizenship" behaviour in de-centralized contexts and suggests the necessity to study, in some further depth, the unquestioned virtues of self-regulated and de-centralized teams. As the article implies, cultural engineering, leadership dynamics and complex motivation/citizenship behaviour within such organized settings also require critical re-examination.
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 65-84 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A number of studies in the international marketing literature have focused on the identification and discussion of differences across nations and cultures. Unfortunately, the majority of these investigations focus on existing differences without addressing which of these differences have the potential to substantially affect international operations or how to make comparisons within a framework which allows some measure of flexibility across nations and cultures. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to develop and measure the national identify of several different cultures in order to establish a means by which similarities and differences can be placed into a practically applicable context for international marketing decision making; and (2) to establish initial generalizable national identity norms for making broad cross-cultural/cross-national comparisons. The results based on a five-country sample (i.e. the USA, Mexico, Japan, Sweden and Hong Kong) show that, within the theoretical framework of national identity it is possible to identify such differences. Implications for both academic research as well as managerial decision making in an international marketing context are presented.
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 108-126 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Presents the results of a survey conducted among 194 retail salesmen of electronic equipment and 190 male consumers. According to salesmen, country of origin is a much less important attribute for shoppers of video-cassette recorders and themselves than brand reputation. For the purpose of comparison, both salesmen and consumers provided direct evaluative judgements of 13 countries on their design and assembly capabilities, of three VCR brands and of the quality and purchase value of nine VCR conjoint profiles varying systematically with respect to country of design, country of assembly, brand, price and warranty. Salesmen's direct importance weights were found to differ greatly from conjoint derived weights in that, in the latter case, country of origin cues had a significant and, with regard to quality perceptions, greater impact than the other attributes. Multiple regression models relating the direct perceptions of the countries of origin to brand evaluations indicate that the nesting of country perceptions in brand evaluation may partly explain this apparent inconsistency.
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 143-168 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Export information acquisition has mostly been examined disparately as researchers have tended to focus on certain modes of information acquisition independently of others. Furthermore, past studies have typically employed single-item measures to operationalize information acquisition. The present study attempts to redress these deficiencies by considering a comprehensive set of export information acquisition modes and by developing psychometrically sound measures for each. The results show the adequacy of considering three broad export information acquisition modes (export marketing research, export assistance, and export market intelligence), each of which is operationalized by means of a multi-item scale. The latter are shown to be reliable and to possess content, convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity.
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 182-201 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Deals with the relationship between cultural closeness and cultural affinity. The basis of the research is that a correlation exists between the level of affinity (or "liking") executives feel for a foreign culture, and the extent to which they feel psychologically close to that culture. Findings indicate a moderate level of correlation between cultural closeness and cultural liking (r = 0.4048, p = 0.0000), which would suggest that cultural closeness is a contributory element to psychic closeness. Looks at the concept of psychic distance, examining the component elements. It then details the empirical research on which the conclusions are based, explaining how a sample of industry executives was identified, and how the research was carried out. Concludes with an overview of culture as an element of distance in international business, and makes some suggestions for pre-departure executive training.
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    International marketing review 16 (1999), S. 216-230 
    ISSN: 0265-1335
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Over the past 15 years, firms have entered increasingly into international strategic alliances, often with a partner firm in the same business in order to accelerate market growth. However, limited empirical attention has been devoted to this alternative means of organizing international marketing strategy. The purpose of this case study of the pan-European BP-Mobil collaboration is to provide readers interested in international co-marketing alliances with insights into organizational problems and likely success impediments germane to these business entities. In this context, the extent to which the singular BP-Mobil experience complies with criteria underpinned by the two important perspectives on the effectiveness of these phenomena, namely, symbiotic marketing and inter-organizational exchange behavior, is examined. With BP-Mobil already showing strong signs of success, certain important lessons can be learned by business practitioners.
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 358-373 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: As competitive pressures mount, firms are attempting to do more with less - and far more quickly. They are downsizing, using teams, and pushing the time to market. These trends promote polychronic behavior in that they require additional variety in the tasks, activities, and roles that individuals must handle simultaneously. Although evidence suggests that creativity and polychronic preferences are positively related, demands for polychronic behavior appear to be defeating - and resisted - in creative venues such as R&D. This paper addresses this apparent disjunction by focusing on the definition of polychronicity, emphasizing the critical role of agency and the need to count as activities the not particularly visible workings of the mind. The paper proposes, in part, that among creative workers, individual creativity is more related to polychronicity than to monochronicity. Further, volition will play a moderating role in that the relationship between creative performance and either chronicity will be stronger the higher personal agency is in choosing tasks and schedules.
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 374-387 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: To examine the relationship between monochronic work behavior (behavior that minimizes interruptions on the job) and Type A behavior, 147 faculty members of a midsized private university responded to a set of questionnaires which measured monochronic work behaviors, Type A behavior, job-induced stress, research productivity, and number of working projects. Type A behavior was significantly and positively correlated with monochronic behaviors - in other words, Type As were more likely to use behavioral strategies that reduced polychronic thought. Type A and monochronic behaviors were also significantly correlated with job-induced stress and number of publications. Contrary to the hypothesis, Type A and monochronic behaviors were also positively and significantly correlated with number of working projects.
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 404-420 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This article reports on the development and assessment of a customized executive education experience, designed for the managers of a large financial services organization. It was designed to incorporate many of the desirable outcomes of "action learning" such as organizational impact and sustainability, while being more parsimonious in the involvement of senior executives and, in a single-period design, in the time intensity of participant involvement. A total of 542 managers who participated in the program, over a four year period, were surveyed concerning the effectiveness of the program. Hypotheses are developed and the results examined to determine whether participants believed that the value of their learning diminished over time, the effects of demographic characteristics, and the extent to which the sharing of the learning and support of organizational colleagues affected participants' perception of the program's effectiveness. Results reveal less degradation over time than anticipated, and more powerful influence by subordinates, in sustaining learning.
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 502-511 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The success of contemporary structures relies on the personal competence of managers. This can imply a significant change in the attitudes and behaviour of individual managers. Personal development, a process that aims to help individuals learn about and change their style and approach, has consequently become an important feature of management development for many organisations. But personal development does not always achieve lasting and significant change. Development with ambitious objectives demands a particular process incorporating four essential prerequisites: a focus on the development of meta-abilities; a period of discomfort, where inappropriate behaviours can be examined and "unlearned"; a focused "transition" which moves the individual towards the most pertinent of objectives; an understanding of how these abilities are used in the context of an organisational agenda. A process used on programmes at a leading European business school based on these components is described.
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Journal of managerial psychology 14 (1999), S. 545-557 
    ISSN: 0268-3946
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Psychologie , Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Stress has been largely addressed from an individual perspective yet a strategic initiative on stress can only be achieved by understanding stress as part of the fabric of organisation life. Organisation membership and work require psychological adaptations by individuals in order to accommodate the demands of the organisation. The organisation develops mechanisms for protecting individuals from psychological disturbance and the individual adapts to the organisation. Organisation change will raise some of the concerns that have been kept unconscious by the adaptation process. This requires that psychological adaptation be re-worked. However, in the new employment age, employees will need to be more mature and autonomous. This requires that different processes be adopted. A model is presented that provides insight into the adaptation process at three levels, including unconscious adaptation, an understanding of which will be necessary to address stress in the future.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 22-31 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: This study aimed to examine in detail the underlying factors which affect visual texture perception based on existing sensory methodology. The visual properties of dairy dessert samples were manipulated via a full factorial design, with four factors, screened from a fractional design of eight factors. Fifteen assessors, trained solely in visual profiling based on the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA)1 method, analysed 16 formulations of mousse dessert products over ten visual texture attributes. The visual profile data were examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA), principal component analysis (PCA) and generalised Procrustes analysis (GPA) methods. ANOVA results showed that cream levels significantly affected all the visual textures (p 〈 0.05). It was also found that levels of blue colourant significantly affected the perception of creaminess (p 〈 0.05). The results suggest the possibilities of food formulators producing detectable variation in visual texture parameters which may subsequently affect quality perception in chilled dairy dessert products.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 132-147 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The food retailing loyalty scheme is one of the marketing phenomena of the 1990s with most of the major supermarket multiples now having a customer loyalty card scheme. Consumers reciprocate by possessing loyalty cards - there are 40 million such cards in circulation. By knowing what individual consumers buy, the food retailer should be able to target them with relevant offers whilst the consumer saves money in the process. The dilemma for the consumer is one of cheaper shopping on the one hand and privacy invasion on the other because they reveal details about themselves every time they let their purchases at the checkout be matched with their data file via the loyalty card. The dilemma for supermarkets is whether loyalty schemes create truly loyal relationships or whether they are merely sales promotions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 190-201 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: The paper reports the findings of a study of two major companies in the UK food supply and distribution industry to assess the relevance of total quality management (TQM). The focus of the research was two case studies of major organisations which are considered to be representative of the industry. Examination of the academic literature found little work linking TQM and the industry. The study confirms the applicability of TQM in the food supply and distribution industry. The list of TQM characteristics identified are not dissimilar to those in other industries. However, as part of the service sectors, there is a requirement of organisationds in this business sector to be highly focused on customer needs and changes in market trends.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 229-238 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Manufacturing methods of white mineral oils are described, together with a summary of their major use areas. Recent toxicological studies using white mineral oils of various categories are covered. A summary of the current acceptable daily intake levels for such substances is included.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 63
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 201-228 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Ethnic identity or the retention or loss of the attitudes, values and behaviours of one's culture of origin is presented as a multidimensional construct. It is further suggested that acculturation or the acquisition of traits of the dominant/host culture constitutes a separate yet correlated process. Initial exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on responses from Italian-Canadians to various items designed to tap Italian ethnic identity. These analyses revealed that ethnic identity did indeed constitute a multidimensional process. Specifically, three dimensions were ide.pngied: Italian social interaction and participation, Italian language use with family members, and Catholicism. A final CFA model incorporated the three ethnic identity dimensions and two dimensions of acculturation. Consistent with previous findings, LISREL VIII estimation resulted in significant negative correlations between some ethnic identity and acculturation dimensions. The discriminant validity of ethnic identity was also more thoroughly established vis--vis acculturation by computing 95 per cent confidence intervals for the parameter estimates. Finally, subsequent stepwise regression analyses showed that the three ethnic identity dimensions along with the two acculturation dimensions and three socio-economic factors had differential impacts on the consumption of various convenience and traditional foods. A hypothesis holding that ethnic identity was negatively related to the consumption of convenience foods was partly confirmed. Another holding that it was positively related to the consumption of traditional Italian foods was better established.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 238-254 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: In June 1996, Leatherhead Food Research Association launched the "Food and Drinks Industry Benchmarking and Self-Assessment Initiative" with the support of the Department of Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. As part of this initiative, nine food companies that excel in terms of the European Business Excellence Model were selected for visits. This paper reports on the best practices used by these companies in terms of the results they have achieved (in people satisfaction, customer satisfaction, impact on society and business results) and the way in which they have achieved them (through effective leadership, people management, policy and strategy, process management and resource management). For the food industry to move forward, it needs to take on board the best practices shown in this report. In particular, more food companies should consider using self-assessment as a method for identifying improvement opportunities and assessing their progress towards business excellence.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 461-468 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: In 1996, capital was raised to launch a Pepsi-Cola production line in war-torn Tajikistan. Production capacity was 6,000 bottles per hour, in a country experiencing a painful transition to a market economy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 66
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 479-484 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: This case is about a small firm which has been given the opportunity to become a bottler for Coca-Cola in Vietnam. The case addresses competition and product positioning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 456-462 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: This case is about a small bottling plant which until recently operated in a protected market. Recently, foreign players such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi have appeared, eager to engulf little players. S. David is under attack, but he had a competitive advantage in a niche market.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 468-478 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Turkish and Kyrgyz investors linked up to introduce Coca-Cola to the Kyrgyz Republic. However, the Kyrgyz people are very traditional, and the future of Coca-Cola, in this market, will be a function of marketing efforts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 488-490 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Two entrepreneurs, Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield, had great success with their Ben & Jerry's ice cream in the USA. Their first attempt at internationalisation, however, was a failure. While international markets offered opportunities, Ben and Jerry realised that risks were also inherent in foreign markets. The purpose of this case is to stimulate thought about internationalisation and about franchising as a means to expand abroad.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    British food journal 101 (1999), S. 490-492 
    ISSN: 0007-070X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: A neighbourhood fast-food outlet in Istanbul focuses on two target markets, tourists and locals. This case is an exercise in market segmentation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 28 (1999), S. 58-76 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This paper compares the immediate impact of an outdoor management development programme run in two different formats. The original OMD programme which was evaluated had a competitive format with individuals participating in teams on a variety of outdoor challenges in order to develop personal team-working skills. On each activity the teams were awarded points depending on how successful they were judged to have been, so that one team "won" and one team "lost". Evaluation of this programme indicated that those in losing teams felt they had learned less from the experience compared to those in winning teams. In consequence, the format of the programme was changed so that the competition between the teams was abolished. Evaluation results indicated a much more positive impact for all participants. These results are discussed in terms of how the different programme formats encouraged different types of review processes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 28 (1999), S. 108-123 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A number of research findings have suggested that managers are, in general, more satisfied with their jobs than are workers. This study aims to investigate the job satisfaction of academics and their managers, and to find out whether academics who hold managerial positions are, on the whole, more satisfied with their jobs than academics who do not hold similar administrative posts. The study found that university teachers are fairly satisfied with their jobs, although there are aspects of their jobs from which they derive some dissatisfaction. Using a statistical test of differences, it was found that academics and their managers differ significantly on the levels of satisfaction which they derive from most aspects of their jobs. Sources of these differences are identified, and the general conclusion is that management position, characterised by seniority in age, rank, and length of service, affects university teachers' level of job satisfaction positively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 28 (1999), S. 91-107 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Despite a promising outlook in the 1970s, it has been claimed that human resource costing and accounting have progressed at something less than snail's pace over the past two decades. This is largely due to difficulties in the application of the concept. In this article several extant studies regarding the application of HRCA are classified and exemplified. The idea is to increase our knowledge of how implementation of the concept could be achieved from a management control perspective. Most managers in the majority of studies hold very positive attitudes towards HRCA, but the integration of HRCA in the management control process has never been really attained. In seven Swedish case studies, the inhibiting factors in the implementation process of HRCA are compared. The lesson is that training, information, reward, target setting and cultural systems have to be worked actively to overcome inhibiting factors when trying to implement HRCA. Efforts should focus on: (1) knowledge of human resource costs, values and outcomes as well as how to calculate these; (2) top management demand as well as other elements in the reward system; (3) HRCA target setting; and (4) openness for change.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bingley : Emerald
    Personnel review 28 (1999), S. 134-151 
    ISSN: 0048-3486
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The first part of a larger study into organisations' use of structured interviewing techniques. Discusses reasons for continued popularity of interviewing in selection, despite its shortcomings. Considers the use of two structured interviewing techniques to improve selection: behavioural and situational questioning. Presents the findings of a large scale survey of UK organisations' use of these techniques. The use of structured interviewing is rapidly increasing and is used by all sizes of organisation. Behavioural interviewing is being used more than situational interviewing, and many respondents use both techniques. Structured techniques are most commonly used for management posts. Discusses links with competency based HRM and roles of line managers and HR specialists in selection. Areas for further research are outlined.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 128-144 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Previous research has highlighted the trend that ACAS advice has long been held in high esteem by both employers and employees alike. A study of small to medium sized manufacturing establishments in Renfrewshire, Scotland, suggests that employers prefer partial advice as opposed to impartial advice. Instead they may turn to alternative bodies other than ACAS which have the ability to offer employee relations "support", which is beyond the remit of ACAS. In light of limited resources due to funding constraints, the implications for the provision of ACAS advice are examined in relation to alternative bodies offering employee relations help.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 418-429 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The rise of large out-of-town stores has received attention in terms of concern about the viability of town centres and local businesses and the environmental consequences of the increased car journeys generated by this change in shopping practices. This article explores whether the competitive pressures which small retailers are under have affected their employee relations. It is based on interviews with owner managers of butchers, greengrocers and newsagent shops in one location. Owner managers had different assessments of the nature of the competition they were facing and how they might continue to have a viable business. However, approaches to recruitment and selection and staff allocation seemed to have more to do with the limited labour market and the personal nature of the employment relationship than the approach taken to competition. Low wages, long hours and limited training remained the dominant features of both successful and unsuccessful businesses.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 485-499 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Labour flexibility is a central theme of management's rhetoric in Greece. At the same time the securing of greater flexibility has been identified by policy makers as a central component of industrial relations reform. In spite of this endowing of flexibility with major significance there is a marked absence of empirical data indicating the growth of flexibility at the Greek workplace. This paper entails an examination of the extent to which private companies in Greece have adopted crucial aspects of flexibility such as decentralized bargaining, pay, working time and employee participation. Our research analyzed management data from a survey of 22 manufacturing establishments and compares them with relevant European data. Main findings indicate a considerable gap between rhetoric and flexibility implementation in actual practice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 556-576 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This article highlights the fact that in an attempt to cope with the turbulence and hostility which characterize their operating environments, many public sector organizations have embarked upon far-reaching programmes of unsettling strategic change. These programmes often exhibit features of disintegration. Additionally they are frequently formulated by senior managers in isolation from organizational members, who are then expected to implement them without question or consultation. This article argues that such approaches to change management are unlikely to bring about the desired transformation. Rather, using a case study of one public sector organization in the Republic of Ireland, it is argued that organizations are more likely to experience the required metamorphosis where the change commences at the periphery and is led by relatively junior front line staff, with senior management practitioners acting as facilitators of organizational transformation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 267-284 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: A key characteristic of small business service firms is their capacity to draw on similar businesses or self-employed professionals in order to compete with large organisations. This paper presents a qualitative account of the ways in which three small firms from the business services sector managed the critical relationship with associates. The rationale, recruitment and management of associates is explored. It is argued that "matching" approaches that suggest an easy alignment between the firms' competitive strategy and use of associates fail to appreciate tensions inherent in the relationship. Rather, relations between such enterprises and associates have to be managed in a manner that recognises the particular expectations of the parties, the dynamics of "in-house" work relations, and the often conflicting pressures occasioned by having to operate in a dynamic and unpredictable market environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The Government appointed a Low Pay Commission to advise on the level of the initial rate, and subsequently accepted all the Commission's recommendations in principle, while taking a more cautious line on young workers. The National Minimum Wage will make a real difference to around two million low-paid workers, but without significant extra cost to businesses - an addition of around 0.6 per cent to the UK wage bill. Some critics have argued for a higher initial rate, based on a mechanistic formula. But a rate which takes no account of prevailing economic circumstances or the dynamic nature of the labour market will not help low-paid workers. It is also important to listen to employees and employers, the low paid and the low paying and reflect their views. The Low Pay Commission, which embodies the principles of social partnership, played a key role in this process.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 80-95 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Explores recent expressions of support by employers for the importance of training in creating business success. Argues that this change in posture cannot be explained in terms of a growing recognition of the weaknesses of the labour force in intermediate-level skills, because the new focus is on personal development, self-management and "correct" attitudes rather than technical skills. Shows that while the changes in the valuation of training are consistent with Anglo-Saxon notions of business management, they are more reflective of attempts to reshape the employer-employee relationship. Observes that competitive pressures on organizations over the last 20 years have undermined traditional expectations of career opportunity and job security. This context has created the conditions under which this emphasis on normative training helps in the development of a new kind of psychological contract based on a rhetoric of partnership. Concludes that employers' discovery of training is more about finding ways to secure employee commitment in uncertain times than about transforming skill levels.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 159-176 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Human Resource Management in the literature has been considered a second- or third-order strategy largely related to implementation. Argues that the process of strategy formulation and evaluation has not been correctly conceptualised. The evidence that HR issues are fundamental to business is compelling at the level of unit labour costs, but whether they are fundamental to the strategy process has remained highly questionable. The paper suggests that a favourable HR environment has to be established before the various strategic choices can be analysed. Empirical research in two UK oil and chemical companies provides evidence that the effect of HR issues on corporate strategy is understated. The assumption of a top-down, linear model of strategy formulation, whether positionally- or resource-based, is questioned and an alternative conception is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 236-250 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: The article summarises findings from recent case study research into recruitment in small firms. The research aims to ascertain whether small firms follow the procedures outlined in the prescriptive literature on recruitment, and to what extent they rely on informal recruitment methods. It finds little evidence of the adoption of the recommended systematic procedures and a high use of "tried and trusted" methods including word-of-mouth recruitment and the hiring of "known quantities". The implications of this are examined. While these methods have certain advantages, they may also give rise to a number of problems. The study argues that the adoption of more formal procedures and methods could reduce staff turnover in small firms and its associated costs. However, it concludes that many small employers would remain unconvinced by the case for opening up recruitment channels, and may find their existing approaches more cost effective in the short term.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 311-325 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Industrial relations in small firms, when they are defined in terms of their employment size, are generally described as harmonious. Industrial relations in small firms operating in the Australian information industry are explored in this paper, as are reasons for those industrial relations. Although the study reported here can be used to support the "small is beautiful" view, this ignores the fact that industrial relations in large firms in this industry are not greatly different. How size affects industrial relations in one small firm is examined and it is proposed that, on its own, size does not provide an adequate explanation for industrial relations in small firms in the Australian information industry.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 378-388 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Under the European Union's 1977 Acquired Rights Directive, workers transferred to another employer can expect the majority of their original terms and conditions of employment to be protected and changes made without consultation can constitute constructive unfair dismissal. Confusion over the application of the directive greatly affected the introduction of compulsory competitive tendering to the provision of local authority services in the UK. Many of the issues remain unresolved and will cause problems as compulsory competitive tendering is replaced by the duty on authorities to "achieve best value". This article seeks to clarify the position for employers by reviewing the most recent case law from both British and European courts.
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 430-436 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This case study narrates the experience of a medium-sized UK manufacturing company in setting up and running a manufacturing plant in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. It details how features of the social organisation of production, the human resource policies and the management practices of the UK parent company were successfully transferred and adapted to the unique labour market and business environment encountered in mainland China. The study concludes by reviewing two major challenges that directly lie ahead for the company.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 500-508 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Previous studies have examined the impact of gender on training opportunities, but only within the context of Western societies. This study explores the effect of gender on access to company training in Taiwanese high-tech firms. It finds that although males enjoy a slight advantage over females in obtaining training, there are no significant gender-based differences. Females in Taiwan appeared to be more successful in accessing company training than their counterparts in the USA and the UK. Higher labour-market status is offered as a potential reason for such relative success. Consistent with human capital theory, a direct relationship is found to exist between seniority and the probability of receiving training.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Employee relations 21 (1999), S. 577-589 
    ISSN: 0142-5455
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: This article explores the relationship between an Australian financial institution's training programme and its commercial fortunes, in particular its mix of technical skills and social skills training. In this industry, price and product differentiation are limited, and customer service is the principal determinant of competitive advantage. Social skills training should theoretically be crucial to gaining competitive advantage. This study involved interviews with the bank's state and national managers, observations of different types of training courses and analysis of training programme documentation. It was found that during periods of intense pressure from the marketplace, managerial perceptions and budgetary constraints placed a higher priority on technical skills training over social skills training. This had significant implications for employees' personal and career development in internal and external labour markets.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 17-25 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: The flexibility of a robot system comes from its ability to be programmed. How the robot is programmed is a main concern of all robot users. A good mechanical arm can be underutilized if it is too difficult to program. The introduction of the Universal Robot Controller™ (URC) has made the possibility of a standard, easy to use, robot programming language a reality. The URC is an open-architecture, PC-based robot controller. It will work with virtually any robot and gives the user increased flexibility and capabilities over the standard OEM controllers. The URC uses Windows NT as its operating system. The URC is the ideal platform for a universal robot programming language, RobotScript. It allows one robot language to run all robots in a factory.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 90
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Currently, academic as well as industrial research investigates the design of social skills for a robot, which could facilitate the robot's interaction with humans. Work in this area pointed out three important abilities required by the robot, namely the capacity for communicating, for learning and for imitating. The work presented in this paper integrates these three aspects by building robots capable of learning a language through the observation and imitation of a teacher agent. This paper presents DRAMA, an artificial neural network architecture which allows on-line learning of spatio-temporal regularities and time series in a robot's sequence of perceptions. The model has been implemented in a number of experiments, using wheeled robots, in which the robot learned the topography of its environment relative to fixed landmarks. This paper presents the latest implementation of the model in Robota, a doll robot, which is taught a synthetic proto-language.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 115-120 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Reports on the exhibits and exhibitors at Manufacturing Week, which took place at the NEC, 10-12 November 1998. It reveals that machine vision is the major attraction at the show with over a quarter of the exhibitors exhibiting activity in this area. A number of the companies who offer turnkey systems are highlighted; some include vision as an element in their systems while others are totally dedicated to application of the technology. The emphasis in the article is on applications with the predominance being for inspection. Brief case studies are given of inspecting automotive switches, a contact lens line, robot grinding of propellers and a seat belt retractor assembly system. Some new products are also described including a "control free" junction for Bosch twin belt pallet conveyors and compact fast camera with integral image acquisition and processing electronics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 184-187 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Discusses the requirement for teleoperation and the optimum division of tasks between the human operator and the robot controller. Concludes that a combination of adaptive autonomous control with teleoperation will allow operators to take a more supervisory role.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 209-215 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: This article outlines some of the recent telepresence and teleoperation work being carried out in the Transparent Telepresence Research Group at the University of Strathclyde. Teleoperation work involving remotely operated vehicles, remote sensor platforms, and remote manipulators is described. The implementation of head slaved monoscopic and stereoscopic camera platforms, binaural microphone and pinnae systems, and image and audio processing with integrated virtual reality is discussed. The most recent medium for long distance communication used by the group has been, uniquely, cellular mobile phone technology. The implications of using this very low bit-rate communication method are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 274-279 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Describes general considerations for the design of robots for use in the food industry and gives application examples for food handling and bag packing. Also discusses gripper designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 342-348 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Highlights the investment made by Rover for the launch of its new executive car, the Rover 75. Discusses the reasoning behind the building of a completely new factory on the existing Oxford site that has double the output capacity of the one it replaces. It also has a much better quality potential, is very flexible and is designed for minimal environmental impact. Particular attention is given in the article to the new body-in-white facility, which sets new standards in robot automation and in the layout. These enable the plant to provide high productivity with a high degree of flexibility while meeting world-class expectations equal to those of Rover's owners, BMW.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 358-360 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Describes the robotization of the Japanese automotive industry. The automotive industry is still the major segment of the industrial robot market in Japan. At the moment, however, annual shipments of industrial robots to the industry are at only 60 per cent of the peak in 1991. This reflects the struggling Japanese economy and low capital investment in domestic car production. Robot applications in car production processes seem to have reached saturation. No new big applications can be expected. Prompt recovery is unlikely.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 377-388 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Automating the welding process for the shipbuilding industry is very challenging and important, as this industry relies heavily on quality welds. Conventional robotic welding systems are seldom used because the welding tasks in shipyards are characterised by non-standardised workpieces which are large but small in batch sizes. Furthermore, geometries and locations of the workpieces are uncertain. To tackle the problem, a Ship Welding Robot System (SWERS) has been developed for the welding process. The main features of the SWERS include a special teaching procedure that allows the human user to teach the robot welding paths at a much easier and faster pace. In addition, operation of the system is made easier through a custom designed man-machine interface. Through this interface, only a few buttons need to be pressed to command the robot into different modes. Optimised welding parameters can be selected from a large database through a Graphical User Interface system.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 451-455 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Free navigation in indoor environments is one of the main enabling technologies for many service robot applications. Siemens has developed SINAS, a navigation system which currently is primarily targeted towards cleaning robot applications. Its suitability for tough everyday operation has been successfully demonstrated since August 1996 on several occasions, e.g. in several chain store supermarkets. The paper discusses the main requirements of a navigation system for cleaning robots, presents the structure and main features of the SINAS system, and reports experiences and results from the field tests.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 466-475 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: This paper presents new prototype powered wheelchair systems that are easy to use and safe. The systems use simple ultrasonic sensor systems to assist users in steering their powered wheelchairs. The new systems could improve the chances of some disabled children learning that behaviour and interaction with the environment can be controlled. An overview of the benefits to be offered by an automated wheelchair is included. Some results, problems and difficulties are described along with an assessment of the current position and the way forward.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bradford : Emerald
    Industrial robot 26 (1999), S. 476-484 
    ISSN: 0143-991X
    Quelle: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Notizen: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a cost-effective alternative to the open surgery whereby essentially the same operations are performed using specialized instruments designed to fit into the body through several tiny punctures instead of one large incision. The EndoBots (Endoscopic Robots) described here are designed for collaborative operation between the surgeon and the robotic device. The surgeon can program the device to be operated completely manually, collaboratively where motion of the robotic device in certain directions is under computer control and in others under manual surgeon control, or autonomously where the complete device is under computer control. Furthermore, the robotic tools can be quickly changed from a robotic docking station, allowing different robotic tools to be used in an operation.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
    BibTip Andere fanden auch interessant ...
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