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  • 1
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  EPIC3Physical Review Letters, American Physical Society (APS), 130(18), pp. 188401-188401, ISSN: 0031-9007
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-05
    Beschreibung: It has been postulated that the brain operates in a self-organized critical state that brings multiple benefits, such as optimal sensitivity to input. Thus far, self-organized criticality has typically been depicted as a one-dimensional process, where one parameter is tuned to a critical value. However, the number of adjustable parameters in the brain is vast, and hence critical states can be expected to occupy a high-dimensional manifold inside a high-dimensional parameter space. Here, we show that adaptation rules inspired by homeostatic plasticity drive a neuro-inspired network to drift on a critical manifold, where the system is poised between inactivity and persistent activity. During the drift, global network parameters continue to change while the system remains at criticality.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Materialart: Article , isiRev
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  • 2
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    In:  EPIC3Physical Review E, American Physical Society (APS), 105(4), pp. 044310-044310, ISSN: 2470-0045
    Publikationsdatum: 2023-12-05
    Beschreibung: Current questions in ecology revolve around instabilities in the dynamics on spatial networks and particularly the effect of node heterogeneity. We extend the master stability function formalism to inhomogeneous biregular networks having two types of spatial nodes. Notably, this class of systems also allows the investigation of certain types of dynamics on higher-order networks. Combined with the generalized modeling approach to study the linear stability of steady states, this is a powerful tool to numerically asses the stability of large ensembles of systems. We analyze the stability of ecological metacommunities with two distinct types of habitats analytically and numerically in order to identify several sets of conditions under which the dynamics can become stabilized by dispersal. Our analytical approach allows general insights into stabilizing and destabilizing effects in metapopulations. Specifically, we identify self-regulation and negative feedback loops between source and sink populations as stabilizing mechanisms and we show that maladaptive dispersal may be stable under certain conditions.
    Repository-Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
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  • 3
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): F. Buccella We assume that the two hidden charm pentaquark states discovered at L H C b are built from three light quarks and a c c ¯ pair. Further assumed is that the three light quarks and the c c ¯ pair are both in colour octet states. Thus, for the final J P = 5 2 + state, the three light quarks and the c c ¯ pair are in... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 114011] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 4
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): H. Bahtiyar, K. U. Can, G. Erkol, M. Oka, and T. T. Takahashi We evaluate the spin- 3 / 2 → spin − 1 / 2 electromagnetic transitions of the doubly charmed baryons on 2 + 1 flavor, 3 2 3 × 64 PACS-CS lattices with a pion mass of 156 ( 9 )     MeV / c 2 . A relativistic heavy quark action is employed to minimize the associated systematic errors on charm-quark observables. We extract the... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 114505] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Lattice field theories, lattice QCD
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  • 5
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Dorota M. Grabowska, Tom Melia, and Surjeet Rajendran Current dark matter detection strategies are based on the assumption that the dark matter is a gas of noninteracting particles with a reasonably large number density. This picture is dramatically altered if there are significant self-interactions within the dark sector, potentially resulting in the ... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 115020] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Beyond the standard model
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  • 6
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): C. S. Kim, G. López Castro, and Dibyakrupa Sahoo Anomalies in several short-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments suggest the possible existence of sterile neutrinos at about the eV scale that have appreciable mixing with the three known neutrinos. We find that if such a light sterile neutrino exists, through a combined study of the leptonic d... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 115021] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Beyond the standard model
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  • 7
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Pavel A. Volkov and Sergej Moroz We consider the stability of nodal surfaces in fermionic band systems with respect to the Coulomb repulsion. It is shown that nodal surfaces at the Fermi level are gapped out at low temperatures due to emergent particle-hole orders. Energy dispersion of the nodal surface suppresses the instability t... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 241107(R)] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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  • 8
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Tao Liu, James Jun He, and Franco Nori (野理) Conventional n -dimensional topological superconductors (TSCs) have protected gapless ( n − 1 ) -dimensional boundary states. In contrast to this, second-order TSCs are characterized by topologically protected gapless ( n − 2 ) -dimensional states with the usual gapped ( n − 1 ) boundaries. Here, we study a second... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 245413] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
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  • 9
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Xiancong Lu and D. Sénéchal We investigate parity-mixing superconductivity in the two-dimensional Hubbard model with Rashba spin-orbit coupling, using cellular dynamical mean-field theory (CDMFT). A superconducting state with mixed singlet d -wave and triplet p -wave character is found in a wide range of doping. The singlet comp... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 245118] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Electronic structure and strongly correlated systems
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  • 10
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Binod K. Rai et al. New experiments reveal anomalous metamagnetic transitions in single crystals of YbRh 3 Si 7 , likely arising from competition between the crystal’s highly anisotropic electric field and magnetic exchange interactions. [Phys. Rev. X 8, 041047] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 2160-3308
    Thema: Physik
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  • 11
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Rafael D. Schulman and Kari Dalnoki-Veress Researchers can change the shape of a liquid drop by placing it between two stretched elastic films, allowing the drop to be used as a tiny adjustable lens. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 248004] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Polymer, Soft Matter, Biological, Climate, and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Digitale ISSN: 1079-7114
    Thema: Physik
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  • 12
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Jing Luo and Gia-Wei Chern We present an extensive numerical study of a type of frustrated itinerant magnetism on the pyrochlore lattice. In this theory, the pyrochlore magnet can be viewed as a cross-linking network of Kondo or double-exchange chains. Contrary to models based on Mott insulators, this itinerant magnetism appr... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 214423] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetism
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  • 13
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Jie Wang and Yuxiang Mo The isotope effect and the g − u symmetry in the HD predissociation have been studied by detecting the H ( 2 s ) , H ( 2 p ) , D ( 2 s ) , and D ( 2 p ) fragments. For transitions to the 3 p π D 1 Π u + ( υ = 4 ) , 4 p π D ′ 1 Π u + ( υ = 1 ) , and 4 p σ B ′ ′ 1 Σ u + ( υ = 2 ) states of HD, the branching ratios of the four dissociation channels, H ( 2 s ) + D ( 1 s ) , ... [Phys. Rev. A 98, 062509] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Atomic and molecular structure and dynamics ; high-precision measurements
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Digitale ISSN: 1094-1622
    Thema: Physik
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  • 14
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Stefan Hartung, Felix Sommer, Simeon Völkel, Johannes Schönke, and Ingo Rehberg The magnetic field of a cuboidal cluster of eight magnetic spheres is measured. It decays with the inverse seventh power of the distance. This corresponds formally to a multipole named a dotriacontapole. This strong decay is explained on the basis of dipole-dipole interaction and the symmetry of the... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 214424] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetism
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  • 15
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): T. Rząca-Urban, W. Urban, M. Czerwiński, J. Wiśniewski, A. Blanc, H. Faust, M. Jentschel, P. Mutti, U. Köster, T. Soldner, G. de France, G. S. Simpson, and C. A. Ur The main goal of this work is the determination of spins and parities of excited states in Zr 97 , among others the 2264.3-keV level, which had previously been tentatively reported as the 11 / 2 − excitation corresponding to the h 11 / 2 neutron orbital. Low-spin excited states in Zr 97 were populated via th... [Phys. Rev. C 98, 064315] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Structure
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-490X
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  • 16
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Jasmine Brewer, Swagato Mukherjee, Krishna Rajagopal, and Yi Yin Near a critical point in a phase diagram, certain observables show characteristic fluctuations. The authors qualitatively predict how such fluctuations depend on the rapidity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, and thereby present a distinctive observable to search for the critical endpoint in the QCD phase diagram. This is particularly relevant to the coming low-beam-energy scan at RHIC. [Phys. Rev. C 98, 061901(R)] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Relativistic Nuclear Collisions
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  • 17
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Hai-Yang Cheng and Yan-Liang Shi The lifetimes of doubly charmed hadrons are analyzed within the framework of the heavy quark expansion (HQE). Lifetime differences arise from spectator effects such as W -exchange and Pauli interference. The Ξ c c + + baryon is longest-lived in the doubly charmed baryon system owing to the destructive Pa... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 113005] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Electroweak interactions
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  • 18
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): G. Kramer and H. Spiesberger We study inclusive b -hadron production in p p collisions at the LHC at different center-of-mass energies and compare with experimental data from the LHCb and CMS collaborations. Our predictions for cross sections differential in the transverse momentum and (pseudo)rapidity agree with data within unce... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 114010] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
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  • 19
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Vanessa Böhm, Blake D. Sherwin, Jia Liu, J. Colin Hill, Marcel Schmittfull, and Toshiya Namikawa We investigate the impact of non-Gaussian lensing deflections on measurements of the CMB lensing power spectrum. We find that the false assumption of their Gaussianity significantly biases these measurements in current and future experiments at the percent level. The bias is detected by comparing CM... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 123510] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Cosmology
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  • 20
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): A. Crisanti and H. Sompolinksy In this work we study of the dynamics of large-size random neural networks. Different methods have been developed to analyze their behavior, and most of them rely on heuristic methods based on Gaussian assumptions regarding the fluctuations in the limit of infinite sizes. These approaches, however, ... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 062120] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Statistical Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-2376
    Thema: Physik
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  • 21
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Jim Thomas and Ray Yamada A new amplitude equation that captures the effect of arbitrary topography on surface waves is presented. It can be integrated more quickly than the fully nonlinear equations, while accurately capturing the wave dynamics. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 124802] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Wave Dynamics, Free Surface Flows, Stratified, and Rotating Flows
    Digitale ISSN: 2469-990X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 22
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Carl M. Bender, Nima Hassanpour, S. P. Klevansky, and Sarben Sarkar P T -symmetric quantum mechanics began with a study of the Hamiltonian H = p 2 + x 2 ( i x ) ϵ . A surprising feature of this non-Hermitian Hamiltonian is that its eigenvalues are discrete, real, and positive when ϵ ≥ 0 . This paper examines the corresponding quantum-field-theoretic Hamiltonian H = 1 2 ( ∇ ϕ ) 2 + 1 2 ϕ 2 ( i ϕ ) ϵ i... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 125003] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space
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  • 23
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-12-14
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Sushant Saryal, Juliane U. Klamser, Tridib Sadhu, and Deepak Dhar There is a misconception, widely shared among physicists, that the equilibrium free energy of a one-dimensional classical model with strictly finite-ranged interactions, and at nonzero temperatures, cannot show any singularities as a function of the coupling constants. In this Letter, we discuss an ... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 240601] Published Thu Dec 13, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Digitale ISSN: 1079-7114
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  • 24
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-02
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 44: Transient Stability Analysis of Islanded AC Microgrids with a Significant Share of Virtual Synchronous Generators Energies doi: 10.3390/en11010044 Authors: Chang Yuan Peilin Xie Dan Yang Xiangning Xiao As an advanced control method that could bring extra inertia and damping characteristics to inverter-based distributed generators, the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) has recently drawn considerable attention. VSGs are expected to enhance the frequency regulation capability of the local power grid, especially the AC microgrid in island mode. However, the cost of that performance promotion is potential instability. In this paper, the unstable phenomena of the islanded microgrid dominated by SGs and distributed generators (DSs) are addressed after mathematical modeling and detailed eigenvalue analyses respectively. The influence of VSG key parameters, e.g., virtual inertia, damping factor, and droop coefficient on system stability is investigated, and the corresponding mathematical calculation method of unstable region is obtained. The theoretical analysis is well supported by time domain simulation results. The predicted frequency oscillation suggests the consideration of stability constrain during the VSG parameters design procedure.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-02
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 77: Anisotropy in Thermal Recovery of Oil Shale—Part 1: Thermal Conductivity, Wave Velocity and Crack Propagation Energies doi: 10.3390/en11010077 Authors: Guoying Wang Dong Yang Zhiqin Kang Jing Zhao In this paper, the evolution of thermal conductivity, wave velocity and microscopic crack propagation both parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane in anisotropic rock oil shale were studied at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 600 °C. The results show that the thermal conductivity of the perpendicular to bedding direction (KPER) (PER: perpendicular to beeding direction), wave velocity of perpendicular to bedding diretion (VPER), thermal conduction coefficient of parallel to beeding direction (KPAR) and wave velocity of parallel to beeding direction (VPAR) (PAR: parallel to bedding direction) decreased with the increase in temperature, but the rates are different. KPER and VPER linearly decreased with increasing temperature from room temperature to 350 °C, with an obvious decrease at 400 °C corresponding to a large number of cracks generated along the bedding direction. KPER, VPER, KPAR and VPAR generally maintained fixed values from 500 °C to 600 °C. 400 °C has been identified as the threshold temperature for anisotropic evolution of oil shale thermal physics. In addition, the relationship between the thermal conductivity and wave velocity based on the anisotropy of oil shale was fitted using linear regression. The research in this paper can provide reference for the efficient thermal recovery of oil shale, thermal recovery of heavy oil reservoirs and the thermodynamic engineering in other sedimentary rocks.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-02
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 64: Practical On-Board Measurement of Lithium Ion Battery Impedance Based on Distributed Voltage and Current Sampling Energies doi: 10.3390/en11010064 Authors: Xuezhe Wei Xueyuan Wang Haifeng Dai Battery impedance based state estimation methods receive extensive attention due to its close relation to internal dynamic processes and the mechanism of a battery. In order to provide impedance for a battery management system (BMS), a practical on-board impedance measuring method based on distributed signal sampling is proposed and implemented. Battery cell perturbing current and its response voltage for impedance calculation are sampled separately to be compatible with BMS. A digital dual-channel orthogonal lock-in amplifier is used to calculate the impedance. With the signal synchronization, the battery impedance is obtained and compensated. And the relative impedance can also be obtained without knowing the current. For verification, an impedance measuring system made up of electronic units sampling and processing signals and a DC-AC converter generating AC perturbing current is designed. A type of 8 Ah LiFePO4 battery is chosen and the valuable frequency range for state estimations is determined with a series of experiments. The battery cells are connected in series and the impedance is measured with the prototype. It is shown that the measurement error of the impedance modulus at 0.1 Hz–500 Hz at 5 °C–35 °C is less than 4.5% and the impedance phase error is less than 3% at <10 Hz at room temperature. In addition, the relative impedance can also be tracked well with the designed system.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 27
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-02
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 80: Well Test Analysis for Fractured and Vuggy Carbonate Reservoirs of Well Drilling in Large Scale Cave Energies doi: 10.3390/en11010080 Authors: Cuiqiao Xing Hongjun Yin Kexin Liu Xingke Li Jing Fu A well test analysis model for fractured and vuggy carbonate reservoir of wells drilling in large scale cave considering wellbore storage and skin factor is established in this paper. The Laplace transformation and Stehfest numerical inversion are applied to obtain the results of wellbore pressure. Through the sensitivity analysis of different parameters for the well test typical curves, it is found that the change of the well test curves is in accordance with the theoretical analysis. With the increase of skin factor, the hump of well test typical curves is steeper. The storage ratio influences the depth and width of the concave in the pressure derivative curves. The cross flow coefficient mainly affects the position of the concave occurrence in the pressure derivative curves. The dimensionless reservoir radius mainly affects the middle and late stages of the log-log pressure type curves, and the later well test curves will be upturned for sealed boundary. The duration of the early stage of the log-log curves will become longer when drilling in large scale cave. The effective well radius is increased to a certain extent, which is in full agreement with the conclusions in this paper. The size of the caves has the same effect on the well test typical curves as wellbore storage coefficient. Due to acidification, fracturing, and other reasons, the boundary of the cave will collapse. Therefore, considering the wellbore storage coefficient and skin effect is very important during well testing. However, the existing models for well testing of fractured and vuggy carbonate reservoir often ignore the wellbore storage coefficient and skin effect. For fractured and vuggy carbonate reservoirs of well drilling in large scale cave, the existing models are not applicable. Since the previous models are mostly based on the triple-porosity medium and the equivalent continuum. The well test model for well drilling in large scale cave of fracture-cavity carbonate reservoirs with wellbore storage coefficient and skin factor in this work has significant application value for oil field.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 28
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-01-02
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 32: High-Precision Speed Control Based on Multiple Phase-Shift Resonant Controllers for Gimbal System in MSCMG Energies doi: 10.3390/en11010032 Authors: Jian Feng Qing Wang Kun Liu The high precision speed control of gimbal servo system in magnetically suspended control moment gyro (MSCMG) suffers from periodic torque disturbances, which lead to periodic fluctuations in speed control. This paper proposes a novel multiple phase-shift resonant controller (MPRC) for a gimbal servo system to suppress the periodic torque ripples whose frequencies vary with the operational speed of the gimbal servo motor and high-speed motor. First, the periodic torque ripples caused by cogging torque, flux harmonics and the dynamic unbalance of the high speed rotor are analyzed. Second, the principle and structure of MPRC parallel with proportional integral (PI) controllers are discussed. The design and stability analysis of the proposed MPRC plus PI control scheme are given both for the current loop and speed loop. The closed-loop stability is ensured by adjusting the phase in the entire operational speed range. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified through simulation and experimental results.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 29
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Takemichi Okui and Arash Yunesi We present how to construct a soft collinear effective theory (SCET) for gravity at the leading and next-to-leading powers from the ground up. The soft graviton theorem and decoupling of collinear gravitons at the leading power are manifest from the outset in the effective symmetries of the theory. ... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 066011] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality
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  • 30
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Justin Vines and Jan Steinhoff We discuss the effects of the black holes’ spin-multipole structure in the orbital dynamics of binary black holes according to general relativity, focusing on the leading-post-Newtonian-order couplings at each order in an expansion in the black holes’ spins. We first review previous widely confirmed... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 064010] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): General relativity, alternative theories of gravity
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  • 31
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Anders Andreassen, William Frost, and Matthew D. Schwartz The authors compute the lifetime of the universe in the Standard Model at next to leading order, obtaining 10 139 years. This involves regularization of the dilatation zero mode. [Phys. Rev. D 97, 056006] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Phenomenological aspects of field theory, general methods
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  • 32
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): M. V. Chushnyakova and I. I. Gontchar We study the effect of backscattering of the Brownian particles as they escape out of a metastable state overcoming the potential barrier. For this aim, we model this process numerically using the Langevin equations. This modeling is performed for the wide range of the friction constant covering bot... [Phys. Rev. E 97, 032107] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Statistical Physics
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    Digitale ISSN: 1550-2376
    Thema: Physik
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  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Itai Pinkoviezky, Iain D. Couzin, and Nir S. Gov Collective decision-making regarding direction of travel is observed during natural motion of animal and cellular groups. This phenomenon is exemplified, in the simplest case, by a group that contains two informed subgroups that hold conflicting preferred directions of motion. Under such circumstanc... [Phys. Rev. E 97, 032304] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Networks and Complex Systems
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Seth Hopper Gravitational perturbations due to a point particle moving on a static black hole background are naturally described in Regge-Wheeler gauge. The first-order field equations reduce to a single master wave equation for each radiative mode. The master function satisfying this wave equation is a linear ... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 064007] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): General relativity, alternative theories of gravity
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 35
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Patricia Ternes, Evy Salcedo, and Marcia C. Barbosa The slip of a fluid layer in contact with a solid confining surface is investigated for different temperatures and densities using molecular dynamic simulations. We show that for an anomalous waterlike fluid the slip goes as follows: for low levels of shear, defect slip appears and is related to the... [Phys. Rev. E 97, 033104] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Fluid Dynamics
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Bikash Padhi, Apoorv Tiwari, Chandan Setty, and Philip W. Phillips We study a single-channel Kondo effect using a recently developed [1–4] holographic large- N technique. In order to obtain resistivity of this model, we introduce a probe field. The gravity dual of a localized fermionic impurity in 1 + 1 -dimensional host matter is constructed by embedding a localized t... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 066012] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): J. H. Seo, F. Cadieux, R. Mittal, E. Deem, and L. Cattafesta The response of a laminar separation bubble to synthetic jet forcing with various modulation schemes is numerically investigated. The study suggests that the effectiveness of synthetic jet-based flow control could be improved by carefully designing the spectral content of the modulation scheme. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 033901] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Instability, Transition, and Control
    Digitale ISSN: 2469-990X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 38
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Tianxing Ma, Lufeng Zhang, Chia-Chen Chang, Hsiang-Hsuan Hung, and Richard T. Scalettar Using exact quantum Monte Carlo calculations, we examine the interplay between localization of electronic states driven by many-body correlations and that by randomness in a two-dimensional system featuring linearly vanishing density of states at the Fermi level. A novel disorder-induced nonmagnetic... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 116601] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Digitale ISSN: 1079-7114
    Thema: Physik
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  • 39
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Aleksandra A. Grigoreva, Andrey V. Tyukhtin, Viktor V. Vorobev, Sergey N. Galyamin, and Sergey Antipov We consider the electromagnetic field of a point charged particle moving along the axis of a cylindrical waveguide from a homogeneously filled area to a dielectric loading area having an axially symmetrical channel. We are interested in studying the Cherenkov radiation excited in the bilayer area. T... [Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 21, 031302] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): New Acceleration Techniques
    Digitale ISSN: 1098-4402
    Thema: Physik
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  • 40
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): N. E. Sujovolsky, P. D. Mininni, and M. P. Rast We develop a model for particle dispersion observed in stably stratified flows, such as in the ocean and the nocturnal atmosphere, where turbulence is very efficient at mixing and diffusing transported quantities. The model opens new efficient paths for statistical prediction of particle dispersion. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 034603] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Turbulent Flows
    Digitale ISSN: 2469-990X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 41
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Shin-ichiro Nagahiro and Hiizu Nakanishi [Phys. Rev. E 97, 039901] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Errata
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  • 42
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): D. Sarenac, D. A. Pushin, M. G. Huber, D. S. Hussey, H. Miao, M. Arif, D. G. Cory, A. D. Cronin, B. Heacock, D. L. Jacobson, J. M. LaManna, and H. Wen A new and more flexible neutron interferometer design relies on the moiré effect, in which two periodic patterns are combined to give a longer-period pattern. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 113201] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Digitale ISSN: 1079-7114
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  • 43
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    In: Physics
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Juergen Klepp A new and more flexible neutron interferometer design relies on the moiré effect, in which two periodic patterns are combined to give a longer-period pattern. [Physics 11, 26] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 1539-0748
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Lorenzo Di Pietro and Emmanuel Stamou We consider theories with fermionic degrees of freedom that have a fixed point of Wilson–Fisher type in noninteger dimension d = 4 − 2 ε . Due to the presence of evanescent operators, i.e., operators that vanish in integer dimensions, these theories contain families of infinitely many operators that can m... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 065007] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
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  • 45
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Mojtaba Najafizadeh In this paper, we first propose the bosonic (fermionic) modified Wigner equations for continuous spin particle (CSP). Secondly, starting from the (Fang-)Fronsdal-like equation, we will reach to the modified action of bosonic (fermionic) continuous spin gauge field in flat spacetime, presented recent... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 065009] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Filip Kiałka, Alexander R. H. Smith, Mehdi Ahmadi, and Andrzej Dragan We show that massive particles created in a relativistically accelerated reference frame, as predicted by the Unruh effect, can only be found in a tiny layer above the Rindler horizon, whose thickness corresponds to a single Compton wavelength. This is beyond the reach of any detector and suggests t... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 065010] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Formal aspects of field theory, field theory in curved space
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 47
    facet.materialart.
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): I-Sheng Yang We derive the time scale for two initially pure subsystems to become entangled with each other through an arbitrary Hamiltonian that couples them. The entanglement timescale is inversely proportional to the “correlated uncertainty” between the two subsystems, a quantity which we will define and anal... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 066008] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 48
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-03-13
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Miguel Campiglia and Leonardo Coito We study asymptotic charges associated with a spin-zero analog of Weinberg’s soft photon and graviton theorems in even dimensions. Simple spacetime expressions for the charges are given, but unlike gravity or electrodynamics, the symmetry interpretation for the charges remains elusive. This work is ... [Phys. Rev. D 97, 066009] Published Mon Mar 12, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): String theory, quantum gravity, gauge/gravity duality
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1171: Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Snowpack Simulations in Complex Alpine Terrain Using Satellite and In Situ Observations Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10081171 Authors: Jesús Revuelto Grégoire Lecourt Matthieu Lafaysse Isabella Zin Luc Charrois Vincent Vionnet Marie Dumont Antoine Rabatel Delphine Six Thomas Condom Samuel Morin Alessandra Viani Pascal Sirguey This work presents an extensive evaluation of the Crocus snowpack model over a rugged and highly glacierized mountain catchment (Arve valley, Western Alps, France) from 1989 to 2015. The simulations were compared and evaluated using in-situ point snow depth measurements, in-situ seasonal and annual glacier surface mass balance, snow covered area evolution based on optical satellite imagery at 250 m resolution (MODIS sensor), and the annual equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers, derived from satellite images (Landsat, SPOT, and ASTER). The snowpack simulations were obtained using the Crocus snowpack model driven by the same, originally semi-distributed, meteorological forcing (SAFRAN) reanalysis using the native semi-distributed configuration, but also a fully distributed configuration. The semi-distributed approach addresses land surface simulations for discrete topographic classes characterized by elevation range, aspect, and slope. The distributed approach operates on a 250-m grid, enabling inclusion of terrain shadowing effects, based on the same original meteorological dataset. Despite the fact that the two simulations use the same snowpack model, being potentially subjected to same potential deviation from the parametrization of certain physical processes, the results showed that both approaches accurately reproduced the snowpack distribution over the study period. Slightly (although statistically significantly) better results were obtained by using the distributed approach. The evaluation of the snow cover area with MODIS sensor has shown, on average, a reduction of the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) from 15.2% with the semi-distributed approach to 12.6% with the distributed one. Similarly, surface glacier mass balance RMSE decreased from 1.475 m of water equivalent (W.E.) for the semi-distributed simulation to 1.375 m W.E. for the distribution. The improvement, observed with a much higher computational time, does not justify the recommendation of this approach for all applications; however, for simulations that require a precise representation of snowpack distribution, the distributed approach is suggested.
    Digitale ISSN: 2072-4292
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1169: Multi-Year Analyses of Columnar Aerosol Optical and Microphysical Properties in Xi’an, a Megacity in Northwestern China Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10081169 Authors: Xiaoli Su Junji Cao Zhengqiang Li Kaitao Li Hua Xu Suixin Liu Xuehua Fan A thorough understanding of aerosol optical properties and their spatio-temporal variability are required to accurately evaluate aerosol effects in the climate system. In this study, a multi-year study of aerosol optical and microphysical properties was firstly performed in Xi’an based on three years of sun photometer remote sensing measurements from 2012 to 2015. The multi-year average of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm was about 0.88 ± 0.24 (mean ± SD), while the averaged Ångström Exponent (AE) between 440 and 870 nm was 1.02 ± 0.15. The mean value of single scattering albedo (SSA) was around 0.89 ± 0.03. Aerosol optical depth and AE showed different seasonal variation patterns. Aerosol optical depth was slightly higher in winter (0.99 ± 0.36) than in other seasons (~0.85 ± 0.20), while AE showed its minimum in spring (0.85 ± 0.05) due to the impact of dust episodes. The seasonal variations of volume particle size distribution, spectral refractive index, SSA, and asymmetry factor were also analyzed to characterize aerosols over this region. Based on the aerosol products derived from sun photometer measurements, the classification of aerosol types was also conducted using two different methods in this region. Results show that the dominant aerosol types are absorbers in all seasons, especially in winter, demonstrating the strong absorptivity of aerosols in Xi’an.
    Digitale ISSN: 2072-4292
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
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  • 51
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2593: Visual Analysis of the Height Ratio between Building and Background Vegetation. Two Rural Cases of Study: Spain and Sweden Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10082593 Authors: Jacinto Garrido-Velarde María Jesús Montero-Parejo Julio Hernández-Blanco Lorenzo García-Moruno The perception of apparent sizes of buildings in a rural environment depends on the height ratio between the building and its surrounding vegetation, and it is this parameter which is currently used to assess the built landscapes. The impact of a contrasting height is less strong if the building does not exceed the horizon line. For buildings overshooting the skyline, the building’s level of sharpness and number of lines in contrast to the sky determines the impact of the scales, and vegetation in the background helps to reduce impact. The specific objectives of the present study were: (1) finding height–ratio thresholds between building and background vegetation, which may improve the integration of rural buildings in sky-sensitive locations, and; (2) comparing the results in two rural contexts with very different climatic conditions: Spain and Sweden. A survey of eighteen scenarios (nine Spanish and nine Swedish), all digitally modified with different relative height ratios between vegetation and buildings, was performed. The survey was evaluated by the public from both countries. Regardless of the country of origin, integration of the building was good or very good when the vegetation in background did not exceed one half of the height of the construction. These results may be translated to technical criteria for planning assessment.
    Digitale ISSN: 2071-1050
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 52
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Sensors, Vol. 18, Pages 2406: Adaptive Robust Unscented Kalman Filter via Fading Factor and Maximum Correntropy Criterion Sensors doi: 10.3390/s18082406 Authors: Zhihong Deng Lijian Yin Baoyu Huo Yuanqing Xia In most practical applications, the tracking process needs to update the data constantly. However, outliers may occur frequently in the process of sensors’ data collection and sending, which affects the performance of the system state estimate. In order to suppress the impact of observation outliers in the process of target tracking, a novel filtering algorithm, namely a robust adaptive unscented Kalman filter, is proposed. The cost function of the proposed filtering algorithm is derived based on fading factor and maximum correntropy criterion. In this paper, the derivations of cost function and fading factor are given in detail, which enables the proposed algorithm to be robust. Finally, the simulation results show that the presented algorithm has good performance, and it improves the robustness of a general unscented Kalman filter and solves the problem of outliers in system.
    Digitale ISSN: 1424-8220
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
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  • 53
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2586: Conserving Tropical Forests: Can Sustainable Livelihoods Outperform Artisanal or Informal Mining? Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10082586 Authors: Joshua Fisher Poonam Arora Sophia Rhee The viability of conservation efforts, including protected areas and buffer zones, depends on finding ways to make those strategies more attractive and viable for local populations. This paper presents a pilot study utilizing a rapid rural appraisal of livelihoods in the buffer zone of Tambopata National Reserve in Madre de Dios, Peru, threatened by illegal gold mining and logging. We evaluated three predominant economic activities—artisanal gold mining, Brazil nut harvesting, and fish farming—in terms of potential economic returns. The main research question we ask is whether the latter two potentially sustainable land uses can match or exceed the returns from mining. Contrary to popular belief, we find that enhancing value creation at product origin could make existing forest-friendly livelihoods as or more lucrative than extractive ones. This has implications on local conservation policy encouraging implementable strategies incentivizing sustainable livelihoods in tandem with, and in support of, conservation goals.
    Digitale ISSN: 2071-1050
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 54
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Water, Vol. 10, Pages 969: Assessment of Runoff Components Simulated by GLDAS against UNH–GRDC Dataset at Global and Hemispheric Scales Water doi: 10.3390/w10080969 Authors: Meizhao Lv Hui Lu Kun Yang Zhongfeng Xu Meixia Lv Xiaomeng Huang The current evaluations of global land data assimilation system (GLDAS) runoff were generally limited to the observation-rich areas. At the global and hemispheric scales, we assessed different runoff components performance of GLDAS (1.0 and 2.1) using the University of New Hampshire and Global Runoff Data Centre (UNH-GRDC) dataset. The results suggest that GLDAS simulations show considerable uncertainties, particularly in partition of surface and subsurface runoffs, in snowmelt runoff modeling, and in capturing the northern peak time. GLDAS1.0-CLM (common land model) produced more surface runoff almost globally; GLDAS-Noah generated more surface runoff over the northern middle-high latitudes and more subsurface runoff in the remaining areas; while the partition in GLDAS1.0-VIC (variable infiltration capacity) is almost opposite to that in Noah. Comparing to GLDAS1.0-Noah, GLDAS2.1-Noah improved the premature snow-melting tendency, but its snowmelt-runoff peak magnitude was excessively high in June and July. The discrepancies in northern primary peak times among precipitation and runoff is partly caused by the combination of rainfall and melting-snow over high-latitude, as well as the very different temporal–spatial distributions for snowmelt runoff simulated by GLDAS models. This paper can provide valuable guidance for GLDAS users, and contribute to the further improvement of hydrological parameterized schemes.
    Digitale ISSN: 2073-4441
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 55
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Remote Sensing, Vol. 10, Pages 1166: Inventory of Glaciers in the Shaksgam Valley of the Chinese Karakoram Mountains, 1970–2014 Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs10081166 Authors: Haireti Alifu Yukiko Hirabayashi Brian Alan Johnson Jean-Francois Vuillaume Akihiko Kondoh Minoru Urai The Shaksgam Valley, located on the north side of the Karakoram Mountains of western China, is situated in the transition zone between the Indian monsoon system and dry arid climate zones. Previous studies have reported abnormal behaviors of the glaciers in this region compared to the global trend of glacier retreat, so the region is of special interest for glacier-climatological studies. For this purpose, long-term monitoring of glaciers in this region is necessary to obtain a better understanding of the relationships between glacier changes and local climate variations. However, accurate historical and up-to-date glacier inventory data for the region are currently unavailable. For this reason, this study conducted glacier inventories for the years 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000 and 2014 (i.e., a ~10-year interval) using multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. The remote sensing data used included Corona KH-4A/B (1965–1971), Hexagon KH-9 (1980), Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) (1990/1993), Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) (2000/2001), and Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) (2014/2015) multispectral satellite images, as well as digital elevation models (DEMs) from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), DEMs generated from Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) images (2005–2014), and Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) World 3D 30 m mesh (AW3D30). In the year 2014, a total of 173 glaciers (including 121 debris-free glaciers) (>0.5 km2), covering an area of 1478 ± 34 km2 (area of debris-free glaciers: 295 ± 7 km2) were mapped. The multi-temporal glacier inventory results indicated that total glacier area change between 1970–2014 was not significant. However, individual glacier changes showed significant variability. Comparisons of the changes in glacier terminus position indicated that 55 (32 debris-covered) glaciers experienced significant advances (~40–1400 m) between 1970–2014, and 74 (32 debris-covered) glaciers experienced significant advances (~40–1400 m) during the most recent period (2000–2014). Notably, small glaciers showed higher sensitivity to climate changes, and the glaciers located in the western part of the study site were exhibiting glacier area expansion compared to other parts of the Shaksgam Valley. Finally, regression analyses indicated that topographic parameters were not the main driver of glacier changes. On the contrary, local climate variability could explain the complex behavior of glaciers in this region.
    Digitale ISSN: 2072-4292
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geographie
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2601: Researcher–Planner Dialogue on Environmental Justice and Its Knowledges—A Means to Encourage Social Learning Towards Sustainability Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10082601 Authors: Aino Rekola Riikka Paloniemi Societies aiming for a sustainable future need more effective and legitimate planning and decision making practices, in which various actors together find pathways towards a sustainable transition. In this paper, we approach sustainability and environmental justice as epistemological (and ontological) challenges for land-use planning, and empirically analyse how action research could support planners’ social learning and planning towards fair and sustainable development. We analysed qualitatively the evolution of the researcher–planner dialogue while co-designing and developing better methods, means and practices to improve environmental justice in regional scale planning in Kymenlaakso Region, South-East Finland. We found that researcher-planner dialogue developed during cooperation. While in the beginning, social learning related to approaching environmental justice as a fair distribution of power evolved incrementally, later, when dialogue became more focused, communicative and reflective as an outcome of mutual frames and trust, learning occurred in a more transformative way. Such transformative learning concerned recognising youth as a silent group in the planning process and the means to involve their perceptions in planning. In order to support sustainability transformation in the future, we conclude that it is essential to create opportunities for such incremental and transformative social learning through innovative modes of interaction in various contexts.
    Digitale ISSN: 2071-1050
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 57
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-25
    Beschreibung: Sustainability, Vol. 10, Pages 2602: Towards a Joint Local Energy Transition Process in Urban Districts: The GO2Zero Simulation Game Sustainability doi: 10.3390/su10082602 Authors: Geertje Bekebrede Ellen van Bueren Ivo Wenzler The depletion of fossil fuel sources for our energy system and the influence on overall CO2 emissions drive the need to more sustainable energy systems. The transition towards a renewable energy system cannot be seen as a purely technical issue; it is strongly embedded within society. In this study, we analyze the stakeholder complexities of the transition in urban districts and research the use of a simulation game to increase the understanding of the complexity of the transition. Surveys and observations were used to collect data about the learning experiences of playing the game GO2Zero. The results show that participants liked to play the game and they considered the game a valid representation of the system. Further, the participants agree that they obtained a better understanding of the complexity of the residential energy system and experienced a variety of challenges in the transition. Simulation games, like GO2Zero, could become valuable instruments in local energy transition processes as they offer a safe environment for novices and experts to jointly experiment with the challenges in this process. These experiences could support the design of the transition process by helping actors to formulate goals and collaborative strategies for achieving those goals. Future research will focus on the use of this game for experimenting with different strategies and instruments and to analyze their effects.
    Digitale ISSN: 2071-1050
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Diversity, Vol. 10, Pages 73: Weevils as Targets for Biological Control, and the Importance of Taxonomy and Phylogeny for Efficacy and Biosafety Diversity doi: 10.3390/d10030073 Authors: Barbara I. P. Barratt Matthew J. W. Cock Rolf G. Oberprieler Curculionidae are a large mainly herbivorous family of beetles, some of which have become crop pests. Classical biological control has been attempted for about 38 species in 19 genera, and at least moderate success has been achieved in 31 % of cases. Only two weevil species have been considered to be completely controlled by a biological control agent. Success depends upon accurately matching natural enemies with their hosts, and hence taxonomy and phylogeny play a critical role. These factors are discussed and illustrated with two case studies: the introduction of the braconid parasitoid Mictroctonus aethiopoides into New Zealand for biological control of the lucerne pest Sitona discoideus, a case of complex phylogenetic relationships that challenged the prediction of potential non-target hosts, and the use of a mymarid egg parasitoid, Anaphes nitens, to control species of the eucalypt weevil genus Gonipterus, which involves failure to match up parasitoids with the right target amongst a complex of very closely related species. We discuss the increasing importance of molecular methods to support biological control programmes and the essential role of these emerging technologies for improving our understanding of this very large and complex family.
    Digitale ISSN: 1424-2818
    Thema: Biologie
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  • 59
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Forests, Vol. 9, Pages 448: Shifts in Growing Season of Tropical Deciduous Forests as Driven by El Niño and La Niña during 2001–2016 Forests doi: 10.3390/f9080448 Authors: Phan Kieu Diem Uday Pimple Asamaporn Sitthi Pariwate Varnakovida Katsunori Tanaka Sukan Pungkul Kumron Leadprathom Monique Y. LeClerc Amnat Chidthaisong This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of tropical deciduous forest including dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) and mixed deciduous forest (MDF) and its phenological changes in responses to El Niño and La Niña during 2001–2016. Based on time series of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) extracted from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the start of growing season (SOS), the end of growing season (EOS), and length of growing season (LOS) were derived. In absence of climatic fluctuation, the SOS of DDF commonly started on 106 ± 7 DOY, delayed to 132 DOY in El Niño year (2010) and advanced to 87 DOY in La Niña year (2011). Thus, there was a delay of about 19 to 33 days in El Niño and an earlier onset of about 13 to 27 days in La Niña year. The SOS of MDF started almost same time as of DDF on the 107 ± 7 DOY during the neutral years and delayed to 127 DOY during El Niño, advanced to 92 DOY in La Niña year. The SOS of MDF was delayed by about 12 to 28 days in El Niño and was earlier about 8 to 22 days in La Niña. Corresponding to these shifts in SOS and LOS of both DDF and MDF were also induced by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
    Digitale ISSN: 1999-4907
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
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  • 60
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 550: Information Geometry of Nonlinear Stochastic Systems Entropy doi: 10.3390/e20080550 Authors: Rainer Hollerbach Donovan Dimanche Eun-jin Kim We elucidate the effect of different deterministic nonlinear forces on geometric structure of stochastic processes by investigating the transient relaxation of initial PDFs of a stochastic variable x under forces proportional to -xn (n=3,5,7) and different strength D of δ-correlated stochastic noise. We identify the three main stages consisting of nondiffusive evolution, quasi-linear Gaussian evolution and settling into stationary PDFs. The strength of stochastic noise is shown to play a crucial role in determining these timescales as well as the peak amplitude and width of PDFs. From time-evolution of PDFs, we compute the rate of information change for a given initial PDF and uniquely determine the information length L(t) as a function of time that represents the number of different statistical states that a system evolves through in time. We identify a robust geodesic (where the information changes at a constant rate) in the initial stage, and map out geometric structure of an attractor as L(t→∞)∝μm, where μ is the position of an initial Gaussian PDF. The scaling exponent m increases with n, and also varies with D (although to a lesser extent). Our results highlight ubiquitous power-laws and multi-scalings of information geometry due to nonlinear interaction.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
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  • 61
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 553: Hierarchical Structure of Generalized Thermodynamic and Informational Entropy Entropy doi: 10.3390/e20080553 Authors: Pierfrancesco Palazzo The present research aimed at discussing the thermodynamic and informational aspects of entropy concept to propose a unitary perspective of its definitions as an inherent property of any system in any state. The dualism and the relation between physical nature of information and the informational content of physical states of matter and phenomena play a fundamental role in the description of multi-scale systems characterized by hierarchical configurations. A method is proposed to generalize thermodynamic and informational entropy property and characterize the hierarchical structure of its canonical definition at macroscopic and microscopic levels of a system described in the domain of classical and quantum physics. The conceptual schema is based on dualisms and symmetries inherent to the geometric and kinematic configurations and interactions occurring in many-particle and few-particle thermodynamic systems. The hierarchical configuration of particles and sub-particles, representing the constitutive elements of physical systems, breaks down into levels characterized by particle masses subdivision, implying positions and velocities degrees of freedom multiplication. This hierarchy accommodates the allocation of phenomena and processes from higher to lower levels in the respect of the equipartition theorem of energy. However, the opposite and reversible process, from lower to higher level, is impossible by virtue of the Second Law, expressed as impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM2) remaining valid at all hierarchical levels, and the non-existence of Maxwell’s demon. Based on the generalized definition of entropy property, the hierarchical structure of entropy contribution and production balance, determined by degrees of freedom and constraints of systems configuration, is established. Moreover, as a consequence of the Second Law, the non-equipartition theorem of entropy is enunciated, which would be complementary to the equipartition theorem of energy derived from the First Law.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
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  • 62
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    MDPI Publishing
    In: Entropy
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 552: The Gibbs Paradox Entropy doi: 10.3390/e20080552 Authors: Simon Saunders The Gibbs Paradox is essentially a set of open questions as to how sameness of gases or fluids (or masses, more generally) are to be treated in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. They have a variety of answers, some restricted to quantum theory (there is no classical solution), some to classical theory (the quantum case is different). The solution offered here applies to both in equal measure, and is based on the concept of particle indistinguishability (in the classical case, Gibbs’ notion of ‘generic phase’). Correctly understood, it is the elimination of sequence position as a labelling device, where sequences enter at the level of the tensor (or Cartesian) product of one-particle state spaces. In both cases it amounts to passing to the quotient space under permutations. ‘Distinguishability’, in the sense in which it is usually used in classical statistical mechanics, is a mathematically convenient, but physically muddled, fiction.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
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  • 63
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1937: Evaluation of Fast Charging Efficiency under Extreme Temperatures Energies doi: 10.3390/en11081937 Authors: Germana Trentadue Alexandre Lucas Marcos Otura Konstantinos Pliakostathis Marco Zanni Harald Scholz Multi-type fast charging stations are being deployed over Europe as electric vehicle adoption becomes more popular. The growth of an electrical charging infrastructure in different countries poses different challenges related to its installation. One of these challenges is related to weather conditions that are extremely heterogeneous due to different latitudes, in which fast charging stations are located and whose impact on the charging performance is often neglected or unknown. The present study focused on the evaluation of the electric vehicle (EV) charging process with fast charging devices (up to 50 kW) at ambient (25 °C) and at extreme temperatures (−25 °C, −15 °C, +40 °C). A sample of seven fast chargers and two electric vehicles (CCS (combined charging system) and CHAdeMO (CHArge de Move)) available on the commercial market was considered in the study. Three phase voltages and currents at the wall socket, where the charger was connected, as well as voltage and current at the plug connection between the charger and vehicle have been recorded. According to SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) J2894/1, the power conversion efficiency during the charging process has been calculated as the ratio between the instantaneous DC power delivered to the vehicle and the instantaneous AC power supplied from the grid in order to test the performance of the charger. The inverse of the efficiency of the charging process, i.e., a kind of energy return ratio (ERR), has been calculated as the ratio between the AC energy supplied by the grid to the electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) and the energy delivered to the vehicle’s battery. The evaluation has shown a varied scenario, confirming the efficiency values declared by the manufacturers at ambient temperature and reporting lower energy efficiencies at extreme temperatures, due to lower requested and, thus, delivered power levels. The lowest and highest power conversion efficiencies of 39% and 93% were observed at −25 °C and ambient temperature (+25 °C), respectively.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 64
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Entropy, Vol. 20, Pages 549: Entropy-Based Feature Extraction for Electromagnetic Discharges Classification in High-Voltage Power Generation Entropy doi: 10.3390/e20080549 Authors: Imene Mitiche Gordon Morison Alan Nesbitt Brian G. Stewart Philip Boreham This work exploits four entropy measures known as Sample, Permutation, Weighted Permutation, and Dispersion Entropy to extract relevant information from Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) discharge signals that are useful in fault diagnosis of High-Voltage (HV) equipment. Multi-class classification algorithms are used to classify or distinguish between various discharge sources such as Partial Discharges (PD), Exciter, Arcing, micro Sparking and Random Noise. The signals were measured and recorded on different sites followed by EMI expert’s data analysis in order to identify and label the discharge source type contained within the signal. The classification was performed both within each site and across all sites. The system performs well for both cases with extremely high classification accuracy within site. This work demonstrates the ability to extract relevant entropy-based features from EMI discharge sources from time-resolved signals requiring minimal computation making the system ideal for a potential application to online condition monitoring based on EMI.
    Digitale ISSN: 1099-4300
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
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  • 65
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Energies, Vol. 11, Pages 1934: Multi-Port Zero-Current Switching Switched-Capacitor Converters for Battery Management Applications Energies doi: 10.3390/en11081934 Authors: Yat Chi Fong Ka Wai Eric Cheng S. Raghu Raman Xiaolin Wang A novel implementation of multi-port zero-current switching (ZCS) switched-capacitor (SC) converters for battery management applications is presented. In addition to the auto-balancing feature offered by the SC technique, the proposed SC converter permits individual control of the charging or discharging current of the series-connected energy storage elements, such as the battery or super-capacitor cells. This approach enables advanced state control and accelerates the equalizing process by coordinated operation with the battery management system (BMS) and an adjustable voltage source, which can be implemented by a DC-DC converter interfaced to the energy storage string. Different configurations, including the single-input multi-output (SIMO), multi-input single-output (MISO) SC converters, and the corresponding altered circuits for string-to-cells, cells-to-string, as well as cells-to-cells equalizers, are discussed with a circuit analysis and derivation of the associated mathematical representation. The simulation study and experimental results indicated a significant increase in the balancing speed with the presence of BMS and closed-loop control of cell currents.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1073
    Thema: Energietechnik
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  • 66
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1287: Polysaccharide-Based Aerogel Bead Production via Jet Cutting Method Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081287 Authors: Imke Preibisch Philipp Niemeyer Yusuf Yusufoglu Pavel Gurikov Barbara Milow Irina Smirnova The aim of this work is to develop a method to produce spherical biopolymer-based aerogel particles, which is capable for scale-up in the future. Therefore, the jet cutting method is suggested. Amidated pectin, sodium alginate, and chitosan are used as a precursor (a 1–3 wt. % solution) for particle production via jet cutting. Gelation is realized via two methods: the internal setting method (using calcium carbonate particles as cross-linkers and citric and acidic acid for pH adjustment) and the diffusion method (in calcium chloride solutions). Gel particles are subjected to solvent exchange to ethanol and consequent supercritical drying with CO2. Spherical aerogel particles with narrow particle size distributions in the range of 400 to 1500 µm and a specific surface area of around 500 m2/g are produced. Overall, it can be concluded that the jet cutting method is suitable for aerogel particle production, although the shape of the particles is not perfectly spherical in all cases. However, parameter adjustment might lead to even better shaped particles in further work. Moreover, the biopolymer-based aerogel particles synthesized in this study are tested as humidity absorbers in drying units for home appliances, particularly for dishwashers. It has been shown that for several cycles of absorption and desorption of humidity, aerogel particles are stable with an absorption capacity of around 20 wt. %.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1279: Computational Predictions and Microwave Plasma Synthesis of Superhard Boron-Carbon Materials Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081279 Authors: Paul A. Baker Shane A. Catledge Sumner B. Harris Kathryn J. Ham Wei-Chih Chen Cheng-Chien Chen Yogesh K. Vohra Superhard boron-carbon materials are of prime interest due to their non-oxidizing properties at high temperatures compared to diamond-based materials and their non-reactivity with ferrous metals under extreme conditions. In this work, evolutionary algorithms combined with density functional theory have been utilized to predict stable structures and properties for the boron-carbon system, including the elusive superhard BC5 compound. We report on the microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition on a silicon substrate of a series of composite materials containing amorphous boron-doped graphitic carbon, boron-doped diamond, and a cubic hard-phase with a boron-content as high as 7.7 at%. The nanoindentation hardness of these composite materials can be tailored from 8 GPa to as high as 62 GPa depending on the growth conditions. These materials have been characterized by electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and nanoindentation hardness, and the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. Our studies show that a significant amount of boron up to 7.7 at% can be accommodated in the cubic phase of diamond and its phonon modes and mechanical properties can be accurately modeled by theory. This cubic hard-phase can be incorporated into amorphous boron-carbon matrices to yield superhard materials with tunable hardness values.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Forests, Vol. 9, Pages 446: Plant Hydraulic Trait Covariation: A Global Meta-Analysis to Reduce Degrees of Freedom in Trait-Based Hydrologic Models Forests doi: 10.3390/f9080446 Authors: A. Rio Mursinna Erica McCormick Katie Van Horn Lisa Sartin Ashley M. Matheny Current vegetation modeling strategies use broad categorizations of plants to estimate transpiration and biomass functions. A significant source of model error stems from vegetation categorizations that are mostly taxonomical with no basis in plant hydraulic strategy and response to changing environmental conditions. Here, we compile hydraulic traits from 355 species around the world to determine trait covariations in order to represent hydraulic strategies. Simple and stepwise regression analyses demonstrate the interconnectedness of multiple vegetative hydraulic traits, specifically, traits defining hydraulic conductivity and vulnerability to embolism with wood density and isohydricity. Drought sensitivity is strongly (Adjusted R2 = 0.52, p < 0.02) predicted by a stepwise linear model combining rooting depth, wood density, and isohydricity. Drought tolerance increased with increasing wood density and anisohydric response, but with decreasing rooting depth. The unexpected response to rooting depth may be due to other tradeoffs within the hydraulic system. Rooting depth was able to be predicted from sapwood specific conductivity and the water potential at 50% loss of conductivity. Interestingly, the influences of biome or growth form do not increase the accuracy of the drought tolerance model and were able to be omitted. Multiple regression analysis revealed 3D trait spaces and tradeoff axes along which species’ hydraulic strategies can be analyzed. These numerical trait spaces can reduce the necessary input to and parameterization of plant hydraulics modules, while increasing the physical representativeness of such simulations.
    Digitale ISSN: 1999-4907
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
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  • 69
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Lennart Bours, Björn Sothmann, Matteo Carrega, Elia Strambini, Ewelina M. Hankiewicz, Laurens W. Molenkamp, and Francesco Giazotto Keen interest has arisen lately in hybrid topological-insulator–superconductor nanostructures, from both the theoretical and experimental points of view. Among recent advances, the proposal for a Doppler-like shift in the energies of the edge states in toplogical-insulator Josephson junctions leads to a peculiar structure of the Andreev bound states along the helical edges. To exploit this effect, the authors propose a structure consisting of a normal-metal probe tunnel-coupled to the center of such a junction, which would function as a sensitive magnetometer. [Phys. Rev. Applied 10, 014027] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 2331-7019
    Thema: Physik
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Junhua Luo, Li Jiang, and Long He The ( n , 2 n ) cross sections and their isomeric ratios ( σ m / σ g ) in the 13–15 MeV neutron energy range have been measured for Hg 196 , 198 by an activation and offline γ-ray spectrometric technique using the Pd-300 Neutron Generator at the Chinese Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP). Natural Hg samples an... [Phys. Rev. C 98, 014619] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-490X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): A. J. R. Puckett et al. [Phys. Rev. C 98, 019907] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Errata
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
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    Thema: Physik
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  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Zoltán Nagy and Davison E. Soper We explore jet physics in hadron collisions using the parton shower event generator Deductor . Of particular interest is the one jet inclusive cross section d σ / d P T for jets of very high P T . Compared to the Born level, the cross section decreases substantially because of P T loss from the jet during sh... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 014035] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): W. A. Yahya, B. I. S. van der Ventel, B. C. Kimene Kaya, and R. A. Bark A microscopic study of proton elastic scattering from unstable nuclei at intermediate energies using a relativistic formalism is presented. We have employed both the original relativistic impulse approximation (IA1) and the generalized impulse approximation (IA2) formalisms to calculate the relativi... [Phys. Rev. C 98, 014620] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-490X
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  • 74
    facet.materialart.
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    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Benjamin Guiot We analyze two consequences of the relationship between collinear factorization and k t -factorization. First, we show that the k t -factorization gives a fundamental justification for the choice of the hard scale Q 2 done in the collinear factorization. Second, we show that in the collinear factorizatio... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 014036] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
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  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Zoltán Nagy and Davison E. Soper We consider idealized parton shower event generators that treat parton spin and color exactly, leaving aside the choice of practical approximations for spin and color. We investigate how the structure of such a parton shower generator is related to the structure of QCD. We argue that a parton shower... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 014034] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Bradley J. Kavanagh, Daniele Gaggero, and Gianfranco Bertone The formation of astrophysical and primordial black holes influences the distribution of dark matter surrounding them. Black holes are thus expected to carry a dark matter “dress” whose properties depend on their formation mechanism and on the properties of the environment. Here we carry out a numer... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 023536] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
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  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Shao-Wen Wei and Yu-Xiao Liu In this paper, we explore the signatures of nonrotating and rotating black hole mergers in the matter-free modified gravity. First, we solve the unstable circular null orbits and the innermost stable circular timelike orbits via the geodesic motion. The characteristic quantities of these orbits are ... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 024042] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): General relativity, alternative theories of gravity
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): J. Ricardo G. Mendonça and Rolf E. O. Simões Almost four decades ago, Gacs, Kurdyumov, and Levin introduced three different cellular automata to investigate whether one-dimensional nonequilibrium interacting particle systems are capable of displaying phase transitions, and, as a byproduct, they introduced the density classification problem (th... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 012135] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Statistical Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-2376
    Thema: Physik
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): A. R. Harikrishnan, Purbarun Dhar, Sateesh Gedupudi, and Sarit K. Das Evaporation kinetics of surfactant-infused nanocolloidal droplets are studied using the pendant mode to understand the pure physics of evaporation in such complex fluids. Oscillatory solute-thermal convective currents are found to be responsible for evaporation rate enhancement in these complex fluids. [Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 073604] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Drops, Bubbles, Capsules, and Vesicles
    Digitale ISSN: 2469-990X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1290: Compositional Dependence of Phase Selection in CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi-Based High-Entropy Alloys Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081290 Authors: Ning Liu Chen Chen Isaac Chang Pengjie Zhou Xiaojing Wang To study the effect of alloy composition on phase selection in the CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA), Mo was partially replaced by Co, Cr, Fe, and Ni. The microstructures and phase selection behaviors of the CoCrCu0.1FeMoNi HEA system were investigated. Dendritic, inter-dendritic, and eutectic microstructures were observed in the as-solidified HEAs. A simple face centered cubic (FCC) single-phase solid solution was obtained when the molar ratio of Fe, Co, and Ni was increased to 1.7 at the expense of Mo, indicating that Fe, Co, and Ni stabilized the FCC structure. The FCC structure was favored at the atomic radius ratio δ ≤ 2.8, valence electron concentration (VEC) ≥ 8.27, mixing entropy ΔS ≤ 13.037, local lattice distortion parameter α2 ≤ 0.0051, and ΔS/δ2 > 1.7. Mixed FCC + body centered cubic (BCC) structures occurred for 4.1 ≤ δ ≤ 4.3 and 7.71 ≤ VEC ≤ 7.86; FCC or/and BCC + intermetallic (IM) mixtures were favored at 2.8 ≤ δ ≤ 4.1 or δ > 4.3 and 7.39 < VEC ≤ 8.27. The IM phase is favored at electronegativity differences greater than 0.133. However, ΔS, α2, and ΔS/δ2 were inefficient in identifying the (FCC or/and BCC + IM)/(FCC + BCC) transition. Moreover, the mixing enthalpy cannot predict phase structures in this system.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1286: An Evaluation of Wetting and Adhesion of Three Bioceramic Root Canal Sealers to Intraradicular Human Dentin Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081286 Authors: Jung-Hong Ha Hyeon-Cheol Kim Young Kyung Kim Tae-Yub Kwon Root canal sealers should have good wetting and adhesion with intraradicular dentin. This study evaluated the wetting and adhesion properties of three bioceramic root canal sealers on dentin using contact angle (CA) measurements and calculations based on the Owens–Wendt–Rabel–Kälble (OWRK) model and compared the properties with those of a resin sealer. Three bioceramic sealers (EndoSequence BC Sealer (BC); Endoseal MTA (EM); and MTA Fillapex (MF)) were tested, together with one epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus (AP)). Disc-shaped sealer specimens and human premolar teeth with flat and polished intraradicular dentin surfaces were prepared (n = 12). The CAs of two liquids (water and methylene iodide) were measured on the surfaces using the sessile drop method. The wetting and adhesion properties of the four sealers were calculated using the wetting envelope and isogram diagram, respectively. Group BC showed the best wettability among the four sealer groups. The best adhesion was achieved for group EM, followed by group BC, with a significant difference being present between the two groups (p < 0.05). The OWRK-based calculation indicated that the bioceramic BC and EM sealers showed superior wetting and adhesion properties to the AP sealers.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1281: Investigation of Cutting Temperature during Turning Inconel 718 with (Ti,Al)N PVD Coated Cemented Carbide Tools Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081281 Authors: Jinfu Zhao Zhanqiang Liu Qi Shen Bing Wang Qingqing Wang Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Ti1−xAlxN coated cemented carbide tools are commonly used to cut difficult-to-machine super alloy of Inconel 718. The Al concentration x of Ti1−xAlxN coating can affect the coating microstructure, mechanical and thermo-physical properties of Ti1−xAlxN coating, which affects the cutting temperature in the machining process. Cutting temperature has great influence on the tool life and the machined surface quality. In this study, the influences of PVD (Ti,Al)N coated cemented carbide tools on the cutting temperature were analyzed. Firstly, the microstructures of PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N and Ti0.55Al0.45N coatings were inspected. The increase of Al concentration x enhanced the crystallinity of PVD Ti1−xAlxN coatings without epitaxy growth of TiAlN crystals. Secondly, the mechanical and thermo-physical properties of PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N and Ti0.55Al0.45N coated tools were analyzed. The pinning effects of coating increased with the increasing of Al concentration x, which can decrease the friction coefficient between the PVD Ti1−xAlxN coated cemented carbide tools and the Inconel 718 material. The coating hardness and thermal conductivity of Ti1−xAlxN coatings increased with the increase of Al concentration x. Thirdly, the influences of PVD Ti1−xAlxN coated tools on the cutting temperature in turning Inconel 718 were analyzed by mathematical analysis modelling and Lagrange simulation methods. Compared with the uncoated tools, PVD Ti0.41Al0.59N coated tools decreased the heat generation as well as the tool temperature to reduce the thermal stress generated within the tools. Lastly, the influences of Ti1−xAlxN coatings on surface morphologies of the tool rake faces were analyzed. The conclusions can reveal the influences of PVD Ti1−xAlxN coatings on cutting temperature, which can provide guidance in the proper choice of Al concentration x for PVD Ti1−xAlxN coated tools in turning Inconel 718.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1278: Study on Near-Net Forming Technology for Stepped Shaft by Cross-Wedge Rolling Based on Variable Cone Angle Billets Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081278 Authors: Sutao Han Xuedao Shu Chang Shu Considering problems about concaves at the stepped shaft ends, this paper established the plastic flow kinetic theories about metal deforming during the cross-wedge rolling (CWR) process. By means of the DEFORM-3D finite element software and the point tracing method, the forming process of stepped shafts and the forming mechanism of concaves at shaft ends were studied. Based on the forming features of stepped shafts, rolling pieces were designed using variable cone angle billets. Single-factor tests were conducted to analyze the influence law of the shape parameters of billet with variable cone angle on end concaves, and rolling experiments were performed for verification. According to the results, during the rolling process of stepped shafts, concaves will come into being in stages, and the increasing tendency of its depth is due to the wave mode, the parameters of cone angle α, the first cone section length n. Furthermore, the total cone section length m has an increasingly weaker influence on the end concaves. Specifically, cone angle α has the most significant influence on the quality of shaft ends, which is about twice the influence of the total cone section length m. The concave depth will decrease at the beginning, and then increase with the increasing of the cone angle α and the first cone section length n, and it will decrease with the increasing of the total cone section length m. Finite element numerical analysis results are perfectly consistent with experimental results, with the error ratio being lower than 5%. The results provide a reliable theoretical basis for effectively disposing of end concave problems during CWR, rationally confirming the shape parameters of billets with a variable cone angle, improving the quality of stepped shaft ends, and realizing the near-net forming process of cross-wedge rolling without a stub bar.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Materials, Vol. 11, Pages 1276: Tool Wear Mechanism in Cutting of Stack CFRP/UNS A97075 Materials doi: 10.3390/ma11081276 Authors: Severo Raul Fernandez-Vidal Sergio Fernandez-Vidal Moises Batista Jorge Salguero The aeronautics industry’s competitiveness has led to the need to increase productivity with one shot drilling (OSD) systems capable of drilling stacks of dissimilar materials (fibre/metal laminates, FML) in order to reduce riveting times. Among the materials that constitute the current aeronautical models, composite materials and aluminium (Al) and titanium (Ti) alloys stand out. These one-pass machining techniques produce high-quality holes, especially when all the elements that have to be joined are made of the same material. This work has followed a conventional OSD strategy and the same cutting conditions applied to CFRP (carbo-fibre-reinforced polymer), Al and CFRP/Al stacked sheets to know the wear mechanisms produced. With this purpose, results were obtained by using current specific techniques, such as microstructural analysis, monitoring of the shear forces and analysis of macrogeometric deviations. It has been determined that when these drilling techniques are applied under the same cutting conditions to stacks of materials of a different nature, the results of the wear mechanisms acting on the tool differ from those obtained when machining each material separately. This article presents a comparison between the effects of tool wear during dry drilling of CFRP and UNS A97075 plates separately and when machined as stacks.
    Digitale ISSN: 1996-1944
    Thema: Maschinenbau
    Publiziert von MDPI Publishing
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Evert van Nieuwenburg and Oded Zilberberg Entanglement plays an important role in our ability to understand, simulate, and harness quantum many-body phenomena. In this work, we investigate the entanglement spectrum for open one-dimensional (1D) systems and propose a natural quantifier for how much a 1D quantum state is entangled while being... [Phys. Rev. A 98, 012327] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Quantum information
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Digitale ISSN: 1094-1622
    Thema: Physik
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Mattias Palsgaard, Troels Markussen, Tue Gunst, Mads Brandbyge, and Kurt Stokbro Modeling a full photovoltaic device with first-principles simulations is such a tremendous computational task that it has remained out of reach—until now. This joint work between academia and industry combines multiple state-of-the-art methods to enable the simulation of phonon-assisted photocurrent in a realistic device under operating conditions. The fully atomistic calculations include the combined effects of electron-phonon and electron-photon coupling, as well as finite bias and temperature. Excellent agreement with experiment shows that this method could be widely useful for physicists and engineers alike to benchmark tomorrow’s optoelectronic devices. [Phys. Rev. Applied 10, 014026] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 2331-7019
    Thema: Physik
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): J. Forneris, S. Ditalia Tchernij, P. Traina, E. Moreva, N. Skukan, M. Jakšić, V. Grilj, F. Bosia, E. Enrico, G. Amato, I.P. Degiovanni, B. Naydenov, F. Jelezko, M. Genovese, and P. Olivero Diamond is a promising material for innovative electronic devices, radiation detectors, and integrated platforms for quantum technologies, but with a major hurdle: Deep levels in diamond’s band gap act as charge-carrier traps, causing electric-field inhomogeneities and memory effects. Conventional techniques cannot provide a direct, unambiguous picture of the local field distribution in the defective material. This study use the sensitivity of the native nitrogen-vacancy defect itself to measure the local internal electric field, for a clear view of the inner workings of diamond devices. [Phys. Rev. Applied 10, 014024] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 2331-7019
    Thema: Physik
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  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Amel Derras-Chouk, Eugene M. Chudnovsky, and Dmitry A. Garanin Large thermal fluctuations can destroy skyrmions - tiny speckles of rotated magnetization in two-dimensional films. Yet at low temperatures skyrmions are believed to be topologically stable, which makes them good candidates for data storage and processing. However, as the authors demonstrate here, even at zero temperature a nanoscale skyrmion is not protected against quantum decay. The theory is based on the imaginary-time dynamics of the skyrmion. Due to the fact that even the smallest skyrmion is still formed by many atomic spins, its quantum decay provides an example of a nanoscale Schrödinger’s cat that one can study with modern measuring techniques. [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024423] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Julien Garaud, Alberto Corticelli, Mihail Silaev, and Egor Babaev Disorder in two-band superconductors with repulsive interband interaction induces a frustrated competition between the phase-locking preferences of the various potential and kinetic terms. This frustrated interaction can result in the formation of an s + i s superconducting state that breaks the time-r... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 014520] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Superfluidity and superconductivity
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Hui Hu, Brendan C. Mulkerin, Jia Wang, and Xia-Ji Liu We theoretically investigate how quasiparticle properties of an attractive Fermi polaron are affected by nonzero temperature and finite impurity concentration in three dimensions and in free space. By applying both non-self-consistent and self-consistent many-body T -matrix theories, we calculate the... [Phys. Rev. A 98, 013626] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Matter waves and collective properties of cold atoms and molecules
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Digitale ISSN: 1094-1622
    Thema: Physik
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Tonmoy K. Bhowmick, Amrit De, and Roger K. Lake In the Kerr rotation geometry, magneto-optic memory devices typically suffer from low figure-of-merit (FOM) and long write times. We show that skyrmions formed at the interface of a thin-film multiferroic and a topological insulator can give rise to high FOM magneto-optic Kerr effects (MOKEs). Huge ... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 024424] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Haowen Wang, Wei Wang, Ni Hu, Tianci Duan, Songliu Yuan, Shuai Dong, Chengliang Lu, and Jun-Ming Liu Spintronics based on antiferromagnets (rather than ferromagnets) continues to garner intense interest, as antiferromagnets offer no stray fields and ultrafast spin dynamics. However, there is a significant performance gap between antiferromagnetic (AFM) insulators and metals. This study reports the remarkable electronic properties of a series of AFM doped iridates—findings that close the aforementioned performance gap, and furthermore unveil the physics of the coupling between magnetic and charge degrees of freedom in this family of transition-metal oxides. [Phys. Rev. Applied 10, 014025] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Digitale ISSN: 2331-7019
    Thema: Physik
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): H. Dai et al. (Jefferson Lab Hall A Collaboration) To probe CP violation in the leptonic sector using GeV energy neutrino beams in current and future experiments using argon detectors, precise models of the complex underlying neutrino and antineutrino interactions are needed. The E12-14-012 experiment at Jefferson Lab Hall A was designed to perform ... [Phys. Rev. C 98, 014617] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Nuclear Reactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2813
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-490X
    Thema: Physik
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Kai Wang, Haizhen Wu, Mengke Ge, Xingang Hou, Ning Liu, Jia He, Wei Xi, and Jun Luo It is well known that surface melting of metal materials is caused by vacancies, and melting proceeds layer by layer in theoretical predictions. However, the melting process has rarely been directly investigated in real time at atomic resolution. Herein, the (200) surface-melting process of Cu nanop... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 045425] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Neng Wang, Shubo Wang, Zhao-Qing Zhang, and C. T. Chan Using a multiple scattering technique, we derived closed-form expressions for effective constitutive parameters and electro/magneto-strictive tensor components for 2D bianisotropic metamaterials. Using the principle of virtual work, we obtained the electromagnetic stress tensor that can be used to c... [Phys. Rev. B 98, 045426] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Surface physics, nanoscale physics, low-dimensional systems
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Digitale ISSN: 1095-3795
    Thema: Physik
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): M. Catillo and L. Ya. Glozman The chirally symmetric baryon parity-doublet model can be used as an effective description of the baryon-like objects in the chirally symmetric phase of QCD. Recently it has been found that above the critical temperature, higher chiral spin symmetries emerge in QCD. It is demonstrated here that the ... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 014030] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Strong Interactions
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): David Camarena and Valerio Marra The current 3.8 σ tension between local [A. G. Riess et al. , arXiv:1804.10655 .] and global [N. Aghanim et al. (Planck Collaboration), Astron. Astrophys. 596 , A107 (2016) .] measurements of H 0 cannot be fully explained by the concordance Λ CDM model. It could be produced by unknown systematics or by p... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 023537] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Rajibul Shaikh We study shadows cast by a certain class of rotating wormholes and point out the crucial role of a rotating wormhole throat in the formation of a shadow. Overlooking this crucial role of a wormhole throat has resulted in incomplete results in the previous studies on shadows of the same class of rota... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 024044] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): General relativity, alternative theories of gravity
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Stefano Anselmi, Pier-Stefano Corasaniti, Glenn D. Starkman, Ravi K. Sheth, and Idit Zehavi Due to late-time nonlinearities, the location of the acoustic peak in the two-point galaxy correlation function is a redshift-dependent quantity, and thus it cannot be simply employed as a cosmological standard ruler. This has motivated the recent proposal of a novel ruler, also located in the baryo... [Phys. Rev. D 98, 023527] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Cosmology
    Print ISSN: 0556-2821
    Digitale ISSN: 1089-4918
    Thema: Physik
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2018-07-26
    Beschreibung: Author(s): Jianjun Lin, Huisu Chen, and Wenxiang Xu With the advances in artificial particle synthesis, it is possible to create particles with unique shapes. Particle shape becomes a feasible parameter for tuning the percolation behavior. How to accurately predict the percolation threshold by particle characteristics for arbitrary particles has arou... [Phys. Rev. E 98, 012134] Published Wed Jul 25, 2018
    Schlagwort(e): Statistical Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Digitale ISSN: 1550-2376
    Thema: Physik
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