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  • 2020-2020
  • 2015-2019  (4.201.520)
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  • 1
    Signatur: Z 06.0500
    Materialart: Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Seiten: 30 cm
    ISSN: 1824-7741
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorgänger Geologisch-paläontologische Mitteilungen, Innsbruck
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Anmerkung: Ersch. unregelmäßig , Beiträge teilweise in Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    [Edgecumbe, N.Z.] : A. Muller
    Signatur: M 15.89146
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: An account of the results of the 2 March 1987 earthquake in the eastern Bay of Plenty and the aftermath's effects on the people and places on the Rangitaiki Plains
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 223 S., , Ill.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Signatur: IASS 15.89494
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: Losebl.-Ausg.
    Ausgabe: Stand: Oktober 2010
    ISBN: 9783768501828
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Zweigbibliothek: IASS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Garmisch-Partenkirchen : Institut für atmosphärische Umweltforschung der Fraunhofer- Gesellschaft
    Signatur: MOP 44829 / Mitte
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 25 S. , graph. Darst.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Stuttgart : Schweizerbart Science Publishers ; Volume 1, number 1 (1978)-
    Signatur: M 18.91571
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 134 Seiten
    ISSN: 2363-7196
    Serie: Global tectonics and metallogeny : special issue Vol. 10/2-4
    Klassifikation:
    Tektonik
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Global tectonics and metallogeny
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin oben
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Leningrad : Gidrometeorolog. Izd.
    Signatur: MOP 33767
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 663 S.
    Sprache: Russisch
    Anmerkung: In kyrill. Schr., russ.
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    London : Penguin Books
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    ISBN: 9780141985206
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: IASS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Madrid : Secc
    Signatur: PIK N 456-17-90913
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 536 Seiten
    Serie: Ministerio de Transportes Turismo Y Comunicaciones : Publicación Serie A 114
    Paralleltitel: 1,1=6; 2,1=13 von Publicaciones / D / Ministerio del Aire, Subsecretaria de Aviación Civil, Servicio Meteorológico Nacional
    Sprache: Spanisch
    Standort: A 18 - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: PIK Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Monographie Präsenzbestand
    Monographie Präsenzbestand
    Leiden : Nijhoff ; 1.2009 -
    Signatur: IASS 17.92082
    Materialart: Monographie Präsenzbestand
    ISSN: 1876-8814
    Sprache: Englisch
    Zweigbibliothek: IASS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    München : Altop Verlag ; 2007 -
    Signatur: Z 19.92410
    Materialart: Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Seiten: 30 cm
    ISSN: 1865-4266
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Nachhaltiges Wirtschaften in Deutschland
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Ungezählte Beil. ab 2010: Special , Ersch. jährl. 4x
    Zweigbibliothek: IASS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Signatur: MOP 19538/1d-6d
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 111 S.
    ISSN: 0486-2287
    Sprache: Russisch
    Anmerkung: In kyrill. Schr.
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Signatur: AWI A3-20-93434
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 1
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 121 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,1
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Signatur: AWI A3-20-93434-2
    In: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin, Band XXXII, Heft 2
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 218 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Serie: Meteorologische Abhandlungen / Institut für Meteorologie und Geophysik der Freien Universität Berlin 32,2
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Zugleich: Dissertation, Freie Unversität Berlin, [ca. 1963] , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS PROBLEMSTELLUNG UND ZIELSETZUNG 1. BEMERKUNGEN ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSGELÄNDE UND ZUM BEOBACHTUNGSMATERIAL 1.1 Das Beobachtungsgelände 1.2 Das Beobachtungsmaterial 2. HOMOGENITÄTSBETRACHTUNGEN 2.1 Temperatur 2.2 Niederschlag 2.3 Wind 2.4 Sonnenschein und Bewölkung 3. TEMPERATURVERHÄLTNISSE 3.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 3.2 Tageswerte 3.3 Pentadenwerte 3.4 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 3.5 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 3.6 Der tägliche Gang 3.7 Vorkommen bestimmter Schwellenwerte 3.71 Frost- und Eistage 3.72 Sommer- und Tropentage 4. DER WASSERGEHALT DER LUFT 4.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 4.2 Tageswerte 4.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 4.4 Interdiurne Veränderlichkeit 4.5 Der tägliche Gang 5. BEWÖLKUNGSVERHÄLTNISSE 5.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 5.2 Tageswerte 5.3 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 5.4 Der tägliche Gang 5.5 Heitere und trübe Tage 5.6 Nebel 6. SONNENSCHEIN 6.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 6.2 Tageswerte 6.3 Der tägliche Gang 7. NIEDERSCHLAGSVERHÄLTNISSE 7.1 Monats- und Jahreswerte 7.2 Niederschlagsbereitschaft 7.3 Tageswerte 7.4 Der tägliche Gang 7.5 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 7.6 Niederschlags- und Trockenperioden 7.7 Niederschlag und Wind· 7.8 Schneeverhältnisse 7.81 Schneefall und Schneedecke 7.82 Schneehöhe 7.9 Gewitter 8. WINDVERHÄLTNISSE 8.1 Windrichtung 8.2 Windgeschwindigkeit 8.21 Der jährliche Gang 8.22 Häufigkeitsbetrachtungen 8.23 Sturmtage und Windstillen 8.24 Der tägliche Gang 9.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG VERZEICHNIS DER TEXTTABELLEN VERZEICHNIS DER ABBILDUNGEN LITERATURVERZEICHNIS TABELLENANHANG
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Signatur: S 90.0066(162,1)
    In: Geologisches Jahrbuch / A
    Materialart: Schriftenreihen ausleihbar
    Seiten: 261 Seiten , Ill., 1 DVD-ROM (12 cm) und 1 Tafel-Beil. ([2] S.)
    ISBN: 9783510968534
    Serie: Geologisches Jahrbuch 162
    Klassifikation:
    Ingenieurgeophysik
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: Kompaktmagazin unten
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Signatur: PIK N 453-17-91096
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 50 Seiten , Illustrationen, Diagramme
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: A 18 - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: PIK Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Signatur: (DE-599)GBV03709842X
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Standort: MOP - Bitte bestellen
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Signatur: 3/S 07.0034(2016)
    In: Annual report
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 51 Seiten
    ISSN: 1865-6439 , 1865-6447
    Paralleltitel: Erscheint auch als Annual report ... / Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres
    Sprache: Englisch
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    Signatur: AWI G6-19-92375
    In: Berichte / Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften, Nr. 9
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 278 Seiten , Illustrationen
    ISSN: 0175-9302
    Serie: Berichte / Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Institut für Geowissenschaften 9
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Zugleich: Dissertation, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 1999 , INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 1. Einleitung 1.1 Kenntnisstand und offene Fragen 1.2 Fragestellung und Ziele dieser Arbeit 2. Umweltbedingungen in den Arbeitsgebieten 2.1 Hydrographie, Eisverhältnisse und NAO 2.2 Zur Variation von Wassertiefe und Breite der Dänemarkstraße und zur Vereisung Islands während des letzten Glazials 3. Methoden 3.1 Auswahl der Kernstationen 3.2 Probennahme und Analysen (Übersicht) 3.3 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Oberflächenwasser Zur Aussage stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse in planktischen Foraminiferen Zur Messung stabiler Isotopenverhältnisse Zur Massenspektrometrie Zur Rekonstruktion von Oberflächentemperaturen Alkane und Alkohole als Maß für Staubeintrag Eistranspmtiertes Material und vulkanische Aschen 3.4 Zur Rekonstruktion von Paläobedingungen im Zwischen-/ Tiefenwasser Häufigkeit von Cibicides- und anderen benthischen Arten (inkl. Taxonomie) Stabile Isotopenverhältnisse in benthischen Foraminiferen 3.5 AMS 14C-Datierungen Probenreinigung 3. 6 Hauptelementanalysen von vulkanischen Asche-Leithorizonten 3. 7 Geomagnetische Meßgrößen und magnetische Suszeptibiltät 3.8 Techniken zur Spektralanalyse 4. Methodische Ergebnisse 4.1 Zum Einfluß der Probenreinigung auf δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte 4.2 Probleme bei der langfristigen Reproduzierbarkeit von δ18O-Zeitreihen 4.3 Einfluß der Korngröße und Artendefinition planktischer Foraminiferen auf SST-Rekonstruktionen in hohen Breiten 4.4 Vergleich der stabilen Isotopenwerte von Cibicides lobatulus und Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi 5. Stratigraphische Grundlagen und Tiefenprofile der Klimasignale 5.1 Stratigraphische Korrelation zwischen parallel-gekernten GKG- und SL-/KL-Profilen 5.2 Flanktische δ18O-/ δ13C-Kurven, 14C-Alter und biostratigraphische Fixpunkte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Kern 23351 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.3 Benthische δ18O-/ δ13C-Werte in Kern PS2644 5.4 Siliziklastische Sedimentkomponenten: Eistransportiertes Material Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.5 Vulkanische Glasscherben in Kern PS2644: Wind- und Eiseintrag 5.6 Geochemie und Alter einzelner Tephralagen als Leithorizonte Westliches Islandbecken Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 Kern PS2647 Vøring-Plateau Kern 23071 Kern 23074 5.7 Magnetische Suszeptibilität in den Kernen PS2644, PS2646 und PS2647 Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 5.8 Geomagnetische Feldintensität und Richtungsänderungen in Kern PS2644 5.9 Variation von Planktonfauna und -flora Westliches Islandbecken: Kern PS2644 Kern PS2646 und PS2647 Vøring-Plateau: Kern 23071 und 23074 5.10 Benthische Foraminiferen in Kern PS2644 6. Entwicklung von Temperatur und Salzgehalt nördlich der Dänemark-Straße 6.1 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Planktonforaminiferen 6.2 Variation der Oberflächentemperatur nach Uk37 6.3 Variation der Oberflächensalinität 7. Die Feinstratigraphie von Kern PS2644 als Basis für eine Eichung der 14C-Altersskala 22 - 55 ka 7.1 Korrelation zwischen den Klimasignalen in Kern PS2644 und der GISP2-Klimakurve zum Kalibrieren der 14C-Alter und Erstellen eines Altersmodells Tephrachronologische Marker Korrelationsparameter und -regeln Sonderfälle/ Probleme bei der Korrelation 7.2 Alters-stratigraphische Korrelation der Klimakurven von Kern 23071 und 23074 7.3 Variation der Altersanomalien zwischen 20 und 55 14C-ka 7.4 Variabilität des planktischen 14C-Reservoiralters in Schmelzwasserbeeinflußten Seegebieten Variation der planktischen 14C-Alter unmittelbar an der Basis von Heinrich-Ereignis 4 Unterschiede zwischen planktischen und benthischen 14C-Altern in der westlichen Islandsee. Zur Erklärung der inversen Altersdifferenzen 7.5 Differenz zwischen 14C- und Kalenderalter: Zeitliche Variation unter Einfluß des Erdmagnetfeldes - Modell und Befund 7.6 Sedimentationsraten der Kerne 23071, 23074 und PS2644 nach dem GISP2-Altersmodell Vøring-Plateau: Kerne 23071 und 23074 Südwest-Islandsee: Kern PS2644 8. Klimaoszillationen im Europäischen Nordmeer in der Zeit und Frequenzdomäne 8.1 "Der Einzelzyklus" in den Klimakurven von Kern PS2644 8.2 Zur Veränderlichkeit der Warm- und Kaltextreme sowie Zyklenlänge Besonderheiten in der Zyklenlänge Variation der Kalt-(Stadiale) Variation der Interstadiale 8.3 Periodizitäten der Klimasignale im Frequenzband der D.-Oe.-Zyklen. Der D.-Oe.-Zyklus von 1470 J., seine Multiplen und harmonischen Schwingungen Weitere Frequenzen: 1000-1150 Jahre- und 490- 510 Jahre-Zyklizitäten Höhere Frequenzen im Bereich von Jahrhunderten und Dekaden 8.4 Phasenbeziehungen und (örtliche) Steuemngsmechanismen der Dansgaard-Oeschger-Zyklen 9. Schlußfolgerungen Danksagung Literaturverzeichnis Anhang
    Standort: AWI Lesesaal
    Zweigbibliothek: AWI Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
  • 20
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Tübingen : Mohr Siebeck ; 1.1884 - 48.1931; N.F. 1.1932/33 - 10.1943/44(1945),3; 11.1948/49(1949) -
    Signatur: ZS 22.95039
    Materialart: Zeitschrift ausleihbar
    Seiten: Online-Ressource
    ISSN: 1614-0974 , 0015-2218 , 0015-2218
    Sprache: Deutsch , Englisch
    Anmerkung: N.F. entfällt ab 57.2000. - Volltext auch als Teil einer Datenbank verfügbar , Ersch. ab 2000 in engl. Sprache mit dt. Hauptsacht.
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 21
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Monographie ausleihbar
    Bielefeld : Transcript-Verl.
    Signatur: IASS 22.95033
    Materialart: Monographie ausleihbar
    Seiten: 378 S , 225 mm x 135 mm
    ISBN: 3899421876 , 978-3-89942-187-3
    Serie: Edition panta rei
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Anmerkung: Zugl.: Marburg (Lahn), Univ., Habil.-Schr., 2004 u.d.T.: Gutmann, Mathias: Die Medialität des Erfahrens
    Zweigbibliothek: IASS Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Quelle: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Thema: Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unbekannt
    Wien : [Verlag nicht ermittelbar] ; 22.1910/25(1925),3; 23.1914/31(1929/31),2-3; 24.1927,1-2; 25.1939,1; 26.1948,1; 27.1971-Band 76 (2022)
    Signatur: S 91.1179
    ISSN: 0375-5797 , 0378-0864
    Paralleltitel: 35=2 von European Conodont Symposium (ZDB) Guidebook, abstracts / European Conodont Symposium
    Paralleltitel: 41=2 von Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera (ZDB) Proceedings / Workshop on Agglutinated Foraminifera. Geologische Bundesanstalt
    Paralleltitel: 39=3 von International Nannoplankton Association Proceedings of the ... International Nannoplankton Association conference
    Paralleltitel: 60=11 von Deutsche Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften. Fachsektion GeoTop Internationale Jahrestagung der Fachsektion GeoTop der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Geowissenschaften
    Vorheriger Titel: Vorg. Geologische Reichsanstalt Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Geologischen Reichsanstalt, Wien
    Nachfolgender Titel: Fortgesetzt durch Abhandlungen
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Zweigbibliothek: GFZ Bibliothek
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 25
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-04
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. Finally, the classical formula by Heiskanen and Moritz (1967) is used for quasi-geoid to geoid conversion. The accuracy of the geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.7 cm. The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
    Materialart: Dataset , Dataset
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 26
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-08-04
    Beschreibung: Abstract
    Beschreibung: The ColLSMSA-KTH2019 gravimetric quasi-geoid model has been computed by the University of Gävle, the Lantmäteriet and the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden. The model has been worked out in the frame of the International Association of Geodesy Joint Working Group 2.2.2 "The 1 cm geoid experiment" and the so called "Colorado experiment". The area covered by the model is 251°E ≤ longitude ≤ 257°E, 36°N ≤ latitude ≤ 39°N with a grid spacing of 1' in both latitude and in longitude. The quasi-geoid is computed using a two-step procedure. First, the terrestrial and de-biased airborne gravity anomalies are gridded using a Remove-Compute-Restore technique and three-dimensional Least Squares Collocation (LSC) with spherical Tscherning and Rapp (1974) type of covariance functions. This step achieves downward continuation of the airborne gravity data and combination with the terrestrial observations. In the second step, the resulting surface gravity anomaly grid is used to compute height anomalies by using Least Squares Modification of Stokes’ formula with Additive corrections (LSMSA or KTH method). The GEOID17RefB global gravity model up to degree 2190 is used in the first gridding step, while the satellite-only GOCO05S model up to degree 240 is used in the second step. The accuracy of the quasi-geoid model, when compared against GSVS17 GPS/leveling, is equal to 2.8 cm. The quasi-geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
    Beschreibung: Other
    Beschreibung: The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
    Schlagwort(e): Geodesy ; Geoid model ; ISG ; Least Squares modification of Stokes integral with additive corrections ; Colorado experiment ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEODETICS 〉 GEOID CHARACTERISTICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD 〉 GRAVITY
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  • 27
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    In:  GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Globalisierung, Digitalisierung und nachhaltige Entwicklung: Der Wandel der Welt geht einher mit Konflikten und Widersprüchen zwischen diesen Transformationen. Wie können demokratisch verfasste Gesellschaften mit solchen Konflikten konstruktiv umgehen? Transdisziplinäre Ansätze integrieren prozess-, sach- und strategiebezogenes Wissen und führen im Idealfall zu einer Konfliktlösung.
    Beschreibung: In light of the three major global transformations of globalization, digitalization and sustainabilization scientific research faces new challenges and targets. Scientific studies are supposed to provide background knowledge, to facilitate the desired transformations and to offer assistance for resolving the conflicts and tensions that arise in the course of these three transformations. Concepts such as transformative, transdisciplinary or co-creative research elucidate the direction in which scientific research finds its new role(s). Based on the discussion of these concepts that are central to the readership of GAIA, the article analyzes a new modular concept for a transdisciplinary scientific approach combining and integrating classic curiosity-driven research with goal-oriented (advocacy) knowledge and catalytic, process-oriented expertise. This integration leads to a process of co-creation aimed at merging different knowledge pools and providing orientation for collective action.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 28
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    Unbekannt
    acatech – Deutsche Akademie der Technikwissenschaften, Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina – Nationale Akademie der Wissenschaften –, Union der deutschen Akademien der Wissenschaften
    In:  Schriftenreihe Energiesysteme der Zukunft
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Proteste gegen den Ausbau von Stromtrassen und Windparks zeigen: Technische Lösungen allein reichen nicht aus, um den Umbau des Energiesystems voranzubringen. Bürgerinnen und Bürger wollen die Energiewende mitgestalten und sich in Planungs- und Entscheidungsprozesse einbringen. Doch welche Kommunikations- und Partizipationsverfahren tragen dazu bei, die Energiewende effektiv, fair und sozialverträglich zu gestalten? Das Akademienprojekt „Energiesysteme der Zukunft“ (ESYS) hat in seiner Analyse „Partizipation und Kommunikation in der Energiewende“ verschiedene Instrumente untersucht. Die Autorinnen und Autoren empfehlen, bei Entscheidungen über neue Technologien, Anlagen oder Netzen einen frühzeitigen und transparenten Dialog mit allen Beteiligten zu führen. Nur so kann die Politik Lösungen finden, die sachorientiert, nachvollziehbar und angemessen sind.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 29
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Der Expertentext „Zehn Thesen zum Klimaschutz“ wurde von der Kommission für gesellschaftliche und soziale Fragen erarbeitet und vom Ständigen Rat der Deutschen Bischofskonferenz im Januar verabschiedet. Ausgehend von einer Darstellung der Notwendigkeit des Klimaschutzes auch aus sozialethischer Perspektive werden auf Grundlage von ökonomischen, natur- und rechtswissenschaftlichen Überlegungen Empfehlungen mit konkreten Umsetzungsschritten zum Klimaschutz dargelegt. Reflexionen zur Vorbildfunktion der Kirche, auch unter Verweis auf die jüngst veröffentlichte Arbeitshilfe „Schöpfungsverantwortung als kirchlicher Auftrag. Handlungsempfehlungen zu Ökologie und nachhaltiger Entwicklung für die deutschen (Erz-)Diözesen“, schließen den Text ab.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 30
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    In:  Theory, culture & society
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: The Anthropocene concept allows human history to be imagined within the temporal framework of planetary processes. Accordingly, some environmentalists increasingly favour massively lengthening the temporal horizons of moral concern. Whilst there are defensible reasons for doing so, I wish to take issue with the ‘secular time’ perspective underlying some such approaches. To make my case, I present, in the first section, two recent manifestations of the long view perspective: a) ‘deep future’ narratives in popular climate science and futurism; b) the ideas behind the Long Now Foundation. In the second section, I apply a critical lens to these perspectives via classic analyses of secular time by Charles Taylor, Hannah Arendt and Giorgio Agamben. I conclude by suggesting that these post-secular critiques should be considered alongside recent approaches to the Anthropocene and the ‘geological turn’ from new materialist perspectives.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 31
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Energiewende. Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einführung
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: In diesem Kapitel wird Partizipation in der Energiewende, also die Beteiligung von Einzelpersonen, Institutionen und anderen Akteuren an Planungsverfahren, Energiewende-Strategien, konkreten Umsetzungsmaßnahmen und an Energieanlagen selbst behandelt. Die Beteiligungsformen werden differenziert in politische und soziale Partizipation (z. B. Öffentlichkeitsbeteiligung), bürgerschaftliches Engagement und materiell-finanzielle Partizipation (z. B. Bürgerenergie) sowie Optionen der direkten Demokratie (z. B. Referenden) und Arrangements partizipativer Governance (z. B. Klimaschutzrat) dargestellt. Näher betrachtet werden das Warum von Partizipation und die Effekte von Beteiligung. Abschließend werden Transformationen von Beteiligungsarten und -verhalten der vergangenen Jahre werden diskutiert.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 32
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    In:  Governance, Risk and Financial Impact of Mega Disasters. Lessons from Japan | Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: In this article, I aim to delineate the genesis and analytical scope of risk governance. Risk governance pertains to the various ways in which many actors, individuals and institutions, public and private, deal with risks surrounded by uncertainty, complexity and/or ambiguity. The ambition is that risk governance provides a conceptual as well as normative basis for how to deal responsibly with complex risks. I propose to synthesize the body of scholarly ideas and proposals on the governance of risks in a set of management regimes: the combination of risk-based, precautionary and discourse-based management regimes. This set of regimes should be read as a synthesis of what needs to be seriously considered in organizing structures and processes to govern risks and to include stakeholders in the assessment and evaluation of risks.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 33
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    Verlag Barbara Budrich GmbH
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Populistische Strömungen gewinnen weltweit an Resonanz, gleichzeitig beobachten wir ein tiefes Misstrauen in die Problemlösungsfähigkeit der Politik, in die Fairness der Wirtschaft und die Unabhängigkeit der Wissenschaft. Der Soziologe und Risikoforscher Ortwin Renn führt diese Tendenzen auf gesellschaftliche Verunsicherung angesichts gesellschaftlicher Veränderung und Komplexität zurück. In seinem Buch untersucht er die aktuellen gesellschaftlichen Ängste, ihre Ursachen und Folgen. Aufklärend zielt Renn darauf, Verunsicherung abzubauen. Zudem will Renn mit diesem Buch mehr Zuversicht in die Leistungskraft der zentralen gesellschaftlichen Institutionen, aber auch mehr Zutrauen in die eigene Gestaltungskraft wecken. Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit den Ängsten in unserer Gesellschaft, ihrer Wahrnehmung, ihren Gründen und ihrer Wirkung. Was ängstigt die Menschen derzeit genau? Was bedroht uns? Woher kommen diese Ängste? Wie können wir individuell und kollektiv besser damit umgehen? Und was macht es mit unserer Gesellschaft, wenn die Angst zu mächtig wird?
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 34
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Democracy is in crisis. As neo-Nazis, right-wing populists, and authoritarians, old and new, stake their claims around the world, democracy faces its greatest challenge yet. The only way to save it is to change it. Democracy as we know it is flawed. The three pillars that divide power in liberal democracy - the executive, legislative, and judicial - keep citizens from making decisions about policies that affect them most. For a true democracy to flourish, argue Patrizia Nanz and Claus Leggewie, we need a fourth pillar: the consultative. This short and accessible guide to new kind of political engagement offers a chronicle of the political past and present - including an important analysis of right-wing populism's recent and historic allure - and a robust analysis of the accomplishments of protest movements and citizens' groups. With a rare optimism, which values the wisdom of the masses over the narrow-mindedness of today's tyrants, this guide is a modern call-to-arms for a more democratic future.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 35
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    In:  G20 Insights Policy Briefs - Social Cohesion, Global Governance and the Future of Politics
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: The relationship between many G20 governments and civil society organizations (CSOs) has become more complex and often contested. This policy brief first focuses on three key problems indicative of this strained relationship: the shrinking domestic and international space for civil society activities; the widespread policy neglect of civil society; and the emergence of new regulatory voids. In essence, governments, international agencies and CSOs have to find more optimal modes of engagement at national and international levels. Next, as an initial step to explore ways and means for improving the relationship between civil society and G20 governments, the brief proposes the establishment of an international task force of independent experts.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 36
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-18
    Beschreibung: Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) as a solar radiation management (SRM) technology may provide a cost-effective means of avoiding some of the worst impacts of climate change, being perhaps orders of magnitude less expensive than greenhouse gas emissions mitigation. At the same time, SAI technologies have deeply uncertain economic and environmental impacts and complex ethical, legal, political, and international relations ramifications. Robust governance strategies are needed to manage the many potential benefits, risks, and uncertainties related to SAI. This perspective reviews the International Risk Governance Council (IRGC)’s guidelines for emerging risk governance (ERG) as an approach for responsible consideration of SAI, given the IRGC’s experience in governing other more conventional risks. We examine how the five steps of the IRGC’s ERG guidelines would address the complex, uncertain, and ambiguous risks presented by SAI. Diverse risks are identified in Step 1, scenarios to amplify or dissipate the risks are identified in Step 2, and applicable risk management options identified in Step 3. Steps 4 and 5 involve implementation and review by risk managers within an established organization. For full adoption and promulgation of the IRGC’s ERG guidelines, an international consortium or governing body (or set of bodies) should be tasked with governance and oversight. This Perspective provides a first step at reviewing the risk governance tasks that such a body would undertake and contributes to the growing literature on best practices for SRM governance.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 37
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-08-26
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 38
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    In:  The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-01-14
    Beschreibung: Time is discussed as a framework within which social interactions take place, a structure for synchronization and a resource for planning activities and projects. The centrality of time for cultural development is argued to be rooted in the relationship to finitude, change, and the rhythmicity of nature. Calendars facilitated social structuring, synchronization, and regulation, clock time the commodification and compression of time. With networked information and communication technologies, global simultaneity and instantaneity have displaced duration and distance and clock time is losing some of its all‐embracing relevance. Each of these technologies has changed the meaning of time, its cultural significance and, as such, impacted on social organization.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 39
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    Unbekannt
    In:  Methodenhandbuch Bürgerbeteiligung. Moderationsphasen produktiv gestalten | Methodenhandbuch Bürgerbeteiligung
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Spätestens die Proteste gegen die Erweiterung des Flughafens in Frankfurt am Main, den Bau der Dresdner Waldschlößchenbrücke oder Stuttgart 21 haben gezeigt: Die Bürgerinnen und Bürger möchten auf die konkrete Ausgestaltung ihres unmittelbaren Lebensumfeldes stärker als bisher Einfluss nehmen. Durch eine frühzeitige Einbindung der Bürgerschaft in Entscheidungsprozesse lassen sich u. a. mögliche Konflikte zeitiger erkennen und einvernehmliche Lösungen erarbeiten. Das kann mehr Akzeptanz für Entscheidungen schaffen und hilft langfristig auch, Geld zu sparen. Das praxisorientierte »Methodenhandbuch Bürgerbeteiligung« stellt dafür ein breites Set an Methoden vor, die von der Beteiligungsplanung bis zur Lern- und Ergebnistransfersicherung reichen und auch das Thema Online-Beteiligung berücksichtigen. Es richtet sich u. a. an kommunale Verwaltungen, Politik, Vereine, Bürgerinitiativen, Prozessgestalter und erscheint in fünf Bänden. Band 4: Meistens sind Beteiligungsprozesse interaktiv aufgebaut und wirken grundsätzlich belebend. Dabei zeigt die Praxis: Erfahrene Moderatoren intervenieren regelmäßig mit kleineren Methoden und können so die Produktivität von Beteiligungsverfahren verbessern. Dafür eignen sich etwa Teambildungs- und Feedbacktechniken aber auch Entspannungs- und Wiederholungs-techniken. Der vierte Band stellt 27 dieser Methoden vor.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 40
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    In:  Journal of travel medicine
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Humans have a long history of mobility on a spectrum from voluntary migration to forced displacement in response to social, political and environmental change. While many migration drivers exist, climate change is likely to amplify the environmental drivers of migration. At least 1.5°C of warming above pre-industrial levels between 2030 and 2052 are projected if global warming continues to increase at the current rate. The associated impacts are diverse and include temperature and precipitation extremes in most inhabited regions and increased probability of drought and flood. Migration can be an important and useful adaptive response to climate impacts when it increases household resilience and reduces socio-economic vulnerabilities, and yet can also have negative health consequences. The climate–migration–health nexus entails complex interactions including the following: first, climate-related risks to health faced by migrants at all stages of the migration journey. Second, the impacts of migration itself on health with possible specific health implications of climate-related migration. This article provides a brief overview of climate-related migration, identifies climate hotspots where substantial migration and displacement are anticipated and explores the health implications of climate-related migration.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 41
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Der vorliegende praktische Leitfaden richtet sich an Entscheidungsträgerinnen und Entscheidungsträger auf allen Ebenen in jeder Art von Organisation und Unternehmen. Er soll eine bedeutungsvolle, wirksame Reaktion auf die Bewegung Fridays for Future ermöglichen.
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 42
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    World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Climate has for a long time been a taken-for-granted background against which social, political and economic interactions have taken place. But this taken-for-granted background is cleaving. It is becoming hard to ignore the potential repercussions of a changing climate, and the uneven impact of certain forms of human society and energy cultures that risk undermining their own environmental conditions.In a comprehensive and accessible way, this book:Drawing on the insights of various disciplines and citing numerous examples, Society and Climate probes the interplay between society, science and climate, and warns against making any easy assumptions.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 43
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    In:  Kulturpolitische Mitteilungen
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 44
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: All stakeholders, and perhaps especially the public, should acknowledge that sustainable management of complex public risk is always going to be a matter of judgement. Such judgements will always face challenges of uncertainty and controversy and, while there are legitimate questions to be asked about who should make the decision and the effectiveness of their chosen approaches, it is central that decision makers receive a clear mandate and appropriate political support and trust. The concepts discussed encourage approaches to risk that permit it to be intelligently understood and managed. They are intended to foster appropriate approaches to risk decision making by those in authority, to ensure that decision making is proportionate, ethical, fair and trusted, and perceived to be so by those on whose behalf the decisions are made. It is useful to distinguish ‘how the public thinks about risk’ and ‘how public risk perception and choices are thought about by authority’, and both deserve critical scrutiny. Public pressure around environmental risk has promoted a more balanced conception that recognizes decisions are not based only on formalised knowledge about likely impacts and that it is necessary to think more broadly about ways to implement sustainable management actions. However, a similar approach is lacking in other areas, such as lifestyle risk. Cross fertilisation of good practice between different areas will be important for future improvement. It is necessary to achieve a balance between placing greater emphasis upon the contextual logic of public risk choices whilst also promoting the insight available from scientific inquiries based on data acquisition, statistical analysis and probability theory. Ten principles have been developed to address a number of important issues that have arisen from a wide-ranging evaluation of contemporary successes and failures in public risk interventions. The first four principles are intended to guide decision makers on ways to utilise insights into risk concepts in making policy decisions. Principles 5-8 relate to improving the quality of risk analysis and numbers 9 and 10 are suggestions for helping the public to make better risk decisions for themselves. Finally, an additional principle, number 11, acknowledges that we live in a dynamic world and reminds policy makers that this includes a need to respond to developments in approaches to the consideration and management of risk.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 45
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    In:  Transdisziplinär und transformativ forschen, Band 2. Eine Methodensammlung | Research
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 46
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Reducing CO2 emissions through a shift from coal to natural gas power plants is a key strategy to support pathways for climate stabilization. However, methane leakage in the natural gas supply chain and emissions of a variety of climate forcers call the net benefits of this transition into question. Here, we integrated a life cycle inventory model with multiple global and regional emission metrics and investigated the impacts of representative coal and gas power plants in China, Germany, India and the United States. We found that the coal-to-gas shift is consistent with climate stabilization objectives for the next 50-100 years. Our finding is robust under a range of leakage rates and uncertainties in emissions data and metrics. It becomes conditional to the leakage rate in some locations only if we employ a set of metrics that essentially focus on short-term effects. Our case for the coal-to-gas shift is stronger than previously found, reinforcing the support for coal phase-out.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 47
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/other
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  • 48
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    In:  Industrie 4.0 Management
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Digitalisierung und Globalisierung sind eng mit den Bemühungen um nachhaltige Entwicklung verknüpft, aber sie werden diese nur fördern, wenn sie bewusst nach Prinzipien der Nachhaltigkeit gestaltet werden. Dazu benötigen wir mehr Abstimmung und Dialog mit allen beteiligten Akteuren.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 49
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-07-17
    Beschreibung: A compelling body of research demonstrates associations between urban design and health, but this research is often not reflected in urban policies. This article reviews the literature on the science and practice of translating health research into urban policy and planning. Two Australian case studies demonstrate how policy frameworks can help guide evidence-based planning for healthy urban environments. To influence city planning, health researchers need to undertake policy-relevant research and understand policymaking processes. Policy frameworks can assist researchers to tailor research evidence and research translation strategies to the political and policymaking context. Strong links between urban policymakers and health researchers can help bridge the knowledge-policy divide. Policy frameworks can help researchers to identify and capitalise on windows of opportunity for evidence-based policy change. Doing so increases the likelihood of public health evidence informing urban policies that will create healthy liveable cities.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 50
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-10-30
    Beschreibung: This policy brief offers recommendations for how to meaningfully respond to the Fridays for the Future movement in a way that addresses three key pillars: urgent climate action, participatory future-making and climate justice for young people and future generations.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 51
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    In:  Sosiologen, 19.05.2019
    Publikationsdatum: 2021-07-08
    Beschreibung: Barbara Adam introduserer et tidsbillede-perspektiv, for å forene det som den industrielle levemåde har løsrevet fra hinanden; fænomener og deres kreative processer, teori og praksis, natur og kultur, handlinger i nuet og deres (u)tilsigtede indflydelse.
    Sprache: Dänisch
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  • 52
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    In:  Delphi-Verfahren in den Sozial- und Gesundheitswissenschaften. Konzept, Varianten und Anwendungsbeispiele
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Das Gruppendelphi-Verfahren ist eine Delphi-Variante, bei der die Anonymität der Expert_innen zugunsten eines offenen Austauschs aufgegeben wird. Die Expert_innen werden zu einem gemeinsamen Workshop eingeladen und bewerten in aufeinander folgenden Kleingruppen mit rotierender Zusammensetzung einen standardisierten Fragebogen. Durch den offenen Austausch werden Hintergründe für die Bewertungen offen gelegt und geprüft, ob divergierende Urteile argumentativ oder semantisch aufgelöst werden können oder ein Konsens über den Dissens vorliegt. Am Ende des Gruppendelphi-Workshops liegen in der Regel wesentliche eindeutigere Verteilungen der Urteile und inhaltliche Begründungen für abweichende Urteile vor. Das Gruppendelphi-Verfahren ermöglicht damit einen quantitativen und qualitativen Erkenntnisgewinn. Für die Gesundheitswissenschaften eignet sich das Verfahren vor allem zur inter- und transdisziplinären Konsensfindung, als Evaluationsinstrument und zur diskursiven Untersuchung gesellschaftlicher bzw. settingspezifischer Transformationsprozesse. Voraussetzung ist eine klar umrissene Forschungsfrage, deren Beantwortung eine gewisse Sachkenntnis benötigt. Allerdings wird es im Vergleich zu anderen Delphi-Varianten bisher eher selten eingesetzt.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 53
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    In:  Capitalism in Transformation. Movements and Countermovements in the 21st Century
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: In recent years, manifold ways to deal with the ecological crisis are subsumed under the header “transition/ transformation to sustainability” or even “Great” transformation. This chapter critically discusses the current debate from the perspective of a Polanyian understanding of a Great Transformation. The authors argue that the current debate suffers from a narrow analytical approach to transformation ignoring the dynamics of global capitalism and the power relations involved. Thus, a “new critical orthodoxy” of knowledge about transformation is emerging which runs the danger of contributing to ecologizing capitalism while ignoring the root causes of social-ecological crises. Based on Polanyi, but also on regulation theory, the authors distinguish between three types of transformation which focus either on an adaptation of the current institutional systems or on a new phase of green capitalism. Beside these two types, however, a post-capitalist Great Transformation requires more profound structural changes and exceeds the accumulation imperative as much as other structural constraints of capitalist development.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 54
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    In:  Angewandte Philosophie
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 55
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: This guide for action can be used by policymakers at any level or in any form of government to identify how to redesign governance processes to respond to the Fridays for Future Movement in a way that is meaningful and impactful.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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  • 56
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-05-18
    Beschreibung: The global energy transition is characterised by a myriad of technology options, organisational forms and infrastructural scales across levels of operation. Energy transitions are generally considered to foster sustainable development. However, technologies deemed sustainable in some dimensions can cause environmental or social problems in other dimensions or scales. In addition, freedom and self-determination are desirable features often associated with cooperative bottom-up initiatives. However, these initiatives may not always result in appropriate processes and strategies that span ecological and socio-technical dimensions. Direct participation or better representation of stakeholders ingrained in cooperative structures do not necessarily coalesce social and environmental benefits. We distinguish between different types of participation options across economic, technical and social levels; in line with the concepts of energy citizenship and sovereignty. We also differentiate technical infrastructure dimensions from those that are more political, economic or socially determined. The main purpose of our justice-oriented assessment approach is to make explicit unintended and undesirable effects of transition processes visible, and to capture the impacts of infrastructural and organisational dimensions of energy systems. The assessment of case studies qualitatively along several dimensions (infrastructural, organisational, impact) revealed which externalities result from prosumer-based electricity systems, conventional energy utilities and other organisational systems.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 57
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    In:  Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts- und Unternehmensethik: zfwu
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-09
    Beschreibung: Die soziale Bewegung der Gemeinwohl-Ökonomie (GWÖ) fordert, dass jegliches Wirtschaften dem Gemeinwohl dienen soll. Mit Blick auf einen Mangel an Forschung zur Praxis gemeinwohlorientierten Wirtschaftens haben wir Interviews mit GWÖ-Unternehmen durchgeführt. Wir beleuchten die Eigenschaften und Praktiken gemeinwohlorientierter Unternehmen und diskutieren, warum die GWÖ ein attraktives CSR-Instrument für kleine und mittlere Unternehmen ist.
    Beschreibung: The Economy for the Common Good (ECG) is a social movement that claims that all economic activity should serve the common good. Addressing the lack of research on the common good approach in entrepreneurial practice, we conducted interviews with companies that have joined the ECG. We illuminate common good-oriented companies’ characteristics and practices and discuss why the ECG is an attractive CSR tool for small and medium-sized companies.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 58
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-09-09
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 59
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    In:  Geoengineering our Climate? Ethics, Politics, and Governance | The Earthscan Science in Society Series
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: The emerging climate engineering (CE) debate will be fed by scientific information–and likely by misinformation as well. The first intense, international studies of any type of CE began in the early 1990s with ocean iron fertilisation, a method associated with the carbon dioxide removal branch of CE techniques. The ocean fertilisation experiments and analyses led to discussions by scientists and stakeholders about not only the environmental advantages and disadvantages but also political and ethical concerns. While a major part of the future evolution of CE research will extend on some of the trajectories outlined above, especially the expansion of community-wide multi-model studies, a highly uncertain direction of development involves future field testing of CE. Many CE studies have already been published in the separate disciplines, with only a few interdisciplinary studies so far, and even less trans-disciplinary work.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 60
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    Zed Books Ltd
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Trade is the lifeblood of the global economy, but few would consider it a social good. Instead, our views on trade have polarized between two extremes: ‘free trade’ ideologues who regard trade as an end in itself, and ‘protectionists’ who view it as a destructive force to be contained. But there is another way to trade – one with the interests of people, not profit, at its heart. In this visionary work Christian Felber, founder of the Economy for the Common Good movement, offers a dazzling new paradigm for the global trading order. Confronting the ‘free trade religion’ which has reigned since Adam Smith, Felber champions an alternative approach in which trade serves the wider interests of society, incorporating the key issues of our time: human rights, climate change, and the growing divide richer and poorer countries. He proposes the groundbreaking idea of an ‘Ethical Trade Zone’, founded on a principled approach to tariffs and trade policies, and built with international cooperation on trade, taxation and labour.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 61
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    In:  Energiewende. Eine sozialwissenschaftliche Einführung
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Die gesellschaftliche Akzeptanz von Energieinfrastrukturen und klimapolitischen Maßnahmen stellt einen wesentlichen Erfolgsfaktor für die Transformation des Energiesystems dar. Das folgende Kapitel beschreibt konzeptionelle Grundlagen bezüglich der Definition und Dimensionierung des Akzeptanzbegriffs sowie deren psychologische Grundlagen und beleuchtet relevante Einflussfaktoren auf die Akzeptanz von Energieinfrastrukturen wie Erneuerbaren Energien und dem Ausbau des Stromnetzes. Es werden Praxisbeispiele aus unterschiedlichen Anwendungsfeldern berichtet und konkrete Möglichkeiten diskutiert, auf lokaler Ebene akzeptable Lösungen zu erreichen, wobei die besondere Rolle einer konstruktiven Partizipationskultur für die Akzeptanz und die gesellschaftliche Transformation aufgezeigt wird.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 62
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Der vorliegende praktische Leitfaden richtet sich an politische Entscheidungsträgerinnen und Entscheidungsträger auf jeder Ebene und in jeder Form von Regierung. Er soll helfen, Governance-Prozesse so umzugestalten, dass sie mit einer bedeutungsvollen, wirksamen Reaktion auf die Bewegung Fridays for Future eingehen.
    Sprache: Deutsch
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  • 63
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    Institute for Advanced Sustainability Studies (IASS)
    In:  IASS Brochure
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: This guide for action can be used by decision-makers at any level or in any form of organisation or business to identify how to respond to the Fridays for Future Movement in a way that is meaningful, responsive and impactful.
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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    Format: application/pdf
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  • 64
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    In:  In Publica Commoda. Die Verantwortung der Wissenschaft zur Aufklärung der Gesellschaft. Beiträge zur Konferenz, Göttingen 17. - 19. November 2017 und Bildung für Nachhaltige Entwicklung. 'Bildung' for Sustainable Development. Beiträge zur Konferenz, Göttingen 23. - 24. November 2018
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Deutsch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 65
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    In:  Capitalism in Transformation. Movements and Countermovements in the 21st Century
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Sprache: Englisch
    Materialart: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 66
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    Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Presenting a profound and far-reaching analysis of economic, ecological, social, cultural and political developments of contemporary capitalism, this book draws on the work of Karl Polanyi, and re-reads it for our times. The renowned authors offer key insights to current changes in the relations between the economy, politics and society, and their ecological and social effects. They explore the commodification of land, labour, money, care and knowledge, and analyse labour and social movements, right-wing populism and religious fundamentalism. Bringing together insights from different parts of the world and from historical, theoretical and empirical research, the book sheds light on important facets of the crisis-driven transformation of contemporary capitalism. Social and political science scholars will greatly benefit from this timely analysis of contemporary capitalism. Those researching economic history and the impact of Polanyi’s work on the analysis of the modern society will also find this a useful read.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 67
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: The report highlights the fact that many of the world’s most pressing problems are also incredibly complex — including climate change, environmental pollution, economic crises and the digital transformation of societies. What’s more, the scientific knowledge around these areas can often be uncertain or contested. Science is one of many sources of knowledge that inform policy. Its unique strength is that it is based on rigorous enquiry, continuous analysis and debate, providing a set of evidence that can be respected as valid, relevant and reliable. Science advice supports effective policymaking by providing the best available knowledge, which can then be used to understand a specific problem, generate and evaluate policy options and monitor results of policy implementation. It also provides meaning to the discussion around critical topics within society. The advice works best when it is guided by the ideal of co-creation of knowledge and policy options between scientists and policymakers. The relationship between science advisers and policymakers relies on building mutual trust, where both scientists and policymakers are honest about their values and goals. Scientific knowledge should always inform societal debate and decision-making. Citizens often have their own experiences of the policy issue under consideration and should be included in the ongoing process of deliberation between scientists, policymakers and the public.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 68
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: Cyclic volatile methyl siloxanes (cVMS) are high-production chemicals present in many personal care products. They are volatile, hydrophobic, and relatively long-lived due to slow oxidation kinetics. Evidence from chamber and ambient studies indicates that oxidation products may be found in the condensed aerosol phase. In this work, we use an oxidation flow reactor to produce ∼100 µg m−3 of organosilicon aerosol from OH oxidation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) with aerosol mass fractions (i.e., yields) of 0.2–0.5. The aerosols were assessed for concentration, size distribution, morphology, sensitivity to seed aerosol, hygroscopicity, volatility and chemical composition through a combination of aerosol size distribution measurement, tandem differential mobility analysis, and electron microscopy. Similar aerosols were produced when vapor from solid antiperspirant was used as the reaction precursor. Aerosol yield was sensitive to chamber OH and to seed aerosol, suggesting sensitivity of lower-volatility species and recovered yields to oxidation conditions and chamber operation. The D5 oxidation aerosol products were relatively non-hygroscopic, with an average hygroscopicity kappa of ∼0.01, and nearly non-volatile up to 190 ∘C temperature. Parameters for exploratory treatment as a semi-volatile organic aerosol in atmospheric models are provided.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 69
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    In:  Critical policy studies
    Publikationsdatum: 2020-03-12
    Beschreibung: This article examines the post-truth debate and questions the argument that post-modernism and social constructivism is responsible for post-truth and alternative facts, including in climate denial. The article argues that social constructivism is not the problem but rather an epistemological orientation that helps us better understand the rise of post-truth. Toward this end, the essay examines the way empirical findings are translated into political knowledge and the role of science in “truth regimes”. From this perspective, there is no amount of fact-checking alone that will resolve the post-truth problem. The argument is illustrated with the case of climate denial.
    Sprache: Englisch
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  • 70
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-02
    Beschreibung: Bacteria are surrounded by a protective exoskeleton, peptidoglycan (PG), a cross-linked mesh-like macromolecule consisting of glycan strands interlinked by short peptides. Because PG completely encases the cytoplasmic membrane, cleavage of peptide cross-links is a prerequisite to make space for incorporation of nascent glycan strands for its successful expansion during cell growth. In most bacteria, the peptides consist of l-alanine, d-glutamate, meso-diaminopimelic acid (mDAP) and d-alanine (d-Ala) with cross-links occurring either between d-Ala and mDAP or two mDAP residues. In Escherichia coli, the d-Ala−mDAP cross-links whose cleavage by specialized endopeptidases is crucial for expansion of PG predominate. However, a small proportion of mDAP−mDAP cross-links also exist, yet their role in the context of PG expansion or the hydrolase(s) capable of catalyzing their cleavage is not known. Here, we identified an ORF of unknown function, YcbK (renamed MepK), as an mDAP−mDAP cross-link cleaving endopeptidase working in conjunction with other elongation-specific endopeptidases to make space for efficient incorporation of nascent PG strands into the sacculus. E. coli mutants lacking mepK and another d-Ala−mDAP–specific endopeptidase (mepS) were synthetic sick, and the defects were abrogated by lack of l,d-transpeptidases, enzymes catalyzing the formation of mDAP cross-links. Purified MepK was able to cleave the mDAP cross-links of soluble muropeptides and of intact PG sacculi. Overall, this study describes a PG hydrolytic enzyme with a hitherto unknown substrate specificity that contributes to expansion of the PG sacculus, emphasizing the fundamental importance of cross-link cleavage in bacterial peptidoglycan synthesis.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 71
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-12
    Beschreibung: As monofacial, single-junction solar cells approach their fundamental limits, there has been significant interest in tandem solar cells in the presence of concentrated sunlight or tandem bifacial solar cells with back-reflected albedo. The bandgap sequence and thermodynamic efficiency limits of these complex cell configurations require sophisticated numerical calculation. Therefore, the analyses of specialized cases are scattered throughout the literature. In this paper, we show that a powerful graphical approach called the normalized “Shockley–Queisser (S-Q) triangle” (i.e., imp=1−vmp) is sufficient to calculate the bandgap sequence and efficiency limits of arbitrarily complex photovoltaic (PV) topologies. The results are validated against a wide variety of specialized cases reported in the literature and are accurate within a few percent. We anticipate that the widespread use of the S-Q triangle will illuminate the deeper physical principles and design trade-offs involved in the design of bifacial tandem solar cells under arbitrary concentration and series resistance.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 72
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-14
    Beschreibung: Previous studies have shown that insulin and IGF-1 signaling in the brain, especially the hypothalamus, is important for regulation of systemic metabolism. Here, we develop mice in which we have specifically inactivated both insulin receptors (IRs) and IGF-1 receptors (IGF1Rs) in the hippocampus (Hippo-DKO) or central amygdala (CeA-DKO) by stereotaxic delivery of AAV-Cre into IRlox/lox/IGF1Rlox/loxmice. Consequently, both Hippo-DKO and CeA-DKO mice have decreased levels of the GluA1 subunit of glutamate AMPA receptor and display increased anxiety-like behavior, impaired cognition, and metabolic abnormalities, including glucose intolerance. Hippo-DKO mice also display abnormal spatial learning and memory whereas CeA-DKO mice have impaired cold-induced thermogenesis. Thus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling has common roles in the hippocampus and central amygdala, affecting synaptic function, systemic glucose homeostasis, behavior, and cognition. In addition, in the hippocampus, insulin/IGF-1 signaling is important for spatial learning and memory whereas insulin/IGF-1 signaling in the central amygdala controls thermogenesis via regulation of neural circuits innervating interscapular brown adipose tissue.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 73
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-17
    Beschreibung: The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at ∼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 74
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-15
    Beschreibung: There is a gap between how many scientists communicate and how most people understand and interpret messages. This article argues that the extensive science communications literature needs to be joined by the health literacy literature and anthropological work on cultural variations in hearing and understanding messages. Rapid changes and differences in how people in the United States get information are also discussed. Better understanding of how people get and perceive messages, and how access to information and to health services affects their behavior, should be an iterative and interdisciplinary effort. Community involvement in developing communication strategies is strongly encouraged.
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  • 75
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-30
    Beschreibung: Distantly related species entering similar biological niches often adapt by evolving similar morphological and physiological characters. How much genomic molecular convergence (particularly of highly constrained coding sequence) contributes to convergent phenotypic evolution, such as echolocation in bats and whales, is a long-standing fundamental question. Like others, we find that convergent amino acid substitutions are not more abundant in echolocating mammals compared to their outgroups. However, we also ask a more informative question about the genomic distribution of convergent substitutions by devising a test to determine which, if any, of more than 4,000 tissue-affecting gene sets is most statistically enriched with convergent substitutions. We find that the gene set most overrepresented (q-value = 2.2e-3) with convergent substitutions in echolocators, affecting 18 genes, regulates development of the cochlear ganglion, a structure with empirically supported relevance to echolocation. Conversely, when comparing to nonecholocating outgroups, no significant gene set enrichment exists. For aquatic and high-altitude mammals, our analysis highlights 15 and 16 genes from the gene sets most affected by molecular convergence which regulate skin and lung physiology, respectively. Importantly, our test requires that the most convergence-enriched set cannot also be enriched for divergent substitutions, such as in the pattern produced by inactivated vision genes in subterranean mammals. Showing a clear role for adaptive protein-coding molecular convergence, we discover nearly 2,600 convergent positions, highlight 77 of them in 3 organs, and provide code to investigate other clades across the tree of life.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 76
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-16
    Beschreibung: Cilia, the hair-like protrusions that beat at high frequencies to propel a cell or move fluid around are composed of radially bundled doublet microtubules. In this study, we present a near-atomic resolution map of the Tetrahymena doublet microtubule by cryoelectron microscopy. The map demonstrates that the network of microtubule inner proteins weaves into the tubulin lattice and forms an inner sheath. From mass spectrometry data and de novo modeling, we identified Rib43a proteins as the filamentous microtubule inner proteins in the protofilament ribbon region. The Rib43a–tubulin interaction leads to an elongated tubulin dimer distance every 2 dimers. In addition, the tubulin lattice structure with missing microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) by sarkosyl treatment shows significant longitudinal compaction and lateral angle change between protofilaments. These results are evidence that the MIPs directly affect and stabilize the tubulin lattice. It suggests that the doublet microtubule is an intrinsically stressed filament and that this stress could be manipulated in the regulation of ciliary waveforms.
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  • 77
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-07-01
    Beschreibung: Aberrant MYC oncogene activation is one of the most prevalent characteristics of cancer. By overlapping datasets of Drosophila genes that are insulin-responsive and also regulate nucleolus size, we enriched for Myc target genes required for cellular biosynthesis. Among these, we identified the aminoacyl tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) as essential mediators of Myc growth control in Drosophila and found that their pharmacologic inhibition is sufficient to kill MYC-overexpressing human cells, indicating that aaRS inhibitors might be used to selectively target MYC-driven cancers. We suggest a general principle in which oncogenic increases in cellular biosynthesis sensitize cells to disruption of protein homeostasis.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 78
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-21
    Beschreibung: Organic electrosynthesis can transform the chemical industry by introducing electricity-driven processes that are more energy efficient and that can be easily integrated with renewable energy sources. However, their deployment is severely hindered by the difficulties of controlling selectivity and achieving a large energy conversion efficiency at high current density due to the low solubility of organic reactants in practical electrolytes. This control can be improved by carefully balancing the mass transport processes and electrocatalytic reaction rates at the electrode diffusion layer through pulsed electrochemical methods. In this study, we explore these methods in the context of the electrosynthesis of adiponitrile (ADN), the largest organic electrochemical process in industry. Systematically exploring voltage pulses in the timescale between 5 and 150 ms led to a 20% increase in production of ADN and a 250% increase in relative selectivity with respect to the state-of-the-art constant voltage process. Moreover, combining this systematic experimental investigation with artificial intelligence (AI) tools allowed us to rapidly discover drastically improved electrosynthetic conditions, reaching improvements of 30 and 325% in ADN production rates and selectivity, respectively. This powerful AI-enhanced experimental approach represents a paradigm shift in the design of electrified chemical transformations, which can accelerate the deployment of more sustainable electrochemical manufacturing processes.
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    Thema: Biologie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
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  • 79
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-04-08
    Beschreibung: In most environments, the visual system is confronted with many relevant objects simultaneously. That is especially true during reading. However, behavioral data demonstrate that a serial bottleneck prevents recognition of more than one word at a time. We used fMRI to investigate how parallel spatial channels of visual processing converge into a serial bottleneck for word recognition. Participants viewed pairs of words presented simultaneously. We found that retinotopic cortex processed the two words in parallel spatial channels, one in each contralateral hemisphere. Responses were higher for attended than for ignored words but were not reduced when attention was divided. We then analyzed two word-selective regions along the occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) of both hemispheres (subregions of the visual word form area, VWFA). Unlike retinotopic regions, each word-selective region responded to words on both sides of fixation. Nonetheless, a single region in the left hemisphere (posterior OTS) contained spatial channels for both hemifields that were independently modulated by selective attention. Thus, the left posterior VWFA supports parallel processing of multiple words. In contrast, activity in a more anterior word-selective region in the left hemisphere (mid OTS) was consistent with a single channel, showing (i) limited spatial selectivity, (ii) no effect of spatial attention on mean response amplitudes, and (iii) sensitivity to lexical properties of only one attended word. Therefore, the visual system can process two words in parallel up to a late stage in the ventral stream. The transition to a single channel is consistent with the observed bottleneck in behavior.
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  • 80
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-24
    Beschreibung: Genomic analyses of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) have identified significant contribution from mutations affecting cilia genes and chromatin remodeling genes; however, the mechanism(s) connecting chromatin remodeling to CHD is unknown. Histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1) is catalyzed by the RNF20 complex consisting of RNF20, RNF40, and UBE2B. Here, we show significant enrichment of loss-of-function mutations affecting H2Bub1 in CHD patients (enrichment 6.01,P= 1.67 × 10−03), some of whom had abnormal laterality associated with ciliary dysfunction. InXenopus, knockdown ofrnf20andrnf40results in abnormal heart looping, defective development of left–right (LR) asymmetry, and impaired cilia motility. Rnf20, Rnf40, and Ube2b affect LR patterning and cilia synergistically. Examination of global H2Bub1 level inXenopusembryos shows that H2Bub1 is developmentally regulated and requires Rnf20. To examine gene-specific H2Bub1, we performed ChIP-seq of mouse ciliated and nonciliated tissues and showed tissue-specific H2Bub1 marks significantly enriched at cilia genes including the transcription factorRfx3. Rnf20 knockdown results in decreased levels ofrfx3mRNA inXenopus, and exogenousrfx3can rescue the Rnf20 depletion phenotype. These data suggest that Rnf20 functions at theRfx3locus regulating cilia motility and cardiac situs and identify H2Bub1 as an upstream transcriptional regulator controlling tissue-specific expression of cilia genes. Our findings mechanistically link the two functional gene ontologies that have been implicated in human CHD: chromatin remodeling and cilia function.
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  • 81
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-16
    Beschreibung: Plasticity theory aims at describing the yield loci and work hardening of a material under general deformation states. Most of its complexity arises from the nontrivial dependence of the yield loci on the complete strain history of a material and its microstructure. This motivated 3 ingenious simplifications that underpinned a century of developments in this field: 1) yield criteria describing yield loci location; 2) associative or nonassociative flow rules defining the direction of plastic flow; and 3) effective stress–strain laws consistent with the plastic work equivalence principle. However, 2 key complications arise from these simplifications. First, finding equations that describe these 3 assumptions for materials with complex microstructures is not trivial. Second, yield surface evolution needs to be traced iteratively, i.e., through a return mapping algorithm. Here, we show that these assumptions are not needed in the context of sequence learning when using recurrent neural networks, diverting the above-mentioned complications. This work offers an alternative to currently established plasticity formulations by providing the foundations for finding history- and microstructure-dependent constitutive models through deep learning.
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  • 82
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-12
    Beschreibung: Two-dimensional monolayer materials, with thicknesses of up to several atoms, can be obtained from almost every layer-structured material. It is believed that the catalogs of known 2D materials are almost complete, with fewer new graphene-like materials being discovered. Here, we report 2D graphene-like monolayers from monoxides such as BeO, MgO, CaO, SrO, BaO, and rock-salt structured monochlorides such as LiCl, and NaCl using first-principle calculations. Two-dimensional materials containing d-orbital atoms such as HfO, CdO, and AgCl are predicted. Adopting the same strategy, 2D graphene-like monolayers from mononitrides such as scandium nitride (ScN) and monoselenides such as cadmium selenide (CdSe) are discovered. Stress engineering is found to help stabilize 2D monolayers, through canceling the imaginary frequency of phonon dispersion relation. These 2D monolayers show high dynamic, thermal, kinetic, and mechanic stabilities due to atomic hybridization, and electronic delocalization.
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  • 83
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-08
    Beschreibung: Materials that can be switched between low and high thermal conductivity states would advance the control and conversion of thermal energy. Employing in situ time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) and in situ synchrotron X-ray scattering, we report a reversible, light-responsive azobenzene polymer that switches between high (0.35 W m−1K−1) and low thermal conductivity (0.10 W m−1K−1) states. This threefold change in the thermal conductivity is achieved by modulation of chain alignment resulted from the conformational transition between planar (trans) and nonplanar (cis) azobenzene groups under UV and green light illumination. This conformational transition leads to changes in the π-π stacking geometry and drives the crystal-to-liquid transition, which is fully reversible and occurs on a time scale of tens of seconds at room temperature. This result demonstrates an effective control of the thermophysical properties of polymers by modulating interchain π-π networks by light.
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  • 84
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-01
    Beschreibung: The Hippo pathway is involved in regulating contact inhibition of proliferation and organ size control and responds to various physical and biochemical stimuli. It is a kinase cascade that negatively regulates the activity of cotranscription factors YAP and TAZ, which interact with DNA binding transcription factors including TEAD and activate the expression of target genes. In this study, we show that the palmitoylation of TEAD, which controls the activity and stability of TEAD proteins, is actively regulated by cell density independent of Lats, the key kinase of the Hippo pathway. The expression of fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase involved in de novo biosynthesis of palmitate is reduced by cell density in an Nf2/Merlin-dependent manner. Depalmitoylation of TEAD is mediated by depalmitoylases including APT2 and ABHD17A. Palmitoylation-deficient TEAD4 mutant is unstable and degraded by proteasome through the activity of the E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP. These findings show that TEAD activity is tightly controlled through the regulation of palmitoylation and stability via the orchestration of FASN, depalmitoylases, and E3 ubiquitin ligase in response to cell contact.
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  • 85
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-19
    Beschreibung: Foraging is a goal-directed behavior that balances the need to explore the environment for resources with the need to exploit those resources. InDrosophila melanogaster, distinct phenotypes have been observed in relation to theforaginggene (for), labeled the rover and sitter. Adult rovers explore their environs more extensively than do adult sitters. We explored whether this distinction would be conserved in humans. We made use of a distinction from regulatory mode theory between those who “get on with it,” so-called locomotors, and those who prefer to ensure they “do the right thing,” so-called assessors. In this logic, rovers and locomotors share similarities in goal pursuit, as do sitters and assessors. We showed that genetic variation inPRKG1, the human ortholog offor, is associated with preferential adoption of a specific regulatory mode. Next, participants performed a foraging task to see whether genetic differences associated with distinct regulatory modes would be associated with distinct goal pursuit patterns. Assessors tended to hug the boundary of the foraging environment, much like behaviors seen inDrosophilaadult sitters. In a patchy foraging environment, assessors adopted more cautious search strategies maximizing exploitation. These results show that distinct patterns of goal pursuit are associated with particular genotypes ofPRKG1, the human ortholog offor.
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  • 86
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: Mutational signatures can reveal properties of underlying mutational processes and are important when assessing signals of selection in cancer. Here, we describe the sequence characteristics of mutations induced by ultraviolet (UV) light, a major mutagen in several human cancers, in terms of extended (longer than trinucleotide) patterns as well as variability of the signature across chromatin states. Promoter regions display a distinct UV signature with reduced TCG 〉 TTG transitions, and genome-wide mapping of UVB-induced DNA photoproducts (pyrimidine dimers) showed that this may be explained by decreased damage formation at hypomethylated promoter CpG sites. Further, an extended signature model encompassing additional information from longer contextual patterns improves modeling of UV mutations, which may enhance discrimination between drivers and passenger events. Our study presents a refined picture of the UV signature and underscores that the characteristics of a single mutational process may vary across the genome.
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  • 87
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-27
    Beschreibung: Drugs that reverse epigenetic silencing, such as the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor (DNMTi) 5-azacytidine (AZA), have profound effects on transcription and tumor cell survival. AZA is an approved drug for myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia, and is under investigation for different solid malignant tumors. AZA treatment generates self, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), transcribed from hypomethylated repetitive elements. Self dsRNA accumulation in DNMTi-treated cells leads to type I IFN production and IFN-stimulated gene expression. Here we report that cell death in response to AZA treatment occurs through the 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS)-RNase L pathway. OASs are IFN-induced enzymes that synthesize the RNase L activator 2-5A in response to dsRNA. Cells deficient in RNase L or OAS1 to 3 are highly resistant to AZA, as are wild-type cells treated with a small-molecule inhibitor of RNase L. A small-molecule inhibitor of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) also antagonizes RNase L-dependent cell death in response to AZA, consistent with a role for JNK in RNase L-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the rates of AZA-induced and RNase L-dependent cell death were increased by transfection of 2-5A, by deficiencies in ADAR1 (which edits and destabilizes dsRNA), PDE12 or AKAP7 (which degrade 2-5A), or by ionizing radiation (which induces IFN-dependent signaling). Finally, OAS1 expression correlates with AZA sensitivity in the NCI-60 set of tumor cell lines, suggesting that the level of OAS1 can be a biomarker for predicting AZA sensitivity of tumor cells. These studies may eventually lead to pharmacologic strategies for regulating the antitumor activity and toxicity of AZA and related drugs.
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  • 88
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-12
    Beschreibung: Analyses of thermal diffusivity data on complex insulators and on strongly correlated electron systems hosted in similar complex crystal structures suggest that quantum chaos is a good description for thermalization processes in these systems, particularly in the high-temperature regime where the many phonon bands and their interactions dominate the thermal transport. Here we observe that for these systems diffusive thermal transport is controlled by a universal Planckian timescale τ∼ℏ/kBT and a unique velocity vE. Specifically, vE≈vph for complex insulators, and vph≲vE≪vF in the presence of strongly correlated itinerant electrons (vph and vF are the phonon and electron velocities, respectively). For the complex correlated electron systems we further show that charge diffusivity, while also reaching the Planckian relaxation bound, is largely dominated by the Fermi velocity of the electrons, hence suggesting that it is only the thermal (energy) diffusivity that describes chaos diffusivity.
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  • 89
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-03-12
    Beschreibung: SalmonellaTyphimurium can invade and survive within macrophages where the bacterium encounters a range of host environmental conditions. Like many bacteria,S.Typhimurium rapidly responds to changing environments by the use of second messengers such as cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP). Here, we generate a fluorescent biosensor to measure c-di-GMP concentrations in thousands of individual bacteria during macrophage infection and to define the sensor enzymes important to c-di-GMP regulation. Three sensor phosphodiesterases were identified as critical to maintaining low c-di-GMP concentrations generated after initial phagocytosis by macrophages. Maintenance of low c-di-GMP concentrations by these phosphodiesterases was required to promote survival within macrophages and virulence for mice. Attenuation ofS. Typhimurium virulence was due to overproduction of c-di-GMP−regulated cellulose, as deletion of the cellulose synthase machinery restored virulence to a strain lacking enzymatic activity of the three phosphodiesterases. We further identified that the cellulose-mediated reduction in survival was constrained to a slow-replicating persister population ofS.Typhimurium induced within the macrophage intracellular environment. As utilization of glucose has been shown to be required forS.Typhimurium macrophage survival, one possible hypothesis is that this persister population requires the glucose redirected to the synthesis of cellulose to maintain a slow-replicating, metabolically active state.
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  • 90
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-24
    Beschreibung: IgA is the most abundantly produced antibody in the body and plays a crucial role in gut homeostasis and mucosal immunity. IgA forms a dimer that covalently associates with the joining (J) chain, which is essential for IgA transport into the mucosa. Here, we demonstrate that the marginal zone B and B-1 cell-specific protein (MZB1) interacts with IgA through the α-heavy-chain tailpiece dependent on the penultimate cysteine residue and prevents the intracellular degradation of α-light-chain complexes. Moreover, MZB1 promotes J-chain binding to IgA and the secretion of dimeric IgA. MZB1-deficient mice are impaired in secreting large amounts of IgA into the gut in response to acute inflammation and develop severe colitis. Oral administration of a monoclonal IgA significantly ameliorated the colitis, accompanied by normalization of the gut microbiota composition. The present study identifies a molecular chaperone that promotes J-chain binding to IgA and reveals an important mechanism that controls the quantity, quality, and function of IgA.
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  • 91
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-02-25
    Beschreibung: Raindrop impact on infected plants can disperse micron-sized propagules of plant pathogens (e.g., spores of fungi). Little is known about the mechanism of how plant pathogens are liberated and transported due to raindrop impact. We used high-speed photography to observe thousands of dry-dispersed spores of the rust fungus Puccinia triticina being liberated from infected wheat plants following the impact of a single raindrop. We revealed that an air vortex ring was formed during the raindrop impact and carried the dry-dispersed spores away from the surface of the host plant. The maximum height and travel distance of the airborne spores increased with the aid of the air vortex. This unique mechanism of vortex-induced dispersal dynamics was characterized to predict trajectories of spores. Finally, we found that the spores transported by the air vortex can reach beyond the laminar boundary layer of leaves, which would enable the long-distance transport of plant pathogens through the atmosphere.
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  • 92
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-11-18
    Beschreibung: The avian predentary is a small skeletal structure located rostral to the paired dentaries found only in Mesozoic ornithuromorphs. The evolution and function of this enigmatic element is unknown. Skeletal tissues forming the predentary and the lower jaws in the basal ornithuromorph Yanornis martini are identified using computed-tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and histology. On the basis of these data, we propose hypotheses for the development, structure, and function of this element. The predentary is composed of trabecular bone. The convex caudal surface articulates with rostromedial concavities on the dentaries. These articular surfaces are covered by cartilage, which on the dentaries is divided into 3 discrete patches: 1 rostral articular cartilage and 2 symphyseal cartilages. The mechanobiology of avian cartilage suggests both compression and kinesis were present at the predentary–dentary joint, therefore suggesting a yet unknown form of avian cranial kinesis. Ontogenetic processes of skeletal formation occurring within extant taxa do not suggest the predentary originates within the dentaries, nor Meckel’s cartilage. We hypothesize that the predentary is a biomechanically induced sesamoid that arose within the soft connective tissues located rostral to the dentaries. The mandibular canal hosting the alveolar nerve suggests that the dentary teeth and predentary of Yanornis were proprioceptive. This whole system may have increased foraging efficiency. The Mesozoic avian predentary apparently coevolved with an edentulous portion of the premaxilla, representing a unique kinetic morphotype that combined teeth with a small functional beak and persisted successfully for ∼60 million years.
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  • 93
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-17
    Beschreibung: Human feet have evolved to facilitate bipedal locomotion, losing an opposable digit that grasped branches in favor of a longitudinal arch (LA) that stiffens the foot and aids bipedal gait. Passive elastic structures are credited with supporting the LA, but recent evidence suggests that plantar intrinsic muscles (PIMs) within the foot actively contribute to foot stiffness. To test the functional significance of the PIMs, we compared foot and lower limb mechanics with and without a tibial nerve block that prevented contraction of these muscles. Comparisons were made during controlled limb loading, walking, and running in healthy humans. An inability to activate the PIMs caused slightly greater compression of the LA when controlled loads were applied to the lower limb by a linear actuator. However, when greater loads were experienced during ground contact in walking and running, the stiffness of the LA was not altered by the block, indicating that the PIMs’ contribution to LA stiffness is minimal, probably because of their small size. With the PIMs blocked, the distal joints of the foot could not be stiffened sufficiently to provide normal push-off against the ground during late stance. This led to an increase in stride rate and compensatory power generated by the hip musculature, but no increase in the metabolic cost of transport. The results reveal that the PIMs have a minimal effect on the stiffness of the LA when absorbing high loads, but help stiffen the distal foot to aid push-off against the ground when walking or running bipedally.
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  • 94
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-05-08
    Beschreibung: Scalable nanomanufacturing enables the commercialization of nanotechnology, particularly in applications such as nanophotonics, silicon photonics, photovoltaics, and biosensing. Nanoimprinting lithography (NIL) was the first scalable process to introduce 3D nanopatterning of polymeric films. Despite efforts to extend NIL’s library of patternable media, imprinting of inorganic semiconductors has been plagued by concomitant generation of crystallography defects during imprinting. Here, we use an electrochemical nanoimprinting process—called Mac-Imprint—for directly patterning electronic-grade silicon with 3D microscale features. It is shown that stamps made of mesoporous metal catalysts allow for imprinting electronic-grade silicon without the concomitant generation of porous silicon damage while introducing mesoscale roughness. Unlike most NIL processes, Mac-Imprint does not rely on plastic deformation, and thus, it allows for replicating hard and brittle materials, such as silicon, from a reusable polymeric mold, which can be manufactured by almost any existing microfabrication technique.
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  • 95
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-12-10
    Beschreibung: Electrochemical reduction of CO2to multicarbon products is a significant challenge, especially for molecular complexes. We report here CO2reduction to multicarbon products based on a Ru(II) polypyridyl carbene complex that is immobilized on an N-doped porous carbon (RuPC/NPC) electrode. The catalyst utilizes the synergistic effects of the Ru(II) polypyridyl carbene complex and the NPC interface to steer CO2reduction toward C2 production at low overpotentials. In 0.5 M KHCO3/CO2aqueous solutions, Faradaic efficiencies of 31.0 to 38.4% have been obtained for C2 production at −0.87 to −1.07 V (vs. normal hydrogen electrode) with 21.0 to 27.5% for ethanol and 7.1 to 12.5% for acetate. Syngas is also produced with adjustable H2/CO mole ratios of 2.0 to 2.9. The RuPC/NPC electrocatalyst maintains its activity during 3-h CO2-reduction periods.
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  • 96
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-24
    Beschreibung: We present a mechanism for the anomalous behavior of the specific heat in low-temperature amorphous solids. The analytic solution of a mean-field model belonging to the same universality class as high-dimensional glasses, the spherical perceptron, suggests that there exists a cross-over temperature above which the specific heat scales linearly with temperature, while below it, a cubic scaling is displayed. This relies on two crucial features of the phase diagram: (i) the marginal stability of the free-energy landscape, which induces a gapless phase responsible for the emergence of a power-law scaling; and (ii) the vicinity of the classical jamming critical point, as the cross-over temperature gets lowered when approaching it. This scenario arises from a direct study of the thermodynamics of the system in the quantum regime, where we show that, contrary to crystals, the Debye approximation does not hold.
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  • 97
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-09-23
    Beschreibung: The condensation of half-light half-matter exciton polaritons in semiconductor optical cavities is a striking example of macroscopic quantum coherence in a solid-state platform. Quantum coherence is possible only when there are strong interactions between the exciton polaritons provided by their excitonic constituents. Rydberg excitons with high principal value exhibit strong dipole–dipole interactions in cold atoms. However, polaritons with the excitonic constituent that is an excited state, namely Rydberg exciton polaritons (REPs), have not yet been experimentally observed. Here, we observe the formation of REPs in a single crystal CsPbBr3 perovskite cavity without any external fields. These polaritons exhibit strong nonlinear behavior that leads to a coherent polariton condensate with a prominent blue shift. Furthermore, the REPs in CsPbBr3 are highly anisotropic and have a large extinction ratio, arising from the perovskite’s orthorhombic crystal structure. Our observation not only sheds light on the importance of many-body physics in coherent polariton systems involving higher-order excited states, but also paves the way for exploring these coherent interactions for solid-state quantum optical information processing.
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  • 98
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-06-18
    Beschreibung: A major obstacle to vaccination against antigenically variable viruses is skewing of antibody responses to variable immunodominant epitopes. For influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA), the immunodominance of the variable head impairs responses to the highly conserved stem. Here, we show that head immunodominance depends on the physical attachment of head to stem. Stem immunogenicity is enhanced by immunizing with stem-only constructs or by increasing local HA concentration in the draining lymph node. Surprisingly, coimmunization of full-length HA and stem alters stem-antibody class switching. Our findings delineate strategies for overcoming immunodominance, with important implications for human vaccination.
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  • 99
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-10-07
    Beschreibung: All cells, including nonexcitable cells, maintain a discrete transmembrane potential (Vmem), and have the capacity to modulate Vmem and respond to their own and neighbors’ changes in Vmem. Spatiotemporal variations have been described in developing embryonic tissues and in some cases have been implicated in influencing developmental processes. Yet, how such changes in Vmem are converted into intracellular inputs that in turn regulate developmental gene expression and coordinate patterned tissue formation, has remained elusive. Here we document that the Vmem of limb mesenchyme switches from a hyperpolarized to depolarized state during early chondrocyte differentiation. This change in Vmem increases intracellular Ca2+ signaling through Ca2+ influx, via CaV1.2, 1 of L-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels (VGCCs). We find that CaV1.2 activity is essential for chondrogenesis in the developing limbs. Pharmacological inhibition by an L-type VGCC specific blocker, or limb-specific deletion of CaV1.2, down-regulates expression of genes essential for chondrocyte differentiation, including Sox9, Col2a1, and Agc1, and thus disturbs proper cartilage formation. The Ca2+-dependent transcription factor NFATc1, which is a known major transducer of intracellular Ca2+ signaling, partly rescues Sox9 expression. These data reveal instructive roles of CaV1.2 in limb development, and more generally expand our understanding of how modulation of membrane potential is used as a mechanism of developmental regulation.
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  • 100
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-19
    Beschreibung: An important feature of human cognition is the ability to flexibly and efficiently adapt behavior in response to continuously changing contextual demands. We leverage a large-scale dataset from Lumosity, an online cognitive-training platform, to investigate how cognitive processes involved in cued switching between tasks are affected by level of task practice across the adult lifespan. We develop a computational account of task switching that specifies the temporal dynamics of activating task-relevant representations and inhibiting task-irrelevant representations and how they vary with extended task practice across a number of age groups. Practice modulates the level of activation of the task-relevant representation and improves the rate at which this information becomes available, but has little effect on the task-irrelevant representation. While long-term practice improves performance across all age groups, it has a greater effect on older adults. Indeed, extensive task practice can make older individuals functionally similar to less-practiced younger individuals, especially for cognitive measures that focus on the rate at which task-relevant information becomes available.
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