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  • 1
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    Energy Management Action Network (EMAK) (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA has identified energy efficiency as essential to achieving a sustainable energy future. In order to improve energy efficiency in industry one of the priority areas for further action is the promotion of more and higher quality energy management (EM) activity. However, there are significant gaps in the current implementation of EM. One method of bridging these gaps would be the creation of an EM Action NetworK (EMAK) to bring practical support to energy managers, connect energy managers to energy policy makers, and interconnect these networks globally.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (68 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-management-action-network-emak.html
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Coal Mine Methane in China : A Budding Asset with the Potential to Bloom (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: An Assessment of Technology, Policy and Financial Issues Relating to CMM in China, based on Interviews Conducted at Coal Mines in Guizhou and Sichuan Provinces.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-china-a-budding-asset-with-the-potential-to-bloom.html
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Coal Mine Methane in Russia (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper discusses coal mine methane emissions (CMM) in the Russian Federation and the potential for their productive utilisation. It highlights specific opportunities for cost-effective reductions of CMM from oil and natural gas facilities, coal mines and landfills, with the aim of improving knowledge about effective policy approaches.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (70 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-russia.html
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Cleaner Coal in China (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s rapid economic growth has aroused intense interest around the world. Policy makers, industrialists, investors, environmentalists, researchers and others want to better understand the issues that this populous nation faces as it further develops an already thriving economy largely fuelled by coal. This study sheds light on the Chinese coal supply and transformation sectors. China’s coal, mined locally and available at a relatively low cost, has brought enormous benefits to energy consumers in China and to those outside the country who enjoy the products of its coal-based economy. Yet from another perspective, China’s coal use has a high cost. Despite progress, health and safety in the thousands of small coal mines lag far behind the standards achieved in China’s modern, large mines. Environmental degradation is a real and pressing problem at all stages of coal production, supply and use. Adding to these burdens, emissions of carbon dioxide are of concern to the Chinese government as it embarks on its own climate protection strategy. Technology solutions are already transforming the way coal is used in China and elsewhere. This study explores the context in which the development and deployment of these technologies can be accelerated. Providing a large amount of new data, it describes in detail the situation in China as well as the experiences of other countries in making coal cleaner. Above all, the report calls for much greater levels of collaboration – existing bi-lateral and multi-lateral co-operation with China on coal is found lacking. China’s growing openness presents many commercial opportunities. Establishing a global market for cleaner coal technologies is key to unlocking the potential of technology – one of ten major recommendations made in this study.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (320 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/cleaner-coal-in-china.html
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Climate and weather of the Sun-Earth system (CAWSES) : selected papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium (2009)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Keywords: Sun-Earth system ; space weather ; solar cycles ; solar wind ; solar activity ; sunspot ; ozone ; troposphere ; stratosphere ; Quasi-Biennial Oscillation (QBO)
    Description / Table of Contents: Early Japanese contributions to space weather research—1945-1960— / A. Nishida / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 1-22 --- Hydrodynamics, magnetohydrodynamics, and astrophysical plasmas / E. N. Parker / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 23-40 --- The 1960s—A decade of remarkable advances in middle atmosphere research / M. A. Geller / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 41-62 --- Hinode "a new solar observatory in space" / S. Tsuneta, L. K. Harra, and S. Masuda / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 63-75 --- Coronal mass ejections and space weather / N. Gopalswamy / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 77-120 / © TERRAPUB, Tokyo, 2009. No claim is made to original U.S. Government works. / [Full text] (PDF 3.9 MB) --- Magnetotail after Geotail, Interball and Cluster: Thin current sheets, fine structure, force balance and stability / L. Zelenyi, H. Malova, A. Artemyev, V. Popov, A. Petrukovich, D. Delcourt, and A. Bykov / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 121-170 --- Simulating solar 'climate' / M. Dikpati / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 171-199 --- Evidence for solar forcing: Some selected aspects / J. Beer and K. McCracken / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 201-216 --- Total solar irradiance variability: What have we learned about its variability from the record of the last three solar cycles? / C. Fröhlich / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 217-230 --- Mechanisms for solar influence on the Earth's climate / J. D. Haigh / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 231-256 --- Variability in the stratosphere: The sun and the QBO / K. Labitzke and M. Kunze / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 257-278 --- Gravity wave coupling from below: A review / R. A. Vincent / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 279-293 --- What we have learnt from CPEA (Coupling Processes in the Equatorial Atmosphere): A review / S. Fukao / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 295-336 --- Vertical coupling by the semidiurnal tide in Earth's atmosphere / J. M. Forbes / Climate and Weather of the Sun-Earth System (CAWSES): Selected Papers from the 2007 Kyoto Symposium, / pp. 337-348
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VII, 351 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9784887041479
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/onlineproceedings/ste/CAWSES2007/
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Environmental research in Asia for establishing a scientist's network : global COE program, Ehime University (2009)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Towards State-of-the-Art Dynamical Modelling and Risk Assessment of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Global Environment / T. Kawai and I. C. Handoh / pp. 1-9 --- Teasing out the Non-Linearity in the POPs-Phytoplankton Bioconcentration Processes / M. Seto and I. C. Handoh / pp. 11-19 --- Comprehensive Assessment of Dioxin Contamination in Da Nang Airbase and Its Vicinities: Environmental Levels, Human Exposure and Options for Mitigating Impacts / N. H. Minh, T. Boivin, P. N. Canh and L. K. Son / pp. 21-29 --- Contamination Status of Dioxins in Sediments from Saigon River Estuary, Vietnam / A. Shiozaki, M. Someya, T. Kunisue, S. Takahashi, B. C. Tuyen, H. Takada and S. Tanabe / pp. 31-45 --- Bioaccumulation of Dioxins in the Benthic Fish from Hiroshima Bay / H. Tanaka, K. Kono and D. Ueno / pp. 47-54 --- Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Blood of Cetaceans Stranded along the Japanese Coast / S. Murata, K. Nomiyama, T. Kunisue, S. Takahashi, T. K. Yamada and S. Tanabe / pp. 55-66 --- Contamination Status of Organohalogen Compounds in Deep-Sea Fishes in Northwest Pacific Ocean, Off-Tohoku, Japan / T. Oshihoi, T. Isobe, S. Takahashi, T. Kubodera and S. Tanabe / pp. 67-72 --- Temporal Variation of Persistent Organochlorine Residues in Soils from Vietnam / V. D. Thao, V. D. Toan and M. Kawano / pp. 73-82 --- Organochlorines and Brominated Flame Retardants in Deep-Sea Ecosystem of Sagami Bay / S. Toyoshima, T. Isobe, K. Ramu, H. Miyasaka, K. Omori, S. Takahashi, S. Nishida and S. Tanabe / pp. 83-90 --- Contamination by PCBs and BFRs in Vietnamese Human Milk Associated with Recycling of E-waste / N. M. Tue, A. Sudaryanto, B. H. Nhat, S. Takahashi, P. H. Viet and S. Tanabe / pp. 91-97 --- Ecological Risk Assessment Using High Resolution Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) / N. Kannan and G. Petrick / pp. 99-109 --- Residue Levels of OH-PCBs and PCBs in the Blood of Baikal Seals (Pusa sibirica) / D. Imaeda, K. Nomiyama, T. Kunisue, H. Iwata, O. Tsydenova, S. Takahashi, M. Amano, E. A. Petrov, V. B. Batoev and S. Tanabe / pp. 111-117 --- Contamination Status of Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Baikal Seals (Pusa sibirica) / T. Isobe, Y. Ochi, D. Imaeda, H. Sakai, S. Hirakawa, O. Tsydenova, M. Amano, E. Petrov, V. Batoev, H. Iwata, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 119-124 --- Levels of Brominated Flame Retardants in Sediments and Their Bioaccumulation Potential in Biota from Jakarta Bay and Its Surroundings, Indonesia / A. Sudaryanto, I. E. Setiawan, M. Ilyas, E. Soeyanto, A. S. Riadi, T. Isobe, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 125-131 --- Characterization of Brominated Flame Retardants in House Dust and Their Role as Non-Dietary Source for Human in Indonesia / A. Sudaryanto, T. Isobe, G. Suzuki, I. E. Setiawan, M. Ilyas, A. S. Riyadi, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 133-141 --- Contamination by Brominated Flame Retardants in Soil Samples from Open Dumping Sites of Asian Developing Countries / A. Eguchi, T. Isobe, A. Subramanian, A. Sudaryanto, K. Ramu, T. B. Minh, P. Chakraborty, N. H. Minh, T. S. Tana, P. H. Viet, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 143-151 --- Contamination and Accumulation Feature of Organotin Compounds in Common Cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo) from Lake Biwa, Japan / H. Mizukawa, S. Takahashi, K. Nakayama, A. Sudo and S. Tanabe / pp. 153-161 --- Quantitative Analysis of Expression of Tributyltin (TBT)-Regulated Genes in TBT-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa 25W / K. Fukushima, S. K. Dubey and S. Suzuki / pp. 163-166 --- Monitoring Trace Elements in Coastal Waters Using Sardine as a Bioindicator / D. Hayase, S. Horai, T. Isobe, T. W. Miller, S. Takahashi, K. Omori and S. Tanabe / pp. 167-175 --- Mass Mortality and Trace Element Residues in Isaza (Gymnogobius isaza) Collected from Lake Biwa, Japan / S. Horai, D. Hayase, S. Takahashi, T. Ishikawa, M. Kumagai and S. Tanabe / pp. 177-183 --- Is Arsenic a Potential Threat for Human Health in Indonesia? / M. Ilyas, A. Sudaryanto, Y. Anantasena, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 185-189 --- Genetic Polymorphism Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Human / H. Takeshita, J. Fujihara, T. Agusa, S. Takahashi, H. Iwata and S. Tanabe / pp. 191-195 --- Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Gene Expression by Chlorinated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Cross-Talk with Estrogen Receptors / H. Sakakibara, T. Ohura, M. Morita, S. Hirabayashi, R. Kuruto-Niwa, T. Amagai and K. Shimoi / pp. 197-202 --- Characterization of the Organohalogen Compounds Which Affect Gene Expressions Mediated by Thyroid Hormone Receptors / H. Sakai, A. Kawashima, Y. Kashima and T. Yamada-Okabe / pp. 203-210 --- Abnormal Response Induced by Pesticides on Mammalian Immune System / S. Nishimoto, K. Kanda, M. Okabe, K. Akiyama, Y. Kakinuma and T. Sugahara / pp. 211-217 --- Paraquat Modulates the Differentiation of C2C12 Cells to Myotube / M. Okabe, K. Akiyama, S. Nishimoto, T. Sugahara and Y. Kakinuma / pp. 219-225 --- Diet as a Modifier of Benzo(a)pyrene Metabolism and Benzo(a)pyrene—Induced Colon Tumors in ApcMin mice / D. L. Harris, M. S. Niaz, J. D. Morrow, M. K. Washington and A. Ramesh / pp. 227-238 --- Occurrence and Concentrations of Persistent Personal Care Products, Organic UV Filters, in the Marine Environment / H. Nakata, S. Murata, R. Shinohara, J. Filatreau, T. Isobe, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 239-246 --- Synthetic Musk Fragrances in Human Breast Milk and Adipose Tissue from Japan / D. Ueno, M. Moribe, K. Inoue, T. Someya, N. Ryuda, M. Ichiba, T. Miyajima, T. Kunisue, H. In, K. Maruo and H. Nakata / pp. 247-252 --- Status of Environmental Contamination in Ghana, the Perspective of a Research Scientist / K. A. Asante and W. J. Ntow / pp. 253-260 --- Pollution Study in Manila Bay: Eutrophication and Its Impact on Plankton Community / K.-H. Chang, A. Amano, T. W. Miller, T. Isobe, R. Maneja, F. P. Siringan, H. Imai and S. Nakano / pp. 261-267 --- Growth Responses of Harmful Algal Species Microcystis (Cyanophyceae) under Various Environmental Conditions / H. Imai, K.-H. Chang and S. Nakano / pp. 269-275 --- Biodegradation of Microcystin-LR by Natural Bacterial Populations / P. M. Manage, C. Edwards and L. A. Lawton / pp. 277-285 --- Changes in Proteolytic Activities in Stored Seawater and Bacterial Isolates / C. W. Bong, Y. Obayashi and S. Suzuki / pp. 287-291 --- Identification of Phenanthrene Metabolites Produced by Polyporus sp. S133 / T. Hadibarata and S. Tachibana / pp. 293-299 --- Enhanced Chrysene Biodegradation in Presence of a Synthetic Surfactant / T. Hadibarata and S. Tachibana / pp. 301-308 --- Oxidative Degradation of Benzo[a]pyrene by the Ligninolytic Fungi / T. Hadibarata / pp. 309-316 --- Microbial Degradation of Crude Oil by Fungi Pre-Grown on Wood Meal / T. Hadibarata and S. Tachibana / pp. 317-322 --- Microbial Degradation of n-Eicosane by Filamentous Fungi / T. Hadibarata and S. Tachibana / pp. 323-329 --- Validity of the New Method for Imogolite Synthesis and Its Genetic Implication / Z. Abidin, N. Matsue and T. Henmi / pp. 331-341
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XIV, 341 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9784887041486
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/onlineproceedings/ec/02/
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Scaled-up Market Mechanisms : What is Needed to Move Forward? (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since 2005, the OECD and IEA have been examining the possibility to expand international carbon markets by granting broader access to developing countries. This note summarises key elements in this area, drawing on earlier publications done under the aegis of the Annex I Expert Group on the UNFCCC (AIXG).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (6 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/scaled-up-market-mechanisms--what-is-needed-to-move-forward.html
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions : IARU International Scientific Congress, 10-12 March 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark (2009)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: IOP Publishing presents Volume 6 of the open-access IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (EES) as the online abstract book for the IARU International Scientific Congress on Climate Change: Global Risks, Challenges and Decisions (10–12 March, Copenhagen, Denmark). This abstracts-only volume of EES is quite different to standard IOP Conference Series proceedings volumes which contain full, peer-reviewed proceedings papers. This unique volume of more than 1400 abstracts, divided into 58 different sessions, contains all the oral and poster presentations from the Congress. In view of the importance of the Climate Change Congress as a scientific basis for the COP15 conference, we are delighted to offer this collection as a permanent record of current research devoted to climate change. We hope this compilation will contribute to future world-wide dialogue on climate change in the ongoing search to address the scientific, political, social and economic challenges ahead.
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/volume/1755-1315/6
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    From deep-sea to coastal zones: methods and techniques for studying palaeoenvironments : 1st METECH workshop, 25-29 February 2008, Faro, Portugal (2009)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Reconstructing past climate and past ocean circulation demands the highest possible precision and accuracy which urges the scientific community to look at different sediment records such as the ones from coastal zones to deep-sea with a more complete set of technical and methodological tools. However, the information given by each tool varies in precision, accuracy and in significance according to their environmental settings. It is therefore essential to compare tools. With that in mind, and as part of the International year of Planet Earth, a workshop entitled `From deep-sea to coastal zones: Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments' took place in Faro (Portugal), from 25–29 February 2008 in order to: present several methods and techniques that can be used for studying sediments from deep-sea to coastal zones, namely for reconstructing palaeoenvironments in order to document past climatic changes and short to long-term environmental processes; allow cross experience between different fields and specialties, either from deep-sea to coastal zones or from micropaleontology to geochemistry; give the opportunity to students from different universities and countries to attend the workshop; publish a special volume on the presented methods and techniques during the workshop. The workshop was organized in four non-parallel sessions dealing with the use of micropaleontology, isotopes, biogeochemistry and sedimentology, as tools for palaeoenvironmental studies. The present IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science proceedings reflect this organization and papers are published in each theme. The papers are either short reviews or case studies and are highlighted below. The remains of microorganisms found in sediments are the main proxies used in micropaleontological studies. However, the link between fossilized remains and their living origin is not easy to reconstruct only based on the geologic/sedimentary record. Accordingly, Barbosa presents a review of the actual knowledge of living phytoplankton dynamics and the processes, or environmental conditions, which could contribute to the production of fossilized biogenic remains. In the next paper, de Vernal presents a review, based on several case studies, on how palynological fossils observed in sediments are used in tracing biogenic fluxes, characterizing sedimentary environments, or even reconstructing hydrographical conditions and productivity. The two other papers presented in the micropaleontological proxy section are case studies on the use of dinoflagellates (Rochon) and calcareous plankton remains (Guerreiro et al), respectively, to better understand their local or regional environmental living characteristics ant therefore their specific interpretation for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction at a regional scale. Isotopic proxies can be used either as provenance tracers or as chronometers of different processes. Once again, each study can provide a very specific framework of the proxies' use and it is very important to know and evaluate the limits of these tools in each environment and/or type of analyzed material. Accordingly, the two first articles deal with the study of organic carbon either by carbon and oxygen stable isotopes (Hélie) or by radiocarbon (Mollhenhauer and Rethemeyer) analysis. The two other articles in this section deal with the use of radioisotopes. Ghaleb reviews the methods for measuring short-lived radiosisotopes in sediments, giving examples of their use for estimating recent sedimentary accumulation rates; whereas Hillaire-Marcel reviews the potential use of U-series isotopes as radiochronometers in biogenic carbonates. Geochemistry groups more than one field of expertise. However, in the present section, inorganic geochemistry is not treated and both articles present work on a very specific, and at the same time very complex, compound of the organic matter realm: black carbon. As such, Veilleux et al present a density fractionation method for isolating the small quantities of soot-like and graphitic material usually found in natural samples, whereas González-Vila et al. illustrate the potential of the combined use of analytical pyrolysis and solid state 13C NMR to determine the presence of black carbon and to characterize the refractory organic matter in marine sediments from the Gulf of Cadiz (Spain). In the last section, two papers are presented and discuss sedimentological proxies. In their paper, using diffuse spectral reflectance data, Veiga-Pires and Mestre try to determine if `twinned cores' (or paired cores) can be used as duplicate records to increase the volume of sediments collected in the field, whereas Drago et al discuss the use of fish remains in sediments for the reconstruction of paleoproductivity. Each of the above papers benefited from the constructive comments of at least two reviewers and we wish to sincerely thank the reviewers for their timely evaluation. We also thank the participants, volunteers and organizers of the workshop for their implication, making this first workshop on Methods and Techniques for studying palaeoenvironments (METECH) a success. The workshop and this proceeding would not have been possible without the financial and logistical support of GEOTOP, CIMA, the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FACC07/1/1315) and IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/5/1
    Language: English
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    WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sand and Dust Storm Warning System : 7-9 November 2007, Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, Spain (2009)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Keywords: forecast ; sand storm ; dust storm ; warning system ; aeolian dust ; aerosol
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science presents a selection of papers that were given at the WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sand and Dust Storm Warning System hosted by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center – Centro Nacional de Supercomputación in Barcelona (Spain) on 7-9 November 2007 (http://www.bsc.es/wmo). A sand and dust storm (SDS) is a meteorological phenomenon common in arid and semi-arid regions and arises when a gust front passes or when the wind force exceeds the threshold value where loose sand and dust are removed from the dry surface. After aeolian uptake, SDS reduce visibility to a few meters in and near source regions, and dust plumes are transported over distances as long as thousands of kilometres. Aeolian dust is unique among aerosol phenomena: (1) with the possible exception of sea-salt aerosol, it is globally the most abundant of all aerosol species, (2) it appears as the dominating component of atmospheric aerosol over large areas of the Earth, (3) it represents a serious hazard for life, health, property, environment and economy (occasionally reaching the grade of disaster or catastrophic event) and (4) its influence, impacts, complex interactions and feedbacks within the Earth System span a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. From a political and societal point of view, the concern for SDS and the need for international cooperation were reflected after a survey conducted in 2005 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) in which more than forty WMO Member countries expressed their interest for creating or improving capacities for SDS warning advisory and assessment. In this context, recent major advances in research – including, for example, the development and implementation of advanced observing systems, the theoretical understanding of the mechanisms responsible for sand and dust storm generation and the development of global and regional dust models – represent the basis for developing applications focusing on societal benefit and risk reduction. However, at present there are interdisciplinary research challenges to overwhelm current uncertainties in order to reach full potential. Furthermore, the community of practice for SDS observations, forecasts and analyses is mainly scientifically based and rather disconnected from potential users. This requires the development of interfaces with operational communities at international and national levels, strongly focusing on the needs of people and factors at risk ... The general objective of the WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sand and Dust Storm Warning System was to discuss and recommend actions needed to develop a global routine SDS-WAS based on integrating numerical SDS prediction and observing systems, and on establishing effective cooperation between data producers and user communities in order to provide SDS-WAS products capable of contributing to the reduction of risks from SDS. The specific objectives were: to identify, present and suggest future real-time observations for forecast verification and dust surveillance: satellite, ground-based remote sensing (passive and active) and in-situ monitoring; to present ongoing forecasting activities; to discuss and identify user needs: health, air quality, air transport operations, ocean, and others; to identify and discuss dust research issues relevant for operational forecast applications; to present the concept of SDS-WAS and Regional Centers...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/7/1
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Beyond Kyoto: Addressing the Challenges of Climate Change : Science Meets Industry, Policy and Public, 5-7 March 2009, Aarhus, Denmark (2009)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The Beyond Kyoto conference in Aarhus March 2009 was organised in collaboration with other knowledge institutions, businesses and authorities. It brought together leading scientists, policy-makers, authorities, intergovernmental organisations, NGO's, business stakeholders and business organisations. The conference was a joint interdisciplinary project involving many academic areas and disciplines. These conference proceedings are organised in central and recurring themes that cut across many debates on climate change, the climatic challenges as well as the solutions. In the front there is a short presentation of the conference concept. Part I of the proceedings focuses on issues related to the society – covering climate policy, law, market based instruments, financial structure, behaviour and consumption, public participation, media communication and response from indigenous peoples etc. Part II of the proceedings concerns the scientific knowledge base on climate related issues – covering climate change processes per se, the potential impacts of projected climate change on biodiversity and adaptation possibilities, the interplay between climate, agriculture and biodiversity, emissions, agricultural systems, increasing pressure on the functioning of agriculture and natural areas, vulnerability to extreme weather events and risks in respect to sea-level rise etc...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/8/1
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  • 12
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    Environmental Flows in Water Resources Policies, Plans, and Projects : Findings and Recommendations (2009)
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Details
    Keywords: dams ; forestry ; climate change ; downstream impacts ; integrated water resources management ; natural resources ; fish ; environmental policy ; wetlands ; economic growth ; drinking water ; environmental water allocation ; sustainable water ; sustainable development ; environmental risk ; water infrastructure ; environmental flows ; water policy ; benefit sharing ; environmental management ; environmental impact assessment
    Description / Table of Contents: This book advances the understanding and integration in operational terms of environmental flows (water allocation) into integrated water resources management (IWRM). Based on an in-depth analysis of 17 global water policy, plan, and project case studies, it addresses the highly contested complexities of environmentally responsible water resources development, broadens the global perspectives on "equitable sharing" and "sustainable use" of water resources, and expands the definitions of "benefits sharing" in high-risk water resources development. The book fills a major gap in knowledge on IWRM and forms an important contribution to the ongoing discourse on climate change adaptation in the water sector.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 189 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821380123
    URL: http://issuu.com/world.bank.publications/docs/9780821379400
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2009 (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since WEO-2008, the economic downturn has led to a drop in energy use, CO2 emissions and energy investment. Is this an opportunity to arrest climate change or a threat that any economic upturn might be stifled at birth? What package of commitments and measures should the climate negotiators at Copenhagen put together if they really want to stop global temperatures rising? How much would it cost? And how much might the developed world have to pay to finance action elsewhere? How big is the gas resource base and what is the typical pattern of production from a gas field? What does the unconventional gas boom in the United States mean for the rest of the world? Are we headed for a global gas glut? What role will gas play in the future energy mix? And how might the way gas is priced change? All these questions and many others are answered in WEO-2009. The data are extensive, the projections more detailed than ever and the analyses compelling.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (696 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264061309
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/publications/weo-2009/
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2009 : Special Report - Climate Change Excerpt (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This special early excerpt of WEO-2009 is a contribution from the energy sector to inform the negotiations leading into Copenhagen. It summarises the results of a fully-updated Reference Sceario, detailing by sector and by country/region the trends in energy use and emissions and the investments and funding needed to meet the 450 Scenario.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (62 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/weo-2009---special-report---climate-change-excerpt.html
    Language: English
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    Assessing the value of price caps and floors (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/assessing-the-value-of-price-caps-and-floors.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Technology Transitions for Industry (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. Industry accounts for one-third of global energy use and almost 40% of worldwide CO2 emissions. Achieving substantial emissions reduction in the future will require urgent action from industry. What are the likely future trends in energy use and CO2 emissions from industry? What impact could the application of best available technologies have on these trends? Which new technologies are needed if these sectors are to fully play their role in a more secure and sustainable energy future? Energy Technology Transitions for Industry addresses these questions through detailed sectoral and regional analyses, building on the insights of crucial IEA findings, such as Energy Technology Perspectives 2008: Scenarios and Strategies to 2050. It contains new indicators and methodologies as well as scenario results for the following sectors: iron and steel, cement, chemicals, pulp and paper and aluminium sectors. The report discusses the prospects for new low-carbon technologies and outlines potential technology transition paths for the most important industrial sectors. This publication is one of three new end-use studies, together with transport and buildings, which look at the role of technologies in transforming the way energy is used in these sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (326 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-transitions-for-industry.html
    Language: English
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    Assessing the value of price caps and floors (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This article assesses the long-term economic and climatic effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical global climate change mitigation policy. Based on emission trends, abatement costs and equilibrium climate sensitivity from IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms that price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends.In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. Furthermore,this analysis shows that rigid targets may entail greater economic risks with little or no comparative advantage for the climate. More ambitious emission objectives, combined with price caps and price floors, could still entail significantly lower expected costs while driving similar, or even slightly better, climatic outcomes in probabilistic terms.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (21 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/assessing-the-value-of-price-caps-and-floors.html
    Language: English
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    Reporting and Recording Post 2012 GHG Mitigation Commitments, Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism). This papers reviews current proposals in the UNFCCC negotiations for future mechanisms to report and record Parties’ GHG mitigation actions and commitments, as well as support provided for such actions. It explores the possible purposes, coverage and form of a reporting/recording mechanism post-2012 and highlights the decision points that are needed in order to establish such a mechanism. It examines what information such a mechanism could include in terms of actions, commitments and support, as well as the institutional implications of different design options.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/reporting-and-recording-post-2012-ghg-mitigation-commitments-actions--support.html
    Language: English
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    Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable Mitigation Actions and Support (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable Mitigation Actions and Support
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/measurable-reportable-and-verifiable-mitigation-actions-and-support.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Market Mechanisms (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper first reviews proposals for the design of sectoral and related market mechanisms currently debated, both in the UNFCCC negotiations, and in different domestic legislative contexts. Secondly, it addresses the possible principles and technical requirements that Parties may wish to consider as the foundations for further elaboration of the mechanisms. The third issue explored herein is domestic implementation of sectoral market mechanisms by host countries, incentives to move to new market mechanisms, as well as how the transition between current and future mechanisms could be managed.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-market-mechanisms.html
    Language: English
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    National and Sectoral GHG Mitigation Potential (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper compares model estimates of national and sectoral GHG mitigation potential across six key OECD GHG-emitting economies: Australia, Canada, the EU, Japan, Mexico and the US. It examines the implications of model structure, baseline and policy assumptions, and assesses GHG mitigation potential estimates across a variety of models, including models that are used to inform climate policy-makers in each of these economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/national-and-sectoral-ghg-mitigation-potential.html
    Language: English
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    Coal Mine Methane in China - Addendum (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Coal Mine Methane in China
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/coal-mine-methane-in-china---addendum.html
    Language: English
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    Project Transitions (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security,economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages. Investment in the energy system of tomorrow requires substantial resources and informed policy making to achieve energy-security, economic and environmental objectives. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates 26 trillion USD in investments will be needed in the energy sector by 2030 to sustain current energy trends. Energy business-as-usual, however, and the resulting environmental impacts, are not sustainable as they result in energy insecurity and climate damages.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (8 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/project-transitions.html
    Language: English
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    Cogeneration and District Energy (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The report, released at the COGEN Europe meeting in Brussels on 21 April 2009, provides “best practice” policy approaches used by different countries to expand CHP and district energy use. The report follows the 2008 IEA CHP study as part of the IEA International CHP Collaborative effort.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (42 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/cogeneration-and-district-energy.html
    Language: English
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    Chemical and Petrochemical Sector (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies). This paper is a background document on the global chemical and petrochemical sector for the IEA publication Energy Technology Transitions in Industry (IEA, 2009). It provides further, more detailed information on the methodology and data issues for energy efficiency indicators for the sector. The indicators discussed offer insight regarding the energy efficiency improvement potential in the short- to medium-term (by proven technologies).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (60 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/chemical-and-petrochemical-sector.html
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    Lessons Learned from the Energy Policies of IEA Countries (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This information paper provides policy makers and managers, facing tough energy policy challenges, with a wider perspective of how the same issues are being addressed by different IEA member countries. The topics included are: Government structures for co-ordinating energy and climate policies The use of long-term energy forecasts and scenarios Progress in the delivery of key energy security policies
    Pages: Online-Ressource (91 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lessons-learned-from-the-energy-policies-of-iea-countries.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Approaches in Electricity : Building Bridges to a Safe Climate (2009)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Addressing climate change requires nothing short of an energy revolution. Electricity, mostly generated from fossil fuels, is at the core of this challenge, accounting for more than 40 % of global energy-related CO2 emissions. This issue is most pressing for developing countries where growth in power demand is particularly high, fueling the risk of irreversible investment in CO2-intensive capacity, the so-called “carbon lock-in”. Sectoral Approaches in Electricity – Building Bridges to a Safe Climate shows how the international climate policy framework could effectively support a transition towards low-CO2 electricity systems in developing countries. Sectoral approaches are intended to address sectors that require urgent actions, without waiting for countries to take nation-wide commitments. Once built, power generation capacity lasts for decades. Investing massively in CO2-intensive technologies to meet surging electricity demand will either make it impossible or overly costly to stabilise CO2 concentrations at sustainable levels. The technology mix needed to avoid such a development is clear: higher generation efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, nuclear and renewables. Earlier IEA publications have extensively reviewed developed countries’ efforts to steer generation away from carbon-intensive production modes, from dedicated support to low-carbon technologies to, increasingly, the reliance on CO2 pricing via emissions trading. Following the same logic, there are proposals seeking to use the international carbon market to drive changes at sectoral level in developing countries. This publication illustrates the pros and cons of such an approach in a few key emerging economies. It also asks how international climate policy could support and enhance ongoing efforts on end-use energy efficiency - an essential piece of the climate change/electricity puzzle.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (186 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-in-electricity-building-bridges-to-a-safe-climate.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse current approaches to encourage energy efficiency in building codes for new buildings. Based on this analysis the paper enumerates policy recommendations for enhancing how energy efficiency is addressed in building codes and other policies for new buildings. This paper forms part of the IEA work for the G8 Gleneagles Plan of Action. These recommendations reflect the study of different policy options for increasing energy efficiency in new buildings and examination of other energy efficiency requirements in standards or building codes, such as energy efficiency requirements by major renovation or refurbishment. In many countries, energy efficiency of buildings falls under the jurisdiction of the federal states. Different standards cover different regions or climatic conditions and different types of buildings, such as residential or simple buildings, commercial buildings and more complicated high-rise buildings. There are many different building codes in the world and the intention of this paper is not to cover all codes on each level in all countries. Instead, the paper details different regions of the world and different ways of standards. In this paper we also evaluate good practices based on local traditions. This project does not seek to identify one best practice amongst the building codes and standards. Instead, different types of codes and different parts of the regulation have been illustrated together with examples on how they have been successfully addressed. To complement this discussion of efficiency standards, this study illustrates how energy efficiency can be improved through such initiatives as efficiency labelling or certification, very best practice buildings with extremely low- or no-energy consumption and other policies to raise buildings’ energy efficiency beyond minimum requirements. When referring to the energy saving potentials for buildings, this study uses the analysis of recent IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook 2006 (WEO) and Energy Technology Perspective (ETP). Here, we based the estimates of potentials on the scenarios presented, in particular on the predictions of consumption in the residential and commercial sectors in the WEO 2006. Finally, this paper recommends policies which could be used to realise these large and feasible energy saving potentials in new buildings, and the use of building codes by renovation or refurbishment. The paper addresses as well experts as policy makers and interest groups with particular interest in energy efficiency in new buildings. Some parts might hence seem simplified and known for some experts, such as the discussions on barriers or the climatic impact on efficiency. Other parts might on the other hand seem a little technical for the policy oriented reader or for some interest groups. But there are large and compelling opportunities, this is recognised by many experts as well as there is a will to act by many policymakers and governments. But still too little happen because there are barriers and low understanding also in the institutional parts or little communications between different layers of the implementation process. The paper hence aims to bridge these gabs by addressing several different groups at the same time. So hopefully the reader will accept these inconveniences.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (85 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-efficiency-requirements-in-building-codes---policies-for-new-buildings.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world needs ever increasing energy supplies to sustain economic growth and development. But energy resources are under pressure and CO2 emissions from today’s energy use already threaten our climate. What options do we have for switching to a cleaner and more efficient energy future? How much will it cost? And what policies do we need? This second edition of Energy Technology Perspectives addresses these questions, drawing on the renowned expertise of the International Energy Agency and its energy technology network. This publication responds to the G8 call on the IEA to provide guidance for decision makers on how to bridge the gap between what is happening and what needs to be done in order to build a clean, clever and competitive energy future. The IEA analysis demonstrates that a more sustainable energy future is within our reach, and that technology is the key. Increased energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables, and nuclear power will all be important. We must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the dependency on fossil fuels with its consequent effects on energy security and the environment. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in an ambitious series of global scenarios to 2050. The study contains technology road maps for all key energy sectors, including electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 provides detailed technology and policy insights to help focus the discussion and debate in energy circles..
    Pages: Online-Ressource (500 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-perspectives-2008--.html
    Language: English
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    International Trade and Climate Change : Economic, Legal, and Institutional Perspectives (2008)
    Washington, D. C. : The World Bank
    Details
    Keywords: global challenge ; commodities, pricing, and trade ; global trade ; climate change ; global emission goals ; trade policies ; global trade objectives ; climate regimes ; policy objective ; environment and pollution prevention
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate change remains a global challenge requiring international collaborative action. Another area where countries have successfully committed to a long-term multilateral resolution is the liberalization of international trade. Integration into the world economy has proven a powerful means for countries to promote economic growth, development, and poverty reduction. The broad objectives of the betterment of current and future human welfare are shared by both global trade and climate regimes. Yet both climate and trade agendas have evolved largely independently through the years, despite their mutually supporting objectives. Since global emission goals and global trade objectives are shared policy objectives of most countries, and nearly all of the World Bank's clients, it makes sense to consider the two sets of objectives together.This book is one of the first comprehensive attempts to look at the synergies between climate change and trade objectives from economic, legal, and institutional perspectives. It addresses an important policy question - how changes in trade policies and international cooperation on trade policies can help address global environmental spillovers, especially GHG emissions, and what the (potential) effects of (national) environmental policies that are aimed at global environmental problems might be for trade and investment. It explores opportunities for aligning development and energy policies in such a way that they could stimulate production, trade, and investment in cleaner technology options.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XII, 144 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780821372265
    URL: http://books.google.de/books?id=IMgTpxrrGCwC
    Language: English
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    14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing (ISARS 2008) : 23-25 June 2008, Risø National Laboratory, DTU, Denmark (2008)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: The 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing (ISARS 2008) addresses acoustical, optical and microwave techniques to probe the lower part of the atmosphere. The symposium focuses on the physical basis of remote sensing techniques and new instruments. A theme for the conference is also various applications of remote sensing, this year with special emphasis on wind energy. ISARS is an informal association of scientists from all over the world which organizes a symposium every second year. While the abbreviation ISARS has remained unchanged since the start in Calgary 1981, the words have changed from International Symposium on Acoustic Remote Sensing and Associated Techniques of the Atmosphere and Oceans because other techniques than the acoustic have become important for boundary layer remote sensing. Specifically lasers for remote wind sensing are developing rapidly. By the end of each symposium the chairman of the next has been elected. So far the symposia have taken place in different countries each time with different chairs. The scientific organizing committee, which consists mainly of chair persons of previous symposia, maintains the continuity of themes and of the organization in general. After the last symposium held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, many of the papers appeared in revised and improved form in a special issue of Meteorologische Zeitschrift. A similar special issue is also planned to follow ISARS 2008. I wish to express my gratitude to the scientific organizing committee for valuable advice and to the local organizing committee for all their effort with the conference papers and the conference itself. Jakob Mann, Conference Chair
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/1/1
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    Donald D Harrington Symposium on the Geology of the Aegean : 28-30 April 2008, University of Texas at Austin, Jackson School of Geosciences, USA (2008)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume of the IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Sciences presents a selection of papers given at the Donald D Harrington Symposium on the Geology of the Aegean held on the campus of the University of Texas at Austin on April 28-30, 2008. Donald D Harrington was born in Illinois in 1899 and moved westward after serving in the Army Air Corps during World War I. Mr Harrington took a position as a landman with Marlin Oil Company in Oklahoma. When the Texas Panhandle oil boom hit in 1926, he moved to Amarillo, Texas, where he met Sybil Buckingham—the granddaughter of one of Amarillo's founding families. They married in 1935 and went on to build one of the most successful independent oil and gas operations in Texas history. The couple created the Don and Sybil Harrington Foundation in 1951 to support worthy causes such as museums, medical research, education, and the arts. At the Harrington Symposium on the Geology of the Aegean, researchers presented papers organized under five general themes: (1) the geology of Aegean in general (2) the geologic history of specific domains within the Aegean (Cyclades, Menderes, Kazdag, Rhodope, Crete, southern Balkans, etc) (3) the dynamic tectonic processes that occur within the Aegean (4) its geo-archeological history, natural history and hazards and (5) comparisons of the Aegean to regions elsewhere (e.g., Basin and Ranges; Asian extensional terranes). The Aegean is a locus of dynamic research in a variety of fields, and the symposium provided an opportunity for geologists from a range of disciplines to interact and share new results and information about their research in the area...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/2/1
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    Issues behind Competitiveness and Carbon Leakage (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the vulnerability of heavy industry to carbon leakage and competitiveness loss. It reviews the existing literature on competitiveness and carbon leakage under uneven climate policies. It also suggests a statistical method to track carbon leakage, and applies this methodology to Phase I of the EU emissions trading scheme, for various industrial activities: iron and steel, cement, aluminium and refineries. Finally, it reviews measures to mitigate carbon leakage, as discussed in Australia, Canada, Europe, New Zealand and the US.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (122 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/issues-behind-competitiveness-and-carbon-leakage.html
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    Energy in the Western Balkans (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. The Western Balkans – composed of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Kosovo – is a complex region facing significant energy challenges. The conflicts over the break-up of the former Yugoslavia damaged much of the energy infrastructure and compounded the challenge of providing reliable energy supply. Electricity systems in many parts of the region remain fragile and in need of investment. A priority across the region is to put into place the institutions, infrastructure and policies that can support the provision of reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. For the Western Balkans as a whole, a key element of the reform effort is the Energy Community Treaty – a regulatory and market framework to which the entire region has now subscribed. This Treaty aims to create an integrated regional market for electricity and gas compatible with the European Union’s internal energy market. This Energy Policy Survey is the first comprehensive review of energy policies and strategies in the Western Balkan region, and also covers important cross-cutting topics such as co-operation and energy trade, oil and gas transportation, and the links between energy and poverty. It identifies and assesses the reforms that are still needed to deliver efficient, modernised energy systems that can assist economic development, address energy poverty and reduce the environmental impacts of energy use.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (416 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-in-the-western-balkans.html
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    Fisheries for global welfare and environment : memorial book of the 5th World Fisheries Congress 2008 (2008)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Keywords: fisheries management ; fish biology ; aquaculture ; ecosystems ; climate change and fisheries ; freshwater, coastal and marine environments
    Description / Table of Contents: Plenary Lectures --- Fisheries Management: Status and Challenges / Ichiro Nomura / pp. 1-16 --- Exploring the BOFFFF Hypothesis Using a Model of Southern African Deepwater Hake (Merluccius paradoxus) / John G. Field, Coleen L. Moloney, Louis du Buisson, Astrid Jarre, Tore Stroemme, Marek R. Lipinski and Paulus Kainge / pp. 17-26 --- Effects of Fishing on Inter and Intra Stock Diversity of Marine Resources / Gudrun Marteinsdóttir and Heidi Pardoe / pp. 27-43 --- Knowledge on How To Achieve Sustainable Fisheries / Ray Hilborn / pp. 45-56 --- The Role of Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Determinants of Evolution and Hominid Brain Development / Michael A. Crawford, C. Leigh Broadhurst, Claudio Galli, Kebreab Ghebremeskel, Holm Holmsen, Letten F. Saugstad, Walter F. Schmidt, Andrew J. Sinclair and Stephen C. Cunnane / pp. 57-76 --- Genomics and the Genome Duplication in Salmonids / Ben F. Koop and William S. Davidson / pp. 77-86 --- A Tale of Two Initiatives: Integrated Coastal Management in Xiamen and Batangas Bay Region / Thia-Eng Chua / pp. 87-102 --- Keynote 1: Fisheries and Fish Biology --- Age-validated Longevity of Fishes: Its Importance for Sustainable Fisheries / Gregor M. Cailliet and Allen H. Andrews / pp. 103-120 --- Monitoring Prey Availability via Data Loggers Deployed on Seabirds: Advances and Present Limitations / C. A. Bost, A. Jaeger, W. Huin, P. Koubbi, L. G. Halsey, H. Hanuise and Y. Handrich / pp. 121-137 --- Refocusing Stock Assessment in Support of Policy Evaluation / André E. Punt / pp. 139-152 --- Hatchery Stocking for Restoring Wild Populations: A Genetic Evaluation of the Reproductive Success of Hatchery Fish vs. Wild Fish / Hitoshi Araki / pp. 153-167 --- A Review of Bycatch and Discard Issue Toward Solution / Tatsuro Matsuoka / pp. 169-180 --- Keynote 2: Aquaculture --- Environmental Impact of Aquaculture on Coastal Planktonic Ecosystems / Yngvar Olsen and Lasse Mork Olsen / pp. 181-196 --- Meeting the Future Demand for Aquatic Food through Aquaculture: the Role of Aquatic Animal Health / Melba G. Bondad-Reantaso and Rohana P. Subasinghe / pp. 197-207 --- Keynote 3: Biotechnology --- Spermatogonial Transplantation in Fish: Production of Trout Offspring from Salmon Parents / Tomoyuki Okutsu, Yutaka Takeuchi and Goro Yoshizaki / pp. 209-219 --- Biotechnology of Marine Invertebrates-Recent Advances in Shrimp and Shellfish / Anchalee Tassanakajon, Tipachai Vatanavicharn, Premruethai Supungul, Sureerat Tang, Piti Amparyup, Kunlaya Somboonwiwat, Sirinit Tharntada, Jun Takahashi and Haruhiko Toyohara / pp. 221-239 --- Molecular Biotechnology of Development and Growth in Fish Muscle / Ian A. Johnston, Daniel J. Macqueen and Shugo Watabe / pp. 241-262 --- Molecular Innate Immunity in Teleost Fish: Review and Future Perspectives / Takashi Aoki, Tomokazu Takano, Mudjekeewis D. Santos, Hidehiro Kondo and Ikuo Hirono / pp. 263-276 --- Molecular Interaction between Fish Pathogens and Host Aquatic Animals / Laura L. Brown and Stewart C. Johnson / pp. 277-288 --- Keynote 4: Post Harvest Science and Technology --- Progress on Processing and Utilization of Aquatic Products in China / Xichang Wang, Jingjing Zhang and Jiechun Deng / pp. 289-295 --- Molecular Identification of Species and the Geographic Origin of Seafood / Michiaki Yamashita, Atsushi Namikoshi, Jun Iguchi, Yasuharu Takashima, Mohammed Anwar Hossain, Takeshi Yabu and Yumiko Yamashita / pp. 297-306 --- Keynote 5: Ecosystems—Linking Climate Change and Fisheries— --- Effects of Climate Change on Marine Ecosystems / Chen-Tung Arthur Chen / pp. 307-316 --- Keynote 6: Freshwater, Coastal and Marine Environments --- Harmful Algal Blooms and Ocean Observing Systems: Needs, Present Status and Future Potential / Donald M. Anderson / pp. 317-334 --- Coastal Artificial Habitats for Fishery and Environmental Management and Scientific Advancement / William Seaman / pp. 335-349 --- “Sato-Umi”—A New Concept for Sustainable Fisheries / Tetsuo Yanagi / pp. 351-358 --- Keynote 7: Biodiversity and Management --- Optimal Fishing Policies That Maximize Sustainable Ecosystem Services / Hiroyuki Matsuda, Mitsutaku Makino and Koji Kotani / pp. 359-369 --- Ecosystem-Based Sustainable Conservation and Management of Pacific Salmon / Masahide Kaeriyama / pp. 371-380 --- Some Lessons from Implementing Management Procedures / Douglas S. Butterworth / pp. 381-397 --- Keynote 8: Economics and Social Science --- Reconsidering the Contribution of Fisheries to Society and Millennium Development Goals / Kenneth Ruddle / pp. 399-411 --- Advantages and Disadvantages of the Fisheries Trade / Yoshiaki Matsuda / pp. 413-423 --- Keynote 9: Education and International Cooperation --- Japan’s Fisheries Cooperation: Principle, Programs and Achievements / Akihiro Mae / pp. 425-434 --- Institutional Capacity Development for Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries: Strategic Partnership with Local Institutions / Renato F. Agbayani and Joebert D. Toledo / pp. 435-448 --- International Cooperation for Higher Education in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science—A European Point of View— / Jean Dhont / pp. 449-460
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XXIV, 470 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9784887041448
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/onlineproceedings/fs/wfc2008/
    Language: English
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    Biological responses to chemical pollutants (2008)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Description / Table of Contents: Measuring and Monitoring POPs: A Critique / R. S. S. Wu, A. K. Y. Chan, B. Richardson, D. W. T. Au, J. K. H. Fong, P. K. S. Lam and J. P. Giesy / pp. 1-6 --- Fish Models in Impact Assessment of Carcinogenic Potential of Environmental Chemical Pollutants: An Appraisal of Hermaphroditic Mangrove Killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus / S. Raisuddin and J.-S. Lee / pp. 7-15 --- Research on Ecotoxicology and Applications in Singapore: Description of the Sponge Aggregation Assay / B. Goh / pp. 17-29 --- Perspective of Ecotoxicological Conduction for Water Quality Monitoring in Thailand / N. Tapaneeyakul / pp. 31-35 --- Chronic Effects of Waterborne PFOS Exposure on Growth, Development, Reproduction and Hepatotoxicity in Zebrafish / Y. Du, X. Shi, K. Yu, C. Liu and B. Zhou / pp. 37-54 --- Testicular Toxicity of Arsenic on Spermatogenesis in Fish / F. T. Celino, S. Yamaguchi, C. Miura and T. Miura / pp. 55-60 --- Prostanoid Signaling Mediates Circulation Failure Caused by TCDD in Developing Zebrafish / H. Teraoka, A. Kubota, Y. Kawai and T. Hiraga / pp. 61-80 --- Molecular Basis for Differential Dioxin Sensitivity in Birds: Characterization of Avian AHR Isoforms / E.-Y. Kim, H. Iwata, T. Yasui, N. Inoue, J.-S. Lee, D. G. Franks, S. I. Karchner, M. E. Hahn and S. Tanabe / pp. 81-86 --- Application of Bioassays for the Detection of Dioxins and Dioxin-like Compounds in Wastes and the Environment / H. Takigami, G. Suzuki and S. Sakai / pp. 87-94 --- Modulation of Expression of Oxidative Stress Genes of the Intertidal Copepod Tigriopus japonicus after Exposure to Environmental Chemicals / J.-S. Lee and S. Raisuddin / pp. 95-105 --- Application of Ascidian DNA Microarray Analysis for Risk Assessment of Marine Chemical Pollutants / K. Azumi, S. Amano, S. V. Sabau, A. Kamimura, N. Satoh and R. Koyanagi / pp. 107-110 --- Immune Gene Expression Levels Correlate with the Phenotype of Japanese Flounder Exposed to Heavy Oil / J.-Y. Song, K. Nakayama, Y. Murakami and S.-I. Kitamura / pp. 111-122 --- Yeast OMICS System for Environmental Toxicology / Y. Tanaka, T. Higashi, R. Rakwal, J. Shibato, S. Wakida and H. Iwahashi / pp. 123-132 --- Genomic Response in Daphnia to Chemical Pollutants / H. Watanabe, K. Kobayashi, Y. Kato, S. Oda, R. Abe, N. Tatarazako and T. Iguchi / pp. 133-142 --- Medaka DNA Microarray: A Tool for Evaluating Physiological Impacts of Various Toxicants / K. Kishi, E. Kitagawa, H. Iwahashi, K. Suzuki and Y. Hayashi / pp. 143-154 --- Sensing of Heavy Metals Using Caenorhabditis elegans DNA Microarray / N. Tominaga, T. Matsuno, S. Kohra and K. Arizono / pp. 155-161 --- Application of Microarray Technology to Toxicity Evaluation in Wild Common Cormorants Contaminated with Persistent Organic Pollutants / K. Nakayama, H. Iwata, L. Tao, K. Kannan, M. Imoto, E.-Y. Kim, K. Tashiro and S. Tanabe / pp. 163-170 --- Effects of Heavy Oil on the Developing Japanese Flounder Paralichthys Olivaceus / H. Nokame, S.-I. Kitamura, K. Nakayama, S. Matsuoka, H. Sakaguchi and Y. Murakami / pp. 171-178 --- Genetic Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Human: Evidence from Vietnam / T. Agusa, J. Fujihara, T. B. Minh, P. T. K. Trang, H. Takeshita, H. Iwata, P. H. Viet and S. Tanabe / pp. 179-185 --- Low Induction Potencies of Cytochrome P450 2B and 3A by Persistent Organic Pollutants in Baikal Seal (Pusa sibirica) / H. Sakai, H. Iwata, E.-Y. Kim, E. A. Petrov and S. Tanabe / pp. 187-195 --- Effects of Dioxins and Related Compounds in the Liver of Wild Baikal Seals: An Implication from a Toxicogenomic Approach / S. Hirakawa, D. Imaeda, K. Nakayama, E.-Y. Kim, T. Kunisue, S. Tanabe, E. A. Petrov, V. B. Batoev and H. Iwata / pp. 197-205 --- Interspecies Difference in Susceptibility of TCDD-induced Avian CYP1A5 Transactivation is Dependent on AHR1, not on CYP1A5 Promoter/Enhancer Region / J.-S. Lee, E.-Y. Kim, H. Iwata and S. Tanabe / pp. 207-224 --- Molecular Characterization of Avian Metallothionein (MT) 1 and 2 Isoforms: mRNA Expression, Transactivation Potency, and Detoxification Potential Associated with Element Exposure / D.-H. Nam, E.-Y. Kim and H. Iwata / pp. 225-239 --- Vacuolar-type H+-Translocating ATPase is the Target of Tributyltin Chloride / K. Akiyama, S. Chardwiriyapreecha, T. Chahomchuen, N. Sugimito, T. Sekito, S. Nishimoto, T. Sugahara and Y. Kakinuma / pp. 241-249 --- Characterization of the Vacuolar Transporters for Amino Acid Recycling in Yeast Autophagy / T. Chahomchuen, T. Sekito, K. Hondo, S. Nishimoto, T. Sugahara and Y. Kakinuma / pp. 251-261 --- The Structure-Activity Relationships of Flaxseed Lignan, Secoisolariciresinol / T. Sugahara, S. Yamauchi, S. Nishimoto, A. Kondo, F. Ohno, S. Tominaga, Y. Nakashima, T. Kishida, K. Akiyama, M. Maruyama and Y. Kakinuma / pp. 263-268 --- Risk Assessment of Heavy Oil on Terrestrial Mammals / S. Nishimoto, M. Yamawaki, S.-I. Kitamura, K. Akiyama, Y. Kakinuma and T. Sugahara / pp. 269-274 --- The Role of the Earthworm, Pheretima (Metaphire) hilgendorfi, in Terrestrial Ecosystem Nutrient Cycling / M. Nozaki, C. Miura, Y. Tozawa and T. Miura / pp. 275-279 --- Toxicological Effects of Heavy Oil on Carp by NMR-based Metabolic Profiling of Plasma / S. Uno, E. Kokushi and J. Koyama / pp. 281-289 --- In vitro and in vivo Estrogenic Effects of Fluorotelomer Alcohols in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) / H. Ishibashi, R. Yamauchi, M. Matsuoka, J.-W. Kim, M. Hirano, A. Yamaguchi, N. Tominaga and K. Arizono / pp. 291-301 --- Expression Analysis of Ecdysone Receptor and Ultraspiracle through Molting Period in Mysid Crustacean, Americamysis bahia / M. Hirano, H. Ishibashi, R. Yamauchi, J.-W. Kim and K. Arizono / pp. 303-310 --- Temporal Variation of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs in Baikal Seals (Pusa sibirica) / D. Imaeda, T. Kunisue, Y. Ochi, H. Iwata, O. Tsydenova, S. Takahashi, M. Amano, E. A. Petrov, V. B. Batoev and S. Tanabe / pp. 311-320 --- Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Blood of Cetacean Species Stranded along the Japanese Coast / S. Murata, T. Kunisue, S. Takahashi, T. K. Yamada and S. Tanabe / pp. 321-330 --- Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Hexabromocyclododecanes in Japanese Human Adipose Tissues / T. Isobe, H. Oda, N. Takayanagi, T. Kunisue, M. Nose, T. Yamada, H. Komori, N. Arita, N. Ueda, S. Takahashi and S. Tanabe / pp. 331-338 --- Spatial Distribution and Accumulation of Organohalogen Compounds in Human Breast Milk from the Philippines / G. Malarvannan, T. Kunisue, T. Isobe, A. Sudaryanto, S. Takahashi, M. Prudente and S. Tanabe / pp. 339-347 --- Cell-to-cell Contact is Required for Transfer of Tetracycline Resistance Gene tet(M) in Marine Bacteria / F. A. Neela, N. Nagahama and S. Suzuki / pp. 349-353 --- Occurrence Rates of Sulfamethoxazole and Erythromycin-Resistant Bacteria and Drug Concentrations in Wastewater of Integrated Aquaculture-Agriculture (VAC) Sites in Northern Vietnam / P. T. P. Hoa, S. Managaki, N. Nakada, H. Takada, D. H. Anh, P. H. Viet and S. Suzuki / pp. 355-359 --- Comparative Study of Pesticide Effects (Herbicide and Fungicide) on Zooplankton Community / K.-H. Chang, M. Sakamoto, J.-Y. Ha, T. Murakami, Y. Miyabara, S. Nakano, H. Imai, H. Doi and T. Hanazato / pp. 361-366 --- Succession of Harmful Algae Microcystis (Cyanophyceae) Species in a Eutrophic Pond / H. Imai, K.-H. Chang, M. Kusaba and S. Nakano / pp. 367-372
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 372 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9784887041455
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/onlineproceedings/ec/01/
    Language: English
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    XXIVth Conference of the Danubian Countries on the Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Bases of Water Management : 2-4 June 2008, Bled, Slovenia (2008)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
    Details
    Keywords: hydrological forecasting ; hydro-meteorological extremes, floods and droughts ; global climate change and antropogenic impacts on hydrological processes ; water management ; floods, morphological processes, erosion, sediment transport and sedimentation ; developments in hydrology
    Description / Table of Contents: This volume of IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science presents a selection of papers that were given at the 24th Conference of the Danube Countries. Within the framework of the International Hydrological Program IHP of UNESCO. Since 1961 the Danube countries have successfully co-operated in organizing conferences on Hydrological Forecasting and Hydrological Water Management Issues. The 24th Conference of the Danube Countries took place between 2-4 June 2008 in Bled, Slovenia and was organized by the National Committee of Slovenia for the International Hydrological Program of UNESCO, under the auspices of the President of Republic of Slovenia. It was organized jointly by the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO and the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia, under the support of UNESCO, WMO, and IAHS...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/4/1
    Language: English
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    Collapse Calderas Workshop : 19-25 October 2008, Querétaro, Mexico (2008)
    Bristol, UK : IOP Publishing
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    Description / Table of Contents: Caldera-formation is one of the most awe-inspiring and powerful displays of nature's force. Resultant deposits may cover vast areas and significantly alter the immediate topography. Post-collapse activity may include resurgence, unrest, intra-caldera volcanism and potentially the start of a new magmatic cycle, perhaps eventually leading to renewed collapse. Since volcanoes and their eruptions are the surface manifestation of magmatic processes, calderas provide key insights into the generation and evolution of large-volume silicic magma bodies in the Earth's crust. Despite their potentially ferocious nature, calderas play a crucial role in modern society's life. Collapse calderas host essential economic deposits and supply power for many via the exploitation of geothermal reservoirs, and thus receive considerable scientific, economic and industrial attention. Calderas also attract millions of visitors world-wide with their spectacular scenic displays. To build on the outcomes of the 2005 calderas workshop in Tenerife (Spain) and to assess the most recent advances on caldera research, a follow-up meeting was proposed to be held in Mexico in 2008. This abstract volume presents contributions to the 2nd Calderas Workshop held at Hotel Misión La Muralla, Querétaro, Mexico, 19–25 October 2008. The title of the workshop `Reconstructing the evolution of collapse calderas: Magma storage, mobilisation and eruption' set the theme for five days of presentations and discussions, both at the venue as well as during visits to the surrounding calderas of Amealco, Amazcala and Huichapan. The multi-disciplinary workshop was attended by more than 40 scientist from North, Central and South America, Europe, Australia and Asia. Contributions covered five thematic topics: geology, geochemistry/petrology, structural analysis/modelling, geophysics, and hazards...
    URL: http://www.iop.org/EJ/toc/1755-1315/3/1
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2008 (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Are world oil and gas supplies under threat? How could a new international accord on stabilising greenhouse-gas emissions affect global energy markets? World Energy Outlook 2008 answers these and other burning questions. WEO-2008 draws on the experience of another turbulent year in energy markets to provide new energy projections to 2030, region by region and fuel by fuel. It incorporates the latest data and policies. WEO-2008 focuses on two pressing issues facing the energy sector today: - Prospects for oil and gas production: How much oil and gas exists and how much can be produced? Will investment be adequate? Through field-by-field analysis of production trends at 800 of the world’s largest oilfields, an assessment of the potential for finding and developing new reserves and a bottom-up analysis of upstream costs and investment, WEO-2008 takes a hard look at future global oil and gas supply. - Post-2012 climate scenarios: What emissions limits might emerge from current international negotiations on climate change? What role could cap-and-trade and sectoral approaches play in moving to a low-carbon energy future? Two different scenarios are assessed, one in which the atmospheric concentration of emissions is stabilised at 550 parts per million (ppm) in CO2 equivalent terms and the second at the still more ambitious level of 450 ppm. The implications for energy demand, prices, investment, air pollution and energy security are fully spelt out. This groundbreaking analysis will enable policy makers to distill the key choices as they strive to agree in Copenhagen in 2009 on a post-Kyoto climate framework. With extensive data, detailed projections and in-depth analysis, WEO-2008 provides invaluable insights into the prospects for the global energy market and what they mean for climate change.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (569 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264045606
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2008.pdf
    Language: English
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    Climate Policy and Carbon Leakage (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report explores the effects of the EU emissions trading scheme on the aluminium sector (i.e. competitiveness loss and carbon leakage). With its very high electricity intensity, primary aluminium stands out in the heavy industry picture: a sector whose emissions are not capped in the present EU ETS, European aluminium smelters still stand to lose profit margins and, possibly, market shares, as electricity prices increase following CO2 caps on generators’ emissions - the famous pass-through of CO2 prices into electricity prices. The analysis includes a method of quantification of this issue, based on two indicators: profit margins and trade flows. As the EU is at the forefront of such policy, the paper provides policy messages to all countries on how trade exposed energy-intensive industries can be ‘moved’ by carbon constraint. This also is a contentious topic in Australia, Japan, New Zealand, and the US, where ambitious climate policies – including cap-and-trade systems – are currently debated.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (45 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/climate-policy-and-carbon-leakage.html
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    Price Caps and Price Floors in Climate Policy (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. See also Assessing the value of price caps and floors, November 2009 This study assesses the long-term economic and environmental effects of introducing price caps and price floors in hypothetical climate change mitigation architecture, which aims to reduce global energy-related CO2 emissions by 50% by 2050. Based on abatement costs in IPCC and IEA reports, this quantitative analysis confirms what qualitative analyses have already suggested: introducing price caps could significantly reduce economic uncertainty. This uncertainty stems primarily from unpredictable economic growth and energy prices, and ultimately unabated emission trends. In addition, the development of abatement technologies is uncertain. With price caps, the expected costs could be reduced by about 50% and the uncertainty on economic costs could be one order of magnitude lower. Reducing economic uncertainties may spur the adoption of more ambitious policies by helping to alleviate policy makers’ concerns of economic risks. Meanwhile, price floors would reduce the level of emissions beyond the objective if the abatement costs ended up lower than forecasted. If caps and floors are commensurate with the ambition of the policy pursued and combined with slightly tightened emission objectives, climatic results could be on average similar to those achieved with “straight” objectives (i.e. with no cost-containment mechanism).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/price-caps-and-price-floors-in-climate-policy.html
    Language: English
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    Combined Heat & Power and Emissions Trading : Options for Policy Makers (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The aim of this IEA Information Paper is to help policy makers and other stakeholders understand the challenges facing the incorporation of high efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) into greenhouse gas (GHG) Emissions Trading Schemes (ETSs) – and to propose options for overcoming them.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (27 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/combined-heat--power-and-emissions-trading---options-for-policy-makers.html
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    CO2 Capture and Storage : A key carbon abatement option (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Climate change is a major challenge. Secure, reliable and affordable energy supplies are needed for economic growth, but increases in the associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the cause of major concern. About 69% of all CO2 emissions, and 60% of all greenhouse gas emissions, are energy-related. Recent IEA analysis in Energy Technology Perspectives 2008 (ETP) projects that the CO2 emissions attributable to the energy sector will increase by 130% by 2050 in the absence of new policies or supply constraints, largely as a result of increased fossil fuel usage. The 2007 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 4th Assessment Report indicates that such a rise in emissions could lead to a temperature increase in the range of 4-7°C, with major impacts on the environment and human activity. It is widely agreed that a halving of energy-related CO2 emissions is needed by 2050 to limit the expected temperature increase to less than 3 degrees. To achieve this will take an energy technology revolution involving increased energy effi ciency, increased renewable energies and nuclear power, and the decarbonisation of power generation from fossil fuels. The only technology available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from large-scale fossil fuel usage is CO2 capture and storage (CCS). The ETP scenarios demonstrate that CCS will need to contribute nearly one-fi fth of the necessary emissions reductions to reduce global GHG emissions by 50% by 2050 at a reasonable cost. CCS is therefore essential to the achievement of deep emission cuts. Most of the major world economies recognise this, and have CCS technology development programmes designed to achieve commercial deployment. In fact, at the 2008 Hokkaido Toyako summit, the G8 countries endorsed the IEA’s recommendation that 20 large-scale CCS demonstration projects need to be committed by 2010, with a view to beginning broad deployment by 2020. Ministers specifi cally asked for an assessment by the IEA in 2010 of the implementation of these recommendations, as well as an assessment of progress towards accelerated deployment and commercialisation. Current spending and activity levels are nowhere near enough to achieve these deployment goals. CCS technology demonstration has been held back for a number of reasons. In particular, CCS technology costs have increased signifi cantly in the last 5 years. In the absence of suitable fi nancial mechanisms to support CCS, including signifi cant public and private funding for nearterm demonstrations and longer-term integration of CCS into GHG regulatory and incentive schemes, high costs have precluded the initiation of large-scale CCS projects. The regulatory framework necessary to support CCS projects also needs to be further developed. Despite important progress, especially in relation to international marine protection treaties, no country has yet developed the comprehensive, detailed legal and regulatory framework that is necessary effectively to govern the use of CCS. CCS is also poorly understood by the general public. As a result, there is a general lack of public support for CCS as compared to several other GHG mitigation options. This report attempts to address some of these issues by collecting the best global information about the cost and performance of CO2 capture, transport and storage technologies throughout the CCS project chain. Chapters 1-4 contain this information, and use it to conduct a scenario analysis of the role of CCS in climate change mitigation. Chapter 5 discusses the fi nancial incentive mechanisms that governments can use to provide both short- and long-term incentives for CCS. This chapter also contains an expansion and update of the 2007 IEA publication Legal Aspects of CO2 Storage: Updates and Recommendations and examines the current state of public awareness and acceptance of the relevant technologies. Chapter 6 includes a review of the status of CCS policies, research and demonstration programmes, and CO2 storage prospects for several regions and countries. Chapter 7 concludes with a proposed CCS roadmap that includes the necessary technical, political, fi nancial and international collaboration activities to enable CCS to make the contribution it needs to make to global GHG mitigation in the coming decades.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (266 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/co2-capture-and-storage--a-key-carbon-abatement-option.html
    Language: English
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    Combined Heat and Power (2008)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: At their 2007 Summit in Heiligendamm, G8 leaders called on countries to “adopt instruments and measures to significantly increase the share of combined heat and power (CHP) in the generation of electricity.” As a result, energy, economic, environmental and utility regulators are looking for tools and information to understand the potential of CHP and to identify appropriate policies for their national circumstances. This report forms the first part of the response. It includes answers to policy makers’ questions about the potential economic, energy and environmental benefits of an increased policy commitment to CHP. It also includes for the first time integrated IEA data on global CHP installations, and analyses the benefits of increased CHP investment in the G8+5 countries. A companion report will be produced later in 2008 to document best practice policy approaches that have been used to expand the use of CHP in a variety of countries.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (39 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/combined-heat-and-power.html
    Language: English
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    The role of physical processes in mangrove environments : manual for the preservation and utilization of mangrove ecosystems (2007)
    Tokyo : TERRAPUB
    Details
    Keywords: mangrove systems ; physical processes ; mangrove physics ; tidal flow ; mangrove vegetation ; mangrove swamps ; sea waves and tsunamis ; formation of water properties ; material exchange ; sediment transport ; groundwater flow ; formation of soil properties
    Description / Table of Contents: Part I: Outline of the physical processes within mangrove systems --- Chapter 1: Introduction --- Chapter 2: Present state of mangrove studies from a physical viewpoint --- Chapter 3: Physical factors that shape mangrove environments --- Chapter 4: Hydrodynamics and physics that support the mangrove environment --- Chapter 5: Feedback processes that maintain the mangrove environment --- Chapter 6: Research technology --- Chapter 7: Modeling of mangrove systems --- Chapter 8: Future studies in the context of the preservation and utilization of mangroves
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XX, 598 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.terrapub.co.jp/e-library/matsuda/
    Language: English
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    Energy Efficiency in the North American Existing Building Stock (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents the findings of a new assessment of the techno-economic and policy-related efficiency improvement potential in the North American building stock conducted as part of a wider appraisal of existing buildings in member states of the International Energy Agency. It summarizes results and provides insights into the lessons learned through a broader global review of best practice to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings. At this time, the report is limited to the USA because of the large size of its buildings market. At a later date, a more complete review may include some details about policies and programs in Canada. If resources are available an additional comprehensive review of Canada and Mexico may be performed in the future.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (108 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-efficiency-in-the-north-american-existing-building-stock.html
    Language: English
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    Experience with Energy Efficiency Requirements for Electrical Equipment (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper has been produced as part of the work programme in support of the Gleneagles Plan of Action (GPOA), where the IEA was requested to “undertake a study to review existing global appliance standards and codes”. In accordance with the G8 request, this study investigates the coverage and impact of forms of minimum energy performance standards (MEPS) and comparative energy labelling programmes; which comprise the cornerstone of most IEA countries national energy efficiency strategy. This scope also reflects governments’ aspirations to achieve ambitious targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. As a result, this study does not address endorsement labelling and associated voluntary programmes, although these are also important policy tools for national energy efficiency strategies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (105 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/experience-with-energy-efficiency-requirements-for-electrical-equipment.html
    Language: English
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    Financing Energy Efficient Homes (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Existing buildings require over 40% of the world’s total final energy consumption, and account for 24% of world CO2 emissions (IEA, 2006a). Much of this consumption could be avoided through improved efficiency of building energy systems (IEA, 2006a) using current, commercially-viable technology. In most cases, these technologies make economic sense on a life-cycle cost analysis (IEA, 2006b). Moreover, to the extent that they reduce dependence on risk-prone fossil energy sources, energy efficient technologies also address concerns of energy security.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (52 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/financing-energy-efficient-homes.html
    Language: English
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    Reviewing R&D Policies (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Energy security, environmental protection and economic prosperity all pose major challenges for today’s energy decision makers. To meet these challenges, innovation, the adoption of new cost effective technologies, and better use of existing energy-efficient technologies are key elements. The world is not on course for a sustainable energy future – with security concerns and CO2 emissions projected to more than double by 2050. But this alarming outlook can be changed. A recent major IEA analysis “Energy Technology Perspectives – Scenarios and Strategies to 2050” (IEA, 2006) demonstrate that by developing and employing technologies that already exist or are under development, the world could be brought onto a much more sustainable energy path. The costs of achieving a more sustainable energy future are not disproportionate, but they will require substantial effort and investment by both the public and private sectors. There will be significant additional transitional costs related to RD&D and deployment programmes to commercialise many of the technologies over the next couple of decades. Governments will continue to play a major role in energy technology R&D – in defining policies and funding them. How can IEA member country governments be sure they are making the right choices? One answer is by learning from the experience of others – through the use of peer reviews. The IEA version of the peer review – the in-depth review - is a well established tool used since the IEA was created more than 30 years ago. It provides for its members a framework to examine and compare experiences and discuss “best practices” in a host of energy policy areas, including research, development and technology policy. Making the most of the in-depth review process, as well as recommendations emanating from it, offers the promise of better and more well-informed R&D policies – ultimately assisting the development of the new energy technologies that we so urgently need.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (79 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/reviewing-rd-policies.html
    Language: English
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    Contribution of Renewables to Energy Security (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The environmental benefits of renewable energy are well known. But the contribution that they can make to energy security is less widely recognised. This report aims to redress the balance, showing how in electricity generation, heat supply, and transport, renewables can enhance energy security and suggesting policies that can optimise this contribution.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (74 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/contribution-of-renewables-to-energy-security.html
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2007 : China and India Insights (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: World leaders have pledged to act to change the energy future. Some new policies are in place. But the trends in energy demand, imports, coal use and greenhouse gas emissions to 2030 in this year’s World Energy Outlook are even worse than projected in WEO 2006. China and India are the emerging giants of the world economy. Their unprecedented pace of economic development will require ever more energy, but it will transform living standards for billions. There can be no question of asking them selectively to curb growth so as to solve problems which are global. So how is the transition to be achieved to a more secure, lower-carbon energy system? WEO 2007 provides the answers. With extensive statistics, projections in three scenarios, analysis and advice, it shows China, India and the rest of the world why we need to co-operate to change the energy future and how to do it.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (663 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789264027305
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO_2007.pdf
    Language: English
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    Fact Sheet : Energy Sector Methane Recovery and Use Initiative (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The IEA is undertaking a strategic inititive to improve global energy data and analysis by better incorporating energy sector methane emissions and recovery opportunities. The ultimate goal of this effort is to expand opportunities for cost-effective methane reductions from oil and natural gas facilities, landfills, and coal mines. Methane (CH4) is a hydrocarbon that is the primary component of natural gas. It is also a potent greenhouse gas(GHG), meaning that its presence in the atmosphere affects the earth’s temperature and climate system. As a result, efforts to reduce methane emissions by using methane for energy production can yield environmental, economic, and energy benefits.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/fact-sheet--energy-sector-methane-recovery-and-use-initiative.html
    Language: English
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    International Methane Partnership Fighting Climate Change (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Due to the growth of international attention on the problem of climate change combined with the attractiveness of methane mitigation technologies, the capture and use of methane in agriculture, coal mines, landfills, and the oil and gas sector has increasingly become popular over the past few years. Highlighting this, several countries hosted the international “Methane to Market” Partnership Conference and Exposition in October 2007 in Beijing, China.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (4 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/international-methane-partnership-fighting-climate-change.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Approaches to Greenhouse Gas Mitigation (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper explores sectoral approaches as a new set of options to enhance the effectiveness of greenhouse gas reduction policies and to engage emerging economies on a lower emission path. It surveys existing literature and recent policy trends in international climate change discussions, and provides an overview of sectoral approaches and related issues for trade-exposed, greenhouse-gas intensive industries (cement, iron and steel and aluminium). It is also based on interviews conducted by the IEA Secretariat in Australia, China, Europe, Japan, and the United States. Sectoral approaches were also discussed during workshops on technology and energy efficiency policies in industry, following the IEA’s mandate under the Gleneagles Plan of Action.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-to-greenhouse-gas-mitigation.html
    Language: English
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    Emissions Trading : Trends and Prospects (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper provides the latest developments of announced, proposed and existing greenhouse gas emissions trading schemes (ETS) around the world since 2006. It also examines different potential design options for ETS (e.g. coverage, allocation mode, provision for offsets), and how these options are treated in the existing, announced or proposed schemes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (43 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/emissions-trading--trends-and-prospects.html
    Language: English
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    SD-PAMs : What, Where, When and How? (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper examines what “sustainable development policies and measures” (SD-PAMs) could be, and how they could be implemented and could fit into a post-2012 climate regime. This paper assumes that the option to implement SD-PAMs instead of quantified GHG emission commitments post-2012 is an option that would be likely to be only open to non-Annex I countries. There are several key, but unanswered, questions related to SD-PAMs. These include policy-related issues such as which countries could take on commitments to implement SD-PAMs (rather than quantified emission commitments)? Why would particular countries decide to take on such commitments? They also include questions related to how SD-PAMs could be implemented. For many other options for possible post-2012 GHG mitigation actions, including by non-Annex I countries, have also been proposed. However, this paper focuses solely on SD-PAMs.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (36 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sd-pams--what-where-when-and-how.html
    Language: English
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    Policy Uncertainty, Investment and Commitment Periods (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Today’s investment decisions in key sectors such as energy, forestry or transport have significant impacts on the levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions over the coming decades. Given the economic and environmental long-term implications of capital investment and retirement, a climate mitigation regime should aim to encourage capital investment in climate-friendly technologies. Many factors affect technology choice and the timing of investment, including investor expectations about future prices and policies. Recent international discussions have focused on the importance of providing more certainty about future climate policy stringency. The design of commitment periods can play a role in creating this environment. This paper assesses how the length of commitment periods influences policy uncertainty and investment decisions. In particular, the paper analyses the relationship between commitment period length and near term investment decisions in climate friendly technology.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (29 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/policy-uncertainty-investment-and-commitment-periods.html
    Language: English
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    Carbon Capture and Storage in the CDM (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper assesses the policy questions as highlighted in the relevant COP/MOP 2 decision, particularly leaks (or seepage) and permanence for geological storage, project boundaries and liability issues, and leakage, as well as a few others raised by some Parties. Since any emissions or leaks during the separation, capture and transport phases would occur during the crediting period of the project (and would therefore be accounted for as project emissions), the paper focuses its analyses for leaks and liability on storage, as it is in this part of the CCS process that long-term leaks could occur.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (31 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/carbon-capture-and-storage-in-the-cdm.html
    Language: English
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    Toward a Clean, Clever and Competitive Energy Future (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: At the Gleneagles Summit in July 2005, the G8 heads of state asked the International Energy Agency (IEA) to identify measures to map out the path to a “clean, clever and competitive energy future.” This request came in recognition of the Agency’s strengths and offered the opportunity to draw on its existing expertise and programmes. We responded with a broad array of initiatives to develop strategies to mitigate climate change, secure clean energy and achieve sustainable development.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (12 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/toward-a-clean-clever-and-competitive-energy-future.html
    Language: English
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    Oil Supply Security : Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Since its founding in 1974, oil supply security has been a core mission of the International Energy Agency. In order to test IEA member countries’ readiness to deal with oil and gas emergencies, IEA member country representatives and the IEA Secretariat participate in peer reviews of member countries every few years. Procedures and institutional arrangements are thoroughly analysed. The publication Oil Supply Security: The Emergency Response of IEA Countries (2007) represents the last full cycle of reviews of IEA member countries (and some non-member countries). Below are updated reviews of member countries’ (and Chile) emergency preparedness in oil and gas carried out in the most recent review cycle (2009-2012).
    Pages: Online-Ressource (384 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/oil-supply-security-emergency-response-of-iea-countries.html
    Language: English
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    Bioenergy Project Development & Biomass Supply (2007)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Modern biomass, and the resulting useful forms of bioenergy produced from it, are anticipated by many advocates to provide a significant contribution to the global primary energy supply of many IEA member countries during the coming decades. For non-member countries, particularly those wishing to achieve economic growth as well as meet the goals for sustainable development, the deployment of modern bioenergy projects and the growing international trade in biomass-based energy carriers offer potential opportunities.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (66 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/bioenergy-project-development--biomass-supply.html
    Language: English
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    Energy Technology Perspectives 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: How much can technology contribute to securing adequate and affordable energy supplies and lower CO2 emissions? What energy technologies hold the most promise? How long will it take? At their 2005 summit in Gleneagles, G-8 leaders confronted these questions and decided to act with resolve and urgency. They called upon the International Energy Agency to provide advice on scenarios and strategies for a clean and secure energy future. Energy Technology Perspectives is a response to the G8 request. This innovative work demonstrates how energy technologies can make a difference in a series of global scenarios to 2050. It reviews in detail the status and prospects of key energy technologies in electricity generation, buildings, industry and transport. It assesses ways the world can enhance energy security and contain growth in CO2 emissions by using a portfolio of current and emerging technologies. Major strategic elements of a successful portfolio are energy efficiency, CO2 capture and storage, renewables and nuclear power. While technology does hold great promise for the future, we must act now if we are to unlock the potential of current and emerging technologies and reduce the impact of fossil fuel dependence on energy security and the environment. Energy Technology Perspectives provides detailed technology and policy insights to help policy makers craft sustainable solutions.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (484 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/energy-technology-perspectives-2006.html
    Language: English
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    The Experience with Energy Efficiency Policies and Programmes in IEA Countries (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The purpose of this report is to first present each of these criticisms in what we hope is an accurate manner. We then respond to each criticism based on actual experience with energy efficiency policies, programmes and measures in OECD countries. From this review, we draw conclusions regarding the merits of each criticism. We also make suggestions as to how energy efficiency proponents, analysts and policy makers could improve the design and analysis of future energy efficiency policies and programmes, based on the issues raised by the critics.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (47 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/the-experience-with-energy-efficiency-policies-and-programmes-in-iea-countries--learning-from-the-critics.html
    Language: English
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    Lights Labour’s Lost (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When William Shakepeare wrote Love’s Labour’s Lost he would have used light from tallow candles at a cost (today) of £12,000 per million-lumen hours. The same amount of light from electric lamps now costs only £2! But today’s low-cost illumination still has a dark side. Globally, lighting consumes more electricity than is produced by either hydro or nuclear power and results in CO2 emissions equivalent to two thirds of the world’s cars. A standard incandescent lamp may be much more efficient than a tallow candle, but it is far less efficient than a high-pressure sodium lamp. Were inefficient light sources to be replaced by the equivalent efficient ones, global lighting energy demand would be up to 40% less at a lower overall cost. Larger savings still could be realised through the intelligent use of controls, lighting levels and daylight. But achieving efficient lighting is not just a question of technology; it requires policies to transform current practice. This book documents the broad range of policy measures to stimulate efficient lighting that have already been implemented around the world and suggests new ways these could be strengthened to prevent light’s labour’s from being lost.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (560 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lights-labours-lost.html
    Language: English
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    Case Studies in Sustainable Development in the Coal Industry (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The goal of sustainable development is to ensure economic growth today without jeopardising economic development, the social well-being and natural environment of future generations. Energy consumption is closely tied to this goal and plays a key role in determining whether is attainable. As oil, gas and coal still heavily dominate world energy supply, fossil fuels – because of their environmental impact – have been challenged to contribute to a cleaner and sustainable energy future. In 2002, the International Energy Agency Coal Industry Advisory Board issued a position paper at the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development that recognised the paramount importance of sustainable development and committed to rally its members to provide evidence of progress towards sustainable development. In this compendium of over fifty case studies, the coal industry demonstrates that practical progress is being made in many areas: communities and people; resource stewardship and environmental impacts; management processes and systems; and along the value chain, in co-operation with customers and suppliers. This publication illustrates that many of the commercial objectives of the coal industry – cost effective achievement of environmental standards, technology research and development, technology transfer and collaboration along the value chain – are also issues that governments can approach positively, in consultation with industry, so that coal is able to have a long-term role in sustainable development.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (97 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/case-studies-in-sustainable-development-in-the-coal-industry.html
    Language: English
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    World Energy Outlook 2006 (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This publication examines global energy trends and sets out projections for supply and demand of oil, gas, coal and power sectors. It then goes on to present an alternative policy scenario which considers the energy challenges we need to address to secure a sustainable energy future, identifies priority areas for action and key instruments, and measures both the costs and cost-effectiveness of alternative policies. Other issues discussed include: the impact of higher energy prices, current trends in oil and gas investment, the prospects for nuclear power, the outlook for biofuels, energy for cooking in developing countries, and an in-depth study of the energy sector in Brazil.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (596 Seiten)
    Edition: 2nd ed.
    ISBN: 9264109897
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2006.pdf
    Language: English
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    Can Energy-Efficient Electrical Appliances be considered "Environmental Goods"? (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This chapter considers electrical appliances for home and office, which are produced and consumed in large and increasing numbers in industrialised and, increasingly, in developing economies.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (53 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/can-energy-efficient-electrical-appliances-be-considered-environmental-goods.html
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    Lights Labour's Lost (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: When the incandescent lamp was first commercialised the main mode of transport was the horse, trains were powered by steam, balloons were the only means of flight and the telegraph was the state of the art for long-distance communication. Much has changed in the intervening 127 years, but much has also remained the same. In 1879 the incandescent lamp set a new standard in energy-efficient lighting technology, but today good-quality compact fluorescent lamps need only onequarter of the power to provide the same amount of light. Yet most of us continue to rely on the “horse” of the incandescent lamp instead of the “internal combustion engine” of the compact fluorescent lamp. Nor is this the only way in which lighting energy is being wasted. We illuminate rooms when we’re not there, we over-light spaces, we squander available daylight and we underutilise the most efficient street lighting and non-residential building lighting technologies. This might not matter were it not for the severe challenges we face in securing a clean, sustainable and affordable energy system. Electricity generation is the main source of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions and lighting uses one-fifth of its output. Despite having many higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternatives, we continue to use less efficient and more expensive lighting technologies. Is this because we are inherently attached to these older technologies, or is it simply because we stick to what we know when unaware or unsure of the merits of the alternatives? In each of the main lighting end-use sectors (commercial buildings, households, industrial lighting, outdoor lighting and vehicle lighting), this book shows that not only do more cost-effective and higherefficiency alternative choices exist, but that they could be deployed very quickly were the current market barriers to be addressed. Doing this would allow our economies to be stronger and cleaner without sacrificing anything in our quality of life. Moreover, the policies that can bring about this change have been tested and found to work. What is needed is more comprehensive and vigorous implementation in each economy and lighting sector. This book shows us why and how we should do so.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (561 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/lights-labours-lost-1.html
    Language: English
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    Optimising Russian Natural Gas (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The world’s largest gas producer and exporter, Russia has an enormous energy saving potential. At least 30 billion cubic meters – a fifth of Russian exports to European OECD countries - could be saved every year by enhanced technology or energy efficiency. As the era of cheap gas in Russia comes to an end, this potential saving is increasingly important for Russians and importing countries. And as domestic gas prices increase, efficiency investments will become increasingly economic – not to mention the incentive for Gazprom to enhance its efficiency against a backdrop of high European gas prices. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy analyses and estimates the potential savings and the associated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions in the oil extraction (flaring), gas transmission and distribution sectors. Achieving these savings will require linking long-standing energy efficiency goals with energy sector reforms, as well as climate policy objectives. The book also describes Russia’s emerging climate policy and institutional framework, including work still ahead before the country is eligible for the Kyoto Protocol’s flexibility mechanisms and can attract financing for greenhouse gas reductions. Optimising Russian Natural Gas: Reform and Climate Policy stresses the need for Russia to tap the full potential of energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions through a more competitive environment in the gas sector to attract timely investments.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (204 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/optimising-russian-natural-gas.html
    Language: English
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    New Commitment Options : Compatibility with Emissions Trading (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: The ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent views of the OECD, the IEA, or their member countries, or the endorsement of any approach described herein.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (25 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/new-commitment-options---compatibility-with-emissions-trading.html
    Language: English
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    Issues Related to a Programme of Activities under the CDM (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
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    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: CDM
    Pages: Online-Ressource (26 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/issues-related-to-a-programme-of-activities-under-the-cdm.html
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    Sectoral Approaches to GHG Mitigation : Scenarios for Integration (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This paper offers a preliminary analysis of several scenarios for integration of sectoral approaches in international and national climate policy. We consider four broad types of sectoral approaches: • A global action, i.e. a unilateral move by industry to foster GHG improvements • A global agreement between industry and Parties to the UNFCCC • A series of national policies targeting a sector, with some intergovernmental co-ordination • A sectoral crediting mechanism whereby reductions recorded at a sector level may be eligible for emission credits
    Pages: Online-Ressource (77 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-approaches-to-ghg-mitigation-scenarios-for-integration.html
    Language: English
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    Certainty versus Ambition (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: A key issue for policy makers is how to choose a climate change policy that recognises the uncertainties in the costs and benefits of abatement actions. This paper reviews the economic literature relative to the choice of the economic instruments that could be used to mitigate climate change. Because climate change is driven by the slow build-up of atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, flexible instruments would be more economically efficient than fixed quotas. They may help engage a broader set of countries into a common framework for mitigating climate change, and may facilitate the adoption of relatively more ambitious policies. The certainty of achieving at least some precise levels of emissions would decrease, but the probability of bettering these levels would increase.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (0 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/certainty-versus-ambition.html
    Language: English
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    Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation : Institutional and Operational Issues (2006)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: Sectoral Crediting Mechanisms for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation: Institutional and Operational Issues
    Pages: Online-Ressource (35 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/sectoral-crediting-mechanisms-for-greenhouse-gas-mitigation-institutional-and-o.html
    Language: English
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    Chemistry for the Protection of the Environment 4 (2005)
    Boston, MA : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environmental sciences ; Waste disposal ; Water pollution
    ISBN: 9780387274485
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/b139088
    Language: English
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  • 76
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    Handbook of Environmental Economics, Volume 2 : Valuing Environmental Changes (2005)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details
    Pages: Online-Ressource (517-1103, I1-I28 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444511454
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444511454
    Language: English
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  • 77
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    World Energy Outlook 2005 : Middle East North Africa Insights (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This year's edition of this key source for global energy statistics, projections and analysis focuses on trends and developments in the major oil and gas producing countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, in order to assess whether energy production from this region will increase sufficiently to satisfy global demand. In addition to providing updated projections of world energy demand and supply to 2030, the publication analyses regional trends for oil, natural gas, electricity and water desalination with dedicated chapters on Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. It also includes a 'deferred investment scenario' setting out an analysis of how global energy markets might evolve in a changed investment situation; an in-depth analysis of the global refining industry; and a review of the MENA power and water desalination sectors.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (629 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9264109498
    URL: http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/media/weowebsite/2008-1994/WEO2005.pdf
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Environmental Economics, Volume 3 : Economywide and International Environmental Issues (2005)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Details
    Pages: Online-Ressource (1105-1618, I1-I26 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9780444511461
    URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780444511461
    Language: English
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    Saving Oil in a Hurry (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: During 2004, oil prices reached levels unprecedented in recent years. Though world oil markets remain adequately supplied, high oil prices do reflect increasingly uncertain conditions. Many IEA member countries and nonmember countries alike are concerned about oil costs and oil security and are looking for ways to improve their capability to handle market volatility and possible supply disruptions in the future. This book aims to provide assistance.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/saving-oil-in-a-hurry.html
    Language: English
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    Saving Electricity in a Hurry (2005)
    Paris : OECD/IEA
    Details
    Keywords: energy ; energy economics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book describes why temporary shortages of electricity supplies occur even in the wealthiest countries with the most sophisticated electricity networks. Most shortages are local and minor and easily addressed. But, in other cases, the shortages persist for days, weeks, or even years and involve millions of people, and this is the target of this book. The reasons for these shortages are incredibly diverse: from forest fires to safety problems at power stations, from problems in electricity market liberalisation to heat or cold waves. These events can happen anywhere – and they do! The results are blackouts, brownouts and other curtailments on electricity consumption.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (168 Seiten)
    URL: http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/saving-electricity-in-a-hurry-2005.html
    Language: English
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