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  • Articles  (160)
  • Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology  (147)
  • Sociology  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Argument against Arguments for Enhancement (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: The treatment-enhancement distinction is difficult to make, and defenders of enhancement often base their case on that. Critics of enhancement, however, often have prototypical cases of enhancement-oriented interventions in mind, and the ethics of these can be evaluated on a case by case basis. Things like intelligence enhancement may have adverse effects on equality and utility. If the equality and utility effects of such enhancements were sufficiently severe, then restrictions would be called for. We need to think more about how to make tradeoffs between liberty, equality, and utility--and we need to know more about the extent to which each of these is at stake--before reaching conclusions about the ethics of, and appropriate social policy regarding, human enhancement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art12
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  • 2
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    Preserving Humanity - and Technology? A Response to de Grey (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Aubrey de Grey's enthusiasm may or may not be infectious, but it is certainly palpable. And it adds a dimension to the discussion the priority that should be given to life-extension/anti-ageing research of which he seems to be unaware. For on the cusp of developments in emerging technologies we find ourselves button-holed by enthusiasts whose ``transhumanist" visions importunately press upon us the most radical understanding of their implications. My suspicion is that the transhumanist mini-insurgency is partly responsible for the general failure of the policy establishment to summon up the courage and vision to address the implications of emerging technologies at all. The insurgents' effort at ``branding" these technologies as transhumanist (like that of the Raelian flying-saucer cult, a decade ago, to claim cloning as their own) does no favors to the technology. The irony is that de Grey and his fellow-visionaries, far from generating consensus enthusiasm for emerging technology applications, are making them too hot to handle.
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    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art11
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  • 3
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    Genetic Enhancement and Procreative Autonomy (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Liberal eugenics according to one version is distinguished from authoritarian eugenics on the basis that the choice of enhancement is devolved to parents. The argument for liberal eugenics combines a commitment to the right of parents to autonomy - in reproductive decisions and in the upbringing of children - and a parity claim that there is no morally significant difference between ante-natal and post-natal alterations of a child. The article reviews the putative constraints on parental choice, and assesses some criticisms of the parity claim. It concludes that a liberal commitment to social justice is in tension with a liberal commitment to parental choice, but judges that the former commitment does not entail the authoritarian eugenics which is represented as the alternative to liberal eugenics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art9
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  • 4
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    In Support of Human Enhancement (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art10 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This short comment presents arguments in support of human enhancement.What is enhancement? Surely it is a procedure that improves our functioning: any intervention which increases our general capabilities for human flourishing. We exclude from consideration those procedures often termed ``enhancements" that are of dubious overall benefit (for example breast or penis augmentation, or the taking of anabolic steroids to increase muscle mass). Equally we are not talking of ``designer" modifications which are more akin to aesthetic or fashion preferences than to improvements: hair colour, eye colour, or physique. An enhancement (as we are using the term) is something of benefit to the individual.
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  • 5
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    Generous Funding for Interventive Aging Research Now? (2008)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2008, 1, art13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This article examines Aubrey de Grey's case for allocating substantial funding to interventive biogerontological research immediately. The conclusion is that the case is inconclusive and that scientific analyses of costs and probabilities would be needed to defend it properly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/selt/vol1/iss1/art13
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  • 6
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    Transient Behavior Analysis of Induction Generator at Three-Phase Fault Condition (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art1 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In recent years, renewable energy generation has been coming up for effective use of natural energy, such as wind energy. Induction generators consisting squirrel-cage rotors are widely used as wind generators because of their salient features like robust rotor design, simplicity in the construction, maintenance free operation, etc. In this paper, it is derived that the transient current, electromechanical torque, and active power taking into account rotor speed change of induction generators at three-phase fault conditions. The output equations of the induction generator has nonlinearity, and the speed-time characteristic in a fault period is also expressed by the nonlinear equation. The approximation to derive analytical formulas for transient conditions is proposed, and the transient behavior of the induction generator is analyzed by the developed equations. The simulation block diagram in MATLAB/SIMULINK is constituted using the system equation in consideration of the nonlinearity of the induction generator. The simulation results obtained from each theoretical analysis are in close agreement with that of results obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK simulation. Furthermore, theoretical discussion also developed to determine the fault phase angle and the time at which maximum transient currents flow in the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss2/art1
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  • 7
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    Electric Load Management Using Electricity Tariff Algorithm (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The tariff is the best incentive factor for the industrial customer today to reduce the peak load. This paper describes different methods of pricing electricity. It is important to study the influence of the tariff on the industrial loads and the costs of electricity before ILM can be implemented. This paper is interested in studying the economic aspects of fixed and operating cost, other factors affecting the generation economy, distribution of power, etc. Costs of supplying electricity to consumers are also considered. A utility can influence its customers' load by providing financial incentives through the prices charged for electricity at different times of use. By designing discriminatory time of use tariffs in which the prices of electricity corresponds to the marginal cost of supply, a utility provides appropriate signals to the customer to increase consumption of electricity at off peak periods. The proposed algorithm is implemented to a real system in operation.
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    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss5/art3
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  • 8
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    Neuro-Wavelet Approach to Time-Series Signals Prediction: An Example of Electricity Load and Pool-Price Data (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Accurate electricity load and pool-price forecasting can provide a set of vital predicted information that helps generation, transmission and retailer participating companies to bid strategically into a deregulated electricity market in order to maximize their profits and increase returns to their stakeholders. Although a number of forecasting methods have been proposed to solve the short-term and long-term electricity load forecast, pool-price forecasting is a relatively new research area. In this article, we propose an autoregressive approach, based on a wavelet multiscale decomposition, for the prediction of one-hour ahead load and pool price based respectively on historical electricity load, and pool-price data. This approach is based on a multiple resolution decomposition of the signal using the redundant Haar à trous wavelet transform whose advantage is taking into account the asymmetric nature of the time-varying data. There is an additional computational advantage in that there is no need to re-compute the wavelet transform (wavelet coefficients) of the full signal if the electricity and pool price data (time series) is regularly updated. We assess results produced by this multiscale autoregressive method, in both linear and nonlinear variants, with single resolution autoregressive, multilayer perceptron, Elman recurrent neural network and the general regression neural network models. The input data consists of historical load and pool price data, which is collected over a period of 3 years (1999-2001), used for training, and 1 year (2002) used for testing. Experimental results are based on the New South Wales (Australia) electricity load and pool price data that is provided by the National Electricity Market Management Company.
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    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss2/art5
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  • 9
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    Application of Trajectory Sensitivity for the Evaluation of the Effect of TCSC Placement on Transient Stability (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper investigates the use of trajectory sensitivity analysis (TSA) technique for assessing the transient stability of a power system at various operating conditions. The effect of placement of a thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) as well as the influence of the change in firing angle is also discussed. The TCSC is modeled by a variable capacitor, the value of which changes with the firing angle. The systems studied are the WSCC 3-machine, 9-bus system and IEEE 16 machine 68 bus system. The results using TSA are validated by PSCAD/EMTDC simulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss1/art4
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  • 10
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    Distributed Generation Capacity Evaluation Using Combined Genetic Algorithm and OPF (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A range of techniques has been proposed to define the optimal locations and capacities of distributed generation (DG) as a means of ensuring that the maximum amount of DG can be connected to existing and future networks. However, there are limitations inherent in these methods, not least in finding the best combination of sites for connecting a predefined number of DGs. Here, a method combining optimal power flow and genetic algorithms aims to meet this requirement. Its use would be in enabling Distribution Network Operators to search a network for the best sites and capacities available to strategically connect a defined number of DGs among a large number of potential combinations. Some applications of the proposed methodology confirmed its effectiveness in sitting and sizing an assigned number of DG units.
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  • 11
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    Intelligent Approach for Fault Diagnosis in Power Transmission Systems Using Support Vector Machines (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an approach for identifying the faulted line section and fault location on transmission systems using support vector machines (SVMs) for diagnosis/post-fault analysis purpose. Power system disturbances are often caused by faults on transmission lines. When fault occurs on a transmission system, the protective relay detects the fault and initiates the tripping operation, which isolates the affected part from the rest of the power system. Based on the fault section identified, rapid and corrective restoration procedures can thus be taken to minimize the power interruption and limit the impact of outage on the system. The approach is particularly important for post-fault diagnosis of any mal-operation of relays following a disturbance in the neighboring line connected to the same substation. This may help in improving the fault monitoring/diagnosis process, thus assuring secure operation of the power systems. In this paper we compare SVMs with radial basis function neural networks (RBFNN) in data sets corresponding to different faults on a transmission system. Classification and regression accuracy is reported for both strategies. Studies on a practical 24-Bus equivalent EHV transmission system of the Indian Southern region is presented for indicating the improved generalization with the large margin classifiers in enhancing the efficacy of the chosen model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss4/art3
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  • 12
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    A Hybrid Decision Tree Model for Fast Voltage Contingency Screening and Ranking (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art7 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a new decision tree (DT) based approach for fast voltage contingency screening and ranking for on-line applications in energy management systems. The hybrid decision tree model is developed to learn all the selected contingencies simultaneously, therefore fewer DTs are required. To reduce the size and improve the accuracy of the decision tree, the K-class problem is converted into the set of K two-class problems, and separate decision tree modules are trained for each of the two class problems. All the selected contingencies are presented to the filter module, which is trained to separate them in critical and non-critical contingency classes, which reduces the burden on ranking modular DT. The critical contingencies screened out by the filter module are presented to the ranking modular decision tree for their further ranking. To measure the severity of contingencies, bus voltage violation based scalar performance index is used. Full AC load flow is performed to generate the training and testing patterns for the proposed hybrid decision tree, under each contingency. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is tested on IEEE test systems. Once trained, a hybrid decision tree method gives fast and accurate screening and ranking of contingencies for unknown load patterns.
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  • 13
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    A Novel Load Compensation Algorithm under Unbalanced and Distorted Supply Voltages (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art1 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a novel control algorithm is proposed to compensate the unbalanced and non-linear loads in a three-phase four-wire system using active power filters. The algorithm results in balanced and sinusoidal source currents under unbalanced and distorted three-phase supply voltages. The algorithm makes use of the positive sequence extraction of the supply voltage and the theory of instantaneous symmetrical components. To illustrate the concept, a three-phase four-wire system with unbalanced and non-linear load is considered for compensation. The detailed simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss5/art1
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  • 14
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    Identification of External Power System Linear Dynamic Equivalents as MIMO Feedback Blocks for the Study System (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art6 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The necessity of dynamic equivalents for power system analysis has been well known since the expansion of large interconnected power networks, and has been discussed during the last decades. The present paper proposes a new method for constructing dynamic equivalents of power systems. In this method, at the first step the ``study system" is modeled completely via a single machine-infinite bus modeling procedure. Then the ``external system" is identified as a MIMO feedback block of this model in such a manner that can include dynamic effects of the latter on the behavior of the former. The method is successfully experimented on a part of the Iranian southern network.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
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    Synchronous Generators Modeling and Control Using the Framework of Individual Channel Analysis and Design: Part 1 (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art4 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper a comprehensive dynamical assessment of a high order synchronous generator plant is carried out using the Individual Channel Analysis and Design (ICAD) framework -a multivariable control engineering tool that allows robustness and system performance evaluations. The great benefits of ICAD are elucidated and contrasted to those provided by the long-time honored block diagram representations. Several models used for the small signal stability analysis of synchronous generators are evaluated under the framework of ICAD. The study, which builds on pioneering work, reveals the great advantages of carrying out control system analysis and design with higher order generator models. Moreover, careful analysis of the ICAD's Multivariable Structure Function (MSF) helps to explain, formally, why some operating conditions of the control system are more critical than others. Furthermore, correct interpretations of MSFs are amenable to robust and stable control system designs. Two kinds of studies are considered in the paper; one assesses operation under various power factor conditions and the other under a varying tie-line reactance. The control system design and stability and structural robustness assessment of the system are presented in the second part of this paper. Moreover, results obtained under the ICAD framework are compared with those arising from conventional controllers.
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  • 16
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    Model of Noise Source for HF Interference Calculation in a Converter Station (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 6, art3 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: For high-frequency (HF) interference in an HVDC converter station, the modeling of the noise source which causes interference with the power line carrier (PLC) remains a problem. Based on the profound analysis of the basic principles on which HF noise in PLC band is produced during the commutation process, the equivalent model of the HVDC valve with a snubber circuit is applied to the simulation of the GUI-GUANG HVDC project in PSCAD/EMTDC. Then spectrum plots of the noise source in the frequency domain are obtained by FFT analysis of the voltage waveforms gained from the simulation. Through analyzing the spectrum characteristics of the noise source in various operating modes, the main factors influencing the level of HF noise are found. Furthermore, a modified empirical model used to calculate the level of the noise source is introduced, with particular explanation of the physical quantities used in the model. The spectra of the noise source gained from the modified empirical model and from the simulation are compared with an actual spectrum based on the GUI-GUANG HVDC project. The results show that the modified empirical model can meet the requirement of HF interference calculation.
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    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol8/iss6/art3
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  • 17
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    Should We 'Cure' Aging? A Reply to de Grey (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art7 
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    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This is a reply to the discussion piece Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations, Studies in Ethics, Law, and Technology by Audrey de Grey. Having read the article there seem to be four messages. The first being, that longevity/immortality research faces rejection, resistance and neglect from `classic anti-aging' researchers, policy makers, the funding system and the public. The second being that the `pro-aging' trance is illogical; the third being that not pushing for longevity and immortality research is immoral; and the fourth being that so far no valid reason for opposing longevity and immortality has been generated and that we will deal with potential problems if and when they appear. My message in this invited comment is 1) that de Grey is right with his first point; 2) that his second point is debatable and depends on certain assumptions; 3) that his third point is even on weaker feet and debatable (Morals and ethics are social and cultural constructions and depending on ones frame of reference something can be seen as moral and ethical or not. This is a whole different paper as to who decides which morals and ethics are right and wrong and can't be covered here.) and 4) that the longevity and immortality research exhibits the same discourse problems as the other new and emerging technology discourses, namely that its makes light of potential and real social risks that it tailors to a minority of the world and ignores the marginalized majority of the world.
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  • 18
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    Social Perspectives and Genetic Enhancement: Whose Perspective? Whose Choice? (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art3 
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    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: This paper's account of the core issues at stake in relation to genetic enhancement is presented as an alternative to mainstream liberal defenses of enhancement. The mainstream arguments are identified as being associated with reproductive autonomy, individual choice, and a `neutral', passive interpretation of technology. The alternative account is associated with the perspective of `woman' or child-bearer, with a fundamental concern for social justice, and an understanding of society in both a global and a contextual sense. This paper adopts a theoretical framework informed by feminist ethics, particularly a feminist ethic of care. The paper begins by outlining some of the key points of the care perspective, highlighting how this contrasts with a mainstream `justice' perspective, and illustrating how this is reflected in arguments relating to genetic enhancement. The paper then turns to a consideration of how a care perspective might be applied to questions of genetic enhancement, and how this may bring forward new issues. This includes in particular a consideration of IVF technologies and how applying understandings from research into this area brings forward usually unaddressed concerns in considering genetic enhancement. The final section of the paper covers some of the questions that there is space to ask once the narrow focus on individual rights is overcome.
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  • 19
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    Dynamic Economic Emission Dispatch Using Evolutionary Programming and Fuzzy Satisfying Method (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art1 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Dynamic economic emission dispatch is an extension of the conventional economic emission dispatch problem that takes into consideration the ramp rate limits of the generators. Evolutionary programming based fuzzy satisfying method has been proposed to determine the optimal noninferior generation schedule. This paper treats economy and emission as competing objectives for optimal dispatch, which requires some form of conflict resolution to arrive at a solution. The multi-objective problem is configured as a minimax problem under the assumption that the decision-maker has fuzzy goals for each of the objective functions. The present algorithm employs evolutionary programming technique in solving this problem. The solution methodology can offer a global or near-global noninferior solution for the decision-maker. Numerical results of a sample test system have been presented to demonstrate the performance and applicability of the proposed method. Results obtained from the proposed method are compared to those obtained by fuzzy satisfying method based on simulated annealing technique.
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  • 20
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    Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machines: An Emerging Technology (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art1 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Brushless doubly-fed machines (BDFMs) allow the use of a partially rated inverter and therefore offer reliable, maintenance-free operation at low cost, especially in large power variable speed applications with limited speed ranges such as off-shore wind turbines, pumps etc. However, with a special cage rotor design, the machine has substantial rotor losses, poor efficiency and complicated control being difficult to implement.The BDFM reluctance type, the brushless doubly-fed reluctance machine (BDFRM), can overcome most of the above BDFM deficiencies while retaining all its merits. It has a "cold" reluctance rotor, which makes it more efficient and much easier to model/control than the BDFM.A theoretical study of the BDFRM is very important to gain proper understanding of its unusual operation, the main control features and compromises between optimal performance and the size of the inverter and machine required. This paper will attempt to develop, and provide a comprehensive comparative analysis of, different control strategies for the machine that are suitable for digital implementation.
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  • 21
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    Time-Frequency Spectrum Analysis of Very Fast Transient Currents (VFTC) Generated in a GIS (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art4 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Very Fast Transient Overvoltages (VFTO) and the associated Very Fast Transient Currents (VFTC) generated during switching operations in a Gas Insulated Substation (GIS) couple conductively and inductively to the secondary equipment connected to the GIS. The frequency spectrum of the VFTC gives the dominant frequencies present but cannot provide the time varying current amplitude w.r.t. any particular frequency. Since the transient response of the control circuits is a function of the frequency content of the VFTC, it becomes necessary to segregate the VFTC waveform both in time and frequency scale simultaneously. This has been achieved by employing the GABOR wavelet function and the time-frequency spectrum of the VFTC waveform has been calculated at various locations for a 245 kV GIS during a switching event. The validity of the wavelet model is confirmed by reconstructing the VFTC signal at the GIS-cable termination as well as at the switching point using the time varying current waveforms obtained for different frequencies. Finally, the transient current vs frequency as well as the current vs distance charts are developed for the 245 kV GIS under study during various switching operations.
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  • 22
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    A Novel Modulated Power Filter Compensator for Distribution Networks with Distributed Wind Energy (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: During the last two decades, renewable wind energy has become increasingly popular as a consequence of strong ecological concerns and appealing advantages with regard to economical energy solutions in remote communities. Furthermore, with very large wind farms emerging, the dispersed renewable wind energy is required to be fully connected to the electrical distribution networks. However, the integration of dispersed renewable wind energy will pose a great challenge to the power quality in the distribution networks when the weak nature of the grid in remote areas and the uncertainty of wind are taken into consideration.This paper presents a novel Modulated Power Filter Compensator (MPFC) for the distribution networks with dispersed renewable wind energy interfaced. A tri-loop error driven controller is used to adjust the PWM switching of the modulated power filter compensator. Full power factor correction and power quality improvement is validated under different operation conditions, like load switching and wind velocity excursions. The MPFC device is a member of novel FACTS based compensators developed by the first author.
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    A Test on Probabilistic Reliability Evaluation of the Korea Power System (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The importance and conduct of necessary studies on grid reliability evaluation have become increasingly important in recent years due to the number of blackout events occurring throughout the world. Additionally, quantitative evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important in a competitive electricity environment. The reason is that successful operation of an electric power under a deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management. This paper suggests that the important input parameters of a probabilistic reliability evaluation tool for the KEPCO-system by sensitivity analysis of high reliability level operation. Simultaneously, it also presents sensitivity analysis probabilistic reliability evaluation of practical KEPCO-system long-term transmission system expansion planning (2006-2010). The tool utilized a Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems (TRELSS) which was developed by EPRI and Southern Company Services Inc.
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    Modeling of Electric Power Supply Chain Networks with Fuel Suppliers via Variational Inequalities (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The electric power industry in the United States and in other countries is undergoing profound regulatory and operational changes. The underlying rationale behind these transformations is to move once highly monopolized vertically-integrated industry from a centralized operation approach to a competitive one. The emerging competitive markets and an increase in the number of market participants have, in turn, fundamentally changed not only electricity trading patterns but also the structure of the electric power supply chains. This new framework requires new mathematical and engineering models and associated algorithmic tools. Moreover, the availability of fuels for electric power generation is a topic of both economic importance and national security. This paper uses the model developed by Nagurney and Matsypura (2004, 2006) as the foundation for the introduction of explicit fuel suppliers, in the case of nonrenewable and/or renewable fuels, and their optimizing behavior, into a general electric power supply chain network model along with "direct-supply" generation. We derive the optimality conditions for the various decision-makers, including fuel suppliers, power generators, suppliers, as well as the transmission service providers and the consumers at the demand markets. We establish that the governing equilibrium conditions satisfy a finite-dimensional variational inequality problem. We provide qualitative properties of the equilibrium flow pattern; in particular, existence of a solution and uniqueness under suitable assumptions. Finally, we discuss how the equilibrium fuel supply and electric power flow pattern can be computed.
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    Probabilistic Index for Increasing Hourly Transmission Line Ratings (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The steady state thermal rating of overhead transmission lines is limited by the conductor`s maximum design temperature, which is related to the maximum sag and the loss of tensile strength of the conductors. Traditionally, this overhead transmission lines rating is computed using a deterministic approach, with reference to severe weather conditions. Thus, the application of this method leads to conservative results resulting in under-utilization of conductors. In this paper, a new method based on an hourly probabilistic index is proposed to predict the line thermal rating for each hour of the day; this index is evaluated using the conductor current limit probability density function (pdf). The method uses Bayesian time series models for the weather parameters (ambient temperature, wind speed and wind direction) and calculates the conductor current limit pdf using a Monte Carlo simulation. The probabilistic index is applied by considering measured weather data of both hot and cold seasons; the corresponding lines ratings are reported and analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Liberal Freedoms: Enhancement Is/nt Eugenics? (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Genomics and the technologies arising out of the science are often heralded as a means of securing cures for diseases which have proved resistant to the progress of medicine. These, generally hereditary diseases, with advances in genomic science are becoming more understood, but as of yet the possibilities of effective cures, whether through for example somatic or germ-line gene therapy, remain elusive. This has not stopped despite speculation and debate on potential future applications such as the use of genetic technologies in enhancing humans. Curative applications and enhancement applications are inextricably linked however both through the social contexts in which these technologies are to be deployed and the discourses which inform and frame the debates on their use. This article seeks to explore these links and in doing so aims to investigate some of the wider dimensions of the enhancement debate.
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    Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: The pace of a given strand of scientific research, whether purely curiosity-driven or motivated by a particular technological goal, is strongly influenced by public attitudes towards its value. In the case of research directed to the radical postponement of aging and the consequent extension of healthy and total lifespans, public opinion is entrenched in a "pro-aging trance" - a state of resolute irrationality. This arises from the entirely rational attitude to a grisly, inevitable and relatively far-off fate: putting it out of one's mind allows one to make the most of what time one has, free of preoccupation with one's demise, and it is immaterial how irrational the arguments that one uses to achieve this are, e.g. by persuading oneself that aging is not such a bad thing after all. As biotechnology increasingly nears the point where aging will no longer be inevitable, however, this studied fatalism has become a core part of the problem, making people reluctant to join the crusade to hasten that technology's arrival. An effective way to address this hesitation is to promote debate about the reasons people give for fearing the defeat of aging, most of which are sociological. Such debate exposes people to the glaring flaws in their own logic. Thus, the more the debate is sustained and promoted, the harder it is for those flaws to be ignored.
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    Medical Nanorobotics: Breaking the Trance of Futility in Life Extension Research (A Reply to de Grey) (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Biogerontologist Aubrey de Grey has suggested that one of the reasons we as a society invest so little in research on combating aging is because we are in an intellectual trance. We think the effort will be futile: aging is immutable, so why try? A healthy skepticism can be a good thing but it is a major mistake to bet against the irresistible force of inexorable technological progress. Over the next few decades, nanotechnology will come to play a pivotal role in the solution to the problem of human aging. Medical nanorobotics, if it can be made to work, can unquestionably offer convenient solutions to all known causes of age-related damage and most likely can also successfully address any new causes of senescence that remain undiscovered today.
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    DSP Based Implementation of Hybrid Fuzzy PI Speed Controller for Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) based implementation of Hybrid of Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC) and Proportional-Integral (PI) speed controller for Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive. The fuzzy membership function is used for hybrid control of these two FLC and PI speed controllers in such a way that at the time of dynamic conditions such as starting, the degree of belonging for FLC speed controller is higher than the PI speed controller and near set point the degree of belonging of PI controller is having higher weightage. The simulation model of the drive system is developed in MATLAB environment with simulink, PSB and FLC toolboxes to analyze the performance of the PMSM drive system. This hybrid speed controller is found suitable for DTC based PMSM drive to maintain the high level of performance while maintaining the excellent response at the time of starting, speed reversal, load perturbation and steady-state operating condition of the drive.
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    Radial System Reconfiguration to Minimize Operating Costs in Markets (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The operating cost of a radial distribution system may be minimized by reducing the amount of real power and reactive power drawn from the transmission system. Presently, real power is being priced through a market clearing scheme all over North America. Reactive power is an ancillary service and its supply would be priced appropriately in the near future through a clearing market structure. A recent US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission staff report [1] has initiated a discussion on the formulation of a reactive power market. When such a market is designed and operated, large customers (distribution corporations) will have to purchase reactive power along with real power from the transmission corporation through an independent system operator. Envisaging such a prospect, this paper proposes a new method of reconfiguring radial systems considering costs of real and reactive power while maintaining an appropriate voltage profile and level of reliable power supply. The proposed method is tested on sample test systems and reported.
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    Multi-Agent Models for Consumer Choice and Retailer Strategies in the Competitive Electricity Market (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The benefit to end-users of electricity, mainly in terms of low prices, is strictly related to the interaction among the consumers themselves and retailers. The literature on retail competition has highlighted possible distortions in market outcomes due to unresponsive demand and boundedly rational consumers. Hence, a model appropriate to represent this aspect of the market is needed. The paper proposes a general model of the interaction among retailers and consumers in the electricity market based on the theory of multi-agent systems. The model incorporates different assumptions concerning the behavior of the players that corresponds to different levels of interaction in determining the market outcomes. The model is validated interpretively by the results provided in terms of Game Theory equilibrium. The results of an extensive set of simulations on a population of 1,000 consumers is presented and discussed.
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    Distributed Generation Communications Utilizing a Real-time FPGA-based Channel Simulator in the ISM Frequency Band (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Deregulation of the power industry, increases in consumer demand of electricity and mandates to reduce greenhouse gases has significantly heightened the interest in distributed generation (DG). Typical DG sources include wind turbines, fuel cells, micro gas/diesel turbines, small hydro generators and photovoltaics. Currently most of these generation sources are optimized for local operation and thus the potential of DG that is both dispatchable and cost-effective has yet to be fully realized. One key technical challenge is the development of low-cost communications for remote telemetry and control of individual DG sources. Along with cost, other key communication system requirements are modularity, range and reliability. This paper presents a distributed generation communication system (DGCS) that is based on a wide area network (WAN) and local area network (LAN) topology and utilizes two variants of low-cost radio modems (RM) to satisfy the desired connectivity between the DG sites and a centralized control center. For the LAN, low-cost RMs operating in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band offers point-to-multipoint scalability to multiple DG sites within a limited range. Integration of the ISM RMs with a cellular RM provides connectivity to a WAN or Internet thus providing long-range access to DG sites from any facility that has internet-access. Given the LAN scalability requirement, an ISM field programmable gate array (FPGA) channel simulator was developed to assess DGCS performance using channel impairments such as free-space path loss, multipath reflections, additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), multiple access interference, and narrowband interference. This study provides the evaluation of two commercially available ISM radio modems and recommendations are made based on LAN requirements such as cost and performance given difficult channel conditions.
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    Security Constrained Stochastic Multi-objective Optimal Power Dispatch (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A stochastic multi-objective line security constrained problem is formulated to minimize non-commensurable objectives viz. operating cost, polluting gaseous emission and variance of active power generation and reactive power generation, with explicit recognition of statistical uncertainties in the thermal power generation cost coefficients, gaseous emission coefficients, power demands and hence power generations and bus voltages, which are considered random variables. Specific technique is put forth to convert the stochastic models into their respective deterministic equivalents. Fuzzy set theory has been exploited to evaluate the different objectives that are quantified by defining their membership functions. Security of transmission lines with respect to expected active power flow is considered in the form of fuzzy objective function. The solution set of such formulated problems is non-inferior due to contradictions among the objectives undertaken. The weighting method is used to simulate the trade-off relationship between the conflicting objectives in the non-inferior domain. Generally, the weights are either simulated or searched in the non-inferior domain. In the paper Evolutionary search technique is implemented to search the 'preferred' weightage pattern in the non-inferior domain, which corresponds to the 'best' compromised solution. Among the non-inferior solutions, the system operator selects the 'preferred' optimal operating point that provides maximum satisfaction level of the most under achieved objective in terms of membership function and is termed as fitness function. The validity of the proposed method has been demonstrated on an IEEE system comprising of 11-nodes, 17-lines and 5-generators.
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    The Vulnerability Analysis of Transmission System Based on the Performance of Mho Relay and SVC (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 1, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The security of the transmission system is dependent on the relays' performance after various disturbances. Undesirable relay operation will trip the lines and lead to cascading events. In this paper the operation margin of mho relays is equivalently redefined as function of bus voltages instead of line impedance. The sensitivities of the operation margin to bus voltage and bus power is applied to quantify the vulnerability of transmission system. The contribution of the shunt compensation by SVC is analyzed based on the sensitivities (control factors) of the operation margin to the shunt susceptance. It is found that the control effect of SVC is approximately linear when the mho relay has relative smaller operation margin. In this range the linear model based on the control factors is accurate enough to simulate the control effect. It is also found that the shunt compensations at different locations may yield opposite effect to the operation margin of the mho relays, which can be easily judged by the value of the control factors.
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    Extended Delta Based 15-Phase AC-DC Converter for Variable Frequency Induction Motor Drives (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the design and analysis of a multi-phase ac-dc converter system for harmonic reduction at the point of common coupling (PCC) in vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD's). The design of the proposed 3-phase to 15-phase autotransformer is presented along with the VCIMD. The proposed 15-phase ac-dc converter is found capable of suppressing up to the 29th harmonic in the supply current, along with the power factor improvement close to unity in the wide operating range of the drive. The effect of load variation on VCIMD is also studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ac-dc converter. A set of power quality indices on input ac mains and on dc bus for a VCIMD fed from existing 6-pulse and proposed 15-phase ac-dc converters are also given to compare their performance.
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    Fuzzy Expert Approach with Curtailed Controllers for Improved Reactive Power Dispatch (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper addresses the problem of curtailing the number of control actions using fuzzy expert approach for voltage/reactive power dispatch. It presents an approach using fuzzy set theory for reactive power control with the purpose of improving the voltage profile of a power system. To minimize the voltage deviations from pre-desired values of all the load buses, using the sensitivities with respect to reactive power control variables form the basis of the proposed Fuzzy Logic Control (FLC). Control variables considered are switchable VAR compensators, On Load Tap Changing (OLTC) transformers and generator excitations. Voltage deviations and controlling variables are translated into fuzzy set notations to formulate the relation between voltage deviations and controlling ability of controlling devices. The developed fuzzy system is tested on a few simulated practical Indian power systems and modified IEEE-30 bus system. The performance of the fuzzy system is compared with conventional optimization technique and results obtained are encouraging. Results obtained for a modified IEEE-30 bus test system and a 205-node equivalent EHV system a part of Indian southern grid are presented for illustration purposes. The proposed fuzzy-expert technique is found suitable for on-line applications in energy control centre as the solution is obtained fast with significant speedups with few number of controllers.
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    Damping of Inter-Area Oscillation in Power Systems by Static Var Compensator (SVC) Using PMU-Acquired Remote Bus Voltage Angles (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a novel concept of Static Var Compensator (SVC) damping control using a weighted sum of bus voltage angles of remote generators that are responsible for causing inter-area oscillations in power systems. These remote bus voltage angle signals are acquired through Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). A time domain simulation study on a 39-bus New England multi-machine system is utilized to show that an SVC auxiliary damping control, based on the derivative of these remote bus voltage angles, is superior to the conventionally employed local signals in damping inter-area oscillations. The effect of transmission delay in the acquisition of remote signals is also presented and a simple mechanism to compensate this delay is proposed and validated. The robustness of the delay compensator is finally shown for a wide range of signal transmission delays. The designed SVC controller shows a superior performance in damping the inter-area oscillations despite the signal transmission delays.
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    Decision Tree Based Fault Classification Scheme for Protection of Series Compensated Transmission Lines (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 6, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Series compensation at the midpoint of a transmission line creates problems to conventional protection approaches. A new fault classification technique has been developed for a transmission line with a series capacitor at the midpoint, having different percentages of compensation varying from 25% to 75%. The proposed technique requires three line currents and voltages at each end and computes fundamental phasors of these quantities using a modified version of Full Cycle Discrete Fourier Transform. Using these phasors, the absolute values of three phase impedances are calculated for faulted phase identification. Moreover, the involvement of the ground in the fault is identified using a zero sequence component of the fault current. Using a PSCAD/EMTDC software package, a large test data (28,800) set has been generated with different types of faults and system variables, which includes fault resistances, fault inception angles, fault positions (before and after series capacitor) and variable loading conditions along with wide variations in the source impedances at both ends of a transmission line. The proposed scheme is tested on the said data set and the results are found to be promising. The results indicate that the proposed technique is fast, accurate and robust for a wide variation in system and fault conditions.
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    Vulnerability Assessment of Power Grid Using Graph Topological Indices (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 6, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an assessment of the vulnerability of the power grid to blackout using graph topological indexes. Based on a FERC 715 report and the outage reports, the cascading faults of summer WSCC 1996 are reconstructed, and the graphical property of the grid is compared between two cases: when the blackout triggering lines are removed simulating the actual sequence of cascading outages and when the same number of randomly selected lines are removed. The investigation finds that the critical path lengths of the triggering events of the July and August outages of 1996 WSCC blackout are higher than those of no-outage and arbitrary events. In addition, the small world-ness index for each of the outage triggering events is much smaller than that of normal or any no-outage scenario, indicating that events of shifting a network from small world to a random network would be more likely cascaded to wide area outage.
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    Enhancement in Sport, and Enhancement outside Sport (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Sport is one of the first areas in which enhancement has become commonplace. It is also one of the first areas in which the use of enhancement technologies has been heavily regulated. Some have thus seen sport as a testing ground for arguments about whether to permit enhancement. However, I argue that there are fairness-based objections to enhancement in sport that do not apply as strongly in some other areas of human activity. Thus, I claim that there will often be a stronger case for permitting enhancement outside of sport than for permitting enhancement in sport. I end by considering some methodological implications of this conclusion.
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    Athlete or Guinea Pig? Sports and Enhancement Research (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: Bioethics has paid little attention to the issues raised by health in athletic competition, with the single exception of the use of prohibited performance enhancements. However, in competitive athletics, the treatment and prevention of athletic injury and the development of training programs designed to maximize athletic achievement share many characteristics with medical innovation and clinical research, and should be understood to constitute enhancement research.Athletes should, in at least some circumstances, be viewed as vulnerable research subjects, akin to desperate patients. Competitive athletes are often encouraged to sacrifice long-term health benefits for short-term gains; cultural mythology about sports and high-stakes financial investments at the organizational level in team sports exercise great influence on individual athletes' range of choices. Technological advances in training, equipment, and injury treatment serve to raise the bar in competitive athletics, in turn increasing not only the risks of harm but the level of expectation with regard to performance, injury, and recovery. It is common for athletes to seek, and teams to offer, intensive and innovative training regimens from which data are gathered, thus transforming innovation into research.As technology continues to enhance the prospects for athletic enhancement, it is time for bioethics to take a closer look at the way competitive athletics highlights the troubling questions posed by enhancement research.
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    Virtue Ethics and Prenatal Genetic Enhancement (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    Studies in ethics, law and technology 1.2007, 1, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1941-6008
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Sociology , Technology
    Notes: In this paper I argue that the virtue ethics tradition can enhance the moral discourse on the ethics of prenatal genetic enhancements in distinctive and valuable ways. Virtue ethics prescribes we adopt a much more provisional stance on the issue of the moral permissibility of prenatal genetic enhancements. A stance that places great care on differentiating between the different stakes involved with developing different phenotypes in our children and the different possible means (environmental vs. genetic manipulation) available to parents for pursuing legitimate concerns of parental love and virtue. Key components of the virtue ethics account of morality, such as the Aristotelian account of happiness, love and the doctrine of the mean, provide an adequate basis for rejecting the claim that it is morally impermissible for parents to pursue (safe and effective) prenatal enhancements. Furthermore, there is good reason to believe that a virtue ethics account of morality could actually support the stronger claim that utilising such interventions can (in certain contexts) be morally required.
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    Dispatch Optimisation of Renewable Energy Generation Participating in a Liberalised Electricity Market (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper focuses on dispatching of mixed generation portfolio of renewable energy (RE) and non-RE (firm) units. A genetic algorithm (GA) based rolling window approach is developed for solving economic dispatch (ED) problem. Profit maximisation ED problem is formulated and solved which also considers New Electricity Trading Arrangements for England and Wales (NETA) market features. In this problem, a penalty approach is used in order to consider intermittency problem of RE generation output. A single GA technique is also applied for solving the formulated problem. Of these, GA based rolling window approach achieved promising results for a Generator Company, which holds both renewable and fossil fuel units and participates in the short-term market trading. It is also shown that a Generator Company can get more profit by using the possibility of increase in generation output of RE sources from their forecast positions by combining both RE and non-RE units and participating in a NETA-like market trading. This approach allows to some extent the management of uncertainty problem of RE generation output, which also accounts risk associated with power non-delivery.
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    A Parametric Unit Commitment Method for Revenue Adequacy Assessment (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Unit commitment (UC), originally employed to minimize the generating cost of a vertically integrated utility, has become a basic tool for revenue adequacy evaluation by GENeration COmpanies (GENCOs). The strategic role of UC is apparent in those market environments where GENCOs are asked to internalize all costs and the relevant UC decisions within their day-ahead market bids. In this paper, a parametric UC method is presented to assess the convenience of making energy bids for marginal or nearly marginal generation units. The convenience is gauged by the basis of revenue adequacy that is on each unit's ability to cover all expenses and generate profits. Beside UC choices, the parametric UC procedure provides a market price behavior that would make it profitable to commit a certain unit for generation. A Monte Carlo simulation program is employed to find the probability that actual market prices will fulfill the revenue adequacy requirements. Market prices are handled as random variables with multivariate normal distribution, taking into account the correlation between prices at successive time periods. The parametric UC procedure and the Monte Carlo simulation are carried out by using reasonable data of generation units available to some Italian GENCOs.
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    Resistance to Tracking of EPDM Aged by Gamma Irradiation under AC and DC Voltages (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The present paper reports the results of a study of dielectric ageing of Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) by gamma radiation. EPDM flat specimens were aged under gamma radiation with three different doses. Samples were irradiated in air up to 300 kRad with a dose rate of 51 kRad/h using a 60Co gamma source. The resistance to tracking on applying DC and AC voltage was examined. We found that the DC resistance to tracking is lower than the AC resistance. The tracking resistance under -ve DC voltages are lower than +ve DC values. With the increase in radiation dose, the DC and AC tracking resistances change in a non-linear way. The erosion depth and contact angle affected by radiation have been studied. In addition, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analyses were done, to analyze the morphological changes.
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    Maximum Wind Power Capture by Sensorless Rotor Position and Wind Velocity Estimation from Flux Linkage and Sliding Observer (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In recent developments wind power has been gaining rapid usage as an alternative source of electrical power and there is need to formulate optimized control schemes for power generation. This paper presents a sensorless maximum power point tracking control methodology for a wind power generation system. For the sensorless vector control a sliding mode observer is utilized in the estimation of the rotor speed while the rotor position is estimated based on the flux linkage. The Powell method is introduced to improve the efficiency of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) d-axis current optimization. To ensure robustness of the proposed paradigm to parameter variations, the windmill loss coefficients determining the optimal rotor speed are identified online. Results of simulations confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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    Steady-State and Dynamic Behavior of a Single-Phase Self-Excited Induction Generator Using a Three-Phase Machine (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 3, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the steady-state and transient behavior of a single-phase self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using a three-phase machine with one shunt and one series excitation capacitors for resistive and inductive loads. The generation scheme consists of one three-phase delta connected induction machine and two capacitors - one connected in parallel with one winding and the other in series with a single-phase load. The dynamic model of the system has been developed as a hybrid model considering the stator phase currents in abc reference frame and the rotor currents in stationary d-q axes reference frame as state variables. The simulated and experimental results are presented for different dynamic conditions such as initiation of self-excitation, load perturbation and short-circuit. The simulated results of the steady-state analysis have been compared with the transient and experimental results and a close agreement between them indicates the accuracy and effectiveness of the approach.
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    Expanding an Industrial Load Model for Short-Term Voltage Stability Analysis (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The present work proposes an extended model representing part of a huge aluminum industry load for short-term voltage stability investigations in time domain. The efforts were concentrated in the expansion of the industrial power distribution system model including explicit representation of the main transformers, capacitors, feeders and induction motors. The extended model is validated through a comparison between computer simulation results and the industry/power system utility recordings. A real sequence of events which took place in the Brazilian North Power System in the year of 2002 causing a complete industry breakdown (loss of bulk supply) was considered here for this purpose.
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    Robust Approach for Identification of Bad Data in State Estimation Using SLP Technique (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 4, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes a new approach for solving the state estimation problem. The approach is aimed at producing a robust estimator that rejects bad data, even if they are associated with leverage-point measurements. This is achieved by solving a sequence of Linear Programming (LP) problems. Optimization is carried via a new algorithm which is a combination of ``upper bound optimization technique" and ``an improved algorithm for discrete linear approximation". In this formulation of the LP problem, in addition to the constraints corresponding to the measurement set, constraints corresponding to bounds of state variables are also involved, which enables the LP problem more efficient in rejecting bad data, even if they are associated with leverage-point measurements. Results of the proposed estimator on IEEE 39-bus system and a 24-bus EHV equivalent system of the southern Indian grid are presented for illustrative purpose.
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    A New Linear Fractional Transformation Based Approach to Power System Robustness Analysis (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Large power systems are highly complex systems that defy predictions with any degree of certainty. In this paper, an analytical framework for the assessment of small signal stability under operating uncertainty is presented. A rigorous analysis framework for the description of uncertainty in operating conditions is suggested. Using structured singular value theory and optimization tools, techniques for robust stability analysis of complex power systems are then derived and a method to quantify the effect of parametric uncertainties on the stability of critical inter-area modes is presented. A computationally-efficient method for modeling parametric uncertainty based on linear fractional transformation (LFT) theory is investigated and tested. With this approach, it becomes possible to estimate the effects of variations in the parameters of major transmission resources on the nominal stability of critical inter-area modes.The use of the analysis methods is demonstrated on two systems: i) a two-machine test system, and ii) a two-area, 11-bus, 4-machine test system.
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    Novel Configuration of 60-Pulse Voltage Source Converter for STATCOM Application (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 5, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The proposed voltage source converter is composed of a series double bridge converter with an auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit injects DC voltage via the mid point of the double bridge converter. The injection ratio and frequency are chosen to convert the standard 12-pulse into 60-pulse configuration without PWM or increasing the number of bridges, thus the voltage and current harmonic can fulfill the THD limit without a conventional filter. The converter is operated under fundamental frequency for the main bridges, thus its switching lose is low. The converter can be widely used in the STATCOM and HVDC system. The paper describes the principles and control strategies of the proposed converter. The operational feasibility of the proposed converter is verified by computer simulation using the PSCAD/EMTDC package.
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    Iterative Fault Location Scheme for a Transmission Line Using Synchronized Phasor Measurements (2007)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 8.2007, 6, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes a new iterative method to locate fault on a single transmission line. The method uses synchronized voltage and current measurements from both line terminals. Using the positive sequence components of the pre-fault and the post-fault phasors, positive sequence source impedances at both terminals are first estimated. Using these source impedances and the line data, the positive sequence bus impedance matrix (Zbus) is formed. Using the properties of Zbus, an iterative algorithm is proposed to locate the fault. This algorithm is tested extensively with data obtained from the EMTP simulation of a long transmission line simulated with distributed parameters in the presence of fault resistance and CT saturation. The simulation results show that the method is very accurate and robust.
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    Optimal Allocation of FACTS Devices by Using Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow and Genetic Algorithms (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The increases in power flows and environmental constraints are forcing electricity utilities to install new equipment to enhance network operation. Some application of Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) technologies to existing high-voltage power systems has proved the use of FACTS technology may be a cost-effective option for power delivery system enhancements. Amongst various power electronic devices, the unified power flow controller (UPFC) device has captured the interest of researchers for its capability of regulating the power flow and minimizing the power losses simultaneously. Since for a cost-effective application of FACTS technology a proper selection of the number and placement of these devices is required, the scope of this paper is to propose a methodology, based on a genetic algorithm, able to identify the optimal number and location of UPFC devices in an assigned power system network for maximizing system capabilities, social welfare and to satisfy contractual requirements in an open market power.In order to validate the usefulness of the approach suggested herein, a case study using a IEEE 30-bus power system is presented and discussed.
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    Genetic Algorithm and Fuzzy Logic Based Optimal Location of Facts Device in a Power System Network (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) in a power system improves the stability, reduces the losses, reduces the cost of generation and also improves the loadability of the system. In the proposed work, a non-traditional optimization technique, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) is conjunction with Fuzzy logic (FL) is used to optimize the various process parameters involved in introduction of FACTS devices in a power system. The various parameters taken into consideration were the location of the device, their type, and their rated value of the devices. The simulation was performed on a 30-bus power system with various types of FACTS controllers, modeled for steady state studies. The optimization results are compared to the solution given by another search method. This comparison confirms the efficiency of the proposed method which makes it promising to solve combinorial problem of FACTS device location in a power system network.
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    Online Condition Monitoring of Line-Insulator Leakage Currents (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper introduces some field analyses of the wooden pole fire reports and online condition monitoring recorded data for line insulators of 33kV and 132kV overhead power lines of Petroleum Development Oman (PDO). From the statistical analysis of PDO pole fire reports, it was found that PDO southern directorates had higher number of pole fires during May-September 2004. Pole fires mostly occur for single poles of 33kV distribution lines close to graded roads, where the most common burning locations are at crossarm fixation and at ground foundation. Pollution monitoring systems provide very useful information which can be used to predict the pole fire events.
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    A Simulation-based Spectral Technique for Power Quality and EMC Design of an Independent Power System (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel simulation-based spectral technique for power quality and electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) design of an independent electrical power system (EPS) has been proposed. Power filter optimization problem has been formulated to provide full solution of the electric power quality and conducted EMI problems in the EPS. The spectral technique has been implemented within a CAD tool. An example of power quality and EMC design has been provided for an independent EPS where an AC power source generates a power, which is comparable to the consumed power, and an additional power filter is calculated for an electronic product including a switch-mode power supply. Current and voltage spectra calculations have been verified with a block-oriented simulation program Simulink. Numerical experiments revealed a number of important features of the proposed spectral technique.
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    Bibliographic Review of FACTS and HVDC Applications in Wind Power Systems (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 3, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: With more emphasis being laid on clean and renewable sources of energy, engineers look for the best possible ways to harness the wind energy to the maximum extent. FACTs controllers that were earlier being used at the transmission level find their use at generation level when it comes to extracting reliable and quality power from Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). This article presents a review of the important modeling techniques employed for developing FACTs controllers and examines the role of HVDC-Light transmission in exploiting the Off-shore wind energy resources.
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    Design of Variable Structure Controller Using Fuzzy PI Type Sliding Surface: An Application to Load-Frequency Control Problem (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a proportional plus integral (PI) type sliding surface has been proposed for designing a fuzzy variable structure controller to solve load-frequency control problem in presence of load disturbances. It is shown that the proposed controller is effective and robust enough when the system suffers from mismatched condition but the model uncertainty and disturbance are assumed to be bounded. Furthermore, the proposed control strategy drives the states to the sliding surface and also maintains the sliding motion. To illustrate the approach presented has been tested on load-frequency control of power systems and the analytical claims have been justified under the uncertainty involved in the load demand of inter-connected power systems.
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    Distribution Control Centre: Software Integration (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes an agent based integration strategy for software elements at the Distribution Control Centre (DCC). The proposed agent-based software integration enables to "plug-and-play" new software applications developed by any vendor or developer with no or minimal changes in the existing software system at DCC. Consequently, it permits the development of the distribution automation system in a phased manner by different vendors. The strategy has been successfully implemented and tested in an actual 10 MVA, 33 kV distribution system to validate its efficacy.
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    Optimal Power Flow Solution: a GA-Fuzzy System Approach (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Optimal power flow (OPF) is one of the nonlinear problems of power system. The various algorithms for solving optimal power flow problem are found in the literature. The genetic algorithm (GA) based solution techniques are found to be most suitable because of their ability of simultaneous multidimensional search for optimal solution. This paper presents a novel GA-Fuzzy based approach for solving OPF. The GA parameters e.g. crossover and mutation probabilities are governed by fuzzy rule base. Algorithms for GA-OPF and GA-Fuzzy (GAF) OPF are developed and compared. The results obtained for these systems demonstrate that the GAF-OPF has faster convergence and lesser generation costs as compared to various methods tested for above systems.
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    Robust Damping Controls for a Unified Power Flow Controller (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This article investigates the various damping controls of the unified power flow controller (UPFC). A detailed dynamic model of the UPFC including the possible damping control parameters has been derived. A method of determining the stable operating states of the nonlinear system model has been presented. Fixed parameter robust controllers for the identified controls have been designed satisfying the robustness conditions on performance and stability. The robust controller design has been carried out with the aid of a simple graphical 'loop-shaping' construction procedure. Simulation studies show that both robust series converter voltage magnitude and shunt converter phase angle provide extremely good damping. Combined application of the above two controls, however, gives the best damping profile over a wide range of operation. PI controllers having optimized gain settings were employed to evaluate the robustness of the proposed controllers.
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    Bi-Objective Generation Scheduling of Fixed Head Hydrothermal Power Systems through an Interactive Fuzzy Satisfying Method and Particle Swarm Optimization (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents particle swarm optimization based interactive fuzzy satisfying method for bi-objective generation scheduling of fixed head hydro plants and thermal plants with nonsmooth fuel cost and emission level functions. The bi-objective problem is formulated considering two objectives (i) economy and (ii) emission. These two objectives are mutually conflicting and equally important. Assuming that the decision maker has imprecise or fuzzy goals for each of the objective functions, the bi-objective problem is transformed into a minimax problem, which is then handled by the particle swarm optimization technique. The solution methodology can offer a global or near-global noninferior solution for the decision maker. Numerical results for a sample test system have been presented to demonstrate the performance and applicability of the proposed method. The results obtained from the proposed method are compared to those found by interactive fuzzy satisfying method based on evolutionary programming technique.
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    An Application of HHI to Study Electricity Market Design Issues (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art5 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a study of market design issues for the future Electricity Supply Industry of countries in transition from monopolistic to more competitive structures. An approach is developed to apply a standard measurement of market concentration, such as Herfindahl Hirschman Index (HHI) within the market design context. Typically, HHI is used to study market power issues in established electricity markets. The approach presented in this paper indicates that HHI can also be used as a primary method to study market design ahead of implementation. A dynamic simulation of the Thai market is used to confirm the applicability of the approach presented in this paper.
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    Impacts of Multiple Distributed Generations on a Weak Distribution Network - A Case Study (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: It is well known to electricity authority worldwide of difficulty in meeting an ever increasing demand of a rural load center tens to hundred kilometers away from the interconnected grid. In many cases, upgrading sub-transmission system seemed appropriate in technical, economic and environmental aspects. Nevertheless, there are cases where addition of local generation is the only means to meet the increasing demand. For more than ten years, Thailand's Provincial Electricity Authority has been tackling complications of adding more and more local generations until exceeding the local off peak demand. These generations consist of four small hydro, one geothermal and one fuel oil power plants. Unfortunately, the unplanned attempts made to resolve problem concerning provision of electricity supply to meet the demand without conducting any pre-engineering study had proved ineffective and sustainable solution could not be attained. This paper described, analyzed and discussed in details the development of PEA's distribution system planning to supply quality and reliable electricity to a small rural and remote community in the country Northern province. Extensive field surveys and technical analyses were carried out to investigate impacts of distributed generation on the performance of the network. Finally, recommendations were given as guideline for further study in search of feasible and sustainable solutions.
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    A New Definition of Non-Active Power (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art3 
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    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There is no unique definition of non-active power for nonsinusoidal systems. A new definition of non-active power is proposed in this paper. This definition is based on energy transfer and provides a unique solution for non-active power of single-phase systems under both sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal conditions. An example is used to illustrate the use of this new definition. Energy transfer calculated using the new definition provides the same energy transfer determined from the non-sinusoidal non-active instantaneous power. This is consistent with the existing definition of active power that is also based on energy transfer.
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    Phasor Dynamics Influence on Electric Power System Performances (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Dynamic behaviour analysis of electric power system has always played a vital role in operation and planning of power systems. This analysis relies on computer simulation which are usually based on simplifying assumptions which aim at rendering system modelling more amenable to numerical solution. However, it is well known that uncertainties and unmodelled dynamics could in some cases lead to unexpected results. In the paper a simplified dynamic model of transmission network is employed to evaluate the influence of network transients on dynamic behaviour of power systems. Although simplified, this model can easily capture usually neglected dynamics. Applications of this modelling is proposed with respect to two test systems, highlighting the effects of usually unmodelled dynamics.
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    Design of HVDC and SVC Coordinate Damping Controller Based on Wide Area Signal (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: HVDC and FACTS devices have been widely applied in power system for their excellent and flexible control ability. Their contributions to the damping of system oscillations are of great importance for achieving satisfactory system performance. However, previous experience has shown that there may be negative interactions among FACTS devices whose supplementary controllers are designed separately. This may deteriorate system performance and even make system unstable. The interactions of HVDC and SVC during system oscillation were analyzed in this paper. The coordinate supplementary damping controller for HVDC and SVC were then designed based on projective control principle. The criterion of synthetic residue is adopted in choosing the proper input wide area signals. Eigenvalue analysis and time domain simulations were performed on a two-area system and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed controller.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 68
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    Non-Contact Determination of the Phase Sequence and Voltage Level of Overhead Conductors in Air Insulated Substations (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper describes how the phase sequence and voltage level (132 kV, 275 kV or 400 kV) of single-circuit overhead conductors can be calculated from measurements made by passive, non-contact sensors situated on a moving platform at ground level. The investigation relies on sensing the electric field along the profile of the conductors through the use of passive sensors. The fabrication of the passive sensor is described together with an analysis of its performance. The variation of the vertical component of electric field strength along the lateral profile beneath single-circuit conductors has been studied using finite element modeling software, ANSYS. The results of this simulation have led to a proposed method of determining the magnitude and phase sequence information from overhead conductors via analysis of the induced voltages on the sensors. The paper concludes with an investigation made in a 400 kV substation in the UK. Analysis of the experimental results shows that the proposed technique can successfully evaluate the phase sequence, voltage level, the spacing between phases and the orientation of high-voltage overhead conductors.
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  • 69
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    IEC 60060-1 Requirements in Impulse Current Waveform Parameters (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There are IEC 60060-1 requirements on three impulse current waveforms. For the damped-oscillating waves, margins of the front time T1 and the time to half the peak T2 are 10 per cent whilst any value after the polarity reversal has to be less than 20 per cent of the peak value. Authors have tried to construct impulse current calibrator for reference measuring system, which would generate a waveform having the time parameters quite close to ideals. After numerous simulations in selecting values for circuit composing components, authors came to an impression that a damped-oscillating current generator whose output waveform has parameter values close to standard, cannot be realised. In the paper, authors' "impression" is theoretically proved and mathematically possible margins for the parameters are to be presented in detail.
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    Application of the DC-Ripple Reinjection Concept to Forced-Commutated Conversion (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A dc-ripple reinjection concept, described in the literature with reference to the line-commutated current source converter, is applied in this paper to the self-commutated current source converter. This is achieved by means of a reinjection converter fed, via a single-phase transformer, from the triple frequency ripple signal. It is shown that the three-phase bridge can be made to operate effectively at any multiple of the six-pulse number and, thus, presents an effective alternative to the use of ac and dc side filters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 71
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    A Tapped Star Connected Autotransformer Based 24-Pulse AC-DC Converter for Power Quality Improvement in Induction Motor Drives (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the design, analysis and development of a novel tapped star connected autotransformer based twenty-four-pulse ac-dc converter for improving power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC) in vector controlled induction motor drives (VCIMD's). A star connected autotransformer with four windings per phase at different phase angles is used to realize the proposed twenty-four-pulse ac-dc converter. The basic design equations are derived to calculate the number of turns in different windings for achieving the harmonic reduction in the proposed autotransformer. The design of autotransformer is further modified for making it suitable for retrofit applications to replace presently used 6-pulse diode bridge rectifier. The proposed 24-pulse ac-dc converter is able to eliminate up to 21st harmonics in the supply current along with the power factor improvement close to unity in the wide operating range of the drive. The effect of load variation on VCIMD is also studied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed ac-dc converter. Different power quality indices on input ac mains and on dc bus for a VCIMD fed from a 12-pulse and a 24-pulse ac-dc converters are also given to compare their performance. Various tests are conducted on the developed prototype of proposed autotransformer based 24-pulse ac-dc converter. Different power quality indices are measured on developed 24-pulse ac-dc converter to validate the design and simulation model.
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    Sensitivity Based Approach for Transmission Congestion Management Utilizing Bids for Generation Rescheduling and Load Curtailment (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: One of the most important tasks of System Operator (SO) is to manage congestion as it threatens system security and may cause rise in electricity price resulting in market inefficiency. In corrective action congestion management schemes, it is crucial for SO to select the most sensitive generators to re-schedule their real and reactive powers and the loads to curtail in extreme congestion management. This paper proposed the selection of most sensitive generators and loads to re-schedule their generation and load curtailment based on the improved line flow sensitivity indices to manage congestion. The impact of slack bus on power flow sensitivity factors has been determined to encourage fair competition in the electricity markets. Effect of bilateral and multilateral transactions, and impact of multi-line congestion on congestion cost has also been studied. The generators' reactive power bid has been modeled by a continuous differentiable tangent hyperbolic function. The proposed concept of congestion management has been tested on a practical 75-bus Indian system and IEEE-118-bus test system.
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    Application of Web Services in SCADA Systems (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The paper presents the application of web services in the SCADA systems. Efforts are made to develop web publisher and WAP publisher using web services. Web and WAP configurators are developed to configure these MMIs. Dot NET technology has been successfully used for efficient implementation of the web services. Some sample screens of Web MMI and WAP are shown in the results section.
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    Synergism of MW and Mvar Losses for Contingency Ranking Using Fuzzy Approach (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Security assessment of a power system is very important function to detect any violation in the system and to ensure secure operation of the system in deregulated environment. Contingency ranking is the process of indexing the possible contingencies of system on the basis of their severity. The contingencies of higher ranking are further analyzed for detailed analysis. The contingencies based on the real power flow and the voltage deviations should be dealt simultaneously for better ranking. The paper presents fuzzy approach to combine ranking based on MW and Mvar losses and a new rank list is prepared. The proposed approach is tested on IEEE-30 bus test system.
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    Analysis of Ferroresonance in a Power Transformer with Multiple Nonlinearities (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper investigates the chaotic behavior exhibited by a typical ferroresonant circuit under two-phase open condition. The circuit includes multiple nonlinear elements that accounts for transformer core nonlinearities and arrester. In most of the ferroresonance studies the core loss of the transformer is neglected or modeled as linear resistor [1]. The basic model of the system under investigation and solution of the differential equations describing the model are corroborated against MicroTran [2]. Choice of state variables and formulation of state equations are accomplished through a topological approach [3]. Extensive simulations have been carried out to analyze the sensitivity of the state variables with respect to degree of core saturation, amplitude of the Thevenin voltage source and the presence of arrester. Time response plots, phase plots, Poincaré maps and conventional bifurcation diagrams are used to analyze the chaotic behavior. The results reveal that the nonlinear model of core loss has a significant effect on the onset of chaos. The simultaneous presence of arrester and nonlinear model of core loss effectively eliminates the chaotic region for lower value of transformer saturation exponent.
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    Application and Comparison of Metaheuristic Techniques to Generation Expansion Planning Incorporating Both Bilateral and Multilateral Transactions (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In restructured environment, various transactions such as firm bilateral and multilateral transactions are taking place. An analysis is made on effects of transactions on Generation Expansion Planning (GEP). Some of the metaheuristic techniques such as Genetic Algorithm (GA), Differential Evolution (DE), Evolutionary Programming (EP), Evolutionary Strategy (ES), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Tabu Search (TS), Simulated Annealing (SA), and Hybrid Approach (HA) are applied to solve the Transactions-GEP problem with the support of AC-Optimal Power Flow (OPF) for the modified IEEE-30 bus test system with 6-years planning horizon. The original GEP problem is modified using the proposed methods i) Virtual Mapping Procedure (VMP), and ii) Penalty Factor Approach (PFA), to improve the effectiveness of the Metaheuristic techniques. Further, Intelligent Initial Population Generation (IIPG) and 'Store and Retrieve approach' are introduced in the solution techniques to reduce the computational time. PFA is used to convert the constrained problem into an unconstrained one. The results of the metaheuristic techniques are compared and validated with that of Dynamic Programming (DP). The performances of each metaheuristic technique were compared in terms of their Success Rate (SR), Average Number of Generations (ANG), the error percentage and the mean execution time. The effects of various transactions on GEP are also analyzed.
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    Hourly Emission Target Constrained Economic Dispatch - A Renewable Energy Approach (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Due to the more stringent environmental requirements imposed on electric utilities, utilities must adopt new technologies for the cleaner production of electricity. This paper suggests the introduction of renewable energy and energy storage systems to fossil fueled existing electric utilities for the cleaner production of electricity with hourly emission target. A cost effective dispatching algorithm for clean and economic operation of electric utilities has been proposed. The efficacy of the proposed approach is illustrated with the help of a 25-bus, 6-generator sample utility. This paper would be useful for electric utilities, consultants, regulatory bodies, policy makers and planners.
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    A Three Gate Neural Network Based Approach for Automatic Control of Small Hydro Power Plants (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a flow control approach for the speed control of hydro turbines. Power can be controlled by controlling the rotary motion of the spear valve. In this paper, a flow control based model is proposed for the automatic control of small hydro power plants. In the proposed model, a servomotor is used to control the flow of water by controlling the rotational motion of the spear valve. The spear valve causes a 'continuous' control of the flow of water. `Discrete' flow control is achieved by the use of butterfly gates which are activated by DC motors. The suitability of servomotors for the control of small hydro power plants is discussed and PI controllers are used to further enhance their governing capability. State space representation is used to mathematically model the proposed model. Extensive simulations are performed to analyze the behaviour of the proposed model. Parameter optimization is performed using Artificial Neural Networks.
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    A Plan of Islanding Scheme for Pune City (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The availability of electrical energy ensures development and progress while its non-availability means stagnation or 'back tracking'. The condition of 'No Power' [1] is the costliest state and leads to social, economical and production loss. Power system blackout means inconvenience and hardship to society. Uninterrupted power supply is essential for the national productivity and social structure and hence system must be made flawless at any cost. Reliable and disturbance free electric power supply is recognized as a key to 'Societal progress throughout the world'. Grid failure occurs due to continued overstressing, low frequency operation, increased load demand, peaking characteristics of the demand, ineffective load control, reduced level of security due to opening of interstate lines and violation of grid discipline. After occurrence of severe system disturbances, the system may split into parts, which may or may not survive depending on the load generation balance. The part system containing the generation sources and certain loads, which are planned to be separated from the main grid during system disturbance at, preconceived points either through under frequency and / or directional power relays are called 'Islands'[2]. During restoration due to wide fluctuations in the frequency it becomes very difficult to maintain the load-generation balance. Inability to control the frequency may lead to unsuccessful restoration. Repeated collapse of the system island due to tripping of generators either due to over frequency or under frequency causes delay in getting normalcy. In this situation the computer-computer links between the State Load Despatch Centre (SLDC) and Area Load Despatch Centre (ALDC) play a key role [3]. The priority during the restoration period such as railway traction, essential consumers such as water supply scheme, hospitals etc and lastly to the civil societies should be given. It is also necessary to have provision of disturbance recorder and event logger at power generation stations and various interconnected substations. These and other major aspects are considered in proposing the islanding scheme of the Pune city.
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    Power System Events Classification using Pattern Recognition Approach (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new approach for power system event recognition and classification using HS-transform and RBFNN is presented in this paper. Different power system events (disturbances) like sag, swell, notch, spike, transient, and chirp are generated and processed through Hyperbolic S-transform (HS-Transform). The excellent time-frequency resolution property of HS-Transform is used to extract useful information (features) from the non-stationary signals for pattern recognition. Here HS-transform generates the S-matrix and S-matrix provides the time-frequency contours, phase contours and absolute phase of the corresponding signal. From the above extracted information, various numerical indices like standard deviation, variance, norm, energy are found out. Further these indices are used as inputs to the Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) for classifying different power system events accordingly. The RBFNN provides accurate results even with inputs (indices) found out under high noise conditions (SNR 20 dB). Thus the proposed method provides a robust and accurate method for power system events classification.
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    A Neural Network Based Automatic Generation Controller Design through Reinforcement Learning (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 1, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the design and implementation of a learning controller for the Automatic Generation Control (AGC) in power systems based on a reinforcement learning (RL) framework. In contrast to the recent RL scheme for AGC proposed by us, the present method permits handling of power system variables such as Area Control Error (ACE) and deviations from scheduled frequency and tie-line flows as continuous variables. (In the earlier scheme, these variables have to be quantized into finitely many levels). The optimal control law is arrived at in the RL framework by making use of Q-learning strategy. Since the state variables are continuous, we propose the use of Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks to compute the Q-values for a given input state. Since, in this application we cannot provide training data appropriate for the standard supervised learning framework, a reinforcement learning algorithm is employed to train the RBF network. We also employ a novel exploration strategy, based on a Learning Automata algorithm, for generating training samples during Q-learning. The proposed scheme, in addition to being simple to implement, inherits all the attractive features of an RL scheme such as model independent design, flexibility in control objective specification, robustness etc. Two implementations of the proposed approach are presented. Through simulation studies the attractiveness of this approach is demonstrated.
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    Application of Random Search Technique in Directional Overcurrent Relay Coordination (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Recently, using a non-linear programming method authors have demonstrated that based on certain criteria if some non-significant selectivity constraints are relaxed, all remaining constraints happen to be feasible but the solution of coordination problem is not possible with the conventional objective function as optimization procedure leaves the solution space [20]. In coordination studies solution with the conventional objective function provides minimum relay operating times. The present paper describes an additional criterion so that the solution with the conventional objective function can be achieved. This paper also achieves the acceptable speed of the primary protection while attempting to coordinate the maximum relay pairs. Complete results are presented in this paper in this regard. This paper uses the non-linear Random Search Technique to solve the coordination problem, which has been successfully applied in many problem areas.
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    Steady State Overvoltages of TCSC Terminals and Their Impact on Degree of Compensation and Transmitted Power of Radical Power System (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper studies, in a tutorial form, the impact of location of the TCSC on the degree of compensation and the transmitted power of a radial power system. The voltages of the two terminals of the TCSC have been examined at different locations with increase in the degree of compensation and transmitted power. The objective is to limit these voltages to 1.05 pu and obtaining maximum degree of compensation. Two cases were studied: (1) The case when the receiving end is a large AC system where the receiving end voltage is always maintained at 1.0 pu which is designated as case # 1 and (2) The case when the receiving end is an inductive load (R-L) load and it is designated as case # 2. For case #1, it has been found that sitting the TCSC at the sending or receiving end causes a large overvoltage. In contrast, sitting it at the midpoint could not cause overvoltage up to 0.5 degree of compensation. If it is higher than this value, overvoltage has been found. Thus placing the TCSC at the midpoint provides a compensation range up to 0.5. If the TCSC are disparted in two or three smaller TCSCs, which are equal in size and equally spaced along the transmission line, it has been found that higher degree of compensation can be obtained. This scheme has been found to be best compensation scheme to obtain a wide compensation range. In case 2, the sending end positioning has been found to cause overvoltage while the receiving end positioning provides a wide compensation range up to 1 without overvoltage at any point. Similar to case # 1, sitting the TCSC at the midpoint causes overvoltage at a degree of compensation greater than 0.5. For distributed TCSCs, a degree of compensation greater 0.5 can be obtained and the maximum degree of compensation depends upon the number of TCSCs. For case # 2, the best position has been found to be at the load end. In addition to the two study cases, a relation between the number of the distributed TCSCs and the maximum degree of compensation has been developed.
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    Modeling the Strategic Bidding of the Producers in Competitive Electricity Markets with the Watkins' Q (lambda) Reinforcement Learning (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Competition has been introduced in the last decade into the electricity markets and is presently underway in many countries. A centralized approach for the dispatching of the generation units has been substituted by a market approach based on the biddings submitted by the supply side and, eventually, by the demand side. Each producer is a player in the market acting to maximize its utility. The decision making process of the producers and their interactions in the market are a typical complex problem that is difficult to be modeled explicitly, and can be studied with a multi agents approach. This paper proposes a model able to capture the decision making approach of the producers in submitting strategic biddings to the market and simulate the market outcomes resulting from those interactions. The model is based on the Watkins' Q (lambda) Reinforcement Learning and takes into account the network constraints that may pose considerable limitations to the electricity markets. The model can be used to define the optimal bidding strategy for each producer and, as well, to find the market equilibrium and assessing the market performances. The model proposed is applied to a standard IEEE 14-bus test system to illustrate its effectiveness.
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    Energy Planning with Air Pollution Constraints (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Electrical energy planning of modern electric power system requires great attention for the air pollution problem. This is in accordance to the increasing tendency to optimise the production processes in the respect of their sustainability. Moreover, the advent of the deregulation in the electric energy market has involved substantial modifications of philosophy in planning and managing the electrical power system. These aspects together offer new challenge in defining proper system study methodologies and suitable planning strategies. One of the most complex problems in the planning strategies is the data management uncertainty related to load forecasting and environmental modelling. In this paper a robust optimal planning procedure is formalized, taking adequately into account the problem of stochastic variables presence, allowing to satisfy the air quality and load demand forecast constraints in spite of uncertainties. The proposed approach addresses generation planning, where the various aspects have been integrated to solve the problem in a feasible and realistic way. A numerical application to an electrical power system with respect to a regional area is reported in the final part of the paper, showing the applicability of the proposed methodology.
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  • 86
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    Controlling Inrush Currents in Inductively Coupled Power Systems (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 2, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In an Inductively Coupled Power Transfer (ICPT) system, a multiplicity of (moving) loads take power from an elongated conductive loop (track) excited by a current in the range of 15-125A by magnetic induction at a VLF frequency of between 5-50kHz. In this application, the track performs the same function as a distribution line in a power system. However, frequency deviations cannot be tolerated in ICPT systems and therefore there are difficulties with inrush power surges as loads switch on. In severe cases, the inrush surge may compromise the security of the whole system.This paper proposes a solution to this problem using an ICPT pickup controller with input shaping where the poles that can cause an inrush are not excited. The paper is supported by theoretical analysis and experimental measurements and is applicable across a wide range of ICPT sizes and applications. The solution reduces the inrush effects to 10% of an uncontrolled system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 87
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    Zero-Sequence Current Control of Modular Active Power Filter for High Power Three-Phase Three-Wire Electrical Networks (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 3, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Since the development of the first control strategy for the active power filters (APF) introduced by H. Akagi [H. Akagi, Y. Kanazawa,A. Nabae, Generalized theory of the instantaneous reactive power in three-phase circuits, in: Proceedings of International Power Electronics Conference, Tokyo, Japan (1983) 1375-1386.], many efforts have been concentrated to improve their performances. However, when electrical networks supplies high current non-linear loads, a single inverter-based APF has limited power capability. In this paper, we studied parallel operation achieving high power level. More particularly, we examined a modular APF based on two three-phase inverters. This structure allows zero-sequence current circulating through the inverters, as demonstrated by using averaged modelling of the APF. To solve this problem and based on previous averaged model, we proposed a new optimal control strategy, suppressing the zero-sequence circulating current. Simulation results validate the proposed control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol7/iss3/art1
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  • 88
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    Application of Ultraviolet Detector in Discharge Detection (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 3, art2 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The aging of insulators often results in corona discharge, and the measurement of the ultraviolet light (UV-light) can be used to detect insulator defects. This paper introduces a new tester, the ultraviolet detector, which can detect defective insulators by measuring the UV-light from the discharging insulators. Some tests were carried out. The results indicated that the detector can identify the existence of corona discharge with good performance. And it can be used for discharge detection of power system and transformer substation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 89
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    Electrostatic and Electrodynamic Field Analyses of 33kV Line Insulators (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 3, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Electrostatic and electrodynamic field analyses of 33kV line insulators were introduced to compare the electric-field and the current density profiles of commonly used line insulators in Oman; namely, silicone rubber (SiR) and porcelain line post insulators, and porcelain cap and pin insulator string. SLIM software package was used for such simulation, which is a fully integrated collection of software modules that provides facilities for the generation and solution of electromagnetic finite element models. The simulation results reveal that for the electrostatic simulation under pollution conditions, SiR and porcelain line-post insulators give maximum values of the electric field of 360kV/m and 1700kV/m, respectively. The latter value exceeds the recommended electric field level of 500kV/m. For the electrodynamic simulation under pollution conditions, the electric field and the current density are much higher for porcelain insulator compared to those of SiR insulator. The simulation of four cap-pin standard insulator string reveals that there is high electric field (1250kV/m) at the cap-insulator gap which can cause high current density for polluted case. Finally, the trend of the simulation results has been verified by experimental tests, which has been conducted on different 33kV line insulators having different designs and materials.
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  • 90
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    Electricity Price and Load Short-Term Forecasting Using Artificial Neural Networks (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 4, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents an approach for short-term electricity price and load forecasting using the artificial neural network (ANN) computing technique. The described approach uses the three-layered ANN paradigm with back-propagation. The publicly available data, acquired from the deregulated Victorian power system, was used for training and testing the ANN. The ANN approach based on similarity technique has been proposed according to which the load and price curves are forecasted by using the information of the days being similar to that of the forecast day. A Euclidean norm with weighted factors is used for the selection of similar days. Two different ANN models, one for load forecasting and another for price forecasting, have been proposed. Test results show that average price and load MAPEs for the year 2003 by using the ANN approach are obtained as 14.29% and 0.95%, respectively. MAPE values obtained from the price and load forecasting results confirm considerable value of the ANN based approach in forecasting short-term electricity prices and loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol7/iss4/art4
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  • 91
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    Optimal Number and Location of TCSC and Loadability Enhancement in Deregulated Electricity Markets Using MINLP (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 5.2006, 1, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper proposes a new method of optimal number and location of TCSC using mixed integer non-linear programming approach in the deregulated electricity markets. Optimal number and location of TCSC controller can effectively enhance system loadability and their placement is a crucial issue due to their high cost. Since, in the competitive electricity environment more and more transactions are negotiated, which can compromise the system security. Therefore, it has become essential to determine secure transactions occurring in the new environment for better planning and management. The system loadability has been determined in a hybrid market model utilizing the secure transaction matrix. The proposed technique has been tested on IEEE 24-bus reliability test system (RTS).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol5/iss1/art6
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  • 92
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    Transmission System Upgrading - Analyzing the Alternatives for Final Decision Making (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: At present the Indian Power Sector is seriously considering the optimization of their existing inter-regional transmission links, and also planning to form new inter-regional links. As one of the options, Thyristors Controlled Series Compensation (TCSC) scheme has been implemented recently in the Uttar Pradesh State, in the 400 kV links between Anpara and Unnao, and further efforts have not been made yet. At this stage, as a helping hand to the Power Sector in its decision-making, this paper explores the need for further transmission system upgrading, and based on a prototype transmission system study, it identifies a few more inter-regional transmission links for TCSC implementation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.bepress.com/ijeeps/vol6/iss2/art1
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  • 93
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    Design of UPFC Fuzzy-Logic Damping Controller Using the Strategy of Oscillation Energy Descent (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art3 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Based on a damping control strategy for oscillation energy descent, an adaptive UPFC fuzzy-logic damping control scheme is proposed. Using the UPFC line power as the input signal, the controller can adaptively adjust the control parameters according to the magnitude of power oscillation in the UPFC line using fuzzy rules to effectively damp the power oscillation. One of advantages of the controller is that the detailed model and parameters of systems is not needed in the controller design. Case studies on the 10-generator New England test system show that the controller can effectively enhance dynamic stability of systems with good robustness.
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  • 94
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    A Rule Based Expert System for Identification of Harmonics Originating from Single Phase Nonlinear Loads (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Presently, there is still a critical shortage of experts to interpret and diagnose problems associated with power system harmonics. Thus, the use of a rule based expert system is proposed for the identification of harmonic sources originating from various single phase nonlinear loads such as uninterruptible power supply, personal computer, fluorescent lamp with magnetic and electronic ballasts, PC monitor and oscilloscope. Identification of harmonics originating from single phase nonlinear loads is implemented by first analyzing the harmonic current waveforms using fractal and fast Fourier transform analyses so as to characterize the harmonic signatures of the different types of nonlinear loads. Then, a rule-based expert system is developed in which the system identifies and classifies the different types of nonlinear loads from the input current waveforms. The expert system with its user interface has been developed in MATLAB and it has been verified with real current measurements. The results obtained prove that the system enables accurate identification of nonlinear loads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 95
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    Robust Decentralized LFC Design in a Restructured Power System (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art4 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a new approach based on µ-synthesis technique is presented for the robust decentralized load frequency controller design of a restructured multi area power under the possible contracts. In each control area, the connections between this area and the rest of the system and the effects of possible contracts are treated as a set of new disturbance signals to achieve decentralization. It is shown that, subject to a condition based on the structured singular values and H infinity norm, each local area load frequency controller can be designed independently. The stability condition for the overall system can be stated as to achieve a sufficient interaction margin and a sufficient gain and phase margin defined in classical feedback theory during each independent design. The proposed method is tested on a four-area power system with the possible contracts and compared with the PI controller for a wide range of operating conditions and load changes. The resulting controllers are shown to minimize the effects of load disturbances and maintain robust performance in the presence of specified uncertainties and system nonlinearities.
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  • 96
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    Analysis of a Saturated Multi-Phase (Six-Phase) Self-Excited Induction Generator (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The present paper is concerned with the application of the equations of a saturated smooth air-gap machine to the analysis of the transient behavior of a multi-phase (six-phase) self-excited induction generator (SEIG). In the analytical model (d-q axis model), the effects of common mutual leakage inductance between the two three-phase winding sets have been included. A detailed experimental investigation of self-excitation process, loss of excitation and re-excitation, switching-in of pure resistive load without, and with series compensation (short shunt) is also included in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 97
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    Magnetic Saturation Effects in a Synchronous Generator During Unbalanced Faults (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 6.2006, 2, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper reviews a phase-domain synchronous generator model and investigates the effects of the non-uniform air gap saturation on the performance of a three-phase salient pole synchronous generator during a single-phase-to-ground short circuit. Accurate representation of magnetic saturation effects in synchronous machines is required when studying their behavior closely. Modeling a synchronous machine directly in the physical phase-domain instead of the dqo-coordinates permits an easy and accurate representation of magnetic saturation in the machine. The reviewed model has been verified to be accurate and effective in representing the behavior of synchronous generators. The test results have showed the strong impact of the non-uniform air gap on the magnetic saturation in a three-phase salient pole synchronous generator.
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  • 98
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    Harmonic Reducing ANN Controller for a SVC Compensating Unbalanced Fluctuating Loads (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development of an artificial neural network (ANN) controller for a Static Var Compensator (SVC) system compensating unbalanced fluctuating loads. The proposed controller can balance and reduce the reactive power drawn from the source under unbalanced loads while keeping harmonic injection to the system due to SVC operation low. The first stage of controller development is a fuzzy logic based control algorithm. This algorithm determines a number of possible operating states of SVC for a given load condition and calculates corresponding harmonics injections. Then a fuzzy logic system is used to rank those operating states in terms of the magnitude of the reactive power drawn from the source and the harmonic injection level indicated by Total Demand Distortion (TDD). The best operating state is selected based on the ranking score assigned by the fuzzy logic ranking system. Finally, computational speed of the controller is improved by replacing the analytical and fuzzy computations by a set of neural networks trained with data generated with fuzzy logic based controller.
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  • 99
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    An Experimental Study on the Electrical Properties of Fly Ash in the Grounding System (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 2, art7 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A good grounding system is the fundamental insurance to keep the safe operation of power systems. The grounding resistance reduction additive-fly ash is proposed in this study. Fly ash is the byproduct of coal-fired power plants. A pulverized coal boiler generates approximately 80% fly ash and only 20% bottom ash. Furthermore, the study of these materials will assume greater importance. Waste utilization is an attractive alternative to disposal in that disposal cost and potential pollution problems are reduced. Extensively used as an additive in Portland cement or as a mineral admixture in concrete in recent years, we have found that fly ash has a low resistivity, and so can be used as an agent for reducing resistance to grounding. Also, an effort is made to investigate the effect of water-to-cement(W/C) and temperature on the resistivity of the test specimens. The grounding resistance reduction agent was determined by considering various proportions of water, cement and salt. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can effectively reduce the grounding resistance.
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  • 100
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    Modelling of TCSC Controller for Transient Stability Enhancement (2006)
    Berkeley, Calif. : Berkeley Electronic Press (now: De Gruyter)
    International journal of emerging electric power systems 7.2006, 1, art6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1553-779X
    Source: Berkeley Electronic Press Academic Journals
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Power engineers are currently facing challenges to increase the power transfer capabilities of existing transmission system. Flexible AC Transmission system (FACTS) controllers can balance the power flow and thereby use the existing power system network most efficiently. Because of their fast response, FACTS controllers can also improve the stability of an electrical power system by helping critically disturbed generators to give away the excess energy gained through the acceleration during fault. Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) is an important device in FACTS family, and is widely recognized as an effective and economical means to solve the power system stability problem. TCSC is used as series compensator in transmission system. In the present work a TCSC controller is designed and tested over a single machine infinite bus (SMIB) as well as a multi-machine power system. Detailed simulation studies are carried out with MATLAB/SIMULINK environment and the effect of the TCSC parameter variations over the system stability is studied.
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