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  • Articles  (870)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Medicine  (870)
  • 1
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    [Editors' Choice] Fluorine frolicking with eight friends (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-02-10
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    [This Week in Science] A salty route to an all-nitrogen ring (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    [Perspective] Polynitrogen chemistry enters the ring (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-01-27
    Description: Polynitrogens have the potential for ultrahigh-performing explosives or propellants because singly or doubly bonded polynitrogens can decompose to triply bonded dinitrogen (N2) with an extraordinarily large energy release. The large energy content and relatively low activation energy toward decomposition makes the synthesis of a stable polynitrogen allotrope an extraordinary challenge. Many elements exist in different forms (allotropes)—for example, carbon can exist as graphite, diamond, buckyballs, or graphene. However, no stable neutral allotropes are known for nitrogen, and only two stable homonuclear polynitrogen ions had been isolated until now—namely, the N3− anion (1) and the N5+ cation (2). On page 374 of this issue, Zhang et al. (3) report the synthesis and characterization of the first stable salt of the cyclo-N5− anion, only the third stable homonuclear polynitrogen ion ever isolated. Author: Karl O. Christe
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    [Editors' Choice] A pair of tablemates for aromatic benzene (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-09
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    [This Week in Science] Coordinated scission of N–H or O–H bonds (2016)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-11-11
    Description: Author: Jake Yeston
    Keywords: Inorganic Chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of desialylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on the bioactivity of rat Leydig cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 21-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: human chorionic gonadotropin ; desialylation ; Leydig Cell ; steroidogenesis ; second messenger ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein hormone that, like LH, stimulates steroidogenesis in gonadal cells. Using a desialylation process, 95 per cent of the sialic acid residues from an intact standard hCG molecule were eliminated and then the electrophoretic properties and the bioactivity of the desialylated hCG were determined. Using rat Leydig cells as a biological model, the binding affinity to LH receptors of Leydig cell membranes, steroidogenic activity and second messenger production were studied. The results indicate that the loss of sialic acid from the hCG molecule slightly increases the binding activity to LH receptors and results in steroidogenic activity with an increased ED50. Cyclic AMP production was significantly reduced however and arachidonic acid release was not observed. Several possible mechanisms that could explain these results are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review: Learning More Biochemistry. 100 New Case-Oriented Problems. Richard F. Luduena. John Wiley and Sons. 332 pages, £14.99. (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 74-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen free radical scavenger properties of dehydroepiandrosterone (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: dehydroepiandrosterone ; liver microsomes ; electron spin resonance ; hydroxyl radical ; antioxidant ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The microsomes from dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-supplemented animals are good hydroxyl radical scavengers, as demonstrated through electron spin resonance and deoxyribose degradation. The ability of DHEA-supplemented microsomes to react with superoxide radical was also demonstrated through the inhibition of nitro-blue tetrazolium reduction determined by superoxide radicals produced in a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system. DHEA-enriched microsomes, obtained from acutely DHEA-treated rats, become resistant to iron-dependent lipid peroxidation triggered by H2O2/FeSO4 and ascorbate/FeSO4.The direct addition of DHEA to microsomes from untreated rats failed to prevent iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, even if the microsomes were preincubated with DHEA for up to 15 min, indicating that in vivo transformation is required before antioxidant action can be exerted. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) on the phospholipid metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 87-97 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: phospholipids ; ceramide ; sphingomyelin ; chromatin condensation ; TNFα ; Tetrahymena ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of (0·05 ng ml-1 and 0·1 ng ml-1) TNFα on the phospholipid metabolism of Tetrahymena pyriformis was studied. The amount of phosphatidyl choline (PC), phosphatidyl inositol (PI), phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), diacylglycerol (DAG), arachidonic acid (AA) and ceramide was higher, but the phosphatidyl inositol 4 phosphate (PIP) and phosphatidyl inositol bis-phosphate (PIP2) as well, as sphingomyelin (SM) content was lower in TNFα-treated cells than in the controls. In the culture medium (secreted forms) this situation was reversed. There were differences in the results gained by incorporation of [3H]-palmitic acid or 32P into the phospholipids. To control the functional effects of TNFα in Tetrahymena, the rate of cell division, the condensation of chromatin, the viability of cells and morphometrical values have been studied. The cytokine reduced cell growth, altered morphometric indices and increased chromatin condensation, however cell viability was not influenced. The results demonstrate the effects of TNFα at a low level of evolution, what is realized by changes in the phospolipid metabolism participating in signalling pathways. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen tension regulates heme oxygenase-1 gene expression in mammalian cell lines (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: hyperoxia ; gene regulation ; antioxidant ; oxidative stress ; antioxidant enzyme ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The gene expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) was studied in mammalian cell lines exposed to hyperoxia. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that hyperoxic exposure increased the HO-1 mRNA levels in various types of cells, including human hepatoma (HepG2) cells. This increase was time- and dose-dependent, and reversible. The HO-1 mRNA levels in HepG2 cells were increased to 2·3- and 4·2-fold of the control by hyperoxic exposure of 6 and 23 h, respectively. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D inhibited the increases in the HO-1 mRNA level produced by hyperoxia, indicating that response to hyperoxia is dependent on de novo protein synthesis and mRNA transcription. Antioxidants, desferrioxamine (DES) and o-phenanthroline (OP) partially inhibited the HO-1 mRNA elevation by hyperoxia. In addition to hyperoxia, sodium arsenite (NaAsO2), cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which are reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generators, increased the HO-1 mRNA level by 11-, 22- and 2·5-fold, respectively. OP, an antioxidant and a bivalent metal chelator, blocked the HO-1 mRNA elevation induced either by hyperoxia or by the three ROI generators. In contrast to OP, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant and membrane-permeable reducing reagent, enhanced the HO-1 mRNA elevation induced by hyperoxia, although NAC inhibited the mRNA elevation induced by NaAsO2, CdCl2 and H2O2. These results indicate that oxygen tension regulates HO-1 gene expression and suggest that hyperoxia-specific and redox-sensitive regulators may be involved in hyperoxia-mediated HO-1 gene expression. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review: Encyclopedia of molecular biology and molecular medicine, Vol. 6. R. A. Meyers (Ed.), VCH, Weinheim, Germany. xiii + 495 pages (1997). (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial sensitivity to AZT (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 173-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: AZT ; mitochondrial disease ; bioenergetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The possibility of tissue-specific effects regarding mitochondrial sensitivity to AZT was evaluated in this study. When mitochondria isolated from liver, kidney, skeletal and cardiac muscle were oxidizing glutamate, a dose-dependent inhibition by AZT of state 3 respiration was observed; using succinate as substrate the inhibition occurred only in skeletal and cardiac muscle mitochondria. The same results were obtained with FCCP-uncoupled mitochondria. NADH oxidase of intact and disrupted mitochondria, isolated from all four tissues was strongly inhibited. Succinate oxidase activity was inhibited by AZT only in intact mitochondria from skeletal and cardiac muscles, suggesting the involvement of succinate transport systems. Similarly, inhibition by the drug of the hydrolytic activity of H+-ATPase was observed only in mitochondria of these tissues. These effects taken together, indicate a tissue/carrier-specific inhibition in vitro, although its precise mechanism requires further research. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Book review: Ribonucleases: structure and function. G. D'Alessio and J. F. Riordan (Eds). Academic Press, New York and London. 670 + xix pages (1997). (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 225-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: No Abstract
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dietary fat on lymphocyte proliferation and metabolism (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 253-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: dietary fatty acids ; lymphocyte proliferation ; glucose oxidation ; glutamine oxidation ; enzyme activity ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of diets enriched with fat containing different fatty acids on glucose and glutamine metabolism of mesenteric lymph nodes lymphocytes, spleen, and thymus and lymphocyte proliferation was examined. The following fat-rich diets were tested: (1) standard chow (CC); (2) medium chain saturated fatty acids (MS) - coconut fat oil; (3) long chain saturated fatty acids (LS) - cocoa butter; (4) monounsaturated fatty acids (MU) - canola oil (n-9); (5) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PU) - soybean oil (n-6). Of the fat-rich diets tested, MS was the one to present the least pronounced effect. Lymphocyte proliferation was reduced by LS (64 per cent), MU (55 per cent), and PU (60 per cent). Hexokinase activity was enhanced in lymph node lymphocytes by PU (67 per cent), in the spleen by MS (42 per cent), and in the thymus by PU (30 per cent). This enzyme activity was reduced in the spleen (33 per cent) by LS and MU (35 per cent). In the thymus, this enzyme activity was reduced by LS (26 per cent) and MU (13 per cent). Maximal phosphate-dependent glutaminase activity was raised in lymphocytes by MS (70 per cent) and MU (20 per cent). This enzyme activity, however, was decreased in lymphocytes by PU (26 per cent), in the spleen by LS (15 per cent), and in the thymus by MU (44 per cent). Citrate synthase activity was increased in lymphocytes by MU (35 per cent), in the spleen by LS (56 per cent) and MU (68 per cent), and in the thymus by LS (42 per cent). This enzyme activity was decreased in lymphocytes by PU (24 per cent) only. [U-14C]-Glucose decarboxylation was raised by all fat-rich diets; MS (88 per cent), LS (39 per cent), MU (33 per cent), and PU (50 per cent), whereas [U-14C]-glutamine decarboxylation was increased by LS (53 per cent) and MU (55 per cent) and decreased by MS (17 per cent). The results presented indicate that the reduction in lymphocyte proliferation due to LS, LU and PU could well be a consequence of changes in glucose and glutamine metabolism. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Occurrence of the Crabtree effect in HeLa cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 99-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: HeLa cells ; Crabtree effect ; pyruvate kinase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The occurrence of a Crabtree effect in HeLa cells was detected. Some properties of pyruvate kinase (PK) were also evaluated. Hexose phosphate, triose-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) significantly decreased the oxygen consumption of digitonin-permeabilized HeLa cells, which were oxidizing succinate. The Crabtree effect promoted by PEP was concentration-dependent and was lowered by an increase of ADP concentration, suggesting a participation of PK. The dependence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FDP) by HeLa cell PK was observed. The PK of HeLa cells was inhibited by L-alanine only in the absence of FDP, while in the presence of the metabolite, an increase in the activity was observed. PK was also inhibited in the presence of L-histidine and L-leucine, while L-serine promoted activation. L-Cysteine and L-phenylalanine also inhibited the PK of HeLa cells. This, together with the sigmoidal character in relation to substrate concentration, suggests the presence of the K-type of PK in HeLa cells. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ribosomes mask cytochrome b5 on rough microsomal vesicles (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 149-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: cytochrome b5 ; rough microsomal vesicles ; chemical degranulation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cytochrome b5 is unmasked on the removal of ribosomes by chemical degranulation of rat liver microsomes. Reattachment of ribosomes to stripped membranes remasks this enzyme on the membrane surface. This haemoprotein may be involved either in the attachment of ribosomes to reticular membranes or in protein biosynthesis by membrane-bound ribosomes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inactivation of urate oxidase by a system composed of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and bromide (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 139-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: lactoperoxidase ; lactoperoxidase-H2O2-bromide ; urate oxidase ; thiol enzyme ; N-acetylmethionine ; glutathione ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Urate oxidase from Candida utilis, an enzyme containing an essential thiol, was examined for its sensitivity to lactoperoxidase, an oxidant present in breast milk. Upon exposure to a system composed of lactoperoxidase, hydrogen peroxide and bromide at moderately alkaline pH, the urate oxidase exhibited comparable activity to the untreated enzyme; but upon exposure at moderately acidic pH, it lost its activity completely. Thus the lactoperoxidase-H2O2-bromide system significantly inactivated urate oxidase only at moderately acidic pH. This inactivation was prevented by the presence of N-acetylmethionine, a methionine analogue, or glutathione, which is a thiol compound analogous to an amino acid, indicating that it was probably due to the oxidation and damage of the methionine residue and/or the thiol group in the urate oxidase by the lactoperoxidase system, that loss of catalytic activity of the urate oxidase occurred. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the effect of theophylline administration on total, free, short-chain acyl and long-chain acyl carnitine distributions in rat renal tissues (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 165-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: acylcarnitine ; carnitine ; kidney ; rat ; lipolysis ; theophylline ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study is conducted to investigate the effect of oral theophylline administration on total (TC), free (FC), short- (SC), long-chain acyl (LC), acyl (AC) carnitine distributions as well as the ratio of acyl to free carnitine (AC/FC) in rat renal tissues. Theophylline was administrated at 100 mg kg-1 body weight day-1, and effects were monitored after a treatment period that lasted between 1 week and 5 weeks. The results indicated that theophylline administration leads to significantly higher concentrations of TC, FC, SC, L and AC in renal tissues as compared to those of control and placebo groups (P〈0·001). Moreover, the ratio of AC/FC was significantly increased (P〈0·001) as compared to either control or placebo groups. These changes may result from theophylline-enhanced mobilization of lipids from adipose tissues, which consequently stimulates an increased carnitine transport into the renal tissues to form acylcarnitines for subsequent β-oxidation inside the renal mitochondria. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of Walker-256 tumour development upon Kupffer cell metabolism (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 195-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Kupffer cells ; glucose ; glutamine ; metabolism ; Walker 256 tumour ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The liver plays a central role in the establishment and maintenance of the cachectic state in rats bearing extra-hepatic tumours. Kupffer cells, which as macrophages, show a strong relationship between metabolism and function could be involved in the alterations observed in the disruption of many functions of the organ as a whole. To assess whether the metabolic/functional pattern of Kupffer cells was altered by cachexia we have investigated the utilization of glucose, glutamine and palmitate by the cells from tumour-bearing and control rats. We have found an enhanced utilization of the three substrates by the cells from tumour-bearing rats as compared with controls, which was related to greater energy production through the Krebs cycle and enhanced production of precursors for the synthesis of the many substances the cells secrete when activated. The use of palmitate as substrate was also augmented in these cells, in the opposition to the observation in stimulated peritoneal macrophages. The availability of palmitate however, was not associated with a reduction of glucose or glutamine consumption. The cycle of interconversion, free fatty acids/triacyglycerol in Kupffer cells from tumour-bearing rats was also found to be increased, as was hydrogen peroxide production. Taken together the results suggest an increased utilization of substrates for both energy production and for synthetic processes (e.g. NADPH for hydrogen peroxide production). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blood plasma levels of lipoperoxides, glutathione peroxidase, beta carotene, vitamin A and E in women with habitual abortion (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; habitual abortion ; vitamin A and E ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The plasma levels of lipoperoxides, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), reduced glutathione (GSH), beta carotene, vitamin A, E, some plasma biochemical and blood haematological parameters were investigated in 40 women with habitual abortion (HA) and controls. The levels of GSH, vitamin A, E and beta carotene were significantly lower in women with HA than in controls. However, the plasma levels of lipid peroxidation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose and blood haemoglobin were significantly higher in HA than in controls. In addition, plasma levels of GSH-Px, AST, ALT, total bilirubin, total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and number of white blood cells, red blood cells, platelet and values of packet cell volume showed no significant differences between HA and controls. According to the results of this study, we observed that the levels of lipid peroxidation were increased and plasma levels of vitamin A, E and beta carotene were decreased in HA. The decrease of those antioxidants may play a significant role in women with habitual abortion. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA repair, cell cycle progression and cell death following camptothecin treatment in two murine lymphoma L5178Y sublines (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 239-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: camptothecin ; L5178Y lymphoma sublines ; DNA repair ; S/G2 arrest ; apoptosis ; necrosis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The processes involved in cell response to camptothecin (CPT) were investigated in two sublines of L5178Y (LY) murine lymphoma; LY-R, resistant and LY-S, sensitive to X-irradiation, which are inversely cross-sensitive to the drug. The cells were pulse-treated with 2 μM CPT for 1 h; this resulted in equal numbers of replication-related DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in both sublines.1 After drug removal, at different time points up to 24 h, the levels of DSBs were measured by using field inversion gel electrophoresis (FIGE) and comet assay at neutral pH. Both methods revealed faster DSBs repair in LY-S than in LY-R cells, in contrast with X-ray-induced DSBs. This however, was followed by the appearance of secondary breaks in the former subline. The cell cycle arrest was at S/G2 phase and comprised equal numbers of cells in LY-S and LY-R populations. In both sublines formation of giant cells took place, as well as delayed apoptosis starting about 20 h post-CPT incubation and proceeding with similar intensity. At the same time, the total number of necrotic cells appearing during post-exposure incubation in the LY-R subline exceeded that in the LY-S subline. We suggest that, beside previously documented higher susceptibility of topoisomerase I (Topo I) from LY-R cells to CPT,2,3 a higher initial rate of replication-related DSBs repair, but not lower propensity to apoptosis, may contribute to the relative CPT resistance of LY-S versus LY-R cells. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
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    Oxidative activity in mitochondria isolated from rat liver at different stages of development (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 261-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: developing rats ; liver mitochondria ; respiratory rates ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the oxidative capacities in hepatic mitochondria isolated from prepubertal, young adult and adult rats (40, 90 and 180 days of age, respectively). In these rats, mitochondrial respiratory rates using FAD- and NAD-linked substrates as well as mitochondrial protein mass were measured. The results show that only the oxidative capacity of FAD-linked pathways significantly declined in mitochondria from 180-day-old rats compared with those from younger animals. When we consider FAD-linked respiration expressed per g liver, no significant difference was found among rats of different ages because of an increased mitochondrial protein mass found in 180-day-old rats. However, when FAD-linked and lipid-dependent respiratory rates were expressed per 100 g body weight, significant decreases occurred in 180-day-old rats. Therefore, the decrease in liver weight expressed per 100 g body weight rather than an impaired hepatic cellular activity may be the cause of body energy deficit in 180-day-old rats. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 23
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    Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. VI. Effect on iron-induced lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria and microsomes (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 15-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: citrinin ; mycotoxin ; mitochondria ; sub-mitochondrial particles ; microsomes ; lipid peroxidation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The inhibition by citrinin (CTN) of lipid peroxidation of mitochondria, sub-mitochondrial particles (SMP) and microsomes was studied. This effect was reversed by the presence of high concentrations of Fe3+ (0·4 and 0·5 mM), suggesting chelation of the mycotoxin with iron or interference in the reduction of Fe3+. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: Encyclopaedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine: vols 4 and 5. (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 73-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    A chemical modification of myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase with 2-(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine (activated PEG1) (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 123-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: myeloperoxidase ; lactoperoxidase ; myeloperoxidase-PEG1 ; lactoperoxidase-PEG1 ; activated PEG1 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The modification of myeloperoxidase and lactoperoxidase with 2-(O-methoxypolethylene glycol)-4, 6-dichloro-s-triazine, an activated polyethylene glycol (PEG1), was investigated. The modification caused a shift of the Soret band in the light absorption spectrum, from 430 nm to 418 nm in the case of myeloperoxidase (native ferric form), and from 412 nm to 406 nm in the case of lactoperoxidase (native ferric form). PEG1-modified myeloperoxidase and PEG1-modified lactoperoxidase both failed to bind with antiserum to the respective native enzyme, but both retained respectively 4·5±0·3 per cent (mean±SE, n=5) and 0·6±0·2 per cent (mean±SE, n=5) of the activities of peroxidation of the hydrogen donor o-methoxyphenol in comparison with the native enzyme, and 1·5±0·2 per cent (mean±SE, n=5) and 1·2±0·2 per cent (mean±SE, n=5) of the activities of destruction of fuchsin basic in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and a halide, bromide. The pH dependencies of the peroxidating activities were almost the same as those of the corresponding native enzymes, but both the optimal pHs of the reactions involving the destruction of fuchsin basic were shifted by approximately 1·0 pH unit toward neutral pH compared with the respective native enzymes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Oxidized low-density lipoprotein decreases the induced nitric oxide synthesis in rat mesangial cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: oxidized low-density lipoprotein ; nitric oxide ; mesangial cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently, the close relation between oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) and the progression of glomerular injury has been demonstrated. The nitric oxide (NO) pathway in glomerular mesangial cells may be a potential target for the adverse effects of Ox-LDL in the development of glomerular injury. In this study, we treated cultured rat mesangial cells (RMC) with Fe2+-oxidized LDL and then stimulated the cells with lipopolysacharride (LPS, 10 μg ml-1). The LPS-induced NO production, assessed by NO2- concentrations in cultured supernatants, decreased from 7·83 nmol per 106 cells in control to 4·00 nmol per 106 cells and 1·67 nmol per 106 cells in RMC preincubated with Ox-LDL at 20 μg ml-1 and 40 μg ml-1, respectively (P〈0·01). Native LDL had no significant effects on LPS-induced NO production. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, we could not detect significant alteration of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels in RMC preincubated with Ox-LDL. Our results suggest that Ox-LDL decreases induced NO production in RMC, which may contribute to the adverse effects of Ox-LDL in progressive glomerular injury. The mechanisms of this decrease may not involve changes of iNOS genic transcription. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Calcium stimulation of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in shoot apices of Spinacia oleracea during floral evocation (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ; Spinacia oleracea ; floral evocation ; Ca2+ ; quantitative cytochemistry ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The earliest biochemical marker of floral evocation in the shoot apex of S. oleracea is the doubling of the rate of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity 12-15 h after transfer of 4-week-old plants from short days to continuous light i.e. 1-2 h after the leaves are raised to the floral state. Quantitative cytochemical analysis of G6PD activity in the vegetative apices showed that addition of 10-7 M Ca2+ to the cytochemical enzyme reaction medium for G6PD activity raises the rate of enzyme activity to that seen in the induced apices. Higher concentrations of Ca2+ result in G6PD inhibition in the vegetative apices and any added Ca2+ at concentrations of 10-7 M or higher inhibit the G6PD activity seen in both the induced apices and leaf primordia of both types of apex. The addition of EGTA abolishes the cytochemical reaction. The ability of the Ca2+ to activate the G6PD activity in addition to the incubation medium occurs during the periods of 8-11 h of continuous light, but is already lost by 12 h when no change is achieved by Ca2+ treatment. This can be interpreted as indicating a point in time close to the moment of floral evocation. A model is proposed in which Ca2+ is able to activate the inactivated-G6PD molecules in the vegetative apex through increased Ca2+ flux possibly through the action of plasmalemmal Ca2+-ATPase activity as part of the floral evocation process. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Activation of bullous pemphigoid antigen gene in mouse ear epidermis by ultraviolet radiation (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 107-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: ultraviolet ; in situ hybridization ; in situ nick translation ; bullous pemphigoid ; gene activation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering disease and is a photoaggravated dermatosis, but the mechanism of the aggravation is still unknown. Since damage to DNA initiates transcription of some genes, we investigated in epidermis of mouse ears the relationship between DNA damage by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and BP antigen (BP-Ag) gene activation. For this, albino male mice were irradiated with 254 nm wavelength UV for a total dose of 500 J m-2. At fixed times (0·5, 2, 24, 48 and 72 h) post-UV irradiation, mouse ears were cut off, frozen and sectioned. In the sections, it was found that immunohistochemically detectable pyrimidine dimers were observed in nuclei of all epidermal cells at 0·5 h that were almost repaired by 72 h; a frequency of single strand breaks in DNA detected by in situ nick translation started to increase in nuclei of all epidermal cell layers at 0·5 h and the increase continued up to 24 h; mRNA for BP-Ag localized by non-radioactive in situ hybridization appeared in nuclei of basal cells at 0·5 h and in both nuclei and cytoplasm at 2 h; and immunoreactive BP-Ag started to increase in the basal cell cytoplasm and in the basement membrane zone at 2 h. BP-Ag started to accumulate in the basement membrane zone at 2 h. It is suggested that UV radiation increased BP-Ag synthesis through BP-Ag gene activation and that this reaction is a factor which aggravates BP following UV irradiation in BP patients. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The expression of α2β1 integrin and α smooth muscle actin in fibroblasts grown on collagen (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 129-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: α2β1 ; integrin ; α SM actin ; collagen lattice contraction ; fibroblasts ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The maturation of connective tissue involves the organization of collagen fibres by resident fibroblasts. Fibroblast attachment to collagen has been demonstrated to involve cell surface receptors, integrins of the β1 family. Integrins are associated with cytoplasmic actin of microfilaments either directly or through focal adhesions. The major actin isoform of fibroblast microfilaments is β actin and to a lesser extent α smooth muscle (α SM) actin. Cultured human dermal fibroblasts derived from adult dermis, newborn foreskin or keloid scar were grown on either uncoated or collagen-coated surfaces. The expression and synthesis of both α2β1 integrin and α SM actin were followed by immunohistology and immunoprecipitation. Fibroblasts on uncoated surfaces expressed little α2β1 integrin on their surface, while 20 per cent of them demonstrated α SM actin within microfilaments. Fibroblasts grown on a collagen-coated surface minimally expressed α SM actin in microfilament structures and a majority of the cells were positive for α2β1 integrin on their membranes. Using [35S]-methionine incorporation and immunoprecipitation, it was shown that fibroblasts grown in uncoated dishes synthesized more α SM actin than fibroblasts grown on collagen-coated dishes. In contrast, fibroblasts grown on collagen coated dishes synthesized more α2β1 integrin compared to the same cells grown on uncoated dishes. Fibroblasts maintained on a type I collagen upregulate the expression and synthesis of α2β1 integrin, and downregulate the expression and synthesis of α SM actin. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Content of dolichol and retinol in isolated rat non-parenchymal liver cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: dolichol ; liver non-parenchymal cells ; stellate liver cells ; vitamin A ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The liver sinusoids, that are considered as a functional unit, harbour four types of sinusoidal cells (Ito, Kupffer, endothelial and pit cells). Dolichol content has been determined in many tissues and subcellular compartments, alteration has been reported in many types of liver injury, but until now no data are available on its content in every type of sinusoidal non-parenchymal liver cells. Dolichol and retinol metabolism might intersect in their traffic in biological membranes. Intercellular as well as intracellular exchange of retinoids is an essential element of important processes occurring in liver cells. It has been suggested that the role of dolichol, besides being a carrier of oligosaccharides in the biosynthesis of N-linked glycoproteins, may be to modify membrane fluidity and permeability, and facilitate fusion of membranes. Dolichol in the membrane is intercalated between the two halves of the phospholipid bilayer, but its exact disposition is not known and the movement and distribution of retinoid in membranes may vary with the geometry of the membranes. Therefore the aim of this study is to obtain a global understanding of the sinusoidal system regarding dolichol and retinol content in each type of isolated rat liver sinusoidal cell, in normal conditions and after vitamin A administration. The information that can be drawn from the present results is that with normal vitamin A status of the animal, the dolichol content is almost uniform in all liver cells. After vitamin A supplementation, a great increase of dolichol, together with the known increase of retinol, can be measured only in a subpopulation of the Ito cells, the Ito-1 subfraction. Therefore in the cells that are present in the hepatic sinusoid, different pools of dolichol may have separate functions. Because retinol traffic among cells, membranes and plasma still remains to be fully understood, roles of dolichol in the exchange of vitamin A among sinusoidal liver cells are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    CD36 mediates binding of soluble thrombospondin-1 but not cell adhesion and haptotaxis on immobilized thrombospondin-1 (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 211-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: thrombospondin ; CD36, cell adhesion ; cell migration ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study, we examined the binding of soluble TSP1 (and ox-LDL) to CD36-transfected cells and the mechanisms by which immobilized TSP1 mediated attachment and haptotaxis (cell migration towards a substratum-bound ligand) of these transfected cells. CD36 cDNA transfection of NIH 3T3 cells clearly induced a dramatic increase in binding of both soluble [125I]-TSP1 and [125I]-ox-LDL to the surface of CD36-transfected cells, indicating that there was a gain of function with CD36 transfection in NIH 3T3 cells. Despite this gain of function, mock- and CD36-transfected NIH 3T3 cells attached and migrated to a similar extent on immobilized TSP1. An anti-TSP1 oligoclonal antibody inhibited CD36-transfected cell attachment to TSP1 while function blocking anti-CD36 antibodies, alone or in combination with heparin, did not. A series of fusion proteins encompassing cell-recognition domains of TSP1 was then used to delineate mechanisms by which NIH 3T3 cells adhere to TSP1. Although CD36 binds soluble TSP1 through a CSVTCG sequence located within type 1 repeats,18,19 CD36-transfected NIH 3T3 cells did not attach to immobilized type 1 repeats while they did adhere to the N-terminal, type 3 repeats (in an RGD-dependent manner) and the C-terminal domain of TSP1. Conversely, Bowes melanoma cells attached to type 1 repeats and the N- and C-terminal domains of TSP1. However, CD36 cDNA transfection of Bowes cells did not increase cell attachment to type 1 repeats compared to that observed with mock-transfected Bowes cells. Moreover, a function blocking anti-CSVTCG peptide antibody did not inhibit the attachment of mock- and CD36-transfected Bowes cells to type 1 repeats. It is suggested that CD36/TSP1 interaction does not occur upon cell-matrix adhesion and haptotaxis because TSP1 undergoes conformational changes that do not allow the exposure of the CD36 binding site. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Obituary. Professor Lucille Bitensky MRCP, FRCPath, D.Sc. (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 223-223 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Exercise, depletion of antioxidants and antioxidant manipulation (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: exercise ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; glutathione ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Strenuous physical activity is known to increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), associated with depletion of antioxidant defence. In the present work we evaluated the level of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant components in blood of sportsmen under resting conditions and compared the data obtained with those in age- and sex-matched sedentary controls. A significant increase was noted in the levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes while a decrease was observed in ascorbic acid and glutathione levels in sportsmen. α-Tocopherol was unaltered in plasma of sportsmen as compared to controls. The activity of superoxide dismutase was increased (52 per cent) and glutathione peroxidase was decreased (43 per cent) in the erythrocytes of sportsmen compared to controls. Basal glutathione levels were negatively correlated with conjugated dienes and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) of the subjects. Dietary supplementation with antioxidant vitamins has been shown to be beneficial in combating oxidative stress without enhancing performance while exogenous glutathione was found to influence the endurance capacity of athletes. Such studies demonstrate the critical role played by glutathione and suggest that intervention trials should include a mixture of antioxidants rather than a single antioxidant. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Alteration of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins during differentiation of chicken erythroleukemia cells (HD3) (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 277-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: HD3 cells ; differentiation ; phosphorylation/dephosphorylation ; inhibitors ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: After treatment of HD3 cells with erythroid-inducing agents (hemin and butyric acid) at 42°C, the profile of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins was altered. Upon induction the overall level of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins increased. To examine the role of protein phosphorylation in HD3 cells differentiation, the cells were treated with specific inhibitors. In the presence of okadaic acid, cell proliferation was arrested and accompanied by a marked increase in haemoglobin synthesis, a differentiation marker of erythroid cells. Okadaic acid caused decrease of the phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, presumably to maintain a balance between phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes in the cells. Addition of 3-isobutyl-l-methyl-xanthine, an activator of phosphatases, caused a decrease or disappearance of almost all phosphotyrosine-containing proteins and, at the same time, prevented the erythroid differentiation of HD3 cells. Sodium orthovanadate, a specific inhibitor of phosphotyrosine phosphatase, increased the level of phosphotyrosine proteins and induced differentiation of HD3 cells. These results indicate that phosphorylation of cellular proteins is coupled with a reaction(s) which is responsible for triggering the differentiation of HD3 cells. The phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes are associated with an early event(s) during the differentiation of HD3 cells and may not be connected to tyrosine residues. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Functional expression of basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchange from rat jejunum in Xenopus laevis oocytes (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 35-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: rat jejunum ; Cl/HCO3 exchange ; functional expression ; Xenopus laevis oocytes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Poly(A)+ RNA isolated from rat jejunum was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes and expression of Cl-/HCO3- antiport was investigated by means of 36Cl- uptake. Two days after injection of 50 ng of poly(A)+ RNA, Cl- uptake was significantly increased with respect to water-injected oocytes. The expressed transport was inhibited by 0·2 mM DIDS, whereas endogenous Cl- uptake was unaffected by this disulphonic stilbene. After sucrose density gradient fractionation, the highest expression of DIDS-sensitive Cl- uptake was detected with mRNA size fraction of about 2-4 kb in length. The expressed Cl- uptake can occur against a Cl- concentration gradient and is unaffected by the known Cl- channel blocker anthracene-9-carboxylic acid. Cl- transport mechanism has properties similar to jejunal basolateral Cl-/HCO3- exchange with regard to Na+ dependence. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: Cell Biology. D. Rickwood and J. R. Harris (Eds). Essential Techniques Series. Wiley: Chichester. 1992 pages. £16.99 ($29.95). ISBN 0-471-96315-1 (1996). (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 73-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book review: Signal Transduction in Plants. P. Aducci (Ed.). Birkhauser-Verlag: Basel. 181 pages. ISBN 3-7643-5307-4 (Basel) and 0-8176-5307-4 (Boston) (1997). (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 73-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Inositolphosphoglycans possibly mediate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on rat liver and adipose tissue (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: GLP-1 ; inositolphosphoglycans (IPGs) ; glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) ; hepatocytes ; adipocytes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Insulin-like effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide (GLP-1) in rat liver, skeletal muscle and fat, and also the presence of GLP-1 receptors in these extrapancreatic tissues, have been documented. In skeletal muscle and liver, the action of GLP-1 is not associated with an activation of adenylate cyclase, and in cultured murine myocytes and hepatoma cell lines, it was found that GLP-1 provokes the generation of inositolphosphoglycan molecules (IPGs), which are considered second messengers of insulin action. In the present work, we document in isolated normal rat adipocytes and hepatocytes that GLP-1 exerts a rapid decrease of the radiolabelled glycosylphosphatidylinositols (GPIs) - precursors of IPGs - in the same manner as insulin, indicating their hydrolysis and the immediate short-lived generation of IPGs. Thus, IPGs could be mediators in the GLP-1 actions in adipose tissue and liver, as well as in skeletal muscle, through GLP-1 receptors which are, at least functionally, different from that of the pancreatic B-cell. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Primary role of Kupffer cell-hepatocyte communication in the expression of oxidative stress in the post-ischaemic liver (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Kupffer cell function ; mitochondria ; ischaemia-reperfusion ; oxidative stress ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: It has been reported that hepatocyte metabolism and function can be modulated by the activated Kupffer cell through the release of different biomolecules like cytokines, eicosanoids, oxygen free radicals and enzymes. In relation to these paracrine factors involved in circuits of intercellular communication, the existence of a hepatic oxygen sensor located in the Kupffer cell has been postulated. According to this postulate the oxygen metabolism of the liver parenchymal cells could be under the control of the Kupffer cells.In order to study the role of the Kupffer cell in the reperfusion syndrome of the liver, a lobular ischaemia-reperfusion model was performed in rats with or without previous treatment with gadolinium chloride to block Kupffer cell function. Spontaneous chemiluminescence of the liver surface, oxygen uptake by tissue slices and tert-butyl hydroperoxide-initiated chemiluminescence determinations were performed to evaluate the oxygen metabolism and the oxy-radical generation by the liver. The lower basal photoemission, in parallel with a lower basal oxygen uptake registered in the hepatic lobes from the animals pretreated with gadolinium chloride clearly indicates that the gadolinium chloride-dependent functional inhibition of Kupffer cell leads to a downregulation of oxygen metabolism by the liver. Moreover, the intensity of oxidative stress exhibited by the postischaemic lobes appears to be closely linked with the Kupffer cell activity. On the basis of the data obtained we propose that a paracrine circuit between activated Kupffer cell and hepatocytes is an early key event in the induction of postischaemic oxidative stress in the liver. Furthermore the interference with the mitochondrial electron flow by some biomolecules released from the activated Kupffer cell, such as tumour necrosis factor, interleukins, eicosanoids, etc., would increase the rate of generation of reactive oxygen species by the inhibited mitochondrial respiratory chain. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Genomic instability associated with myotonic dystrophy does not involve p53 expression and activity (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 117-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: p53 ; myotonic dystrophy ; genomic instability ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We tested the hypothesis that the instability of the trinucleotide CTG at the myotonic dystrophy (DM) locus could be an intrinsic DNA damage recognisable by the p53 cell-cycle checkpoint system. p53 mRNA and protein levels were assayed in muscle biopsies and fibroblast cell lines of DM patients and unaffected controls. No differences in mRNA and protein levels were found between patients and controls, regardless of their expansion size. However, in the cells treated with adryamicin, p53 protein levels were comparable in DM and control cells. We conclude that the CTG trinucleotide expansion within the myotonin gene does not activate the p53 surveillance system, at least in adult tissues. The escape of trinucleotide expansion from the p53-mediated DNA repair system could explain some of the biological characteristics of genome instability. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Activation and glucagon regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) by insulin and epidermal growth factor in cultured rat and human hepatocytes (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: hepatocyte ; protein kinase ; insulin ; glucagon ; MAPK ; EGF ; epidermal growth factor ; rat ; human ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Many hepatocellular activities may be proximally regulated by intracellular signalling proteins including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK). In this study, signalling events from epidermal growth factor (EGF) and insulin were examined in primary cultured human and rat hepatocytes. Using Western immunoblots, rat and human hepatocytes were found to produce a rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor and MAPK following 0·5-1 min exposure to EGF. Phosphorylation of p42 and p44 MAPK was observed following 2·5 min exposure to EGF. Insulin treatment produced phosphorylation of the insulin receptor β subunit; shc phosphorylation was not observed. MAPK phosphorylation corresponded with a shift in molecular weight and an increase in kinase activity. Insulin-dependent activation of MAPK was unequivocally observed only in human hepatocytes, though a slight activation was detected in rat. Co-treatment with insulin and EGF produced phosphorylation and complete electrophoretic shift in molecular weight of MAPK, with an additive or synergistic increase in enzyme activity in rat but not human hepatocytes; human hepatocyte MAPK was maximally stimulated by EGF alone. Glucagon pretreatment blocked phosphorylation, gel mobility shift and kinase activity of MAPK induced by insulin but only partially blocked EGF-induced MAPK activation in human hepatocytes. Glucagon also reduced the activation of MAPK by EGF in rat hepatocytes. Pre-treatments with forskolin or cyclic AMP analogues diminished in the insulin-, EGF- and insulin plus EGF-dependent activation of MAPK in rat hepatocytes without effecting phosphorylation of receptors or MAPK. These results indicate that although EGF and insulin may both signal through the MAPK/ras/raf/MAPK pathway, the response for MAPK differs between these ligands and between species. Further, in both rat and human, glucagon exerts its effects through a cyclic AMP-dependent mechanism at a level in the insulin and EGF signal transduction pathways downstream of MAPK but promixal to MAPK. The partial inhibition of EGF-induced MAPK phosphorylation by glucagon in human hepatocytes provides further evidence for a raf-1-independent pathway for activation of MAPK. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Inhibition of bFGF activity by complement C1s: covalent binding of C1s with bFGF (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 159-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: bFGF ; complement C1s ; HUVEC ; covalent binding ; growth inhibition ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The first complement component C1s formed large aggregates with bFGF when bFGF and C1s were incubated at 37°C overnight. Under non-reducing conditions, a part of the aggregates did not penetrate into 5% polyacrylamide gel in the presence of SDS, and the rest penetrated into 5% gel but not into 12% gel. The aggregates were dissociated into monomers by reducing with 2-mercaptoethanol. Both active and inactive C1s formed aggregates with bFGF. In addition, a portion of bFGF was degraded by active C1s but not by inactive C1s. Aggregates were not formed when 2-mercaptoethanol (2 mM&base;) was added to the incubation mixture. After the incubation with C1s the growth-stimulating activity of bFGF was measured by using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) as indicator cells. The aggregate formation between C1s and bFGF significantly reduced the activity of bFGF. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Failure of streptozotocin tetraacetate to undergo extensive hydrolysis and to inhibit D-glucose metabolism and insulinotropic action in rat pancreatic islets (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 233-237 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: streptozotocin (tetraacetate) ; pancreatic islets ; insulin secretion ; glucose metabolism ; esterase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The esterification of several monosaccharides, such as D-glucose, D-mannoheptulose and 2-deoxy-D-glucose was recently reported to increase their biological efficiency as either nutrient or antimetabolic agent. In the present study, however, the tetraacetate ester of streptozotocin was unexpectedly found to be less potent than unesterified streptozotocin in inhibiting D-glucose metabolism and insulinotropic action in isolated rat pancreatic islets. This coincided with a much lower rate for the hydrolysis of streptozotocin tetraacetate than D-glucose pentaacetate in islet homogenates. These findings document that the esterification of single sugars is not always a successful procedure to enhance their biological potency, for instance because of too low a rate for the intracellular hydrolysis of the ester. To the extent that the activity of the concerned esterase(s) may differ in distinct cell types, as suggested by a prior observation, advantage could be taken of such a situation to target selected esters towards specific, e.g. tumoural cells. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Methotrexate: pentose cycle and oxidative stress (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 283-293 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: HeLa cells ; methotrexate ; antineoplastic drug ; leucovorin ; pentose cycle ; glutathione reductase ; γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase ; catalase ; superoxide dismutase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of methotrexate (MTX) and leucovorin (LCV) on pentose cycle enzymes and the activity of enzymes involved in enzyme defence mechanisms against ROS in HeLa cells, were studied. The effect of MTX was also investigated on the cellular levels of glutathione. MTX inhibited the activity of glucose-6-phosphate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases. The activities of glutathione reductase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase were also inhibited by the drug. No effect was observed on the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase or transketolase. LCV had no effect on any of the enzymes studied. MTX decreased the cellular levels of glutathione (70 per cent), while the presence of LCV and glutamine did not interfere with the effect of MTX. The net results appear to show that the biological situation resulting from treatment with MTX leads to a reduction of effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme defence system. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The effects of cadmium exposure on the cytology and function of primary cultures from rainbow trout (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 1-13 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: apoptosis ; cadmium ; cytotoxicity ; epithelial cells ; explants ; rainbow trout ; serum-free medium ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cultured epidermal cells from explants of skin of rainbow trout were used to study the cytological and functional changes following sublethal exposure to cadmium stress. The aim was to develop diagnostic markers for ecotoxicology. Cultures were exposed to the pollutant for 48 h. Cell structural and cytological changes were established by light and electron microscopy. Metabolic alterations were detected by immunohistochemistry. The relation between the initiation of cellular alterations and cadmium concentrations was compared in cultures exposed in commercially-available serum-free and serum-containing medium. The expression of stress proteins (metallothionein and heat shock protein) was also studied. Rainbow trout epithelial cells exposed to cadmium showed typical morphological changes indicative of cell death by apoptosis. Sublethal exposure also resulted in cellular metabolic disturbances with increased deposits of glycogen. Increased melanization was also observed. These changes appeared at lower concentrations of cadmium when cells were exposed in serum-free media than in serum-containing media. Cadmium induced the expression of heat shock proteins but not of metallothioneins. The results broadly confirm in vivo findings for cadmium toxicity and suggest that this in vitro technique may have applications in aquatic toxicology. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Percentage of phagocytosis, production of O2·-, H2O2 and NO, and antioxidant enzyme activities of rat neutrophils in culture (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 16 (1998), S. 43-49 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: neutrophils ; reactive species of oxygen ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase and peroxidase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the integrity, ultrastructure, phagocytosis capacity, and production of H2O2, O2· -and NO2- were evaluated in cultured neutrophils. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase - CAT, superoxide dismutase - SOD and glutathione-dependent peroxidase - GSH-Px) were measured under similar conditions. The integrity of the cells remained unchanged up to 18 h. After 24 h, the number of viable cells in culture dropped by 16 per cent. The percentage of viable cells in culture was of 72 per cent even after 72 h. An ultrastructural analysis of the cells was carried out after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h in culture. Neutrophils started developing morphologic changes after 24 h: decreased cell volume, abundant vacuoles (mainly around the nucleus), and also the presence of autophagic vacuoles. This period was then chosen for the study of neutrophil function and antioxidant enzyme activities. Neutrophils cultured for 24 h presented reduced phagocytosis capacity. The rates of production of H2O2 and O2· - remained unchanged after 24 h in culture. Concomitantly, these cells were also able to produce NO in significant amounts. The production of O2·- in response to PMA stimulus was lowered in 24-h cultured cells. Possibly, the production of oxygen and nitrogen reactive species accomplished with a decrease in the activities of CAT and GSH-Px play a key role for the process of apoptosis which takes place in neutrophils under these conditions. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effects of retinoids on the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide by lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat Kupffer cells in vitro: evidence for participation of retinoid X receptor signalling pathway (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 95-101 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: retinoid ; Kupffer cell ; RARs ; RXRs ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Kupffer cells play important roles in the development of liver injury by producing cytokines and free radicals. In consequence inhibition of these inflammatory mediators will be one of the targets for treating liver diseases. Retinoids modulate a wide variety of functions of monocytes/macrophages. Cellular effects of retinoids are mediated by two families of nuclear receptors, retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We examined the effects of several kinds of natural and synthetic retinoids on the production of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and nitric oxide (NO) by LPS-stimulated rat Kupffer cells in vitro. Of the various retinoids tested, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) and Ro 13-6307, which are agonists of both RARs and RXRs, suppressed the production of TNF-α and NO in a concentration-dependent fashion, whereas three types of RAR-selective agonists, Ro 13-7410, Ro 40-6055 and Ro 19-0645 did not show any effect. Furthermore, the RARα antagonist, Ro 41-5253, did not prevent the effects induced by 9-cis-RA. The results suggest that these effects of 9-cis RA and Ro 13-6307 were induced by the RXRs-dependent signalling pathway. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of amiodarone (AMD) on the antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial metabolism (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 145-152 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: antiarrhythmic drug ; liver mitochondria ; lipid peroxidation ; iron-induced lipid peroxidation ; Knobeloch classification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of amiodarone (AMD) on lipid peroxidation of rat liver mitochondria, the formation of superoxide anions at the respiratory chain level, and the cytosolic and mitochondrial enzymatic protective mechanisms of oxidative stress were studied. An attempt to classify AMD according to its toxic ability to interfere with the integrated function of electron transport enzymes was also investigated. The results confirm the effects of AMD on complex I and permit the placing of this drug in class A of the classification of Knobeloch, together with rotenone, amytal and chaotropic agents. AMD has no effect on the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase, nor on glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase. AMD did not promote an increase in the formation of anion superoxide at the respiratory chain level. Pre-incubation with AMD (16·6 μM) inhibited about 70 per cent of lipid peroxidation. The results suggest a protective effect of AMD against lipid peroxidation in mitochondrial membranes by iron-dependent systems. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of lipid composition on rat liver nuclear membrane fluidity (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 181-190 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: nuclear membranes ; fluidity ; phospholipids ; cholesterol ; fluorescent probes ; liver nuclei ; fatty acids ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Nuclear membrane fluidity is measured in rat liver by use of the fluorescence anisotropy of two probes: diphenylhexatriene and its cationic derivative trimethylammonium-diphenylhexatriene. It has been shown that, in 2-month-old rat liver cells, the bilayer surface is less fluid than the hydrophobic core. The fluidity was higher in 6-day-old rat liver nuclei, in which both the amount of cholesterol and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio decreased. The influence of the single phospholipids, and in particular of phosphatidylcholine, has been studied by increasing the phosphatidylcholine with a choline base exchange reaction in isolated nuclear membranes. After this reaction, the fluorescence anisotropy of the bilayer surface increased, whereas at the hydrophobic core it decreased. Analysis of fatty acid composition shows an increase of phosphatidylcholine unsaturated fatty acids. The results show that the fluidity of nuclear membranes changes in relation to the lipid content and to the fatty acid composition. The role of nuclear membrane fluidity in cell function is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Inhibition of human tumour cell proliferation by analogues of adenosine (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 135-139 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: adenosine analogues ; tumour ; proliferation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of adenosine and several structural analogues of adenosine upon thymidine incorporation into human tumour cells and rat cervical lymphocytes were investigated. The analogue NECA, which has equal specificity for the A1 and A2 receptor, had the most inhibitory effect on lymphocyte proliferation while the A1 agonists had limited effects, suggesting that these cells possess principally A2 adenosine receptors. In the case of human tumour cells, however, the most inhibitory effect on proliferation was obtained with the A1-specific analogues. The general order of inhibitory effects of adenosine analogues on thymidine incorporation in human tumour cells was: S-ENBA〉CPA=R-PIA〉S-PIA〉NECA. These findings suggest that in the cells presently studied the A1 adenosine receptor predominates. Removal of exogenous adenosine by growth in the presence of adenosine deaminase inhibited thymidine incorporation. The effect of adenosine removal lends further support to the proposal that adenosine has some, as yet unidentified, regulatory role in the control of human tumour cell proliferation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Phenotype expression of human bone cells cultured on implant substrates (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 163-170 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: titanium coated with plasma spray or hydroxyapatite ; cell proliferation ; glycosaminoglycans ; human bone cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Bone cells derived from the human jaw were cultured on titanium, titanium coated with hydroxyapatite (THA) or with plasma spray (TPS) to study the behaviour of the cells anchored to implant substrates. Bone cells were cultured in MEM with the addition of [3H]-thymidine to evaluate cellular proliferation, and [3H]-glucosamine to evaluate GAG synthesis and accumulation in the extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Moreover, to study the degradation of GAG bone cells were cultured in the presence of NH4Cl, an amine known to inhibit lysosomal activity. Our results show that TPS is the substrate that favours both cellular proliferation and the accumulation of GAG in the ECM. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Apomorphine inhibits the growth-stimulating effect of retinal pigment epithelium on scleral cells in vitro (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 191-196 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: myopia ; apomorphine ; retinal pigment epithelium ; scleral chondrocytes ; dopamine receptor ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Visual deprivation of the chicken eye causes axial elongation with high myopia. The cartilaginous layer of the myopic sclera shows an increase of mitotic activity. Previous studies reported that the in vivo administration of apomorphine, a dopamine nonselective agonist, effectively prevents visual-deprivation myopia. Because the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) regulates growth of the sclera as we and others have shown previously, it is speculated that the RPE cells may play an important role in this preventive effect of apomorphine. In this study, to clarify the mechanism by which the administration of apomorphine inhibits the proliferation of scleral chondrocytes in vivo, we have investigated the effect of apomorphine on the proliferation of scleral chondrocytes with or without co-cultured RPE cells in vitro. We previously demonstrated that cell proliferation of scleral chondrocytes remarkably increases with co-cultured RPE cells. In this study, we found that apomorphine at concentrations of higher than 2×10-5 M dramatically reduced the growth-stimulatory effect of RPE cells on the scleral chondrocytes, whereas the inhibitory effect of apomorphine on the proliferation of scleral chondrocytes without RPE cells was very little. Our results strongly suggest that apomorphine may reduce the production and/or release of some humoral factors from RPE cells, which stimulate the growth of scleral cells. There is also a possibility that apomorphine reduces the reactivity of scleral cells to the humoral factors released from RPE cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Modification of swelling-contraction-aggregation processes in rat muscle mitochondria by the 1,4-dihydropyridines, cerebrocrast and glutapyrone, themselves and in the presence of azidothymidine (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 211-220 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: 1,4-dihydropyridines ; cerebrocrast ; glutapyrone ; azidothymidine (AZT) ; rat muscle mitochondria ; substrate oxidation ; oxidative phosphorylation ; high-amplitude swelling-contraction-aggregation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The influence of the 1,4-dihydropyridines (DHPs), water-soluble glutapyrone available as sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of 2-(2,6-dimethyl-3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-DHP-4-carboxamide)glutaric acid, from one side, and a lipophylic cerebrocrast, 2-propoxyethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-difluoromethoxyphenyl)-1,4-DHP-3,5-dicarboxylate, from the other side, on partially damaged mitochondria of the Wistar rat hindlimb muscle was also studied. The following tests were made: (1) rates of endogenous respiration and substrate (succinate) oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation; (2) rates and amplitudes of high-amplitude swelling and contraction after the addition of ATP, ADP and succinate to the previously swollen mitochondria and (3) rate of reversible self-aggregation of mitochondria isolated in salt media after ATP-induced contraction without and in the presence of azidothymidine (AZT). Cerebrocrast (10-100 μM) partially normalized the endogenous respiration rate and slightly augmented the respiration rate after the addition of succinate and to lesser extent ADP. Cerebrocrast in a concentration-dependent manner (2·5-50 μM) increased (two-fold at 20-50 μM) the active contraction amplitude of swollen mitochondria, induced by single or repeated additions of ATP. The influence of cerebrocrast on the ADP- and succinate-induced contractions was less obvious. Unlike cerebrocrast glutapyrone caused a reduction of the ATP-induced contraction amplitude (two-fold at 0·5-5·0 mM), not impairing the mitochondrial contraction ability in response to ATP or succinate. Pre-exposure to 2·5 mM glutapyrone resulted in at least a 10-fold inhibition of the reversible aggregation rate in the presence of 99 and 198 μM AZT. The results suggest the usefulness of further study of cerebrocrast and glutapyrone in preventing AZT-induced and some other mitochondrial myopathies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Introducing specific antibodies into electropermeabilized cells is a valuable tool for eliminating specific cell functions (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 127-134 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: cell electropermeabilization ; antibodies ; elimination of function ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A technique is established for the role of intracellular proteins to be eliminated and thereby gives information about their specific role in signal transduction within cells. Rat pancreatic islets as well as INS-1 cells (an insulin secreting cell line) were electrically permeabilized in order to introduce high molecular weight compounds. Optimized conditions were five exposures with 15-s intervals, τ=200 ms, an electric field of 1·36 kV per 0·4 cm in a specific permeabilization buffer at a calculated Ca++ concentration of 5×10-8 M. In electroporation control experiments the spectrophotometrically measured uptake of the cell membrane-impermeable propidium iodide, FITC-labelled dextran (MW∼4000) and FITC-labelled antibodies (MW∼150,000) was established as being 81·5±5·0, 82·7±3·0 and 81·0±1·0 per cent of maximum, respectively. These data were corroborated qualitatively by visualizing microscopically the fluorescence of the FITC-labelled compounds in islets as well as in INS-1 cells. The cells appear to reseal since control experiments indicated a short-lived outflow of lactate dehydrogenase (MW of 140,000 which is similar to that of antibodies) and of insulin for the first 15-20 min. After electroporation the cells were functionally intact, i.e. responded to the stimulus carbachol (CCh). Only 18·0±10·1 per cent of cells had not resealed after 2 h (propidium iodide uptake measured at various time intervals after electroporation). As was shown recently the effect of specific compounds such as CCh and CCK8 on insulin release was eliminated selectively by antibodies against specific G proteins thus proving this method to be a valuable tool. In conclusion, adding antibodies to electrically permeabilized cells is a valuable tool for eliminating a specific cell function in order to elucidate the specific role of intracellular compounds. This method can probably be used for testing the specific role of other proteins in cell functions. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Apoptotic DNA fragmentation, and its in vitro prevention by nicotinamide, in lymphocytes from HIV-1-seropositive patients and in HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 171-179 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: HIV ; AIDS ; apoptosis ; nicotinamide ; lymphocytes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Apoptosis seems to play an important role in the decline of CD4+ T-cells in patients infected with HIV-1. Moreover, extensive interest in apoptosis comes from the observation that it correlates both with the progression and the severity of HIV-1 infection. A cross-sectional study was made to evaluate whether such correlation may also extend to the early phases of ex vivo apoptosis, after 20 h of culture. DNA fragmentation, a parameter associated with apoptosis, was evaluated with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) technique, which preferentially labels apoptosis in comparison to necrosis. The results obtained indicate that a negative correlation exists between the proportion of lymphocytes exhibiting DNA strand breaks and the absolute number of CD4+ T-cells per &μl. DNA fragmentation was significantly higher in patients with AIDS or advanced HIV-1 infection as compared to asymptomatic patients or seronegative individuals. No significant difference was found in relation to antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, the addition of nicotinamide to the cultures significantly reduced DNA fragmentation of both in vitro HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells and lymphocytes from six HIV-1-seropositive individuals. The results of this study confirm that DNA fragmentation, as an early marker of apoptosis, correlates with the severity of HIV-1 infection and suggest that nicotinamide may be involved in the modulation of HIV-1-related apoptosis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Mechanism of citrinin-induced dysfunction of mitochondria. V. Effect on the homeostasis of the reactive oxygen species (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 203-209 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: citrinin ; mycotoxin ; rat liver mitochondria ; superoxide dismutase ; catalase ; glutathione reductase ; glutathione peroxidase ; transhydrogenase ; superoxide anion ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of citrinin in the maintenance of the homeostasis of the reactive oxygen species in rat liver cells were evaluated. Citrinin (CTN) modifies the antioxidant enzymatic defences of cells through the inhibition of GSSG-reductase and transhydrogenase. No effect was observed on GSH-peroxidase, catalase, glucose 6-phosphate and 6 phosphogluconate dehydrogenases, and superoxide dismutase. The mycotoxin increased the generation of reactive oxygen species, stimulating the production of the superoxide anion in the respiratory chain. The results suggest that oxidative stress is an important mechanism, side by side with other effects previously shown, in the establishment of the cytotoxicity and cellular death provoked by CTN in several tissues. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Polyamine metabolism in various tissues during pathogenesis of chloroquine-susceptible and resistant malaria (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 229-235 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: malaria ; Plasmodium berghei ; polyamines ; chloroquine ; resistance ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The pathophysiological impact of infections with chloroquine-susceptible (CQS) and chloroquine-resistant (CQR) strains of Plasmodium berghei in Mastomys natalensis was studied with respect to changes in polyamine profiles in various tissues. Both CQS and CQR infections produced similar changes in polyamine profiles of various tissues. Maximum increase was recorded in spleen followed by liver and lungs. Renal, cardiac and cerebral tissues did not register significant changes. An increase in spermidine level was more prominent as compared to putrescine and spermine, leading to an overall increase in spermidine/spermine ratio. This ratio is an important index of cellular proliferation. Liver did not show considerable change in the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase, the regulatory enzymes of the polyamine biosynthetic pathway. Spleen however, registered marked induction of both the enzymes which was more prominent in the CQS infection than CQR. Normal erythrocytes contained traces of polyamine while the erythrocytes loaded with P. berghei parasites exhibited appreciably higher polyamine levels. Spermidine was detected in about five-fold higher concentrations than putrescine and spermine which were detected in equimolar levels. Again, CQS as well as CQR P. berghei, exhibited qualitatively and quantitatively similar polyamine profiles thus ruling out a role of polyamines in CQ-resistance in malaria. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: Human chromosome preparation. D. E. Rooney and B. H. Czepulkowski. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. £16.99. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 299-299 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Book Review: Molecular Biology and Biotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference: R. A. Meyers (Ed.). VCH Publishers (UK) Ltd., Cambridge. xxxviii + 1034 pages, DM235 (1995). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 61-61 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Book Review: Alpha-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase Complexes. M.S. Patel, T.E. Roche and R.A. Harris (Eds). Molecular and Cell Biology Updates, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Boston, Berlin. viii + 321 pages, Hardback DM188 (1996) (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 62-62 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Book Review: Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology and Molecular Medicine: Volume 1: R.A. Meyers (Ed.). VCH: Weinheim, New York, Basel, Cambridge, Tokyo. xiii + 462 pages. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 63-63 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Book Review: Nucleic Acid Hybridization: P.M. Gilmartin, Essential Data Series, D. Rickwood and B.D. Hames (Eds). John Wiley: Chichester, Sussex, U.K. xiv + 135 pages, £12.95 (1996). ISBN 0 471 95084 X. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 64-65 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    The Effect In vitro of High-Density Lipoprotein from Healthy and Infected Humans on the Oxidative Metabolism of Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 39-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: HDL ; PMN oxidative burst ; PMN chemiluminescence ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We studied the effects in vitro of high-density lipoprotein from healthy (N-HDL) and from infected humans (AP-HDL) on the oxidative metabolism of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Products of the H2O2-MPO-halide system were monitored by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide anion formation was monitored by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence during stimulation of human PMN with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or an opsonized stimulus (OS). The results showed that N-HDL and AP-HDL affect the oxidative metabolism of PMN in different ways. The posible role of this effect is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Involvement of Polyamines in the Action of Transforming Growth Factor β and Interleukin-1 on Cultured Chick Embryo Fibroblasts (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 47-51 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: fibroblasts ; TGFβ ; IL-1 ; cell growth ; polyamines ; ODC ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study we have examined the relationship between growth factor-induced proliferation and ODC/polyamine levels. TGFβ promotes cell growth and enhances [3H]-thymidine incorporation in chick embryo fibroblasts maintained in a serum-depleted medium. The action on DNA synthesis declines in the second day of treatment. IL-1 does not affect proliferation or [3H]-thymidine incorporation either when it is added alone or in combination with TGFβ. The response of the cells to TGFβ is associated with a significant stimulation of ODC activity and Put, Spd levels together with an enhancement of the Spd/polyamines ratio. IL-1, which does not act on cell proliferation, fails to activate ODC and to increase polyamine levels, thus indicating that the ODC/polyamine system is most likely to be an important link in the chain of events that leads to growth factor-induced proliferation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Rapid induction of Fas antigen mRNA expression in vivo by cycloheximide (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Fas antigen ; cycloheximide ; expression ; lipopolysaccharide ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of administration into rats of cycloheximide on the expression of genes, such as tissue transglutaminase, testosterone-repressed prostate message-2, Fas antigen, bcl-2, DNase I, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, which were believed to be involved in the mechanism of apoptosis, was studied. While the effect of cycloheximide on the expression of genes other than Fas antigen was modest, only the expression of Fas antigen was elevated rapidly in most of the organs examined. A possible direct effect of cycloheximide on cells per se to induce Fas antigen mRNA expression was demonstrated by the tissue culture study using L929 fibroblast cells, although the magnitude of the induction detected in vitro was small compared with that in vivo. This induction of Fas antigen mRNA by cycloheximide is a first report on the modulation of Fas antigen mRNA expression in vivo. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of adrenaline on lymphocyte metabolism and function. A mechanism involving cAMP and hydrogen peroxide (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 103-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: adrenaline ; lymphocyte ; cAMP ; proliferation ; glucose ; glutamine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study examined the effect of adrenaline on lymphocyte metabolism and function. The following parameters were addressed: cell proliferation, glucose and glutamine metabolism as indicated by the measurement of enzyme activities, the utilization of metabolites and production and oxidation of substrates. We also evaluated the involvement of beta-receptors in this response as well as the possible effect of cAMP and hydrogen peroxide in the process of lymphocyte activation by adrenaline. The results indicated that adrenaline is able to induce metabolic changes in lymphocytes that are related to enhanced proliferative capacity, but under physiological conditions fails to initiate the process, the catecholamine could, increase cell proliferation via increased production of H2O2 by macrophages, since this reactive oxygen intermediate can act as a trigger for lymphocyte activation. The results also showed that distinct populations of lymphocytes present different responses to adrenaline activation, as demonstrated by cells obtained from the same site but exposed to different mitogens such as LPS and ConA. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The effects of selenium, vitamin E and their combination on the composition of fatty acids and proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 265-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: selenium ; vitamin E ; fatty acids ; proteins ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The aim of our studies was to test the effect and role of vitamin E and selenium supplements on yeast cell. In this study, the effects of selenium (Se), vitamin E (Vit. E), and their combination (Se plus Vit. E) on the composition of fatty acids and proteins were examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains WET136 and 522. S. cerevisiae cells were grown up in YEPD medium supplemented with Se, Vit. E or their combination. It was found that the level of stearic acid was increased in all supplemented groups (p〈0·05; p〈0·001). The content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was decreased (p〈0·05; p〈0·01; p〈0·001) in Vit. E and Vit. E plus Se supplemented S. cerevisiae. On the other hand, Se alone caused an increase (p〈0·001) in the saturated fatty acids but a decrease (p〈0·05; p〈0·001) in the unsaturated fatty acids. Total proteins in S. cerevisiae were significantly increased (p〈0·001) by Vit. E supplement. There was no significant change observed in S. cerevisiae supplemented with Se. These findings indicate that membrane composition of S. cerevisiae is affected by both Vit. E and Se supplements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Gonadectomy impairs lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function in male and female rats. Correlation with key enzyme activities of glucose and glutamine metabolism (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: sex steroid hormones ; macrophages ; lymphocytes ; glucose and glutamine ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of gonadectomy on lymphocyte proliferation and macrophage function (hydrogen peroxide production and phagocytosis capacity) of male and female rats was examined and the results correlated with the activities of hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase and phosphate-dependent glutaminase. Also, the reversion of the changes by the treatment with oestrogen or progesterone or a combination of both was addressed. Taken as a whole, ovariectomy reduced hydrogen peroxide production and phagocytosis capacity by macrophages and also lymphocyte proliferation. Castration of male rats reduced the proliferation of lymphocytes and raised macrophage phagocytosis capacity. The effects on macrophage function were correlated with changes in glucose metabolism, particularly, in the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book Review: Cell Physiology: Source Book: N. Sperelakis (Ed.). Academic Press: New York and London. xv + 738 pages, $49.95 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 64-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Decreased Cell Surface Charge in Cystic Fibrosis Epithelia (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: surface charge ; surface potential ; cystic fibrosis ; epithelia ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A colloid titration technique has been used to determine the surface charge of cystic fibrosis (CF) and corresponding non-CF epithelial cells. We have shown that the negative surface charge of CF epithelial cells is significantly reduced in comparison with non-CF cells. This fact may play an important role in CF, where the increased adherence of microorganisms is known to cause chronic lung infection. Neuraminidase treatment removed approximately the same amount of surface charge in both cell lines, indicating no differences in cell surface sialylation. Similar results were obtained by direct measurements of the amount of N-acetylneuraminic acid released by neuraminidase. Therefore, our results indicate that sialic acid residues are not involved in the reduction of the negative surface charge in CF. This conclusion does not support the hypothesis that undersialylation of cell-membrane molecules occurs in cystic fibrosis. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review. Protein folding. C. M. Dobson and A. R. Fersht (Eds). Royal Society Press. 119 pages, £19.95 (1996). ISBN 0521 576369. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 141-141 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Book review: Lysozymes: model enzymes in biochemistry and biology. P. Jollès (Ed.). Birkhaüser Verlag, Basel. viii + 469 pages, SFr198 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 142-143 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Temperature dependency of calcium responses in mammary tumour cells (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 113-117 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: calcium response ; mammary cell ; ATP ; bradykinin ; fluo-3 ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes of intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) induced by the extracellular application of ATP and bradykinin in mouse mammary tumour cells (MMT060562) were investigated by image analysis of fluo-3 fluorescence at 24°C and 35°C. ATP (0·1-100 μM) and bradykinin (0·1 nM-1 μM) induced the increase of [Ca2+]i at both temperatures and Ca2+-depletion did not affect these [Ca2+]i responses. Both [Ca2+]i responses became more sensitive at 35°C than at 24°C. A clear latency of [Ca2+]i increased after the application of the agonists was observed, and it changed with the concentration of the agonist. As concentrations of ATP or bradykinin became lower, the latency and rise time became longer. At higher concentrations, the latency and rise time approached a constant value. The latency shortened remarkably at 35°C. These results suggested the involvement of a regenerative or threshold process in the [Ca2+]i responses in mammary tumour cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Phospholipase D Activity in the Tetrahymena pyriformis GL (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 53-60 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Tetrahymena ; phospholipase D ; protozoa ; signalling ; evolution ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phospholipase D (PLD) is an enzyme which participates in the signalling mechanism cleaving phosphatidylcholine (PC) to choline and phosphatidic acid (PA). In Tetrahymena pyriformis GL this enzyme activity is enhanced by different kinds of agonists (sodium orthovanadate, sodium fluoride and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), and its activity can be inhibited by inhibitors such as pertussis toxin, calphostin C, genistein, trifluoperazine. These results suggest that the PLD signalling pathway is connected with the tyrosine kinase, phospholipase C, phosphatidylinositol and G-protein coupled signalling pathways. By demonstrating the PLD activity in Tetrahymena our knowledge on the signalling mechanisms at a unicellular level has been extended. The results support our view that most transducing mechanisms that are characteristic of mammalian cells are also in the protozoan Tetrahymena. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Transport, metabolism and distribution space of octanoate in the perfused rat liver (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 69-80 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: octanoate ; liver ; transport ; metabolism ; distribution ; multiple-indicator dilution ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The scope of the present work was to investigate the metabolism and the passage of octanoate from albumin into the phospholipid bilayer of the plasma membrane and from thence into the cell space. The experiments were done in the isolated perfused rat liver with infusions of albumin and octanoate at various concentrations. Once steady-state conditions were attained, trace amounts of [1-14C]-octanoate, [131I]-albumin and [3H]-water were injected simultaneously and the effluent perfusate was fractionated. The normalized dilution curves were used for model analysis. The model which gives the best fit to the experimental results and which also produces the most consistent parameters is one that presupposes a rapid distribution of octanoate into the cell membrane and a slow transfer from the cell membrane into the cytosol. The concentration dependence of the distribution between the membrane and the extracellular space is parabolic, suggesting that octanoate changes the properties of the cell membrane when present at higher concentrations. The passage from the cell membrane into the cell space is relatively slow and limits metabolic transformation partly or totally, depending on the octanoate concentration in the plasma membrane. The rapid transfer of octanoate from the albumin space into the plasma membrane corroborates previous measurements of the dissociation of the albumin-octanoate complex. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: Cytokinesis in animal cells. R. Rappaport. Cambridge University Press. xii + 386 pages (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 299-300 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book Review: Understanding Medications: Alfred Burger. American Chemical Society, Washington. xiv +206 pages, $39.95 (1995). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 61-62 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Erythrocyte Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidants in Gastric Cancer Patients (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 15-18 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: gastric cancer ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants ; erythrocytes ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The present study has analysed the relationship between lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in erythrocytes from 24 adult male gastic cancer patients and an equal number of age- and sex-matched normal subjects. Erythrocyte lipid peroxidation was markedly increased. Both enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were decreased in erythrocytes of gastric cancer patients. The present study highlights the occurrence of lipid peroxidation and possible breakdown of antioxidant status in patients with gastric carcinoma. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book Review: Studies in Viable Cell Immobilisation: Colin Webb and George A. Dervakos. Academic Press: New York. 193 pages, $69.95 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 63-63 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
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    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book Review: Culture of Immortalized Cells: R.J. Freshney and Mary G. Freshney (Eds). Wiley-Liss: Chichester. xviii + 389 pages, £40.00 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 65-65 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Free Radical Scavenging and Antioxidative Properties of ‘Silibin’ Complexes on Microsomal Lipid Peroxidation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 27-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: silibin ; lipid oxidation ; antioxidant ; flavonoid ; free radicals ; scavenger ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The antioxidant properties of silibin complexes, the water-soluble form silibin dihemisuccinate (SDH), and the lipid-soluble form, silibin phosphatidylcholine complex known as IdB 1016, were evaluated by studying their abilities to react with the superoxide radical anion (O2.-), and the hydroxyl radical (OH.). In addition, their effect on pulmonary and hepatic microsomal lipid peroxidation had been investigated. Superoxide radicals were generated by the PMS-NADH system and measured by their ability to reduce NBT. IC50 concentrations for the inhibition of the NBT reduction by SDH and IdB 1016 were found to be 25 μM and 316 μM respectively. Both silibin complexes had an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity. SDH reacted rapidly with OH. radicals at approximately diffusion controlled rate and the rate constant was found to be (K=8·2×109 M-1 s-1); it appeared to chelate Fe2+ in solution.In hepatic microsomes, when lipid peroxidation was induced by Fe2+, SDH inhibited by 39·5 per cent and IdB 1016 by 19·5 per cent, whereas when lipid peroxidation was induced by CuOOH, IdB 1016 exerted a better protective effect than SDH (29·4 per cent and 19·4 per cent inhibition, respectively). In both microsomal systems lipid peroxidation proceeded through a thiol depletion mechanism which could be restored in the presence of silibin complexes. Low levels of lipid peroxidation in pulmonary microsomes point out the differences between in-vitro lipid peroxidation occurring in microsomes of different tissues.The results support the free radical scavenger and antioxidative properties of silibin when it is complexed with a suitable molecule to increase its bioavailabilty. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    High glucose-induced growth factor resistance in human fibroblasts can be reversed by antioxidants and protein kinase C-inhibitors (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 197-201 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: glucose ; fibroblasts ; growth factors ; antioxidants ; protein kinase C inhibitors ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the influence of high glucose on basal fibroblast proliferation, growth factor induced cellular proliferation and the effects of antioxidants, protein kinase C-inhibitors and troglitazone. Fibroblast cultures were obtained from five patients undergoing mammary reduction plastic surgery. A fluorometric method was used for determining total DNA in the cell samples, DNA content being proportional to cell number. D-Glucose at 15·5 mM and above was shown to inhibit fibroblast proliferation, and the cells were resistant to growth factors such as IGF-I and EGF at this glucose concentration. H7, bisindolylmaleimide IX, troglitazone, α-tocopherol acetate, Q10, ascorbic acid, β-carotene, DMTU and selenite were all found to reverse the high glucose-induced growth factor resistance observed in human fibroblasts. We believe that these findings may be of value in the understanding and future treatment of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Non-functional role of syntaxin 2 in insulin exocytosis by pancreatic β cells (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 237-242 
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    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: syntaxin ; epimorphin ; exocytosis ; insulinoma ; insulin release ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed in order to examine the expression and functional role of syntaxin 2/epimorphin in pancreatic β cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that syntaxin 2 mRNA was able to be detected in mouse βTC3 cells, but not in isolated mouse islets. In agreement with this result, immunoblot analysis detected an appreciable amount of syntaxin 2 protein in βTC3 cells, but not in mouse islets. Immunohistochemistry of the mouse pancreas demonstrated that syntaxin 2 was little evident in islet cells of Langerhans, and somewhat predominant in exocrine tissues. In order to examine whether syntaxin 2 is anchored to cell surfaces in βTC3 cells, living cells were incubated with a monoclonal antibody against syntaxin 2 (MC-1). The antibody bound to their surfaces, indicating that syntaxin 2 was localized on cell surfaces. The addition of MC-1 to the culture medium of βTC3 cells did not affect insulin release under the presence or absence of 11 mM glucose, indicating that syntaxin 2 is not associated with insulin exocytosis. Thus, the expression of syntaxin 2 in islets of Langerhans is very low and the function of this protein is probably unrelated to the insulin exocytosis pathway. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of methotrexate (MTX) on NAD(P)+ dehydrogenases of HeLa cells: malic enzyme, 2-oxoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenases (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 259-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: methotrexate ; antineoplasic drug ; isocitrate dehydrogenase ; 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase ; malic enzyme ; HeLa cells ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of methotrexate (MTX) on oxygen uptake by permeabilized HeLa cells were evaluated. MTX did not inhibit state III respiration when the oxidizable substrate was succinate, but when the substrates were 2-oxoglutarate or isocitrate the respiration decreased about 50 per cent at 1·0 mM concentration of the drug. This effect was explained by inhibition of 2-oxoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenases by MTX. No effect was observed on succinate dehydrogenase. An evaluation of the effects of MTX on malic enzyme activity as measured by pyruvate plus lactate production in intact cells supplied with malate showed a decrease of about 40 per cent in metabolite production using 0·4 mM MTX. HeLa cell malic enzyme, as observed for other tumour cells, is compartmentalized in mitochondria and cytosol, and is another example of a dehydrogenase inhibited by MTX. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of heat shock treatment on the production of variant testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) mRNA in culture cells (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 251-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: testosterone-repressed prostate message-2 ; alternative splicing ; heat shock ; hepatocyte primary culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The testosterone-repressive prostate message-2 (TRPM-2) variant mRNA lacking the exon 5 was induced in rat primary culture hepatocytes by heat shock treatment. A similar variant mRNA lacking exon 5 was also induced by heat shock treatment of the human culture cell line HepG2. On the other hand, in mouse cell line L929, heat shock treatment induced a variant TRPM-2 mRNA lacking only a small region located in exon 5. However, irrespective of the difference of mechanism of variant production, all the variant TRPM-2 mRNA species derived from each animal species encoded a putative protein constituted from the N-terminal one-third of TRPM-2 protein attached to a C-terminal TRPM-2 unrelated tail. In humans, the variant TRPM-2 species was not detected in normal tissues but was present in certain kinds of tumour cells. These results indicate that the splicing variants were induced as a direct result of heat shock treatment on cells per se and that the phenomenon of heat shock induction was observed in culture cells derived from different animal species. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Antagonism by ethanol of endotoxin-induced tissue factor activation in relation to the depressed endotoxin binding to monocyte-like U937 cells (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 271-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: ethanol ; endotoxin ; tissue factor ; CD14 ; monocytes (U937 cells) ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Our previous study has reported that ethanol (ETOH) partially inhibited the endotoxin (LPS)-induced tissue factor (TF)-activation in monocytes including blood peripheral monocytes as well as cultured leukemic U937 and THP-1 cells. The present study shows a strong correlation (r=0·92; p〈0·01) between TF-activation and depression in LPS binding blocked by ETOH in U937 cells. The antagonism by ETOH of LPS binding was not due to a direct extracellular blockade, since ETOH did not affect the affinity of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-LPS or -anti CD14 mAb on U937 cells. After U937 cells were treated with 2 per cent (v/v) ETOH for 3 h, LPS binding was however drastically inhibited as shown by immunostaining with FITC-LPS which was viewed on a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results imply that cellular events of the ETOH effect mediate this inhibition of LPS binding. Anti-CD14 mAb (UCHM-1) inhibited LPS binding in a dose-dependent fashion, revealing a competitive specific binding to the LPS receptor. The results suggest that CD14 plays an important role in the recognition of LPS. FITC-UCHM-1 binding was significantly reduced in the cells pretreated with 2 per cent (v/v) ETOH for 3 h, indicating that ETOH modulates the ability to express CD14. CD14 expression was upregulated by priming with LPS which was offset by ETOH. Acetaldehyde, a possible metabolite of ETOH, was tested with no effect on CD14 expression. Taken together, our results show that ETOH downregulates the recognition of LPS, and suggest that the inhibitory action is likely to be mediated by the depression in CD14 expression which was also accompanied by a significantly altered membrane fluidity. Thus, the antagonism by ETOH of the binding of LPS results in a depression in the LPS-induced TF-activation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: Liquid chromatography: essential data series. D. Patel (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 299-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book Review: Avian Biochemistry and Molecular Biology: L. Stevens. Cambridge University Press. xiii + 272 pages, £50 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 62-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Renal Endosomal Phosphate (Pi) Transport in Normal and Diabetic Rats and Response to Chronic Pi Deprivation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 9-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: endosomes ; insulin ; streptozotocin ; brush border membrane ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Chronic renal adaptation to dietary deprivation of Pi is accompanied by increased Na+/Pi co-transport across the brush border membrane of the renal proximal tubule. The increased activity of this co-transport system depends on de novo protein synthesis and insulin. The present study used normal and diabetic rats to determine if the endosomal pool of Na+/Pi co-transporters was altered by Pi deprivation and the possible role of insulin. In response to 5 days of dietary Pi deprivation there was a significant increase in endosomal Na+/Pi co-transport in control rats but there was no change in diabetic rats. The increase in endosomal Pi uptake was restored in diabetic rats treated with exogenous insulin. Na+/Pi-independent Pi uptake and proline uptake remained unchanged in all groups. The changes in endosomal Na+/Pi co-transport correlated with the abundance of the specific Na+/Pi co-transporter protein, as determined by Western blots. The pattern of endosomal changes paralleled that observed in brush border membranes. One possibility consistent with these findings is that the endosomal fraction contains newly synthesized Na+/Pi co-transporters targeted for delivery to the apical brush border membrane. Increased synthesis and delivery is required to maintain the adaptation to chronic Pi deprivation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Novel monosaccharides as potent inhibitors of cell proliferation (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: glucose metabolism ; monosaccharides ; tumour ; antitumour agents ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of several novel monosaccharides upon thymidine incorporation into both normal and tumour cells were investigated. The monosaccharide 2-deoxy-3-[1-(R)-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-α-D-allo-pyranose had the most inhibitory effect on proliferation, with the (S)-enantiomer having less inhibitory effects. The chiral centre at carbon-7 was found to be an important part of the molecule, as 2-deoxy-3-[methoxycarbonyl methyl]-α-D-allo-pyranose had greatly decreased anti-proliferative properties in comparison with the parent compound. In addition, the 2-deoxy structure at carbon-2 was also found to be important, as 3-[1-(S)-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-α-D-allo-hexopyranose had greatly decreased inhibitory properties in comparison with the parent compound. The results indicate that these novel monosaccharides possess potent anti-proliferative properties, related to their chiral carbon-7 and 2-deoxy carbon-2 structure and suggest that further substitutions of the functional group at carbon-7 may improve these properties and possibly produce inhibitor selectivity for tumour cells in preference to normal cells. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book review: The origins and consequences of obesity. D. Chanwick and G. Cardew (Eds). John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1996. x+278 pp (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 221-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book Review: Interface between Chemistry and Biochemistry: P. Jollès and H. Jörnvall (Eds). Birkhaüser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland. 312 pages, ISBN 3-7643-5081-4. £79 (1995). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 61-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book review: Protein phosphorylation. F. Marks (Ed.). VCH, Weinheim. xxiii + 381 pages, DM198.00 (1996). (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 141-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Book review: Gene structure and expression, 3rd edition. John D. Hawkins, Cambridge University Press xv + 212 pages, £32.50 (1996) ISBN 0521 560438. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 142-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    Characterization and partial purification of a keratinocyte-derived growth factor with wound-healing properties (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 153-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: growth factor ; keratinocyte ; wound healing ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have previously described the mitogenic and wound-healing properties of keratinocyte-conditioned medium (KCM). In this study we investigated the effect of KCM on the activation of second messenger systems and the expression of proto-oncogene in cultured human skin fibroblasts. We also present a partial purification of the factor responsible for the mitogenic and wound-healing effects of KCM. KCM was shown to increase the expression of the proto-oncogenes c-fos, c-myc and c-jun. The effect of KCM on three second messenger systems was investigated. The extracellular release of choline metabolites was increased by 40 per cent when cells were stimulated with KCM whereas the formation of cAMP and hydrolysis of phosphatidyl inositol (PI) was unaffected. KCM was purified by ion exchange chromatography and filtration. The biologically active fraction was eluted from an SP column and retained its activity after filtration through a 3-kDa filter. The fraction was inactivated by heat and acid, indicative of a peptide origin. Furthermore, the active fraction was shown to increase the extracellular release of choline metabolites and to stimulate re-epithelialization in wounds in human skin in vitro comparable to KCM. The study indicates that human keratinocytes produce a 〈3 kDa peptide which may be partly responsible for the growth stimulatory and wound-healing properties of KCM. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Diltiazem inhibits fatty acid oxidation in the isolated perfused rat liver (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 223-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: liver perfusion ; diltiazem ; ketogenesis ; fatty acid oxidation ; oxygen uptake ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of diltiazem on fatty acid metabolism were measured in the isolated perfused rat liver and in isolated mitochondria. In the perfused rat liver diltiazem inhibited oxygen uptake and ketogenesis from endogenous substrates. Ketogenesis from exogenously supplied palmitate was also inhibited. The β-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio in the presence of palmitate alone was equal to 3·2. When the fatty acid and diltiazem were present simultaneously this ratio was decreased to 0·93, suggesting that, in spite of the inhibition of oxygen uptake, the respiratory chain was not rate limiting for the oxidation of the reducing equivalents coming from β-oxidation. In experiments with isolated mitochondria, incubated in the presence of all intermediates of the Krebs cycle, pyruvate or glutamate, no significant inhibition of oxygen uptake by diltiazem was detected. Inhibition of oxygen uptake in isolated mitochondria was found only when palmitoyl CoA was the source of the reducing equivalents. It was concluded that a direct effect on β-oxidation may be a major cause for the inhibition of oxygen uptake caused by diltiazem in the perfused liver. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Osteogenesis imperfecta mutations may probe vital functional domains (e.g. proteoglycan binding sites) of type 1 collagen fibrils (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 283-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: collagen ; proteoglycan ; osteogenesis imperfecta ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a disease characterized by bone malformations caused by mutations in type 1 collagen. Since many of the 338 possible glycine mutations have not been observed in clinical practice, is this due to chance alone? Because only 83 mutations have been reported in 126 patients, we conclude that many mutations are absent from clinical data for non-random causes. Mutations affecting vital intermolecular interactions in the extracellular matrix (e.g. potential collagen binding sites for proteoglycans) may result in non-viable fetuses that do not progress to clinical status. Some mutations may be silent because they do not significantly affect normal function. The total number of clinically active mutations that will be observed may be far fewer than the potential 338 maximum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in hereditarily diabetic rats (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 287-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Goto-Kakizaki rats ; dehydroepiandrosterone ; pancreatic islets ; insulin secretion ; FAD-linked glycerophosphate dehydrogenase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Goto-Kakizaki rats (GK rats) were given access for 4 weeks to a diet enriched with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, 0·2 per cent, w/w). The incorporation of DHEA in the food failed to affect significantly body growth, plasma D-glucose and insulin concentrations, pancreatic islet insulin content or the activity of both mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase (mGDH) and NADP-malate dehydrogenase (malic enzme) in islet homogenates. DHEA however, increased the activity of mGDH and, at least in male rates, that of the malic enzyme also in the liver. It lowered the abnormally high basal insulin release otherwise found in the islets from diabetic rats, and, as judged from the ratio of insulin output at 16·7 mM/2·8 mM D-glucose, improved the cell responsiveness to the hexose. This coincided with a decreased plasma insulin/D-glucose ratio, suggesting that the major effect of DHEA was to increase the sensitivity to insulin of extrapancreatic targets, thus resulting in a secondary improvement of cell secretory behaviour. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    The Effects of Dietary Selenium and Vitamin E and their Combination on the Fatty Acids of Erythrocytes, Bone Marrow and Spleen Tissue Lipids of Lambs (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: dietary vitamin E and selenium ; erythrocyte ; bone marrow ; spleen ; fatty acid content ; lambs ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The object was to determine the influence of dietary vitamin E, selenium and their combination on the fatty acid con-tent of erythrocytes, bone marrow and spleen lipids of Akkaraman lambs. After supplementation for 15 days, the amount of all fatty acids was slightly higher (p 〈 0·05) in the vitamin E as compared to the control group, whereas the amount of longer fatty acids was significantly higher (p 〈 0·01, p 〈 0·001) in the selenium and combination groups. On the thirtieth day, the amount of all fatty acids was slightly high (p 〈 0·5) in all the supplemented groups in comparison with the control group. In the bone marrow lipids, the amount of longer fatty acids was decreased (p 〈 0·05, p 〈 0·01, p 〈 0·001) in the vitamin E and combination groups as compared to the control. Although the amount of some fatty acids was high (p 〈 0·05, p 〈 0·01) in the selenium group compared to the control, linoleic (18:2), linolenic (18:3) and the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were lower (p 〈 0·05, p 〈 0·001). In the spleen lipids, the amount of longer fatty acids was slightly decreased (p 〈 0·05) in the vitamin E group as compared with the control; however the amount of longer fatty acids was significantly higher (p 〈 0·05, p 〈 0·01) in the selenium and combination groups in comparison to the control group. Thus dietary supplementation with selenium was more effective than dietary vitamin E supplementation in altering the fatty acid content of the erythrocyte, bone marrow and spleen lipids. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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    Book Review: Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments: G. Karp. John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 824 pages, £21.95. ISBN 0 471 59913 1. (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 15 (1997), S. 64-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: No Abstract
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