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  • Artikel  (1.726)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1.726)
  • 1995-1999  (1.726)
  • Medizin  (1.574)
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  • Artikel  (1.726)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book review (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article: Pathogens of Wild and Farmed Fish: Sea Lice. Edited by Geoffrey Boxshall & Daniel Le Defaye.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00316.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Serological analysis of virulent infectious pancreatic necrosis virus strains (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00315.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis of goldfish, Carassius auratus (L.) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. In the spring of 1992 and 1993, an epizootic with severe mortality occurred among cultured goldfish. Carassius auratus (L.), in Aichi and Nara Prefectures in Japan. A herpes-virus was isolated from moribund goldfish that induced cytopathic effects in FHM and EPC cells. The isolate was sensitive to IUdR (5-iodo-2-deoxyuridine), acid (pH 3) and ether. Transmission studies confirmed the pathogenicity of the viral isolate for goldfish while it was not pathogenic for fancy carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Diseased fish had no visible external signs except for listlessness, but internally there was softening and discolouration of the spleen and kidney, and necrotic foci in the haematopoietic tissue, splenic pulp, pancreas, and lamina propria and submucosa of the intestine. Electron microscopy revealed enveloped visions ranging from 170 to 220nm in diameter with hexagonal nucleocapsids (115–117nm edge-to-edge diameter). The disease has been designated as herpesviral haematopoietic necrosis (HVHN), and to date, is the only herpesvirus infection to be described in goldfish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00296.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antigen retention and enzyme reactivity in the spleen of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., following administration of injectable furunculosis vaccines (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The retention of vaccine components and phenotypes of leucocyte populations were examined in the spleen of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., 12 weeks after intraperitoneal administration of three different furunculosis vaccines. There were marked differences between the vaccine groups as judged by serum antibody response and survival following challenge with Aeromonas salmonicida. Abundant vaccine components were present in the spleen following administration of the two adjuvanted vaccines but not the non-adjuvanted vaccine. The non-adjuvanted group showed a disrupted pattern of silver staining in the splenic ellipsoids, suggesting possible toxic changes. Altered levels of enzyme reactivity in the spleens of vaccinated fish suggested activation of macrophages. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis was used to demonstrate that a significant (P 〈 0.05) increase in acid phosphatase reactivity associated with the melanomacrophage accumulations only occurred in the group that had shown a good response to challenge (14% mortality when control group = 60%), and a high level of anti-A. salmonicida antibodies. The findings of the present study suggest that the retention of antigen and the activation of macrophages in melanomacrophage accumulations of Atlantic salmon are of significance in vaccination against furunculosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00295.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Glycogen, the preferred energy source for extracellular protein formation and growth of Aeromonas salmonicida (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. A study was made of the effect of supplementing a rich 3% (w/v) tryptone soya broth (TSB) medium and a poorer 1.7% (w/v) tryptone-based medium with glucose, maltose and glycogen, as carbon sources, on growth and exoprotein formation by Aeromonas salmonicida. In TSB, glucose inhibited growth and repressed exoprotein formation whilst maltose and glycogen had little effect, up to 20h, when compared with an unsupplemented control. By contrast, in the poorer medium, over a 24-h incubation period, growth was stimulated three-fold by glycogen, and whilst exoprotein formation was low in comparison with that observed in TSB, the greatest production was observed in the presence of glycogen. Extracellular α-amylase was measured in the tryptone medium in the presence of the three carbon sources and the highest level, produced in the presence of glycogen, was 1.6 times that with added maltose whilst none was detectable with glucose present. This pattern was repeated in the case of the maltose-inducible porin, LamB, of the outer membrane.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00297.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Delivery of quinolone antibacterials to turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), via bioencapsulation: quantification and efficacy trial (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The incorporation of the quinolone antibacterials oxolinic acid and sarafloxacin into Artemia fransciscana and subsequently into turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), was quantified, and the therapeutic efficacy of the bioencapsulated drugs against challenge with Vibrio anguillarum 8587 was investigated. Five-week-old turbot were fed for 10 days with Artemia enriched with either oxolinic acid or sarafloxacin. Therapeutic concentrations were reached with both drugs (11.8 μg oxolinic acid per gram fresh weight: 1.8 μg sarafloxacin per gram fresh weight). Both treatments proved effective against challenge, with V. anguillarum-specific mortality rates of 6 and 14% in the oxolinic acid and sarafloxacin treated groups, respectively, compared with 75% in the infected control. However, incorporation of the drug by brine shrimp was extremely low (〈1%), and therefore, bioencapsulation cannot be considered as an appropriate method to reduce impact on the environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00298.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Aphanomyces invaderis sp. nov., the fungal pathogen of freshwater tropical fish affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00302.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Factors affecting outbreaks of epizootic ulcerative syndrome in farmed fish in Bangladesh (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Among 257 Bangladesh fish ponds investigated, 46% were affected by epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) either fully or partially. Thai silver barb, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), culture ponds were worst affected (64%) by EUS, while all Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), monoculture ponds remained unaffected. Stocking of silver barb for culture, use of piscicides as means of moving predators or unwanted species prior to stocking of cultured species, and culture of fish in previously derelict ponds are factors which significantly affected the probability of occurrence of EUS. Choice of species other than silver barb and use of lime during the post-stocking period significantly affected the probability of pond stocks being less adversely affected by EUS.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00301.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virulence of Flavobacterium branchiophilum in experimentally infected salmonids (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The ability of selected strains of Flavobacterium branchiophilum to attach to and colonize the gills of five species of teleosts (four salmonid and one cyprinid) and cause mortality was investigated. In virulence studies with F. branchiophilum strain LAB4a, cumulative mortality was dose-dependent in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and ranged from 0 to 75%. However, regardless of dose, the relative amount of gill-associated F. branchiophilum antigen increased 1 h after challenge. The gill-associated F. branchiophilum antigen in fish which survived (moribund fish) increased by four to six times compared to that detected on the gills 1 h after challenge. The gill-associated antigen on moribund fish was not significantly different from that on the gills of dead fish. Flavobacterium branchiophilum strain LAB4a also attached to the gills of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchell), rainbow trout, chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), and common shiners, Luxilus cornutus (Mitchell), following a 1-h bath exposure, and caused mortality in all species. The virulence of eight strains of F. branchiophilum for rainbow trout was examined. Both virulent and avirulent strains adhered to the gills following bath exposure (fimbriae were observed on all strains), but only virulent strains had the capacity to further colonize the gills and cause mortality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00300.x
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Residues of [14C]-malachite green in eggs and fry of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), after treatment of eggs (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), eggs were exposed to [methane-14C] malachite green chloride on day 0 and on every third day thereafter through day 24, with a final treatment administered to fry on day 31. Eggs or fry were sampled before each treatment, and at selected times from day 31 to day 59. Malachite green equivalence in eggs and fry was determined by sample oxidation and liquid scintillation counting. Total malachite green residues increased throughout the exposure period to 0.271 ± 0.042 μg g−1 (x̄± SD) on day 31. Residues declined to 0.055 ± 0.011 μg g−1 on day 59. The depuration phase declined monoexponentially with a half-life of 13.3 days for the absolute amount (μg sample−1) and a half-life of 9.7 days for the concentration of malachite green residues (μg g−1). Growth dilution accounted for the 25% increase in the elimination (9.7 days) of malachite green residues. Extracts from treated eggs and fry were analysed by reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Three peaks were resolved in treated eggs: chromatic malachite green, leuco malachite green and an unknown polar metabolite. Only two peaks were resolved in the fry: leuco malachite green and the unknown polar metabolite. The most prominent residue in all samples was leuco malachite green.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00299.x
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    First isolation of Piscirickettsia salmonis from coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch (Walbaum), and rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), during the freshwater stage of their life cycle (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00303.x
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Book reviewed in this article: Manual for the Isolation and Identification of Fish Bacterial Pathogens. By G. Nicholas Frerichs & Stuart Millar Fungi and Fish Diseases. By L. G. Willoughby.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00304.x
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Some biochemical properties and antibiotic sensitivities of Pasteurella piscidda isolated in Greece and comparison with strains from Japan, France and Italy (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The biochemical properties and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of 13 Pasteurella piscicida isolates from Greece are described and compared with 10 Japanese and five European (Italian and French) isolates. Morphologically and biochemically, all isolates of P. piscidda tested were nearly identical and only minor differences could be detected with reference to the level of acid production from sugars (especially from glucose). Greek, Italian and French isolates showed similar antibiotic sensitivity patterns, being resistant to erythromycin, kanamycin and streptomycin, and sensitive to most of the other antibiotics tested. Resistance was also demonstrated for some isolates towards the potentiated sulphonamides. The Japanese isolates appeared to be resistant to a larger range of antibiotics including erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol. Multiple resistance of Japanese strains was also noted. These results are discussed in the light of future measures for the control of pasteurellosis.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01260.x
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunogenicity of amoebic antigens in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Rainbow trout developed a humoral immune response against numerous antigens of sonicated amoebae which were emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant and injected into the peritoneum. The amoebae were cultured from the gills of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., affected by amoebic gill disease. Antibodies in fish sera were detected by both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Non-spedfie reactivity in fish serum against Escherichia coli, the bacterium used in co-cultivation of amoebae in vitro, was removed by immunoadsorption. Results obtained using ELISA and immunoblotting were comparable and indicated no significant difference in response to immunization with 10, 50 or 250 μg of sonieatcd amoebic protein. Amoebae contained immunogenie components of 〉 100, 100, 89, 49, 37 and 34kDa.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01261.x
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Elevation of plasma cortisol and hypertrophic response of inter-renal and chromaffin tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), to the harmful diatom Chaetoceros concavicornis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Changes in plasma cortisol concentrations and inter-renal and chromaffin tissues of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), exposed to harmful concentrations of the diatom Chaetoceros concavicornis were investigated. The plasma cortisol level of trout exposed to C. concavicornis was over 10-fold greater than that of untreated trout. Computer-assisted feulgen-microspectrophotometry was employed in order to assess the activity of inter-renal and chromaffin cells. The total areas of inter-renal and chromaffin nuclei in trout treated with C. concavicornis significantly increased compared to those of untreated fish. In contrast, the chromatin density of inter-renal and chromaffin nuclei in treated trout decreased significantly. This decrease of chromatin density in treated fish was caused by an increase in the low-density components, and a decrease in the middle-density and high-density components. Although the hypertrophic changes to the inter-renal and chromaffin nuclei of treated fish exhibited the same general trend, the extents to which the changes took place were different, occurring more rapidly within inter-renal tissues. The rainbow trout exposed to harmful concentrations of C. concavicornis were experiencing a severe physiological disturbance to which they tried to adapt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00274.x
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bacteria associated with early life stages of halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L., inhibit growth of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Bacteria capable of inhibiting growth of a pathogenic Vibrio sp. were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of cultured halibut larvae during the first feeding and weaning stages. No such bacteria were found among isolates from the surface of eggs or the gastrointestinal tract of yolk sac larvae. The fraction of pathogen-inhibitors among the total number of isolates ranged between 0–100% (first feeding) and 0–66% (weaning). All pathogen-inhibitors were Gram-negative rods, and 95% were oxidase and catalase positive fermentative isolates, capable of producing acid aerobically from a varying range of carbohydrates. These isolates possessed the characteristics of the Vibrio/Aeromonas-group, but only 19% were sensitive to the vibriostatic agent 0/129. Isolates from eggs and yolk sac larvae were dominated by bacteria belonging to the Cytophaga/Flexibacter/Flavobacterium- group. The high fraction of isolates with the ability to inhibit growth of the pathogenic Vibrio sp. among the total number of isolates indicates that pathogen inhibition may be an important mutualistic role of the intestinal flora of early life stages of halibut.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01263.x
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunization of adult brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), fails to prevent the infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) carrier state (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. Adult brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), mounted a strong humoral immune response after injection with inactivated infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) in Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA). However, this immunization did not prevent the fish from becoming IPNV carriers. After an injection challenge with virulent IPNV, the immunized and control fish (FCA or water) shed virus in the faeces and reproductive products and had IPNV-infected leucocytes and visceral organs. Initially, from 1 to 3 weeks post-challenge (wpc), immunized fish had a lower prevalence of infection and virus titres in the plasma, and fewer infected leucocytes than the control fish. Immunization did not prevent the eventual infection of the leucocytes; over 75% of the immunized and control fish had leucocyte-associated viraemia from 6 to 15 wpc. When the organs were tested at 15 wpc, the immunized fish showed fewer infected organs per fish, and a lower prevalence of infection and virus titres in individual organs than the control fish, but these differences were not significant. Immunized male and female fish shed IPNV in the reproductive products, suggesting that immunization of adult fish would not prevent vertical transmission of IPNV to progeny.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb00336.x
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Risk factors for furunculosis, infectious pancreatic necrosis and mortality in post-smolt of Atlantic salmon, Salmo solar L. (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract An epidemiological longitudinal study comprised information obtained from 124 randomly selected Norwegian sea-sites housing post-molts of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. Information on crude cumulative mortality, fish characteristics and farm factors was gathered by the veterinary practitioners servicing the farms. The observation period lasted from the time of sea transfer of the smolts in the spring until 1 October 1991. On average, 116480 smolts were transferred to each sea-site. The mean crude cumulative mortality of post-smolts during the period concerned was 16.8%. The cumulative farm-level incidence was 54.0% for furunculosis, 39.5% for infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) and 10.5% for vibriosis. Occurrence of any of these specific infectious diseases in the post-smolt was significantly associated with mortality. The risk of furunculosis was significantly related to the location of the sea site. Mixing of smolt from many freshwater hatcheries in the sea farm increased the risk of IPN significantly. In addition, the risk of IPN was related to age of site and geographic location. The mean cumulative mortality in 1-year-old smolt groups was 17.5%, significantly greater than in two-year-old fish (7.9%). In addition, the method used to transport fish from the freshwater hatchery to the sea site was significantly associated with mortality. Neither the weight of smolts at sea transfer nor the date of transfer were significantly related to mortality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01267.x
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxytetracycline sensitivity of Vibrio species isolated from diseased black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon Fabricius (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01268.x
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Assessment of the virulence of fish and mouuscan isolates of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus for salmonid fish by challenge of brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01272.x
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A probiotic strain of Vibrio alginolyticus effective in reducing diseases caused by Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio ordalii (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1995.tb01271.x
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  • 22
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Plasma steroid hormone profile in an anovulatory Arctic chair, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), exhibiting ovarian cysts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-88.x
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Antibiotic protection against recrudescence of latent Aeromonas salmonicida during furunculosis vaccination (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Problems of temporary immunosuppression following vaccination against Aeromonas salmonicida infection had to be overcome in the development of a furunculosis vaccine. Empirical observations have indicated that immunosuppression persists for some time after vaccination, rendering fish, especially subclinical carriers of A. salmonicida, highly vulnerable to bacterial invasion. The efficacy of simultaneous application of furunculosis vaccine and a long-lasting amoxycillin preparation to a population of Atlantic salmon smolts was evaluated. Control groups were treated with either vaccine alone, amoxycillin alone or were untreated. Moderate stress, simulating smolt transfer with a 5°C temperature rise, resulted in a rapid outbreak in mortalities reaching 100% in the vaccinates. Losses among the untreated controls were more gradual and rose to about 50%. Both amoxycillin-treated groups survived well. Further severe stress resulted in total mortalities among the untreated fish but no further losses in the amoxycillin groups. Four months after vaccination, evidence of a specific immune response was confirmed by ELISA, demonstrating circulating antibodies in the blood of vaccinates. In a severe and in a moderate challenge with A. salmonicida., the relative specific protection was 63 and 86%, respectively. Thus, effective protection against furunculosis was achieved without jeopardizing the stock during the vaccination process and with elimination of the carrier state.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-86.x
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Immunocytochemical localization of lysozyme in intestinal eosinophilic granule cells (EGCs) of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The distribution of lysozyme in the intestine of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., was studied by light- and electron-microscopic immunocytochemistry. Eosinophilic granule cells (EGCs) in the subepithelial region of the lamina propria showed strong immunoreactivity to lysozyme, while epithelial cells were only occasionally stained. At the ultrastructural level, lysozyme was localized to secretary granules of EGCs, demonstrating features in common with the Paneth cell of the mammalian small intestine, previously shown to produce antibacterial substances such as lysozyme. Furthermore, EGCs stained positive with phloxine-tartrazine, a histochemical stain that is used for identification of Paneth cells. This study reveals that EGCs show close resemblance to mammalian intestinal Paneth cells, and thus, may be important for the intestinal defense system in salmonid fish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-87.x
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A simplified assay for the activity of Aeromonas salmonicida glycerophospholipids cholesterol acyltransferase (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-90.x
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Morphogenesis of the membranous labyrinth in penaeid shrimp cells infected with Penaeus monodon bacuiovirus (MBV) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The morphogenesis of a highly organized cellular membrane structure, a membranous labyrinth (ML), in the cells of penaeid shrimp infected with Penaeus monodon baculovirus (MBV) is described. The ML possibly originates from dilated Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or the outer nuclear membrane. The ML apparently grows by proliferation of the cellular membranes of these systems. In addition, its degree of development was correlated with stages of MBV reproduction.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-89.x
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Is the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), intestine a portal of entry for the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum? (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The role of the intestinal tract in Vibrio anguillarum infection of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), fingerlings was investigated in two in vivo models and the possible mechanisms involved were studied in vitro. Viable V. anguillarum cells were detected in spleens from more than 50% of the fish administered the pathogen orally or rectally, suggesting that the intestinal tract is a portal of entry for V anguillarum. In transmission electron micrographs, V. anguillarum- like cells were seen close to the rectal epithelium, suggesting penetration of the mucus layer, but no epithelial cell penetration or endocytosis was evident. Attachment to intact turbot intestines was investigated, and 80% or more of the bacterial cells still remained attached after serial washings. A significantly higher number of cells attached to rectal segments than to the other intestinal segments. In vitro, V. anguillarum cells did not adhere specifically to intestinal mucus, but rather accumulated close to intestinal mucus interfaces and subsequently penetrated them. It is proposed that the intestinal ttact of tutbot is a portal of entry for V. anguillarum and that the cells penetrate the intestinal mucus overlaying the epithelial cells.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00129.x
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Histopathology of experimental Streptococcus sp. infection in tilapia, Oroochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictafurus punctatus (Ratinesque) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.), and channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), were experimentally infected by immersion with three isolates (Lake, DL8O5 and MS91452) of Streptococcus sp. from diseased fish. To enhance infection, the lateral body surface of each fish was scraped prior to bacterial exposure. The Lake and DL8O5 isolates caused exophthalmia, ocular opacity and ocular haemorrhage in some tilapia. Histopathology of these fish revealed; meningitis; polyserositis of heart, liver, spleen, ovary and kidney; splenitis; ovaritis; and myocarditis. Isolate MS91452 induced only mild granulomas in spleen, kidney and ovary of tilapia. The Lake and DL8O5 isolates induced endophthalitis, Channel catfish infected with the Lake and DL805 isolates developed similar eye lesions to tilapia. Histologic lesions caused by all three isolates in channel catfish consisted of meningoencephalitis, mild myocarditis, splenitis and ovaritis, but these lesions were not as severe as in Nile tilapia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00130.x
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Humoral immune response of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, to Pleistophora anguillarum Hoshina, 1951 (Microspora) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A humoral response of Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica Temminck & Schlegel, to the microsporean Pleistophora anguillarum Hoshina was demonstrated using immunoblotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Japanese eel immunoglobulin was purified by affinity chromatography. The immunoglobulin was composed of 25-kDa light chains and 72-kDa heavy chains. The ELISA values of P. anguillarum antibodies in naturally infected fish sera were significantly higher than those of clinically healthy fish. Spore proteins from the microsporean were separated by electrophoresis and subjected to analysis by Western blot. Sera from naturally infected fish showed different reaction patterns to the spore proteins. While the sera randomly selected from naturally infected eels all showed a significant positive reaction to P. anguillarum antigens, the mucus from only three out of the nine infected eels reacted positively in the ELISA test. Subsequent analyses indicated that there was no significant difference in the amount of mucus immunoglobulin among the tested eels. Therefore, the generally lower ELISA values of mucosal anti-P. anguillarum antibodies from the infected eels tested were evidently not caused by a lack of immunoglobulin per se, but seem to be the result of a lack of anti-P. anguillarum antibodies in the mucus and/or a lower affinity in the anti-P. anguillarum antibodies that were present.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00131.x
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Biology of Fishes 2nd edn. By Q. Bone, N. B. Marshall & J. H. S. Blaxter. Fish Diseases and Disorders. Volume 1. Protozoan and Metazoan Infections. Edited by PTK Woo
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00133.x
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Necrotic myositis in cage cultured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), caused by Flexibacter psychrophilus (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: A severe necrotic myositis characterized by large intramuscular bullae was identified in 100–500 g rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), maintained in freshwater netpens. Mortality increased as the temperature decreased, with mortality rates peaking at 10% per month. Flexibacter psychrophilus was recovered from the muscle lesions and kidneys of affected fish. The gross and histological description of the disease, and the phenotypic characteristics of the causative agent are described. The necrotic myositis isolate was utilized to experimentally reproduce the disease.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00689.x
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Comparison of passive and active immunization of fish against streptococcosis (enterococcosis) (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Passive immunization of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), was carried out to determine the persistence of anti-Streptococcus sp. antibodies (ASA) raised in sheep, rabbits or rainbow trout. The protection afforded by passive immunization was compared with the protection obtained from active immunization by immersion in or intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection with formalin-killed cells. Assessments were undertaken concurrently for up to 3 months post-immunization (PI) to evaluate the practical potential of passive immunization. Passively administered sheep and rabbit antibodies were detected in fish sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbcnt assay for more than 60 days after i.p. injection. Fish responded immunologically to these antibodies and the highest humoral responses to sheep and rabbit ASA occurred at 2 months PI. The relative per cent survival (RPS) of rainbow trout challenged with virulent Streptococcus sp. after an i.p. injection (0.1 ml 100 g−1 fish body weight) of sheep, rabbit or fish ASA was: 88.8, 50 and 0% after 1 month; 33.3, 6.8 and 6.8% after 2 months; and 13.3, 0 and 6.6% after 3 months PI, respectively. Fish immunized actively had an RPS of 88.8 and 11.1% after 1 month, 38.1 and 4.7% after 2 months, and 36 and 0% after 3 months PI for the i.p. injection and immersion routes, respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1996.tb00132.x
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Ultrastructure of culture forms of the eel trypanosome, Trypanosoma granulosum Laveran & Mesnil, 1902, exposed to polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 22 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Polyamines are important in the growth, division and differentiation of many cell types, including trypanosomes. The ultrastructure of culture forms of Trypanosoma granulosum was examined following growth in a modified semidefined medium (controls) and in the same medium with added polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors (DFMO, MGBG and Berenil). Untreated trypanosomes had ultrastructural features in common with other cultured flagellates. Those treated with DFMO were generally more rounded in contour. Cytoplasmic vacuoles and swollen mitochondrial membranes suggested osmotic imbalance, perhaps resulting from compromised membrane integrity. An anticlockwise arm dividing subtubule B of the peripheral doublets of the flagellum was noted in some trypanosomes treated with 20 mM DFMO. Vacuolation was also induced by MGBG and flagellar division occurred more frequently at 0.2 mM than in controls. With 1 mM MGBG, mitochondria were difficult to discern and kinetoplasts were disrupted. With 0.2 mM Berenil, vacuoles, swollen mitochondria, membranous whorls, additional microtubules underlying subpellicular tubules and disaggregated kinetoplasts were noted. With 1 mM Berenil, much of the cell structure was destroyed, although the pellicle, flagellum and paraxial rod remained intact. The present study illustrates the importance of hnctional polyamine synthetic pathways for the integrity of membranes, mitochondria, kinetoplasts and possibly microtubules in cultured T. granulosum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1999.tb01286.x
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  • 34
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    HLA-G POLYMORPHISM AND ALLELIC ASSOCIATION WITH HLA-A IN A FINNISH POPULATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The polymorphism of the HLA-G gene can be identified by PCR-RFLP analysis. This short communication describes the PCR-RFLP analysis of HLA-G polymorphisms in exons 2 and 3 and the association of different HLA-G and HLA-A alleles in 26 healthy Finnish families.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00276.x
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  • 35
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    British Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00278.x
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  • 36
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FREQUENCY OF COMPLEMENT THIRD COMPONENT (C3) AND PROPERDIN FACTOR (BF) PHENOTYPES IN PATIENTS WITH VARIOUS CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF HBV INFECTION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Four groups of children were tested for the distribution of C3 and BF phenotypes: HBV-infected patients with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, with CAH and with glomerulonephritis, and healthy children. The frequency of the phenotype C3F was significantly higher in children with Gianotti-Crosti syndrome in comparison with healthy children. The frequency of the phenotype BFS was significantly higher in patients with glomerulonephritis than in individuals with CAH. The difference between the frequency of the BFS phenotype in glomerulonephritis patients and that in healthy subjects neared significance. We suggest that the carriers of these phenotypes are characterized by susceptibility to some immune complex diseases associated with HBV infection.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00258.x
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  • 37
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ANNOUNCEMENT (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1996.tb00269.x
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  • 38
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    C4 NULL ALLELES IN A SWEDISH POPULATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: The distribution of C4 null alleles (C4Q0) was studied in a Swedish population comprising 410 male individuals from Stockholm County and Uppsala City. The prevalances of homozygous C4A*Q0 and C4B*Q0 determined by analysing the gene products in serum were 5.0 and 5.6%, respectively, in the Stockholm population and 4.0% each in the Uppsala population. These values are higher than those previously reported from other Caucasian populations. The finding reflects a different genetic composition of the Swedish population and may have relevance to the disease spectrum in this population as compared to other Caucasian populations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00281.x
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  • 39
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    QUANTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF PLASMATIC HLA-BCw MOLECULES WITH A LOCUS B AND Cw HLA SPECIFIC mAb (B1.23.2mAb) (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Plasmatic HLA class I molecules were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively with a B and Cw locus-specific mAb, B 1.23.2. sHLA-BCw were detected among all individuals with a wide range of concentration. The HLA-A29(19) allele was significantly associated with an increased sHLA-BCw mean concentration. Three different isoforms of relative molecular weights of 44, 39 and 36kDa were detected. The 39kDa class I heavy chain was not detected after immunoprecipitation with mAb B 1.23.2 in 17% of tested plasma, but was immunoprecipitated with W6/32 mAb.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00251.x
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  • 40
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    FREQUENCY OF Gm AND Km PHENOTYPES IN CHILDREN WITH MUMPS MENINGITIS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Children with mumps meningitis, with mumps without meningitis and healthy subjects were examined for Gm 1, 2, 3, 5, 21 allotypes and for the Km 1 allotype. The comparison of the frequencies of Gm and Km phenotypes in three tested groups (each to the other) did not reveal significant differences. An association between mumps meningitis and the Gm or Km phenotypes was not found.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00253.x
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  • 41
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    NOMENCLATURE FOR FACTORS OF THE HLA SYSTEM, UPDATE JUNE 1995 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00250.x
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  • 42
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DELETION OF THE 3 ′ SPLICE SITE OF THE LEADER-VARIABLE REGION INTRON OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES INDUCES A DIRECT SPLICING OF LEADER TO CONSTANT REGION, RESULTING IN THE PRODUCTION OF TRUNCATED μ-CHAINS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: An Abelson virus-transformed immature B cell line, AT8-1-12-5-2, produced truncated μ-chains. Sequencing analysis of the VHDJH complex on the expressed H-chain allele revealed the deletion of 75 nucleotides that involved leader-variable region intron and the 5’ end of the variable region, which resulted in the loss of the 3′ splice site of leader-variable region intron. Sequence studies of a leader- and CH1 -containing cDNA clone showed that leader region was directly spliced to the CH1 exon, resulting in the production of the truncated μ-chains without variable portion. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the only loss of the 3′ splice site of leader-variable region intron could induce an aberrant splicing between leader and constant region.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00238.x
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  • 43
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    RAPID CHARACTERIZATION OF HLA CLASS I ALLELES BY GENE MAPPING USING ARMS PCR (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00243.x
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  • 44
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ANALYSIS OF HLA-CLASS II DQA1, DQB1, DRB1 and DPB1 IN ITALIAN MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENTS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We studied the allelic constitution at the HLA class II DQA1, DQB1, DRB1 and DPB1 in 94 Italian multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 98 controls. No significant increase in the frequency of DR2 alleles was detected among MS patients, as previously observed both in European and some Italian studies. A slight increase was found for the DQA 1*0301 and DQB 1*0602 alleles in the MS patients. No significant association was found with the glutamine residue at position 34 of the DQ α chain, which was noted previously in MS patients from northern Europe.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00227.x
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  • 45
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    THE POLYMORPHIC HUMAN TLX-B/CD46/MCP SYSTEM AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN TRANSPLANTATION AND REPRODUCTION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: TLX antigens have been found on most peripheral blood cells, trophoblasts, seminal vesicle cells and sperms. These antigens seem to be associated with the membrane co-factor protein (MCP) and the CD46 antigen. Alloantibodies to TLX antigens with FctRII-blocking features were obtained by transfusion of leucocytes or platelets. Preliminary population studies revealed that alloantibodies to TLX/CD46/MCP recognize four overlapping specificities. The terminology TLX-B was introduced with specificities TLX-BI, B2, B3, B4 and frequencies obtained in the population were: 38%, 46%, 42% and 26%, respectively. Family studies showed an independent segregation of the TLX and HLA alleles.At the cellular protein on trophoblast, the alloantibody detected a glycoprotein of 66-67 kDa molecular mass, which may correspond to the a chain of the TLX/CD46/MCP isotypes. A direct association of the alloantibody with FctRII could be excluded thus its FctR blocking feature is probably based on an indirect functional effect.After transfusion and in pregnancy the induction of TLX alloantibody production depended on the mismatching in the TLX/CD46/MCP phenotypes. Probable associations were revealed in the case of recurrent habitual abortion between the lack of FCTR blocking antibody production and the matched TLX specificities of the couples. After transfusion, TLX alloantibody production with FCTR and MLR blocking function was induced only when the recipient was lacking the TLX specificities expressed on the donor cells. Suppression of MLR was found only when TLX specificity in sera corresponded to the TLX specificity of the effector cell. The immunopathological importance of these findings in transplantation and reproductive medicine has yet to be clarified.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00225.x
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  • 46
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ABSENCE OF TAP 2D IN YORUBA NIGERIANS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We have characterized TAP allele frequencies in a panel of 71 Yoruba Nigerians using ARMS-PCR. With the exception that TAP 2D was absent in Nigerians, TAP 2 allele frequencies in this population were found to be similar to those in a UK white population. HLA-DR4 also was found to be at a low frequency in Yoruba Nigerians (1.4%). This may reflect the absence of TAP 2D in Nigerians as DR4 and TAP 2D are in linkage disequilibrium in UK Caucasoids.The most frequent TAP 1 allele in Yoruba Nigerians was TAP 1A (49%). However, this value will be an underestimate as TAP1 alleles could not be unequivocally assigned in 41 % of subjects using the ARMS-PCR methodology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00229.x
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  • 47
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ‘BIO-ID’: RESTRICTED USE OF HLA MARKERS TO DETECT DOUBLE REGISTRATION ON COMPUTER FILES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 22 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: We propose to use the extreme diversity of HLA in order to detect, by anonymous check, double registration on computer files, of patients waiting for organ transplantation. A simulation on a panel of 69461 unrelated individuals, caucasoid, confirms the relevance of the method.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-313X.1995.tb00234.x
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  • 48
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    COMPUTATION OF BEST BOUNDS OF PROBABILITIES FROM UNCERTAIN DATA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: An uncertainty reasoning method is presented in this article. The method can be used to compute from a given set of conditional probabilities the best lower bounds and the best upper bounds of those conditional probabilities that are not explicitly provided. The computation of the best upper(lower) bound of such a conditional probability relies on solution of a linear programming problem. Some reduction techniques are proposed in this article to improve the efficiency of our uncertainty reasoning method. As illustrated in Section 4.3, for many uncertainty reasoning problems in medical diagnosis, by using our reduction techniques, the best range of a conditional probability, which is specified by a lower bound and an upper bound, can be computed in polynomial time in terms of the number of basic events involved in the reasoning.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00276.x
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  • 49
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    CONSTRAINED RESOLUTION AND ABDUCTTVE TEMPORAL REASONING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This article presents our work on the effective implementation of abduction in temporal reasoning. This works builds on some results, both in the logic programming field and in the automated reasoning area. We have defined and implemented an abductive procedure, which is well adapted for temporal reasoning because it is based on a constrained resolution principle. Constrained resolution has two advantages for temporal reasoning: First, it allows us to deal efficiently with temporal ordering and equality predicates, which are otherwise too much trouble with classical resolution; second, it allows a restricted form of abduction where hypotheses are limited to ordering relationships. From the logic programming area, our work uses results and procedures developed by others in the abductive logic programming field. The procedure we define and implement in this work is relatively independent of the temporal formalism: It has been used with some reified temporal logics and with the event calculus. More generally it can be used on any point-based temporal formalism, provided that a correct and complete algorithm is available for checking the consistency of a set of temporal ordering relationships in this language.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00268.x
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  • 50
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING MONOTONIC-CONCAVE INTERVAL CONCEPTS USING THE BACK-PROPAGATION NEURAL NETWORKS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Monotonicity and concavity play important roles in human cognition, reasoning, and decision making. This paper shows that neural networks can learn monotonic-concave interval concepts based on real-world data, Traditionally, the training of neural networks has been based only on raw data. In cases where the training samples carry statistical fluctuations, the products of the training have often suffered. This paper suggests that global knowledge about monotonicity and concavity of a problem domain can be incorporated in neural network training. This paper proposes a learning scheme for the back-propagation layered neural networks in learning monotonic-concave interval concepts and provides an example to show its application.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00262.x
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  • 51
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION OF AbTweak (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper, we describe the implementation and evaluation of the AbTweak planning system, a test bed for studying and teaching concepts in partial-order planning, abstraction, and search control. We start by extending the hierarchical, precondition-elimination abstraction of ABSTRIPS to partial-order-based, least-commitment planners such as Tweak. The resulting system, AbTweak, illustrates the advantages of using abstraction to improve the efficiency of search. We show that by protecting a subset of abstract conditions achieved so far, and by imposing a bias on search toward deeper levels in a hierarchy, planning efficiency can be greatly improved. Finally, we relate AbTweak to other planning systems SNLP, ALPINE, and SIPE by exploring their similarities and differences.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00264.x
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  • 52
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    SOLVING NINE MEN'S MORRIS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: The game of Nine Men's Morris is a draw. We obtained this result using a combination of endgame databases (1010 states) and search. Our improved algorithm for computing endgame databases allowed the game to be solved on a personal computer. Other games have been solved using knowledge-based methods to dramatically prune the search tree. Nine Men's Morris does not seem to profit from such methods, making it the first nontrivial game solved in which almost the entire state space has to be considered.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00251.x
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  • 53
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING PLAYING STRATEGIES IN CHESS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: It is believed that chess masters use pattern-based knowledge to analyze a position, followed by a pattern-based controlled search to verify or correct the analysis. This paper describes a first-order system called PAL that can learn patterns in the form of Horn clauses from simple example descriptions and general purpose knowledge. It is shown how PAL can leam chess patterns that are beyond the learning capabilities of current inductive systems. The patterns learned by PAL can be used for analysis of positions and for the construction of playing strategies. By taking the learned patterns as attributes for describing examples, a set of rules which decide whether a Pawn can safely be promoted without moving the King in a King and Pawn vs King endgame, is automatically constructed with a similarity-based learning algorithm. Similarly, a playing strategy for the King and Rook vs King endgame is automatically constructed with a simple learning algorithm by following traces of games and using the patterns learned by PAL. Limitations of first-order systems, PAL imparticularly, are exposed in domains where a large number of background definitions may be required for induction. Conclusions and future research directions are given.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00253.x
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  • 54
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PERFECT RECALL AND PRUNING IN GAMES WITH IMPERFECT INFORMATION (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Games with imperfect information are an interesting and important class of games. They include most card games (e.g., bridge and poker) as well as many economic and political models. Here we investigate algorithms for findi ng the simplest form of a solution (a pure-strategy equilibrium point) to imperfect information games expressed in their extensive (game tree) form. We introduce to the artificial intelligence community a classic algorithm, due to Wilson, that solves one-player games with perfect recall. Wilson's algorithm, which we call iMP-minimax, runs in time linear in the size of the game-tree searched. In contrast to Wilson's result, Koller and Meggido have shown that finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point in one-player games without perfect recall is NP-hard. Here, we provide another contrast to Wilson's result–we show that in games with perfect recall but more than one player, finding a pure-strategy equilibrium point, given that such an equilibrium point exists, is NP-hard.Our second contribution is to present a pruning technique for Wilson's IMP-minimax algorithm to make the latter more tractable. We call this new algorithm IMP-alpha-beta. We provide a theoretical framework (model) and analyze IMP-alpha-beta in that model. IMP-alpha-beta is of direct value for one-player, perfect-recall games. It also has strong potential for other imperfect information games, as it is a natural (but as yet untested) heuristic in those cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00256.x
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  • 55
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GO-MOKU SOLVED BY NEW SEARCH TECHNIQUES (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Many decades ago, Japanese professional Go-Moku players stated that Go-Moku (five-in-a-row on a horizontally placed 15×15 board) is a won game for the player to move first. So far, this claim has never been substantiated by (a tree of) variations or by a computer program. Meanwhile, many variants of Go-Moku with slightly different rules have been developed. This paper shows that for two common variants, the game-theoretical value has been established.Moreover, the Go-Moku program Victoria is described. It uses two new search techniques: threat-space search and proof-number search. One of the results is that Victoria is bound to win against any (optimal) counterplay if it moves first. Furthermore, it achieves good results as a defender against nonoptimally playing opponents. In this contribution we focus on threat-space search and its advantages compared to conventional search algorithms.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00250.x
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  • 56
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    LEARNING OF RESOURCE ALLOCATION STRATEGIES FOR GAME PLAYING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Human chess players exhibit a large variation in the amount of time they allocate for each move. Yet, the problem of devising resource allocation strategies for game playing has not received enough attention. In this paper we present a framework for studying resource allocation strategies. We define allocation strategy and identify three major types of strategies: static, semi-dynamic, and dynamic. We then describe a method for learning semi-dynamic strategies from self-generated examples. We present an algorithm for assigning classes to the examples based on the utility of investing extra resources. The method was implemented in the domain of checkers, and experimental results show that it is able to learn strategies that improve game-playing performance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00254.x
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  • 57
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    GENERAL GAME-PLAYING AND REINFORCEMENT LEARNING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper provides a blueprint for the development of a fully domain-independent single-agent and multiagent heuristic search system. It gives a graph-theoretic representation of search problems based on conceptual graphs and outlines two different learning systems. One, an “informed learner”, makes use of the graph-theoretic definition of a search problem or game in playing and adapting to a game in the given environment. The other, a “blind learner”, is not given access to the rules of a domain but must discover and then exploit the underlying mathematical structure of a given domain. Relevant work of others is referenced within the context of the blueprint.To illustrate further how one might go about creating general game-playing agents, we show how we can generalize the understanding obtained with the Morph chess system to all games involving the interactions of abstract mathematical relations. A monitor for such domains has been developed, along with an implementation of a blind and informed learning system known as Morphll. Performance results with MorphK are preliminary but encouraging and provide a few more data points with which to understand and evaluate the blueprint.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1996.tb00257.x
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  • 58
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    PLANNING TO FIND THE REFERENTS OF NOUN PHRASES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Finding the referent of a definite noun phrase is a classic problem in natural language processing. Most work assumes that when a program begins to analyze an utterance, it already has the knowledge it needs for identifying referents. If a robot accepts commands in natural language, this assumption may not hold. Suppose a user says, “Go get the book on the table in room 3,” but the robot has never been in room 3, so it lacks the knowledge it needs to identify the referent of “the book on the table in room 3.” To gain this knowledge, the robot must travel to room 3 and search. This article describes a simulated robot that accepts commands in English and actively searches for the referents of definite descriptions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00051.x
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  • 59
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A NEW METHOD FOR INFLUENCE DIAGRAM EVALUATION (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: As influence diagrams become a popular representational tool for decision analysis, influence diagram evaluation attracts more and more research interests. In this article, we present a new, two-phase method for influence diagram evaluation. In our method, an influence diagram is first mapped onto a decision graph and then the analysis is carried out by evaluating the decision graph. Our method is more efficient than Howard and Matheson's because, among other reasons, our method generates a much smaller decision graph for the same influence diagram. Like those most recent algorithms reported in the literature, our method also provides a clean interface between influence diagram evaluation and Bayesian net evaluation. Consequently, various well-established algorithms for Bayesian net evaluation can be used in influence diagram evaluation. Furthermore, our method has a few unique merits. First, it takes advantage of asymmetry in influence diagrams to avoid unnecessary computation. Second, by using heuristic search techniques, it provides an explicit mechanism for using heuristic information that may be available in a domain-specific form. These additional merits make our method more efficient than the current algorithms in general. Finally, by using decision graphs as an intermediate representation, the value of perfect information can be computed in a more efficient way.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 60
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A LOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION FOR TRUTH MAINTENANCE SYSTEMS WITH DEPENDENCY-DIRECTED BACKTRACKING (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: In this paper we present various logical characterizations of justification-based (nonmonotonic) truth maintenance systems (JTMS). These characterizations, which are proved to be equivalent, aim at describing dependency-directed backtracking (DDB) (i.e., the process of resolving conflicts which can arise when nogoods are allowed in the set of justifications), mainly relying on the intuitive idea that a contrapositrve use of justifications is needed to resolve inconsistencies. The idea is first formalized by means of the notion of three-valued labeling and then through a transformation which explicitly adds all contrapositives of the justifications. An abductive characterization of the JTMS is provided through a further transformation which converts a set of nonmonotonic justifications to a corresponding abduction framework. This approach provides a unifying framework, based on the notion of abduction, for describing both JTMSs and assumption-based TMSs (ATMSs).
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 61
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    DESIGNING AND BUILDING A NEGOTIATING AUTOMATED AGENT (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Computational intelligence 11 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8640
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Negotiations are very important in a multiagenl environment, particularly, in an environment where there are conflicts between the agents, and cooperation would be beneficial. We have developed a general structure for a Negotiating Automated Agent that consists of five modules: a Prime Minister, a Ministry of Defense, a Foreign Office, a Headquarters and Intelligence. These modules are implemented using a dynamic set of local agents belonging to the different modules. We used this structure to develop a Diplomacy player. Diplomat. Playing Diplomacy involves a certain amount of technical skills as in other board games, but the capacity to negotiate, explain, convince, promise, keep promises or break them, is an essential ingredient in good play. Diplomat was evaluated and consistently played better than human players.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 62
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    ISTAR — a tool for creative design of knowledge bases (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper gives a comprehensive explanation of the Istar knowledge representation software tool. Not only does it describe the features and facilities found in Istar, but it discusses why they are as they are.Istar is one of a new generation of knowledge representation tools, aimed at ill-structured domains of knowledge. While it can be used in traditional KBS projects, in which pieces of knowledge from a domain expert are assembled to form a working knowledge base, it is designed for situations in which there is a large element of creative design: knowledge refinement and generation resulting from the knowledge representation process.The knowledge representation ‘language’ is purely graphical; the knowledge engineer ‘draws’ knowledge on an easel as a box and arrows diagram. Behind this diagram is the knowledge base itself, in the form of integrated inference nets, Bayesian nets and semantic nets. This paper discusses the reasons for these design choices and, briefly, some of the issues faced in development of Istar.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00124.x
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  • 63
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    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Open Distributed Systems Jon Crowcrofi
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00128.x
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  • 64
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Increased domain security through application of local security and monitoring (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper presents a model for increasing security within a security domain through the use of localised security services and continuous monitoring. The model divides security services between three logical structures Local Security Units, Local Security Servers and Domain Management Centres. The localisation of security allows the functional divisions within organisations to implement modified security dependent upon their individual needs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00126.x
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  • 65
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents work on an interactive fault diagnosis expert system for a helpdesk application. A knowledge representation and inference algorithm is proposed to satisfy three design specifications: (1) no parallel event exists in human fault reporting; (2) the diagnostic sequence is unpredictable, and (3) the inference engine is passive in an event-driven environment. A lattice data structure is designed for knowledge representation, which is generated automatically from a script of decision rules. The inference engine works in a transaction-like style by prompting and responding to the user according to the knowledge in the lattice. It can explicitly guide the inference sequence, as well as respond to ad hoc input from the user.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00120.x
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  • 66
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    Digitale Medien
    A generic, object-oriented case-knowledge representation scheme, and its integration into a wider information management scenario (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A knowledge base management system (KBMS) realises a combination of techniques found in database management systems and knowledge-based systems. At the data model and knowledge representation level, many systems of this kind constitute a marriage of the relational data model and the rule-based reasoning. Experience has shown that either approach is restricted in the way it can express the demanding information and knowledge structures required for applications like decision support systems. Two new technologies offer an exciting new integrated approach to knowledge management. Object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS) provide an object model that supports powerful abstraction mechanisms to facilitate the modelling of highly structured information. Whereas case-based reasoning (CBR) systems are knowledge bases which organise their capabilities around a memory of past cases and the notion of similarity. Both types of system are built upon two fundamental concepts: 1) the retrieval of entities with potentially complex structure, called objects in the former, and cases in the latter type of system; 2) the organisation of those entities in collections with common characteristics. In an OODBMS such collections are termed extents, and in CBR they are usually called categories. In either system, the conceptual meta notion to represent both, objects as well as extents, and cases as well as categories, is the class.Revolving around a Conceptual Case Class and extending a standard object model, this paper proposes a novel and general approach to represent case-knowledge and to build KBMSs. The work presented here is a spin-off of the design of an object query language within the ESPRIT project Lynx.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00121.x
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  • 67
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Expert system technology in organisational process domain modelling (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Organisational processes are repetitive, time-consuming and interdependent, requiring several members to interact for successful completion. Moreover, when organisations change their operating procedures it becomes difficult to carry out even routine tasks because of the confusion and lack of communication. By studying the organisational processes and the knowledge required to execute them, we can create generic process models that could be stored persistently in a repository. This process repository can serve as a corporate knowledge base, which could be accessed by intelligent computer assistants for automating organisational processes. This paper presents a framework of intelligent assistants that can emulate the behaviour of human agents in organisational problem-solving. The generic process models can also be customised to meet the changing needs of the organisation. We present a domain modelling approach to organisational process modelling and an expert system for customising process models. The paper also describes the architecture and design of the proof-of-concept prototype that supports organisational process modelling, as well as process execution through intelligent computer assistants.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00280.x
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  • 68
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A comparison of knowledge elicitation methods (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: This paper describes a computer based approach to comparing data obtained for Knowledge Based Systems via established but very varied knowledge elicitation (KE) techniques. It describes not only the detailed comparison of different KE methods (in this case ‘scaling’ and ‘non-scaling’) but also investigates the use of ‘demonstration’ or ‘evaluation’ systems, as a variation on the more established rapid prototyping approaches to the elicitation and evaluation of knowledge for KBS construction, in this case by focusing upon the quality and relevance of the elicited knowledge from the perspective of the expert himself. Preliminary results from the study reported here suggest that non-scaling methods produce a greater amount of raw data than scaling methods, and that this data is less likely to require correction or modification for inclusion within a Knowledge Based System. However, the results also indicate that non-scaling derived data is more likely than scaling derived data data to be rejected outright.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00125.x
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  • 69
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications of artificial neural networks to the nonlinear combination of forecasts (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper proposes artificial neural networks (ANN) as a tool for nonlinear combination of forecasts. In this study, three forecasting models are used for individual forecasts, and then two linear combining methods are used to compare with the ANN combining method. The comparative experiment using real-world data shows that the prediction by the ANN method outperforms those by linear combining methods. The paper suggests that the ANN method can be used as an alternative to conventional linear combining methods to achieve greater forecasting accuracy.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00119.x
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  • 70
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Process factors in knowledge acquisition (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Knowledge acquisition (KA) is often characterised as a crucial bottleneck in the development of expert system applications. General definitions of KA view it as a collection of subprocesses such as elicitation, analysis and representation, but in actual practice, each KA occurrence may involve one or all of these subprocesses in varying sequences and combinations. No model or framework currently exists for describing the many possible variations in KA processes as they actually occur. This article presents a new way of characterising knowledge acquisition processes that is not tied to one particular technique or approach to KA. Three nested levels are proposed to characterise the many possible variations and combinations of KA dynamics: the process, episode and transaction levels of analysis. Each of these is further delineated in a top-down manner. Not only does this scheme provide a fairly comprehensive means for viewing KA dynamics as a whole, but it suggests several factors that have heretofore drawn little research attention. The suggested constructs capture more accurately what actually occurs in the practice of KA. In so doing they also provide the foundation for structuring future research into how KA processes may unfold.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00283.x
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  • 71
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Citation-based journal rankings for expert system research (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Research into the development and impacts of expert systems has accumulated to a point where it may be said to constitute a distinct field of study. As such, the evolution, organisation and dissemination of expert system research are themselves topics for investigation. Here we focus on the dissemination aspect, providing objective rankings of journals that have had the greatest impacts on recent expert system research. Our study examines the citation patterns of all research published in five expert systems journals during the past five years. Over 14 000 citations to more than 800 journals are analysed under two kinds of ranking schemes. These are based on cumulative citation counts and normalised citation counts. The latter adjusts for the number of years a journal article has been available to be cited. The reported rankings will be of interest to all who want to know where scientific developments that influence expert system research are reported: those who conduct, support, evaluate and study expert system research.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00268.x
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  • 72
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The resurgence of the AI field: IJCAI‘95, Montreal, 20–25 August 1995 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00274.x
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  • 73
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A framework for the generation of project-specific quality control for knowledge-based system development (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: : This paper describes a framework for the generation of quality control procedures for knowledge-based system (KBS) projects. KBS projects have their own brand of technical difficulties. These are discussed, and the mismatch between KBS projects and traditional software quality assurance (SQA) approaches is described. An iterative approach to quality is suggested based upon Boehm's Spiral Model of project management. The principles of this approach are described followed by a description of the elements of the framework under development, including inputs, outputs and internal functionality. The operation of the framework is then demonstrated in relation to the Spiral Model. Application of the framework to KBS development project issues is then discussed in relation to current guidelines for KBS quality assurance.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00282.x
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  • 74
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00285.x
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  • 75
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A knowledge-based approach for task allocation in heterogeneous distributed computer systems (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: This paper presents a knowledge-based system for task allocation in a network of processors. Since the problem is NP-complete, optimisation techniques are computationally prohibitive and impractical. Our approach reduces computational burden by using (1) a two-level hierarchical scheduling model to alleviate the problem complexity, and (2) a search strategy that uses knowledge from the knowledge base to limit the search space to a manageable size. The major goal of our approach is to generate good but not necessarily optimal solutions quickly. The system is implemented on a Sun SPARCstation 1 + using Common Lisp. Our computational experience in using this system for task allocation indicates that the two-level hierarchical approach generates better schedules in shorter computational time than a non-hierarchical approach.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00267.x
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  • 76
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Virtual reality tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00057.x
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  • 77
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00058.x
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  • 78
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Knowledge acquisition and adaptation: a genetic approach (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A genetic algorithm-based (GA-based) system (GAPOLE) is used to evolve a self-learning, self-optimising control strategy for a typical inherently unstable, dynamic system—a simulated pole-cart system. The dynamics of the system are unknown to GAPOLE. The only information for evaluating performance is a signal indicating that the pole-cart system is out of control. This presents a genuinely difficult credit assignment problem. We present some evidence which shows that GAPOLE compares well with the best alternative methods, but it is noteworthy that it is most robust. It is argued that maintaining a population of partial solutions offers some advantages: GA-based algorithms can deliver more than one good solution at a time; they are able to adapt better in complex changing conditions. Results characterising the performance of the method as population size is varied are also presented. The results show that GAPOLE performed best with a population size of 300. Therefore it is suggested that this parameter, like other GA parameters, may have to be tailored to a particular application. This appears to contradict an earlier claim that a population size in the range of 60–110 is optimal for genetic algorithm-based applications (Grefenstette 1986) across domains.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00021.x
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  • 79
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Best Practice Guidelines for neural computing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00026.x
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  • 80
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Curtain call for the disabled (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00028.x
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  • 81
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neural networks (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00031.x
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  • 82
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Languages (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00036.x
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  • 83
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Object-oriented technology (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00039.x
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  • 84
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applying KADS to KADS: knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineering (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The KADS methodology (Schreiber et al. 1993; Tansley & Hayball 1993) and its successor, CommonKADS (Wielinga et al. 1992) have proved to be very useful approaches for modelling the various transformations involved between eliciting knowledge from an expert and encoding this knowledge in a computer program. These transformations are represented in a series of models. While it is widely agreed that these methods are excellent approaches from a theoretical viewpoint, the documentation provided concentrates on defining what models should be produced, with only general guidance on how the models should be produced. This has the advantage of making KADS and CommonKADS widely applicable, but it also means that considerable training and experience is required to become proficient in them. This paper reviews three projects that investigated the feasibility of producing specific guidance for certain decisions which are required when using KADS or CommonKADS to develop a knowledge-based system. Guidance was produced for the identification of the generic task addressed by a knowledge-based system; for the selection of appropriate AI techniques for implementing the analysed knowledge; and for selecting a suitable tool for implementing the system. Each set of guidance was encoded in its own knowledge-based system, which was itself developed with the assistance of KADS or CommonKADS. These projects therefore both studied and applied KADS and CommonKADS in order to produce knowledge-based guidance for knowledge engineers. The projects showed that it was feasible to produce heuristic guidance which could be understood, applied and occasionally overridden by knowledge engineers. The guidance provides reasonably experienced knowledge engineers with a framework for making the key decisions required by CommonKADS, in the same way that CommonKADS provides knowledge engineers with a framework for representing knowledge. The projects also produced some new insights about CommonKADS domain modelling and about the process of task identification.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00022.x
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  • 85
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Applications (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00029.x
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  • 86
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Intelligent agents (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00032.x
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  • 87
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Tools (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00035.x
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  • 88
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Hardware (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00038.x
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  • 89
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Company news (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00041.x
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  • 90
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Conferences, courses, seminars (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00042.x
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  • 91
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An object-oriented system for ergonomic risk assessment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: During the last decade, cumulative trauma disorders have become a major concern both to occupational health and safety professionals and manufacturing industries. This paper will present the development of a knowledge-based system for predicting the potential of developing strain injuries among employees exposed to repetitive and forceful activities. This potential is identified through the use of an expert system incorporating a fuzzy set algorithm. Recommendations for the prevention of the resulting CTDs are then provided by the system. The system executes on a microcomputer platform, and was constructed utilising a commercial object-oriented expert system shell.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00047.x
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  • 92
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Strategies defined for the development of applications using Multilayer Perceptrons: A survey (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The success in developing an application employing the Multilayer perceptron (MLP) as knowledge representation form is very dependent on the degree of complexity that the structure of the application's domain has. Different mathematical and/or statistical techniques have been developed to subtract the maximum amount of information of this type from an available sample of the operating space associated to the task of interest. In the context of MLP it has been used to decide on the form the different intervening parameters of the network and/or related learning algorithm (LA) should have. This paper provides an overview of the processes that have been defined to generate network applications using the MLP model, giving particular attention to those based on the dynamic creation of a network's architecture through the application of different techniques for subtracting information about the operating domain in which the training set is subsumed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00185.x
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  • 93
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    INVEX: Investment Advisory Expert System (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Capital investment is a very important business decision, because it is largely irreversible and usually long-term. We believe that the use of expert systems as a decision aid for interactive investment decision-making offers several advantages to an unassisted human decision-maker, or even to the human/conventional-DSS combination. For example, the expert system could capture valuable information about so called ‘hard data’, and about the attitude towards some drastic changes in the environment, that are not easy to include in any quantitative method. However, if one expert can play a very important role in the decision-making process, perhaps different experts can be even more valuable, bringing different approaches and somewhat different sets of information to a decision-making situation. Our multiparadigm blackboard framework, called BEST (Blackboard-based Expert Systems Toolkit), allows its user to combine knowledge coming from different experts, and to use different methods/paradigms to capture that knowledge, according to the type of partial problem at hand where each knowledge source is a single paradigm program. In investment decision-making, judgmental investment ranking and selection from expert economists, embedded in a rule-based knowledge source, might be combined with decisions from operational research methods (embedded in a knowledge source that fully respects multicriteria optimization paradigm) and from risk analysis method (embedded in a conventional, procedural knowledge source). When the decisions being combined come from different types of knowledge sources, redundancy is likely to be reduced and the combined decision is likely to be more objective.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00183.x
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  • 94
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    News (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00188.x
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  • 95
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    An expert system for unit commitment and power demand prediction using fuzzy logic and neural networks (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 13 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The paper discusses the implementation of a fuzzy logic and artificial neural networks approach to providing a structural framework for the representation, manipulation and utilisation of data and information concerning prediction of power demand and generation commitments. An algorithm has been implemented and trained to predict the power demand at each load point on an hourly basis. The neural network is then implemented to supply the brute force necessary to accommodate the large amount of sensory data to provide the initial evaluation of the generation units to be committed. Results of the fuzzy model show a reasonable correspondence with the actual power demand. A standard deviation error for an hourly based prediction is limited to 4.4. Further refinement of the fuzzy model may produce further improvements. Implementation of artificial neural networks for scheduling an hourly unit commitment based on load demands is also discussed The backpropagation technique based on the I/O mapping method has been chosen for structuring the neural network. Geographically related load points and generating units are clustered into groups. Grouping has significantly reduced the number of inputs and outputs to the neural network and, hence, reduced the system complexity. As a result, both training requirements and running real time interaction are significantly improved. The expert system would replace and utilise the requirement for skilled dispatchers in scheduling the generators. It is anticipated that this facility is more accurate, dynamic, adaptive and more efficient than a skilled dispatcher. The overall cost of power generation is expected to be less if the new facility is used. Initial results have reflected a satisfactory correlation between predicted and actual results, with a standard deviation error of 1.71% and 1.96% in the base load units of HTPS and ATPS respectively.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1996.tb00281.x
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  • 96
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Toward an intelligent architectural design aid (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Architectural design is a complex task which requires expert knowledge, a great deal of experience and no small amount of creativity and artistic flair. However, while humans are very good at creativity, intuition, artistry and evaluation, they are notoriously bad at routine mundane tasks. Searching through large databases of past designs can be such a task. This can result in useful design knowledge being ignored. In this paper we present a way to aid architects in their work by providing a software tool aimed at recording, retrieving and evaluating architectural designs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00110.x
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  • 97
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A bibliography of neural network business applications research: 1988–September 1994 (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: The purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive bibliography of neural network application research in business. One hundred and twenty-seven neural network application papers and reports are identified through exhaustive literature searches. A classification of these articles by application area reveals that neural networks are being used for a diverse range of corporate functional activities, particularly in the areas of production/operations and finance. Information on the neural network development language/tool, the learning paradigm and the computer operating environment as reported in each article is included. Those journals which have published the most neural network business applications are also presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00114.x
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  • 98
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A neural network-based real-time robot tracking controller using position sensitive detectors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: A real-time visual servo tracking system for an industrial robot has been developed. Instead of a charge coupled device (CCD), a position sensitive detector (PSD) is used as the real-time vision sensor due to its fast response (the light position is transduced to analogue current). A neural network learns the complex association between the 3D object position and its sensor reading, and uses it to track that object, either moving or stationary. It also turns out that this scheme lends itself to a user-friendly way to teach workpaths for industrial robots. Furthermore, for real-time use of the neural net, an efficient neural network architecture has been developed based on the concept of input space partitioning and local learning. Real experiments indicate the system's characteristics of fast processing and learning as well as optimal usage of network resources.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00044.x
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  • 99
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Negotiation in a knowledge-based concurrent engineering design environment (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract: Computational support for concurrent engineering design presents a number of issues in the design of knowledge-based systems. A fundamental concern is the need to provide the life-cycle perspective in recommending design alternatives. It is argued that such a complex knowledge-based system should be distributed, due to the inherent problems with large knowledge bases and the maintenance of consistency. Inconsistent local views of a problem and different priorities on design issues are expected between different knowledge-based design perspectives. These inconsistencies and different priorities will lead inherently to conflict which has to be resolved. This paper addresses the issues and key variables in conflict resolution and presents a strategy that can be applied for managing the conflict resolution process. We propose negotiation as the method of analysing a conflict situation, applying an appropriate conflict resolution strategy and monitoring its performance. We present an overview of the nature of conflict and some conflict resolution strategies, and see in what situations certain strategies are appropriate.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00046.x
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  • 100
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Book Reviews (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Expert systems 12 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-0394
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Informatik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0394.1995.tb00049.x
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