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  • Articles  (40,018)
  • 1945-1949  (40,018)
  • Medicine  (40,018)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Das Elektrovenogramm (Evg) der isolierten Flughautvene (Chiroptera) (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 28-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The electrovenogram of the isolated vein of the wing membrane (Chiroptera) exhibits two main irregularities in its diphasic action current—a fast initial wave before the beginning of the systole and a very protracted after-wave. Following this the rise and fall of potential run parallel with the contraction and dilatation of the vessels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164288
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La nature de la substance minérale de l'os (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 421-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In answer to objections put forward byBrandenberger andSchintz against their theory concerning the chemical nature of bone salts, the authors afford supplementary evidence about the real crystalline and chemical entity of hydrated tricalcium phosphate. According to the conditions, the precipitate contains either dicalcium phosphate or lime and this affects the nature of the product obtained by calcination. The mineral bone substance is not a hydroxylapatite because it turns either to carbonato-apatite or oxyapatite according to carbon dioxide being kept or not in the crystal lattice. The X-ray patterns of those two apatites are undoubtedly different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144988
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kondensationsprodukte von Oxyketonen und Aminoketonen mit 2,4,5-Triamino-6-oxy-pyrimidin (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 427-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary By condensing 2:4:5-triamino-6-hydroxy-pyrimidine with dihydroxyacetone (diacetate), diaminoacetone or acetone-1,3-di (p-formylaminobenzoic acid) not the expected 8- or 9-oxymethyl resp. -aminomethyl-pteridines but 8-or 9-methyl-pteridines were obtained. With p-tolyl-d-isoglucosamine not a tetrahydroxybutyl-pteridine but a trihydroxybutyl-pteridine was formed. For an explanation of these results it is supposed that from the dihydro-pteridines formed at first by intramolecular splitting off of H2O or R·NH2 aromatization takes place.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144992
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über ein Chromoplastin aus reifenden Tomaten (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 431-432 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) By precipitation with ammonium sulfate, streptomycin, or calcium salts, we obtained from the pulp of tomatoes a substance containing carotinoids. The behaviour of this substance was analogous to that of chloroplst-substance and to that of animal cytoplasmatic nucleoproteins. Like these it contains proteins, lipids, and very probably nucleic acids. We regard this substance as achromoplastine. (2) Experiments with slices of green tomatoes show that the changing over of the chlorophyll content into the carotinoid content is inhibited by the presence of streptomycin. (3) Streptomycin inhibits the formation of chlorophyll in etiolated separated cabbage leafs, just as this drug inhibits the formation of chlorophyll in growing seeds. (4) The development of anthocyanides is not influenced by streptomycin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144995
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    La teneur du noyau cellulaire en acide désoxyribonucléique à travers les organes, les individus et les espèces animales (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 434-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Techniques are described for the isolation of nuclei from animals cells and for the determination of the desoxyribonucleic acid content for each nucleus. These techniques have already been used in order to study a few mammalian species. From the first results (especially in calf, ox and bull), it seems to appear that the nucleus of the somatic cells contains constantly the same amount of desoxyribonucleic acid, whatever tissue and animal we studied within the same species; and this amount is just the double of that of the haploid cells (spermatozoa) in the same animal. This result constitutes a strong argument, from the analytical point of view, for the theory according to which the desoxyribonucleic acid is considered to be the substrate of the hereditary characters of the species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144998
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Livres sur l'Endocrinologie (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145013
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecotype, ecospecies, and macroevolution (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 465-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Der Autor tritt erneut der Ansicht der Neodarwinisten entgegen, daß geographische, erbliche Varianten Vorstufen neuer Arten seien. Für deren Entstehung sowie für Merkmale höherer Einheiten kommen nur plötzlich große und nicht einzelne summierende Mutationsschritte in Betracht. Mikromutationen liefern lediglich das Material für die Entstehung von Rassen und Unterarten. Nicht nur größere systematische Unterschiede, sondern auch Anpassungsmerkmale kommen durch Großmutationen zustande. Als Beispiele werden unter anderem zwei Mutationen beiDrosphila melanogaster angeführt. Bei der einen sind die Flügel in Halteren, oder umgekehrt, diese in Flügel, umgebildet. Bei der anderen, vom Autor aufgefundenen, sind aus den Flügeln beinartige Organe geworden. Diese Mutante ist außerdem deswegen von Bedeutung, weil sich nach Kreuzung mit anderen Mutationen Merkmale entwickeln, die an den letzteren nicht erscheinen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the zoological specificity of myosin and actin (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 480-481 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Riassunto È possibile ottenere actomiosina, sensibile all'ATP, combinando miosine e actine di diverse specie di Vertebrati. La miosina di aragosta, per lo meno quale fin qui estratta; non si combina con le actine dei Vertebrati. Le miosine di coniglio, colombo e teleosteo si combinano con l'actina di aragosta formando un'actomiosina sensibile all'ATP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164508
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of streptomycin on tissue cultures (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 483-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164510
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouveaux livres (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 408-409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145212
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrobiologische Anstalt Plön der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 411-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145214
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The serini reaction (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 418-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Der Mechanismus der Serini-Reaktion wird kurz erörtert und ein 17, 20-Oxyd als Zwischenprodukt vorgeschlagen. Das stereochemische Ergebnis der Reaktion soll von zwei Faktoren abhängig sein, und zwar: 1. von der Geometrie des « transition state » und 2. von der Konfiguration des Oxydrings. Ausgehend von diesen Überlegungen, kann vorausgesagt werden, daßReichsteins Substanz 0-Diacetat durch die Serini-Reaktion in ein 17-Iso-20-keton und nicht in ein 17-Normal-20-keton umgewandelt werden soll. Tatsächlich ist das 17-Isoallopregnanol-(3β)-on-20 als einziges Produkt experimentell aufgefunden worden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144987
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Kristallstruktur des Azulens (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 425-426 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé La structure du réseau spatial de l'azulène cristallisé a été déterminée à l'aide des rayons X. Les valeurs des constantes du réseau sont en général les mêmes que celles trouvées parMisch etvan der Wyk. Au contraire, la statistique des interférences observées montre des différences importantes et conduit au groupe spatial P 21/a, à la place de P 21 et P 21/m indiqué par les auteurs cités.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144990
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification of arginase (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 432-433 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Résumé Nombreux sont les travaux qui traitent de la séparation et de la purification de l'arginase. Le présent travail décrit une méthode de purification qui permet d'obtenir une arginase active contenant des traces d'impuretés (80% d'arginase active).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02144996
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Beiträge zur Frage des Menotoxins (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 447-448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments on tadpoles showed that during menstruation the toxicity of the urine is increased. The authors regard this as a proof for the existence of a “menotoxin”.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145007
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    VIII Kongreß der Internationalen astronomischen Union in Zürich (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 451-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145011
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    10. Internationaler Limnologenkongreß in Zürich 10.–25. August 1948 (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 452-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145012
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quelques problèmes actuels du paramagnétisme (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 453-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In three chapters the most important topics of paramagnetism are reviewed. In the first chapter a short introduction to normal paramagnetism is given and then the phenomena of paramagnetic relaxation are described and discussed. The second chapter deals with the resonance phenomena occurring when an oscillating magnetic field is applied perpendicular to a large constant field. In normal paramagnetic substances these phenomena are studied with the aid of centimetre waves while the corresponding resonance for atomic nuclei is observable at common radio wavelengths. It is stressed that the observation of nuclear magnetic resonance has opened a number of new domains of research. Special attention is given to the unravelling of nuclear magnetic relaxation. In the last chapter the attainment of extremely low temperatures by adiabatic demagnetization is described. It is indicated how thermodynamic temperatures have been determined down to 3 millidegrees absolute. Finally it is mentioned that attempts are being carried out to align atomic nuclei at the low temperatures reached.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164500
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On naturally occurring colorless polyenes (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 474-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die farblosen, lebhaft fluoreszierenden Polyene, Phytofluen und Phytofluenol, wurden in Pflanzenextrakten aufgefunden. Sie werden spektroskopisch sowie chromatographisch gekennzeichnet und ihre Beziehung zu carotinoiden Farbstoffen wird besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164503
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antigens in the egg and early developmental stages of the sea-urchin (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 481-483 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Eier des SeeigelsParacentrotus lividus wurden in unbefruchtetem Zustand und in verschiedenen Entwicklungsstadien gefroren, vakuumgetrocknet, fein zerrieben und mit 0,9%iger Kochsalzlösung extrahiert. Diese Produkte wurden als Suspensionen Kaninchen injiziert und damit Immunsera erhalten, in denen spezifische Antikörper mit Hilfe der Präcipitinreaktion nachzuweisen waren. Als Antigenlösungen dienten klare, dialysierte Zentrifugate der Extrakte. Mit spezifischer Adsorption konnte folgendes festgestellt werden: In den Extrakten von 48 Stunden alten Larven (Plutei) ist eine Antigenfraktion vorhanden, die in früheren Stadien noch fehlt. Sie wird offenbar von der Seeigelzelle erst nach vollendetem Blastulastadium und nach begonnener Gastrulation in größerer Menge gebildet. Extrakte von 48 Stunden alten Larven, die durch Lithiumbehandlung stark vegetativiert waren, unterschieden sich in ihrer serologischen Konstitution anscheinend nicht von denen normaler Plutei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164509
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zum Problem des Stoffwechsels der Brenztraubensäurein vivo (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 31-31 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Following intravenous injection of pyruvic acid (PA) in the form of the sodium salt in the normal rabbit the level of PA in the blood rises, falling again to the initial level after 60 minutes. In the case of the alloxandiabetic animal the elimination of PA administered in equal doses is markedly retarded. If animals are used that suffer from a progredient alloxan diabetes leading to death in coma, an increased endogenous hyperpyruviæmia can be demonstrated. Insulin plays no part in the regulation of PA metabolism; through the application of aneurin, however, one succeeds in enabling the organism to make use of PA. A separate report will deal with the complex relations holding in endogenous hyperpyruviæmia in coma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164291
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Theorie des Föhns (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 36-37 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164297
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prévention de l'œdème aigu expérimental du poumon par un antihistaminique de synthèse dérivé de la thiodiphénylamine (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 34-35 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary N-dimethylamino-2-propyl-1-phenothiazine (3277 R.P.) has been shown to possess an antihistamine and anti-anaphylactic activity that is unequaled up to now. Hypodermic preventive injections regularly protect the rabbit against acute pulmonary œdema provoked by epinephrine. An intravenous injection of this substance made 3 to 4 minutes after an intravenous injection of epinephrine, that is at the time an acute pulmonary œdema seems to begin, is able to prevent fatal consequences. The hypertensive action of adrenaline, and the resulting dilatation of the heart is not prevented by the phenothiazine derivative. The antihistamine substance seems to exercise an effect on capillary permeability when preventing acute pulmonary œdema.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164294
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nouveaux livres (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 37-38 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164298
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wirkung von isomeren Hexachlorocyclohexanen auf das Wachstum vonPisumwurzeln in steriler Organkultur (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 147-149 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary (1) A specific response of pea roots in sterile culture to gammexane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) has been observed; theα-isomer is inactive. Slow concentrations (10γ/ml) of gammexane inhibit the growth-rate of pea roots in a fairly high degree. 1γ/ml does not influence the growth. (2) i-inositol—even in high concentration (60γ i-inositol to 6γ gammexane) does not show any antigammexane activity. Corresponding to the results obtained bySchopfer, Posternak and Miss Boss we could not find any direct correspondence between gammexane and i-inositol as it has been postulated bySlade. Any conclusions about spacial configuration of gammexane based upon biological investigations would be premature.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164344
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Milz und Häminstoffwechsel (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 153-154 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the rat splenectomy has no influence on the level of hæmoglobin and of cytochrome c. The participation of the spleen in the metabolism of hæm pigments is either negligible or can be compensated for by extra-splenic activities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164348
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lo sviluppo dei tumori da benzopirene nel ratto, studiato nella struttura dei nuclei cellulari (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 156-158 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser studieren an Quetschpräparaten die Kernstruktur in Benzopyrensarkomen der Ratte. Mit der Feulgenreaktion werden die Entwicklungsvorgänge der Geschwulstzellen analysiert und die Hauptphasen beschrieben, die durch die Ruhekernanalyse erkannt werden können. Die Kernphänomene in Benzopyrensarkomen entsprechen weitgehend denjenigen, die in spontanen Karzinomen des Menschen beobachtet werden.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164352
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    300 Jahre Barometer (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 162-164 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164356
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  • 29
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    Congrès (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 164-164 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02164357
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
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    Über die bakteriostatische Wirkung von Anthocyanen und verwandten Stoffen (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 72-73 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Some anthocyanins and flavonols have been found to have no bacteriostatic effect on pathogenic micro-organisms.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02155989
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  • 31
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sur la régénération des cholinestérases du sang (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 75-75 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Blood deprived of the plasma and blood cells cholinesterases by DFP was transfused into a normal dog after total bleeding. The experiments showed that although the blood cholinesterases were at a very low level in the transfused animals, no so-called “cholinergic reactions” could be observed. However, the blood cholinesterases regenerate very fast from the tissue cholinesterases.
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  • 32
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    La structure de certaines terminaisons nerveuses montre des variations cycliques (1948)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 394-395 
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    Notes: Summary All sensory endings of the trigeminal nerve in the dura mater of the rat are formed by a small swelling, from which continues themetaterminal apparatus, fine filaments at the limit of visibility. Periodically the fine granules at the extremity of the filaments swell, whereas the fibrils themselves disappear, leaving a small, round, argentophil mass. Later the filaments reappear, then redeposit their debris, which persists for a time. Thus the metaterminal apparatus manifests cyclic variations, which recall the transitory existence of collaterals observed duringin vivo orin vitro development of nerve fibres.
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    Cyanase, a new enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of cyanate (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 398-399 
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    Notes: Résumé Une nouvelle enzyme a été découverte dans le foie, le rein et les érythrocytes. Cette enzyme catalyse l'hydrolyse du cyanate en NH3 et CO2. Le substrat de cette enzyme est le plus simple des composés azotés organiques connus aujourd'hui qui soit hydrolysé par une enzyme thermolabile.
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    Die Wirkung von synthetischen Antihistaminkörpern auf die Senfölchemosis am Kaninchenauge (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 400-402 
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    Notes: Summary Intravenous or subcutaneous administration of pyribenzamine and other antihistaminics is able to decrease, and to delay the appearance of chemosis produced by mustard oils in the eye of the rabbit. Simultaneously occurring vascular reactions, on the other hand, are but slightly affected by antihistaminics. Intravenous or subcutaneous administration of rutin has no clear-cut effect on chemosis; it is however able to inhibit the vascular reaction.
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    Some remarks on the aglucosuric blood sugar concentration (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 198-199 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Zu einer kürzlich erschienenen Arbeit vonFöldi und Mitarbeitern wird folgendes festgestellt: Ihre «aglykosurische Blutzuckerkonzentration» (Ag=die höchste Blutzuckerkonzentration, bei der eben noch kein Zucker im Harn erscheint), ist bei ein und derselben Person eine vom momentanen Blutzuckerwert unabhängige Größe, obwohl in der Formel fürAg die Blutzuckerkonzentration (Pg) vorkommt. Die Formel fürAg ist nur fürPg〉Ag definiert. Wenn manAg bei verschiedenen Personen bestimmt und die Ergebnisse in ein Koordinatensystem (AbszissePg, OrdinateAg) einträgt, dann fallen die Punkte, die einer normalen Nierentätigkeit entsprechen, in einen mit der Abszisse parallelen Streifen. Dieser liegt im Bereiche der physiologischen Werte der Nierenzuckerschwelle. Punkte unterhalb dieses Streifens deuten auf eine vergrößerte, Punkte oberhalb des Streifens auf eine verminderte «Zuckerdurchlässigkeit» der Nieren hin. Mit den vorliegenden kritischen Bemerkungen soll nicht bestritten werden, daß es — wie dasFöldi und Mitarbeiter betont haben — klinisch bedeutsam ist, die durch Nierenfaktoren komplizierten Diabetesfälle zu erkennen.
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    Corrigenda (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 204-204 
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    Über die Änderung der Hydrolyse von Tetrachlorkohlenstoff durch Röntgenstrahlen bei Zugabe von Alkohol (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 219-220 
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    Notes: Summary Hydrolysis of carbon tetrachloride in aqueous solutions by X-rays is changed quantitatively and qualitatively when alcohol is added to the solutions. This change is conform with a new theory of the actions of radiations published recently by one of the authors.
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    Conduction, automaticity, and tonus of visceral muscles (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 213-218 
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    Notes: Résumé Les muscles lisses des Vertébrés appartiennent à deux catégories: ceux des viscères, lesquels ont une fonction automatique, et ceux qui comme les muscles des vaisseaux sanguins sont innervés par les nerfs moteurs. Les propriétés physiologiques des muscles lisses viscéraux sont très semblables à celles du muscle cardiaque ainsi que l'a montré l'étude de la conduction, du potentiel d'action et des effets du courant électrique. Les particularités des muscles lisses viscéraux tiennent en grande partie à la lenteur de leur réaction et aux fluctuations que présente leur excitabilité. Cette dernière est influencée par des facteurs tels que des hormones, des excitations transmises par les nerfs extrinsèques et, dans le cas de l'intestin, par le système nerveux intrinsèque. Les contractions spontanées débutent par une activité locale qui augmente lentement et se manifeste par un changement du potentiel et un accroissement du «tonus». Le tonus se produit dans les muscles lisses par diverses modifications de l'état physiologique. Rien ne prouve qu'il soit provoqué par un mécanisme essentiellement différent de celui des contractions rapides.
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    Influences des modifications simultanées de la concentration en ions K et Ca du liquide céphalorachidien sur le système vasomoteur (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 154-155 
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    Notes: Summary In dogs anæsthetized with morphine-chloralosane, the cerebral ventricles are perfused with artificial solutions. After having been warmed up to body temperature, these solutions are allowed to flow into a lateral ventricle by a needle inserted laterally through the skull, the outflow taking place through a second needle placed suboccipitally in the cisterna. An excess of potassium in the cerebral ventricles increases the vasomotor tonus and the vasomotor responses produced by faradization of the central end of the vagus in the neck and by changing the pressure in the isolated carotid sinuses. An excess of calcium depresses the tonus of the vasomotor center and its reflex responses. An excess of calcium may be neutralized by an excess of potassium. Perfusion with a solution containing no calcium increases the tonus and the responses of the vasomotor center, while the absence of potassium does not seem to have any influence on the vasomotor system. A solution without potassium and calcium produces an increase of the tonus and the responses of the vasomotor center, these effects being due to the absence of calcium.
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    Wiederherstellung des normalen Herzschlages nach elektrisch erzeugtem Kammerflimmern durch Adenosintriphosphorsäure (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 155-156 
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    Notes: Summary (1) In the isolated mammalian heart (rabbit, cat, dog) electrically induced ventricular fibrillation is stopped in practically 100% of the cases by adenosin-triphosphoric acid (ATP) in doses of 0.25–20 mg, and the normal rhythm of the heart is permanently restored (as far as the experiment extends). (2) This effect of ATP follows from a primary blocking, which leads to a complete cessation of the activity of the ventricles with diastolic dilatation of the heart. (3) In as much as adenyl acid from yeast and adenosin (in large doses) also stop ventricular fibrillation, the energetic effect of ATP seems to be of no importance in stopping it; it is a specific effect of the adenyl compounds on the bundle ofHis.
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    Nouveaux livres (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 161-161 
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    Die modernen Methoden und Ergebnisse der Geophysik (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 164-164 
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    Die polarographische Untersuchung von Chalkonen und Flavanonen (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 192-193 
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    Notes: Summary It has been found by polarographic analysis in neutral or acid solution that chalcones show two reduction potentials, while flavanones show only one. It was possible to determine 2'-hydroxy-chalcone beside flavanone with a polarograph. The formation rate of a chalcone from an aldehyde and a ketone could be followed polarographically.
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    Microscopie électronique (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 449-449 
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    Notes: Summary A method for obtaining true replica at ordinary temperatures and without pressure is described, using laminated celluloid wetted by acetone. This process, followed by a silica film deposition, can also be used for electron microscopy.
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    Tensile strength and chemical composition of the middle lamella of the flax fibre (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 476-477 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Zugkraft nasser Flachsfasern nach Behandlung mit verschiedenen Chemikalien geprüft. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Mittellamelle der Flachsfaser verschiedene miteinander verbundene Systeme enthält, nämlich Pektin, Lignin und eine im Oxalat unlös iche alkaliempfindliche Komponente.
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    Glomerular and tubular function in experimental renal cortex ischæmia (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 278-279 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei Nierenrindenischämie (hervorgerufen nachTrueta und Mitarbeitern durch Faradisation des Nierenhilus) wurde die Nierenfunktion geprüft. Die Glomerulusfiltration, die effektive Blutdurchströmung und die maximale PAH-Ausscheidung, sanken bedeutend ab. Auch die maximale Zuckerresorption wurde erheblich reduziert, aber erheblich weniger als die „Clearance“ die Zuckerresorption im juxtamedullären Tubulus scheint demnach zu steigen. Die PAH-Konzentration des Blutes in der Vena renalis stieg nach der Faradisation sehr stark an; die Extraktion war also herabgesetzt.
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    Schweizer Komitee für Optik (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 283-283 
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    Warum sterben so wenig Menschen eines natürlichen Todes? (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 295-303 
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    Die symmetrische Kugelzone als extremaler Rotationskörper (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 304-305 
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    Notes: Summary For a convex body in three dimensions letV be the volume,F the surface area, andM the total mean curvature. TheBrunn-Minkowski theory gives the following well-known result: Among all the convex bodies withV andF fixed the spherical cap-body gives the maximum ofM.—The question regarding the minimum ofM has not yet been solved for the general case.—The authors prove that the minimum ofM is given by the symmetrical spherical zone, if we restrict our investigation to bodies of revolution.
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    Urämie durch kontinuierliche Verabreichung von Hypophysen-Hinterlappenhormon (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 229-231 
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    Notes: Summary Starving and thirsting rabbits were injected subcutaneously every three hours with two units of commercial posterior lobe extract (Glanduitrin Richter). The concentration of the urines, as measured by nitrogen and freezing-point determinations, declined sharply after an initial rise of three or four days duration. This hyposthenuria was accompanied by an azotaemia of 300–500 mg%. Such values are observed otherwise only in the last stages of kidney insufficiency. The concentrating power of the kidneys of control animals deprived of food and water was not impaired, the rise of N.P.N. unimportant. The origin of this “posterior lobe uraemia” is discussed. Hyposthenuria and not oliguria was found to be the important feature of the condition.
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    Zwei neuartige Erkrankungen bei Insekten (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 317-318 
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    Distribuzione di fosfatasi alcaline in gonadi di Crostacei isopodi in rapporto al ciclo degli acidi nucleici (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 315-317 
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    Notes: Summary The distribution of alkaline phosphatases has been studied in male and female gonads of some isopod crustaceans by means of Gomori's reaction. Monophosphatases are found on all Feulgen-positive nuclear structures, in the nucleolus and in the cytoplasm of young oocytes. They disappear from the cytoplasm in auxocytosis, during yolk formation, although they persist in the germinal vesicle. The authors think that the cytoplasmic localization is coincident with ribonucleic acid distribution. From the experiments related in the following note, nucleolar phosphatases appear to be in some way different from the nuclear (sensu stricto) and cytoplasmic phosphatases. Diphosphatases do not follow so closely the nucleic acid localization. They are absent from cytoplasm; in the nucleolus they are not distributed uniformly but show characteristic structure; in the nucleus they are not localized in the chromosomes but homogeneously diffused.
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    Curare (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 325-348 
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    Eine Feldmethode zur Wasseruntersuchung mit Ionenaustauschern (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 351-351 
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    Notes: Summary A procedure for rapid investigations of water is described. After measurement of thep H and determination of the alcalinity the cations are exchanged for H-ions in a bed of a synthetic resin exchanger. These are determined by titration with NaOH. Further data may be calculated approximately.
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    Cortical changes accompanying maturation in sea-urchin egg (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 353-355 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Kortikalschicht der Seeigeloozyten ist isotrop. Eine kortikale positive Doppelbrechung wird erst während der Reifung sichtbar. Am Anfang ist sie ganz schwach; der normale Zustand ist nach der zweiten Reifungsteilung erreicht. Die kortikale Doppelbrechung erscheint aber auch in den Oozyten durch Plasmolyse.
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    Nouvelle méthode de mesure de la concentration du radio-brome dans le matériel biologique (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 356-357 
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    Notes: Summary Description of a new method for extraction and measurement of radio-bromine in biological material. This method was especially adapted for the study of triphenylethylene bromine, synthetic estrogen. It seems to be utilizable in many other problems.
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    Congrès (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 367-368 
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    Azione riducente dei raggi X su soluzioni di bleu di metilene (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 109-110 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser beweisen, daß Röntgenstrahlen eine wässerige, nicht aber eine alkoholische Methylenblaulösung reduzieren. Das spricht für die Theorie der indirekten Wirkung der ionisierenden Strahlung. Als ionische Ausbeute dieser Versuche wurde etwa 0,2 gefunden. Verschiedene Substanzen (und zwar gesättigte und ungesättigte Verbindungen) schützen in verschiedenem Ausmaß das Methylenblau vor der Wirkung des aktivierten Wassers.
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    Effects of lithium cation and of thiocyanate anion on the viscosity of solutions of proteins from eggs and embryos (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 112-113 
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    Notes: Riassunto Le soluzioni di euglobulina b, estratte da uova non fecondate di axolotl, e quelle di una frazione, che si può estrarre con identico procedimento dal tuorlo dell'uovo di pollo, non contengono quantità apprezzabili di impurità di origine nucleare. Esse presentano aumento di viscosità ad opera di Li, diminuzione ad opera di SCN', se questi ioni vengono impiegati nelle concentrazioni attive nel produrre modificazioni dello sviluppo embrionale. Viene pertanto confermata la nostra interpretazione sul ruolo dell'euglobulina b nello sviluppo embrionale.
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    A.T.P. et extractibilité des myosines (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 152-153 
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    Notes: Summary A.T.P. has no influence upon the solubility of the myosins, but it hastens the dissociation of the myosin complexes inside of the myofibrils. The decrease in solubility of the myosins in stimulated muscles cannot be explained by a lack of A.T.P., for the addition of A.T.P. (0.3%) to the extract does not change the amount of myosin which goes into solution.
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    Recherches sur le mécanisme de l'action centrale de l'hexachlorocyclohexane et de la dibenzylméthylamine chez les animaux supérieurs (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 155-155 
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    Notes: Summary New experimental results concerning the toxicity of hexachlorocyclohexane show that theγ-isomer injected intravenously into dogs produces severe convulsions, but that theα-,β-, andδ-isomer do not have the same effect. The action of theγ-isomer seems to involve the activity of cholinesterase. Similar results were obtained with dibenzylmethylamine, which also provokes hypermotor activity. Dibenzylmethylamine is a powerful inhibitor of pseudocholinesterase activityin vitro, which is not the case with theγ-isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane.
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    Der Einfluß der Nebenniere auf die Kreislaufwirkung des Adrenalins (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 358-358 
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    Notes: Summary Traces of nor-adrenaline restore the vascular action of adrenaline altered in epinephrectomized dogs to the reaction of the normal animal. Therefore it is claimed that the adrenals discharge one or several substances into the blood stream, which are necessary for the usual peripheral vascular action of adrenaline. Further investigations are in progress.
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    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über die Therapie der Tuberkulose durch Kombination von Streptomycin mit PAS oder Sulfon-N-azetat (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 158-159 
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    Notes: Summary Tests with experimental tuberculosis in mice infected with the pathogenic human strain H37 Rv gave the following results: (1) The confirmation of a noticeable therapeutical effect of PAS (para-aminosalicylic acid), which does not equal, however, that of streptomycin. (2) PAS when applied simultaneously with streptomycin clearly strengthens the therapeutical effect. (3) For the first time a new parenterally applied sulfon derivate,sulfon-N-acetate, showed a certain therapeutical effect, whereas up till now there was no effect to be seen either in experiments with animals or clinically through the parenteral application of promin-sugarderivates. (4) The combination of the streptomycin treatment with this new sulfon derivate produced no stronger inhibition of tuberculosis than with streptomycin alone, but for the further clarification of this problem the results of more experiments, being performed at this moment, have to be awaited.
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    Synoptisch-meteorologische Forschung in der Gegenwart (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 165-169 
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    Notes: Summary Since the first world war the reliability of weather forecasts based on synoptic maps has been greatly enhanced, owing on the one hand to the extraordinarily increased number of wireless weather reports, on the other hand to new scientific insight into weather developments gained up to now. Of especial importance were the data from high levels of the free atmosphere obtained by radio sounding, by which the construction of weather maps with contours was made possible. Scientific research after the first world war was based on the polar front theory ofBjerknes and his followers and was greatly furthered in the course of time especially by the understanding of the great importance of the occurrences in the stratosphere for weather development.
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    La biologie des hématinoprotéides oxygénables (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 176-191 
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    Notes: Summary The author reviews a series of biological aspects of the study of oxygenable hematinoproteids, particularly with respect to evolution and adaptation. After a statement of some fundamental concepts of comparative biochemistry and of possible evolutionary relations between oxidation catalysts and oxygen carriers, the natural distribution of hemoglobins is reviewed and their specific characters are enumerated. A review is made of the data relating to the shape of the oxygen-dissociation curves and to the affinity of hæmoglobin for oxygen. It appears, generally speaking, that hyperbolic or almost hyperbolic curves and high affinity for oxygen are characteristic of primitive or embryonic hæmoglobins. A study of the function of hæmoglobin in the respiratory cycle of several animal species shows the vital importance of the oxygen carrier as well as the adaptation of the shape and position of the dissociation curve to the character of the respiratory function in the animal considered. The function of hæmoglobin in invertebrates, as oxygen carrier as well as providing a store of oxygen, is emphasized by a review of experimental data. The function of oxygen in the transport of carbon dioxide is reviewed from the standpoint of comparative biochemistry, and the lack of our knowledge is deplored. The characteristics of chlorocruorin show it to be a chemical mutation of an Annelid hæmoglobin. Our lack of knowledge in the field of the comparative biochemistry of hæmoglobin and chlorocruorin metabolism is pointed out.
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    Über den Angriffspunkt des Morphins am Atmungszentrum (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 196-197 
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    Notes: Summary Significant evidence has been given that morphine increases the expiratory vagal reflexes by blocking the respiratory system in the pons, which normally inhibits these reflexes.
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    Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 240-240 
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    Cosmic radiation and cancer mortality (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 251-255 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird versucht, die Krebssterblichkeit in verschiedenen Orten und Ländern mit der dort vorhandenen Intensität der kosmischen Strahlen in Verbindung zu bringen. Gewisse klinische Faktoren beeinflussen allem Anschein nach die offensichtliche Abhängigkeit der Krebssterblichkeit von der geographischen Breite und damit von der Stärke der kosmischen Strahlen. Im Hinblick auf neuere experimentelle Ergebnisse (Erzeugung von kosmischen Strahlenschauern unter Blei und Krebserkrankungen) wird auf den Zusammenhang zwischen Krebssterblichkeit und «percent urbanity» hingewiesen. Die Häufigkeit bestimmter Krebsarten ist indessen, das muß betont werden, von der geographischen Breite vollkommen unabhängig. Bei der Auswertung des angeführten Materials ist einige Vorsicht notwendig; definitive Schlußfolgerungen sind noch nicht möglich. Es werden Vorschläge zum Ausbau dieser Forschungen gemacht.
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    Application of partition chromatography to mixtures insoluble in Water (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 270-271 
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    Notes: Résumé En appliquant du caoutchouc (ou bien un autre polymère) sur le papier filtre, la méthode chromatographique à partition peut être considérablement amplifiée dę manière à rendre possible la séparation des substances non solubles dans l'eau. Le caoutchouc représente donc la phase stationnaire, le dissolvant organique, la phase mobile. Il est fait mention de quelques applications de cette méthode pour séparer les différents esters éthyliques des acides gras.
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    Congrès (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 283-284 
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    The structure of adrenochrome and its reduction products (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 307-308 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Für das Adrenochrom wird, gestützt auf die physikalischen Eigenschaften und das Verhalten bei der Reduktion, eine Zwitterionenstruktur vorgeschlagen. Zwei Reduktionsprodukte, und zwar 5,6-dihydroxy-N-methylindol und 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-N-methyldihydroindol, konnten isoliert und charakterisiert werden. Die erwartete Reduktionsstufe,Leuko-Adrenochrom, konntenicht erhalten werden. Es wird ein Reduktionsmechanismus in Vorschlag gebracht, bei dem als Zwischenstufe ein Semichinon beteiligt ist. Dieser Zwischenkörper dürfte bei biologischen Oxydationen, die das Adrenochrom betreffen, eine Rolle spielen.
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    Le potentiel morphogénétique de la zone marginale dorsale chez la jeune gastrula du Triton alpestre (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 309-311 
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    Notes: Summary Grafting has been performed on very young gastrulæ ofTriton alpestris to test the potencies of areas of the dorsal marginal zone. A special device has been used to obtain accurate data concerning the presumptive fate of the implant. The results fall into the following categories: (1) depression of the potential with various modalities of assimilation; (2) unchanged potential with the classical results of an “organizer” implantation; (3) elevation of the morphogenetic potential; in certain cases, the higher level of organization attained by the grafted material is caused by an influence of the primary host's system, while in others it is definitely bound to an intrinsic process; chordo-somatic material from the marginal zone is capable of inducing a brain from the ventral ectoblast of the host; this result, contradicting the “head organizer theory”, is explained in terms of dominance and physiological competition; (4) direct transformation of marginal material into neural structures; this peculiar fate results from the lack of any activity on the part of the implant. The significance of the last result is especially emphasized.
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    Comportamento delle fosfatasi alcaline all'azione di alcuni veleni carioclasici (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 314-315 
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    Notes: Summary The effect of an aqueous solution (6 · 10−3 M) of mustard oil on phosphatases was tested in cymotoid oocytes by treatment either of fixed and sectioned ovaries or of fresh gonads. Nuclear and cytoplasmic mono- and diphosphatases are destroyed; nucleolar phosphatases on the contrary are unaltered or only slightly damaged. The authors put forward the hypothesis that nucleolar phosphatases have a different kind of enzymatic active groups which might have a low competition factor in regard to mustard oil. Possibly the caryoclasic action of this substance is due, at least in part, to the destruction of alkaline phosphatases which are necessary to mitotic processes.
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    Nouveaux livres (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 321-323 
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    Experimentelle Untersuchungen über eine röntgenkymographische Methode zur Messung der Strömungsgeschwindigkeit des Blutes (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 319-321 
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    Notes: Summary The röntgenokymographical measurement of the speed of flow of the blood is based on the observation that, with the Stumpf kymograph, progressive movements taking place longitudinally can be recorded with the same ease as periodically recurrent, sinusoid movements. From the time during which the kymograph operates, which can be read off the time relay, and a few measurable stretches of the kymogram defined in detail in the text, the speed of propagation of a directed process of movement can be calculated. If a drop of iodized oil traverses the vessel at the same speed as the blood, the speed of flow of the blood can be ascertained. In numerous tests on models not only was the practicability of the method as such proved, but more specialized conditions of flow in tubes of irregular lumen or having aneurysmal sacculations were examined. In this connection vortical formations are very clearly shown. The particular merit of this new röntgenokymographical method (flow kymography) is seen to reside in the fact that the cycle of speeds can be followed along a considerable length of vessel, and also that circumscribed alterations in speed within the part-sections examined can be anatomically localized. Experiments in the use of the method on human subjects are in preparation.
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    Über den Föhn (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 359-360 
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    Aufruf zur Sammlung von Sonderdrucken für das Gmelin-Institut (1948)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 4 (1948), S. 366-367 
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    Nouveaux livres (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 487-490 
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    Polarographie de la cynurénine (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 70-72 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde Kynurenin in Beziehung zum pH polarographisch studiert. Auf Grund der polarographischen Analyse wird die vonButenandt angegebene Konstitution für richtig gehalten und die polarographische Methode zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Kynurenins anempfohlen.
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    Recent progress in histamine and antihistamine research (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 53-65 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit ist ein Versuch, den Fortschritt der Histamin- und Antihistaminforschung während der letzten zwei Jahre zu beschreiben. Da die Literatur inGuggenheims Buch,Die biogenen Amine, bis 1940 berücksichtigt ist, erschien es notwendig, die Lücke von 1940–46 mit einer Übersicht zu schließen, welche die in dieser Zeit entstandenen Arbeiten umfaßt. DieHistaminforschung der letzten Jahre hat sich nicht so sehr auf fundamentale Probleme konzentriert als vielmehr auf die Vervollkommnung der Technik der Histaminbestimmung im Gewebe und Blut unter normalen und pathologischen Bedingungen. Arbeiten, welche die physiologischen Wirkungen und den Mechanismus der Freisetzung des Histamins betreffen, wurden besonders eingehend behandelt. DieAntihistaminforschung der letzten Jahre hatte nicht nur die Entdeckung mehrerer neuer Produkte zur Folge, sondern eine weitgehende Vervollkommnung der Methoden zur vergleichenden Bestimmung. Da Antihistaminika nicht sehr wirksam gegen Asthma sind, wurden hier auch solche (nicht antihistaminische) Drogen behandelt, welche Antiasthma-Aktivität besitzen und möglicherweise als Zusatzdrogen für Antihistaminika in Frage kommen. Einige pharmakologische und klinische Resultate wurden erwähnt, mit spezieller Berücksichtigung der Histamin- und Antihistaminspiegel-Bestimmungen im menschlichen Blut sowiePellerats Theorie der «accidents histaminoïdes». Die Bibliographie umfaßt 174 Arbeiten.
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    Zur Goetheschen Farbenlehre (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 498-501 
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    Notes: Summary The historical dispute in whichGoethe opposedNewton's theory of colour can be referred to the discrepancy between the concepts of “light” as physical radiation and the concept of “light” as sensation. Language as well as natural inclination lead to the confusion and even identification of the two wholly different concepts, whereas the physical laws thatNewton treated and the psychophysical laws that chiefly interestedGoethe are not in agreement.Goethe rightly boasted of „having rescued the subjective colours“.
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    Chromosomes sexuels géants chez un Campagnol,Microtus agrestis L (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 72-72 
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    Notes: Summary In the vole,Microtus agrestis L., there are 46 chromosomes as in the twin-species,M. arvalis Pallas. In striking contrast to this last animal, the sexual chromosomes, studied in the last spermatogonial divisions, are of gigantic size (X metacentric = 8–9 µ;Y acrocentric = 5–6 µ). The identification of theX is proved by the analysis of marrow-smears of the female. It is expected that several problems concerning the mode of attachment and the type of association betweenX andY can be resolved by the study of that most interesting rodent.
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    Über antibakterielle Substanzen derCruciferae (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 74-74 
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    Notes: Summary The aqueous extracts of the seeds of 30 different plants belonging to the family of theCruciferce were investigated as to their antibacterial effect and their content of myrosinase. An antibacterial effect was found only in the extracts of such seeds as contain myrosinase. The aqueous extract of the seeds of several varieties ofCruciferce showed no antibacterial effect in spite of its content of myrosinase.
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    The presence of riboflavin in the luminous material of the earthworm (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 73-73 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In den Lymphozyten derEisenia submontana ist ein Leuchtmaterial vorhanden, das Riboflavin enthält. Mit Hilfe der Papierchromatographie konnte nachgewiesen werden, daß Riboflavin hier als solches, nicht aber als Flavinphosphat oder als Flavin-adenin-dinukleotid vorliegt.
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    Der Einfluß des Streptomycins und Patulins auf einige Protozoen (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 74-77 
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    Zur Analyse der Blutdruckwirkung der natürlichen und dihydrierten Mutterkornalkaloide (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 78-79 
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    Notes: Summary The natural alcaloids of Ergot (ergotamine, ergosine, ergocristine, ergocornine, and ergokryptine as well as their dihydrogenated derivatives increase the blood pressure of the spinal cat. During an intravenous adrenaline infusion which increases the peripheral tone of the blood vessels, the natural alcaloids, given intravenously, usually induce a rise in blood pressure of the spinal cat, while the dihydrogenated alcaloids produce a fall of blood pressure under the same conditions.
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    Hypersalemia and tubular azotemia (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 82-83 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch subkutane Verabreichung großer Mengen einer hypertonischen Kochsalzlösung an hungernde und durstende Kaninchen gelang es uns, einen hypersalämischen Dauerzustand mit anschließender Azotämie hervorzurufen. Die Bestimmung der glomerulären Filtration ergab normale Werte, das Verhältnis Harnstoff-Clearance/Kreatinin-Clearance sank jedoch erheblich. Dies kann nur so gedeutet werden, daß von der normalen Menge filtrierten Harnstoffes ein pathologisch hoher Prozentsatz resorbiert wird. Es gelang also, eine Azotämie ausschließlich tubulären Ursprungs hervorzurufen. Das histologische Bild der Niere mit ausschließlich tubulären Veränderungen bekräftigt obige Annahme.
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    Zur Methodik medizinisch — meteorologischer Untersuchungen (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 86-88 
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    Notes: Summary With reference to a communication ofE. Sartori andM. Bolletti (Exper.4, 279, 1948) concerning the relation between ultra-violet solar radiation and spasmophilic convulsions, the following bioclimatological aspects are discussed which in the named paper are not satisfactorily treated: (1) The real quantities of ultra-violet radiation of sun and sky may be quite different from those estimated by the authors. (2) The indoor climate is so much different from the open-air climate that the qualities of the open-air climate cannot be applied on the conditions in rooms, especially as the individual differences of the dosage of radiation can be very remarkable for the different patients. (3) The different meteorological elements are intimately connected; therefore a narrow numerical correlation between a weather element and spasmophilic convulsions cannot prove a direct causal relation between both. (4) An investigation on the effect of ultra-violet radiation on spasmophilic convulsions should comprise two groups of objects which both must be exposed to absolutely the same climatological conditions except the natural ultra-violet radiation which can be differentiated by the application of ultra-violet transmitting and of ordinary window-panes respectively.
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    The pore-systems of theDesmidiaceœ (1949)
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    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 158-159 
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    Notes: Zusammenfassung In dieser vorläufigen Mitteilung wird über die Untersuchung der Zellwandstrukturen bei einigen Algen der GruppenDesmidiales undMesotaeniales berichtet. Sie wurden mit Hilfe des Elektronenmikroskops unternommen. Es wurden die Durchmesser der bekannten Poren beiCosmarium tetraophthalmum Bréb. undCosmarium Botrytis Menegh. festgestellt. BeiStaurastrum muticum Bréb. ließ sich ein noch nicht bekanntes Porensystem ermitteln. Auch beiClosterium moniliferum (Bory)Ehrenbg. wurde eine bis jetzt unbekannte Zellwandstruktur gefunden.
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    Unesco (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 92-92 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02153747
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  • 91
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    Notices on proposed magnetic lenses of toroidal type (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 112-114 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird eine toroidförmige magnetische Linse beschrieben, um Elektronenstrahlen zu fokussieren. Wir geben den Grundgedanken des Modells und die Theorie der Konstruktion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145297
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  • 92
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    L'expiration de l'acide carbonique par des feuilles vertes en plein soleil (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 116-117 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145301
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  • 93
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    Etude de l'action de l'α-naphtacétylglycinate de potassium sur le développement deSalvinia natans (L.) All (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 119-120 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Potassium-α-naphthacetylglycinate, administered in a concentration of approximately 0,001 % active substance, stimulates the growth ofSalvinia natans L. The controls are placed in a solution of the samep H. With other concentrations we notice a diminution in the size of the different parts of the plant, and particularly a variation of the sporocarps. The chief rib of the aquatic leaf, under the action of this product in the concentration mentioned, increases its growth. But this rib plays the part of a real aquatic root. This observation allows us to interpret the peculiar action of potassium-α-naphthacetylglycinate.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145303
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  • 94
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    Comparative studies on the coagulation process with heparin and sea-urchin fertilizin (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 124-125 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt, daß die Gallerthüllensubstanz des Seeigeleies, die vielleicht mit Fertilizin identisch ist, jedenfalls aber dieses enthält, wie Heparin auf die Koagulation des Blutes hemmend wirkt. Diese Wirkung wird durch Perjodatoxydation sowie durch saure Hydrolyse zerstört, nicht aber durch Erhitzung oder tryptische Spaltung.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145307
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  • 95
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    Die Dehydrierung primärer und sekundärer Alkohole mit N-Chlorsuccinimid (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 199-200 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols to aldehydes and ketones by N-chlorosuccinimide as first observed bySeliwanow has been found to be of wide applicability. Although the ease of the reaction varies considerably with the nature of the alcohol under observation, in all cases so far studied the corresponding aldehydes and ketones were obtained. The scope and mechanism of the reaction are under further investigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02172487
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  • 96
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    Nouveaux livres (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 129-131 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02145312
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  • 97
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    Über den Einfluß von langsamen Kathodenstrahlen auf einzellige Lebewesen (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 155-157 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with the influence of low-velocity cathode rays on microbes and spores of fungi. It can be deduced theoretically from ionisation data that the rate of decay shows a maximum in the vicinity of 4 kV, if the cell to be treated is of spherical shape with a diameter of 0.5 µm. This result is not very much altered, if we account for the cylindrical shape in an approximate manner. It is in fair agreement with the experimental results obtained onBac. pyocyaneus. The 50 p. c. dosis has the very high value of 8.0.107 µg compared with a dosis of the order of magnitude of about 102 µg obtained with soft x-rays from 3 to 4 kV.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174427
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  • 98
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    Die Wirkung von Substanzen auf den Netzbau der Spinnen (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 161-162 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The cobweb of geometrical spiders enables us to examine the effect of substances on instinct movements of animals. It seems possible to separate the different fundamental functions co-operating in the production of the cobweb by experiment. The effect of Pervitin, mentioned in this report, is characterized by a considerable disturbance of the regular arrangement of the concentric sticky threads.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174431
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  • 99
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    Preliminary data on the function of the Paraphysis cerebri in Urodela (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 162-164 
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    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Paraphysis cerebri ist ein zusammengesetztes tubulöses Organ, das sich in den Ventriculus impar telencephali, den vorderen Teil des 3. Ventrikels, eröffnet. Die Tubuli bestehen aus einem einschichtigen hauptsächlich kubischen bis zylindrischen Epithel auf einer Basalmembran, die mit wenigen Ausnahmen unmittelbar an die Wand von venösen Sinusoiden grenzt. Nach intrazerebralen Injektionen durch das Dach des 4. Ventrikels vonAmblystoma mexicanum mit einer 5%-Suspension von Tusche in isotonischer Ringer-Lösung zeigen sich in den Schnitten gar keine Tuscheteilchen in den paraphysären Tubuli, während diese auf und in dem Ependym und vor allem dem Epithel aller Plexus chorioidei in großer Menge sichtbar sind. Die schwarzen Teilchen werden offenbar in den Plexus resorbiert. Weiter wird eine Sekretion in den paraphysären Tubuli in der Richtung des Lumens, also nach dem Ventrikel zu, beschrieben und abgebildet. Aus dieser vorläufigen Mitteilung geht also hervor, daß die Paraphysis von Urodelen eine zusammengesetzte tubulöse extern sezernierende Drüse ist, die einen oder mehrere, wenn nicht alle Bestandteile des Liquor cerebrospinalis produziert, und daß dem Epithel der Plexus jedenfalls eine resorbierende Funktion zukommt. Eine Tabelle zeigt einige Unterschiede zwischen dem Epithel der paraphysären Tubuli und demjenigen der Plexus chorioidei.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174433
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  • 100
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    The effect of nitrogen-mustard on Sea-Urchin Eggs (1949)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 5 (1949), S. 164-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Wirkung des Stickstoffsenfgases, Methyl-β-(dichloräthyl)-amino-HCl, auf befruchtete und unbefruchtete Eier der SeeigelArbacia lixula undSphaerechinus granularis untersucht. Die Furchungshemmung und das Stadium, bei dem die Entwicklung aufhört, hängen von der Konzentration der verwendeten Substanzen und von der Dauer der Behandlung ab.Vor der Besamung behandelte Eier zeigten eine ausgesprochenere Reaktion als diejenigen, die nach der Besamung behandelt wurden; auch bildeten die ersteren bei höheren Konzentrationen abnorme Befruchtungsmembranen. Die Eier, welchenach der Besamung behandelt wurden, zeigten ein fortschreitendes Abnehmen in der Reaktion auf die Substanz, und zwar in dem Verhältnis, in dem der Zeitabstand zwischen Besamung und Behandlung zunahm. Die Verzögerung der Entwicklung ist in Eiern, die sofort nach der Befruchtung behandelt worden waren, am größten; bei diesen ist der Prozentsatz der Eier, die eine normale Befruchtungsmembran bilden, stark reduziert; sehr häufig tritt eine Polyspermie ein.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02174434
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