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  • Articles  (1,376,683)
  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (1,376,683)
  • Biology  (1,376,683)
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  • Articles  (1,376,683)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From bioremediation to biowarfare: On the impact and mechanism of type IV secretion systems (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Type IV secretion systems are employed by a wide variety of Gram-negative microorganisms for the translocation of macromolecules across the cell envelope. The translocated substrates (proteins, protein–DNA complexes and DNA) are as diverse as the organisms on the donor and recipient side of the translocation process. Over the course of evolution, these macromolecular transporters were adapted to many different purposes, but their basic mechanism was conserved. They impact human life in various ways, as there are driving forces of horizontal gene transfer, which spreads biodegradative capabilities of environmental bacteria as well as antibiotic resistance of pathogens in hospitals. Also, they translocate toxins and other effectors, which have an effect on host cell metabolism and are essential for the virulence of bacterial pathogens. We here present recent developments of research on the mechanism of type IV secretion focusing on the energetization of transport and assembly processes, formation of the translocation channel and of surface-exposed pili, which initiate host cell interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mitochondrial dysfunction enhances Gal4-dependent transcription (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been shown to elicit broad effects on nuclear gene expression. We show here that transcription dependent on the prototypical acidic activator Gal4 is responsive to mitochondrial dysfunction. In cells with no mitochondrial DNA, Gal4-dependent gene expression is elevated. A minimal Gal4 activator containing the DNA binding and activation domain is sufficient for this response. Transcription dependent on a fusion of Gal4 to a heterologous DNA binding domain is similarly elevated in a mitochondrial mutant. Analysis of different Gal4-dependent promoters and gel mobility shift assays suggest that the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on Gal4 activity is related to increased DNA binding to the cognate Gal4 element. Given that fermentation is the only means to obtain energy in respiratory deficient cells, it is possible that higher Gal4 activity in cells with dysfunctional mitochondria works to promote more efficient fermentation of galactose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.033
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional coupling between vanillate-O-demethylase and formaldehyde detoxification pathway (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Pseudomonas putida vanillate-O-demethylase consisting of VanA and VanB was expressed in Escherichia coli strain K-12. Recombinant E. coli strain K-12 cells expressing VanAB efficiently converted vanillate into protocatechuate with glucose consumption. Mutant lacking either pgi or zwf showed higher or lower converting activity than the parental strain, respectively. Formaldehyde, which is the by-product of the demethylation, was converted into formate in the cellular reaction. Formate accumulation was blocked by gene disruption of the E. coli frmA that coded glutathione-dependent formaldehyde dehydrogenase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.036
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of in vivo passage on the environmental adaptation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7: Cross-induction of the viable but nonculturable state by osmotic and oxidative stresses (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In an enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157:H7 outbreak caused by salted salmon roe that occurred in Japan, 1998, a food isolate (F2) was NaCl-resistant and a patient isolate (P5) was sensitive to NaCl. We show here that hydrogen peroxide, like NaCl, induced a significant loss of culturability in P5. The BacLight assay suggested that the EHEC O157:H7 entered a viable but nonculturable (VNC) state. We used the passage through mice in an attempt to model this transition in phenotype. Mouse-passaged isogenic variants of F2 became NaCl- and oxidation-sensitive, entered the nonculturable state in response to either of these stresses, and could be resuscitated by sodium pyruvate. Since the expression of RpoS in response to these stresses correlated with the isolates' culturabilities, we concluded that in vivo passage negatively modulated RpoS expression, and the subsequent stress exposure induced the VNC state in the EHEC O157:H7 isolates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.039
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ analysis of native microbial communities in complex samples with high particulate loads (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In the present study a procedure combining a cell extraction method and Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) for molecular monitoring and quantification of bacteria in soil and aquifer samples is presented. FISH was applied to bacterial cells extracted from the matrix by density gradient centrifugation. This separation method was applied to soil and aquifer samples and produced high cell recovery of 76.5%± 4.4 and 78.0%± 3.2, respectively. FISH, performed on the harvested cells, permitted a perfect visualization and quantification of bacteria. This approach is therefore promising for in situ detection of indigenous bacterial communities in complex samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrogenase genes are uncommon and highly conserved in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A screening for h ydrogen up take (hup) genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae isolates from different locations within Spain identified no Hup+ strains, confirming the scarcity of the Hup trait in R. leguminosarum. However, five new Hup+ strains were isolated from Ni-rich soils from Italy and Germany. The hup gene variability was studied in these strains and in six available strains isolated from North America. Sequence analysis of three regions within the hup cluster showed an unusually high conservation among strains, with only 0.5–0.6% polymorphic sites, suggesting that R. leguminosarum acquired hup genes de novo in a very recent event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.022
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gel expansion (DGGEGE) – An attempt to resolve the limitations of co-migration in the DGGE of complex polymicrobial communities (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Recent molecular approaches for the study of microbial communities such as PCR-cloning have enabled the detection and identification of as-yet-unculturable taxa. Cloning and sequencing of multiple samples is extremely laborious and expensive to perform thoroughly due to the large diversity involved. For this purpose, techniques such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) may be better suited. There is increasing evidence suggesting that DGGE of complex polymicrobial communities may be limited by co-migration of different sequences. In this study, we attempt to address this limitation by excising individual bands and running them through a shorter denaturant gradient, a process we have termed “denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis gel expansion” (DGGEGE).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.048
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Participation of the recA determinant in the transposition of class II transposon mini-TnMERI1 (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: As an initial step to understand the mobile nature of class II mercury resistance transposon TnMERI1, the effect of the recA gene on translocation of mini-TnMERI1 was evaluated. A higher transposition frequency in the LE392 strain (2.4 ± 1.2 × 10−5) than in the recA-deficient DH1 strain (1.2 ± 0.8 × 10−6) indicated participation of the recA gene in mini-TnMERI1 transposition. Introduction of the recA gene into the DH1 strain complemented the transposition frequency at the same level as in LE392 and confirmed participation of the recA gene in transposition. However, treatment of cells by stress agents, including irradiation of up to 3000 J m−2 UV doses, did not alter the transposition frequency and suggested independence of RecA from the SOS stress response. Further analysis of transconjugants indicated participation of RecA in the resolution of the cointegrate structure of the transposon. These results suggested that RecA is a constitutive cellular factor that increases translocation of mini-TnMERI1 and may participate in dissemination of TnMERI1-like transposons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.053
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrigendum to: “Listeria monocytogenes ferritin protects against multiple stresses and is required for virulence” [FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 250 (2005) 253–261] (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.10.001
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of σV-dependent genes of Bacillus subtilis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 253 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The chromosome of Bacillus subtilis codes for seven extracytoplasmic function sigma factors the activity of which is modulated normally by a cognate anti-sigma factor. While inducing factors and genes for four of them (σM, σW, σX, and σY) have been identified, those of the remaining three sigma factors including σV remain elusive. The objective of the present study was the unequivocal identification of its anti-sigma factor and of genes controlled by σV. In many cases reported so far the gene coding for the anti-sigma factor is located immediately downstream of the gene coding for the sigma factor, and both form a bicistronic operon. We could show by two different experimental approaches that this is also the case for sigV and rsiV. Under conditions of overproduction of σV, 13 genes could be identified being induced several-fold by the DNA macroarray technique. Induction of three of them was confirmed by Northern blots, and the potential promoter of sigV was identified by primer extension. This led to the deduction of a consensus sequence recognized by σV.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.09.056
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