ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Articles  (10,937)
  • 2015-2019  (10,937)
  • Political Science  (10,937)
Collection
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Adriana Camacho, Emily Conover〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Small-scale farmers in developing countries often make production and sale decisions based on imprecise, informal, and out-of-date sources of information, such as family, neighbors, or tradition. Lack of timely and accurate information on climate and prices can lead to inefficiencies in the production, harvesting, and commercialization of agricultural products, which in turn can affect farmers’ revenues and well-being. We did a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) experiment with 500 small-scale farmers in a rural area of Colombia where there is nearly full mobile phone usage and coverage. Treated farmers received around 8 text messages per week with prices in the main markets for crops grown in the region, and customized weather forecasts. Compared to a control group, we find that treated farmers were more likely to report that text messages provide useful information for planting and selling, and more likely to always read their messages, indicating an increase in appreciation and use of this type of technology. We also found heterogeneous effects by farmer size. Smaller farmers try to make use of the intervention by planting more crops for which they have price information. Larger farmers seek new markets and increase conversations with other producers. Despite these positive effects, we do not find a significant difference in farmers reporting a price, price differential with the market price, or sale prices received. Our results indicate that farmers are amenable to learning and using new technologies, but that the introduction of these technologies do not always translate into short-run welfare improvements for them. Given the increased interest in incorporating information and communication technologies into agriculture, our findings indicate that prior to a large-scale implementation it is necessary to better understand what prevents farmers from more directly profiting from this new information.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alwin Keil, Archisman Mitra, Amit K. Srivastava, Andrew McDonald〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Sustainable intensification (SI) approaches to agricultural development are urgently needed to meet the growing demand for crop staples while protecting ecosystem services and environmental quality. However, SI initiatives have been criticized for neglecting social welfare outcomes. A recent review found that better-off farmers benefitted disproportionately from SI and highlighted the dearth of studies assessing the equity of outcomes. In this study, we explore the social inclusiveness of zero-tillage (ZT) wheat adoption in Bihar, India. ZT is a proven SI technology for enhancing wheat productivity while boosting profitability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions from agricultural machinery in the densely populated Indo-Gangetic Plains. With an average landholding size of 0.39 ha, most farmers in Bihar depend on custom-hiring services to access the technology. While service provision models should foster inclusive growth by reducing financial barriers to technology adoption, early evidence suggested that smallholders remained at a disadvantage. Building on this previous research, we use a panel dataset from 961 wheat-growing households that spans a six-year period to analyze ZT adoption dynamics over time while accounting for the role of social networks and access to service provision. Using a heckprobit approach to correct for non-exposure bias, we compare determinants of ZT awareness and use in 2012 and 2015. We apply a multinomial logit model to identify determinants of early adoption, recent adoption, non-adoption, and dis-adoption. Furthermore, we explore the quality of ZT services as an additional dimension of socially-inclusive technology access. We find that the strong initial scale bias in ZT use declined substantially as awareness of the technology increased and the service economy expanded. Land fragmentation replaced total landholding size as a significant adoption determinant, which also affected the quality of ZT services received. Hence, farmers with small but contiguous landholdings appear to have gained a significant degree of access over time. We conclude that early-stage assessments of SI may be misleading, and that private sector-based service provision can contribute to socially inclusive development outcomes as markets mature.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chiara Ravetti, Mare Sarr, Daniel Munene, Tim Swanson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper analyses the ways in which ethnic identity and labour institutions shape favouritism and discrimination among workers. We conduct a lab experiment in the field with South African coal miners from various ethnic groups and with different trade union membership status. Our analysis suggests that union identity and ethnic identity are two social constructs that operate in a distinct and opposite fashion. Unionization acts as a factor of workers solidarity beyond the confine of union membership. Conversely, ethnicity operates as the linchpin through which discrimination among workers is infused not only between ethnic majority and minorities, but also within the majority group itself. We find that the widespread practice of subcontracting in the mining sector exacerbates ethnic discrimination among workers both between and within ethnic groupings.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vanesa Jordá, Miguel Niño-Zarazúa〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite the growing interest in global inequality, assessing inequality trends is a major challenge because individual data on income or consumption is not often available. Nevertheless, the periodic release of certain summary statistics of the income distribution has become increasingly common. Hence, grouped data in form of income shares have been conventionally used to construct inequality trends based on lower bound approximations of inequality measures. This approach introduces two potential sources of measurement error: first, these estimates are constructed under the assumption of equality of incomes within income shares; second, the highest income earners are not included in the household surveys from which grouped data is obtained. In this paper, we propose to deploy a flexible parametric model, which addresses these two issues in order to obtain a reliable representation of the income distribution and accurate estimates of inequality measures. This methodology is used to estimate the recent evolution of global interpersonal inequality from 1990 to 2015 and to examine the effect of survey under-coverage of top incomes on the level and direction of global inequality. Overall, we find that item non-response at the top of the distribution substantially biases global inequality estimates, but, more importantly, it might also affect the direction of the trends.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ben Siegelman, Nora Haenn, Xavier Basurto〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper relates how fishermen in San Evaristo on Mexico’s Baja peninsula employ fabrications to strengthen bonds of trust and navigate the complexities of common pool resource extraction. We argue this trickery complicates notions of social capital in community-based natural resource management, which emphasize communitarianism in the form of trust. Trust, defined as a mutual dependability often rooted in honesty, reliable information, or shared expectations, has long been recognized as essential to common pool resource management. Despite this, research that takes a critical approach to social capital places attention on the activities that foster social networks and their norms by arguing that social capital is a process. A critical approach illuminates San Evaristeño practices of lying and joking across social settings and contextualizes these practices within cultural values of harmony. As San Evaristeños assert somewhat paradoxically, for them “lies build trust.” Importantly, a critical approach to this case study forces consideration of gender, an overlooked topic in social capital research. San Evaristeña women are excluded from the verbal jousting through which men maintain ties supporting their primacy in fishery management. Both men’s joke-telling and San Evaristeños’ aversion to conflict have implications for conservation outcomes. As a result, we use these findings to help explain local resistance to outsiders and external management strategies including land trusts, fishing cooperatives, and marine protected areas.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Space Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bergit Uhran, Catharine Conley, J. Andy Spry〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Planetary protection, or the protection of celestial bodies from potentially harmful contamination, has been required by international law since the ratification of the Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space in 1967. At that time, scientists were concerned about the potential of contaminating the Moon or bringing back a life form of lunar origin when astronauts returned to Earth with samples. The evidence is that the Moon does not contain indigenous life, but other celestial bodies may. Mars is of particular concern because of its habitability and plans to carry out a robotic sample return mission and even potentially human crewed missions in the near future (next 20–30 years). This article (recognizing that other national and international tasks are ongoing with detailed studies of technical aspects of containment and sample analysis) provides an overview of the policy aspects of planetary protection and sample return, discussing the history of planetary protection, lessons learned from the Apollo missions, and a potential strategy to ensure prevention contamination if a robotic sample return mission is carried out. It is recommended that the capability performed in the 1960s by the Interagency Committee on Back Contamination be reestablished, that regulations be developed to allow quarantine of anyone exposed to the samples, that scientific and technical personnel be trained in a receiving laboratory for at least 2 years prior to sample return, and that a test protocol be established for examining the samples. This will protect our biosphere while enabling groundbreaking research into conditions on Mars and any possible signs of life.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0265-9646
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-338X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Space Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Harald Köpping Athanasopoulos〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article discusses the Moon Village concept within the context of the increasing momentum to return human beings to the surface of the Moon. The article follows a dual objective. Firstly, the Moon Village is probably the most misunderstood among the plethora of ideas to explore the Moon scientifically and commercially. The article is therefore intended to explore what the Moon Village actually is. Secondly, the article explores the strengths and weaknesses of the Moon Village. The article is divided into three sections. The first section reviews the current Moon projects of public and private space actors, including the United States, Russia, China, SpaceX and Blue Origin. It sets the scene for the argument that the Moon Village has entered global discourse on space within a positive political environment. The second section discusses the premises of ESA chief Jan Wörner’s Moon Village concept, putting forward that the Moon Village is intended as an open concept rather than as a concrete plan. It is a process rather than a project and it is meant to initiate a global conversation on humanity’s future on the Moon. As such, the world café is an appropriate metaphor to illustrate the idea behind the Moon Village. In the third and final section a SWAT/PEST analysis is conducted to assess the feasibility of the Moon Village, highlighting that one of the major opportunities of the project is to promote international cooperation. The article concludes by supporting the institutionalist hypothesis that the Moon Village is arguably a translation of the ESA system to the global level, as participation is voluntary and as it builds on the strengths of each cooperation partner. As such, the Moon Village in indeed a new way of doing space on the global level.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0265-9646
    Electronic ISSN: 1879-338X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sara Geenen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉By zooming in on the concept of ‘local content’, this article speaks to the debate on extractive industries and development. It challenges two fundamental assumptions of the mainstream local content literature: that production linkages will develop if an enabling environment is created, and that local content is beneficial for local people. Based on almost 600 interviews and focus groups in four mining concessions in Ghana and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) it focuses on how local content policies are translated into concrete practices – more particularly around the granting of contracts and employment. In doing so it unravels the 〈em〉political〈/em〉 dimensions of local content policies and their 〈em〉structural embeddedness〈/em〉 in large-scale extractivist projects. It is argued that local content policies are implemented in complex political arenas, where the power holders use them as political instruments to enhance profit accumulation and control rents. Moreover they are embedded in the structural dynamics that permeate large-scale extractivist projects, producing (new) patterns of exclusion.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jeoung-Sik Min, Seul-Ye Lim, Seung-Hoon Yoo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The combined heat and power (CHP) generation, which can produce both heat and electricity at the same time, is so efficient that it can reduce energy use and even mitigate CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and air pollutants emissions. For this reason, the share of CHP generation worldwide is increasing and the optimal share of CHP generation in electric power generation is a serious concern in South Korea. This article attempts to estimate the optimal share by modeling the plausible relationship between CHP generation and national output in the Cobb-Douglas production function setting and then deriving the output-maximizing share of CHP generation. The production function is estimated for annual data from 1995 to 2017 using several quantile regressions. The optimal share is computed to be 13.8%. Therefore, it is recommended that South Korea should increase the share of CHP generation slightly, given that the share was 8.6% in 2017. If the optimal CHP share instead of the actual CHP share had been achieved in 2017, GDP in 2017 could have increased by 0.82%.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 107〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alicia Said, Ratana Chuenpagdee〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Since the launch of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in 2015, several countries, funding organizations, environmental groups and research communities have pledged support and made commitment to help achieve these goals. SDG14: Life Below Water, for instance, has been embraced as the global goal for conservation and sustainable uses of the oceans, seas and marine resources. Among its many targets, SDG14b speaks directly to small-scale fisheries, calling for secured access to resources and markets for this sector. We argue that achieving SDG 14b requires a holistic approach encompassing several SDGs, including livelihoods, economic growth, community sustainability, strong institutions and partnerships. It is also important to align the SDG targets with the Voluntary Guidelines for Securing Sustainable Small-Scale Fisheries (SSF Guidelines), as the mutuality that exists between the scope and nature of the two instruments can help guide the formulation of appropriate governance tools. Yet, the alignment of these two instruments alone does not guarantee sustainability of small-scale fisheries, especially without an official mandate from the governments. The case in point is the European Union where small-scale fisheries are not sufficiently recognized within the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), despite being the largest sector (75% of the fleet). Through an examination of the CFP in the context of the SSF Guidelines and the SDGs, we discuss options and possibilities for inclusive consideration of small-scale fisheries in the upcoming policy reform, which might then lead to both achieving fisheries sustainability and the SDGs in the EU.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ekundayo Shittu, Bruno G. Kamdem, Carmen Weigelt〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉While the role of organizational learning in improving firm performance is well documented, there are still questions on what drives technological learning. This is evident in the electricity industry where the growth of renewable energy technologies has been pervasive. Vicarious learning contributes to the adoption of emerging technologies through successful inter-firm knowledge sharing and transfer. However, there is hesitation to adoption that characterizes vicarious learning especially in the context of intra-firm learning. This paper investigates the differences in knowledge acquisition within and across electricity firms in the U.S. The learning curve model is applied to a longitudinal study of 5573 plants belonging to 1542 U.S. electricity firms between 1998 and 2010. This study finds: (i) The capacity growth of the solar photovoltaic technology is positively associated with intra-firm knowledge acquisition; (ii) The effect of financial incentives on the adoption of solar and wind technologies is higher under inter-firm learning; (iii) The higher the stringency of policy mandates, the more varied is the progress on technological change across technologies; (iv) Knowledge sharing between firms are higher for wind technology than for solar technology. These findings combine to show disparities in the learning trends of technologies across and within firms’ boundaries.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mette Talseth Solnørdal, Sverre Braathen Thyholdt〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Increased energy efficiency (EE) in manufacturing firms is important for confronting climate challenges. However, the information barrier is considered a major restriction on EE innovation. Building on the theory of absorptive capacity and the current EE literature, we argue that this barrier relates to firms' ability to assimilate and exploit information. Thus, this study's objective is to analyse firms' knowledge characteristics as determinants of EE innovation. We perform logit regressions using a Norwegian panel dataset for the period 2010–2014. The results are based on statistical correlations between data points that have potential uncertainties. Still, the main implications from our study are that prior knowledge, in terms of higher educated workforce, knowledge development, in terms of R&D capacity, and external knowledge cooperation, such as cooperation with universities and competitors, increase firms' pursuit of EE innovation. Further, the results also imply that there is an interaction effect between higher educated workforce and collaboration with universities. These results suggest that policy makers should consider firms' ability to assimilate and exploit information. This can be done by providing information according to firms' needs and absorptive capacity, and offering possibilities for firms to increase this capacity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Paul Neetzow, Roman Mendelevitch, Sauleh Siddiqui〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Distributed photo-voltaic (PV) generation is one of the pillars of energy transitions around the world, but its deployment in the distribution grid requires costly reinforcements and expansions. Prosumage – consisting of a household-level PV unit coupled with a battery storage system – has been proposed as an effective means to facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources and reduce distribution grid stress. However, tapping its full potential requires regulatory interventions; otherwise, system costs could rise despite increasing flexibility. We analyze the effectiveness of different policy schemes to mitigate the need for distribution capacity expansion by incentivizing beneficial storage operation. Our novel top-down modeling approach allows analyzing effects on market prices, storage dispatch, induced distribution grid requirements, system costs, and distributional implications. Based on German power system data, numerical results indicate that distribution grid requirements can be reduced through simple feed-in policies. A uniform limit on maximum grid feed-in can leave distribution system operators better off, even if they fully compensate prosumage households for foregone revenue. Policies imposing more differentiated limits at the regional level result in only marginal efficiency improvements. Complete self-sufficiency (autarky) is socially undesirable, as it confines important balancing potential and can increase system costs despite adding storage.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 107〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Carmen Pedroza-Gutiérrez〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Lake Chapala's fisheries have been an important economic activity for hundreds of years. However, the introduction of carpe and tilapia forced a change in the market structure, including the processing-value-adding-activities. Currently, filleting-fish is a successfully growing industry, which employs mostly women from the coastal communities. This paper aims to identify the factors influencing the division of labor in fish-processing and the determinants of bargaining-power for women. Fieldwork was carried out between 2015 and 2017 in three communities bordering Lake Chapala, Mexico (Jamay, Petatán, LaPalma), using a survey strategy based on questionnaires and formal and informal interviews to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Findings show that fish-processing as a labor market opportunity for women is a source of bargaining power, working hours are flexible, and it is a constant and reliable source of income, unlike fishing. In each community the gender division of labor is constructed according to the local culture and the gendered-social-norms. In Petatán, fish-processing is a woman dominated activity, highly valued, with the largest average income, complementary to household income. Jamay has male (20%) and female (80%) fish-processors, fish-processing is their only source of income, and is considered an activity for single mothers (35%) or those who do not have access to better jobs. In both communities, married women's contribution to household income depends on their husband's daily earnings ranging between 25 and 75%. In LaPalma, fish-processing is a male-dominated activity, where women do not dare to work among the young filleting workers, who are breadwinners.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Monika Papież, Sławomir Śmiech, Katarzyna Frodyma〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The study uses the two-stage bias-corrected DEA approach of Simar and Wilson (2007) to assess the efficiency of the EU countries in terms of their wind power investment in 2015. The set of input variables includes installed wind power capacity and average wind power density, while output variables include wind-generated electricity and three additional aspects: environmental, economic and energy security. Next, the study examines the effect of renewable energy policy regarding wind energy, the energy mix, and the offshore wind power utilisation on the wind power efficiency of the analysed countries.〈/p〉 〈p〉The results obtained reveal that the United Kingdom, Sweden, Denmark, and Ireland are the most efficient countries in terms of wind power investment. The inclusion of additional aspects demonstrates the greatest improvement of efficiency in Belgium, Cyprus, the Netherlands, Estonia and Germany.〈/p〉 〈p〉The results seem to indicate that economic instruments used within renewable energy policy have a positive effect on wind power efficiency, while policy support and regulatory instruments might negatively impact. Moreover, the results show that the energy mix explains the variation of the efficiency of the EU countries when their economic and environmental aspects are considered. The analysis of the geographic location indicates that countries with a high share of offshore wind capacity are the most efficient.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Jian Chai, Zhaohao Wei, Yi Hu, Siping Su, Zhe George Zhang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The rise of the shale gas industry and the need for clean, low-carbon energy transformation in China has meant that the relationship between domestic and foreign natural gas markets has become closer. Therefore, identifying the changing relationships between the major global natural gas markets and China's natural gas market has important practical value for the current Chinese domestic natural gas pricing system. This paper used the DCC-GARCH-NARDL-ARDL-ECM as the analytical framework to study these relationships, from which it was found that there was no unified global natural gas market and that China's natural gas market was not yet aligned with this market. It was shown that there was no significant asymmetry in the impact of international gas prices on China's gas prices as no flexible adjustment measures were found in China's imported natural gas pricing mechanism. Moreover, while international natural gas prices were found to have a significant impact on China's natural gas prices over the long term, there were obvious regional differences over the short term. Accordingly, new pricing policies should be designed to promote market-oriented natural gas pricing reforms in acknowledging features such as asymmetry, the difference between imported gas sources and the periodicity of price adjustment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alexander Vinel, Ebrahim Mortaz〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Tapping into a large amount of renewable generation considering the inherent variability of renewable energy sources (RES) can greatly increase the risk of supply and demand imbalances in electric power delivery. One of the major components of this risk is the intermittency of both wind and solar power generation. In this paper, we show that by strategically planning for geographical and technological diversification of renewable generation capacity it is possible to reduce such risk in a RES-only US energy portfolio. We consider wind and solar as the sole sources of generation and use risk-averse stochastic optimization with Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) to optimize energy generation locations and capacities in an idealized case study. The optimal RES portfolios demonstrate a significant improvement in generation profile compared to non-pooled or non-optimized alternatives. This confirms that with smart policy planning one can push the limits of the risk of imbalances in RES-only portfolios within continental United States, and highlights the need for system-wide thinking when designing a large-scale energy portfolio.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rebecca Lordan-Perret, Austin L. Wright, Peter Burgherr, Matteo Spada, Robert Rosner〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To what extent can energy infrastructure become a tool for insurgents? Non-state, insurgent actors have increased attacks on critical energy infrastructure over time (Giroux et al., 2013). As critical energy infrastructure becomes more complex and interconnected, attacks on this infrastructure can have far reaching consequences not only for the economy but also for social institutions. Leveraging exogenously scheduled elections in Colombia and microlevel energy infrastructure attack data, we use multivariate linear regression to show that insurgent groups, 〈em〉Las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (FARC)〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Ejército de Liberación〈/em〉 (ELN), time attacks on critical energy infrastructure in the months before an election. We find that the likelihood of an attack on electricity transmission lines and substations increased by 34% in the lead up to election months and that the number of attacks increased by 37% during election months. We further find these attacks are correlated with reduced voter turnout, indicating that infrastructure attacks may undermine participation in democratic institutions. These findings are particularly interesting as democratic societies—burgeoning and established—try to identify the unintended vulnerabilities to society that accompany the benefits of increased interconnectedness.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Simone Tagliapietra, Georg Zachmann, Ottmar Edenhofer, Jean-Michel Glachant, Pedro Linares, Andreas Loeschel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Over the last decade, the EU has pursued a proactive climate policy and has integrated a significant amount of renewables into the energy system. These efforts have proved successful and continuing along this pathway, increasing renewables and improving energy efficiency, would not require substantial policy shifts. But the EU now needs a deeper energy transformation to decarbonise in line with the Paris agreement and to seize the economic and industrial opportunities offered by this global transformation. A full-fledged energy transition is becoming economically and technically feasible, and its cost would be similar to that of maintaining the existing system, if appropriate policies and regulations are put in place. In short, the EU could benefit from deep decarbonisation irrespective of what other economies around the world do. The transition can also be socially acceptable, if the right policies are put in place to control and mitigate the distributional effects of deeper decarbonisation. The time to act is now, as policy choices made up to 2024 will define the shape of the EU energy system by 2050. This article outlines the key priorities that, in our view, should drive the EU energy and climate policy making for the new institutional cycle 2019–2024.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈h3〉Abstract〈/h3〉 〈p〉How has ecological knowledge been applied in Norwegian management of hydropower and protected areas? By recognizing a diversity of environmental ‘knowledges’ and science as potentially subordinated to political and economic interests, we explain the link between ecological knowledge and management by the state and scale of knowledge, political conflict and international commitments. The analysis is guided by case-study methodology. We find that ecological knowledge has had weak impact in the management reform of protected areas and been reduced as a decision-making premise in hydropower management. Differing combinations of case-specific factors have produced these outcomes. In the case of protected areas, ecological knowledge was suppressed mainly by opposing economic interests. The hydropower case showed how competing environmental knowledge and international commitments related to renewable energy and climate change overshadowed nature management concerns. These observations highlight the importance of differentiating between types of environmental knowledge and between knowledge and interests in the study of nature management.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1567-9764
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1553
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science , Economics
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Maurice Beseng〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This article removes the lid on fisheries crime in Cameroon by providing empirical evidence of criminal practices along the maritime fisheries value chain. To achieve this, the study relied on both primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from direct observation, informal group discussions and semi-structured interviews involving state officials, coastal community groups and other civil society organisations in the west maritime district of Southwest Cameroon. The article reveals a plethora of fisheries-related crimes encompassing corruption (i.e. bribery and abuse of office), document and identity fraud, illegal exploitation of fish maws and endangered marine mammals. Other crimes associated to the fisheries sector included: smuggling of contraband goods, arms smuggling, illegal migration, illegal recruitment and abuse of workers' rights. Through these examples, this research empirically demonstrates the interrelationship of the different criminal practices and their organised and transnational dimension. The study also paints a complex picture of criminality perpetuated by a sophisticated network of both local and foreign industrial fisheries stakeholders. Consequently, addressing illicit activities in the maritime fisheries sector requires cooperation from a wide range of both state and non-state actors in investigating and analysing the nature of fisheries crime practices, the agents involved and their modes of operation. This approach is necessary to gain a better understanding of the problem and enable actors design appropriate and targeted management responses.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): André S. Afonso, Leonardo L. Fidelis, Pedro L. Roque, Renato Galindo, Wanderson Dionisio, Leonardo B. Veras, Fábio H.V. Hazin〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are potentially effective conservation and management instruments yet they often produce socioeconomic conflicts which may challenge their success. Knowledge and perceptions about environmental subjects among MPA residents were examined to identify possible effects of conservation policies upon local communities. Sharks were used as a proxy for wildlife given their local relevance and socioenvironmental context. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from 134 randomly-selected residents of Fernando de Noronha (FEN), Brazil. Affinity towards nature tended to decrease among people 〉44 years old, whereas 〉10 years residents were more associated with negative feelings about sharks. Homogeneity in knowledge was noticed but perceptions decreased conspicuously across residence time-classes. Only 33% of respondents reported unarguable MPA benefits to local welfare, while several problems pertaining to infrastructure, management and resources were mentioned. These results are worrisome because they might translate into growing frustration along with residence time, which could potentially jeopardize the success of conservation policies. Wildlife conservation and at least partial improvements to welfare being positively signalized by a relevant proportion of respondents suggest an encouraging potential for relationship improvement between MPAs and stakeholders. Nonetheless, the long-term sustainability of inhabited MPAs could depend on properly integrating human users and ensuring their support and compliance, which must be considered while designing management strategies. Given the prestige of FEN in the South Atlantic and worldwide, it is important that this MPA delivers successful, sustainable outcomes that can be representative of efficient conservation trajectories to be replicated elsewhere.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sara Hornborg, Ingrid van Putten, Camilla Novaglio, Elizabeth A. Fulton, Julia L. Blanchard, Éva Plagányi, Cathy Bulman, Keith Sainsbury〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is a globally mandated approach with the intention to jointly address ecological and human (social-cultural, economic and institutional) dimensions. Indicators to measure performance against objectives have been suggested, tested, and refined but with a strong bias towards ecological indicators. In this paper, current use and application of indicators related to the human dimension in EBFM research and ecosystem models are analysed. It is found that compared to ecological counterparts, few indicators related to the human dimension are commonly associated with EBFM, and they mainly report on economic objectives related to fisheries. Similarly, in the most common ecosystem models, economic indicators are the most frequently used related to the human dimension, both in terms of model outputs and inputs. The prospect is small that indicators mainly related to profitable fishing economy are able to report on meeting the broad range of EBFM objectives and to successfully evaluate progress in achieving EBFM goals. To fully conform with EBFM principles, it is necessary to recognise that ecological and human indicators are inter-dependent. Moreover, the end-to-end ecosystem models used in EBFM will need to be further developed to allow a fuller spectrum of social-cultural, institutional, and economic objectives to be reported against.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈h3〉Abstract〈/h3〉 〈p〉This paper provides empirical evidence regarding the effect of energy based taxes on economic growth. The analysis is based on a panel dataset of 31 OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development) member countries from 1994 to 2013, using multiple imputation algorithm to address missingness pattern. Employing the instrumental variables with two-stage least squares instrumental variable estimator, we found that energy based taxes have a negative effect on economic growth rate. This effect may rely significantly on the level of the economy’s dependence on polluting energy use as a share of total energy used in the production process. In addition, our study shows that an increase in energy based taxes can enhance significantly the economic growth rate, as the initial level of country’s richness increases.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 1432-847X
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-383X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science , Economics
    Published by Springer
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yang Zhang, Da Yan, Shan Hu, Siyue Guo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A rapid rise in China's construction scale due to urbanization has resulted in a large amount of energy consumption and carbon emission. In order to achieve carbon emission reduction and energy security, it is important to assess the energy use of and emissions from the building construction sector. This paper presents a China Building Construction Model (CBCM) based on a process-based life cycle assessment (LCA) approach and discusses the trends in energy consumption of and carbon emission regarding China's building construction sector from 2000 to 2016. In 2016, the total energy consumption of the building construction sector was 411 million tce, accounting for approximately 9% of the country's total energy consumption. The construction activities of urban residential, public, and commercial buildings have replaced rural residential buildings as the main source of energy consumption and emission. Construction scale, building structure type, and material production efficiency are the three important driving factors. A decline in China's building construction scale, promotion of new low carbon building structures, and improvement in production efficiency may reduce future energy use and carbon emissions related to the building construction sector.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kwabena Krah, Hope Michelson, Emilie Perge, Rohit Jindal〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Though problems related to low and declining soil fertility continue to impede agricultural production and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa, smallholder farmers in this region – those cultivating two hectares or less – have shown reluctance to adopt practices at scale that help conserve or enhance soil quality. Employing a discrete choice-based experiment, we find evidence that farmers’ propensity to adopt soil fertility management (SFM) practices increases with improved access to mineral fertilizers, and when farmers receive relevant technical training on soil fertility improving technologies. A unique aspect of our study is our focus on understanding how smallholders’ stated SFM preferences relate to their perceptions of recent local climatic variation. We find that farmers who perceive that rainfall amounts are decreasing are less willing to adopt crop rotations to improve soils. Our findings suggest that policies designed to increase adoption of SFM practices are more likely to succeed when they provide farmers with inputs that farmers perceive as complementary to SFM, including mineral fertilizer, and when they are built around an understanding of farmers’ perceptions of climatic variability.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Olivier J. Walther, Michel Tenikue, Marie Trémolières〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The objective of this article is to measure the effects of income and gender on informal social networks in the rice value chain. Using primary data collected on 490 entrepreneurs in Benin, Niger and Nigeria, the paper first demonstrates that the monthly profit of entrepreneurs is determined by their structural position within the rice value chain. The most prosperous actors are simultaneously deeply embedded in their community through numerous ties and capable of building connections with other communities outside their own ethnic groups and countries. The paper then analyses to what extent gender is a strong predictor of social ties. An econometric analysis shows that women are less central than men and that their income is much lower after controlling for age, experience, education, religion and matrimonial status.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Khan Islam, Melanie O’Gorman〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉There is now a vast literature investigating the impact of microcredit on poverty in the developing world. Such studies are by and large at the micro-level – investigating the impact of the provision of microcredit loans or a feature of microcredit contracts for a specific microfinance institution (MFI) on measures of well-being such as poverty or female empowerment. While these studies are crucial for understanding the effectiveness of microcredit in various contexts, very little analysis has been at the macroeconomic level with a view to understanding the general equilibrium effects of microfinance. This paper does this, by providing a comprehensive theory that allows the relative importance of the various factors influencing microcredit’s impact to be quantified. We build on Buera et al. (2012) and develop a model of financial intermediation which highlights the roles of credit market imperfections, MFI efficiency and occupational choice. We exploit the large cross-country variation in microcredit features to decipher the important features of microcredit contracts, calibrating the model to data for 21 countries in the early 2000s. We then use the calibrated model to investigate the impact of a number of counterfactual scenarios which may lend insight into microcredit policy, such as training for microcredit clients, credit information-sharing and microcredit itself. We investigate the impact of each policy experiment on poverty, income per capita and entrepreneurship. This paper highlights that the impact of credit policies differs significantly across countries, and therefore that no credit-based policy is a panacea for improving welfare.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pamina Koenig, Sandra Poncet〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper studies the effect of social responsibility scandals on the imports of consumer products, by focusing on an event which generated massive consumer mobilization against neglecting firms, namely the collapse of the Rana Plaza building affecting the textile industry in Bangladesh. We investigate the import repercussions of this major shock in the perceived quality of clothing producers sourcing in Bangladesh. In line with the well-documented home bias in trade and home-country media slant, we assume that consumers’ reaction will be stronger when domestic firms are named and shamed. Our empirical strategy uses a difference-in-difference approach that compares imports from Bangladesh of countries according to whether some of their companies were directly associated with the collapse of the Rana Plaza. Our results are consistent with demand being sensitive to social responsibility scandals. While aggregate imports from Bangladesh continue to increase during the whole period (2010–2016), there is a marked disruption that affects countries whose brands were named and shamed by activists and the media after the disaster. In addition, the decline in imports is all the greater as the number of NGO campaigns on the misbehavior of national textile retailers is high.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Markus Thimmel, Gilbert Fridgen, Robert Keller, Patrick Roevekamp〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The increasing share of renewables confronts existing power grids with a massive challenge, stemming from additional volatility to power grids introduced by renewable energy sources. This increases the demand for balancing mechanisms, which provide balancing power to ensure that power supply always meets with demand. However, the ability to provide cost-efficient and eco-friendly balancing power can vary significantly between locations. Fridgen et al. (2017) introduce an approach based on geographically distributed data centers, aiming at the spatial migration of balancing power demand between distant locations. Although their approach enables the migration of balancing demand to cost-efficient and/or eco-friendly balancing mechanisms, it will come up against limits if deployed on a global scale. In this paper, we extend Fridgen et al. (2017)'s approach by developing a model based on geographically distributed data centers, which not only enables the migration of balancing demand but also compensates for this migration when it is contradictory between different balancing power markets without burdening conventional balancing mechanisms. Using a simulation based on real-world data, we demonstrate the possibility to exploit the potential of compensation balancing demand offered by spatial load migration resulting in economic gains that will incentivize data center operators to apply our model.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): J. Ford, D. Clark〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The Arctic is undergoing transformative climate change, with profound implications for transportation safety in marine areas. Circumpolar marine risks are growing due to ship traffic increases linked to more ice-free open water, as well as increases in hazards for individuals that frequently travel on ice and trails in the region. While recent Government of Canada policies have attempted to respond to the growing risk of marine and coastal emergencies, there is strong evidence that the federal government and communities along Canada's Arctic coast are minimally prepared for the emerging risks. In this Short Communication, we argue that Canada is falling short of its international and national obligations to provide timely search and rescue across the Arctic, to the detriment of Arctic communities. Drawing from recently published reports and literature, we argue that providing additional training, resources, and support for volunteer SAR groups across the region is critical, along with increasing federal air and marine resources committed to the region. Such investments need underpin Canada's approach to climate change adaptation in the North.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wasantha Athukorala, Clevo Wilson, Shunsuke Managi, Muditha Karunarathna〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper examines residential demand for electricity in Sri Lanka using survey data collected over a five-year period between 2011 and 2015. The study finds that the major determinants of demand for residential electricity are the result of price or market distortions (i.e. subsidies), socioeconomic variables and energy saving technology. The effects of these variables are particularly relevant to competition policy. Estimated elasticities with respect to average price, subsidies under marginal cost pricing, subsidies under average cost pricing and income are found to be −0.015, 0.021, 0.036 and 0.046 respectively. We find that demand for electricity is inelastic and is categorised as a normal good. However, elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are found to be higher than the price variable. This implies, that under an increasing block rate system any price change used as a policy measure to control electricity consumption will not be effective. This is because price changes could alter the subsidy received by the consumer and therefore reverse the objective of the price change. Further, results of this study find that price and elasticities with respect to subsidy variables are relatively higher for low income groups while income elasticity is relatively larger for high income groups.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Valentina Zuin, Caroline Delaire, Rachel Peletz, Alicea Cock-Esteb, Ranjiv Khush, Jeff Albert〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Worldwide, 892 million people practice open defecation, most of whom live in rural areas of South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) is the most widely deployed approach to generate demand for, and use of sanitation facilities. CLTS relies on behavioral change and community self-enforcement to end open defecation. Since its genesis in Bangladesh in 1999, CLTS has spread to approximately 60 countries, mostly in Asia and Africa, and is employed by the majority of development organizations operating in rural sanitation. This paper uses a qualitative approach to analyze the reasons and processes that drove the wide diffusion of CLTS. We show that CLTS was embraced because it was perceived as a fast and effective solution to the problem of open defecation, one which was in line with the decentralization and community participation paradigms, at a time when donors and governments were looking for strategies to meet the MDG for sanitation. CLTS spread under the leadership of influential donors, NGOs, persuasive practitioners, and academics. Face-to-face interactions among members of this network and local governments at conferences and workshops played a central role in the diffusion of the approach. The use of experiential learning during study tours and workshop field visits has been crucial to persuade government actors at different levels, NGOs, and donors to use the CLTS approach. Notably, robust scientific evidence played little role in the diffusion of CLTS. We conclude by making suggestions to strengthen the evidence base for rural sanitation policies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Youngwan Kim, Hyuk-Sang Sohn, Bokyeong Park〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A majority of people in developing countries suffer from chronic hunger due to food crises and poverty. This has attracted humanitarian organizations specializing in addressing hunger, food security and poverty to set up efforts aimed at reducing hunger and poverty among vulnerable communities. This study aims to evaluate the achievements of the Saemaul Zero Hunger Communities Project (SZHCP) of the World Food Program (WFP) implemented by Good Neighbors International (GNI) in partnership with Tanzanian and Bangladesh local governments, which ran from 2014 to 2018 in selected local communities in Tanzania and Bangladesh. The project targeted the most vulnerable communities to improve their livelihood and rural development programs in terms of food security, income generation, education, and infrastructure improvement through community-based activities. To collect information and data for evaluation, we conducted field research such as in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and household surveys in the target villages of the SZHCP in Tanzania and Bangladesh. Using qualitative analysis, difference-in-difference estimation, and linear regression on surveys of 1142 respondents, we show that the SZHCP significantly improved the livelihoods of beneficiaries in relation to zero hunger, and also increased income generation and promoted positive social changes. It has also helped to strengthen the capacity of communities to run development projects themselves. This study provides evidence-based analysis that could allow stakeholders and researchers to more fully engage with future community-based projects.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Yeong Jae Kim, Charlie Wilson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A systemic perspective on energy innovation is required to design effective portfolios of directed innovation activity. We contribute a standardised set of technology-specific indicators which describe processes throughout the energy technology innovation system, ranging from patents and publications to policy mixes, collaborative activity, and market share. Using these indicators, we then conceptualise and develop benchmark tests for three portfolio design criteria: balance, consistency, and alignment. Portfolio balance refers to the relative emphasis on specific technologies. Portfolio consistency refers to the relative emphasis on related innovation system processes. Portfolio alignment refers to the relative emphasis on innovation system processes for delivering targeted outcomes. We demonstrate the application of these benchmark tests using data for the EU's Strategic Energy Technology (SET) Plan which spans six technology fields. We find the SET Plan portfolio generally performs well particularly in areas over which portfolio managers have direct influence such as RD&D funding. However we also identify potential areas of imbalance, inconsistency, and misalignment which warrant further attention and potential redress by portfolio managers. Overall, we show how energy innovation portfolios can be analysed from a systemic perspective using a replicable, standardised set of measures of diverse innovation system processes.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Pedro L. Castro Verdezoto, Jorge A. Vidoza, Waldyr L.R. Gallo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A forecast model for the Ecuador energy sector was elaborated, by using LEAP model, this study aims to analyze the behavior of the energy matrix depending on energy forecast and efficiency policy scenarios, applying a bottom-up analysis and considering the latest politics/infrastructure planning background in Ecuador. The model and considerations proposed will result in a final energy consumption of 158 million BOE in 2030, in which the transportation sector is the main energy consumer. Regarding Ecuador energy planning, of which a critical point is the hydroelectricity available due to the commissioning of new hydro power plants, estimated at 63,513 Gwh in 2030, this value is 3.25 times that generated in 2010. In addition, the energy saving of 15 million BOE is forecast, as well as the reduction in GHG emission related to that saving due to the energy efficiency program PEC, which replaces LPG stoves with induction stoves in Ecuadorian households. Results point out that energy efficiency policies for the transportation sector would reduce oil products (2.97% in the high growth scenario), which could be reallocated to the industrial sector. Finally, another critical point is the rapid decline in the oil self-sufficiency, estimated at 15 years counted from 2030.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ricardo Abranches Felix Cardoso, Alessandra Schwertner Hoffmann〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The electricity sector planning in Brazil aims to promote a reliable and safe supply of electricity to society. There are risks associated with planning out these projects in regard to environmental licensing (particularly with Transmission Systems). This paper presents a conceptual model for a solid analysis of the electricity sector by providing a regulatory and procedural assessment; it aims to connect issues with environmental licenses to those ventures. The results show that delays and uncertainties are related to the concession of energy transmission projects, which have not conducted any previous studies on the possible environmental impacts and have not applied the Environmental Impact Assessment as an instrument for decision-making. In order to minimize these uncertainties, studies on environmental planning should be conducted in the early stages of the project, prior to concession, as the venture is granted only once the projects have been demonstrated to be environmental viable.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 20 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Daniel C. Miller, Reem Hajjar〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The role of forests in supporting current consumption and helping people cope with seasonal, climatic, and other stressors is increasingly well understood. But can forests help rural households climb out of poverty? And can forests provide a pathway to prosperity that includes more widely shared economic benefits and improvements in other aspects of human well-being? This introduction to the Special Issue on “Forests as Pathways to Prosperity” reviews the literature on forest livelihoods in developing countries to synthesize evidence relating to these questions. We find that available research primarily examines poverty mitigation aspects of forests rather than the potential role of forest conservation, management, and use in alleviating poverty or promoting broader prosperity. To increase understanding of forest-livelihood relationships we propose a framework based on the concept of prosperity, which draws particular attention to human well-being beyond economic and material dimensions. We argue that explicitly taking a more expansive view can enable better accounting for the diverse ways forests contribute to human welfare, expand the constituency for forests, and inform policies to more sustainably manage forests within wider landscapes. Together, our review and the other articles in this volume advance these objectives by providing new analytical frameworks, empirical insights, and theoretical understanding to build knowledge on linkages between forests, poverty, and broader prosperity.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Sunbin Yoo, Kyung Woong Koh, Yoshikuni Yoshida, Naoki Wakamori〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉While the fuel economy of Japanese automobiles has improved by 40% in the past decade, gasoline consumption in the transportation sector from 2007 to 2016 only decreased by 4%. We seek to explain this discrepancy by investigating Japanese fuel economy standards and the financial incentives given to consumers of fuel-efficient cars. To do so, this study explores whether Japanese policies caused such a rebound effect, by employing the difference-in-difference framework. We find that these policies contribute to energy rebound effect, by enabling higher fuel consumption at lower costs and thus causing higher energy usages. We provide evidence that policies can increase not only fuel usage but also fuel costs. The main driving force behind the rebound effect is the increase in the sales of hybrid vehicles, induced by financial incentives.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Zhongwen Xu, Liming Yao, Qiaoling Liu, Yin Long〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In Japan, the National Intended Determined Contributions (INDCs) towards post-2020 GHG emission reductions indicates a reduction of 26.0% is expected by the fiscal year 2030. However, regional emissions allowances have not been fully discussed based on Japan's INDCs target, which considers the regional socio-economic features. Given this, this study points out a soft-path for a fair and efficient quota allocation by proposing an integrated bilevel equilibrium model within a hierarchical structure consisting of the national government and 47 prefectural governments. This proposed model can be changed into a single level solvable equilibrium model, which can be solved by Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method. The major findings show that Hokkaido, Tokyo and Osaka were allowed the largest emissions quotas, while Tottori, Saga and Okinawa had the lowest emissions quotas. And the equity is necessary to be considered along with improving the emissions efficiency when reallocating carbon emission quotas, otherwise, the initiative to reduce emissions will not take place in prefectures with higher efficiency performance. Based on the findings, energy policy implications can be generated based on the above quantitative analysis to form a fair and efficient emission quota system at a sub-national level.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Eric O'Shaughnessy, Gregory F. Nemet, Jacquelyn Pless, Robert Margolis〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Solar photovoltaic (PV) prices have fallen significantly over the past two decades. These price reductions have relied primarily on falling system hardware costs. Future reductions in PV prices—which are needed to ensure that enough PV will be deployed to meet global clean energy objectives—will require reductions in non-hardware or “soft” costs, particularly in markets with relatively high soft costs such as the United States. In this article, we draw insights from the literature on which factors affect soft costs for small-scale PV systems in the United States. The literature shows that soft costs tend to be lower for systems that are larger, installed during new construction, installed by more experienced installers, installed in more concentrated markets and in more competitive markets, installed in markets where customers receive more quotes, or installed in markets with less onerous permitting requirements. We identify three marketplace design strategies that policymakers could pursue to address the soft cost challenge in the United States and similar markets: encourage the expansion of quote platforms; encourage or require that PV system installation be integrated into the new construction and roof replacement process; and encourage the expansion of customer aggregation models such as Solarize campaigns and community solar.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Grant Alan Burrier, Philip Hultquist〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Hydroelectric power is the world’s largest source of renewable energy. It can encourage economic development while reducing carbon emissions, but large hydroelectric projects have serious social and environmental consequences. Democratic Developmental and Ecological Modernization theorists counseled the adoption of new regulations and institutions to increase citizen participation and socioenvironmental protection. Environmental impact assessments (EIAs) and public audiences are considered best practice, but do these new protections and procedures alter government behavior when it makes critical development decisions? We argue scholars have paid too little attention to how bureaucratic hierarchies and weak cross-agency harmonization weaken environmental regimes. To highlight these issues, we provide an in-depth case study of hydroelectric dam construction in India, a country simultaneously confronting widespread underdevelopment and an energy matrix overwhelmingly reliant on carbon-based sources. Our multi-method analysis includes: innovative ArcGIS techniques to create an original database of large hydroelectric projects, field research, and a longitudinal analysis of three distinct periods of dam construction. We find the Indian government gradually shifted from large, multipurpose impoundment dams to smaller run-of-the-river (ROR) projects. ROR dams maintain a smaller footprint by requiring less flooding, but they are less efficient and versatile. Facing greater constitutional protections, concerns about resettlement costs, and past social mobilization, the Indian government is prioritizing smaller projects in remote locations to mitigate the social consequences of dam projects. Nevertheless, environmental concerns have been perfunctory. No fish ladders, exposed riverbeds, compromised waterflow regimes, and minimal riparian rehabilitation mean the environmental consequences of ROR dams remain extremely severe. These findings can be attributed to bureaucratic hierarchies, which limit the power of environmental agencies. Additionally, EIAs have been largely cursory and public audiences have not tangibly improved environmental outcomes because civil society generally prioritizes the social impacts of projects. In conclusion, our study finds India is better reconciling economic development with greater social protection and inclusion. The continued negative environmental externalities of contemporary hydroelectric projects highlight significant space for improving environmental protection.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mehmet Balcilar, Rıza Demirer, Shawkat Hammoudeh〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study extends the literature on the asymmetric effect of oil price fluctuations on emerging and frontier stock markets via a quantile-on-quantile approach that allows to capture normal and extreme states in each respective market. We find that oil risk exposures are heterogeneous across the emerging and frontier stock markets and indeed display quantile-specific characteristics. Observing uniform patterns of oil risk exposures within groups of countries that include both importers and exporters, we argue that oil price risk serves as a systematic risk proxy, capturing the market's concerns regarding global growth expectations, rather than a simple import/export commodity. Our findings suggest that signals from the oil market, either via measures of trading activity in oil futures or changes in basis values, could be utilized by policy makers to improve models of stock market volatility.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Eric O'Shaughnessy, Jenny Heeter, Julien Gattaciecca, Jenny Sauer, Kelly Trumbull, Emily Chen〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Community choice aggregation (CCA) is an emerging model of energy procurement that allows local governmental entities to procure electricity on behalf of retail electricity customers. Through CCA, local governments can control local electricity portfolios while investor-owned utilities remain responsible for transmission and distribution. In this article, we use a combination of publicly-available data, data obtained directly from CCAs, and stakeholder interviews to explore the rise of CCAs, the current and potential future impacts of CCAs on demand for renewable energy, and the factors that will determine future CCA expansion. We estimate that CCAs procured about 42 million megawatt-hours of electricity on behalf of about 5 million customers in the United States in 2017. We estimate that CCAs already procure about 8.9 million megawatt-hours more renewable energy than required by state mandates, and that CCAs could procure as much as 28.9 million megawatt-hours of voluntary renewable energy if the CCA model is permitted in more states. The ongoing expansion of CCAs could significantly affect electricity markets, electricity portfolios, and the future role of utilities. We explore various challenges associated with the further expansion of CCAs.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Alessandra Schwertner Hoffmann, Gabriel Henriques de Carvalho, Ricardo Abranches Felix Cardoso Jr.〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The demand for solar sources of electrical energy is increasing in the Brazilian electricity market. Investments in the sector are expected to significantly increase, thereby creating a demand for a reliable environmental licensing process. Analysis of the international regulatory frameworks allows for a critical comparison to national- and state-level frameworks. The results obtained via this comparison have helped to identify different assessment criteria that can be used to define the typologies for environmental studies for the Brazilian states included in this study, and to show the subjectivity of the process. The development of guidance regulations is also recommended to establish more universally applicable criteria. The proposed adjustments aim to reduce the risks of delays, unexpected costs, and availability of the projects, thereby increasing reliability for electricity sector planning, the investors, and the consumers.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Raphaël-Homayoun Boroumand, Stéphane Goutte, Khaled Guesmi, Thomas Porcher〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Our article provides a better understanding of risk management strategies for all energy market stakeholders. A good knowledge of optimal risk hedging strategies is not only important for energy companies but also for regulators and policy makers in a context of climate emergency. Indeed, the electricity sector is key to achieve energy and ecological transition. Electricity companies should be on frontline of climate change struggle. Taking the perspective of electricity retailers, we analyze a range of portfolios made of forward contracts and/or power plants for specific hourly clusters based on electricity market data from the integrated German-Austrian spot market. We prove that intra-day hedging with forward contracts is sub-optimal compared to financial options and physical assets. By demonstrating the contribution of intra-day hedging with options and physical assets, we highlight the specificities of electricity markets as hourly markets with strong volatility during peak hours. By simulating optimal hedging strategies, our article proposes a range of new portfolios for electricity retailers to manage their risks and reduce their sourcing costs. A lower hedging cost enables to allocate more resources to digitalization and energy efficiency services to take into account customers’ expectations for more climate-friendly retailers. This is a virtuous circle. Retailers provide high value-added energy efficiency services so that consumers consume less. The latter contributes to reach electricity reduction targets to fight climate warming.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Junqing Yu, Kaile Zhou, Shanlin Yang〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study aims at investigating regional heterogeneity of China's energy efficiency in the “new normal”. A model combining meta-frontier method and super SBM is proposed, which has higher discriminatory power under the group frontier. The energy efficiencies of the eastern, central, western and northeastern China and each provinces were estimated during 2006–2016. We also discussed the technology gaps of different regions, the changes in energy efficiency, and the main influencing factors of energy efficiency. The results show that the highest energy efficiency lied in eastern China. Surprisingly, the technology levels of central and western China have improved rapidly. Furthermore, as China enters a “new normal” period, more regions showed a strong decoupling relationship between energy consumption and economic growth. Meanwhile, the regression results indicate that both state intervention and market openness had negative impacts on energy efficiency in different study periods. Finally, according to the local conditions of different regions, several policy recommendations to promote China's regional energy efficiency improvement are proposed.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephen Essex, Jiska de Groot〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉There is increasing recognition that the prospects of a post-networked city challenges the myth of the modernist ideal of a networked city and offers a more realistic proposition for energy transitions in the global south. This paper examines the energy transitions involved in the development of South Africa's versions of the modern infrastructural ideal for electricity provision since the nineteenth century. Four phases of South Africa's energy transition are identified, consisting of colonial, apartheid, post-apartheid and low-carbon phases. The paper argues that the agendas influencing the generation, distribution and consumption of electricity in South Africa are multiple and potentially conflicting, which are emblematic of the limitations of the modern infrastructure ideal, particularly in relation to the formation of an ‘energy underclass’. Recognition and consideration of the potential uneven and differentiated spatial effects of energy transitions will continue to be integral to the planning and management of any transformations towards a post-networked city.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Fateh Belaïd, Maha Harbaoui Zrelli〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article, we develop an empirical model to investigate the causal link amid renewable and non-renewable electricity consumption, GDP and carbon emissions by using a panel of 9 Mediterranean countries over the period 1980–2014. Using the PMG panel ARDL and panel econometric technics, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence among the panel were considered to explore the long and short-run dynamic relationships as well as the validity of a proposed model. The results provide panel empirical evidence that there is short-term bidirectional causality between GDP, renewable electricity consumption and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions and between non-renewable electricity consumption, GDP and renewable electricity consumption. For the long-term causal relationship, the result indicates that there is bidirectional causality between non-renewable electricity consumption and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions. However, there is evidence of unidirectional causal relationships from GDP to CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions and non-renewable electricity consumption and from renewable electricity consumption to CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions. The findings imply that non-renewable electricity consumption and economic growth stimulate CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions in southern and northern Mediterranean countries, while renewable electricity reduces them. This empirical evidence suggests that expansion of renewable energy sources is a viable strategy for addressing energy security and reducing carbon emissions to protect the environment for future generations.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): R. Inglesi-Lotz〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉The literature has always shown that there are two important factors in the improvement of a country's research output: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and R&D Expenditures. Taking the discussion a step further, and in an effort to provide policy recommendations on what is needed to boost research capacity, this paper aims at decomposing the change in energy research papers of five countries (Australia, Canada, Germany, UK and US) into four factors: GDP, R&D intensity (ratio of total R&D to GDP), energy R&D rate of return or productivity (number of energy-related papers per unit of energy R&D expenditure), and energy R&D priority (share of energy R&D to total R&D expenditure).〈/p〉 〈p〉The findings show a general trend in the sign of the four effects on research for all five countries: energy R&D productivity, energy R&D priority, and GDP are mostly found to be positive contributors, while the R&D intensity a negative one. This pattern has exceptions that are more prominent during periods where economic growth is constrained, for example during 2008/09. The results have policy implications not only for these five countries but also for developing countries (low GDP) that aim at contributing more to the energy-related research output globally.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Evangelos Kyritsis, Jonas Andersson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In this article we investigate the dynamic relations between crude oil price returns and a set of energy price returns, namely diesel, gasoline, heating, and the natural gas. This is performed by means of Granger non-causality tests for US closing spot prices over the period from January 1997 to December 2017. In previous studies this has been done by testing for the added predictive value of including lagged returns of one energy price in predicting the conditional expectation of another. In this paper we instead focus on different ranges of the full conditional distribution, and thus market states, within the framework of a dynamic quantile regression model, and identify the quantile ranges from which causality arises. The results constitute a richer set of findings than what is possible by just considering a single moment of the conditional distribution, which can be useful for implementing better substitution investment strategies and effective policy interventions. We find several interesting uni-directional dynamic relations between the employed energy price returns, especially in the tail quantiles, but also bi-directional causal relations between energy price returns for which the classical Granger non-causality test suggests otherwise. Our results are robust to alternative measures of the price of oil and different data frequencies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): George Halkos〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉During the recent decades, the energy sector has undergone thoughtful structural changes, getting towards a more competitive environment, a process that is highly controlled and monitored by regulatory authorities. The differences in the pace and extent of market reforms are mainly related to the starting point of each reform and the problems associated with the internal environment of the market. The applied theoretical and analytical contributions provide guidance to policy-makers and government officials in designing new policy scenarios for the investigation of the role of competition in the energy sector. The empirical contributions provide evidence to support and inform current policy debates and should be of benefit to policy-makers and researchers worldwide.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Thang T. Vo, Pham Hoang Van〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study provides new evidence on the impact of health insurance coverage on household vulnerability using the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Surveys (VARHS) for 2010 and 2012. We apply propensity score matching to address the non-random selection of households into health insurance status. The VARHS data allow us to include risk preference as a predictor of health insurance propensity, an important source of endogeneity between health insurance coverage and vulnerability. We estimate that health insurance helps rural households in Vietnam reduce the idiosyncratic component of utility loss by 81 per cent and the probability of becoming poor by 19 per cent. Our results are robust to alternative statistical specifications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper measuring the impact of health insurance coverage on household 〈em〉ex-ante〈/em〉 vulnerability. Our findings suggest that expanding access, reducing costs and improving efficiency in health care would have big benefits of reducing vulnerability for the poor.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 16 July 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephen P.A. Brown, Marilyn A. Brown, Reinhard Madlener, Stephen Thomas, Peng Zhou, Carlos Henggeler Antunes, Sonia Yeh〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Federico Maria Butera, Paola Caputo, Rajendra Singh Adhikari, Renata Mele〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper presents the results of a survey on two informal settlements in Rio De Janeiro: Reta Velha (Itaboraí) and Jardim Bom Retiro (São Gonçalo). A detailed analysis of energy access and energy poverty level has been accomplished by questionnaires carried out in 400 households. The questionnaire was based on a detailed multi-tier approach. It was aimed at exploring the actual energy access and energy poverty in 〈em〉favelas〈/em〉, in addition to draw the local living conditions and the availability of the basic services. The outcomes of the research underline the problem of outages and low tension, and illegal connections. Furthermore, electricity consumption is very high compared to the service provided, and expenditures are generally disproportioned to the households’ income. Many interesting outcomes emerge from the survey. Referring to energy poverty, it is a status in which 50% of households are in Jardim Bom Retiro and 20% in Reta Velha. Due to the representativeness of the treated case, the results permit the definition of the state of the art and of enhancing guidelines suitable also for other contexts, at least in the universe of informal settlements in Latin America and Caribbean.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Immanuel Stieß, Anja Umbach-Daniel, Corinna Fischer〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉An important share of developed countries’ energy consumption is used for heating. In the past decades, increasing living space has been one of the main drivers for energy demand in the housing sector. Based on a social innovation framework and drawing on two case studies from Germany and Switzerland, this paper explores options to reduce living space in the residential sector. Both cases focus on senior owners of single family houses (SFH), an important target group, as they remain in large family dwellings after their children have moved out. In the paper, we present the results of empirical work conducted in both projects, exploring how living in large dwellings is perceived by SFH-owners and which alternative options seem feasible and promising. These insights are linked to an intervention perspective, drawing on targeted workshops for homeowners in Switzerland. The findings show that options such as densification, letting out or moving to a smaller apartment, can be appealing to senior SFH-owners, if they are linked to attractive and positive visions about living in old age. Drawing on these empirical insights, we discuss how senior SFH-owners can be made aware of the advantages of managing with less space, and how they can be motivated and enabled to do so. Based on the social innovation approach and the findings from the surveys, we add suggestions on a broader supportive policy framework.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 134〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Boris R. Lukanov, Elena M. Krieger〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The rapid growth of distributed solar adoption in California provides an opportunity to lower electricity bills for the adopters and realize additional community benefits, including grid resilience and lower grid emissions. It is unclear, however, whether this transition is occurring equitably across the state's various demographic and socioeconomic groups and whether historically disadvantaged environmental justice (EJ) communities have been able to exploit the bill savings and other associated benefits of rooftop solar. Here we analyze the cumulative and annualized (spatial and temporal) rates of PV adoption across California and compare those with data from the state's cumulative impact EJ methodology (CalEnviroScreen). We find persistently lower levels of PV adoption in disadvantaged communities, suggesting clear distributive and equity impacts of existing PV support policies, and indicating that the benefits bypass some of the state's most vulnerable populations. The analysis reveals strong correlation of solar adoption with not only socioeconomic variables, but also with health, environmental and demographic indicators, contributing to our growing understanding of the role these factors play in household clean-energy adoption trends. The results provide a baseline from which to develop more effective policies, strategically design incentives, and track the efficacy of existing solar programs that target disadvantaged communities.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Kelvin Mashisia Shikuku, Julius Juma Okello, Stella Wambugu, Kirimi Sindi, Jan W. Low, Margaret McEwan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study examined the nutrition and food security impacts of a project that was designed to improve availability of disease-free planting materials of biofortified orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) in rural Tanzania. Difference-in-difference and matching techniques were employed to estimate causal effects using panel data. Participation in the project increased agronomic and nutritional knowledge of households, raised uptake rate for OFSP varieties, and improved food security status. Effects on nutrition are, however, weak. These results suggest that timely access to quality seeds accompanied by a transfer of skills is important to reduce barriers to adoption of biofortified crops with resulting positive effects on the welfare of rural households. Adequate promotion of both agronomic and nutrition aspects of the technologies may enhance nutrition effects.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Guenwoo Lee, Aya Suzuki, Vu Hoang Nam〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In developing countries, social networks play a critical role in the transmission of information about new technologies and influence an individual’s decision to adopt the technology. Thus, this study considered a case of shrimp farmers in Vietnam to identify whether the farmers’ networks have positive effects on diffusing accurate agricultural information to the treated farmers and their neighbors. To explore the effects, we invited farmers selected using network-based targeting to a workshop held in December 2017 and estimated it using data obtained before and after the treatment. We found that: 1) the targeting has a positive effect on the treated farmers’ knowledge level about a good aquaculture practice; 2) The treated farmers selected using the network-based targeting share information with more neighbors when they get new information; and 3) The targeting has a positive spillover effect on untreated farmers' knowledge level, but its effect is lower than other randomly selected. These findings can conclude that network-based targeting appears to be a method to disseminate information to many people. Nevertheless, the methods are less likely to deliver accurate information to a wider group of farmers than random sampling.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): A.V. Krøvel, B. Gjerstad, K. Skoland, K.M. Lindland, S. Hynes, E. Ravagnan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉In order to achieve sustainable growth of the aquaculture industry, factors such as environment, economy and public opinions need to be accounted for. In this paper, we explore and compare attitudes towards the aquaculture industry in a statistical representative sample of Norwegians with attitudes in a representative sample from a local area where the aquaculture is highly present, also in Norway. Analysis of the national and local samples allows for investigation of how opinions towards aquaculture vary according to both demographical variables and geographical setting. Our findings suggest that being from an area where the industry dominates does not give one a more negative view of the environmental threat of the industry, but does make one less likely to believe that aquaculture activity creates local employment. In addition, the results show that in a community where the aquaculture industry dominates, negative attitudes towards aquaculture are not primarily due to its perceived environmental impact, but rather due to conflicts of interest and to whether aquaculture activity is perceived to create jobs locally or not.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xiongfeng Pan, Md. Kamal Uddin, Umme Saima, Zhiming Jiao, Cuicui Han〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Nowadays, multifaceted interdependence between macroeconomic variables results in an extended list of factors that have diverse impacts on energy intensity. Thus, sustaining energy intensity at a desired level demands advanced studies to investigate the multifarious influences of its factors and ensure proactive measures to deal with them. This paper aims to set up a path model to analyze the direct and indirect impacts of industrialization and trade openness on energy intensity in Bangladesh. The results corroborate that industrialization has a direct positive influence on energy intensity where trade openness shows a direct negative effect on it; and both industrialization and trade openness have negative indirect impact on energy intensity through technological innovation and economic growth respectively. In case of individual total impacts, only industrialization affects energy intensity positively, where trade openness, technological innovation and economic growth negatively do. Based on the empirical results, some policy implications regarding energy intensity and effects of its factors on it are also presented.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Enrico Botta〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper aims at shedding some lights on how policy induced uncertainty affects the cost of capital of renewable energy power plants. To this end, the paper focuses on renewable energy auctions and on the ongoing Brexit negotiations. First, the paper reviews auction frameworks across Europe and discusses the impact of the different designs on project risk. Then, a stated preference approach is leveraged to investigate how policy design and the uncertainty regarding the future arrangements between the UK and the EU contribute to determine the cost of equity for renewable energy. The results show that improved auction design can help to lower the equity cost between 0.5% and 1.5%. The evidence on Brexit is rather weak and - if anything - suggests only a higher relevance of these negotiations for English-based investors than for those based in EU27.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Elisabetta Menini, Cindy Lee Van Dover〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Active hydrothermal vents are valued worldwide because of the importance of their biodiversity and their influence on scientific discovery and insight about life on Earth and elsewhere in the Universe. There exist at least 20 areas and area networks with conservation measures for deep-sea hydrothermal vents, established by 12 countries and three Regional Fisheries Management Organisations, in six oceanic regions. Area-based management tools (ABMT) implemented by these countries illustrate multiple categories and means of protection and management of these rare and vulnerable habitats. Some ABMTs only regulate bottom and deep-trawling fisheries activities, others manage additional activities such as mining, scientific research, and bioprospecting, while still others protect active hydrothermal vents through broad conservation interventions. This atlas summarizes the “who”, “what”, “when”, “where” of protected hydrothermal vents worldwide and underscores recognition of the importance of hydrothermal-vent ecosystems by coastal States.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Charles M. Boliko, Dimiter S. Ialnazov〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This research is driven by the goal to develop human survivability studies, a solution oriented, trans-disciplinary academic approach for resolving multiple complex societal challenges. Given persisting poverty and inequality in rural areas of developing countries, as well as their vulnerability to the effects of climate change, there are high expectations that rural electrification using renewable energy can contribute to their sustainable development. We therefore use a sustainability framework to assess the contributions of four electrification projects in rural Kenya in ensuring the long-term well-being of local residents and future generations. Our results show that off-grid electrification projects run by the private sector were the better performers in the assessment. While more research is necessary to improve robustness, our preliminary policy recommendations are that Kenyan policy makers should provide further support to private sector-led off-grid solar electrification efforts.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Marko Tosic, Flávio Martins, Serguei Lonin, Alfredo Izquierdo, Juan Darío Restrepo〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The Caribbean Sea provides significant ecosystem services to the livelihood and well-being of countries in the region. Protection of the marine ecosystem requires policy on coastal water quality that considers ecologically-relevant thresholds and has a scientific foundation linking land-based discharges with seawater quality. This study demonstrates a practical method for setting local-scale coastal water quality targets by applying this approach to Cartagena Bay, Colombia, and setting targets for end-of-river suspended sediment loads to mitigate offshore coral reef turbidity. This approach considers reef thresholds for suspended sediments and applies a field-calibrated 3D hydrodynamic-water quality model (MOHID) to link the marine thresholds to fluvial loads. Monitoring data showed that suspended sediments were consistently above the coral reef ecosystem threshold of 10 mg/l, and the model adequately reproduced field observations. It was shown that ecosystem thresholds could be maintained within the extent of the bay by reducing suspended sediment loads in the Dique Canal from current load estimates of 6.4 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 t/d (rainy season) and 4.3 × 10〈sup〉3〈/sup〉 t/d (transitional season) to target loads of 500–700 t/d, representing reductions of ~80–90%. These substantial reductions reflect ongoing issues in the Magdalena watershed which has experienced severe erosional conditions and intense deforestation over the past four decades. The presented method is practical for countries without access to long-term datasets, and could be applied to other parameters or discharge types. The method is particularly beneficial for developing site-specific targets, which are needed considering the natural and anthropogenic variability between different coastal zones and water bodies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Adaoma Wosu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The importance of institutions in structuring access to resources is well documented. However, despite the depth of the research, few studies have examined this systematically at the level of an individual fishing activity or, more specifically, within a women's fishery. This paper explores how fisherwomen access octopuses in a small-scale fishery in Mozambique, within a context where an increasing number of conservation initiatives are targeting women's fisheries and could potentially affect fisherwomen's access. The study was conducted within the Quirimbas National Park (QNP) in Cado Delgado, the northern most province of Mozambique. Combining ethnographic fieldwork and an institutional access map as a conceptual framework, this paper provides insight into the multiple institutions that structure how octopus fishing is organised and performed by fisherwomen. The access map reveals the dominant role local normative institutions play in influencing fisherwomen's access to income from fishing for octopus. Purdah, the religious practice of securing a woman's honour, is identified as a key restraining institution that is enforced through unequal gender relations. The paper encourages an understanding of the institutional context of fishing practices in order to promote access in small-scale fisheries (SSFs) to ensure fishers continue to benefit from the fishery in the face of management. The paper concludes that a greater appreciation of power relations – encapsulated in this study by gender relations – is required to further develop institutional analyses in small-scale fisheries policies and management.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Felipe Livert, Xabier Gainza, Jose Acuña〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper analyses the incidence of political factors and social capital on the allocation of public investment in the Santiago Metropolitan Area, Chile. Considering panel data on a decentralized investment program distributed through local governments and a program that is geared directly to citizen organizations, the paper explores whether investment is equally subject to electoral concerns and rent seeking under different program designs. Our estimations show that decentralized investment favours aligned municipalities where competition is stronger, but long-lasting local leaders also seek their own benefits. By contrast, transfers directly channelled to beneficiaries are free from political clout and, additionally, there is no sign of capture by organized interests. Based on these results, the paper discusses the implications for metropolitan governance, highlighting the potential role of the local social capital and a two-tier governance scheme to retain the gains from decentralization, acquire economies of scale in metropolitan service provision and reduce the margin for pork barrelling.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephen Berry, Trivess Moore, Michael Ambrose〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Globally, building energy regulation has been an effective policy instrument for reducing energy use and carbon emissions. In Australia, the majority of regions address building performance through the National Construction Code. However, in 2004 the New South Wales government introduced a planning instrument called the ‘Building Sustainability Index’, known as BASIX. Until now there has been limited investigation of this sustainability index approach compared with addressing issues individually through building standards. This paper presents analysis of 94,648 building energy assessments in New South Wales and 190,286 from other Australian states to explore the impact of BASIX. The results show that the building code process delivers greater certainty and higher performance than through the sustainability index. The analysis shows that 58% of homes that pass BASIX would fail the National Construction Code for thermal comfort, and that the process of improving performance through the index is more cumbersome and slower than through individual building standards. Given the need to progressively increase house energy standards, governments should be seeking both certainty and higher performance outcomes. Failure to deliver community expected minimum performance risks locking in poor performance for long-life assets, and condemning a generation of households to unnecessarily higher energy bills.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Anatole Boute, Alexey Zhikharev〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉By contrast to the common objective of decarbonization of electricity production, the main driver of Russia's renewable energy policy is to achieve the economic benefits related to the manufacturing of green equipment. The focus on industrial development rather than the decarbonization of the power sector clearly appears from the decision of the Russian government to tie renewable energy subsidies to stringent local content requirements. In particular, solar energy benefits from a subsidy regime that is favourable to local manufacturers. Based on a detailed analysis of Russian renewable energy regulation, this paper studies the benefits for solar generation and explains this favourable treatment based on the vested interests of influential industrial groups in the solar PV manufacturing sector. These vested interests helped to overcome the resistance to renewable energy in an economy heavily dependent on oil and gas. More fundamentally, the influence of the local solar energy industry enabled the development of a support scheme that eventually stimulated the deployment of renewable energy technologies in general.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Juan L. Suárez-de Vivero, Juan C. Rodríguez Mateos, David Florido del Corral, María José Barragán, Helena Calado, Marian Kjellevold, Ewelina Janowska Miasik〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper revolves around the role that food-from-the-sea plays in European maritime security. It aims to illustrate the links between food, fisheries, and maritime security by considering these as coexisting attributes of security in general and of maritime (in)security, in particular. The article analyzes three dimensions of this issue: the links between food security, maritime security and maritime policy; the principles that inspire the Common Fisheries Policy and their implications for the food system; and the complexity involved in the trade relations between European markets (EU) and non European suppliers (the case of Cape Verde). The relevant conclusions that can be established are i) the EU's food security policy shows little sign of changing the course of its fisheries policy objectives; ii) The different dimensions of the relationship between fisheries and food security should not be neglected. In fact, from a local perspective, the concept of food sovereignty could be applied to some of the European Union's coastal territories. Therefore, European decision-makers should not ignore the fact that subsistence fisheries are still a strategy in some European coastal areas, where access to maritime resources is the key to their economies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 5 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ray Hilborn, Christopher M. Anderson, Gordon H. Kruse, Andre E. Punt, Michael Sissenwine, Chris Oliver, James N. Ianelli, Robert J. Trumble, David J. Agnew, Nicole Baker〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We have examined the estimates in Pramod et al. of IUU Alaskan Pollock imported into Japan. Based on extensive knowledge of this fishery we find that their estimates are not substantiated by any known facts from the fishery. Whereas in a retracted version of the paper the authors estimated that 15–22% of Alaskan Pollock imported into Japan were IUU and listed the sources as discards & high-grading; unreported by-catch in trawl fisheries and unreported catches in artisanal fisheries, the authors have now added blending of IUU Pollock overseas with Alaskan Pollock as the dominant source of IUU Alaskan Pollock entering Japan. Remarkably, the authors estimate the same 15–22%, and continue to assert that discarded and high-graded fish in Alaska somehow make their way to Japan. None of the citations provided in the Pramod et al. paper provide any estimates of IUU, so their numerical estimates must therefore come from two confidential informants. No documentation of how the estimates are made is provided and the paper completely fails to meet normal standards of scientific replicability. The deficiencies in the estimate of IUU in Alaskan Pollock must cast serious doubt on their approach for all fisheries.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 107〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Ganapathiraju Pramod, Tony J. Pitcher, Gopikrishna Mantha〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xianghong Lin, Li Zheng, Weiwen Li〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The use of technology is of critical importance to the development of fisheries. In this study, we use the extended Cobb-Douglas production function and the Solow residual method to measure differences in the contributions of science and technology (S&T) to the marine fisheries industry in the coastal regions of eleven Chinese provinces and cities. To do so, we examine panel data for these regions from 1988 to 2016. The results show that the contributions of S&T to the marine fisheries industry in these coastal regions from 2011 to 2015 were all greater than 55%, with regional differences but no significant spatial correlations. S&T have become the main driving forces of growth in the marine fisheries industry. We make three suggestions to improve the contributions of S&T to the marine fisheries industry and to promote its sustainable development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 107〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): 〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Tobias Pfutze〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉A large literature on Conditional Cash Transfers programs assesses the effects of becoming a beneficiary. However, the consequences of losing the benefit due to program graduation are largely unstudied. This paper replicates the eligibility score employed over 2010–15 by Mexico’s Oportunidades for a large household survey. Using a Regression Discontinuity Design around the threshold for program graduation, it shows that losing this additional incentive had a negative effect on high school attendance for lower secondary school aged students in urban, and upper secondary school aged ones in rural areas. The results suggest that the graduation thresholds are chosen too low.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Vítor António da Silva Gonçalves, Feliz José Mil-Homens dos Santos〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Starting from sustainable development, energy efficiency and energy management fundamentals, a detailed analysis of the energy management systems standard ISO 50001:2011 was carried out from the viewpoint of sustainable development. The purpose of the analysis was to assess the effectiveness of its implementation, to identify the existence of gaps and to develop improvements capable of fulfilling the identified gaps. The effectiveness and the results of ISO 50001:2011 implementation, combined with the construction of an ideal energy management system allowed the identification of four gaps. The contribution to sustainable development of these gaps was determined. A detailed framework analysis of the four identified gaps followed, reviewing the associated ISO 50001:2011 standard requirements and converting them into six potential improvements. These were then proposed to 146 experts in energy management systems via an on – line survey. Experts were divided into three groups, dependent upon their specific areas of expertise, in order to obtain legitimate opinion and validation. The results of this survey, with a global 64.4% positive concordance, showed clear evidence that the six selected improvement proposals, could contribute positively to the evolution of ISO 50001 towards energy management for sustainable development.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hillard G. Huntington, James J. Barrios, Vipin Arora〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper conducts a selective review of various estimates for energy demand responses focused specially upon lower-income industrializing economies rather than richer mature nations. It emphasizes recent trends from empirical studies that have been published after 2000. Emphasis is placed on the five major emerging or transitional economies in Brazil, China, India, Mexico and Russia, although other important nations like Chile and South Korea are also discussed when studies are available. The review focuses attention on the long-run responses to changes in prices and income after capital stock turnover has been completed. The terminology often refers to elasticities, or the percentage change in energy use divided by the percentage change in price (or income), holding constant all other factors that could influence energy-use decisions. Estimates cover petroleum products, natural gas and electricity, although the available studies often ignore coal. They also include the economy-wide impacts (real GDP) to price changes. Most studies have focused upon household and transportation use of liquid fuels; many fewer studies have investigated fuels used by industry or commerce or for electric generation. Based upon the available estimates, price and income elasticities for liquid fuels are generally less than one (unity) for many countries and sectors, except for the long-run income effect for transportation purposes, which can range widely by country between 0.24 and 1.75 while averaging 0.94 for all countries.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: September 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 132〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Bongsuk Sung〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study investigates how government policies affect firm-level innovation. To empirically test this relationship, we use panel data for the Korean renewable energy technology firms. Taking into account the results of various panel framework tests and sample size, we establish a panel vector autoregressive model in the first difference, and use a bias-corrected least squares dummy variable estimator to test complex dynamic relationships between public subsidies, firm heterogeneities (size, age, and slack), industry dynamic competition, and innovation. Based on the estimations, we find that there is a positive bidirectional causal relationship between firms’ innovation and each of the following: research and development (R&D) subsidy, available organizational slack, and industry dynamic competition. Non-R&D subsidy, firm size, and age do not have significant direct effects on firm-level innovation. However, non-R&D subsidy is involved in the relationship between R&D subsidy and firms’ innovation. We discuss some implications based on the findings of this study.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gani Aldashev, Elena Vallino〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Participatory conservation projects imply direct involvement of local communities in natural conservation efforts, aiming at combining economic development with protecting the environment. NGOs engaged in both development and conservation massively implement such projects. Numerous field studies document mixed results of such interventions and the persistence of conservation-development tradeoff: better conservation comes at the expense of lowering the livelihoods of community members because they have to abstain from using the conservation area for hunting or agriculture. Economists argue that transferring property rights to relevant stakeholders would provide the right incentives for escaping this tradeoff. We build a simple model explaining why this policy might be insufficient. If the revenue from the conservation project is low and/or volatile, the community members may rationally reject conservation unless the NGO allocates a part of resources to sustaining community livelihoods (e.g. by agricultural extension). Hence, the NGO should deviate from its narrow mission to reach its broader objective. If the NGO is funded by strictly environmentally-oriented donors it may struggle to justify diverting a part of resources to agricultural extension, as such donors obtain little “warm-glow” utility from giving to the NGO that substantially engages in non-core mission activities. Thus, the NGO faces a “size versus efficiency” dilemma: poorly conserving a larger area (with non-cooperating local communities but happier donors) or conserving well a smaller area (with cooperation by local communities but keeping donors unsatisfied).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Eric Wade, Ana K. Spalding, Kelly Biedenweg〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Small-scale fisheries are facing increasing pressures due to overexploitation of resources, resulting in decreased fish stocks, biodiversity loss, and degradation of marine ecosystems. The unregulated open access conditions of these systems are considered a main driver of this context, leading to increasing calls for fisheries reform over the past decade. Belize is no exception, recently introducing a rights-based fisheries territorial system (Managed Access Program – MAP) aimed at incentivizing fisher ownership and stewardship of regions to promote sustainability. The implementation of managed access brings with it an interaction of actors and issues at the local and regional scale that raises questions about the feasibility and potential success of the program. In this paper, using a combination of literature review and semi-structured interviews with 54 fishers and 25 policymakers across Belize's fisheries sector, we provide a policy analysis of the MAP and review initial responses. We found the new system to be primarily a re-packaging of traditional fishing areas with unenforced regulations. Responses from stakeholders were varied around the implementation of the MAP, with the majority of references being negative in tone. While the introduction of MAP in Belize seeks to provide solutions to Belize's fisheries sector, questions remain around the ability of the MAP to meet its objectives.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Asma Dhakouani, Essia Znouda, Chiheb Bouden〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Energy transitions in developing countries principally consist of the integration of renewable energies and energy efficiency in order to achieve a sustainability framework. Particularly, energy stakeholders are responsible for power planning to assure a country transition. Alongside, they are responsible for providing access to energy through system reliability. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate how a planned decrease of power system reliability, without impacting access to energy, could lead to a better integration of renewable energies. Therefore, we have linked an energy efficiency action, the peak clipping as scheduled outages, to the power system reliability factor. This factor has been integrated in the energy planning model, Open Source energy Modeling SYStem (OSeMOSYS) which is a cost-based long-term optimization model. Following, enhanced OSeMOSYS has been applied to the Tunisia power system using two scenarios reflecting renewable energy sources penetration. Simulation results showed a high rate of renewable energy sources penetration with a decrease of the power system reliability relying on energy efficiency actions.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): D. Timmons, A.Z. Dhunny, K. Elahee, B. Havumaki, M. Howells, A. Khoodaruth, A.K. Lema-Driscoll, M.R. Lollchund, Y.K. Ramgolam, S.D.D.V. Rughooputh, D. Surroop〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉 〈p〉Climate change is the world's most prominent environmental problem, and fossil-fuel combustion is its primary cause. To set carbon reduction goals, policy makers require information on feasibility and cost of renewable energy systems. In this study, we describe an economic approach to modeling a national electricity system based entirely on renewable sources, using the island-nation of Mauritius as a case study.〈/p〉 〈p〉Many renewable electricity studies consider levelized costs of electricity (LCOE), which represents average cost of electricity, but cost minimization requires equalizing marginal costs. With variable sources, marginal costs change over time. Minimizing cost thus requires a model incorporating variability at high time resolution (daily or hourly), with the objective of minimizing the levelized cost of electricity for an entire electricity system (LCOE〈sub〉S〈/sub〉).〈/p〉 〈p〉In Mauritius, the minimum-cost renewable electricity portfolio includes roughly equal proportions of solar, wind, and biomass electricity, along with electricity storage. Policy issues include setting renewable energy targets, selecting policy instruments to incentivize optimum renewable energy portfolios, incorporating energy efficiency, determining appropriate discount rates, ensuring land availability, and accounting for non-cost considerations. Many of the economic and policy issues identified apply universally, and methods demonstrated in this study could be used anywhere in the world.〈/p〉 〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 15 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Chao Zhang, Yongbo Quan, Haiyue Zhong〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Marine ecological environment plays a vital role in the development of human society. However, the current state of marine ecological environment protection is not satisfactory. Effective measures at the national, regional and international levels should be taken in order to deal with various marine environmental issues. In June 2019, the Marine Environment Law Committee of the China Association for Environment and Resources Law of the China Law Society and Zhejiang Ocean University organized a conference entitled ‘The Building of Marine Ecological Civilization and Sustainable Development’ to discuss related issues in this regard. This report provides a summary of the key issues discussed at the conference which may help to have a better understanding of marine ecological environment protection.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 14 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Faris Alshubiri, Mohamed Elheddad, Nadia Doytch〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study aims to identify the impact of fish output on the marine fish trade balance, as well as foreign investment opportunities in six Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries over the period of 1985–2016. We applied several panel estimation techniques, including fixed effects (FE), generalized method of moments (GMM), instrumental variable-fixed effect (IV-FE), and panel ARDL.FE model estimates show that marine fish production has a positive and significant effect on the marine trade balance, with a 1% increase in fish production leading to a more than 1%increase in the trade balance. Estimates of system GMM and IV-FE methods, which allow for the controlling of endogeneity, suggest an even larger effect. When we consider the relationship with foreign direct investment (FDI), FE, GMM and IV-FE show no significant effects. However, the ARDL model shows a statistically significant long-term relationship between fish production and both trade balance and inward foreign direct investment.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: December 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 124〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Miriam Romero, Meike Wollni, Katrin Rudolf, Rosyani Asnawi, Bambang Irawan〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This study evaluates the effects of two policy instruments on the adoption of native tree planting in oil palm plantations. The first instrument is an information campaign on tree planting in oil palm. The second instrument combines the information campaign with a structural intervention that provides native tree seedlings for free. We implemented a randomized controlled trial in oil-palm growing villages in Jambi, Indonesia. Our study addresses the underlying mechanisms of behavioral change, by investigating how the policy instruments shape farmers’ perceptions, intentions and actual adoption decisions. The results show that information campaigns and structural interventions can motivate tree planting among smallholder oil palm farmers in Indonesia. While both treatments have a positive and significant effect, the intervention combining information with seedling provision leads to significantly higher adoption rates, indicating that overcoming structural barriers is critical. While changes in perceptions and intentions fully mediate the effect of the information campaign on adoption, they can only partially explain the effect of the combined intervention. Facilitating easy access to high-quality inputs is critical to motivate wider adoption among large numbers of potential users.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: Available online 7 August 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Priya Shyamsundar, Sofia Ahlroth, Patricia Kristjanson, Stefanie Onder〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We develop a framework to conceptualize the multiple ways forests contribute to poverty reduction and inform development interventions in forest landscapes. We identify five key strategies for reducing poverty in forest landscapes: a) improvements in productivity (P) of forest land and labor; b) governance reform to strengthen community, household and women’s rights (R) over forests and land; c) investments (I) in institutions, infrastructure and public services that facilitate forest-based entrepreneurship; d) increased access to markets (M) for timber or non-timber forest products; and e) mechanisms that enhance and enable the flow of benefits from forest ecosystem services (E) to the poor. We test the utility of the framework through a review of the forestry portfolio of the World Bank Group, the largest public investor in forestry. Many of these projects include several, but not all, PRIME components. We devote particular attention to forest-related investments in two contrasting countries, Vietnam and Mexico, to examine synergies among the pathways. Results suggest that each strategy in the PRIME framework may play an important role in alleviating poverty, but pronounced impacts may require multiple pathways to be jointly pursued. The PRIME framework can guide research to address knowledge gaps on pathways to prosperity in forest landscapes, serve as an easily remembered checklist for managers, and nudge forest program designers in government and development organizations, who are interested in poverty reduction, to focus on the importance of both a comprehensive framework and synergies across different pathways.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Angela Pohlmann〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Dominant conceptual models describe energy innovations as struggles between regime and niche actors that develop at the margins of established energy systems, and work against dominant energy regimes. Contrary to this conceptualisation, this paper argues that energy innovations develop through a more nuanced set of relationships, which lead to distinct innovation outcomes. Based on three case studies in Germany and Scotland, this paper finds that energy innovations develop in accordance with, independent of, or in opposition to regime structures, showing that a project's relative position within these structures influences the type and quality of its development. Making use of situational analysis, the paper challenges essentialising tendencies among scholars working with the multi-level perspective. Instead of understanding regime and niche as separable entities, situational analysis allows understanding how agency and innovations of local renewable energy projects transcend the boundaries of levels or systems. Policy makers are advised to acknowledge these complex interrelations. Side effects of policies deliberately directed towards other sectors might have significant effects on the energy sector.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Mikko Savolahti, Niko Karvosenoja, Sampo Soimakallio, Kaarle Kupiainen, Jarkko Tissari, Ville-Veikko Paunu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Residential wood combustion (RWC) is a major source of climate-impacting emissions, like short-lived climate forcers (SLCF) and biogenic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, in Finland. In this paper, we present projections for those emissions from 2015 to 2040. We calculated the climate impact of the emissions using regional temperature potential metrics presented in literature. In our results, the climate impacts are given as global and Arctic temperature responses caused by the studied emissions in a 25 year time span. The results show that SLCF emissions from RWC cause a significant warming impact. Using our selected metrics, SLCF emissions from RWC added to the warming impact of Finland's projected greenhouse gas emissions by 28% in global temperature response and by 170% in Arctic response. When compared with other common heating methods in Finnish detached houses, using a typical Finnish stove (masonry heater) was the least climate-friendly option. Taking biogenic CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions into account further highlighted this finding. Finally, we assessed the change in climate impact when implementing various emission reduction measures for RWC. With a time span of 25 years, early action was found to be even more crucial than the eventual reductions in annual emissions in 2040.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Gareth Thomas, Christina Demski, Nick Pidgeon〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Energy storage technologies are receiving increasing attention in the UK and around the world as a means of increasing penetration of inflexible low-carbon electricity generation and optimising investment in energy infrastructure required to meet international decarbonisation goals. Research into the social acceptability of energy infrastructure has compellingly illustrated the importance of societal perceptions in the successful deployment of new infrastructure. However to date, no study has empirically examined public perceptions across the broad range of storage technologies available. We address this gap by presenting qualitative findings from four deliberative workshops held with members of the British public. We show that citizens underestimate the challenge of growing volumes of inflexible low-carbon electricity generation, and respond to storage technologies through reference to commonly perceived risks and benefits. When participants discussed how storage might be funded and managed, additional evaluative criteria emerged centred around equity, vulnerability, independence and convenience. Our findings suggest that perceptions of storage technologies tend to be ambivalent, and that acceptance is likely to be contingent on whether storage technologies can be designed, regulated and governed in ways which reduce technical concerns over safety, environmental impacts and reliability, while meeting societal desires for equity and the protection of vulnerable groups.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Xi Li, Biying Yu〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Due to economic development and urbanization, the number of car ownership continues to increase, making the urban passenger transport sector becoming an important contributor for energy consumption and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions in China (accounting for around 20% of the total carbon emissions of the transport sector in 2016). Hence, how the urban passenger transport sector can contribute to peaking China's carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 is worthy of attention. To that end, we develop a National Energy Technology-Transport (NET-Transport) model to assess the impacts of shifting to alternative clean fuels, improving vehicle fuel efficiency, and promoting public transportation on the future energy demand and CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions for China's urban passenger transport sector. The results show that in the context of promoting the use of clean fuel vehicles and increasing vehicle fuel efficiency, CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions of China's urban passenger transport sector could reach a peak of 225 MtCO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 in 2030. If the mode share of public transport could further increase, the CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 emissions from the urban passenger transport sector in China are possible to peak at around 2020 with the emissions ranging from 171 to 214 MtCO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Hyungmin Cho, Gibyung Park, Jewan Ryu, Heekyung Park〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉The importance of properly providing places of refuge for ships has emerged in recent years, however, it is still difficult to make a decision with sufficient evidence. While various decision models were investigated, those approaches are difficult to apply to more diverse situations than oil spills. This study established the decision-making process for places of refuge for cases of hazardous and noxious substances (HNS) incidents. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was conducted to determine the priorities of the decision criteria selected from existing studies. Then, A total of 3 higher-level criteria and 12 lower-level criteria were compared pairwise by expert groups. The results of the criteria prioritization show the importance of HNS-related criteria; prevailing wind, available chemical response vessels, and proximity to residential area. The established process was then applied to the incident scenario on the southeastern sea of Korea. A case study supports the applicability of the proposed decision-making process by identifying the available data sources corresponding to selected criteria.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Lewis S. Davis, Claudia R. Williamson〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉We argue that individualism promotes gender equality. Individualist values of autonomy and self-determination transcend gender identities and serve to legitimize women’s goals and choices. In contrast, collectivist values may subordinate women’s personal goals to their social obligations, generating greater acceptance of gender inequality. Using individual level data from World Values Surveys, we find that individualism is significantly associated with support for gender equal attitudes regarding employment, income, education, and political leadership. Individualism is also associated with greater levels of female employment and educational attainment, and lower levels of fertility. These results are robust to controlling for income, education, religion, historical plough use, gendered language, and country-time fixed effects. Our within country analysis allows us to isolate the impact of individualism from other confounding effects. Using historical rainfall variation as an instrument for individualism, we find that the exogenous portion of individualism reduces support for patriarchal attitudes and fertility, and it increases female employment and educational attainment. These effects are economically large. We address concerns over instrumental validity by controlling for a variety of factors, including historical plough use, religious affiliation, religiosity, social trust, average rainfall levels, distance from the equator, cool-water conditions, agricultural suitability, historical political and economic development, and the presence of large animals. This paper contributes to a mounting body of evidence suggesting a key role for highly persistent cultural norms and values in determining gender inequality, the gender division of labor, and economic and social outcomes for women.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Elsevier
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Douglas F. Bertram〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Settlement funds from catastrophes can generate lasting conservation benefits, if directed appropriately. Such is the case with the 〈em〉Nestucca〈/em〉 oil spill which occurred in Washington State in 1988. The spill killed thousands of marine birds and the subsequent litigation settlement awarded 3.3 million dollars for recovery and monitoring of Canadian seabirds, in addition to clean-up costs. Settlement damage funds were directed to eradicate introduced rats from Langara Island, to restore what was formerly the world's largest colony of Ancient Murrelets (〈em〉Synthliboramphus antiquus〈/em〉). In addition, settlement funds were devoted to establishing an ecosystem-level baseline of seabirds and their marine prey populations on Triangle Island, the largest and most diverse seabird colony in Western Canada. One of the projects tracked breeding Cassin's Auklet (〈em〉Ptychoramphus aleuticus〈/em〉) and determined that they foraged far away from the colony in search of deep-sea copepods. The results stimulated conservation planners to enlarge a marine protected area which had been proposed to protect marine birds in the region, but policy guidance was lacking. By 2018 policies had evolved, and Canada announced the formation of their first marine National Wildlife Area following a multi-year engagement process with many interested parties. At the same time, Shell Canada relinquished all of their exploratory drilling rights within the area. The settlement funds from a catastrophic oil spill facilitated the recovery of seabirds on Langara Island, the formation of the first marine protected area for wildlife in Canada, and a reduction of future threats from exploratory drilling in an internationally important ecosystem.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Konrad Gürtler, Rafael Postpischil, Rainer Quitzow〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Despite their increasing cost competitiveness, the continued expansion of renewable energy remains dependent on policy support. Moreover, the dismantling of renewable energy policies in a number of former pioneer countries indicates that continued policy support is not a foregone conclusion. Yet, in light of the accelerating expansion of renewable energy, the dismantling of renewable energy policies has captured comparatively less attention than the rapid spread of support schemes. This article seeks to fill this important knowledge gap by developing and testing a framework for the analysis of policy dismantling processes in the renewable energy sector. It applies the framework to conduct a comparative analysis of policy dismantling in Spain and the Czech Republic. Both countries represent European pioneers of renewable energy support who subsequently dismantled their policies. The paper finds that the inter-relationship between policy design and the broader configuration of the political economy in the energy sector are key for understanding dismantling processes. It offers a number of conclusions for the design of more robust renewable energy support policies.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉 〈h5〉Graphical abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉〈figure〉〈img src="https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0301421519304598-fx1.jpg" width="265" alt="Image 1" title="Image 1"〉〈/figure〉〈/p〉〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Energy Policy, Volume 133〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): S. Yilmaz, S. Weber, M.K. Patel〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉To date, research on demand side management has mostly focused on the determinants of electricity consumption and stated preference experiments to understand social acceptability. Further experimental research is needed to identify the determinants for demand response schemes. This paper contributes to addressing this gap by making use of data from a randomised control trial which contains 15 months of smart meter electricity data combined with household characteristics and differences in incentives to shift their electricity use between 11am and 3pm. Cluster analysis performed on electricity data identified three distinct electricity daily load profiles. Each cluster was then linked to household characteristics by means of a multinomial logistic regression to identify the determinants of the load curves' shapes. Findings show that occupancy presence at home, age and appliance ownership were strong predictors. Finally, this paper is among the first to provide experimental evidence on the determinants of load shifting. We find that households with head aged above 65, households who belong to the cluster exhibiting a load profile characterised by a relatively high peak at noon and a low peak in the evening, and those who received money incentives were more likely to shift electricity use towards middle of the day (11am-3pm).〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0301-4215
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-6777
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Political Science
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Stephanie Weir, Sandy Kerr〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This research reveals attitudes towards enclosure and privatisation of ocean space. The development of spatially distributed industries like marine renewables and aquaculture, the need for marine conservation, and the ongoing emphasis on spatial aspects of marine planning, have resulted in increasing encroachment into the marine environment. The study, situated in Scotland, investigates the attitudes of stakeholders who are affecting, or being affected by, these processes. The attitude analysis, done by Q methodology, highlights potentially conflicting priorities and processes. Five unique factors emerged. These are expressed as: free seas, the ‘greater good’, mitigating losses, local powers, and the status quo. The topography of views revealed demonstrates clear tensions between key players in Scotland's marine planning landscape, and calls into question the processes for effective collaborative working for sustainable and conflict-free development at sea. The paper concludes with an appeal for changes in rights to be accounted for in decision making processes, accompanied by better dissemination of information regarding rights at sea, governance and the future of the blue economy.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Rhonda D. Reidy〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Fishery and wildlife managers face important challenges in reconciling recovery of historically over-harvested or extirpated populations of marine mammals with effective fisheries management. For example, the reestablishment of sea otters in British Columbia (B.C.) has had repercussions that led to one of the more interesting resource management problems involving commercial fisheries in Canada. As a case study, this paper reviews the history of sea otter exploitation and reintroduction in B.C., and discusses the nature and context of the problem today. Fisheries and marine mammals in Canada continue to be managed under overlapping legislative mandates and often with quite different goals. The case study highlights persistent social and institutional constraints on reconciling marine mammal-fishery conflicts. To reduce tensions and uncertainty, Fisheries and Oceans Canada should prioritize intensive marine mammal sampling programs for non-endangered species to disentangle fishing and predation effects, and fully implement 〈em〉Species At Risk Act〈/em〉 and 〈em〉Fisheries Act〈/em〉 measures to reduce uncertainty among increasingly diverse stakeholders.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: October 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 Marine Policy, Volume 108〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Wim C. Mullié〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉Automatic Information System (AIS) derived information on sampled trawler fishing effort (hours fished) within Ghana's Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) was analysed for the period 2012–2018. Publicly available data were obtained from Global Fishing Watch (GFW) for the period 2012–2016 and for 2017 and 2018 (until 30 June) through a license granted to the author by GFW. Trawler intrusions in the Inshore Exclusion Zone (IEZ), which is reserved for small semi-industrial vessels, canoes and recreational fishing vessels, were extracted and hours fished per month and year calculated. Sampled trawler fishing effort within the IEZ as a percentage of total sampled trawling fishing effort within the EEZ decreased fourfold from 15.6% in 2012 to 3.8% in 2015. From 2015 to 2018 it remained stable at 4–5%. Concurrently a fourfold increase in sampled trawler fishing effort was apparent in patches of less than 30 m depth on the continental shelf. There is ambiguity, however, if these patches are covered by the Fisheries Act 625 (2002) of Ghana. Trawler intrusions were highest during the main (July–October) and minor (January–February) upwelling periods. Activities of the Fisheries Enforcement Unit unlikely reduced trawler intrusions into the IEZ, as this process was already ongoing for two years preceding its inauguration. However, the abrupt shift away from trawler fishing activity in the Central Region in 2014 might well have been caused by FEU activities. Coastal fishing communities complaining about trawler intrusions in the IEZ can profitably use AIS data to substantiate their claims and push the government for law enforcement and sanctions.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0308-597X
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-9460
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Political Science , Law
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Publication date: November 2019〈/p〉 〈p〉〈b〉Source:〈/b〉 World Development, Volume 123〈/p〉 〈p〉Author(s): Miriam Breckner, Uwe Sunde〈/p〉 〈div xml:lang="en"〉 〈h5〉Abstract〈/h5〉 〈div〉〈p〉This paper contributes to the debate whether climate change and global warming cause conflicts by providing novel evidence about the role of extreme temperature events for armed conflict based on high-frequency high-resolution data for the entire continent of Africa. The analysis of monthly data for 4826 grid cells of 0.75° latitude × longitude over the period 1997–2015 documents a positive effect of the occurrence of temperature extremes on conflict incidence. These effects are larger the more severe the extremes in terms of duration, and are larger in highly densely populated regions, in regions with lower agricultural productivity, and in regions with more pronounced land degradation. The results also point towards heterogeneity of the effect with respect to the type of violence and the crucial role of population dynamics. Considering the consequences of increases in the frequency of extreme events in a long-differences analysis delivers evidence for a positive effect on conflict.〈/p〉〈/div〉 〈/div〉
    Print ISSN: 0305-750X
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-5991
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Published by Elsevier
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...