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  • Other Sources  (50,125)
  • 2015-2019  (42,280)
  • 1955-1959  (4,666)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: While archaeological records indicate an intensive Mesolithic occupation of dune areas situated along river valleys, relatively little knowledge exists about environmental interactions in the form of land-use strategies and their possible local impacts. The combination of geoarchaeological, chronological, geochemical and palaeoecological research methods and their application both on a Mesoltihic site situated on top of a dune and the adjacent palaeochannel sediments allows for a detailed reconstruction of the local environmental development around the Soven site in the Jeetzel valley (Northern Germany) since ~10.5 ka cal BP. Based on the results, we identified four phases that may be related to local human impact twice during the Mesolithic, the Neolithic and the Iron Ages and are discussed on the backdrop of the regional settlement history. Although nearby Mesolithic occupation is evident on archaeological grounds, the identification of synchronous impacts on the vegetation in the local environmental records remains tentative even in respect of the broad methodical spectrum applied. Vice versa, human impact is strongly indicated by palaeoecological and geochemical proxies during the Neolithic period, but cannot be connected to archaeological records in the area so far. A younger phase of human impact – probably consisting of seasonal livestock farming in the wetlands – is ascribed to the Iron Age economy and comprises local soil erosion, raised concentrations of phosphates and urease, and the facilitation of grazing related taxa.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; aeolian sand ; pollen ; mesolithic ; iron age ; charcoal ; human impact ; OSL ; Neolithisation
    Language: English
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 2
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB) | SUB Göttingen | Kart. W 15710-33,21〈1900〉;KART H 140:Neuenburg
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Die Karte ist ein Digitalisat der Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), bereitgestellt durch den Fachinformationsdienst Kartographie und Geobasisdaten (FID Karten). Das Erläuterungsheft ist ein Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 036 20 - E 036 30 / N 053 42 - N 053 36.
    Description: map
    Description: Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Nowe ; Neuenburg ; Geologische Karte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 126
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  • 3
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    Institut für Geographie und Geologie der Ernst-Moritz-Arndt Universität Greifswald
    In:  Klimm, Felix
    Publication Date: 2021-03-25
    Description: This paper about the „Regional Developments in the Republic of Khakassia“provides general geographical information about the Republic of Khakassia,a rather unknown Siberian region, and investigates the latest developments in demography and economy within the republic. For these purposes, Russian secondary and tertiary sources were examined and official statistics were used to compare the developments within Khakassia. In 1997 Klüter predicted that the concentration of the population in the Abakan-Černogorsk Agglomeration will further increase and that the regional discrepancies within Khakassia will grow. The results of thisresearch confirm Klüters thesis. The current economy of Khakassia is even more dominated by industrial mono-structures than in the mid-nineties. Based on this research, a significant diversification of the economy of Khakassia within the near future is not to be expected.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; Republik Chakassien ; Regionalentwicklung ; Khakassia
    Language: German
    Type: monograph_digi , publishedVersion
    Format: 108
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  • 4
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4526;KART H 140:Gelliehausen
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 027 40 - E 027 50 / N 051 30 - N 051 24. Nordwerte des GeoTIFF wurden um -4,4'' Sekunden korrigiert.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Gelliehausen ; Gleichen ; GeoTIFF ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Südchile wurden Verbreitung und Aufbau der Sphagnum-Moore untersucht. Maßgeblich für die Bildung von Hochmooren ist ein Jahresniederschlag von mindestens 500 mm. Im Wesentlichen greift die Verbreitung der Sphagnum-Hochmoore nicht über das Areal der sommergrünen Laubwälder hinaus, nur auf Feuerland finden sich Sphagnum-Hochmoore auch im Randbereich der Steppe. Die Sphagnum-Hochmoore im Untersuchungsgebiet sind meist kleinflächig und unter 1 km2 groß. Der größte Teil der Sphagnum-Torfe besteht aus Weißtorf. Schwarztorf kommt meist nur geringmächtig vor. Die Sphagnum-Torfe werden meistens, vielleicht sogar regelmäßig, von Braunmoos- oder Radizellentorf unterlagert. Es werden Vorschläge für eine regionale Inventarisierung der Sphagnum-Moore Südchiles und deren anschließende botanische Bewertung erarbeitet, die als Grundlage für eine nachhaltige Nutzung der Hochmoore dienen.
    Description: DGMT, DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Sphagnum ; Moor ; Chile ; Torf ; peat ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 6
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4530;KART H 140:Hayn
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Hayn ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 14
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  • 7
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4623;KART H 140:Cassel
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage Nullmeridian Ferro: E 027 10 - E 027 20 /N 051 24 - N 051 18.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Kassel ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 37
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  • 8
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4531;KART H 140:Heringen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Heringen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 16
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  • 9
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4624;KART H 140:Ermschwerd
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Ermschwerd ; Hedemünden ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 22
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  • 10
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4628
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Nieder-Orschla ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 16
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  • 11
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB) | SUB Göttingen | Kart. W 15710-25,43〈1921〉;KART H 140:Lüneburg
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Die Karte ist ein Digitalisat der Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), bereitgestellt durch den Fachinformationsdienst Kartographie und Geobasisdaten (FID Karten). Das Erläuterungsheft ist ein Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 028 00 - E 028 10 / N 053 18 - N 053 12.
    Description: map
    Description: Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Lüneburg ; Geologische Karte ; GeoTIFF ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 66
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  • 12
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4329[1890];KART H 140:Zorge
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Zorge ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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  • 13
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4126;KART H 140:Gandersheim
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Gandersheim ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 34
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  • 14
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4029;KART H 140:Vienenburg
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Vienenburg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 123
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  • 15
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4330[1857];KART H 140:Benneckenstein
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Thüringen ; Geologie ; Geologische Karte ; Benneckenstein ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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  • 16
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4427;KART H 140:Duderstadt
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Duderstadt ; GeoTIFF ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 10
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  • 17
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4528;KART H 140:Worbis
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Worbis ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 19
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  • 18
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140 5203;KART H 140:Stolberg
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 023 50 - E 024 00 / N 050 48 - N 050 42.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Stolberg ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 92
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  • 19
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140 5204;KART H 140:Lendersdorf
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 024 00 - E 024 10 / N 050 48 - N 050 42.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Lendersdorf ; GeoTIFF ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 66
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  • 20
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140 5202;KART H 140:Aachen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 023 40 - E 023 50 /N 050 48 - N 050 42.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Aachen ; Geologische Karte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 80
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  • 21
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5103;KART H 140:Eschweiler
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Eschweiler ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 130
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  • 22
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB) | SUB Göttingen | Kart. W 15710-17,5〈1914〉;KART H 140:Rauschen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Die Karte ist ein Digitalisat der Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), bereitgestellt durch den Fachinformationsdienst Kartographie und Geobasisdaten (FID Karten). Das Erläuterungsheft ist ein Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro: E 037 40 - E 037 50 / N 055 00 - N 054 54.
    Description: map
    Description: Staatsbibliothek Berlin (SBB), DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Светлогорск ; GeoTIFF ; Rauschen ; Geologische Karte ; Swetlogorsk ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 164
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die meisten Moore in Nordwestdeutschland werden seit mehreren Jahrhunderten landwirtschaftlich genutzt. Die Kultivierungsverfahren der Moore entscheiden, welche Nutzungen möglich sind. Tiefumbruchböden lassen sich vielfältig, überwiegend als Acker nutzen. Auf den Schwarzkulturen dominiert heute die standortgerechte Grünlandnutzung, wobei die nicht standortgerechte, ackerbauliche Nutzung in jüngster Zeit zugenommen hat. Mit zunehmender Intensität der Flächenbewirtschaftung verschlechtern sich die Torfeigenschaften und durch Mineralisierung der Torfe treten Höhenverluste auf. Die Grenzen der Befahrbarkeit bzw. Trittfestigkeit werden häufig erreicht. In der Nährstoffdynamik unterscheiden sich Hoch- und Niedermoore. Bei der extensiven Grünlandnutzung, verbunden mit reduzierter Entwässerungsintensität, bereiten häufig Flatterbinse (Juncus effusus) und Rasenschmiele (Deschampsia caespitosa) Probleme. Neue Nutzungsverfahren der Paludikultur befinden sich noch in der Entwicklung und Erprobung. Eine dauerhafte Sicherung der Produktionsstandorte für landwirtschaftliche Nutzungen ist auf Tiefumbruchböden möglich.
    Description: report
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; land-use ; Landwirtschaft ; peatland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
    Format: 19
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  • 24
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4426;KART H 140:Waake
    Publication Date: 2021-07-20
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Waake ; Ebergötzen ; GeoTIFF ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 30
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  • 25
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:2608
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Loquard ; Emden West ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 1
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  • 26
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:2510;KART H 140:Aurich
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Aurich ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 58
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  • 27
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4958;KART H 140:Greiffenberg
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Greiffenberg a. Queis ; Gryfów Śląski ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 52
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  • 28
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4863;KART H 140:Wahlstatt
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Wahlstatt ; Legnickie Pole ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 32
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  • 29
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:6307;KART H 140:Hermeskeil
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen. Koordinaten Vorlage: Nullmeridian Ferro E 024 30 - E 024 40 / N 049 42 - N 049 36.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Hermeskeil ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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  • 30
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    Centre for Development Studies, Freie Universität Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; 910.02 ; Medien ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 89
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Verweilzeitberechnung ist eine sehr anschauliche Methode zur Bewertung der Geschütztheit einer Wasserfassung oder eines Grundwasserleiters. Sie berücksichtigt alle relevanten Einflussfaktoren und ist aus Sicht der Autoren anderen Verfahren zur Geschütztheitsbewertung vorzuziehen. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der die Geschütztheit der Wasserfassungen im Raum Pasewalk bewertet wurde und die auch landesweit anwendbar ist. Die methodischen Grundlagen von Verweilzeitberechnungen werden untersucht und spezifiziert und es erfolgt eine Diskussion der Interpolationsmöglichkeiten.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551 ; 554.3 ; Sickerwasser ; Verweilzeit ; Sickerstrecke ; Grundwasserflurabstand ; DIN 19732 ; Grundwasserneubildung ; Grundwasserüberdeckung ; Grundwassergeschütztheit ; Verweilzeitberechnung
    Language: German
    Type: article , Verlagsversion
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  • 32
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    Zentrum für Entwicklungsländerforschung (ZELF), Freie Universität Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; 910.02 ; Pakistan ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 41
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  • 33
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    Centre for Development Studies, Freie Universität Berlin
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Institut für Geographische Wissenschaften, Freie Universität Berlin
    Description: research
    Keywords: 910 ; 910.02 ; Kirgistan ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
    Format: 94
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: DNA-based divergence time estimates suggested major changes in the composition of epiphyte lineages of liverworts during the Cretaceous; however, evidence from the fossil record is scarce. We present the first Cretaceous fossil of the predominantly epiphytic leafy liverwort genus Radula in ca. 100 Myr old Burmese amber. The fossil's exquisite preservation allows first insights into the morphology of early crown group representatives of Radula occurring in gymnosperm-dominated forests. Ancestral character state reconstruction aligns the fossil with the crown group of Radula subg. Odontoradula; however, corresponding divergence time estimates using the software BEAST lead to unrealistically old age estimates. Alternatively, assignment of the fossil to the stem of subg. Odontoradula results in a stem age estimate of Radula of 227.8 Ma (95 % highest posterior density (HPD): 165.7–306.7) and a crown group estimate of 176.3 Ma (135.1–227.4), in agreement with analyses employing standard substitution rates (stem age 235.6 Ma (142.9–368.5), crown group age 183.8 Ma (109.9–289.1)). The fossil likely belongs to the stem lineage of Radula subg. Odontoradula. The fossil's modern morphology suggests that switches from gymnosperm to angiosperm phorophytes occurred without changes in plant body plans in epiphytic liverworts. The fossil provides evidence for striking morphological homoplasy in time. Even conservative node assignments of the fossil support older rather than younger age estimates of the Radula crown group, involving origins for most extant subgenera by the end of the Cretaceous and diversification of their crown groups in the Cenozoic.
    Keywords: 551
    Type: article
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  • 35
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    Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung | Stuttgart
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Chemical fingerprints of impacts are usually compromised by extreme conditions in the impact plume, and the contribution of projectile matter to impactites does not often exceed a fraction of per cent. Here we use chromium and oxygen isotopes to identify the impactor and impact-plume processes for Zhamanshin astrobleme, Kazakhstan. ε54Cr values up to 1.54 in irghizites, part of the fallback ejecta, represent the 54Cr-rich extremity of the Solar System range and suggest a CI-like chondrite impactor. Δ17O values as low as -0.22‰ in irghizites, however, are incompatible with a CI-like impactor. We suggest that the observed 17O depletion in irghizites relative to the terrestrial range is caused by partial isotope exchange with atmospheric oxygen (Δ17O = -0.47‰) following material ejection. In contrast, combined Δ17O-ε54Cr data for central European tektites (distal ejecta) fall into the terrestrial range and neither impactor fingerprint nor oxygen isotope exchange with the atmosphere are indicated.Identifying the original impactor from craters remains challenging. Here, the authors use chromium and oxygen isotopes to indicate that the Zhamanshin astrobleme impactor was a carbonaceous chrondrite by demonstrating that depleted 17O values are due to exchange with atmospheric oxygen.
    Keywords: carbonaceous chondrite; post-impact exchange; ejecta; Earth’s atmosphere ; 551
    Type: article
    Format: 8
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die World Trade Organization (WTO) und besonders die Doha- Verhandlungen über die Weltagrarmärkte stehen vielfach in der Kritik, gegenüber der dringlichen Aufgabe zu versagen, den Hunger in der Welt zu bekämpfen. Zum einen wird eine Ausweitung des Freihandels gefordert und mit der ökonomischen Theorie von Ricardo begründet. Zum anderen werden ein gerechter, fairer Welthandel und ein Recht auf Ernährungssouveränität gefordert. Beide Standpunkte werden hier kritisiert. Sie unterstellen ein Politikversagen, das nicht erklären kann, warum Staaten Freihandel und Protektionismus betreiben. Zur Begründung der Kritik wird auf allgemeiner Ebene der Zusammenhang zwischen der Dynamik von Akkumulation und räumlicher Expansion in kapitalistischen Ökonomien und dem Interesse moderner Staaten am Außenhandel erörtert. Es wird dargelegt, in welcher Weise die Institution WTO ein Mittel imperialistischer Politik ist. Als konkrete Beispiele hierfür werden die Doha-Runde und der gegenwärtige Streit um den Agrarhandel untersucht. Sie zeigen die konkreten Ziele und Verlaufsformen imperialistischer Politik sowie die Rolle der WTO und der Weltmarktentwicklung in der Konkurrenz der Staaten um den abstrakten Reichtum, in der das (Über-)Leben der Hungernden nur als unattraktive Geschäftssphäre vorkommt.
    Keywords: Freihandel; Hunger; WTO; Weltagrarmärkte ; 551
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: gas hydrate-bearing sediments; in situ synchrotron-tomography data ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A series of various readily water-soluble carbamates were synthesized with good yields. These compounds are useful chemical tracers for assessing the cooling progress in a georeservoir during geothermal power plant operation. Acylation of primary amines was carried out as well as using a solution of sodium bicarbonate and without the presence of salt. Products were characterized by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR. Purity was confirmed through elemental analysis.
    Description: Open Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: chloroformates; primary amines; carbamates; thermo-sensitive tracers; urethanes ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The combination of scanning electron microscope–cathodoluminescence (CL), fluid inclusion analysis and high-resolution electron probe microanalysis of Al, Ti, K and Fe in vein quartz has yielded results permitting a greater understanding of the complex mineralisation of the Central Oyu Tolgoi and Zesen Uul porphyry-style deposits, southern Mongolia. These data demonstrate the relationship between quartz precipitation, dissolution and ore deposition as the mineralising fluid chemistry changed through time. Four major quartz generations are identified in the A-type veins from the stockworks of both the Central Oyu Tolgoi (OTi to OTiv) and Zesen Uul deposits (ZUi to ZUiv). Despite differences in the associated alteration and mineralisation style, the observed CL textures and trace element signatures of the quartz generations are comparable between deposits. The OTi and ZUi stage formed both the primary network of A-type veins and pervasive silicification of the host rock. Using the Ti-in-quartz geothermometer, crystallisation temperatures for OTi and ZUi of between 598°C and 880°C are indicated. The main stage of sulphide mineralisation was accompanied by the dissolution of pre-existing quartz (OTi and ZUi) and precipitation of a weakly luminescent generation of quartz (OTii and ZUii) with a low Ti content, reflected in a calculated temperature drop from approximately 700°C to 340°C in Central Oyu Tolgoi and 445°C in Zesen Uul. OTii and ZUii stage quartzes show high and variable Al concentrations. The next stage of quartz in both deposits (OTiii and ZUiii) forms a fine network of veins in cracks formed in pre-existing quartz. OTiii and ZUiii quartz contain measurable fluid inclusions of moderate salinity (3–17.1 wt.% NaCl eq.), entrapped in the temperature range 256°C to 385°C. OTiii and ZUiii are not related to any sulphide mineralisation. The final OTiv and ZUiv stages are characterised by quartz–calcite micro-breccias that penetrate the A-type veins. Based on the calculated entrapment temperatures, the OTiv/ZUiv stage crystallised between 212°C and 335°C, and the quartz is characterised by elevated but variable Al and Fe contents. The CL and trace element signatures of the OTi to OTiii and ZUi to ZUiii stages of the two Mongolian porphyries show similar features to those observed in porphyry-style deposits from other regions. This suggests that a common sequence of quartz crystallisation occurs during the formation of early veins in many porphyry copper systems.
    Keywords: Copper porphyry; Quartz; Cathodoluminescence; Fluid inclusion; Trace elements; Mongolia ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 41
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4430[1853];KART H 140:Nordhausen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Nordhausen ; Geologie ; Geologische Karte ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 32
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Chemical reduction has long dominated the thinking about the mechanism of aqueous contaminant removal in the presence of metallic iron (e.g. Fe0/H2O systems). However, a large body of experimental evidence indicates that chemical reduction is not adequate to explain satisfactorily the efficiency of Fe0/H2O systems for several substances or classes of substances. By contrast, the alternative approach, that contaminants are fundamentally adsorbed and co-precipitated by iron corrosion products seems to provide a better explanation of observed efficiency. The new approach is obviously not really understood. The present communication aims at clarifying this key issue. It seems that a paradigm shift is necessary for the further development of the iron technology.
    Keywords: Contaminant removal; Paradigm shift; Removal mechanism; Water treatment; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Contaminant removal; Mechanisms; Reduction; Zerovalent metals ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Interdisciplinary approach; Peer-review system; Permeable reactive barrier; Water treatment; Zero-valent iron ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A detailed electrochemical, photophysical and theoretical study is presented for various new thienyl and furyl derivatives of pyrene. Their optical properties are described based on UV-VIS absorption and both steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. DFT and TDDFT calculations are also presented to support experimental data. The calculations results show that HOMO-LUMO orbitals are delocalized uniformly between aromatic core and aryl substituents. Good electrochemical stability of thienyl and furyl hybrids of pyrene confirm their potential application for light emitting electrochemical cells or spintronics mainly due to their beneficial optical and charge transport properties in electrochromic devices. In order to demonstrate this potential, an OLED device is presented. Synthesized compounds included in this OLED device both facilitate electron transport and act as a light emitting layer.
    Keywords: thienyl; furyl derivatives; pyrene ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: An external skeleton is an essential part of the body plan of many animals and is thought to be one of the key factors that enabled the great expansion in animal diversity and disparity during the Cambrian explosion. Molluscs are considered ideal to study the evolution of biomineralization because of their diversity of highly complex, robust and patterned shells. The molluscan shell forms externally at the interface of animal and environment, and involves controlled deposition of calcium carbonate within a framework of macromolecules that are secreted from the dorsal mantle epithelium. Despite its deep conservation within Mollusca, the mantle is capable of producing an incredible diversity of shell patterns, and macro- and micro-architectures. Here we review recent developments within the field of molluscan biomineralization, focusing on the genes expressed in the mantle that encode secreted proteins. The so-called mantle secretome appears to regulate shell deposition and patterning and in some cases becomes part of the shell matrix. Recent transcriptomic and proteomic studies have revealed marked differences in the mantle secretomes of even closely-related molluscs; these typically exceed expected differences based on characteristics of the external shell. All mantle secretomes surveyed to date include novel genes encoding lineage-restricted proteins and unique combinations of co-opted ancient genes. A surprisingly large proportion of both ancient and novel secreted proteins containing simple repetitive motifs or domains that are often modular in construction. These repetitive low complexity domains (RLCDs) appear to further promote the evolvability of the mantle secretome, resulting in domain shuffling, expansion and loss. RLCD families further evolve via slippage and other mechanisms associated with repetitive sequences. As analogous types of secreted proteins are expressed in biomineralizing tissues in other animals, insights into the evolution of the genes underlying molluscan shell formation may be applied more broadly to understanding the evolution of metazoan biomineralization.
    Keywords: Biomineralization; Mollusc; Mantle; Shell; Shell matrix proteins; Co-option; Lineage-specific novelties; Repetitive low complexity domain ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 47
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    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Our planet earth is a system - scarcely understood - of geological, biological und cosmic processes of great variety, which make it an interesting object of research. The papers listed here deal with topics of a series of lectures open to the public, presented at the Academy of Sciences and at the Georg August University of Göttingen, which were organised by the publishers of this book. It is the publishers' aim to bring before the public a few important and interesting geoscientific aspects. Needless to say, there is no claim to cover all aspects of this subject area. However, the publishers would like to initiate readers to concentrate more deeply on scientific topics. The selected material should help them to find their way through the diversity of this branch of research.
    Keywords: geology; earth science; history of earth ; OAPEN ; 551 ; 38.10 ; RB ; PSAJ ; R
    Language: German
    Type: anthology , publishedVersion
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This study aims to evaluate quantitatively the land surface temperature (LST) derived from MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) MOD11A1 and MYD11A1 Collection 5 products for daily land air surface temperature (Ta) estimation over a mountainous region in northern Vietnam. The main objective is to estimate maximum and minimum Ta (Ta-max and Ta-min) using both TERRA and AQUA MODIS LST products (daytime and nighttime) and auxiliary data, solving the discontinuity problem of ground measurements. There exist no studies about Vietnam that have integrated both TERRA and AQUA LST of daytime and nighttime for Ta estimation (using four MODIS LST datasets). In addition, to find out which variables are the most effective to describe the differences between LST and Ta, we have tested several popular methods, such as: the Pearson correlation coefficient, stepwise, Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted R-squared and the principal component analysis (PCA) of 14 variables (including: LST products (four variables), NDVI, elevation, latitude, longitude, day length in hours, Julian day and four variables of the view zenith angle), and then, we applied nine models for Ta-max estimation and nine models for Ta-min estimation. The results showed that the differences between MODIS LST and ground truth temperature derived from 15 climate stations are time and regional topography dependent. The best results for Ta-max and Ta-min estimation were achieved when we combined both LST daytime and nighttime of TERRA and AQUA and data from the topography analysis.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: land surface temperature (LST); MODIS LST products; northern Vietnam ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 49
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4825;KART H 140:Waldkappel
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Waldkappel ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 27
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  • 50
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4926;KART H 140:Netra
    Publication Date: 2021-07-22
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Netra ; Herleshausen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 36
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  • 51
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:4924;KART H 140:Seifershausen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Seifershausen ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 22
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  • 52
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    Armann & Pillmeier, Cassel
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5026[1871];KART H 140:Gerstungen
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Gerstungen ; Berka ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 20
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  • 53
    facet.materialart.
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5025;KART H 140:Hönebach
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Hönebach ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 24
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  • 54
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5125;KART H 140:Friedewald
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Friedewald ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 22
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  • 55
    facet.materialart.
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5126;KART H 140:Vacha
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Vacha ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 26
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  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:5226;KART H 140:Lengsfeld
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000 mit Erläuterungen. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; Geologische Karte ; Lengsfeld ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 34
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  • 57
    facet.materialart.
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    Kraatz, Berlin
    In:  SUB Göttingen | KART B 140:2408
    Publication Date: 2021-06-02
    Description: Geologische Karte 1: 25 000. Digitalisat des FID GEO (Fachinformationsdienst Geowissenschaften der festen Erde), erstellt durch das GDZ (Göttinger Digitalisierungszentrum), Karte aus dem Bestand der SUB Göttingen. GeoTIFF erstellt durch FID GEO, SUB Göttingen.
    Description: map
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: 912 ; 554.3 ; GeoTIFF ; Geologische Karte ; Westermarsch ; Greetsiel ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: map_digi
    Format: 1
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Groundwater from the La Paz arid coastal aquifer in Baja California, Mexico, is essentially the only source of drinking water for the local population and tourists, as well as irrigation water for agricultural needs. The intensive exploitation of the aquifer and water cycling has resulted in groundwater abatement (up to 10 m) and high salinity (up to *5800 mg l-1). A study using hydrochemistry, isotopic (deuterium, oxygen-18 and carbon- 14) and gaseous tracers (chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113), as well as multivariate statistics, was developed to elucidate groundwater composition, flow and occurrence. Groundwater is of meteoric origin, and a large proportion is subject to evaporation. The primary natural recharge is generated in the El Novillo and Las Cruces ranges, and groundwater subsequently flows in a SE–NW direction toward the coast. The initial water type is the result of discordant dissolution of silicate minerals and ion exchange on soils. In the lower plain portion, the aquifer system is recharged from irrigation return flow and seawater intrusion, which significantly affects groundwater chemistry. Nitrate and chloride concentrations indicate that groundwater is highly affected by an overuse of fertilizers in agricultural activities, but there is little effect from urban activities. Seawater intrusion has progressed rapidly during the past decade, and the impact currently extends 13 km inland. Radiocarbon residence time calculations suggest that groundwater is modern, with the exception of Chametla and El Centerario sites in the central and western lowlands with ages of up to *5000 years. These waters indicate an additional recharge source for the upconing of fossil groundwater or regional flow.
    Keywords: Coastal aquifers; Hydrogeochemistry; Arid regions; Isotope hydrology; Contamination ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Dada la importancia que revisten los suelos en los procesos que ocurren en la zona crítica (zona de interacción entre agua, suelo, aire, organismos), en este trabajo presentamos la distribución temporal y espacial de una secuencia de paleosuelos arcillosos con carbonatos secundarios (capas de caliches y carbonatos diseminados) en el sector nororiental de la Cuenca de México, particularmente en el valle de Teotihuacán. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en reconstruir la distribución temporal y espacial de la cubierta de suelos del pasado para entender su relación con la estructura actual de suelos y sedimentos en este sector semiárido de la cuenca de México. Con esta información, determinar la participación de estos materiales en la Zona Crítica (ZC). Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un transecto de dirección norte-sur, que inicia en las elevaciones del Cerro Gordo, cruza el valle de Teotihuacán y termina en la Sierra Patlachique, describiendo perfiles de suelo en diferentes posiciones geomorfológicas. El marco cronológico se ha establecido con base en fechamientos de radiocarbono realizados en las capas de caliches. De acuerdo a la cronología, al tipo y grado de pedogénesis, y a los procesos de sedimentación, se han reconocido cuatro unidades. La primera unidad, denominada Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase I (50000 – 20000 años AP), está compuesta de paleosuelos arcillosos, los cuales son Luvisoles crómicos y estágnicos, dependiendo de su posición en el paisaje. Estos paleosuelos muestran tanto carbonatos secundarios diseminados y en fracturas, como capas de caliches. En la segunda unidad, Paleosuelos del Pleistoceno, fase II (20000 –10000 años AP), dominan los sedimentos sobre los suelos; únicamente en el fondo del Valle, se han encontrado Gleysoles cortados por canales aluviales. La unidad, Paleosuelos del Holoceno, fase I (10000 a 1000 años AP) se caracteriza por presentar suelos poligenéticos (Vertisoles), fuertemente modificados por los procesos antrópicos, durante las diversas fases de ocupación pre-hispánica. La última unidad, Suelos del Holoceno, fase II, abarca el último milenio, en donde se destacan procesos de erosión e inestabilidad del paisaje. La tendencia principal en la distribución espacial de los paleosuelos es la siguiente: las unidades antiguas (Luvisoles, capas de caliches y Vertisoles) están sepultadas profundamente en el fondo del valle. Sin embargo, en los taludes y elevaciones montañosas, pueden aparecer cerca o directamente sobre la superficie, siendo incorporados en el manto de suelos actual. Las interrelaciones entre los diferentes paleosuelos a lo largo del transecto estudiado, junto con las observaciones micromorfológicas, apoyan la hipótesis de una relación evolutiva entre los Luvisoles pleistocénicos y los Vertisoles del Holoceno. Consideramos que estas diferentes unidades repercuten en los procesos hidrológicos en el valle y que las capas de caliche formadas en los ambientes pleistocénicos pueden afectar la geoquímica del agua subterránea así como sus firmas isotópicas.
    Description: As soils are important elements for the processes involved in the critical zone (the zone of interaction between water, soil, air, and organisms), in this work we present the temporal and spatial distribution of a clayey-paleosol sequence with secondary carbonates (layers of caliche and disseminated carbonates) in the northeast sector of the Mexico Basin, particularly in the Teotihuacan Valley. The goal of this paper is the temporal and spatial reconstruction of the past soil cover to understand its relationship with the present day soils and sediments in this semiarid sector of the Mexico Basin. With this information the involvement of these materials in the critical zone could be determined. To comply with these objectives, a north-south transect was carried out, starting in the Cerro Gordo, crossing the Teotihuacan valley and ending in the Sierra Patlachique, describing soil profiles located in different geomorphological positions. The chronological framework has been established with radiocarbon dates of the caliche layers. According to this chronology, the type and degree of pedogenesis, as well as the sedimentation processes, four units have been recognized. The first unit is named the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase I (50000 – 20000 years BP), and is composed of clayey paleosols, chromic and stagnic Luvisols, depending on their position in the landscape. These paleosols contain pedogenic carbonates, disseminated and in fractures, and caliche layers. In the second unit, the Pleistocene Paleosols, phase II (20000 –10000 years BP), sediments predominate over soils; only in the valley floor some Gleysols are found to be cut by alluvial channels. The unit, Paleosols of the Holocene Paleosols unit, phase I (10000 to 1000 years BP), is characterized by polygenetic soils (Vertisols) strongly modified by anthropic processes during distinct phases of pre-hispanic occupation. The last unit, the Holocene Soils, phase II, covers the last millennium when erosional processes and unstable landscape dominate. The paleosols (Luvisols, caliche layers, and Vertisols) are deeply buried at the bottom of the valley. However, on the slopes and hilltop positions, they can appear close to or directly on the surface, being incorporated in the present day soil mantle. Spatial interrelations of different paleosols along the studied transect together with micromorphological observations support the hypothesis of an evolutionary link between the Pleistocene Luvisols and the Holocene Vertisols. We propose that these different units are involved in the hydrological processes in the valley and that the caliche layers, formed in the Pleistocene environments, can affect the geochemistry of the groundwater as well as its isotopic signatures.
    Keywords: paleosuelos; Teotihuacán; caliches; Luvisoles; Vertisoles; cuenca de México; paleosols; Teotihuacan; caliches; Luvisols; Vertisols; Basin of Mexico ; 551
    Language: Spanish
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A new method to correlate intrinsic reactivity and treatability efficiency of metallic iron (Fe0) was evaluated. A 2.0 mg L-1 methylene blue (MB) solution was used in gravity fed column experiments. The intrinsic reactivity of nine Fe0 materials (ten samples) was characterized using the EDTA test. Three commercial Fe0 materials ZVI1 (0.40 - 0.80 mm), ZVI9 (0.50 mm) and ZVI10 (0.45 - 0.55 mm) were tested in column experiments. A layer containing 100 g of Fe0 was sandwiched between 19.0 to 20.0 cm upper coarse sand (1.6 - 2.0 mm) and 8.0 cm lower fine sand (0.25 - 0.30 mm). 500 mL of the MB solution was daily filtered through each column for one month. Effluent solutions were characterized for MB and Fe concentrations. The columns were also characterized by the evolution of the hydraulic conductivity (k values). Results showed (i) quantitative MB removal (〉 88 %) and (ii) limited Fe release for all three columns. After about 25 days, the Fe levels were constantly less than 1.0 mg L-1. The most significant difference was observed in the evolution of the k value and was attributed to the different material sorting. Less sorted ZVI1 exhibited the lowest initial k value (8.0 vs 43.0 mm min-1 for ZVI9 and ZVI10) and most significant permeability loss. Results confirmed the usefulness of the tested protocol as a reliable method to assess the efficiency of Fe0 materials in short term column experiments. Well-sorted Fe0 materials are recommended for long term efficient Fe0 filtration systems.
    Keywords: Intrinsic reactivity; Methylene blue; Reactive filtration; Treatability efficiency; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: German
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 247-257
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 350 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 186-209
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to better understand the role of fluids during subduction and subsequent exhumation, we have investigated whole-rock and mineral chemistry (major and trace elements) and Li, B as well as O, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes on selected continuous drill-core profiles through contrasting lithological boundaries from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) in Sulu, China. Four carefully selected sample sets have been chosen to investigate geochemical changes as a result of fluid mobilization during dehydration, peak metamorphism, and exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. Our data reveal that while O and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions remain more or less unchanged, significant Li and/or B isotope fractionations occur between different lithologies that are in close contact during various metamorphic stages. Samples that are supposed to represent prograde dehydration as indicated by veins formed at high pressures (HP) are characterized by element patterns of highly fluid-mobile elements in the veins that are complementary to those of the host eclogite. A second sample set represents a UHP metamorphic crustal eclogite that is separated from a garnet peridotite by a thin transitional interface. Garnet peridotite and eclogite are characterized by a 〉10% difference in MgO, which, together with the presence of abundant hydroxyl-bearing minerals and compositionally different clinopyroxene grains demonstrate that both rocks have been derived from different sources that have been tectonically juxtaposed during subduction, and that hydrous silicate-rich fluids have been added from the subducting slab to the mantle. Two additional sample sets, comprising retrograde amphibolite and relatively fresh eclogite, demonstrate that besides external fluids, internal fluids can be responsible for the formation of amphibolite. Li and B concentrations and isotopic compositions point to losses and isotopic fractionation during progressive dehydration. On the other hand, fluids with isotopically heavier Li and B are added during retrogression. On a small scale, mantle-derived rocks may be significantly metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab. Our study indicates that during high-grade metamorphism, Li and B may show different patterns of enrichment and of isotopic fractionation.
    Keywords: Fluid/rock interaction; Elemental transfer; Isotopic fractionation; Subduction and exhumation; Sulu ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Mineralogy; Mineral Resources; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Itajaí Basin located in the southern border of the Luís Alves Microplate is considered as a peripheral foreland basin related to the Dom Feliciano Belt. It presents an excellent record of the Ediacaran period, and its upper parts display the best Brazilian example of Precambrian turbiditic deposits. The basal succession of Itajaí Group is represented by sandstones and conglomerates (Baú Formation) deposited in alluvial and deltaic-fan systems. The marine upper sequences correspond to the Ribeirão Carvalho (channelized and non-channelized proximal silty-argillaceous rhythmic turbidites), Ribeirão Neisse (arkosic sandstones and siltites), and Ribeirão do Bode (distal silty turbidites) formations. The Apiúna Formation felsic volcanic rocks crosscut the sedimentary succession. The Cambrian Subida leucosyenogranite represents the last felsic magmatic activity to affect the Itajaí Basin. The Brusque Group and the Florianópolis Batholith are proposed as source areas for the sediments of the upper sequence. For the lower continental units the source areas are the Santa Catarina, São Miguel and Camboriú complexes. The lack of any oceanic crust in the Itajaí Basin suggests that the marine units were deposited in a restricted, internal sea. The sedimentation started around 600 Ma and ended before 560 Ma as indicated by the emplacement of rhyolitic domes. The Itajaí Basin is temporally and tectonically correlated with the Camaquã Basin in Rio Grande do Sul and the Arroyo del Soldado/Piriápolis Basin in Uruguay. It also has several tectono-sedimentary characteristics in common with the African-equivalent Nama Basin.
    Keywords: Dom Feliciano Belt; Ediacaran; Foreland basin; U–Pb SHRIMP ages; Provenance ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In the crystal structure of the title compound [systematic name: 5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptatriene-5-carboxamide–1,4- dioxane (2/1)], 2C16H13NO C4H8O2, the cytenamide molecules form a hydrogen-bonded R2 2(8) dimer. The solvent molecule is located between two adjacent cytenamide dimers and forms N—H O hydrogen bonds with one cytenamide molecule from each dimer.
    Keywords: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 160 K; mean (C–C) = 0.004 A° ; R factor = 0.069; wR factor = 0.122; data-to-parameter ratio = 13.5. ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Decontamination; Reduction; Remediation; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 67
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    Unknown
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: letter; apology letter ; 551 ; Chlorine ; Iron ; Lindane ; Palladium ; Water Pollutants, Chemical ; Water Purification
    Language: English , English
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Environmental remediation; Material reactivity; Nanoscale iron; Roll-front; Zerovalent iron ; 551 ; Environment; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Climate Change; Environment, general; Soil Science & Conservation; Hydrogeology; Waste Water Technology / Water Pollution Control / Water Management / Aquatic Pollution
    Language: English
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Basaltic dyke swarms in the southern continental part of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Bangangte, Dschang, Manjo areas) are tholeiitic in composition with 46 to 50 wt.% SiO 2 and have moderate Mg-numbers (53–59), medium TiO 2 contents (1.48–2,05 wt.%), and flat to mildly enriched incompatible trace element patterns. Comparison with trace element patterns of representative Cenozoic basaltic rocks of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (Bana anorogenic complex, Mt. Bambouto, Adamawa Plateau basalts) indicates that these dykes are less enriched in light REE and show different incompatible trace element ratios (La/Yb: 5.7 to 8.6; Zr/Nb: 7.6 to 12.0; Ba/Th: 87.7 to 93.3). The trace element patterns of the dykes and their Sr- and Nd- isotope compositions, however, are similar to those of the pre-Cenozoic volcanic rocks of the Benue Trough in Nigeria. Our data therefore suggest that these dykes represent the magmatic history related to the break-up of Africa and South America and are unrelated to the Tertiary volcanism of the Cameroon Line.
    Keywords: Basalt dykes; Tholeiites; Phanerozoic; Cameroon volcanic line; West Gondwana ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The arborescent lycophyte group known as the sigillarians bore pedunculate fructifications, including Sigillariostrobus Schimper, which has a known propensity to disaggregate, making comparisons of cones and in situ spores often difficult if not impossible. Sigillariostrobus is monosporangiate, containing either megaspores or microspores. Two new species of Sigillariostrobus with megaspores are described from the British Coal Measures. Two cones of Sigillariostrobus saltwellensis sp. nov. are described from Langsettian–Duckmantian strata of Great Britain, containing in situ Laevigatisporites glabratus (Zerndt) Potonié and Kremp spores, making this the first British Sigillariostrobus species described containing such spores. Sigillariostrobus barkeri sp. nov. is given here to the previously described cone with in situ Tuberculatisporites brevispiculus (Schopf) Potonié and Kremp spores. This is the first Sigillariostrobus cone with this megaspore species in situ, and thus shows that T. brevispiculus and T. mamillarius (Bartlett) Potonié and Kremp are not conspecific as others have previously suggested.
    Description: Open-Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: Sigillariostrobus Schimper; megasporangiate; British Coal Measures ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: he fossil record of lichens is scarce and many putative fossil lichens do not show an actual physiological relationship between mycobionts and photobionts or a typical habit, and are therefore disputed. Amber has preserved a huge variety of organisms in microscopic fidelity, and so the study of amber fossils is promising for elucidating the fossil history of lichens. However, so far it has not been tested as to how amber inclusions of lichens are preserved regarding their internal characters, ultrastructure, and chemofossils. Here, we apply light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Raman spectroscopy to an amber-preserved Eocene lichen in order to gain information about the preservation of the fossil. The lichen thallus displays lifelike tissue preservation including the upper and lower cortex, medulla, photobiont layer, apothecia, and soredia. SEM analysis revealed globular photobiont cells in contact with the fungal hyphae, as well as impressions of possible former crystals of lichen compounds. EDX analysis permitted the differentiation between halite and pyrite crystals inside the lichen which were likely formed during the later diagenesis of the amber piece. Raman spectroscopy revealed the preservation of organic compounds and a difference between the composition of the cortex and the medulla of the fossil.
    Description: Open Access Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: Lichen; amber; morphology; ultrastructure; chemofossils; taphonomic alteration ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Fungi have been recognized as a frequent colonizer of subseafloor basalt but a substantial understanding of their abundance, diversity and ecological role in this environment is still lacking. Here we report fossilized cryptoendolithic fungal communities represented by mainly Zygomycetes and minor Ascomycetes in vesicles of dredged volcanic rocks (basanites) from the Vesteris Seamount in the Greenland Basin. Zygomycetes had not been reported from subseafloor basalt previously. Different stages in zygospore formation are documented in the studied samples, representing a reproduction cycle. Spore structures of both Zygomycetes and Ascomycetes are mineralized by romanechite-like Mn oxide phases, indicating an involvement in Mn(II) oxidation to form Mn(III,VI) oxides. Zygospores still exhibit a core of carbonaceous matter due to their resistance to degradation. The fungi are closely associated with fossiliferous marine sediments that have been introduced into the vesicles. At the contact to sediment infillings, fungi produced haustoria that penetrated and scavenged on the remains of fragmented marine organisms. It is most likely that such marine debris is the main carbon source for fungi in shallow volcanic rocks, which favored the establishment of vital colonies.
    Keywords: Fungal structure; Fungi; Vesicles; Sediment; Fossils; Zygomycetes; Seamounts; Marine geology ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Despite two decades of intensive research on using metallic iron (Fe0) for environmental remediation and water treatment, basic concerns about their efficiency still prevail. This communication presents the basic idea of the view that challenges the prevailing paradigm on the operating mode of Fe0/H2O systems. The alternative paradigm is in tune with the mainstream science on aqueous iron corrosion. Its large scale adoption will enable a scientifically based system design and increase the acceptance of this already proven efficient technology.
    Keywords: Adsorption; Co-precipitation; Filtration; Water treatment; Zero-valent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2016
    Keywords: Fossils; Leaves; Paleobiology; Mosses, Plant fossils; Eocene epoch, Bryology; Nonvascular plants ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: methane hydrate; NGH; gas transport; self-preservation; LNG; CNG; pipeline; methane hydrate carrier; risk analysis ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The temperature dependence of H-Uiso in N-acetyl-l-4-hydroxyproline monohydrate is investigated. Imposing a constant temperature-independent multiplier of 1.2 or 1.5 for the riding hydrogen model is found to be inaccurate, and severely underestimates H-Uiso below 100 K. Neutron diffraction data at temperatures of 9, 150, 200 and 250 K provide benchmark results for this study. X-ray diffraction data to high resolution, collected at temperatures of 9, 30, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 and 250 K (synchrotron and home source), reproduce neutron results only when evaluated by aspherical-atom refinement models, since these take into account bonding and lone-pair electron density; both invariom and Hirshfeld-atom refinement models enable a more precise determination of the magnitude of H-atom displacements than independent-atom model refinements. Experimental efforts are complemented by computing displacement parameters following the TLS+ONIOM approach. A satisfactory agreement between all approaches is found.
    Keywords: riding hydrogen model; QM/MM computations; neutron diffraction; invariom refinement; Hirshfeld-atom refinement; synchrotron radiation ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: soil respiration ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Die Lore-Lindu-Region in der indonesischen Provinz Zentralsulawesi befindet sich gegenwärtig im Spannungsfeld zwischen dem Schutz des Regenwaldes einerseits und den Interessen für ein zukunftsfähiges Auskommen seitens der dort lebenden Bevölkerung andererseits. Als eine der entscheidenden Grundlagen für eine nachhaltige Lösung dieser Problematik enthüllt dieser Band den facettenreichen Kulturlandschaftswandel in dieser Region. Für den Zeitraum von der präkolonialen Phase über die Kolonialzeit bis in die Gegenwart zeigt der Autor dabei Kontinuitäten und Brüche sowie die enorme räumliche und zeitliche Heterogenität der regionalen Entwicklung auf.
    Description: Located within the Indonesian province of Central Sulawesi, the Lore Lindu region currently represents an area of conflict between the conservation of the rainforest on the one hand and the future-oriented livelihood interests of the local people on the other hand. As one of the indispensable preconditions for a sustainable solution of this problem this volume discloses the facet-rich change of the cultural landscape in this region. Covering a time frame from the pre-colonial phase via the colonial period into the present, the author demonstrates continuities and disruptions as well as the enormous spatial and temporal heterogeneity of the regional development.
    Keywords: Asien; Zentralcelebes; Regenwald; Kulturlandschaftswandel ; 551 ; 74.21 ; RG ; RGBL
    Language: German
    Type: monograph , publishedVersion
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: This letter presents an improved discussion of the data provided in a recent article on EDTA removal from aqueous solutions using elemental iron (Fe(0)) by O. Gyliene and his co-workers. It is shown that the authors have furnished a brilliant validation of the concept that dissolved contaminants are primary removed in Fe(0)/H(2)O systems by adsorption onto iron corrosion products and co-precipitation with iron corrosion products. It is reiterated that "contaminant removal" and "contaminant reduction" should not be interchanged randomly.
    Keywords: Adsorption; Co-precipitation; EDTA; Iron corrosion; Zerovalent iron; ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The intrinsic reactivity of four metallic iron materials (Fe0) was investigated in batch and column experiments. The Fe0 reactivity was characterized by the extent of aqueous fixation of in-situ leached arsenic (As). Air-homogenized batch experiments were conducted for 1 month with 10.0 g/ℓ of an As-bearing rock (ore material) and 0.0 or 5.0 g/ℓ of Fe0. Column experiments were performed for 2 and 3 months. Each dynamic experiment was made up of 2 glass columns in series. The first column contained 2.5 or 5.0 g of the ore material and the second column 0.0 or 5.0 g of a Fe0 material. Results showed no significant reactivity difference in batch studies for all 4 materials, ZVI2 was by far the most reactive material in column experiments. This observation was attributed to the relative kinetics of production of aqueous As and Fe species under the experimental conditions and their impact on the formation of a protective film on Fe0. Accordingly, no protective film could be built at the surface of the least reactive materials. The results corroborated the urgent need for unified experimental procedures to characterize Fe0 materials.
    Keywords: Column study; Intrinsic reactivity; Ore mineral; Water treatment; Zerovalent iron ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: During the last few years, the analysis of microbial diversity in various habitats greatly increased our knowledge on the kingdom Archaea. At the same time, we became aware of the multiple ways in which Archaea may interact with each other and with organisms of other kingdoms. The large group of euryarchaeal methanogens and their methane oxidizing relatives, in particular, take part in essential steps of the global methane cycle. Both of these processes, which are in reverse to each other, are partially conducted in a symbiotic interaction with different partners, either ciliates and xylophagous animals or sulfate reducing bacteria. Other symbiotic interactions are mostly of unknown ecological significance but depend on highly specific mechanisms. This paper will give an overview on interactions between Archaea and other organisms and will point out the ecological relevance of these symbiotic processes, as long as these have been already recognized.
    Keywords: Archaea; Symbioses; ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Most studies dealing with material properties of sandstones are based on a small data set. The present study utilizes petrographical and petrophysical data from 22 selected sandstones and ~300 sandstones from the literature to estimate/predict the material and weathering behaviour of characteristic sandstones. Composition and fabric properties were determined from detailed thin section analyses. Statistical methods applied consist of data distributions with whisker plots and linear regression with confidence regions for the petrophysical and weathering properties. To identify similarities between individual sandstones and to define groups of specific sandstone types, principal component and cluster analyses were applied. The results confirm an interaction between the composition, depositional environment, stratigraphic association and diagenesis, which leads to a particular material behaviour of sandstones. Three different types of pore radii distributions are observed, whereby each is derived from different pore space modifications during diagenesis and is associated with specific sandstone types: (1) bimodal with a maximum in capillary and micropores, (2) unimodal unequal with a maximum in smaller capillary pores and (3) unimodal equable with a maximum in larger capillary pores. Each distribution shows specific dependencies to water absorption, salt loading and hygric dilatation. The strength–porosity relationship shows dependence on the content of unstable lithic fragments, grain contact and type of pore radii distribution, cementation and degree of alteration. Sandstones showing a maximum of capillary pores and micropores (bimodal) exhibit a distinct hygric dilatation and low salt resistance. These sandstones are highly immature sublitharenites–litharenites, characterized by altered unstable rock fragments, which show pointed-elongated grain contacts, and some pseudomatrix. Quartz arenites and sublitharenites–litharenites which are strongly compacted and cemented, show unimodal unequal pore radii distributions, low porosity, high strength and a high salt resistance. The presence of swellable clay minerals in sublitharenites–litharenites leads to a medium to high hygric dilatation, whereas quartz arenites show little hygric dilatation. Sandstones with unimodal equal pore radii distribution mostly belong to weakly compacted and cemented mature quartz arenites. These are characterized by high water absorption and high porosity, low to medium strength and a low salt resistance. The data compiled in this study are used to create a sandstone quality catalogue. Since material properties are dependent on many different parameters of influence, the transition between different lithotypes is fluent.
    Keywords: Sandstones; Pore space; Prediction; Weathering behavior; Compressive strength ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Attenuation of micro-contaminants is a very complex field in environmental science and evidence suggests that biodegradation rates of micro-contaminants in the aqueous environment depend on the water matrix. The focus of the study presented here is the systematic comparison of biotransformation rates of caffeine, carbamazepine, metoprolol, paracetamol and valsartan in river water microcosms spiked with different proportions of treated effluent (0%, 0.1%, 1%, and 10%). Biotransformation was identified as the dominating attenuation process by the evolution of biotransformation products such as atenolol acid and valsartan acid. Significantly decreasing biotransformation rates of metoprolol were observed at treated effluent proportions ≥0.1% whereas significantly increasing biotransformation rates of caffeine and valsartan were observed in the presence of 10% treated effluent. Potential reasons for the observations are discussed and the addition of adapted microorganisms via the treated effluent was suggested as the most probable reason. The impact of additional phosphorus on the biodegradation rates was tested and the experiments revealed that phosphorus-limitation was not responsible.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014
    Keywords: biodegradation; pharmaceuticals; caffeine; river water; treated effluent; valsartan acid ; 551
    Language: English , English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A high-resolution multiproxy geochemical approach was applied to the sediments of Laguna Potrok Aike in an attempt to reconstruct moist and dry periods during the past 16 000 years in southeastern Patagonia. The age–depth model is inferred from AMS 14C dates and tephrochronology, and suggests moist conditions during the Lateglacial and early Holocene (16 000–8700 cal. BP) interrupted by drier conditions before the beginning of the Holocene (13 200–11 400 cal. BP). Data also imply that this period was a major warm phase in southeastern Patagonia and was approximately contemporaneous with the Younger Dryas chronozone in the Northern Hemisphere (12 700–11 500 cal. BP). After 8650 cal. BP a major drought may have caused the lowest lake level of the record. Since 7300 cal. BP, the lake level rose and was variable until the ‘Little Ice Age’, which was the dominant humid period after 8650 cal. BP.
    Keywords: Holocene ; Younger Dryas ; Lateglacial ; `Little Ice Age' ; lacustrine sediments ; geochemistry ; tephrochronology ; multiproxy approach ; Patagonia ; Argentina. ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The spatio-temporal variability of trends in vegetation greenness in dryland areas is a well-documented phenomenon in remote sensing studies at global to regional scales. The underlying causes differ, however, and are often not well understood. Here, we analyzed the trends in vegetation greenness for a semi-arid area in northeastern Brazil (NEB) and examined the relationships between those dynamics and climate anomalies, namely the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) for the period 1982 to 2010, based on annual Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from the latest version of the Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) NDVI dataset (NDVI3g) dataset. Against the ample assumption of ecological and socio-economic research, the results of our inter-annual trend analysis of NDVI and precipitation indicate large areas of significant greening in the observation period. The spatial extent and strength of greening is a function of the prevalent land-cover type or biome in the study area. The regression analysis of ENSO indicators and NDVI anomalies reveals a close relation of ENSO warm events and periods of reduced vegetation greenness, with a temporal lag of 12 months. The spatial patterns of this relation vary in space and time. Thus, not every ENSO warm event is reflected in negative NDVI anomalies. Xeric shrublands (Caatinga) are more sensitive to ENSO teleconnections than other biomes in the study area.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014
    Keywords: NDVI3g; GIMMS; AVHRR; El Nino; inter-annual trends; teleconnections ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Aus dem Unter-/Mittelalb von Nordspanien wird ein Profil mit bis zu 8 m mächtigen Lithocodium/ Bacinella Boundstones vorgesteUt. Die mikrofaziell-sedimentologische Analyse des Profils crgibt für die Lithocodium/ Bacinella Bänke eine bathymetrische Position vom tieferen Subtidal bis flachsten Subtidal/lntertidal. Die maximale Tiefenposition ist an die photische Zone gebunden, die wiederum durch das Ausmaß toniger Suspensionen beeinflußt wird. Die bathymetrische Obergrenze ist mechanisch kontrolliert (z.B. WeUenenergie, Tidenströme). Lithocodium/Bacinella ist zusammen mit anderen Algen/Mikroben ein charakteristischer Bestandteil thrombolithischer Mud Mounds (z.B. Gandara Mound). Die funktionelle Rolle von Lithocodium/Bacinella bei der Mud Mound Genese umfaßt Baffling und Binding, AutomikritProduktion durch Kalzifizierung innerhalb organischer Schleimhüllen und eine Mikritproduktion über intensive Bohraktivitäten an eingelagerten karbonatischen Hartteilen. Das massenhafte Auftreten von Lithocodillm/ Bacinella und diversen Algen/Mikroben kann mit einer längerfristigen Eutrophierung des Lebensraumes oder mit Schwankungen der Karbonat-Alkalinät des Meerwassers erklärt werden.
    Description: A section including Lithocodium/ Bacinella boundstones with a thickness of up to 8 m is reported from the Lower /Middle Albian of northern Spain. According to microfacies and sedimentological analyses the bathymetric position of the Lithocodium/ Bacinella banks ranges from deeper subtidal to shaUowest subtidal/intertidal conditions. The maximum depth is related to the photic zone, which ,itself is controled by the amount of muddy suspension. The upper bathymetric limit is mechanically defin'ed and corresponds to increased depositional energy (i.e. waves and tidal currents). Together with other algae and microbes Lithocodium/ Bacinella is a major constituent of thrombolitic mud mounds (Gandara mound). In the context of mud mound genesis the functional role of Lithocodium/ Bacinella includes baffling and binding, the production of micrite via the calcification inside of mucilagenous sheaths, and via intensive boring activities upon and inside of skeletal hardparts. The mass occurrence of Lithocodium/ Bacinella with associated algae and microbes may be explained by a longer ranging eutrophism of the environment or by shifts in seawater carbonate alkalinity.
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The relation of two well-known ancient carbonate deposits to hydrocarbon seepage was confirmed by this study. Archaea are found to be associated with the formation of Oxfordian seep carbonates from Beauvoisin and with a Miocene limestone from Marmorito ("tube-worm limestone"). Carbonates formed due to a mediation by archaea exhibit extremely positive or extremely negative 813Ccarbonate values, respectively. Highly positive values (+ 15%0) reflect the use of 13C-enriched CO2 produced by methanogenesis. Low 813C values of the Marmorito carbonates (-30%0) indicate the oxidation of seepagederived hydrocarbons. Likewise, the 813C content of specific tail-to-tail linked isoprenoids, biomarkers for archaea, was found to be strikingly depleted in these sampies (as low as -115%0). The isotopic signatures corroborate that archaea were involved in the cycling of seepage-derived organic carbon at the ancient localities. Another Miocene limestone ("Marmorito li mestone") shows a strong imprint of methanotrophic bacteria as indicated by 813C va lues of carbonate as low J. Peckmann (IEI) . J. Reitner Institut und Museum für Geologie und Paläontologie, Georg-August-Universität. Goldschmidtstrasse 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany e-mail: jpeckma@gwdg.de. Fax: + 49-551-397918 V. Thiel, W. Michaelis Institut für Biogeochemie und Meereschemie, Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany P. Clari, L. Martire Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, via Accademia delle Scienze 5, 1-10123 Torino, Italy C. Gaillard UFR des Sciences de la Terre, UMR 5565 Centre de Paleontologie stratigraphique et Paleoecologie, Universite Claude Bemard, Lyon 1, 27-43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France as -40%0 and biomarker evidence. Epifluorescence microscopy and field-emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that bacterial biofilms were involved in carbonate aggregation. In addition to lucinid bivalves previously reported from both localities, we infer that sponges from Beauvoisin and tube worms from Marmorito depended on chemosynthesis as weil. Low 813C values of nodules related to sponge taphonomy (-27%0) indicate that sponges might have been Iinked to an enhanced hydrocarbon oxidation. Tube worm fossils from Marmorito closely resemble chemosynthetic pogonophoran tube worms from Recent cold seeps and are embedded in isotopically light carbonate (813C -300/00).
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: English
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The duration and position of the Rhaetian Stage are di scussed. With the recognition of Rhabdoceras suessi - up to now the index species of the Upper Norian (Sevatian) - in one of the Alpine type sections of the Rhaetian, this Stage becomes more and more restricted and its separation doubtfu!. Four possibilities for defining the Alpine uppermost Triassic are treated. The authors propose either to redefine the Alpi'ne Rhaetian as the uppermost Substage of thc Norian Stage, thereby replacing the Sevatian (proposal 4), or to include the previous Sevatian into an enlarged Rhaetian Stage (proposal 3). This proposal is favoured by the International Subcommission of Triassic Stratigraphy. Ir is supported by the recent discovery of Choristoceras marshi - index species of the restricted Rhaetian - in the lower part of the Koessen Beds of the Lahnewiesgraben, equivalent to the previous Zone of Rhabdoceras suessi. Ir is moreover supported by the discovery of the immediate ancestor of this species in the upper part of the Middle Norian (Alaunian) of Timor. This makes the suessi Zone synonymous with the marshi Zone, the lower part of wh ich may be treated now as the Subzone of Rhabdoceras suessi. Since no particular ammonite species can be used for defining the upper part, this can be defined only by the exclusive occurrence of Choristoceras marshi without Rhabdoceras messi. As reference section of the redefined Rhaetian Stage the Weißloferbach section near Koessen, Tirol (Austria) is proposed, since it is weil exposed and fossiliferous, bearing cephalopods, bivalves, brachiopods, ostracods, conodonts and other groups. The authors propose moreover to redefine and re-name the "Rhaetian" of the Germanic facies Realm, which can by no means bc correlated with the Alpine Realm. The names "Upper Keuper" or "Rhaetkeuper" may be more adequate. There is, however, some palynological evidence for a correlation of the Germanie Preplanorbis Beds with the Alpine "Schichtenfolge unter Anm. planorbis" in SUESS & MOJSISOVICS (1868), where Choristaceras marshi has disappeared. The occurrence of the first psiloceratid (Neophyllites antecedens) in these beds indicates that they represent the base of the Jur~sic System. Provisionally these Preplanorbis Beds remain included into the Zone of Psiloceras planorbis.
    Description: Umfang und Stellung des Rhaet werden erörtert. Nach dem Fund von Rhabdoceras suessi - bislang Zonen-Art des Oberen Nor (Sevat) - in einem der alpinen Typprofile des Rhaet, ist der Umfang der Stufe erheblich geschrumpft und ihre Definition problematisch geworden. Von den Verf. werden vier Möglichkeiten, die höchste Trias zu definieren, zur Diskussion gestellt. Es wird empfohlen, entweder das alpine Rhaet als oberste Unterstufe des Nor neu zu definieren und das Sevat einzubeziehen (Vorschlag 4) oder aber das Rhaet - gleichfalls unter Einbeziehung des Sevat - als selbständige Obertrias-Stufe fortbestehen zu lassen (Vorschlag 3). Dieser Vorschlag wurde von der Internationalen Subkommission für Trias-Stratigraphie eindeutig favorisiert. Er wird durch den lange erwarteten Fund von Choristaceras marshi im tieferen Teil der Koessener Schichten des Lahnewiesgraben unterstützt, der stratigraphisch der bisherigen suessi-Zone entspricht. Nach der Entdeckung von direkten marshi-Vorläufern im oberen Mittelnor (Alaun, columbianus-Zone) von Timor sind diese Neufunde nicht mehr überraschend. Damit würde das neudefinierte Rhaet zwar wiederum nur die Zone des Choristoceras marshi enthalten, definiert durch das Erstauftreten dieser Art; es wäre aber eine Untergliederung in eine Subzone des Rhabdoceras suessi und eine obere Subzone des Choristoceras marshi s. str. (ohne Rh.suessi) möglich. Dieser Vorschlag ist der praktikabelste und schließt sich am engsten an die bisherigen Gepflogenheiten an. In dieser Form würde das Rhaet nun auch eine durchaus kartierfähige Einheit darstellen. Als Referenzprofil für das erweiterte Rhaet wird das Profil am Weißloferbach bei Koessen, Tirol (Osterreich) empfohlen, das nicht nur gute Aufschlußverhältnisse, sondern auch eine diverse Faunenvergesellschaftung enthält (Cephalopoden, Bivalven, Brachiopoden, Ostracoden, Conodonten u. a.). Es wird außerdem empfohlen, das germanische Rhaet neu zu definieren und zu benennen, da eine direkte Korrelation mit dem alpinen Rhaet nicht möglich ist. Die Begriffe "Oberkeuper" oder "Rhaetkeuper" werden zur Diskussion gestellt. Die Palynologie bietet erste Korrelationsmöglichkeiten, insbesondere für die hangenden Praeplanorbis- Schichten der germanischen Fazies, die mit der alpinen "Schichtenfolge unter Amm. planorbis" (SUESS & MOJSISOVICS 1868) parallelisiert werden können. Hier tritt Choristoceras marshi nicht mehr, Psiloceras plallorbis noch nicht auf. Mit dem ersten Einsetzen echter Psiloceraten (Neophyllites antecedcns) dürfen diese Schichten als Basis des Lias angesehen werden. Vorläufig bleiben sie jedoch in die Zone des Psiloceras planorbis des Unteren Hettangs eingeschlossen. Trotz des deutlichen Ausdünnens der Ammonitenführung in der obersten Trias - im Zusammenhang mit dem triadisch/ liassischen Faunenschnitt - soll die primäre "orthochronologische" Gliederung dieses Zeitraums auch weiterhin auf der Grundlage der Ammoniten-Fauna erfolgen. Sie wird allerdings wesentlich durch die bereits verfeinerte Conodonten-Gliederung ergänzt; die biostratigraphischen Möglichkeiten des Nannnoplanktons werden augenblicklich überprüft. Ein wesentliches Hilfsmittel für die Parallelisierung von germanischer und alpiner Fazies stellt sdlon jetzt die Palynologie dar, obwohl hier erst wenige vergleichende Untersuchungen vorliegen. Die Konferenz der lUGS "Subcommission on Trias Stratigraphy", welche vom 3.- 4. Juli 1978 in München stattfand, und an die sich ein 3-tägiger Field Workshop anschloß, sollte einen Beitrag leisten zur Korrelation zwischen der Trias im Tethysbereich und der Germanischen Trias-Fazies. G. RrcHTER-BERNBURG, der derzeitge Chairman der S. T. S., hatte als besonders wichtiges Teilproblem die Stellung und Abgrenzung des Rh a e t benannt. Nach gemeinsamer Absprache wird nun hiermit eine Stellungnahme kompetenter Kollegen zu dieser Frage, gemeinsam mit einem An- hand aus palynologischer Sicht, vorgelegt. In einem "Nachwort" werden vom Chairman einige zusätzliche Bemerkungen sowie eine von der S. T. S. gefaßte Resolution zum Begriff Rhaet angefügt. Während die Mehrzahl der Autoren dieses Beitrags dem Abstimmungsergebnis beipflichtet, ist für einen der Autoren (LK) nach wie vor nur Vorschlag 4 (Tab. 2) annehmbar.
    Keywords: Paläontologie: Allgemeines ; 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20 ; 38.2
    Language: German
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Widefield deconvolution epifluorescence microscopy (WDEM) combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed to identify and characterize single bacterial cells within sections of the mediterranean sponge Chondrosia reniformis. Sponges were embedded in paraffin wax or plastic prior to the preparation of thin sections, in situ hybridization and microscopy. Serial digital images generated by widefield epifluorescence microscopy were visualized using an exhaustive photon reassignment deconvolution algorithm and three-dimensional rendering software. Computer processing of series of images taken at different focal planes with the deconvolution technique provided deblurred three-dimensional images with high optical resolution on a submicron scale. Results from the deconvolution enhanced widefield microscopy were compared with conventional epifluorescent microscopical images. By the application of the deconvolution algorithm on digital image data obtained with widefield epifluorescence microscopy after FISH, the occurrence and spatial arrangement of Desulfovibrionaceae closely associated with micropores of Chondrosia reniformis could be visualized.
    Keywords: Widefield deconvolution epifluorescence microscopy; FISH; 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes; Sponge associated bacteria; Chondrosia reniformis ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: A series of various readily water soluble esters were synthesized by a very efficient procedure. These compounds can be useful as thermosensitive tracers for studying the cooling progress in a low enthalpy georeservoir exploitable by double flash geothermal power plant systems. The kinetics of their hydrolysis was investigated. Acylation of primary alcohols or phenols was carried out by a method based on a single-phase solvent system consisting of ethyl acetate acting as an organic solvent and triethylamine acting as a catalyst. Products were characterized by 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2015
    Keywords: sulfonic acid esters; primary alcohols; phenols; acylation; reaction kinetics ; 551
    Language: English , English
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Lower Saxony, with a total land area of about 46 500 km2, constitutes one of the most important agricultural areas in Germany and thus within Europe. Roughly one third of its agricultural area is used for maize cultivation and as of today only few information exist on how a future changing climate will affect its local growing conditions. Thus the newly developed carbon-based crop model BioSTAR and a high-resolution regional climate data-set (Wettreg) were used to evaluate the change in biomass yields of an early, medium and late maize variety. The climate input data is based on the SRES A1B scenario, with a potential fertilization effect or better still, an increased water use efficiency due to rising CO2 levels, taken into account. The biomass yield for all varieties was calculated for each year from 2001 until 2099 on a total of 91 014 sites. The results suggest clearly differentiated development paths of all varieties. All three show a significant positive trend until the end of the century. However the medium variety shows a statistical significant decline of 5% during the first 30 years and only a slight recovery towards +5% around the century's end. The late variety has the clearest and strongest positive trend, with partially more than 30% increase of biomass yields around the end of the century or +25% mean increase in the last three decades. The early variety can be seen as in-between, with no negative but also not an as strong positive development path. All varieties have their strongest increase in yields after the mid of the 21st century. Statistical evaluation of these results suggests that the shift from a summer rain to a winter rain climate in Germany will be the main limiting factor for all varieties. In addition summer temperatures will become less optimal for all maize crops. Only if the plants can supply themselves sufficiently with water outside of the increasingly dry summer months, when also temperatures are much more favorable, an increase in biomass yields is feasible. As the data suggests the increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations will play a critical role in reducing the crops water uptake, thus enabling yield increases in the first place.
    Description: Open-Access-Publikationsfonds 2014
    Keywords: Lower Saxony; Maize varieties; climate; Biomass yield development ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: As has been demonstrated in recent years, the heterogeneities of coeval magmas can be more successfully revealed by zoned megacrysts rather than by analysis of the whole rocks hosting them. Here, the geochemical heterogeneities of feldspar megacrysts from the Karkonosze granite, Poland, are investigated by LA-ICP-MS. The crystals are the product of migration and growth in regions of poorly mixed magmas. 3D-modeling of the Ba, Sr, and Rb distributions emphasizes the importance of micro-domain growth morphologies. Two models of element behavior—a relative concentration model and a composition gradient model—provide a potentially effective tool for tracking the mixing process on a microscale. Measured concentrations of elements of different mobilities do not agree with what might be expected from the mixing of two end-member magmas. If mixing was the only process occurring, linear correlations between the concentrations of any two elements should be observed; this, however, is not the case. For combinations of any two of the three elements, modeling reveals differing non-linear correlations between concentrations. The megacryst heterogeneities provide an insight into how mixing magmas are chaotically advected to growing crystals and the degree of inter-magma element exchange between the magmas.
    Keywords: Mixing; Element mobility; Diffusion; Alkali feldspar; 3D-depiction; Cut-off value models; Gradient models; Probabilistic models; Geochemical heterogeneity; Karkonosze granite ; 551
    Language: English
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The lattice-preferred orientation (LPOs) of two late-Variscan granitoids, the Meissen monzonite and the Podlesí dyke granite, were determined from high-resolution time-of-flight neutron diffraction patterns gained at the diffractometer SKAT in Dubna, Russia. The results demonstrate that the method is suitable for the LPO analysis of polyphase, relatively coarse-grained (0.1–6 mm) rocks. The Meissen monzonite has a prominent shape-preferred orientation (SPO) of the non-equidimensional minerals feldspar, mica and amphibole, whereas SPO of the Podlesí granite is unapparent at the hand-specimen scale. The neutron diffraction data revealed distinct LPOs in both granitoids. The LPO of the non-equidimensional minerals feldspar, mica and amphibole developed mainly during magmatic flow. In the case of the Meissen monzonite, the magmatic flow was superimposed by regional shear tectonics, which, however, had no significant effect on the LPOs. In both samples, quartz shows a weak but distinct LPO, which is atypical for plastic deformation and different in the syn-kinematic Meissen monzonite and the post-kinematic Podlesí granite. We suggest that, first of all, the quartz LPO of the Meissen monzonite is the result of oriented growth in an anisotropic stress field. The quartz LPO of the Podlesí granite, which more or less resembles a deformational LPO in the flattening field of the local strain field, developed during magmatic flow, whereby the rhombohedral faces of the quartz crystals adhered to the (010) faces of aligned albite and to the (001) faces of zinnwaldite. Due to shape anisotropy of their attachments, the quartz crystals were passively aligned by magmatic flow. Thus, magmatic flow and oriented crystal growth are the major LPO-forming processes in both granitoids. For the Meissen monzonite, the solid-state flow was too weak to cause significant crystallographic re-orientation of the minerals aligned by magmatic flow. Finally, the significance of our results for the evaluation of the regional tectonic environment during magma emplacement is discussed. The discussion on the regional implications of the more methodologically oriented results provides the basis for future, more regionally aimed studies in view of the fabric characteristics of such plutons and their developing mechanisms.
    Keywords: Neutron diffraction; Lattice-preferred orientation; Shape-preferred orientation; Magmatic flow; Podlesí granite; Meissen Massif ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology; Geophysics/Geodesy
    Language: English
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: loess; loess-like deposits; Pleistocene; Weichselian; spatial analysis; NW Germany ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The Eastern Sierras Pampeanas were structured by three main events: the Ediacaran to early Cambrian (580–510 Ma) Pampean, the late Cambrian–Ordovician (500–440 Ma) Famatinian and the Devonian-Carboniferous (400–350 Ma) Achalian orogenies. Geochronological and Sm–Nd isotopic evidence combined with petrological and structural features allow to speculate for a major rift event (Ediacaran) dividing into two Mesoproterozoic major crustal blocks (source of the Grenvillian age peaks in the metaclastic rocks).This event would be coeval with the development of arc magmatism along the eastern margin of the eastern block. Closure of this eastern margin led to a Cambrian active margin (Sierra Norte arc) along the western margin of the eastern block in which magmatism reworked the same crustal block. Consumption of a ridge segment (input of OIB signature mafic magmas) which controlled granulite-facies metamorphism led to a final collision (Pampean orogeny) with the western Mesoprotrozoic block. Sm–Nd results for the metamorphic basement suggest that the TDM age interval of 1.8–1.7 Ga, which is associated with the less radiogenic values of εNd(540) (−6 to −8), can be considered as the mean average crustal composition for the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. Increasing metamorphic grade in rocks with similar detrital sources and metamorphic ages like in the Sierras de Córdoba is associated with a younger TDM age and a more positive εNd(540) value. Pampean pre-540 Ma granitoids form two clusters, one with TDM ages between 2.0 and 1.75 Ga and another between 1.6 and 1.5 Ga. Pampean post-540 Ma granitoids exhibit more homogenous TDM ages ranging from 2.0 to 1.75 Ga. Ordovician re-activation of active margin along the western part of the block that collided in the Cambrian led to arc magmatism (Famatinian orogeny) and related ensialic back-arc basin in which high-grade metamorphism is related to mid-crustal felsic plutonism and mafic magmatism with significant contamination of continental crust. TDM values for the Ordovician Famatinian granitoids define a main interval of 1.8–1.6, except for the Ordovician TTG suites of the Sierras de Córdoba, which show younger TDM ages ranging from 1.3 to 1.0 Ga. In Devonian times (Achalian orogeny), a new subduction regime installed west of the Eastern Sierras Pampeanas. Devonian magmatism in the Sierras exhibit process of mixing/assimilation of depleted mantle signature melts and continental crust. Achalian magmatism exhibits more radiogenic εNd(540) values that range between 0.5 and −4 and TDM ages younger than 1.3 Ga. In pre-Devonian times, crustal reworking is dominant, whereas processes during Devonian times involved different geochemical and isotopic signatures that reflect a major input of juvenile magmatism.
    Keywords: Magmatism-metamorphism; Sm–Nd systematics; Tectonic evolution; Neoproterozoic-early Paleozoic orogenies; Eastern Sierras Pampeanas ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geophysics/Geodesy; Geology
    Language: English
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The expansion processes that develop in building stones upon changes of moisture content may be an important contributing factor for their deteriorations. Until recently, few data could be found in the literature concerning this parameter and weathering processes. Moreover, the processes that may be responsible for the moisture related expansion of natural building stones are not yet completely understood. To further elucidate this process, extensive mineralogical, petrophysical and fabric investigations were performed on eight German sandstones in order to obtain more information regarding the weathering process and its dependence on the rock fabric. The analysed sandstones show a wide range of pore size distributions and porosities. A positive correlation with the fabric and the pore space can be found for all studied petrophysical parameters. The intensity of the expansion and related swelling pressure cannot be attributed only to the swelling of clay minerals. The investigations suggest that the micropores and the resulting disjoining pressure during wet/dry cycles also play an important role. The results obtained suggest that the mechanism is related to the presence of liquid water within the porous material.
    Keywords: Sandstone weathering; Moisture expansion; Hygric and hydric wetting; Swelling clay minerals ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Springer-Verlag | Berlin/Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: The profitable production of dimension stone mainly depends on the extractable block size. The regularity and volume of the blocks are of critical importance, and are controlled by the three-dimensional pattern of the discontinuity system. Therefore, optimization of block size has to be the aim when quarrying for natural stone. This is mainly connected to the quantification of joints and fractures, i.e., their spacing and orientation. The problem of finding unfractured blocks within arbitrarily oriented and distributed planes can be solved effectively by a numerical algorithm. The main effects of joint orientations on block sizes and shapes will be presented in this article. Quantification of unfractured blocks with the aim of optimization is illustrated by detailed studies on several quarries. The algorithm used in this study can be applied as a powerful tool in the planning of a quarry and the future exploitation of dimension stone. Application of the described approach is demonstrated on practical examples of quarrying natural stones, namely, sandstone, granite, rhyolite, etc. Block quarrying can be optimized by using the new 3D-BlockExpert approach. The quantification of unfractured rock masses is also shown to contribute to a more ecological protection and the sustainable use of natural resources.
    Keywords: Production of dimension stones; Joints and fractures; Block sizes; Optimization ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Damages to natural building stones induced by the action of frost are considered to be of great importance. Commonly, the frost resistance of building stones is checked by standardised freeze–thaw tests before using. Corresponding tests normally involve 30–50 freeze–thaw action cycles. In order to verify the significance of such measurements, we performed long-term tests on four selected rocks over 1,400 freeze–thaw action cycles. Additionally, numerous petrophysical parameters were analysed to compare the behaviour of rocks in the weathering tests according to the current explanatory models of stress formation by growing ice crystals in the pore space. The long-term tests yield more information about the real frost sensibility of the rocks. A clear deterioration cannot be determined in most cases until 50 weathering cycles have been completed. In the freeze–thaw tests, the samples are also stressed by changing temperature and moisture, indicating that different decay mechanisms can interfere with each other. Thus, thermohygric and moisture expansion are important damage processes.
    Keywords: Freeze–thaw action; Natural building stones; Microfabric; Pore space properties ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Owing to its long building history, different types of building stones comprised the construction of the Cologne Cathedral. Severe damage is observed on the different stones, e.g., sandstones, carbonate, and volcanic rocks, especially when the different stone materials neighbor the medieval “Drachenfels trachyte” from the “Siebengebirge”. The question arises, “Is the insufficient compatibility of the implemented building materials causatively related to the strong decay of the Drachenfels trachyte?” The present investigations focus on the petrography and mineralogical composition of eight different stones from the Cologne Cathedral. Petrophysical data, i.e., phase content, moisture and thermal characteristics as well as strength properties are determined and discussed in correlation to each other, showing that not only in terms of lithology great differences exist, but also the petrophysical properties strongly diverge. The ascertained parameters are discussed in view of the deterioration behavior and decay mechanisms of the different stones. To evaluate the compatibility of original, replacement and modern building materials, the properties of the investigated stones are compared to those of Drachenfels trachyte by means of constraints given in the literature. Besides optical properties, petrophysical criteria are also defined as well as strength values. It could be shown that primarily moisture properties, i.e., capillary and sorptive water uptake, water saturation, drying processes and moisture dilatation can be addressed to the deterioration processes.
    Keywords: Stone decay; Cologne Cathedral; Compatibility of building materials; Requirements for replacement stones ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Groundwater; Bangladesh ; 551
    Language: English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
    Format: 4
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