ALBERT

Description: Dicranella riparia (H. Lindb.) Mårt. & Nyh. is reported for the first time from Greenland, where it was found on a fluvioglacial delta in the Angmagssalik District in plant communities belonging to the association Calamagrosto-Ditrichetum (all. Calamagrostion neglectae). This is the sixth locality known, and the first outside Fennoscandia.

Description: This study deals with the taxa of the section Rubus of the genus Rubus L., so far as they are found in the Guelders district within the flora of the Netherlands. It concerns fifty species and some subspecies and varieties, mainly of the subsections Fruticosi Wimm. et Grab. and Discolores P. J. Müller. The similarity with the bramble-flora of northern Germany is obvious. A number of species, that occur in the latter region are absent however. Species of Central-European hills and mountains are as good as limited to the southern border of the Veluwe, which is mostly considered to belong to the Subcentreuropean district. South-European, often calciphilous species are absent. The nomenclature in the genus Rubus is very confused. There is an abundance of homonyms and synonyms. The number of misidentifications is rather large, meaning that a great deal of the literature is unreliable. The descriptions with many authors are absolutely insufficient, and type-specimens are often with difficulty or not at all to be traced. The difficulties arise from the fact that many taxa are not clearly separated. Some of them are well distinguishable, others are related by transitions. From a geographical point of view there is much difference as well. Some species have as their area almost the whole of Europe, others are limited to a very restricted area. In addition there is a difference in chromosome numbers (from diploids (2n = 14) to hexaploids (2n = 42). Most taxa are tetraploid. The abundance of forms within the section Rubus arises from a partly apomictic, partly amphimictic propagation. To set up some order in all those differences, the author has made the following distinctions: morphologically there are the different ranks of species and infraspecific taxa. Geographically distinctions have been made by means of a code of the capitals A to D inclusive: A indicates the taxa with the largest area, D the local taxa. Cytologically a code of Roman numerals has been given: I for diploids, II for polyploids. Beside the introductory theoretical part a short description of all taxa of the section above the specific rank has been given. All species and infraspecific taxa of this section, that are found to occur in the Guelders district have been described in detail, with mention of the type-specimen. Pictures have been added of the newly described taxa, and of some others as well. Maps of the distribution in the Netherlands of all the taxa have been inserted.

Description: In a forthcoming publication (Kramer, in prep.) floristic and taxonomic data of the pteridophyte flora of Suriname will be assembled, with keys and notes on their local distribution and ecological preference. The present paper deals with the geographical distribution of Suriname pteridophytes beyond the boundaries of Suriname (Fig. 2), a subject that lies beyond the scope of a local fern Flora. In the past, some (but relatively not very many) authors of fern Floras included a paragraph on the distribution of the taxa (Posthumus, 1928; Christensen, 1932; Backer & Posthumus, 1939). In some other fern Floras some space is devoted to ecology, but very little to geography (Holttum, 1954). In still others, considerations of a general kind on ecology and geography are altogether lacking (Vareschi, 1969). Lyell (1870), in his rather little-known book on the distribution of ferns, tried to bring together all the data known at his time; his work is now, of course, almost exclusively of historical significance.

Description: Cytological investigations within Galium palustre L. showed the occurrence of three cytotypes, a diploid with 2n=24 chromosomes, a tetraploid with 2n=48 and an octoploid with 2n=96. Comparative morphological investigations, together with transplantation and crossing experiments confirmed the complexity of the species. The cytotypes are here considered to be subspecies of Galium palustre L.

Description: The wood descriptions of Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis are compared with those of earlier authors. The average and maximum tracheid lengths and the ray height distribution frequencies offer a means of separating the wood of the erect J. communis L. ssp. communis from that of the subspecies nana Syme with an entirely different habit.

Description: Caudalejeunea grolleana Gradst. spec. nov. from Madagascar is referred to this genus with some doubt because of the absence of gemmiparous branches. Ptychocoleus cristilobus (Steph.) Steph. from S. E. Asia has gemmiparous branches and therefore is a true Caudalejeunea: C. cristiloba (Steph.) comb. nov. This species is remarkable by its complicated ciliate leaflobule and by its polystratose rhizoid-disc. Two subspecies are distinguished: ssp. cristiloba from Burma, Andaman Is., Thailand, and Singapore, and ssp. samoana (Steph.) comb. nov. (Caudalejeunea samoana Steph.) from Samoa. Both C. grolleana and C. cristiloba have a 4-5-carinate perianth, which shows that the trigonous perianth present in most species of Caudalejeunea is not a stable character of this genus.

Description: This paper is a preliminary account of investigations on species of Campylopus, mainly from the high Andes of Colombia and from adjacent regions. The studies are based on herbarium specimens, field studies and cultural experiments. The genus Campylopus was founded by Bridel (1819) on the basis of a curved seta only and included, therefore, species of Grimmia and other genera. Later he modified his earlier circumscription (Bridel 1826) so that the genus then contained (except for one uncertain species) only species of Campylopus as known today. A subdivision of the genus was made by Limpricht (1886) based on the structure of the costa as seen in cross section: Pseudocampylopus Costa without stereids, ventral layer of large cells, other cells containing chlorophyll with moderately thickened walls. Campylopus Costa with dorsal stereid groups. Palinocraspis Costa with dorsal and ventral groups of stereids.

Description: The chromosome numbers of 85 species of flowering plants from the Canary Islands were determined; 5 of the counts turned out to be new. Notes on some species are given. Numbers deviating from previous counts proved to occur in Polycarpaea divaricata (Pit.) Poir. and Koeleria phleoides (Vill.) Pers. 49 counts are new for the Canary Islands and are listed in table 2.

Description: Dr. W. Meijer, who is Dutch-born, worked in Indonesia from 1951 to 1958, first at Bogor, then at Pajakumbuh, Sumatra, and was Forest Botanist in Sabah for several years, revisited Indonesia with a National Science Foundation travel grant under an NSF-AID (Agency for International Development) program for Scientists and Engineers in Economic Development. The University of Kentucky Research Foundation covered part of the travel costs in Indonesia together with the Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP) in Bogor, and Weyerhaeuser Timber Co., which is now also financing the printing at U.K. of a guide on trees in Indonesia which should be an excellent tool for better training of foresters in Dendrology (tree knowledge). The Japanese Sumitomo Timber Company also acted as liaison for Dr. Meijer during his visit to East Kalimantan. Dr. Meijer has written a fully documented final report which he hopes to submit to the Indonesian government through its Academy of Science. Parts of the report will be published in the Indonesian Forestry Journal and in International Nature Conservation Journals. He hopes for continuing support from the University, its Office for International Affairs, and the U.K. Research Foundation to get this report published. Officials in the World Bank in Washington D.C. and the Smithsonian Institution have also expressed great interest in the results of Dr. Meijer’s recent mission to Indonesia. The editor is glad to print this preliminary report:

Description: Dr. J.A.R. Anderson, who retired from the Sarawak Forest Service, and now lives at 15 Church Hill, Edinburgh EH10 4BG, will continue his interest in Malesian botany and ecology as a consultant forester and ecologist. The MS. of a project on which he had been working for several years is now in the final stage. This is a ”Check List of the Trees of Sarawak”; the scientific names will be coded and alphabetically arranged by families, genera and species, together with a moderately comprehensive list of vernacular names. This should be of value to the Forest Department in Sarawak. Miss P. Aston, senior botanist at the Melbourne Herbarium, is Australian liaison officer at Kew where she will remain until mid-1974. She is specialized in aquatic plants of Australia on which subject she wrote a most informative book (1973) which will be duly reviewed in this journal.

Description: History. In order to understand its present function, a short historical account is necessary. Bibliotheca Bogoriensis is the oldest science library in Indonesia, established in 1842 at the proposal of J.K. Hasskarl, assistant hortulanus of the ’s-Lands Plantentuin in Buitenzorg, West Java (now called Kebun Raya Indonesia Bogor). The very first 25 books were bought from Dr. Jacques Pierot, a botanist who was sent by the Dutch Government to China. Ever since many visiting botanists left or sold their book collection, the reason why Bibliotheca avails of fine old antiquarian books in the field of botany. Among the library’s treasures are the reprint collection belonging to Melchior Treub with his own hand-written catalogue, as well as his correspondence, and all his awards received from many countries and scientific societies in the world.

Description: In the past century Cornaceae were mostly delimited in a wide sense and they represented a fairly heterogeneous assemblage. HARMS (Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 15, 1897, 28 and in E. & P. Nat. Pfl. Fam. 3, 8, 1898, 255) distinguished 7 subfamilies. Of these Garryoideae were later mostly recognized as a separate family Garryaceae, as Alangioideae Alangiaceae, Nyssoideae and Davidioideae together as Nyssaceae, leaving Cornaceae with the remaining three subfamilies Cornoideae, Curtisioideae (monotypic, South Africa) and Mastixioideae (monotypic, Indo-Malesian tropics). Cf. WANGERIN, Pfl. Reich Heft 414 (1910) 18. In recent years, however, the other genera (6) of the Cornoideae, besides Cornus, have also been recognized as monotypic families, with the exception of Corokia which was transferred to Saxifragaceae-Escallonioideae. Notably TAKHTAJAN (Proiskh. Prokruitosem. Rast.: 89, non vidi) is in favour of these monotypic families. In his ‘Flowering Plants’ (ed. C. JEFFREY; 1969: 227) he accepted 7 segregate families besides Cornaceae sens. str. (omitting mention of two Madagascan genera, one of which he had formerly also raised to family rank, according to SHAW, 1973). These 7 families he arranged, together with Araliaceae and Umbelliferae, in the order Cornales, a phylogenetic construction of affinity not much different from earlier conceptions. The general impression is thus that the distinction of the segregate families is largely an inflation in rank.

Description: Asher’s Guide to botanical periodicals is a 3-weekly printed announcement of articles published in more than five thousand selected periodicals, in the field of: anatomy bibliography botanical history cytology dendrology ecology economic botany evolution floristics horticulture hydrobiology limnology medical mycology microbiology morphology palaeobotany palynology personalia pharmaceutical botany phytochemistry phytogenetics phytogeography plant physiology plant taxonomy toxicology Symposium and Congress Proceedings also to be included in the journal. An author index and plant name index taken from the titles of the articles will be added annually.

Description: The entries have been split into five categories: a) Algae — b) Fungi & Lichenes — c) Bryophytes — d) Pteridophytes — e) Spermatophytes & General subjects. — Books have been marked with an asterisk.

Description: Cyclopaedia p. xxiii-xxix add: F. de Lahaie, see C. A. G. RICHE. C. A. G. Riche and F. de Lahaie, naturalists of the voyage in ‘La Recherche’ and ‘L’Espdrance’ in search of La Pdrouse, 1791-1794, collected in Mauritius and Reunion. Part of the plants have erroneously been labelled ‘Java’.

Description: Trees, shrubs, lianas, very rarely herbaceous (extra-Mal.); twigs often lenticellate and nodes with gland fields; spines very rare (extra-Mal.). Stipules absent. Leaves simple or mostly compound (digitate or impari-1-4-pinnate), (in Mal.) decussate, rarely in whorls of 3-4, often provided with glands underneath, in the New World often provided with terminal tendrils, rarely scattered or in pseudo-whorls (extra- Mal.); domatia sometimes present (fig. 8b, 23h). Inflorescences bracteate, cymose, but not rarely thyrses contracted to racemiform or racemose inflorescences, or even reduced to solitary flowers (extra-Mal.), terminal, axillary or from the old wood. Pedicels mostly with 1-2 bracteoles. Flowers usually very showy, rather large, bisexual, articulate with the pedicel or not. Calyx connate, closed in bud and later (not rarely irregularly) splitting into lobes, or cupular, or spathaceous, or lobed from the beginning and with equal or unequal, valvate lobes, developing earlier than the corolla, often glandular outside and inside with water and slime producing glands and hydathodes, persistent or circumscissile caducous along an abscission line. Corolla sympetalous, campanulate, tubular, funnel- or salver-shaped, mostly zygomorphic, lobes equal or unequal, valvate or imbricate in bud, tube often with a narrow cylindrical (constricted) lower part (basal tube) and a widened upper part (upper tube). Stamens 5 almost equal, or mostly 4 didynamous, the 5th sterile, rudimentary, adnate to the corolla tube, mostly inserted at the rim of the basal tube and not rarely (glandular) hairy at the insertion, more rarely inserted higher up. Anthers basifixed, 2-celled, rarely one cell barren or 1-celled, introrse, dehiscing lengthwise, usually the anthers connivent in pairs; anther cells often free and divergent, connective not rarely produced. Disk intrastaminal, mostly annular, rarely absent. Ovary superior, 2-celled, rarely 1- or 4-celled (extra-Mal.); style filiform, stigma usually 2-lipped, sensitive. Ovules (in Mal.) in each cell on the septum in two or more rows of 3-~, mostly on 2 placentas. Capsule 2-valved, either loculicid with the septum perpendicular to the valves — sometimes provided with an additional transverse false septum — or septicid with the septum parallel with the valves, or (extra-Mal.) an indehiscent, 1-celled, soft or hard-shelled, pulpy berry. Seeds in each cell attached to the dissepiment in one or more rows, inserted transverse to axis of fruit, anatropous, mostly on both sides with hyaline wings; embryo exalbuminous, the cotyledons mostly notched, sometimes on both sides. Germination always epigeal. Distribution. About 120 genera and some 650 spp., mainly in the tropics and subtropics, roughly between 40° N and 30-35° S, very few in the warm-temperate zone; in Malesia: 14 native genera of which 2 are endemic, viz Hieris in Penang and Lamiodendron in Papuasia. Among the remaining 12 one occurs through the Old World (Dolichandrone), 7 are shared with continental SE. Asia (two of which extend also to Africa and Madagascar: Fernandoa, Stereospermum) and 4 with Australia and Melanesia; the latter occur in Malesia only in the east except Deplanchea which ranges westward to Sumatra.

Description: Trees, shrubs or perennial or annual herbs. Leaves simple, opposite and decussate (Mal. spp.), entire (Mal. spp.), sessile to shortly petioled, often with ± translucent and sometimes black or red glandular dots and/or lines. Stipules 0. Inflorescences terminal and sometimes axillary, very rarely axillary only, cymose to thyrsoid or rarely racemose, bracteate at least initially, 1-~-flowered. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, homostylous or heterodistylous. Sepals 5 (Mal. spp.), free or ± united, imbricate, entire or with margin variously divided and often glandular, lamina glandular like the leaves, usually with greater proportion of glands linear rather than punctiform, persistent (Mal. spp.). Petals 5 (Mal. spp.), free, imbricate (contorted), alternisepalous, entire or with margin variously divided and often glandular, lamina usually glandular like the leaves, sometimes with nectariferous basal appendage, glabrous (Mal. spp.), caducous or persistent. Stamen fascicles 5 (Mal. spp.), epipetalous, free or variously united, each with 1-~ stamens; filaments variously united or sometimes apparently free, the free part usually slender; anthers 2-thecal, dorsifixed, often with gland terminating connective. Staminodial fascicles 3 or 0 (Mal. spp.), when present alternating with stamen fascicles. Ovary 1, superior, 5—3-celled or 1-celled with 5-2 parietal placentas; styles 5-3 (2), free or ± united, ± slender; stigma punctiform to capitate; ovules ~-2 on each placenta (Mal. spp.), anatropous, horizontal or ascending. Fruit capsular (Mal. spp.), dehiscing septicidally or loculicidally. Seeds ~-1 on each placenta, sometimes winged or carinate; embryo cylindric, straight or curved, with cotyledons longer to shorter than hypocotyl; endosperm absent. Distribution. There are 7 genera with c. 550 spp., cosmopolitan except for Arctic regions and most of Polynesia, but only Hypericum and Triadenum occur outside the tropics and immediately adjacent areas. Of the three tribes, the Vismieae (3 genera) occur in Africa (including Madagascar) and America, the Cratoxyleae (3 genera) in Madagascar, Indo-Malesia, E. Asia and NE. America, and the Hypericeae (Hypericum) throughout most of the range of the family except for most lowland tropical areas. In Malesia only two genera are present: Cratoxylum BL. and Hypericum L.

Description: On 29 July 1974 dr. J. H. Kern died at the age of 70. At the occasion of his official retirement from the Rijksherbarium staff (January 1969) Van Steenis and Van Ooststroom gave due recognition to his achievements in tropical botany and to his share in the progress of the knowledge of the Dutch flora. There is no need to repeat here what was written at that time (Blumea 17, 1969, 1—3 and Gorteria 4, 1968, 69—72). After his retirement he was appointed honorary collaborator of the Rijksherbarium and at first he continued his work more or less as usual. However, his health soon became worse and his deteriorating eyesight prevented him from working with the microscope. Consequently, he could not finish the revision of Carex and Uncinia for Flora Malesiana, the only genera which still were missing from his manuscript. It was decided that the family would be published without these genera; the unfinished manuscript will be left to another botanist to be put into final shape. Together with professor Van Steenis he made the manuscript ready for the press, but only some days after a first copy had been received from the printers, Jan Kern suddenly died.

Description: A comparison of the structure of the flowers of various genera of the tribe Passifloraceae-Passifloreae supported the view of staminodial origin of the disk. The East African genus Schlechterina is kept separate from the West African genus Crossostemma. The genus Efulensia from Equatorial Africa is recognized beside the Madagascan genus Deidamia. Revised key to the genera of the Passifloreae, together with short descriptions.

Description: From 1970 up to 1973 plankton sampling was executed as part of the “Cooperative Investigations in the Caribbean and Adjacent Rerions” (Cicar-project). For the stationlist one is referred to Van der Spoel & Koperdraat (1974). During the cruises 21-23, 27-29, 31-35 and 37-38 a 3 PK Stork/ Pelger vacuum pump was used for sampling. The samples examined in this study are all pump samples. The plankton collected from 4500 litre filtered water was settled during 24 hours. The volumina were divided into six classes: 0-0.5 ml; 0.5-2 ml; 2-5 ml; 5-10 ml; 10-25 ml and 25 ml. The colour of the samples was distinguished as green, red, white and brown. Slides made from subsamples showed that the red colour of the preserved samples stands for a high percentage (up to 93%) of zooplankton; green means that the sample consists mainly (78-94%) of diatoms with large volume, like Coscinodiscus species. The white colour is an indication of small diatoms and other phytoplankton, while the brown coloured samples contain more detritus (average 22.5%) than other samples. The results of the volume and colour measurements are presented in figure 2-12. These maps show in the coastal waters of the Guyana’s a high primary production. This production is in March (Fig. 4) as well in April (Fig. 5) high at a certain distance from the coast. Near the coast and further seaward near the continental slope the production is far lower. This also becomes clear in figure 13 up to 20, in which the ratio of sand, detritus, phyto- and zooplankton is given. Hulbert a.o. (1969) and Cadée (pers.comm.) found in those months near the coast a small strip with a high primary production. The high production is caused by the upwelling of nutrientrich water at the continental slope, because the Amazon outflow contains hardly phosphates and nitrates (Ryther a.o., 1969). This upwelling also explains the high quantity of sand found in the samples before the continental shelf (Fig. 13 and 17). It appears that the diatoms which are dominant in the samples (Fig. 21) -taken in a short period and rather close- belong to different groups. This could be an indication for different watermasses in which the circumstances are optimal for the different diatoms. It was not possible to discover a relation between the different phytoplankton populations and the physical and chemical data (Fig. 22). It is therefore improbable that the different phytoplankton populations are caused by different watermasses. They form rather different stages in the succession of one bloom. The diversity of the phytoplankton (Tabel 1 and 2) is very low. Although this is normal during the bloom, the main reason for this low diversity must be found in the hydrographical situation; in regions with upwelling the diversity drops (Margalef, 1967). In figure 23 the diatoms and dinoflagellates are divided into littoral, neritic and oceanic species. The coastal samples contain a lot of littoral species, in the region with a high primary production mainly neritic species are found and beyond the continental shelf the population is typical oceanic. On this ground the supposition that in this region different watermasses don’t mix is untenable. The suggestion of Ryther a.o. (1967) that the outflow of the Amazon mixes fast with the Guyana current seems to be right. The variation in average length of two Coscinodiscus species in relation to hydrographical circumstances neither gave further information about different watermasses (Fig. 24 and 25). Noteworthy is the relation that seems to exist between the length of both species and the salinity and Si-content of the sample. Coscinodiscus asteromphalus Ehr, has greater cells at a high salinity and smaller cells with increasing Si-content. With Coscinodiscus concinnus Schm. the relation is more clear, but just the reverse. About the situation in the eastern Caribbean hardly any information can be offered. The sampling method was too incomplete. In October primary production is found in the Gulf of Maracaïbo. The quantity of settled material in these regions is considerably lower than off the coast of the Guyanas. During the whole year blue algae and dinoflagellates are dominant (Fig.37). Only in the sample of 18 June Chaetoceros was dominant. This indicates the oceanic character of the region. A total impression of the samples shows a production period in January and in August-October.

Description: Species of the genera Tylos Latreille and Ligia Fabricus from the New World are recorded and knowledge of their distribution and systematics is summarized. Tylos marcuzzii Soika is redescribed with new illustrations. Ligia callani Collinge is reduced to a synonym of L. platycephala Van Name. New distribution records in the Caribbean and other regions are given for species of the two genera.

Description: Dr. Ernst Frederik Jacobi, who was a member of the Editorial Board of this journal for exactly 20 years, reached the age of 65 on September 11, 1973 and retired. Dr. Jacobi was appointed Director of the Amsterdam Zoo (officially: of the Royal Zoological Society “Natura Artis Magistra”) on April 1, 1953, in succession to Dr. A. L. J. Sunier. The function of Director of the Zoo automatically means also the membership of the Editorial Board of “Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde”. This periodical was published by the Royal Zoological Society until vol. 28 of 1949 (the last volume edited by Dr. Jacobi’s predecessor), but owing to the difficult financial situation of the Society, its publication was interrupted from 1949 to 1959, when vol. 29 appeared. From this volume onward, the “Bijdragen” appeared at regular periods, first once a year, later twice a year; also, the periodical was no longer published by the Royal Zoological Society solely, but by a committee (called so beautifully the “Board of Supervisors on the Management of the Artis Library”, the Artis Library being the library of the Society, though since 1938 chiefly managed by the University of Amsterdam).

Description: It is demonstrated that the characters which sofar have been considered to be typical for the subgenus Pachyfissidens are also found in several species which on good grounds are included in the subgenus Fissidens. Therefore Pachyfissidens can not be maintained as a subgenus; however, on account of a certain similarity in habit caused by the thickness of the leaves and on the ground of the fact that in all its species a central cylinder is normally lacking, Pachyfissidens is retained as a section. F. rochensis Broth., a species formerly placed in Pachyfissidens is transferred to the section Bryoidium.

Description: Plants grown up from seeds collected in the wild were cultivated in the experimental garden. These plants were investigated cytologically and morphologically. They turned out to be tetraploids with 2n =44 chromosomes. This is the same number as reported by Fagerlind (1937) in material from unknown origin and by van Loon (1974) in plants from Lanzarote, the Canaries. The metaphase-plates of roottip mitosis have a regular pattern, but some difference in length of the chromosomes can be observed. B-chromosomes or satellites are not present (fig. 10.5).

Description: This paper deals with the Vanguerieae, Cinchoneae, Condamineae and Rondeletieae, and concludes a study on the anatomy of the secondary xylem of the Cinchonoideae + Ixoroideae. The taxonomically homogeneous Vanguerieae show only little variation. Taxonomically the Cinchoneae, Condamineae, and Rondeletieae, placed near each other in the Cinchonoideae, are rather heterogeneous. Their woods show also more anatomical differences, with a similar scala of variation within each tribe. Numerical analysis of the pattern of variation was undertaken. Cluster analysis showed a very distinct bipartition, which remained almost invaried while calculations were executed with different character weighings. This bipartition is not expressed in the existing taxonomic classifications. An attempt to distinguish the three tribes on the basis of their wood anatomy was made, but was unsuccessful.

Description: All samples of the genus Plagiochila from the Netherlands, present in the main Dutch institutional herbaria and some private collections have been reexamined. Several specimens turned out to belong to P. porelloides, a species which had been recorded only once before from the Netherlands. Distribution maps are given for both species. They can be distinguished as follows: P. asplenioides: dried plants pale green; stem-length 3-7 cm, stem-width 5-9 mm; cells thin-walled, without trigones; cuticula smooth. P. porelloides: dried plants yellow-green to dark-green; stem-length up to 3 cm, stem-width 2-4 mm; cells with more or less conspicuous trigones, cells of the leaf-border thick-walled; cuticula mamillose.

Description: The present paper is preliminary to a monographic treatment of the genera Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. and Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. The main purpose of this paper is to reestablish Acrolejeunea as the nomenclaturally correct name of a genus of Lejeuneaceae to which in this century commonly the name Ptychocoleus Trev. was applied.

Description: Until his retirement in September 1972, Dr. C.G.G.J. van Steenis was director of the Rijksherbarium and professor of botany at Leiden University as well as Editor of the Flora Malesiana. In the function of professor-director he was succeeded by Dr. C. Kalkman, but has retained the Editorship of the Flora Malesiana. About the same time, a change in legislation in the Netherlands established ’democracy’ at all hierarchical levels of universities. It means that decisions are made by chosen committees or by voting. The merits of this system are still largely in the realms of hope. Fortunately, the Rijksherbarium people are very much of one mind, and to a man expressed themselves in favour of continuation of work on the Flora Malesiana. So it came about that, when Professor Van Steenis laid down the editorship of the Flora Malesiana Bulletin — although, as I am very glad to say, he will continue to contribute, and to compile the Bibliography — my name was put up for discussion and was approved by the members of the ’tropical staff’. Almost immediately thereupon, both Dr. Van Steenis and I went abroad (separately). This set the closing date of the Bibliography at 1 September 1973.

Description: I have been asked by friends concerning the photographic equipment, especially for close-ups, which I took with me, my experience of photography in the tropics and the results. One can learn useful information from the concise pamphlet ”Photography in the Tropics” (Kodak Data Booklet GN-5). The present notes on practicing actual picture-taking in the humid and hot climate could serve as a reference to fellow botanists who for the first time make a trip to the tropics and would like to take photographs, especially close-ups. For travelling abroad, I have tried to keep my photographic equipment as simple and light as possible. Since I used Exakta as my work-horse, I took two bodies of it with interchangeable viewers. The lenses consist of one each of 35 mm, 50 mm, 85 mm, and 135 mm (in short mount, used on Novoflex bellows II), and a Steinheil photo-monocular (6 x 30; can be used as field glass or attached to the 50 mm lens to extend its focal length to 300 mm).

Description: Anderson, Robert Henry (1885-1969) Botanist for 43 years in the service of the Royal Botanic Gardens and National Herbarium, Sydney, eventually as Director, till 1964. Author of Trees of New South Wales; founder of Contributions from the New South Wales National Herbarium in 1939, and of the Flora of New South Wales. Obituary by J.W.Vickery, Contr. N.S.W. Herb. 4 (1972) 245-249 + portr.

Description: Aston, Helen I., Aquatic Plants of Australia. A guide to the identification of the aquatic ferns and flowering plants of Australia, both native and naturalized. Melbourne University Press, 6 Sept. 1973, 8°, xvi + 368 pp., 138 fig., 81 maps. Clothbound A$ 21. In accordance with the subtitle of this book there are, besides Phanerogams, also small chapters on some Cryptogam families, notably Characeae (algae), Ricciaceae (liverworts), Azollaceae, Isoetaceae, Marsileaceae, Parkeriaceae, Salviniaceae (aquatic ferns). There is a general chapter on the Australian environment. Australia is a dry continent, but many parts are surprisingly well watered with swamps, lagoons, irrigation channels and new reservoirs; depressions are often filled after rains at odd intervals, and many waterplants can survive by rhizomes or seed in intervening dry periods. A total of 220 species are treated. The concept waterplant is, as usual, of an arbitrary nature. The main text is the systematical description of the species, with their distribution. As the author was best acquainted with the Victorian waterplants, locality maps are given of all species occurring in that state. Species descriptions are ample and very many species are depicted, mainly by original drawings.

Description: The eighth volume of Flora Malesiana is dedicated to the memory of the Dutch botanist F. A. W. Miquel, who, even though he never visited the tropics, contributed greatly to the development of the knowledge of the Malesian flora. He did so not just through his well-known Flora Indiae Batavae, but certainly also through his role in re-activating the Rijksherbarium during and following the somewhat difficult aftermath of BLUME’S reign, and in rallying the support of Dutch and foreign botanists to study the many collections from the ‘East Indies’ which reached the Netherlands in the years between 1840 and 1870. Miquel also played an inconspicuous, but as it turned out, decisive part in the introduction of Cinchona in Java and last, but not least, left an important heritage in the person of his pupil Scheffer who became director of 's-Lands Plantentuin (Hortus bogoriensis) at Buitenzorg (Bogor), Java, in 1868 and who had a profound effect on the development of the gardens as well as on botanical and agricultural research in the former Netherlands East Indies. The Miquel period in Dutch systematic and tropical botany was characterized by an enthusiastic attempt to lay a foundation for a better knowledge of the Suriname and Indonesian floras; attempts which resulted in a preliminary, even though not always sufficiently critical, survey of what was known. A well organized home-basis for systematic studies was set up in the revitalized Rijksherbarium, and through Miquel’s own herbarium, sold to the University, a similar basis was established at Utrecht for the study of the Suriname flora. Miquel had good contacts with collectors in the field as well as with the gardens and herbarium at Buitenzorg (Bogor). At a time when the British colonial floras and the Flora Brasiliensis were written, he attempted to create at least a modest basis for similar Dutch activities for the study of the hitherto unsufficiently recognized and described dazzling tropical organic diversity. A brief biography is in order for this dedication as a late salute to a great botanist who could not even dream of the scope of the future Flora Malesiana, but who would have been one of its most enthusiastic supporters. For references to other literature and to sources I must refer to my more extensive biography and bibliography of Miquel published in 1966 and to the important collection of documents from which Miquel’s relations with his colleagues in Holland and abroad can best be seen, namely the collection of letters written to Miquel, now in the Utrecht University Library. Frequent correspondence was entertained with, for instance, Hasskarl, Horsfield, Junghuhn, Teysmann and Kurz, to mention only a few of Miquel’s more than 200 correspondents. These letters vividly illustrate the difficult conditions under which collectors and botanists worked, and often account for otherwise puzzling characteristics of the literature on the Malesian flora of the Miquel era.

Description: The family consists of one genus only, Symplocos, which occurred already in the Eocene over the entire northern hemisphere in the mixed mesophytic forest and in all probability also in the Indo-Australian tropics. As proved by abundant fossil endocarps, the Eocene species had already a fruit structure very similar to that of now living species and the genus existed at that early time obviously already in optima forma, a reason to assume that it must be of high antiquity. This is also corroborated by the fact that the tropical subgenus Symplocos has a very disjunct trans-Pacific range; explanation by chance transoceanic long-distance dispersal must be refuted because it is in contradiction with all presently known facts.

Description: Families and higher taxa have been entered under their name. Names of families which have been revised in volumes 4-8 have been entered and are printed in bold type, so that as far as this is concerned this index is complete for all preceding volumes as well.

Description: Trees, erect or scandent shrubs, or climbers, very rarely epiphytic shrubs; usually with acrid, often turpentine smelling sap becoming black when exposed to the air. Buttresses sometimes present. Stipules absent. Leaves often crowded at the (thickened) end of twigs, spiral or alternate (only opposite or decussate in Bouea), sometimes subverticillate; simple, uni- or tri-foliolate, imparipinnate, rarely paripinnate (Euroschinus) (bipinnate in extra-Mal. Spondias sp.); margin entire (rarely crenate-dentate in Rhus spp.); petioled (petiole often thickened at the basal part), rarely subsessile or sessile. Inflorescences terminal and/or axillary, rarely cauliflorous, paniculiform (panicles or thyrses), sometimes racemose or spiciform, rarely flowers solitary; bracts and bracteoles usually caducous, sometimes persistent; pedicels distinct, obscure, or 0, often articulated. Flowers regular, bisexual, or unisexual by abortion (plants monoecious, dioecious, or polygamous). Hypanthium sometimes present (Melanochyla). Floral axis (between calyx and stamens) often obscure, sometimes distinct and elongated ( Gluta & Swintonia). Calyx 5- or 4- (rarely 3-)lobed (or perianth bract-like, in Pistacia), sometimes calyptriform (Gluta), caducous or persistent, rarely accrescent ( Parishia). Petals 5 or 4, or 0 (in Pistacia), free, sometimes the basal part longitudinally adnate to the floral axis, imbricate or valvate, rarely contorted, caducous or persistent, sometimes accrescent (Swintonia & Gluta spp.). Stamens equal or twice the number of calyx lobes or petals, rarely more or ~ (Gluta spp.), inserted on the margin of disk, or just outside or inside of this margin, or on an enlarged torus (Gluta); all (sometimes 1 or more) fertile in ♂ or bisexual flowers, imperfect or sterile, rarely rudimentary, or wanting (Pistacia) in ♀ flowers; filaments subulate or filiform, free or infrequently basally connate, glabrous, sometimes hairy or papillate; anthers dorsi- or basifixed, or dorsobasifixed, longitudinally dehiscent, seemingly 2-celled (with 4 pollen sacs) at anthesis, usually introrse; connective rarely prolonged, dilated and apically 2-lobed (Androtium). Torus prominent (Gluta). Disk usually present and distinct (rarely obscure or none), persistent (caducous in Androtium & Buchanania), often fleshy, sometimes thin; round, flat or concave above, pulvinate, rim-like, short-cupular, or consisting of 5 gland-like lobes (Swintonia), rarely stipiform (Mangifera spp.), often slightly crenulate or notched, rarely lobed. Ovary free, or the basal part connate with disk or receptacle, superior, sometimes partly or wholly immersed in disk or receptacle and seemingly semi-inferior or inferior (Pegia, Melanochyla & Semecarpus spp.), rarely really inferior (Drimycarpus & extra-Ma1. Holigarna), usually sessile, sometimes stiped (Gluta); 1-carpellate and 1-celled, or syncarpous and 2-5(-12)-celled (if 1-celled there are 3 styles), apocarpous (4-6-carpellate in Buchanania & Androtium), or carpels incompletely connate (5-carpellate in Dracontomelon & Koordersiodendron), usually 1 carpel fertile; styles 1—5(—12), distinct or obscure, terminal or excentric; stigmas 1—5(—12), distinct or obscure; rudimentary pistil small, obscure, or absent in ♂. Ovule 1 in each carpel or cell, pendulous, apotropous. Fruits drupaceous, sometimes subtended by enlarged calyx lobes (Parishia) or petals (Swintonia & Gluta spp.), or an enlarged fleshy hypocarp (pedicel, receptacle; in Anacardium & Semecarpus), 1-5(-12)-celled, 1—5(—12)- seeded; exocarp thin; mesocarp usually fleshy and resinous, sometimes waxy or oily; endocarp or stone fibrous, crustaceous, woody, or almost bony. Seed exalbuminous or with scanty endosperm, rarely labyrinthine ( Mangifera spp.); testa membranous or chartaceous, sometimes adherent to the endocarp; raphe or chalazal vascular bundles sparsely or profusely branched, often distinctly shown on the testa; embryo straight or curved; cotyledons free, rarely partly or incompletely united ( Gluta spp.), plano-convex, rarely unequal (fig. 71), radicle short. Distribution. About 70 genera with c. 600 spp., distributed chiefly throughout the tropics and subtropics. Malesia is the richest major tropical area for this family, with more genera represented than in any other area; even though Rhus is not richly represented in species.

Description: Morphological and physiological properties of Dipodascopsis uninucleata (Biggs) Batra & Millner are described. Two varieties, var. uninucleata and var. wickerhamii nov. var. are recognized.

Description: Metrosideros queenslandica L. S. Smith, Proc. Roy. Soc. Qld. 64 (1958) 50, is a species of the North Queensland rain forests mostly found above 1,000 metres altitude. Metrosideros omata C. T. White, Journ. Arn. Arb. 23 (1942) 79, another member of the group, occurs in rain forests of eastern New Guinea at 1,500 metres altitude and above. Probably some of the Metrosideros species described by Diels (1922) from New Guinea also belong to this group, but material of these has not yet been obtained.

Description: The Cicar-project (Cooperative Investigations in the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions project) offered an opportunity to collect epiplanktonic animals in the Southern part of the Caribbean Sea and in water north of Guyana in the Atlantic, to study the precise distribution of some groups in the area. All the Cicar planktonsamples were taken in superficial waters, mostly at depths not exceeding 6 m, but at some stations at depths of 10, 13 or 18 m (c.f. Cicar First Interim Report ITZ, 1971).

Description: Reviewing the enormous amount of literature concerning Cerion, one may wonder whether it makes sense to write another article on this genus not dealing with a fundamental problem. However — in the author’s opinion — the state of affairs is such that it may still be useful to publish a number of new data, hoping that this important animal-group will be included in modern taxonomical and ecological research to a greater extent as has been the case until now. The representatives of the genus Cerion have a remarkable distribution: a large area in the northern part of the Caribbean region — with three centres of speciation, in Cuba, the Bahamas and the Cayman Islands — yielding many dozens of species and subspecies, and a small area in the southern part, confined to the islands of Curaçao, Aruba and Bonaire, harbouring only one single species. The uniformity of the Cerion population of the three islands of the Leeward Group is most striking, compared to the pluriformity of the populations on several much younger and much less diversified Bahamian islands.

Description: Within the frame work of general cytotaxonomic studies of various Galium species the following species were included: Galium rotundifolium L., Galium arenarium Lois., Galium triflorum Mich., Galium uliginosum L., Galium pumilum Murr., Galium sterneri Ehrend., Galium oelandicum (Stern, et Hyl.) Ehrend., Galium spurium L., Galium tricornutum Dandy, Galium verrucosum Huds. and Galium purpureum L. Combined cytological and morphological studies were made on plants cultivated under uniform conditions during several years.

Description: Two not previously recorded Belgian indigenes, viz. F. arnoldii Ruth, and F. monguillonii Thér., and one new Dutch one are reported. It is pointed out how these species can be distinguished from those species with which they are most likely to be confused. It is also indicated in what kind of habitat they are to be expected.

Description: Blume, C.L., Catalogue van .... gewassen in ’s Lands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg. 1823. ’Beschrijving van eenige gewassen ....’ (in Verh. Bat. Genootsch. 9, 1823, p. 129-202).

Description: Anacardiaceae. Dr. Ding Hou of the Rijksherbarium concluded his Flora Malesiana MS. with a revision of Semecarpus, the last and most difficult genus. Apocynaceae. Professor F. Markgraf, Zürich, who finished his revision of Alstonia, will now proceed with Alyxia.

Description: The limestone flora of Malaya. Under this title, Mr. S. C. Chin submitted a M.Sc. thesis in typescript in March 1973 at the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Supervisor was Dr. B.C. Stone. Hitherto, Henderson’s work of 1939 was the only study on the subject, with 745 spp. in all, about 195 of them known only from limestone, 130 of them endemics. Since exploration started in 1880, sixty collectors (listed) have gathered

Description: Flower-visiting insects may play a role in the pollination of the flowers they visit. An important indication for this is the pollen they carry on their body. The transport of pollen does not prove pollination without observations of the behaviour of the insects on the flowers, but at least it offers suggestions for further research (concerning pollination as well as the biology of the insects). So a pollenanalysis on the load of the integument of these insects is of great importance to obtain a basis for large scale pollination studies. A pollenanalysis on the contents of the digestive tube may indicate whether it concerns anthophilous insects or not. These notes are intended for botanists who may be able to collect the insects as well as the plants, or at any rate note the name of the plants. The entomologists for their part must be asked, if the plants are unknown to them, to collect some flowers or an inflorescence together with some vegetative parts for later determination.

Description: Annual or perennial herbs (in Mal.), occasionally somewhat woody near the base, sometimes aquatic. Leaves spiral or opposite. Stipules absent or reduced, deltoid. Flowers mostly 4-merous, rarely 5-merous (in Mal.), solitary or arranged in a terminal racemose inflorescence, subtended by (often reduced) leaves or bracts. Bracteoles absent or 2 at the base of the ovary. Floral tube short or absent. Sepals erect, persistent. Petals caducous, contorted in aestivation, white, pink or yellow, sometimes emarginate. Stamens 4, 5, 8, or 10, in 2 whorls, rarely with an intermediate number, epipetalous ones sometimes shorter. Anthers usually versatile, sometimes seemingly basifixed by reduction: pollen single or in tetrads. Ovary inferior, (in Mal.) 4- or 5-celled and with ~ ovules; summit of the ovary (disk) flat to conical (in Mal.), sometimes with depressed nectaries surrounding the bases of the epipetalous stamens. Style simple; stigma capitate, clavate or globose, often 4-lobed. Ovules with axial placentation, 1-pluriseriate. Fruit (in Mal.) a mostly long and slender loculicidal or irregularly rupturing capsule. Seeds rounded or elongate, in Ludwigia sometimes embedded in powdery or surrounded by cork-like endocarp tissue, in Epilobium with a chalazal plume of trichomes (coma); endosperm absent; embryo straight. Distribution. About 17 genera and more than 600 spp. in tropical and temperate regions, with a distinct centre of diversity on the northern hemisphere in the New World, in Malesia two native genera which are both almost ubiquist.

Description: In April 1973, Dr. B.C. Stone of Kuala Lumpur participated in the Ceylon Flora project under the aegis of the Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, and the Smithsonian Institution. A month’s stay was devoted primarily to the collecting and preparation of a draft manuscript on the Pandanaceae of Ceylon, and notes toward a similar draft for the Rutaceae. Visits to the Lucknow Botanic Gardens and the Smithsonian Office in New Delhi formed part of the trip. Dr. A.J. Kostermans of Bogor conducted exploration work in the first half of 1973. His material is still being processed; this done, we hope to give a complete account in the next issue.

Description: As was done in the preceding volumes, it seemed useful to correct some errors which have crept into the text of volumes 4-8 as well as to add additional data, new records and references to new species which came to my knowledge and are worth recording. Also there are alternative opinions about generic and specific delimitation on most of which comments are given. Printing errors have only been corrected if they might give rise to confusion.

Description: Perennial herbs, often with bulbs, tubers or rhizomes, sometimes undershrubs. Leaves simple, equitant (except in Crocus), with parallel nerves. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, in cymes, spikes or panicles, sometimes very contracted or flowers solitary, bracteate and with 1 or 2 spathes. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, often marcescent. Tepals free or united into a tube, in 2 whorls, the inner ones rarely inconspicuous ( Patersonia). Stamens 3 or exceptionally 2 with 1 staminode (in the Australian Diplarrhena), free or united into a tube, basifixed or dorsifixed, opposite to the outer tepals. Ovary inferior (or superior in the Tasmanian Isophysis), 3-celled with axillary placentas; style entire or trifid, sometimes tepaloid; stigmas 3 or 6, terminal or sometimes axillary, alternating with or opposite to the outer tepals; ovules generally numerous. Fruit capsular, dehiscing loculicidally, apically or irregularly. Seeds angular, flat or globose, sometimes winged. Distribution. Cosmopolitan, with c. 60 genera and c. 800 spp., predominantly in the tropics and the southern hemisphere. In Malesia: only two Australasian genera each with 1 sp., and four exotic ones introduced and naturalized.

Description: The wood anatomical variation within 17 eurytherm hardwood genera in relation to altitude and latitude has been studied using wood samples from 52 species. With increasing latitude a miniaturization of secondary xylem elements (shorter vessel members, narrower vessels, shorter and sometimes narrower fibres, lower rays) is reported, together with an increase in vessel frequency and frequency and expression of helical thickenings to the vessel walls. Increasing altitude has similar but much weaker effects, and none on vessel grouping or helical thickenings. The number of bars per perforation plate in genera with partly or exclusively scalariform perforations is in general not correlated with altitude or latitude. In the softwood genus Podocarpus tracheid length and diameter and ray height decrease with increasing altitude. An analysis of the wood anatomical variation within 2 species with a wide latitudinal and 5 with a wide altitudinal range did not reveal correlations between the above mentioned features and latitude or altitude. The results are discussed with reference to previous interpretations of latitudinal and altitudinal variation in wood (Baas, 1973), stressing the significance for phylogenetic wood anatomy.

Description: The seeds are inferior. Only in the apical part of the seed the testa is integumental; for the greater part it is chalazal. A thick mesotesta is formed by a matted layer of sclereids. The chalazal part of the ectotesta is richly vascularized. A sheath of inverted vascular bundles occurs on the inside of the chalazal part of the mesotesta. The seeds are albuminous, the cotyledons foliaceous. An inside cavity may make the seeds float in water. The nucellar beak persists in the ripe seed. The endopyle is five-rayed in c.s., the ectopyle is a longitudinal slit.

Description: An account is given of the collembolan fauna of the Greek island Rhodos, from material collected in early spring 1970. Altogether 52 taxa were recognized, constituting the first faunal list for the Greek isles. Six new species are described in this material, viz. Lathriopyga hellenica, , Folsomides nanus, Pseudosinella ciliata, Orchesella sporadica, Deuterosminthurus pandayi and Dicyrtomina (Calvatomina) articulata; moreover the new subspecies Acherontiella bougisi rhodia and Deuterosminthurus sulphureus mediterraneus, and the new forma Deuterosminthurus pallipes fenyesi f. pallida. Heteromurus sexoculatus Brown, 1926, is reduced to a form of H. major (Moniez, 1889), Deuterosminthurus fenyesi Stach, 1926, is reduced to a subspecies of D. pallipes Bourlet, 1843. A lectotype is designated for D. p. fenyesi. Folsomides anophthalamis Hepburn & Woodring, 1964, is synonymized with F. americanus Denis, 1931; Oncopodura ambigua Christiansen, 1958, is synonymized with O. crassicornis Shoebotham, 1911; Seira pillichi graeca Ellis, 1966, and S. petrae Jacquemart, 1973, are synonymized with S. ferrarii Parona, 1888. A key is presented to the species of Folsomides, and to the European species of Deuterosminthurus. The Sminthurus viridis complex is represented by S. viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), and a peculiar form of S. nigromaculatus Tullberg, 1872, that presumably represents a separate taxon.

Description: A biography of H. E. van Rijgersma is given, with the genealogical register of his family. The zoological and historical literature, in which he was mentioned, is discussed. Van Rijgersma's illustrated manuscripts on botany (1868) and malacology (1875) of St. Martin, and his correspondence with malacologists, were discovered in the United States and studied. The recent mollusk fauna of St. Martin is summarized, consisting of 550 species, of which 136 are new to the fauna of that island.

Description: The present study deals with a part of the results of observations made during expeditions in 1968 and 1969 to the Angmagssalik District, the central and largest deglaciated area on the Southeast coast of Greenland; which journeys were preceded by a reconaissance in 1966. The Angmagssalik District is a very mountainous area deeply cut by numerous fjords, and has a pronounced oceanic low-arctic climate. Its general physiography has no broad beaches and wide saline deltas where such extensive, luxuriant and very diversified littoral vegetation as those known from southern latitudes might develop. However, well-developed small stands are locally common in suitable, sheltered habitats and represent several clearly distinguishable vegetation types. The occurrence and the composition of the littoral plant communities appear to depend on the physiography of the littoral, the climate, the properties of the open water, the substrate, and of course also on phytogeographical and historical factors. Although the environmental factors have not been studied in great detail, they are dealt with rather thoroughly, since they are in many respects different from conditions prevailing at lower latitudes as, for example, in the intensively studied western and southern parts Europe. The littoral communities were described and classified according to the principles of the Zürich-Montpellier school. Two exclusive arctic and subarctic groups of communities are represented in the area, viz. the order Carici-Puccinellietalia and the order Honckenyo-Elymetalia arenarii. The first comprises salt marsh communities which are mainly restricted to the lower beach and sandy to silty substrates, the second is chiefly confined to the upper part of coarse sandy to stony beaches in more exposed conditions. A comparative study of the Carici-Puccinellietalia has led to a revision of the syntaxon, and shows that the associations grouped in this order form for the greater part pairs of vicarious, exclusively arctic and subarctic units at least in the northern Atlantic area. These pairs are differentiated by the absence or presence of a group of widely spread boreal taxa of which the common northern area limit coincides with the boundary between the arctic and subarctic regions, so that their areas are pararegional with respect to the area of the order and its two alliances. All six associations of the Carici-Puccinellietalia are represented in the investigated area. Those of the Puccinellion phryganodis, which comprise the syntaxa that are as a rule confined to sheltered habitats on the lowest part of the beach in clayey to silty, sandy substrates poor in humus, are represented by lower units, except for the provisional new association Sagino-Phippsietum algidae. Those of the Caricion glareosae, which comprise the syntaxa restricted commonly to somewhat less sheltered habitats on the higher part of the lower beach in coarse, sandy, superficially strongly humic to peaty substrates, are represented by all known units. The Honckenyo-Elymetalia arenarii is represented by two sociations, which are presumably local, impoverished representatives of the territorial Greenlandic association Honckenyo diffusae-Elymetum mollis or the widely spread, subarctic to arctic Honckenyo diffusae-Elymetum arenarii. The results of the reclassification of the units of the Carici-Puccinellietalia in the northern Atlantic are summerized in a separate survey. J. G. de Molenaar Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University Transitorium II Heidelberglaan 2, »De Uithof« Utrecht Netherlands

Description: A new Polygala from the Nassau Mts. in Suriname is described. The taxonomic status of Polygala stipulata Chodat and Monnina membranacea Miq. is reconsidered; this resulted in a new combination.

Description: Within Sedum tenuifolium (Sibth. & Sm.) Strobl two morphologically distinct forms can be recognised. These forms, characterised by the presence of long-stalked and short-stalked propagules, respectively, have different areas. The diploid of S. tenuifolium belongs to the shortstalked form, the hexaploid to the long-stalked form. The short-stalked form is newly described as ssp. ibericum, the name referring to its main area.

Description: Unarmed, erect, mostly aromatic (sometimes fetid-aromatic) herbs, sometimes woody at the base; stem mostly quadrangular, sometimes conspicuously noded. Leaves decussate, rarely whorled, mostly simple, rarely lobed or pinnate, exstipulate. Indumentum of simple, capitate-glandular or stellate hairs, or a combination. (Extra-Mal. sometimes woody, climbing, spiny and with spiral leaves.) Flowers bisexual, mostly zygomorphic, axillary, in pairs, or in short, fascicled cymes forming verticillasters, or in cincinni, in many cases compound into spurious spicate, racemose, capitate or paniculate, essentially cymose, inflorescences. Calyx persistent, ± regular or unequally 4—5-toothed or -lobed, tubular or 2-lipped, sometimes with an appendage. Corolla tube long or short, sometimes with a hairring within, limb 5-, rarely 4-lobed, mostly 2-lipped and personate, lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens usually 4 and didynamous, inserted on the corolla tube, sometimes the upper (posterior) pair imperfect, rarely the lower pair barren (Mosla), filaments sometimes hairy, rarely connate at base; anthers linear to round, cells parallel or divaricate, sometimes confluent, rarely one cell barren (Anisomeles), or disjoined by a slender connective (Salvia), basifixed. Disk usually prominent, regular or irregular. Ovary superior, consisting of 2 carpels, each of which is 2-celled by intrusion of the ovary wall. Style simple, mostly gynobasic; stigma usually 2-fid, often with unequal arms. Ovules solitary, anatropous. Fruit consisting of 4 dry or rarely fleshy (Gomphostemma), 1-seeded schizocarpous nutlets which remain enclosed in the persistent calyx; the scar of attachment usually small and basal but sometimes sublateral and large; pericarp smooth or sculptured, endocarp sometimes hard; exocarp sometimes becoming gelatinous when moistened. Seed small, erect or ± transverse (Scutellaria), ± exalbuminous; seed-coat usually much deteriorated as to be almost negligible. Distribution. Cosmopolitan, with c. 180 genera and over 3000 spp., highly developed in the Mediterranean region; certain groups confined to distinct parts of the world, e.g. the (woody) Prostantheroideae in Australia and Tasmania, and Catopherioideae in Central America.

Description: Evergreen trees. Twigs terete to quadrangular, the younger ones mostly with four narrow ribs or wings, with thickened nodes, petiole-bases mostly connected by a faint line. Leaves with minute or rudimentary stipules, opposite, simple, entire, penninerved, shortly petioled, with arched or almost straight nerves mostly anastomosing in a marginal vein. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, sometimes below the leaves, paniculate, copiously branched to extremely depauperate, branched up to the third order, with decussate side axes which are sometimes arranged (sub)- verticillately or subumbellately by contraction, either ending in profuse to very poor racemules, or in cymoid florescences. Bracts mostly small to minute, sometimes with rudimentary stipules. Flowers (very) small, shortly pedicelled, bisexual, sometimes by reduction unisexual and then trees dioecious, actinomorphous, perito epigynous, (4—)5(—6)-isomerous, sometimes with twice the number of stamens; receptacle widely campanulate. Sepals valvate, triangular to deltoid, mostly persistent. Petals more or less rudimentary, sometimes absent, alternisepalous, inserted on the margin of the receptacle, inflexed and enveloping the stamens, valvate, rarely imbricate, sometimes cohering, soon caducous. Stamens if isomerous epipetalous, (alternisepalous), inserted on the margin of the receptacle, inflexed in bud, persistent or caducous; filaments sometimes very short; connective wide, with or without a tendency to conduplication, or completely conduplicate, sometimes with a dorsal tubercle or a large outgrowth; anthers adnate, marginal or submarginal, linear to semiorbicular, lengthwise dehiscent, introrse to latrorse. Ovary superior or inferior, 2—4(—5)-carpellate, 1—6-locular, septs not, or rarely partly, connate; style terminal, rather long to short, ± terete, mostly persistent; stigma capitate or punctate. Ovules situated in horizontal or vertical position, 1, 2, 3, or many per locule, anatropous; placentation parietal, septal, or basal. Fruit superior or ½- or ¾-inferior, a chartaceous or woody capsule, subglobose to ellipsoid, small to big, loculicidally dehiscent with 2-6 valves, on the top often with the persistent style and stigma. Seeds few or many, flat, usually small, depressed-ellipsoid, situated basally, apically, centrally, or laterally in its membranous wing in which the raphe is running freely; endosperm none; embryo straight. Distribution. Pantropical, 5 genera and 11 spp., 3 genera in Indo-Malesia (of which one endemic in Borneo), one monotypic genus in S. Africa (Rhynchocalyx) and one in Peru and Bolivia (Alzatea).

Description: A small family of annual or perennial herbs, all of which are variously adapted for the capture and digestion of small animals (insects, Crustacea, etc.). Only one genus (Utricularia) occurs in Malesia. The family is cosmopolitan, including arctic regions, but is more or less absent from Polynesia. It includes 4 genera with c. 250 spp.

Description: Monoecious or dioecious (?), evergreen, deciduous or semideciduous shrubs or trees, (in Mal.) unarmed and often buttressed. Growth habit (in Mal.) flush-wise, except for Trema and Parasponia. Indumentum of simple, bulbous-based unicellular hairs and/or multicellular glandular hairs. Stipules caducous or rarely rather long persistent and completely enclosing the bud, extrapetiolar or intrapetiolar, basally attached or rarely peltately attached to the nodes, free or connate. Leaves simple, (in Mal.) alternately arranged, petioled, pinnately nerved or triplinerved at base, often asymmetrical at base, entire or variously serrate. Inflorescences 1-manyflowered, ♂, ♀, ♂♀, or axillary, subterminal, or borne on leafless, older branchlets or on short, lateral, leafless new shoots, paniculate, racemose, thyrsoid, cymoid, or rarely capitate, bracteate; bracts minute, caducous. Flowers functionally ♂, ♀, or Flowers solitary or in condensed cymoid clusters along the rachis, sessile or short-pedicelled; perianth (4—)5(—7)-lobed, lobes free or variously connate, imbricate or induplicate-valvate in bud; stamens as many as tepals, attached to the base of and opposite the perianth lobes, straight or incurved in bud; anthers ovoid, ellipsoid or subreniform, apiculate or non-apiculate, initially tetrasporangiate, later becoming 2-celled, dehiscing lengthwise, introrse or extrorse; pistillode present or absent, if present either rather well developed or rudimentary, densely whitish to silvery, soft or hirsute pubescent. — ♀ & ♀ Flowers sessile or stalked, solitary in the axils of the upper new leaves or arranged in various types of inflorescences; perianth herbaceous or thin-coriaceous, (4—)5(—7)-lobed, lobes always imbricate in bud and connate at base, (in Mal.) long persistent; staminodes or stamens as many as perianth lobes or absent; ovary superior, 2-carpellate, (in Mal.) 1-celled, sessile or stipitate; style 1, tubular, short or absent, stigmatic arms 2, slender, often bifid to deeply lobed at the tip, adaxially papillose-stigmatic for their entire length; ovule 1, anatropous to hemi-anatropous, subapical, pendulous, bitegmic. Fruit a drupe or a samara, faintly angular or flat and winged. Seed mostly exalbuminous; embryo large, straight or curved; cotyledons flat-convex, fleshy, straight or variously folded, often foliaceous. Germination mostly epigeal. Distribution. There are 15 genera, c. 200 spp., widely distributed in the tropics, subtropics, and temperate regions of Europe (as far north as 70°, Scandinavia), Africa (South of Sahara), continental Asia, Malesia, Australia (Queensland and New South Wales), Pacific Islands (as far as Tahiti; incl. also Hawaii and the Galapagos Is.), North, Central, and South America (as far south as 40°, Argentina). Fig. 1.

Description: This continuation of the “Check list of European hymenomycetous Heterobasidiae” (published in Persoonia 4: 145-335. 1966) contains supplementary matter as well as corrections. — Ypsilonidium (Donk) Donk is published as a new genus. Two new specific combinations are made with this generic name. — Muribasidiospora Rajendren is at least tentatively reduced to Exobasidium. — Following Parmasto, Exobasidiellum Donk is removed from the Tulasnellales.

Description: The genus Efulensia C. H. Wright comprises two species in Equatorial Africa. One species, E. clematoides C. H. Wright, occurs in lowland forest from southern Nigeria to the eastern Congo basin, a second species, E. montana, here described as new, occurs in a restricted montane area in E. Zaïre and W. Uganda. Genus and species descriptions, synonyms, key to the species, figures, and distribution map.

Description: The discrimination of species in the genus Barteria has become more and more difficult with the increasing number of collections in recent years. To explain his treatment of the genus in the forthcoming 2nd part of the Flacourtiaceae in the ‘Flore d’Afrique Central (Zaire-Rwanda-Burundi)’, the author wants to discuss the diversity of characters found in the Barterias within the said flora, the area of which coincides more or less with the centre of distribution of the genus. The first species was described by Hooker f. under the name of B. nigritana from the coast of S. Nigeria. This species is bound to sandy soils of the beaches, to inner parts of the mangrove vegetation, and to littoral and sublittoral bush or forest, and is known along the coast from S. Nigeria to Fernando Poo, Cameroons, Rio Muni, Gabon, Cabinda, and the most western parts of Congo-Brazzaville and of Zaire. The petioles of B. nigritana are slender, its axillary inflorescences few-flowered.

Description: Monograph: Monachino, Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 133—182. About 40 species, 2 in Central Africa, the others from India to SW. China and through the whole of Malesia till northern Australia, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, the New Hebrides, the Fiji-, Samoa-, Cook-, Society-, and Marquesas Islands.

Description: A taxonomic revision of the Flacourtiaceae of New Caledonia incl. the Loyalty Islands, based mainly on the recently very enriched materials deposited in the Paris Herbarium. This resulted in a total of 53 species, belonging to 4 genera: Casearia, Homalium, Xylosma, and the endemic genus Lasiochlamys; 21 species and 1 variety were described as new and 5 new combinations were made.

Description: Dichelachne was established by Endlicher in 1833 to accomodate a species collected by Ferd. Bauer in Norfolk I. Trinius and Ruprccht (1843) revised the genus, adding 6 more species, referring to previously published names, but giving new names as they had no access to the type materials of these. It has appeared that their specific concept was too narrow and in current literature only 4 species are accepted. This number has been reduced here to 3. Some other species have been placed in this genus now and then, but have proved to belong to different genera, as Deyeuxia, Agrostis, Stipa, and Oryzopsis. This shifting of species between quite different genera reflects the instability of the opinion about the taxonomic place of the genus. Some, as Trinius (1836), Trinius & Ruprecht (1843), F. v. Mueller (1873), and Pilger (1954) have considered it as a Stipea, others such as R. Brown (1810), Bentham (1878), Bentham & Hooker f. (1883), C. E. Hubbard (1934), and Miss Vickery (1961) have regarded it as an Agrostidea. Terrell (1971) placed it, together with Agrostis and Calamagrostis, in the Aveneae because of the presence of liquid endosperm. Although there is an overall resemblance to Stipa, closer inspection shows that it is very closely related to Deyeuxia of the Agrostideae in view of the dorsal, unarticulated, and simple awn, the microscopic, but sometimes well-developed rachilla-process which in Dichelachne crinita sometimes bears up to 3 florets, and the punctiform hilum. The difference with Deyeuxia is very slight, and mainly regards the lenght of the awn and the callus-hairs, as may be observed from the table.

Description: The Royal Dutch Navy participated in the cruises of the Cooperative Investigations in the Caribbean and Adjacent Regions (Cicar) from 1970 up to 1973 with H.Nl.M.S. “Luymes” and made 39 cruises. For general information on these cruises and preliminary results one is referred to the titles in the list of literature marked with a asterisk. Plankton collecting was executed by the ornithologists Drs. S. van Halewijn and Drs. D.M.C. Poppe and when ornithologists were not aboard the crew of the researchship did valuable work by continuing sampling. As plankton samples could in many cases not be correlated with the official Cicar Stations new numbers are added when possible. Confusion of the numbers is impossible as the new numbers are single numbers, the original ones are double numbers separated by a hyphen. The stationlist is divided into two parts, one dealing with the net samples and one with the pump samples. To correlate the net samples with the pump samples, the list of pump samples (numbers starting with a “P”) should be consulted wich gives the correlating net samples also.

Description: Surinam (or Dutch Guiana) lies on the northeastern coast of South America between French Guiana on the east, Guyana on the west, and Brazil on the south. It is roughly rectangular in shape, about 350 kilometers (210 miles) wide by under 400 kilometers (240 miles) from north to south. Most of the country is less than 200 meters (650 feet) in elevation. The mountainous regions lie along the southern border with Brazil, and extend northwesterly into the center of the country, reaching their highest elevation, 1280 meters (4200 feet), at Julianatop in the Wilhelmina Mountains. The country is drained by five major river systems: from east to west they are the Marowijne, the Suriname, the Saramacca, the Coppename, and the Corantijn. Stated succinctly, the climate is hot and humid. The mean temperature along the coast is about 27°C (80°F), with the temperatures rising somewhat just inland of the coast and then moderating in the central highlands. The rainfall along the coast decreases from about 2,440 millimeters (94 inches) at the eastern border to about 1,800 millimeters (70 inches) at the western. The rainfall inland apparently averages somewhat higher, and is probably over 2,500 millimeters (100 inches) in many localities. The rainfall occurs in two maxima, one in May-August and the other in December-January, with the minima in September-October and February. The northeast trade winds prevail over the country (summarized from REED, 1928).

Description: During the period from 10.IV.1969 until 14.IV.1970 an inventory was taken of 9 Millepora-fields and 8 Acropora palmata-fields in shallow water along the southcoast of Curaçao. From these fields all fishes were collected and one specimen of every species of coral. With the aid of a method used in the sociology of plants, the corals of both types of field were compared with each other as regards rate of cover and sociability. The fishes were identified, weighed and measured and the data obtained were then statistically evaluated. A significant difference in cover was found between Millepora in Millepora-fields and Acropora palmata in Acropora palmata-fields. No significant differences were found in cover and sociability of accompanying species of coral occurring in both the Millepora and Acropora palmata-fields. The average number of accompanying species of coral in both types of coral field is equal. No significant differences in composition of species were established for either type of coral field. The number of fishes in Millepora-fields is significantly larger than in Acropora palmata-fields. This can at least partly be explained by the occurrence of many juvenile fishes in Millepora-fields, because there is more shelter and less free flow and swell. The fish biomass per m², however, is about equal for both types of fields, viz. 167 g in Millepora and 157 g in Acropora palmata-fields, and corresponds with the figures given by RANDALL (1963) for two “natural reefs” in Puerto Rico (160 and 158 g/m²). A number of fishes show a striking preference for either Millepora or Acropora palmata-fields. Some species, occurring in both types of coral field, reach a significantly higher mean weight in either Millepora or Acropora palmata-fields. The significantly higher total weight of carnivores in Millepora-fields may correlate with the large numbers of juvenile fishes and crustaceae found in these fields. The higher total weight of zoo-plankton feeders in Acropora palmata-fields might be explained by the stronger free flow and, consequently, the larger supply of plankton in this type of coral field. The low biomass of herbivorous fishes, compared with the results of ODUM & ODUM (1955), RANDALL (1963) and TALBOT (1965), may be caused by the poor algal growth in and around these types of coral field.

Description: This series of papers is based on the Bulimulidae collected by dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK during several trips to the West Indies, and additional material from several museum collections. The species dealt with in this series have previously been treated in part by several authors and in particular monographically by PILSBRY in the Manual of Conchology (second series, vol. 10-12, 14). Thanks to additional information and access to previously unknown type material, it is now possible to present a revision of this family in the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico.

Description: The ascidian fauna of the West Indian region is relatively well known as a result of the work of VAN NAME (1902, 1921, 1930, 1945), BERRILL (1932), MILLAR (1962a) and VAN DER SLOOT (1969). During the past few years one of us has carried out extensive collecting in the coastal waters of Jamaica with a view to preparing a faunistic and ecological account of the ascidians of that island. In the course of this work a number of new species have been discovered, which are the subject of the present paper. In addition we propose that Halocynthia microspinosa (Van Name, 1921) be reinstated.

Description: A new species of the genus Paeonodes Wilson, 1944 (Therodamasidae, Cyclopoida, Copepoda), P. lagunaris, is described from Tilapia melanotheron Rüppel, 1852, of the Sakumo-lagoon, Ghana, Africa. The new species is compared with the hitherto known two species of the genus Paeonodes and the relationship of the genus with euryhaline waters is discussed.