ALBERT

Description: This paper reports a palynological investigation of Lower Triassic rock salt samples from the eastern part of the Netherlands. Bisaccate pollen grains average 99 % in the spore-pollen complexes. Most important constituent is the group of non-striate pollen grains (about 91 %), whereas striate pollen grains occur only in a small number (about 8 %). 19 pollen species are recognized and described, of which 5 are new. Two new genera are described: Eridospollenites and Angustisulcites. The pollen assemblages are compared with Upper Permian and Lower Triassic assemblages from other localities.

Description: Abbayes, H. des: Lichens nouveaux ou intéressants du Vietnam (Rev. Bryol. & Lichénol. 32, 1963, 216-222, 1 pl.). Adams, H.H. & M.A. Reinikka: Calcareous Cypripediums of southern Asia (Orchid.) (Am. Orchid Soc. Bull. 1963, 182-186).

Description: In papers and manuscripts on tropical phytography I find a growing tendency to ”overdo accuracy”, with the negative effect that accuracy is underdone. Tropical phytography operates, of necessity, at a different level of accuracy in details than does temperate botany, because the aim is wider and the materials and field knowledge scantier. But as often has been demonstrated, if the second and third storey are begun before the first storey has been completed, such a wing of the house of science is unfit for inhabitation. I see it therefore as the present task of the tropical botanist to finish the first storey of knowledge, and of accuracy, for all groups. With this in mind, some thought should be given to the following considerations. In the first place there is again a growing custom with several to incorporate so much (often unnecessary or unwanted) detail in descriptions to obscure the important and really distinctive characters. Everybody can understand that, whereas a herbarium botanist may often be very glad to have 30 specimens collected during 150 years, which is a fraction of a fraction of the millions of specimens of the sum of the populations growing in nature during that period, it is a vainless attempt to encompass on the basis of three dozen specimens the complete polymorphism in great detail. If one wants to make such elaborate descriptions, one should split them into a diagnostic description followed by additional measurements and characters of secondary value. This is a compulsory courtesy against those who will consult such elaborate descriptions. With more collections coming in it is clear that there will be always minor deviations from the additional descriptive part, but more rarely in the diagnostic part; in the latter case one is becoming alert.

Description: In chapter VII of his book ”Wanderings in the Great Forests of Borneo” Beccari records his ascent of Mount Poi (Poe, Pueh) in south-western Sarawak, and subsequently Poi has been cited as the type locality for a number of species described from his material. The purpose of this note is to put on record the fact that although Beccari ascended the Poi range, he did not climb Gunong Poi, as that name is used on modern maps, but a more south-easterly peak in the range, Gunong Berumput (Gunong Rumput). In August 1962 I collected on Gunong Beruraput with my colleague P.J.B. Woods: the choice of this peak rather than Gunong Poi itself was made on the advice of Mr B.E. Smythies, Conservator of Forests, who said he thought we should find it more interesting. On returning home I re-read Beccari’s book and realized immediately that we had virtually followed in his footsteps.

Description: Professor and Mrs Ernst Abbe spent May-August 1964 in Sarawak, making intensive collections of developing inflorescences of Fagaceae for morphological studies. Mr N. G. Bisset of Kuala Lumpur visited Sabah and Sarawak from April to July 1964. On several trips he collected resin samples of Dipterocarpaceae, and leaf and bark samples of Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Simaroubaceae, Gnetum, Gleichenia, Apocynaceae, Strychnos, Icacinaceae, and others, all for phytochemical investigation.

Description: Previous to the 4th UNESCO Expedition, Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium made three trips together with Mr Tem Smitinand, first to Doi Chiengdao and Doi Suthep in the North (Aug. 15-21, 1963), then to the Khao Yai National Park in Central Siam (Aug. 28-29), then to Pha Nok Khao and Phu Krading South of Loie in NE. Siam (Sept. 8-11). The 4th UNESCO Training Expedition was conducted by Mr Tem Smitinand of the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, and Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium, the latter serving as only instructor. The 10 participants, from Vietnam (1), the Philippines (1), Malaya (2), Singapore (1), Indonesia (2) and Thailand (3) started from a base camp 44 km from the highway from Suratthani to Takuapa in the Peninsula on Sept. 19, 1963. They investigated the flora of 7 limestone hills in the region: Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Lek, Khao Wong, Khao Ne Dang, Khao Pak Chawng, Khao Lang Tao, Khao Dai Kuad, ranging in altitude from 180 to 500 m. Each of these hills had a few peculiar species which were not found on the other hills, although in general the flora, especially in the lower slopes, was the same; 156 herbarium numbers with duplicates were here collected.

Description: From the ”Procèes-Verbaux des Séances de l’Académie tenues depuis la fondation de l’Institut jusqu’au mois d’août 1835. Publ. conf. à une décision de l’Académie par M.M. les secrétaires perpétuels. Tomes 1-10, 1910-1922”, several publication dates of the parts of French works could be stated with more certainty. It is a pity, however, that no information whatsoever is given on the contents of the publications (i.c. fascicles). Bélanger, Ch. P., Voyage aux Indes-Orientales, etc. 1825-29. Botanique I. Phanérogames-Botanique II. Cryptogamie.

Description: The first concept of the genus Crateva was published by Linnaeus, Gen. Pl. ed. 1 (1737) 113 (n.v.). Presumably there is little difference with the text in the Hortus Cliffortianus (1738) 484. The protologue (here abbreviated and translated from the latter work) contains the following elements.

Description: In Band V dieser Schriftenfolge, Seite 85—103, habe ich im Rahmen der Gyriniden-Fauna von Gesamt-Guiana die Taumelkäfer von Suriname erstmals im Zusammenhang behandelt. Dort finden sich auch die wichtigsten Literaturhinweise, weshalb auf deren Wiederholung in dieser Arbeit verzichtet wurde. Inzwischen wurden mir durch Dr D. C. GEIJSKES die Gyriniden des von ihm verwalteten “Stichting Surinaams Museum” in Paramaribo zu Bearbeitung anvertraut, welches Material weitere interessante Aufschlüsse in Hinsicht auf die bereits bekannten Arten ergab und zur Entdeckung von 3 bisher unbekannten Species führte. Hierdurch — und durch den Nachweis von G. pescheti, Nennform, bisher nur aus Franz. Guiana bekannt — erhöht sich die Anzahl der bis heute in Suriname festgestellten Formen auf 11.

Description: The genus Aphylla was proposed by DE SELYS in 1854, when he divided the Gomphoides Complex into the three genera Gomphoides, Aphylla and Cyclophylla (= Phyllocycla; Zoologica 33, Part 2, p. 62, 1948, Cyclophylla preoccupied). However, the differentiating venational characters drawn up by DE SELYS (1854), by DE SELYSHAGEN (1858), and by NEEDHAM (1940) for the genera Aphylla and Phyllocycla are not sharp, as was discussed by CALVERT in his description of Aphylla alia from Kartabo (Zoologica 33, part 2, p. 66-67, 1948). The males of the Surinam dragon flies which have been referred to the genus Aphylla differ from Phyllocycla in that the postero-lateral angles of the tenth abdominal segment are prolonged in a sharp point; the lateral margins of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments are not leaf-like but extremely reduced, to narrow strips; and the distal portion of vein A2 is not strongly convergent with vein A3 but diverges somewhat from it and from vein A1. I believe that these characters place beyond doubt the generic status of the Surinam material in question, which is represented in my collection by adults of three species. Of these species, one is Aphylla producta Selys 1854, already recorded as occurring in Surinam and one is the little known species Aphylla dentata Selys 1859, which has not previously been recorded from this country. The third species is closely allied to the latter and is apparently new; in the present paper it is described under the specific name simulata.

Description: Les Pénicillates de la famille des Lophoproctidés ont été signalés de plusieurs Antilles, de Trinidad et de la côte vénézuélienne. Abondants à la Jamaïque (matériaux inédits de P. F. BELLINGER, ils sont seuls représentés dans les récoltes faites au Surinam par le Dr. J. VAN DER DRIFT et nous en possédons aussi un exemplaire du Guatemala. La première mention est dûe à POCOCK (1894) qui décrit son Polyxenus longisetis de Moustique et St.-Vincent (petites Antilles du Vent). La diagnose est très sommaire et LOOMIS (1934 b), se fondant sur la grande longueur des antennes, suggère que l’espèce aurait dû être placée dans le genre Lophoproctus; auparavant (1934 a), LOOMIS avait rapporté à longisetis des spécimens de Cuba (Jatibonico) et de St.-Kitts (= St.-Christophe, petite Antille du Vent située au Nord du groupe), aveugles et pourvus d’antennes lophoproctidiennes. SILVESTRI (1903) décrit sommairement son Lophoproctus obscuriseta du Venezuela (Caracas).

Description: During the field season of 1956 and 1957, an area in the NW part of the province la La Coruña was investigated. On the north the area is bounded by the Atlantic ocean, its southern boundary is formed by the roads: Beo-Malpica and Malpica-Buño. The Monte Neme forms the eastern limit of the mapped area. Formerly this area has been studied by Professor I. Parga-Pondal and L.T. Schoon. The results of these investigations served as a basis for this study. Along the coast a well exposed complete cross section through the Central complex can be studied. A part of the Lage formation is exposed at the ends of the cross section, viz. the augengneisses of the Cabo de San Adrian in the west and the migmatites of the Monte Neme in the east. Special attention has been paid to the basic intercalations, which frequently occur in the rocks of the Central complex. The characteristics of these intercalations served to elucidate the metamorphic history of the region. Their sensitivity to changes in temperature and pressure make them a much better metamorphic indicator, especially in microscopic study, than the acid rocks. The mineralogical composition of the latter is hardly affected by metamorphism; its main influence being apparent in structural changes of these rocks.

Description: The pollen content of bore-hole samples and mine sections from the coast and from the bauxite belt of British Guiana has been studied. The pollen zonation is shown in fig. 6 and diagram IV. The description of the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary pollen species is partly given in this article and partly in Van der Hammen, 1963; the Paleocene and Eocene species will be described in Leidelmeyer, 1965. The general picture obtained for the Guiana Basin, is summarized in three sections, one along the coast (fig. 18), one parallel to the Demerara River (fig. 24) and one parallel to the Berbice (fig. 25). The more detailed interpretation and correlation of the two deep coastal wells of Rose Hall and Shelter Belt is given in fig. 5. The situation in the bauxite areas is shown in fig. 17 and 20. The age of the bauxite (in the interval Lower Eocene to Lower Oligocene) corresponds to a hiatus in the coastal wells. Surprising is the thick Upper Cretaceous (Maestrichtian) basal infill of the basin. The dating and correlation of the Cretaceous and Tertiary formations of British Guiana is summarized in a stratigraphical table (fig. 26).

Description: This paper deals with the sedimentary structures and sedimentary petrography of the four lowermost formations of the Paleozoic as developed in the Northern part of the Province of León (Cantabrian Mountains, Spain). Three of the four formations have a detrital character, and one consists of dolomites and limestones. Mineralogically, the detrital formations are mature. Consequently the differences are small, but diagnostic. The source rocks will have been non-sedimentary. The Herreria Sandstone Formation is the oldest formation. Only its upper 200 metres are described here. This part consists of medium-grained quartzites with intercalations of shales, coarse quartzites, and conglomeratic beds. The detrital quartzes contain various kinds of inclusions and are often composite. Microcline, the common feldspar, is often kaolinized. Both minerals are secondarily enlarged. The source of the secondary quartz is duscussed; this quartz is held to have been supplied partially, and precipitated, form formational waters. The latter have the tendency to increase salinity, which lowers the silica solubility. The layers show predominantly a parallel lamination, but cross-lamination occurs as well. In two parts of the sequence the layers are wedge-shaped. The depositional environment is assumed to have been shallow, near the shore, with fluviatile influences. The Laucara Dolomite Formation can be subdivided into Dolomite s.l. and Griotte. The Lancara Dolomite s.l. contains dolomites, limestones, oolitic limestones, and breccias. The diagenetic process of grain growth transformed the original detrital texture of the limestones and dolomites. Dolomitization is assumed to have been postdepositional. Recrystallization due to mechanical stresses occurs as well. The oolitic limestones too are built up of various types of calcite in a textural sense. The time-relations between these types is discussed. These limestones contain authigenic quartzes, indicating high salinity of the environment. The Lancara Griotte consists of nodular limestones and shale layers with limestone nodules. The limestones are detrital in origin. The origin of the griotte is discussed: it is attributed to solutional processes. The depositional environment of the Lancara Dolomites s.l. is thought to be comparable to the recent Bahama Bank deposits. That of the Griotte is less distinct, but must have been shallow neritic. The red colour of the griotte may point to a warm, humid climate. The Oville Sandstone Formation is characterized by its clayey nature, high lime content, and the authigenic mineral glauconite. The micas show replacement by carbonates, a relatively unknown process. The origin and source of the glauconite is dealt with: cryptocrystalline aggregates are thought to have initially been clay, while the crystalline glauconites are altered micas. Of special interest are the slump structures. Since they are the result of a thixotropic behaviour of the sediments some rheological principles are briefly reviewed. It is also stated that internal slumping and convolute laminations are related in the sense that both are expressions of a false-body thixotropic state of the sediment. Such a state is to be expected within a certain range of moisture content: internal slumping occurs at the lowest values, convolute lamination at the highest values of the range. However, convolute lamination is observed more commonly in turbidity deposits because such deposits settle at higher rates than other sediments, consequently their moisture contents must have been higher. In this thin-bedded complex, parallel lamination dominates but small-scale cross-lamination is also present. Other sedimentary structures observed are load casts, pseudo-nodules and “Linsen” structures. The depositional environment is held to have been deltaic i.e. the formation represents a chain of deltas. The Barrios Quartzite Formation consists of quartzites with few shale beds and locally a conglomerate. The quartzes are limpid and do not contain inclusions. Composite grains are scarce. Feldspars are not kaolinized, only sericitized. The occurrence of the mica phengite is diagnostic. Most of the beds are wedge-shaped, which gives the formation a special appearance. Most beds have an slightly inclined lamination. Like the Oville deposits the Barrios sands are held to be deposits of a deltaic environment.

Description: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND GEOMORPHOLOGY OF EL BIERZO (NW SPAIN) The purpose of this investigation was to study sedimentation in an intramontane basin in its relation to the relief of the surrounding mountain area. El Bierzo, an intramontane basin in NE Spain, is partly filled by continental Tertiary sediments whose age is thought to be Vindobonian on the basis of comparison with those of the Duero basin. These deposits were analysed by sedimentological methods: determination of grain-size, grain roundness, pebble composition, mineralogy of the light and heavy fractions and of the clays (by x-ray). In some places the Tertiairy deposits overlie deeply weathered Paleozoic rocks, considered to be the C-horizon of paleosols of Tertiary age from which the red and more clayey A and B zones have disappeared. The latter, together with unweathered rocks, are thought to be the source material of the Tertiary beds. Five different facies have been distinguished in the Miocene deposits. In the SW there are red-brown conglomerates with pebbles consisting partially of shale (Las Médulas facies). The main mass of the basin sediments are mostly silts and clayey silts with some gravels, the sandy fractions again consisting mainly of shale fragments (Santalla facies). These deposits are therefore thought to derive from the the same source as those of Las Médulas and to represent the finer fractions which were transported farther. Near the borders of the basin there are some local grey calcareous deposits containing breccias that are assumed to have been formed near faults (Vega de Espinareda facies). On top of the beds in the Santalla facies there are again local conglomerates of a more yellow colour (Fresnedo facies). The Astorga-facies, lastly, forms a transition to the deposits of the Duero basin in the E; it contains red conglomerates as well as sands and silts. Among the clay minerals, illite usually predominates as in the source rocks, but in the stagnant waters of the basin centre montmorillonite was formed as well. Towards the E there is an increasing kaolinite content, and in one case a considerable amount of attapulgite was found. The heavy minerals are for the most part the common resistant species, with the addition of anatase (which occurs in lateritic soils) in the Astorga facies. These facts suggest that the Tertiary soil-forming processes were more intense (i.e. lateritic in type) in the eastern part than in the Bierzo basin proper. Sedimentation started when some parts of the Miocene relief, covered by a thick soil, began to rise and were partly eroded, and others subsided so as to form an area of sedimentation. Remains of the Early Miocene topography are preserved in various places as surfaces with low relief on which remainders of Tertiary deposits and deep weathering are found. The most important of these is the Brañuelas surface, a plateau separating the Bierzo from the Duero basin. This plateau must once have been covered by Miocene sediments, which means that the deposits of both areas were connected and that drainage took place towards the E. After the tectonic movements that affected the Bierzo basin towards the end of the Miocene, the connection was severed and the drainage direction was reversed to the W. Later, probably during the Villafranchian, pediments on the lower slopes of the uplifted mountain masses were covered by thin angular gravels(raña’s) and fanglomerates, and the erosion surfaces were remodelled. During the remainder of the Quaternary, five terrace levels were formed in the easily erocable deposits of the Bierzo, and the partial evacuation of the basin deposits was accomplished.

Description: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages ²). Zehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on ”De riet-schorskever” (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER’S volume on „De dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten” (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Description: Woutera Sophie Suzanna van Benthem Jutting was born 6th February 1899 in Batavia, Island of Java, Netherlands Indies (now Djakarta, Djawa, Indonesia) from Dutch parents. Her father, Wouter Christiaan LL.D. (Leiden), then a member of the High Court of Justice in Batavia, had served his entire career in the Netherlands Indies. Her mother, Sophie Henriëtte Aegidia Bosch, was the daughter of a high-ranking civil officer in the Dutch colonial government. Tera’s father retired in 1900 and returned with his family to the Netherlands, settling first at Nijmegen and later at Heemstede near Haarlem. There, in 1915, Tera’s mother died from tropical spruw, then nearly always fatal. Her father died at Haarlem in 1933. From 1911 until 1916 Tera attended the secondary school for girls in Haarlem. Here she learnt very well modern languages and literature (Dutch, French, English, and German), political history and the history of art. The natural history lessons had her lively interest, and, having finished school, she wished to study biology at University level. Her father, however, did not consider that this could help a woman to gain financial independence and advised her to take up teaching. Tera followed her father’s advice and after nearly two years study she passed the required examinations, qualifying 30th April 1918 as a primary school teacher. She then decided to follow her preference for biology.

Description: The chromosome numbers of 11 species, belonging to different families, are listed in this paper. The materials, kindly supplied by Dr. K. U. Kramer and W. H. A. Hekking, and by Dr. W. A. E. van Donselaar-ten Bokkel Huinink, were collected during their stay in Surinam, in 1960/1961 and 1958/1959 respectively. The chromosome counts are based on the study of roottip-mitoses. The roots were fixed in Karpechenko, embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 15 µ, and stained according to Heidenhain’s haematoxylin method. The species are listed in the table.

Description: It is a well-known saying that first brains should come, then books, then bricks. As for Malesian botany, emphasis lies for a moment clearly on bricks. But however useful they are, and coming first in abundance at that, we firmly keep our conviction that they come last in importance. Much as we enjoy the building activities which are going on in botanical institutes, yet we will review the main events of the year in the rightful order. BRAINS. We lost two of our outstanding colleagues and friends, first died Dr Ch. Baehni, who in his capacity as the Director of the Geneva Herbarium, has done much to support and cooperate with our enterprise. Later died Dr K.B. Boedijn, one of the prominent members of a generation of mycologists who still had a comprehensive knowledge of fungus genera. This was why he was able to produce publications (of high quality) on so many different groups. After many years at the Bogor Herbarium, he kept until the last in close touch with the Rijksherbarium and flora Malesiana. We lost also Dr E.B. Copeland, to most botanists mostly known for his epoch-making work on ferns, and his account of the Philippine flora in particular. In addition he published in his Philippine period on fungi, plant physiology, rice, etc. He died at high age in California, where, after his Philippine period, he was at the Botany Department of Berkeley.

Description: Gazetteer to the Philippine Road map, compiled by M.Jacobs. Reprints of precursory papers, as far as available.

Description: Anacardiaceae. At the Rijksherbarium, Dr Ding Hou started the Flora Malesiana revision of this large and difficult family. Aquifoliaceae. At Harvard, Miss Dr H. H. Hu is revising Ilex.

Description: The genus Thuemenella Penz. & Sacc. is revised. The new combinations T. bicolor (Ell. & Ev.) Boedijn, T. cubispora (Ell. & Holw.) Boedijn, T. hirsuta (Ell. & Ev.) Boedijn and the new species T. hexaspora Boedijn are proposed. Descriptions are given of the families Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae. The genera of the former family are briefly discussed.

Description: The nomenclature of the perfect and imperfect stages of Mycosphaerella brassicicola (Duby) Lind. and Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & De Not. is discussed. The imperfect stages of these two parasites of Brassica spp. are often confused. Mycosphaerella brassicicola has a spermagonial stage with the characters of the form-genus Asteromella Pass. & Thüm. In phytopathological literature it is incorrectly known as a Phyllosticta species: P. brassicicola McAlp. A new combination for this stage is proposed: Asteromella brassicae (Chev.) Boerema & van Kesteren. The pycnidial stage of L. maculans is known in phytopathological literature as Phoma lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Desm. Its characters, however, are quite different from those of the type-species of the form-genus Phoma Sacc. As it agrees with the type-species of the form-genus Plenodomus Preuss, it is concluded that the correct name is Plenodomus lingam (Tode ex Fr.) Höhn.

Description: The present account of this genus follows the lines of that adopted for Flora Malesiana (ser. 11, 1, part 2, 1963). While studying Malesian species, I examined the types of those in neighbouring regions, to discover to what extent Malesian species were distributed further to the East and South-east. I found very few species with such extended distribution, but it was evident that the species of Australasia and the Pacific are closely related to those of Malesia. There has been no attempt at a full comparative survey of all the species of Cyathea over this vast area since Hooker and Baker’s Synopsis Filicum (2nd edition, 1874). Later accounts have been very summary, or confined to limited parts of the region, and there has been inconsistency as between dilferent accounts in the interpretation of some specific names, especially those originating with Forster. I have now examined type material of almost all species, and hope that I have resolved most of the discrepancies of interpretation. A few new species are also here described. Though the scales of the stipe provide characters by which any species may be placed in its subgenus, other characters are usually necessary for distinguishing individual species. Working from herbarium specimens, I find that the only way to distinguish clearly between species is to examine both indusia (if any) and scales on the lower surface of leaflets with a binocular dissecting microscope at a magnification of 25, and in the descriptions I have attempted to state concisely the distinctive characters of scales and indusia thus seen. The only previous authors who described scales at all carefully were Mettenius and Christensen. The indusia need even more careful examination than the scales. Some which have been described as cup-shaped are in fact hood-shaped, being open on the side towards the margin of the leaflet (e.g. C. cunninghamii); at the other extreme are indusia so small that they are covered by the ripe sporangia and so have sometimes been overlooked (e.g. in C. decurrens).

Description: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12—14 species in all. Of the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker ƒ.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides. Chapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa. Starting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation. It is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia. An index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun’s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Description: A study of the taxonomy and chorology of the Bulgarian species of Euphorbia has led me to consider their phytogeography; this entailed a closer view on the main features of florogenesis and distribution of subg. Esula in Europe. There are two problems concerned, viz. the origin of the two sections Tulocarpa (Raf.) Prokh. and Murtekias Prokh. which contain the most primitive and ancient species of the subg. Esula and furthermore a consideration of their mutual relationships and the main trends of their evolution within the subgenus. The data on the distribution of the species examined in the present paper have been taken from the works of Boissier (1862, 1879), Halacsy (1904), Fiori (1925), Hegi (1925), Hayek (1927), Eig (1932), Prokhanov (1933, 1949), Ade & Rechinger (1938), Rechinger (1938,1943, 1952, 1960), Czeczott (1939), Losa Espagna (1946), Diapoulis (1948), Prodan (1953), Vindt (1953), and Köie & Rechinger (1954/55).

Description: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3—5 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5—)5—7 cm longa, 6—10 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4—6 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2—4(—6) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6—10 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12—15 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2—2.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6—7 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3—3.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8—10 mm longo, glabro. NEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Description: Recently Dr. I. KRISTENSEN, Director of the Caribbean Marine-Biological Institute at Curaçao, kindly donated to the Leiden Natural History Museum a small collection of fishes he collected during a 1961 visit to Trinidad. These specimens proved to be of considerable interest, providing new distributional data and even including two species not listed in my previous review of the freshwater fishes of the island (1960), and induced me to prepare the present paper. The opportunity has been taken in this paper to correct some errors and omissions in the review. The species discussed here are numbered in accordance with my 1960 enumeration, the numbers 2a and 68a being additions.

Description: The area investigated comprises a 5 miles broad E-W belt mainly through the group of rocks called ”Complejo Antiguo” by professor Parga-Pondal (1956). The section runs roughly from the village of Lage on the west coast eastwards towards Carballo. The object was to detect the various relationships between the rocks of this group; more especially it is an attempt to elucidate the metamorphic history of this so-called Ancient complex in terms of a scheme of syn-, late- and post-kinematic metamorphic events.

Description: In the Lower Palaeozoic where true palynological microfossils become rare, much use can be made of other acid-resistant microfossils such as acritarchs and chitinozoans. This study gives some of the results of an investigation on the presence of acritarchs and chitinozoans in three essentially Lower Palaeozoic formations of the Province of León in northwest Spain, viz. the Formigoso, the San Pedro, and the La Vid Formations. They range from Upper Llandoverian to the middle part of the Emsian. The techniques used to prepare the samples are discussed. The vertical distribution of the most common acritarchs and chitinozoans in the region investigated are given, as well as the changes of frequency in the associations of some selected groups of acritarchs from a number of sections of the San Pedro and the La Vid Formations. Most formgroups show characteristic changes of frequency providing the possibility of detailed correlation within the formations. The most common forms of acritarchs and chitinozoans used for correlation purposes are described. A list of species may be found on pages 280 and 337. Most of these forms had not yet been recorded.

Description: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Description: This paper deals with the results of a microscopical analysis of the lignites of the miocene browncoal from the quarry “Anna” in the south of Limburg (Netherlands). They appeared to consist of 14 wood species, distributed over Conifers (6). Monocotyledons (1) and Dicotyledons (7). Four dicotyledonous woods were found for the first time and described here. Some conclusions about vegetation and climate are added.

Description: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham’s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. Müll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. Müll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Description: In this investigation special attention was paid to phytosociological aspects. The period in which the layers were formed could be dated as extending from the beginning of the Atlanticum to the present day. Radio-carbon dating is necessary, however, in order to obtain more precise results. It is not excluded that transgressions have influenced the succession. More investigations are necessary to complete our image of the holocene development of this area.

Description: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a “U”), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Description: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens. The specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister “as so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety”. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary’s type specimen in the Rabenhorst “Fungi Europaei” collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 µ in diam., and not 8—9 µ, as they are said to be in Massee’s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 µ), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as “sometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base”; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Description: De Candolle (1830) divided the genus Campanula into two large sections on basis of the presence or absence of calyx-appendages between the calyx-lobes. Boissier (1875) attached great value to the mode of dehiscence of the capsule, and divided the genus into two sections. None of the existing classifications seems to be a natural one. As cytological investigations and crossing experiments might give valuable information for a natural classification, it was decided to investigate: a. The classification of the species within the genus Campanula based on morphological, cytological, and genetic data. b. The variability of a number of species, based on cytological investigations and growing experiments carried out under uniform conditions. In Chapter I a survey is given of the most important literature on the classification of the genus Campanula. The cytological data, hitherto published, are listed in Chapter II. 77 species were studied cytologically, the chromosome numbers of plants of 729 different localities were counted. At the end of Chapter II some drawings of the somatic chromosomes of a number of species are given. The integration of cytological and morphological data is given in Chapter III. It appeared that, beside some rare chromosome numbers (2n = 24, 26, 28, 36, 56, 58), also some cytological series exist, each of which has its own basic number: x = 8, 10, 15, 17. Within each series the species usually show a great morphological resemblance. Also species studied by other authors show a combination of morphological and cytological characters corresponding with the correlations in the species which were studied by the present author. There are many reasons justifying the supposition that Sugiura, who reported many chromosome numbers, did not correctly identify the plants on which the chromosome count was based. In Chapter IV a survey of the results of the crossing experiments is given. The features pointing to relationship (dealt with in Chapter III) were tested by the crossing experiments. Some species with basal and apical dehiscence of the fruit are crossable. Hybrids were obtained from crosses between some species with and without calyx-appendages. Species belonging to different subsections of Fedorov’s system turned out to be crossable. In view of these facts the classifications given by de Candolle, Boissier and Fedorov cannot be regarded as natural. With the exception of species belonging to the x = 15- and the x = 17-series it was impossible to cross species belonging to different cytological series. From the selfpollination experiments the conclusion may be drawn that self-fertilization is a rarely occurring phenomenon in the genus Campanula. Most species investigated turned out to be self-sterile. Insect pollination is the rule, self-pollination the exception. As only 40-50 % of the total number of species of the genus Campanula have been investigated cytologically as well as morphologically, only a provisional division of the genus Campanula into a number of groups was given (Chapter V). These 7 groups are regarded as natural, but neither their interrelationship nor the relation of some of these groups to other genera of the family Campanulaceae is clear yet. At the end of Chapter V theories on the evolution of the chromosome numbers are discussed. The author gives an opinion differing from the one given by Böcher on the origin of some chromosome numbers. In Chapter VI a survey is given of the results of experimental cultivations of a great number of plants of 9 polymorphic species.

Description: The genus Pandanus is a very large one, now with 654 accepted species, and many more are being discovered. It occurs in the tropics from Hawaii to West Africa, and Malesia is especially rich in species. As many herbaria contain a large percentage of specimens so incomplete that they are unidentifiable and worthless, instructions for collecting are desirable.

Description: Baas Becking, L. G. M. (1895-1962) V.J. Koningsberger, Jaarb. Ned. Ak. Wet. (1962-1963) 1-7 + portr. Backer, C. A. (1874-1963)

Description: The composition of the 2nd part of this work corresponds to that of the 1st, but, because it deals with only one class, the Monocotyledons, the whole could be more homogeneous. The Monocotyledons are systematically and anatomically less profoundly examined than the Conifers and the Dicotyledons, and for that reason it might be expected that phytochemistry could offer more often a solution in difficult taxonomical questions than in the above mentioned taxa. Unfortunately the phytochemical knowledge of the ca. 40 families of Monocotyledons has appeared to be so scant that it was impossible to base a comparison of the taxa on the chemical constituents. Only in a few cases there appeared to be clear chemical relations or differences, e.g. in the taxa of the Liliaceae – Amaryllidaceae complex. As in the first part of this book the author followed the view of Von Wettstein regarding the circumscription of the families, except for instances where chemistry favoured the splitting into smaller ones, as one can find so often in Hutchinson’s “Families of Flowering Plants”. For this reason Von Wettstein’s large families in the Helobiae have been accepted against the smaller concepts in this group by Hutchinson; reversely, Hutchinson has partly been followed in that the Liliaceae-Dracaenoideae together with the Amaryllidaceae-Agavoideae, occur combined as Agavaceae. Subfam. Amaryllidoideae (Allioideae excepted) has been considered as a separate family Amaryllidaceae, because of the occurrence of alkaloids in this group and the total absence of this constituent in the other taxa of the former Amaryllidaceae s.l.

Description: Among recent collections from the evergreen forests of Mysore State in southern India, material was found of Capparis cleghornii Dunn which had only been known from the original collection made by Cleghorn in 1846 and from a Stocks specimen from “Kanara”. Further scrutiny of fresh collections from the type locality established the identity. Mr M. Jacobs of the Rijksherbarium, Leyden, who is engaged in a study of die genus, informed us that little material was known and that he never had seen a fruit. The original description by Dunn is quite brief. A more detailed description is given below, based on living material which accounts for the larger sizes of the parts than are found in dried specimens. A considerable amount of collections have been made and a number of duplicates have recendy been distributed to the Herbaria at Kew, Leyden, Paris, Berlin, and Geneva. Capparis cleghornii Dunn, Kew Bull. (1916) 61, descr.; in Gamble, Fl. Madras 1 (1915) 46, nomen; Blatter, J. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. 31 (1927) 905. — Fig. 1.

Description: The species numbers refer to those given in the author’s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Description: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1½ cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. ¾ cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5½-7 cm longa, 2½—3 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10—12 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2½ mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus ¾ mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus. BORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Description: Through the kindness of Dr. P. WAGENAAR HUMMELINCK the author was enabled to study a number of samples from localities in the tidal zone of several West Indian islands. Previously, by courtesy of Dr. T. MORTENSEN, abundant material from some deepwater samples collected off Santa Cruz, Virgin Islands, could be studied, the foraminifera dentata of which were described in 1956. The latter material mainly consisted of dredged samples from a depth of 500 fathoms (17.5°N and 64°W), and contained a typical deep-sea fauna. Comparison of MORTENSEN’s and HUMMELINCK’s samples shows marked differences; these may be of importance, as the deep-sea samples and the shallow-water samples are from the same Caribbean area.

Description: About the middle of the eighteenth century, the question whether the corals originally known only from collections of curiosities were animal, vegetable, or mineral was definitely decided in favour of the first of these categories (MARSILLI 1786). During the second half of the eighteenth and the entire following century, the former Lithophyta, as a subdivision of the Anthozoa, were an object of study for anatomists, taxonomists and, particularly in the nineteenth century, palaeontologists.

Description: Since the first “Additions and Emendations” (Acta Bot. Neerl. 11: 35-36, 1962) to my “List of Myxomycetes collected in the Netherlands” (Acta Bot. Neerl. 10: 80-98, 1961) were published, further study and collecting have necessitated some more changes.

Description: From soil analyses it appears that Centaurium littorale grows in a saline habitat. From the ecological viewpoint Centaurium littorale is a halophyte. This agrees with information in the literature. The salt concentration fluctuates. In spring low concentrations occur. This is important for the germination of Centaurium littorale. From a field experiment it appeared that rosette-plants of Centaurium littorale can withstand high concentrations of NaCl, but that seedlings die under such conditions.

Description: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society’s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society’s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors. Pacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Description: Brenan, J.P.M.: The value of Floras to underdeveloped countries (Impact 13, 1963, 122-246). An excellent justification of the composition of tropical Floras with special stress on their usefulness for mankind. This essay should be in the hands of all administrators in these countries, for the matter and its presentation is easily understandable to educated non-botanists. It appears to me that the use for scientific botany, taxonomy and plant geography should have had more attention; in these more pure branches of botany, underdeveloped countries should also have their share. -- v. St.

Description: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced. Such a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Description: Among the Nyctaginaceae the genus Pisonia is the only one that has produced an appreciable number of species outside the New World. Some of these have very wide areas in the Pacific and along the borders of the Indian Ocean, others occupy smaller areas, mostly m eastern Malesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. In Australia there are three species, in the north the circumtropical P. aculeata L., in the north and east P. umbellifera Seem, and P. grandis R. Br. In Africa there is only one circumtropical species in the eastern coastal parts, viz. P. aculeata L., further in the Malesian area two widely distributed Old World species, viz. P. umbellifera Seem, and P. grandis R. Br. occur. This revision contains a brief taxonomic discussion of the infrageneric subdivision. Calpidia, Ceodes, and Rockia are merged with Pisonia. In all 13 species are distinguished, for which keys, synonymy, and typification are provided. Of the five extra-Malesian species a description is given. Four new combinations have been made. I have to express my thanks to the Directors of the Herbaria at Florence, Paris, Singapore, Utrecht, and the Curator of Collections, Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, for the privilege of examining their collections. Besides, I have to thank Dr R. Melville of Kew and Dr H. Heine of Paris, for providing valuable information, to Mr M. Jacobs for considerable help and criticism, and to Dr van Steenis for supervising and editing this work.

Description: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458. As the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Description: 1. The genus Didelotia Baill. occurs in W. and Central Africa (Sierra Leone to Congo). Here 8 species are recognized. 2. The monotypic genera Toubaouate Aubrev. et Pellegr. and Zingania Chev. remain incorporated in Didelotia. 3. A new species, D. idae Leon., Old. & de Wit is described. 4. A key to the species is given; they are described, annotated, and illustrated.

Description: Single female specimens of dragon flies are often difficult to identify owing to the fact that, when they are known at all, the descriptions are incomplete and mostly lack the essential figure of the genitalia. The following are descriptions of the unknown females of five species, the males of which have been known for the last eighteen to fifty years. They are all complete with figures of the genitalia. The material from which the descriptions have been made has been accumulated during many years of collecting. I am indebted to Mr. J. BELLE, Paramaribo, who was kind enough to place at my disposal, for description, some of the unknown females collected by himself.

Description: In the course of my researches in Surinam a species of Rhodopygia was often collected, the specimens of which answered fairly closely to Dr. F. RIS’s description of Rhodopygia hollandi in the Libellulinae of the DE SELYS collection. However, after studying PH. P. CALVERT’s original description of the species in the Biologia Centrali-Americana (1911, Odonata, p. 318—319, tab. 9, fig. 54) I found my species to be manifestly different in kind from Rhodopygia hollandi, and hence the determination with the aid of RIS’s Libellulinae was incorrect.

Description: La collection de Collemboles rapportée de la Guyane Hollandaise par notre Collègue Monsieur J. VAN DER DRIFT est relativement importante. Toutefois elle ne comprend que 5 espèces de Collemboles Symphypléones qui seront étudiées ici. La présente étude permettra de constater à quel point cette faune est originale et combien il serait intéressant de mieux connaître la faune tropicale de l’Amérique méridionale.

Description: The area to be discussed is bounded N and W by the Atlantic Ocean; in the S it reaches as far as the Rio Allones; its eastern boundary is formed by the Malpica-Buño and Buño-Agualada roads. For mapping sheets 43 and 44, Lage and Carballo respectively, of the Spanish 1 : 50.000 topographic maps were used.

Description: In 1898 a shot-hole borer, identified as X. perforans (Woll.) appeared in an experimental plantation of sugar-cane varieties at Kagok, near Tegal, West Java. Zehntner, the Swiss entomologist on the staff of the Sugar-cane Experimental Station at Kagok, used the opportunity to study the borer extensively in the laboratory as well as in the field. The borer was already notorious at the time by its boring into the bung and staves of wine-casks in Madeira and beercasks in India, which caused leakages \xc2\xb2).\nZehntner published the very important results of his investigations in an extensive paper written for the planters in the Dutch language, in 1900. A summary of this paper on \xe2\x80\x9dDe riet-schorskever\xe2\x80\x9d (the cane bark-borer) was inserted in an annual report for 1900. An excerpt of the paper, quoting some parts verbatim but wanting several of the most interesting biological details, appeared in 1906 in VAN DEVENTER\xe2\x80\x99S volume on \xe2\x80\x9eDe dierlijke vijanden van het suikerriet en hunne parasieten\xe2\x80\x9d (= The enemies of sugar-cane and their parasites).

Description: A supplementary survey is given of endo- and ectoparasites collected from wild mammals in the Netherlands.

Description: A.\nGENERAL REMARKS\nDuring three years 4500 reports of whales sighted from Netherlands ships were collected, bearing on approximately 11.000 individual animals. Most of the observations were made in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean. It was supposed that the species could be determined with a fairly high degree of reliability in the case of Humpback Whales, Sperm Whales and Right Whales. No distinction could be made between Blue, Fin, Sei and Bryde Whales. They were collected under the heading Rorquals. Catches of land stations and strandings of whales, however, indicate that in all areas, at least a part of these Rorquals must have been Blue or Fin Whales. Probably the majority of this part were Fin Whales.\nNevertheless it must he emphasized that the observations give no exact figures but only indications. It would be highly desirable if the results could be controlled by observations made by experienced whale biologists or gunners, especially in tropical and subtropical waters. We have the impression that for the time being no better results can be obtained with the present type of research. On the other hand, the fact that the generally known facts about the annual migration of the big whales were also clearly shown by this research, may be an indication for a certain degree of reliability of the research. The monthly number of animals of each species observed per 1000 hours steamed in daylight was plotted on charts in ten degrees squares. The reliability of the converted data is highest in the black dots.\nB. RORQUALS AND HUMPBACKS 1. Distribution The animals involved are not evenly distributed over the Oceans. There are big concentrations in certain areas, whereas in other areas practically no whales occur. Broadly outlined the highly populated areas coincide with the areas of greatest biological productivity of the sea, as shown by WALFORD (1958).\nIn the tropics and subtropics important areas with a great number of sighted whales are: the Caribbean, the North African west coast, the Atlantic coast of South Africa, the Arabian Sea, the Gulf of Aden, the Bay of Bengal, the Indonesian Archipelago and the African east coast between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 40\xc2\xb0 S. It could be demonstrated that in the Indian Ocean southern Rorquals migrate over the entire breadth of the Ocean south of 30\xc2\xb0 S. North of 30\xc2\xb0 they migrate only at the eastern and the western side, apparently in order to avoid the waters with low biological productivity in the central part of the Ocean.\nNo special relationship was found between the distribution or the migratory routes of the whales and the course of the big Ocean currents with regard to the locomotory aspect. There was a special relationship only in those cases where the big currents show a great biological productivity, as for example the Gulf Stream and the currents in the northern part of the Indian Ocean. 2. Migration, general remarks With regard to Rorquals in the North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, as well as with regard to Humpbacks in the Atlantic and in the Indian Ocean it could be demonstrated that during the summer a part of the population does not migrate into Arctic or Antarctic waters, but that it stays in tropical, subtropical or temperate waters. In Humpbacks the phenomenon is less pronounced than in Rorquals. In Rorquals the phenomenon is not caused by observations of Sei or Bryde Whales only, because catches of land stations and strandings show that Blue and Fin Whales are present during the summer in the waters involved as well. The percentage of the stock of Blue and Fin Whales staying behind in warm and temperate waters is not known, but the authors have the impression that it is not unsignificant. The number of Rorquals staying behind during the summer appears to be larger in the North than in the South Atlantic, probably because Fin Whales in the North Atlantic feed on fish.\nThe phenomenon of staying behind of a part of the population confirms the assumption that estimations of the Antarctic population of Blue, Fin or Humpback Whales never bear on the total stock of the species involved. The phenomenon may also cause that the number of periods or laminations in baleen plates or ear plugs, used in determining the age of Whalebone Whales, is not a reliable indication for the actual age of the animals. The actual age may be higher than the number of periods, because the staying behind in warm waters causes irregularities in their formation.\nIt could, however, be demonstrated, that in most areas the majority of the populations showed the generally accepted type of annual migration. 3. Migration, Rorquals In the North Atlantic the principal northward migration of Rorquals takes place in April-July, the southward migration in September-November. In the South Atlantic the period of migration southward is September-December, that of the northward migration March-June.\nThe majority of the Rorqual population (which may be principally the Fin Whale population) lives in the North Atlantic during the northern winter between 0\xc2\xb0 and 40\xc2\xb0 N and during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and the border of the pack ice. With regard to the South Atlantic these areas are: in the southern winter between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 S, in the southern summer between the equator and the pack ice, but mainly in Antarctic waters.\nThe northern and southern population apparently meet in the Caribbean, in waters off the North African west coast and probably also in the central part of the Ocean between 0\xc2\xb0 and 20\xc2\xb0 N.\nIn the Indian Ocean large concentrations of Rorquals have been encountered in the northern part of the Ocean during the southern summer, whereas the number of sightings during the southern winter is surprisingly small. During this season the majority of the Rorquals is concentrated in waters of Madagascar and off the Australian west coast. This suggests, that during the southern summer (northern winter) the northern part of the Ocean is populated by Rorquals coming from the northern part of the Pacific Ocean. Probably these whales enter the Indian Ocean by passing the waters of the Indonesian Archipelago and the straits between these waters and the Indian Ocean. This supposition is supported by the fact that in the northern part of the Indian Ocean calves have been sighted in almost equal monthly numbers during the whole year, whereas in the Atlantic Ocean seasonal peaks in the number of sightings have been demonstrated. On the other hand, the possibility of a local stock in the northern part of the Indian Ocean may not be excluded.\nAlthough a number of southern Rorquals certainly migrate into the northern part of the Ocean during the southern winter, the majority of the population probably live in this season between the equator (or 10\xc2\xb0 S) and 30\xc2\xb0 S. In the southern summer the majority of the population is found in Antarctic.\nIn the North Pacific Ocean the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 20\xc2\xb0 N and the pack ice and in the northern winter between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The South Pacific population apparently migrates northward during the southern winter up to about 10\xc2\xb0 N. 4. Migration, Humpbacks Humpbacks appear to migrate principally in coastal waters with the exception of the crossing part of the Gulf Stream in the North Atlantic (30\xc2\xb0 N to 50\xc2\xb0 N) where they are found during the northern winter over the entire breadth of the Ocean. In the northern part of the Indian Ocean they are spread over a large part of the Ocean as well.\nIn the North Atlantic the majority of the population is found during the northern summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N, and during the northern winter between 40\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S (especially in the Caribbean and off the North African west coast). Probably all Humpbacks in the Caribbean belong to the northern stock, because the southern population appears to live during the southern winter between 30\xc2\xb0 S and 20\xc2\xb0 N at the African side of the Ocean, but between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the equator at the American side. During the southern summer they are found between 30\xc2\xb0 S and the pack ice (mostly in Antarctic waters). In former days the North Atlantic Humpback population probably lived further northward (in summer as well as in winter) than nowadays. This may be connected with changes in feeding conditions or with the general decrease of the stock.\nJust as has been shown with regard to Rorquals, a part of the North Pacific Humpback population seems to migrate into the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. The southern population of the Indian Ocean lives during the southern winter between the continent and 30\xc2\xb0 S. During the southern summer the animals are found between 45\xc2\xb0 S and the border of the pack ice.\nThe northern and southern stocks of the Pacific Ocean meet in waters of the Indonesian Archipelago. At the eastern (American) side of the Ocean the northern population lives during the summer between 30\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N (or farther northward). During the winter they live between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 30\xc2\xb0 N. The southern stock appears to migrate as far to the North as 10\xc2\xb0 N. 5. Calves Sightings of calves of Rorquals (probably the majority of them being Fin Whales) in the Atlantic Ocean point to a peak in the number of births in December-January for the northern population and in May-June for the southern stock.\nNorth Atlantic Humpbacks appear to be born principally in the southern part of the North Atlantic in April, whereas births of the southern stocks apparently occur in tropical waters with a peak in September.\nC.\nSPERM WHALES\n1. North Atlantic Sperm Whales are always present in the North Atlantic between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N, but on the African side the population appears to be much larger than on the American side. A great number of animals are sighted in the Gulf Stream during the summer. The northward migration starts in April, the animals return to the South in autumn. The majority of the females do not go farther to the North than 40\xc2\xb0 N (a minority probably up to 50\xc2\xb0 N). The males migrate into Arctic waters. During the northern winter the majority of the males and females apparently live between 10\xc2\xb0 S and 30\xc2\xb0 N (the American stock mostly in the Caribbean), but some males may stay behind in colder waters as far as 60\xc2\xb0 N. 2. South Atlantic Practically no sightings of Sperm Whales have been reported from the South American east coast, although these waters show a reasonable biological productivity and although a great number of Rorquals have been sighted there. In former days great numbers of Sperm Whales have been caught in these waters. During the summer the males migrate into Antarctic waters, the females migrate up to about 40\xc2\xb0 S. During the winter most of the animals live in tropical waters but some males and females are present up to 40\xc2\xb0 S. 3. Indian Ocean With regard to the Indian Ocean there is a very significant correlation between the distribution of Sperm Whales and the biological productivity of the sea. In the northern part of the Ocean there are many more Sperm Whales sighted during the northern winter than during the northern summer.\nThe general seasonal movements described with regard to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans could not be demonstrated in the Indian Ocean. Apparently the Sperm Whales in this region show very special migratory movements which may be correlated with special conditions, caused by the fact that the Monsoon-stream in the northern part flows in an opposite direction in the two halves of the year. 4. Pacific Ocean Sperm Whales are encountered in the Indonesian Archipelago the whole year round. In the South Pacific they are not evenly distributed but apparently they are restricted to certain areas. The normal seasonal migratory movements could be demonstrated with regard to the South Pacific.\nD.\nOTHER SPECIES\n1. Little Piked Whales Fairly large numbers of this species were sighted throughout the whole year in tropical waters of all oceans. Large herds were also seen in the northern hemisphere. They show concentrations in areas with a high biological productivity of the sea. During the winter the majority of the animals apparently live in tropical and subtropical waters. During the spring and the autumn they show the usual migratory movements, just as Rorquals and Humpbacks. During the winter, however, some animals stay behind in northern waters, whereas during the summer there are some stragglers in warm waters.\nThe species has been observed in the northern part of the Indian Ocean during the northern winter. In the North Atlantic births take place in warm or temperate waters, probably from November to March. 2. Californian Grey Whales Sightings in the North Pacific were quite in accordance with the generally accepted opinion about the migration of this species. 3. Right Whales North Atlantic as well as Southern Right Whales have been reported. The majority of the animals do not migrate into waters between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 20\xc2\xb0 S, but there are indications that a few animals may also visit these tropical waters.\nWith regard to the North Atlantic no sightings have been reported from regions north of 50\xc2\xb0 N, whereas there was a large number of sightings between 20\xc2\xb0 N and 50\xc2\xb0 N during the northern summer.\nIn the Indian Ocean and in the Indian Archipelago two sightings were reported from waters between 10\xc2\xb0 N and 10\xc2\xb0 S. These observations, however, need further confirmation.

Description: INTRODUCTION\nWhen in December 1960 the R.A.O.U. Checklist Committee was reorganised and the various tasks in hand were divided over its members, the owls were assigned to the author. While it was first thought that only the Boobook Owl, the systematics of which have been notoriously confused, would need thorough revision and that as regards the other species existing lists, for example Peters (1940), could be followed, it became soon apparent that it was impossible to make a satisfactory list without revision of all species.\nIn this paper the four Australian species of Strigidae are fully revised, over their whole ranges, and the same has been done for Tyto tenebricosa. Of the other three Australian Tytonidae, however, only the Australian races have been considered: these species have a wide distribution (one of them virtually world-wide) and it was not expected that the very considerable amount of extra work needed to include extralimital races would be justified by results.\nConsiderable attention has been paid to geographical distribution, and it appears that some species are much more restricted in distribution than has generally been assumed. A map of the distribution of each species is given; these maps are mainly based on material personally examined, and only when they extended the range as otherwise defined, have I made use of reliable field observations and material published but not seen by me.\nFrom the section on material examined it will be easy to trace the localities; where other information has been used, the reference follows the locality.\n\nACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\nThe revision was carried out, besides the Western Australian Museum,

Description: I. Introduction The present paper has been written for practical purposes in the first place. It intends to provide medical men in the field with some useful information on important mosquitoes. It is also meant to rouse some interest in those insects, that are of primary importance to public health. Three main categories will be dealt with : (a) Species known to be vectors of any human disease in the New Guinea territory; (b) Man-biting species without vector properties, merely annoying by their numbers (pest-mosquitoes) ; (c) Some species, not man-biting, but easily recognizable, wide-spread, and frequently present in mosquito collections.\nThe present synopsis has no pretentions as to its complete originality.\nBonne-Wepster & Brug (1937, 1939) already published a paper on 40 Culicines, later on modernized and extended to one hundred species by Bonne-Wepster (1954). Both these reviews, however, which are more or less out of date by now, are dealing with the whole area of the former Dutch East Indies, i.e. the Indonesian Republic including Western New Guinea This area includes parts of two entirely different faunistic provinces (the oriental and the australian), between which a natural, be it somewhat flexible, borderline exists. From a New Guinea point of view both papers carry a lot of ballast species : orientals, not occurring in the territory. On the other hand some New Guinea species which have become known as common are scarcely mentioned, or omitted. The monograph by Bonne-Wepster & Swellengrebel (1953) on the anophelines of the Indo-Australian region is hardly accessible to a non-entomologist because of the huge number of species dealt with. Yet, the anopheline fauna of New Guinea proper is poor

Description: The species numbers refer to those given in the author\xe2\x80\x99s previous revisions, cited at the genus. An a, b, or c number indicates the relationship of a new species.

Description: This is a taxonomic revision of the genus Capparis in South and Southeast Asia, Malesia, Australia, and the Pacific. In this area, four sections are distinguished: 1. sect. Capparis, monotypic with C. spinosa, 2. sect. Sodada, monotypic with C. decidua, 3. sect. Monostichocalyx in a new circumscription containing most of the species formerly included in sect. Eucapparis, with about 65 species in the area under revision, 4. sect. Busbeckea, with 12\xe2\x80\x9414 species in all.\nOf the 79 species recognized, 7 are new, viz. C. cataphyllosa, cinerea, koioides, monantha, pachyphylla, rigida, and rufidula, and 2 are elevated from varietal to specific rank, viz. C. annamensis (C. grandiflora var. annamensis Baker \xc6\x92.) and C. pranensis (C. thorelii var. pranensis Pierre ex Gagn.). Of the 11 subspecies recognized under C. acutifolia, micracantha, and sikkimensis 9 are newly described or new in rank, like 3 out of the 8 varieties under C. loranthifolia, micracantha, and spinosa. Under C. brachybotrya, 2 formae have been maintained, under C. floribunda, is reduced. Three species, C. dielsiana with 2 varieties, C. longipes, and C. muelleriana, have been recorded as incompletely known besides.\nChapters on characters and internal relationships, and plant-geographic remarks have been added. All type specimens are cited with the names based on them, the other collections only as far as they are important for the knowledge of the distribution. Notes dealing with deviating specimens, nomenclatural problems, related species in Africa, &c. are given under the taxa.\nStarting from the idea that solitary large flowers and a beaked ovary with relatively many carpels, the presence of empty spiny bract-like cataphylls at the base of a shoot, and straight thorns are primitive characters, an attempt has been made to devise a subdivision of Sect. Monostichocalyx into 7 tentative Groups to show their natural interrelationships and possible derivation.\nIt is regarded as most likely, that the genus, as represented in the area under revision, originated in southern India/Ceylon and/or Gondwanaland, and migrated into Australia, and later through the Indo-Chinese Peninsula to the northwest and northeast, and into Malesia.\nAn index to numbered collections has been added. Hypselandra Pax & Hoffm. (syn. Meeboldia Pax & Hoffm.) is reduced to Maerua. B.S. Sun\xe2\x80\x99s new taxa from China are discussed in an appendix.

Description: To study the immigration and spreading of the beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in the Netherlands during the young Holocene, three peat bogs were palynologically investigated in the eastern Netherlands and in the adjacent German area. For this purpose peat samples have been collected in the Korenburgerveen near Winterswijk, in a peat bog near Burlo (Germany) and in the Aamsveen south-east of Enschede. The analysis of the peat-samples proved, that extensive beech-forests existed in subatlantic times in the subcentreuropean flora district of the Netherlands. This is shown in the comparatively high Fagus-percentages in the pollendiagrams.

Description: The reduction of Nelsonia campestris R.Br. to N. canescens (Lam.) Sprengl. was not justified; N. campestris is a species confined to Australia or, perhaps, to Australia and New Guinea; arguments are adduced against Bentham\xe2\x80\x99s view that N. campestris would be a common tropical weed. Thunbergia arnhemica F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. was erroneously sunk in Th. fragrans Roxb.; the latter is confined to India and Ceylon and Th. arnhemica to Australia. Ruellia acaulis R.Br., R. australis Cav., R. pumilio R.Br. and R. spiciflora F. v. M\xc3\xbcll. ex Bth. are transferred to a new genus Brunoniella, which is confined to Australia.

Description: As in my previous papers dealing with Myxomycetes collected by me in the Netherlands, here too the specimens dealt with are preserved either in my private collection, in that of the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the State University, Utrecht (in the last-mentioned case the numbers are followed by a \xe2\x80\x9cU\xe2\x80\x9d), or in both. I am much indebted to Prof. Dr. G. W. Martin for sending me valuable specimens, and for his help, to the British Museum for the facilities accorded to me for studying its Myxomycete collections, and to Dr. R. Santesson of the Institute of Systematic Botany of the University of Uppsala for advice and the loan of valuable specimens.

Description: Specimens of a Didymium collected at Endegeest near Oegstgeest, a suburb of Leiden, on holly leaves, were put aside by Prof. Dr. W. K. H. Karstens as being near to Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fries, but not identical with it. Some of the specimens were collected in August 1944 by Dr. S. J. van Ooststroom, whereas several other ones were collected in October of the following year by Prof. Karstens at the same locality; they are all very similar, and remarkable in the smooth white calcareous crust, which is distant from the membranous inner part of the peridium, and in the rather dark spores, which are nearly all encircled by a thin, sometimes fragmentary ridge. Comparison with a large number of specimens of D. squamulosum has convinced me that the specimens collected at Endegeest are indeed distinct from that species. LISTER, in a footnote to D. squamulosum (3rd ed. 1925, p. 118), mentions a form collected on holly leaves, but the description and figure prove that this is plainly D. squamulosum, and certainly not identical with the above mentioned specimens.\nThe specimens from Endegeest are not identical with D. praecox de Bary either. The latter is described by Lister \xe2\x80\x9cas so inconstant that the name cannot be applied to mark even a variety\xe2\x80\x9d. However, D. praecox was described by Berlese in Saccardo (Syll. 1306) and by Massee (Mon. p. 223) (the two descriptions, probably based on that given by Rostafinsky, which was not seen by me, are practically identical) as possessing a double peridium. Study of a duplicate of de Bary\xe2\x80\x99s type specimen in the Rabenhorst \xe2\x80\x9cFungi Europaei\xe2\x80\x9d collection no. 367, 1861, preserved at the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (no. 910243-676), shows this to be D. squamulosum, as the crystalline lime crust closely adheres to the membranous inner layer of the peridium, a condition which is characteristic of this species; this is seen quite clearly at the time of dehiscence, as the two layers break away simultaneously. The spores were found by me to be 10-11 \xc2\xb5 in diam., and not 8\xe2\x80\x949 \xc2\xb5, as they are said to be in Massee\xe2\x80\x99s description (which, however, comes within the range allowed for the spores of this species by Lister and by Martin in their monographs, viz. 8-11 \xc2\xb5), and they are spinulose; some of the dark spinules are grouped in clusters, whereas the remaining ones are unevenly and sparingly scattered between these clusters. In the specimens collected at Endegeest the crystalline lime layer of the peridium, as stated above, is distinctly separated from the membranous inner layer, the latter, moreover, is often provided with light brown areolae, a feature which is seen also in D. nigripes and in D. melanospermum, but which I myself have not met with in D. squamulosum. However, Lister describes the inner peridium of the latter as \xe2\x80\x9csometimes mottled with red-brown towards the base\xe2\x80\x9d; this, therefore, is a point which deserves further study. Other noteworthy points are that the spores of the new species are provided with a ridge and that the spinules are not arranged in clusters.

Description: Mr S. Savage, F.L.S., formerly the Linnean Society\xe2\x80\x99s Librarian and Assistant Secretary, has now completed the catalogue of the Herbarium of the Society\xe2\x80\x99s first President, Sir James Edward Smith, which contains nearly 20,000 sheets. The MS. consists of over 1400 foolscap pages and includes a preface, a list of 83 contributors and over 500 collectors.\nPacific Botanists 1963. Mr E. H. Bryan Jr composed this very useful booklet which gives reference to c. 1250 persons, arranged both by names with full address and by an interest index. Mimeographed at the Pacific Scientific Information Centre, B.P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu.

Description: Previous to the 4th UNESCO Expedition, Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium made three trips together with Mr Tem Smitinand, first to Doi Chiengdao and Doi Suthep in the North (Aug. 15-21, 1963), then to the Khao Yai National Park in Central Siam (Aug. 28-29), then to Pha Nok Khao and Phu Krading South of Loie in NE. Siam (Sept. 8-11).\nThe 4th UNESCO Training Expedition was conducted by Mr Tem Smitinand of the Royal Forest Department, Bangkok, and Dr H. Sleumer of the Rijksherbarium, the latter serving as only instructor. The 10 participants, from Vietnam (1), the Philippines (1), Malaya (2), Singapore (1), Indonesia (2) and Thailand (3) started from a base camp 44 km from the highway from Suratthani to Takuapa in the Peninsula on Sept. 19, 1963. They investigated the flora of 7 limestone hills in the region: Khao Phra Rahu, Khao Lek, Khao Wong, Khao Ne Dang, Khao Pak Chawng, Khao Lang Tao, Khao Dai Kuad, ranging in altitude from 180 to 500 m. Each of these hills had a few peculiar species which were not found on the other hills, although in general the flora, especially in the lower slopes, was the same; 156 herbarium numbers with duplicates were here collected.

Description: 1. Scarcity of fruit setting. In some Malesian plants from the rain-forest it is striking that fruit setting on the inflorescence is very late. Many flowers, sometimes hundreds, are produced without ever setting fruit and the entire inflorescence may finally bear but very few fruits situated at the end of a stalk which is often densely covered with bracts. This suggests a discrepancy of correlation between vegetative and reproductive growth which appears unbalanced.\nSuch a balance can easily be upset artificially, by removing the ovaries of flowers after anthesis. I remember having this demonstrated in our private garden with a cultivated foxglove, Digitalis purpurea, which grew so long that I had to use a chair to stand on for reaching the top of the raceme which became thinner and thinner, but still went on producing flowers until the frost in end November put an end to the experiment. By then the raceme was about two metres long.

Description: This paper is based largely on collections made by the author in Michigan, U.S.A. The genera represented among these collections are Flagelloscypha Donk (with 1 species), Lachnella Fr. emend. Donk (1), Cyphellopsis Donk (1), Merismodes Earle (1), Henningsomyces O. Kuntze (1), Calathella Reid, gen. nov. (2), Cellypha Donk (1), Pellidiscus Donk (1), Stromatocyphella W. B. Cooke emend. Reid (1), Plicaturopsis Reid, gen. nov. (1). The generic differences between Cyphellopsis, Merismodes and Phaeocyphellopsis W. B. Cooke are critically discussed; the latter genus is reduced to the synonymy of Merismodes. Full accounts are given of all the species, including an unidentified sterile Cyphelloid fungus and two new taxa viz. Henningsomyces pubera var. americana Reid and Calathella davidii Reid.

Description: In 19491 pointed attention to the fact that the annonaceous generic name Oxymitra (Bl.) Hook. f. & Th., Fl. Ind. (1855) 145, is a later homonym of the ricciaceous genus Oxymitra Bischoff ex Lindenb., Syn. Hepat. Eur. (1829) 124. Cf. Bull. Bot. Gard. Buitenzorg ser. III, 17: 458.\nAs the name of the hepatic genus is still in use it seemed to me impossible to suppress it and consequently I proposed a new generic name for the annonaceous genus, viz. Friesodielsia, without making any new combinations under that name.

Description: Planta herbacea, caulibus gracilibus, scandentibus vel prostratis?, sparse patule pilosis, glabrescentibus. Folia breviter petiolata, petiolis 3\xe2\x80\x945 mm longis, sparse patule pilosis, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata vel interdum oblonga, (2.5\xe2\x80\x94)5\xe2\x80\x947 cm longa, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm lata, basi rotundata, apice acuta mucronulata, in marginibus adpresse pilosa, ceterum sparse pilosa vel glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4\xe2\x80\x946 ascendentibus. Inflorescentiae axillares, pedunculatae, 1-florae; pedunculis 2\xe2\x80\x944(\xe2\x80\x946) cm longis, gracilibus, sparse patule pilosis vel glabris; pedicellis apicem versus incrassatis, verruculosis, 6\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longis; bracteis minutis, subulatis. Sepala aequaba vel interiora subbreviora, 12\xe2\x80\x9415 mm longa, exteriora 2 crassiuscula, ovato-lanceolata vel anguste ovata, apicem acutum versus attenuata vel acuminata, dorso verruculosa et sparse breviter pilosa, interiora 3 membranacea, oblonga, cuspidata, laevia et glabra vel sepalum tertium ad basin verruculosum. Corolla infundibuliformis, verisim. c. 2\xe2\x80\x942.5 cm longa, glabra, flava. Stamina inclusa, filamentis 6\xe2\x80\x947 mm longis, c. 2.5 mm supra basin corollae insertis, basi breviter pilosis, antheris maturis contortis, c. 3\xe2\x80\x943.5 mm longis. Discus annularis. Ovarium pilosum; stylo incluso, c. 8\xe2\x80\x9410 mm longo, glabro.\nNEW GUINEA. W. New Guinea: Kebar Valley, Andjai, c. 600 malt., on grassland, rather common, herb, flowers yellow, 6-9-1959, V. W. Moll B. W. 9511 (L, type; LAE).

Description: Frutex. Rami subteretes, lanato-tomentosi. Folia 4-verticillata, apice ramulorum congesta, ad axillas pilis sericeis isabellinis c. 1\xc2\xbd cm longis fasciculatis instructa; periolus c. \xc2\xbe cm longus, supra canaliculatus, lanatus; lamina obovato-oblonga, 5\xc2\xbd-7 cm longa, 2\xc2\xbd\xe2\x80\x943 cm lata, chartacea, in vivo verosimiliter convexa, margine recurvata, supra breviter tomentosa, subtus lanato-tomentosa, apice acuta, margine apicem versus minute serrata, basi cuneata parumque attenuata, costa supra parum canaliculata, subtus prominente, nervis utrinque 10\xe2\x80\x9412 tenuibus supra prominulis subtus invisibilibus. Inflorescentiae axillares breviter pedunculatae, glomeratae, pauciflorae, bracteis sat magnis, floribus sessilibus. Flores 14 mm longi. Calyx heterosepalus, lobo dorsali anguste deltoideo, acuto, 2\xc2\xbd mm longo, lobis ceteris ovatis, rotundato-obtusis, lobo ventrali 1 mm longo, lobis lateralibus \xc2\xbe mm longis, omnibus extus sicut ovarium sat dense, intus sparsius pilosis. Corolla 12 mm longa, tubo 6 mm longo, intus lanato, lobis intus in parte basali sparse pilosis, extus praeter dimidio inferiore tubi excepto lanato-tomentosa; loborum margines membranacei, in superiore dimidio parte lati et crispi, in dimidio inferiore angusti ciliisque nonnullis dentibusque penicillatis instructi. Stamina 6 mm longa, glabra, filamentis filiformibus, antberis oblongis 1 mm longis, connectivo apice truncato ibique apiculato. Stylus 7 mm longus, in inferiore dimidio pilis lanatis nonnullis, infra indusium sat dense ciliis longis rigidis patentibus obsitus.\nBORNEO. Sabah: Ranau District, Mt Tambuyokon 15 miles NE. of Kinabalu peak, W. Meijer SAN 22818 type), fl. July 1961, alt. 2500 m, common shrub on summit ridge, in subalpine vegetation on serpentine.

Description: In the northern part of Belgium, Dryopteris tavelii is mostly found in young plantations of Pinus in the Campine and Flemish districts. As some of these localities are situated near the Dutch border, the author expects that the species may also occur in similar habitats in the Netherlands parts of these districts.

Description: Na de excursie naar de Langstraat en omgeving in 1961, waarvan een kort verslag te vinden is in Gorteria 1, no. 4, 1962, p. 30-31, werd in 1962 de zomerexcursie gehouden in de omgeving van Woerden van 9 tot 14 juli. In totaal werden ruim 500 soorten genoteerd in de volgende I.V.O.N.- uurhokken: 31-34; 31-35; 31-44; 31-45; 31-46; 31-54; 31-55; 38-13; 38-14 en 38-25.\nDe zomerexcursie-1963 werd gehouden in de omgeving van Rhenen. Tijdens deze excursie, die plaats vond van 15-20 juli werden ruim 750 soorten genoteerd, waaronder vele adventieven van het graanoverslagterrein bij Wageningen. De volgende I.V.O.N.-uurhokken werden bezocht: 32-46; 32-56; 39-16; 39-17; 39-24; 39-25; 39-26; 39-27; 39-36; 39-46 en 39-47.

Description: Carex crawfordii Fern., found in 1926 as an alien near Veghel, prov. Noord-Brabant, was now met with on the stony slope of a new dike of Oost-Flevoland polder between Harderwijk and Lelystad.