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  • Articles  (1,937)
  • Animals  (1,937)
  • 1985-1989  (1,937)
  • 1950-1954
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  • Articles  (1,937)
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  • 1
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: The first sentence of reference 15 in the report "Single-chain antigen-binding proteins" by Robert E. Bird et al. (21 Oct., p. 423) should have read, 'The majority of experiments have produced Ka's within a factor of 2 of these values; therefore, log K(a)'s for the 4-4-20 I, Fab, and 4-4-20/20' single-chain protein are 10.2, 9.9, and 9.0+/-0.3, respectively.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):409.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animal Testing Alternatives ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; Ethics ; Societies ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Human and murine mononuclear phagocytes express a high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin G that plays a central role in macrophage antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and clearance of immune complexes. The receptor (FcRI) may also be involved in CD4-independent infection of human macrophages by human immunodeficiency virus. This report describes the isolation of cDNA clones encoding the human FcRI by a ligand-mediated selection technique. Expression of the cDNAs in COS cells gave rise to immunoglobulin G binding of the expected affinity and subtype specificity. RNA blot analysis revealed expression of a 1.7-kilobase transcript in macrophages and in cells of the promonocytic cell line U937 induced with interferon-gamma. The extracellular region of FcRI consists of three immunoglobulin-like domains, two of which share homology with low-affinity receptor domains.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Allen, J M -- Seed, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911749" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Fc/*genetics ; Transfection
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 1989-04-14
    Description: Previous studies have demonstrated that allelic deletions of the short arm of chromosome 17 occur in over 75% of colorectal carcinomas. Twenty chromosome 17p markers were used to localize the common region of deletion in these tumors to a region contained within bands 17p12 to 17p13.3. This region contains the gene for the transformation-associated protein p53. Southern and Northern blot hybridization experiments provided no evidence for gross alterations of the p53 gene or surrounding sequences. As a more rigorous test of the possibility that p53 was a target of the deletions, the p53 coding regions from two tumors were analyzed; these two tumors, like most colorectal carcinomas, had allelic deletions of chromosome 17p and expressed considerable amounts of p53 messenger RNA from the remaining allele. The remaining p53 allele was mutated in both tumors, with an alanine substituted for valine at codon 143 of one tumor and a histidine substituted for arginine at codon 175 of the second tumor. Both mutations occurred in a highly conserved region of the p53 gene that was previously found to be mutated in murine p53 oncogenes. The data suggest that p53 gene mutations may be involved in colorectal neoplasia, perhaps through inactivation of a tumor suppressor function of the wild-type p53 gene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, S J -- Fearon, E R -- Nigro, J M -- Hamilton, S R -- Preisinger, A C -- Jessup, J M -- vanTuinen, P -- Ledbetter, D H -- Barker, D F -- Nakamura, Y -- White, R -- Vogelstein, B -- GM07184/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM07309/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD20619/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 14;244(4901):217-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2649981" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *Chromosome Deletion ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/ultrastructure ; Colorectal Neoplasms/*genetics ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; *Mutation ; Neoplasm Proteins/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oncogenes ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics ; Suppression, Genetic ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
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  • 4
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Hibernating arctic ground squirrels, Spermophilus parryii, were able to adopt and spontaneously arouse from core body temperatures as low as -2.9 degrees C without freezing. Abdominal body temperatures of ground squirrels hibernating in outdoor burrows were recorded with temperature-sensitive radiotransmitter implants. Body temperatures and soil temperatures at hibernaculum depth reached average minima during February of -1.9 degrees and -6 degrees C, respectively. Laboratory-housed ground squirrels hibernating in ambient temperatures of -4.3 degrees C maintained above 0 degree C thoracic temperatures but decreased colonic temperatures to as low as -1.3 degrees C. Plasma sampled from animals with below 0 degree C body temperatures had normal solute concentrations and showed no evidence of containing antifreeze molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, B M -- HD 23383/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1593-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks 99775-0180.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antifreeze Proteins ; Arctic Regions ; Arousal ; *Body Temperature ; Body Temperature Regulation ; Female ; *Freezing ; Glycoproteins/analysis ; *Hibernation ; Male ; Sciuridae/*physiology
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Barnes, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):29-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911718" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug ; *Neurotoxins/toxicity ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration
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  • 6
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-02-24
    Description: Cruciform DNA, a non-double helix form of DNA, can be generated as an intermediate in genetic recombination as well as from palindromic sequences under the effect of supercoiling. Eukaryotic cells are equipped with a DNA-binding protein that selectively recognizes cruciform DNA. Biochemical and immunological data showed that this protein is HMG1, an evolutionarily conserved, essential, and abundant component of the nucleus. The interaction with a ubiquitous protein points to a critical role for cruciform DNA conformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bianchi, M E -- Beltrame, M -- Paonessa, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 24;243(4894 Pt 1):1056-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidleberg, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922595" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics/*metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; High Mobility Group Proteins/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Immunoassay ; Immunoblotting ; Liver/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Peptide Fragments/genetics/isolation & purification ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Rats ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 7
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Tumor promoters may bring about events that lead to neoplastic transformation by inducing specific promotion-relevant effector genes. Functional activation of the transacting transcription factor AP-1 by the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) may play an essential role in this process. Clonal genetic variants of mouse epidermal JB6 cells that are genetically susceptible (P+) or resistant (P-) to promotion of transformation by TPA were transfected with 3XTRE-CAT, a construct that has AP-1 cis-enhancer sequences attached to a reporter gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). Transfected JB6 P+, but not P- variants, showed TPA-inducible CAT synthesis. Epidermal growth factor, another transformation promoter in JB6 cells, also caused P+ specific induction of CAT gene expression. These results demonstrate an association between induced AP-1 function and sensitivity to promotion of neoplastic transformation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bernstein, L R -- Colburn, N H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):566-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biology, Baltimore, MD 21218.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2541502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Epidermal Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Epidermis ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Variation ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Plasmids ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun ; Simplexvirus/genetics ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/*pharmacology ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology ; Transfection
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  • 8
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: This lecture illustrates the early stages in the planning and discovery of propranolol, an adrenaline beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist, and cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist--the first examples of clinically useful drugs from each of these classes. The significance of selective agonists, partial agonists, and syntopic antagonists and the importance of the bioassay and the use of molar models in the drug discovery process are discussed. For the future, an outline of potential developments in hormone-receptor concepts is offered leading to the conclusion that progress may depend on improvements in bioassays and related molar modeling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Black, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):486-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Analytical Pharmacology, Rayne Institute, King's College Hospital School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2569237" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Angina Pectoris/drug therapy/physiopathology ; Animals ; Biological Assay ; Duodenal Ulcer/drug therapy ; Epinephrine/analogs & derivatives ; Histamine/analogs & derivatives ; *Histamine H2 Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Stomach Ulcer/drug therapy
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  • 9
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Although most animals reproduce sexually, a number of all-female groups exist. Triploid hybrid salamanders appear to maintain themselves by using a male's sperm to activate their eggs, after which the sperm nucleus is eliminated (gynogenesis). The incidence of sperm nuclear incorporation in eggs of these salamanders depends on temperature. Triploid offspring derived gynogenetically are more frequent at lower temperature, whereas tetraploid offspring derived sexually are far more frequent at higher temperatures. Temperature-dependent variability in sperm nuclear incorporation helps explain the variability in reproductive modes reported for hybrid salamanders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bogart, J P -- Elinson, R P -- Licht, L E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1032-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma/genetics/*physiology ; Animals ; Crosses, Genetic ; Female ; Karyotyping ; Larva ; Male ; *Polyploidy ; Sperm-Ovum Interactions ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Temperature
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  • 10
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: Locomotion and reaching have traditionally been regarded as separate motor activities. In fact, they may be closely connected both from an evolutionary and a neurophysiological viewpoint. Reaching seems to have evolved from the neural systems responsible for the active and precise positioning of the limb during locomotion; moreover, it seems to be organized in the spinal cord. The motor cortex and its corticospinal outflow are preferentially engaged when precise positioning of the limb is needed during locomotion and are also involved during reaching and active positioning of the hand near objects of interest. All of these motor activities require visuomotor coordination, and it is this coordination that could be achieved by the motor cortex and interconnected parietal and cerebellar areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Georgopoulos, A P -- Grillner, S -- NS17413/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1209-10.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Philip Bard Laboratories for Neurophysiology, Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2675307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Forelimb/*physiology ; Humans ; *Locomotion ; *Psychomotor Performance ; Vertebrates/*physiology
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  • 11
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberger, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1419.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928773" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Heart/*physiology ; Heart Conduction System/*physiology ; *Heart Rate ; Humans
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: Although the T cell receptor (TCR) alpha beta heterodimer and its encoding genes have been characterized, a cell-free form of this receptor, which is needed for the study of functional or ligand-binding properties of the receptor, has not previously been isolated. When the cell-free supernatant products of activated cloned T helper (TH) cells were found to mediate helper activity with antigen specificity identical to that of intact T cells, experiments were carried out to determine whether this functional activity was mediated by a cell-free form of TCR-related material. A disulfide-linked dimer indistinguishable from the T cell surface alpha beta heterodimer was precipitated from cell-free supernatants of cloned TH cells with F23.1, a monoclonal antibody specific for a TCR V beta 8 determinant. Moreover, when cell-free TH products were bound to and eluted from immobilized F23.1, these affinity-purified materials had antigen-specific and major histocompatibility complex-restricted helper activity that synergized with recombinant lymphokines in the generation of B cell antibody responses. These findings suggest that the factor isolated from T cell supernatants is a cell-free form of the TCR alpha beta dimer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guy, R -- Ullrich, S J -- Foo-Philips, M -- Hathcock, K S -- Appella, E -- Hodes, R J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1477-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472009" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens/*immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Disulfides ; Epitopes/immunology ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Interleukin-4 ; Interleukins/pharmacology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/*immunology/isolation & purification ; Recombinant Proteins ; Serum Albumin, Bovine/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/*immunology ; Trinitrobenzenes/immunology
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Host cell factors act together with regulatory genes of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to control virus production. Human-Chinese hamster ovary hybrid cell clones were used to probe for human chromosomes involved in regulating HIV gene expression. DNA transfection experiments showed that 4 of 18 clones had high levels of HIV gene expression measured by both extracellular virus production and transactivation of the HIV long terminal repeat in the presence of the trans-activator (tat) gene. Karyotype analyses revealed a 94% concordance (17/18) between human chromosome 12 and HIV gene expression. Other chromosomes had an 11 to 72% concordance with virus production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hart, C E -- Ou, C Y -- Galphin, J C -- Moore, J -- Bacheler, L T -- Wasmuth, J J -- Petteway, S R Jr -- Schochetman, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):488-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683071" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral/*genetics ; Genes, tat ; HIV-1/*genetics ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Transcriptional Activation
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  • 14
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-26
    Description: In isolated heart cells, beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation induced a background current that was suppressed by simultaneous muscarinic receptor stimulation. Direct activation of adenylate cyclase with forskolin also elicited this current, suggesting regulation by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP). This current could be recorded when sodium, calcium, and potassium currents were eliminated by channel antagonists or by ion substitution. Alteration of the chloride equilibrium potential produced changes in the reversal potential expected for a chloride current. Activation of this chloride current modulated action potential duration and altered the resting membrane potential in a chloride gradient-dependent manner.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Harvey, R D -- Hume, J R -- HL30143/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 26;244(4907):983-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Nevada School of Medicine, Reno 89557.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Action Potentials/drug effects ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*physiology ; Colforsin/pharmacology ; Cyclic AMP/physiology ; Electric Conductivity ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/*physiology ; Propranolol/pharmacology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, Muscarinic/physiology ; Ventricular Function
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  • 15
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Nerve growth factor (NGF) interacts with both high affinity (Kd = 10(-10)-10(-11)M) and low affinity (Kd = 10(-8)-10(-9)M) receptors; the binding of NGF to the high affinity receptor is correlated with biological actions of NGF. To determine whether a single NGF binding protein is common to both forms of the receptor, a full-length receptor cDNA was introduced in the NR18 cell line, an NGF receptor-deficient variant of the PC12 pheochromocytoma cell line. The transformant displayed (i) both high and low affinity receptors detectable by receptor binding; (ii) an affinity cross-linking pattern with 125I-labeled NGF similar to that of the parent PC12 cell line; and (iii) biological responsiveness to NGF as assayed by induction of c-fos transcription. These findings support the hypothesis that a single binding protein is common to both forms of the NGF receptor and suggest that an additional protein is required to produce the high affinity form of the NGF receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hempstead, B L -- Schleifer, L S -- Chao, M V -- HD23315/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- NS-21072/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):373-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536190" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cloning, Molecular ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Nerve Growth Factors/pharmacology ; Pheochromocytoma ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor ; Transformation, Genetic ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 16
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Euthanasia/*veterinary ; *Haplorhini ; *Legislation, Veterinary ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: A neuron that is an integral member of the pyloric neural network of the lobster stomatogastric nervous system leaves this network and instead fires exclusively with another stomatogastric nervous system network, the cardiac sac network, whenever the cardiac sac network is active. This switch is associated with the neuron losing, in a long-lasting fashion, regenerative oscillatory membrane properties that underlie its participation in the pyloric network. Functional membership of neurons in central networks is thus not fixed, and long-lasting neuromodulatory influences, controlled at least in part by sensory inputs, can switch neurons from one network to another.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hooper, S L -- Moulins, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1587-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Physiologie Comparees, Universite de Bordeaux, Arcachon, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740903" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cell Membrane/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Membrane Potentials ; Nephropidae/*physiology ; Nervous System/cytology ; *Nervous System Physiological Phenomena ; Neural Pathways/cytology/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Stomach/innervation
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  • 18
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hoyt, J A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1419-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928775" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Animals, Laboratory
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  • 19
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) class of excitatory amino acid receptors regulates the strength and stability of excitatory synapses and appears to play a major role in excitotoxic neuronal death associated with stroke and epilepsy. The conductance increase gated by NMDA is potentiated by the amino acid glycine, which acts at an allosteric site tightly coupled to the NMDA receptor. Indole-2-carboxylic acid (I2CA) specifically and competitively inhibits the potentiation by glycine of NMDA-gated current. In solutions containing low levels of glycine, I2CA completely blocks the response to NMDA, suggesting that NMDA alone is not sufficient for channel activation. I2CA will be useful for defining the interaction of glycine with NMDA receptors and for determining the in vivo role of glycine in excitotoxicity and synapse stabilization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huettner, J E -- HL-35034/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2467381" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aspartic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Glycine/*antagonists & inhibitors ; In Vitro Techniques ; Indoles/*pharmacology ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; N-Methylaspartate ; Neural Inhibition ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/*drug effects ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: The murine acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is induced by a defective retrovirus. To study the role of virus replication in this disease, helper-free stocks of defective Duplan virus were produced. These stocks were highly pathogenic in absence of detectable replicating murine leukemia viruses (MuLVs) other than xenotropic MuLV. They induced expansion of the infected cell population (over 1000-fold), and this cell expansion was oligoclonal in origin and, most likely, arose through cell division. These results suggest that this defective virus is oncogenic, inducing a primary neoplasia associated with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome as a paraneoplastic syndrome. These data emphasize the need to determine whether virus replication is necessary for the progression of other immunodeficiency diseases, including acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and whether these diseases also represent paraneoplastic syndromes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huang, M -- Simard, C -- Jolicoeur, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1614-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2480643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification ; Defective Viruses/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Helper Viruses/isolation & purification ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*microbiology ; Leukemia Virus, Murine/pathogenicity ; Lymph Nodes/microbiology ; Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Retroviridae/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Retroviridae Infections/*microbiology ; Spleen/microbiology
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  • 21
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-07-28
    Description: The CD4 and CD8 T cell receptor accessory molecules can both be isolated from T lymphocytes in association with p56lck, a membrane-associated, cytoplasmic tyrosine protein kinase that is expressed exclusively in lymphoid cells. The enzymatic activity of p56lck may therefore be regulated by CD4 and CD8 and be important in antigen-induced T cell activation. Exposure of human T cells and some mouse T cells to the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), an activator of protein kinase C, caused the dissociation of p56lck and CD4. Activation of protein kinase C may therefore interrupt regulation of p56lck by CD4 and alter the ability of p56lck to interact with polypeptide substrates. In contrast, exposure of cells to TPA did not cause dissociation of p56lck and CD8. Regulation of p56lck by CD4 may therefore differ from regulation by CD8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hurley, T R -- Luo, K -- Sefton, B M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 28;245(4916):407-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Molecular Biology and Virology Laboratory, Salk Institute, San Diego, CA 92138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2787934" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*immunology ; Cell Line ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Leukemia, T-Cell ; Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck) ; Phosphorylation ; Precipitin Tests ; Protein Kinase C/*metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/*metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: A novel bacteriophage lambda vector system was used to express in Escherichia coli a combinatorial library of Fab fragments of the mouse antibody repertoire. The system allows rapid and easy identification of monoclonal Fab fragments in a form suitable for genetic manipulation. It was possible to generate, in 2 weeks, large numbers of monoclonal Fab fragments against a transition state analog hapten. The methods described may supersede present-day hybridoma technology and facilitate the production of catalytic and other antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Huse, W D -- Sastry, L -- Iverson, S A -- Kang, A S -- Alting-Mees, M -- Burton, D R -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1275-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531466" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigen-Antibody Reactions ; Bacteriophage lambda/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular/methods ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Library ; *Genetic Vectors ; Hemocyanin/analogs & derivatives/immunology ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin Fragments/*biosynthesis/genetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Organophosphorus Compounds/immunology ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics
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  • 23
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-09-22
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a model for learning and memory processes. Tetanic stimulation of the sensory cortex produces LTP in motor cortical neurons, whereas tetanization of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also projects to the motor cortex, does not. However, after simultaneous high-frequency stimulation of both the sensory cortex and the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, LTP of thalamic input to motor cortical neurons is induced. This associative LTP occurs only in neurons in the superficial layers of the motor cortex that receive monosynaptic input from both the sensory cortex and the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Associative LTP in the motor cortex may constitute a basis for the retention of motor skills.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iriki, A -- Pavlides, C -- Keller, A -- Asanuma, H -- NS-08626/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS-10705/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 22;245(4924):1385-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2551038" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain Mapping ; Cats ; Electric Stimulation ; Learning/physiology ; Motor Cortex/*physiology ; *Motor Skills ; Somatosensory Cortex/physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; Thalamic Nuclei/physiology
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  • 24
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-10
    Description: Tension and intracellular free calcium concentration [( Ca2+]i) were measured simultaneously in single smooth muscle cells isolated from the anterior byssus retractor muscle (ABRM) of Mytilus edulis that were loaded with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2. Electrical stimulation evoked a transient elevation of [Ca2+]i associated with a "catch" contraction. During the catch state, however, [Ca2+]i was effectively at its resting level and was unaffected by 5-hydroxytryptamine, which induced a rapid relaxation from catch. The results indicate that a maintained high [Ca2+]i is not required for the maintenance of catch tension in intact ABRM and that there was no significant change in [Ca2+]i upon abolition of catch.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ishii, N -- Simpson, A W -- Ashley, C C -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1367-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Zoological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922614" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Benzofurans ; Bivalvia ; Calcium/*physiology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Fura-2 ; In Vitro Techniques ; *Muscle Contraction ; Muscle, Smooth/*physiology ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/instrumentation/methods
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  • 25
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: Monoclonal antibodies have been induced that are capable of catalyzing specific hydrolysis of the Gly-Phe bond of peptide substrates at neutral pH with a metal complex cofactor. The antibodies were produced by immunizing with a Co(III) triethylenetetramine (trien)-peptide hapten. These antibodies as a group are capable of binding trien complexes of not only Co(III) but also of numerous other metals. Six peptides were examined as possible substrates with the antibodies and various metal complexes. Two of these peptides were cleaved by several of the antibodies. One antibody was studied in detail, and cleavage was observed for the substrates with the trien complexes of Zn(II), Ga(III), Fe(III), In(III), Cu(II), Ni(II), Lu(III), Mg(II), or Mn(II) as cofactors. A turnover number of 6 x 10(-4) per second was observed for these substrates. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the use of cofactor-assisted catalysis in an antibody binding site to accomplish difficult chemical transformations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iverson, B L -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1184-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922606" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens/immunology ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Catalysis ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cobalt/immunology/metabolism ; Glycine/metabolism ; Haptens/immunology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Metals/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Oligopeptides/*metabolism ; Phenylalanine/metabolism ; Trientine/immunology
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  • 26
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-04-28
    Description: The specific hydrolysis of unactivated esters bearing an R or S enantiomeric alcohol has been achieved by two separate classes of catalytic antibodies induced to bind either the R or S substrates. The antibodies exhibit rate accelerations (10(3) to 10(5] above background hydrolysis that, coupled with their antipodal specificity, provide a novel set of reagents for use in synthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janda, K D -- Benkovic, S J -- Lerner, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 28;244(4903):437-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antibody Specificity ; Antigens/immunology ; Benzyl Alcohols/metabolism ; *Catalysis ; Esters/metabolism ; Haptens ; Hemocyanin/immunology ; Hydrolysis ; Immunization ; Kinetics ; Lipase/*metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred A ; Molecular Structure ; Organophosphonates/immunology ; Stereoisomerism ; Substrate Specificity
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 1989-05-12
    Description: Although the immunologic role of T cells bearing the conventional alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) has been well characterized, little is known about the function of the population of T cells bearing the gamma delta TCR. Therefore, the role of gamma delta T cells in the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT) was investigated. The number of TCR gamma delta cells in the draining lymph nodes of mice immunized with MT was greatly increased in comparison with the number of TCR alpha beta cells. Three biochemically distinct gamma delta TCRs were detected. Analyses of cell cycle, of interleukin-2 receptor expression, and of interleukin-2 responsiveness showed that a large proportion of the gamma delta T cells were activated in vivo. TCR gamma delta cells responded to solubilized MT antigens in vitro but, in contrast to MT-specific alpha beta T cells, the response of gamma delta T cells to MT did not require major histocompatability complex class II recognition. These results provide an example of antigen-specific activation of gamma delta T cells in vivo and indicate that gamma delta T cells may have a distinct role in generating a primary immune response to certain microorganisms.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Janis, E M -- Kaufmann, S H -- Schwartz, R H -- Pardoll, D M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 12;244(4905):713-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2524098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/*immunology ; Antigens, CD3 ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis ; Cell Count ; Cell Cycle ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Flow Cytometry ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/immunology ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Interleukin-2/pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes/cytology ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*immunology ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis/*immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-2/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/cytology/*immunology
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  • 28
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-09-29
    Description: The CA1 pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus contain a high density of adrenal corticosteroid receptors. By intracellular recording, CA1 neurons in slices from adrenalectomized rats have been found to display a markedly reduced afterhyperpolarization (that is, the hyperpolarizing phase after a brief depolarizing current pulse) when compared with their sham controls. No differences were found for other tested membrane properties. Brief exposure of hippocampal slices from adrenalectomized rats to glucocorticoid agonists, 30 to 90 minutes before recording, greatly enhanced the afterhyperpolarization. In addition, glucocorticoids attenuated the norepinephrine-induced blockade of action potential accommodation in CA1 neurons. The findings indicate that glucocorticoids can reduce transmitter-evoked excitability in the hippocampus, presumably via a receptor-mediated genomic action.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Joels, M -- de Kloet, E R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1502-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Adrenalectomy ; Animals ; Glucocorticoids/*pharmacology ; Hippocampus/cytology/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Neurons/cytology/drug effects ; Norepinephrine/*pharmacology ; Rats
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 1989-10-06
    Description: The tyrosine kinase pp60v-src, encoded by the v-src oncogene, seems to regulate phosphatidylinositol metabolism. The effect of pp60v-src on control points in inositol phosphate production was examined by measuring the amounts of inositol polyphosphates in Rat-1 cells expressing wild-type or mutant forms of the protein. Expression of v-src-resulted in a five- to sevenfold elevation in the steady-state amount of an isomer of inositol tetrakisphosphate, whereas the concentrations of inositol trisphosphates or other inositol tetrakisphosphates were not affected. The activity of a key enzyme in the formation of inositol tetrakisphosphates, inositol (1,4,5)-trisphosphate 3-kinase, was increased six- to eightfold in cytosolic extracts prepared from the v-src-transformed cells, suggesting that this enzyme may be one target for the pp60v-src kinase and that it may participate in the synthesis of novel, higher order inositol phosphates.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, R M -- Wasilenko, W J -- Mattingly, R R -- Weber, M J -- Garrison, J C -- CA-39076/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA-40042/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DK-19952/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 6;246(4926):121-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville 22908.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506643" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line, Transformed ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Inositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Isomerism ; Oncogene Protein pp60(v-src) ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism ; Rats ; Retroviridae Proteins/*physiology ; Sugar Phosphates/*metabolism
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  • 30
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: Biochemical and electrophysiological studies suggest that odorants induce responses in olfactory sensory neurons via an adenylate cyclase cascade mediated by a G protein. An olfactory-specific guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-binding protein alpha subunit has now been characterized and evidence is presented suggesting that this G protein, termed Golf, mediates olfaction. Messenger RNA that encodes Golf alpha is expressed in olfactory neuroephithelium but not in six other tissues tested. Moreover, within the olfactory epithelium, Golf alpha appears to be expressed only by the sensory neurons. Specific antisera were used to localize Golf alpha protein to the sensory apparatus of the receptor neurons. Golf alpha shares extensive amino acid identity (88 percent) with the stimulatory G protein, Gs alpha. The expression of Golf alpha in S49 cyc- kin- cells, a line deficient in endogenous stimulatory G proteins, demonstrates its capacity to stimulate adenylate cyclase in a heterologous system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, D T -- Reed, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):790-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499043" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; GTP-Binding Proteins/analysis/genetics/*physiology ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Immunoblotting ; Immunohistochemistry ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neurons, Afferent/analysis/*physiology ; *Odors ; Olfactory Bulb/physiology ; Olfactory Mucosa/analysis/*innervation ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Rats ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; *Signal Transduction ; Tissue Distribution ; Transfection
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs) are modulators of synaptic plasticity, oscillatory behavior, and rhythmic firing in brain regions such as the hippocampus. The distribution and lateral mobility of VDCCs on CA1 hippocampal neurons have been determined with biologically active fluorescent and biotinylated derivatives of the selective probe omega-conotoxin in conjunction with circular dityndallism, digital fluorescence imaging, and photobleach recovery microscopy. On noninnervated cell bodies, VDCCs were found to be organized in multiple clusters, whereas after innervation the VDCCs were concentrated and immobilized at synaptic contact sites. On dendrites, VDCC distribution was punctate and was interrupted by extensive bare regions or abruptly terminated. More than 85% of the dendritic VDCCs were found to be immobile by fluorescence photobleach recovery. Thus, before synaptic contact, specific mechanisms target, segregate, and immobilize VDCCs to neuronal cell bodies and to specialized dendritic sites. Regulation of this distribution may be critical in determining the firing activity and integrative properties of hippocampal CA1 neurons.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, O T -- Kunze, D L -- Angelides, K J -- NS01218/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS23575/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- NS24606/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1189-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2543080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channel Blockers/*pharmacology ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Electric Conductivity ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Mollusk Venoms/*pharmacology ; Neurons/drug effects/*physiology ; Pyramidal Tracts/*physiology ; *omega-Conotoxins
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: Gene targeting via homologous recombination-mediated disruption in murine embryonic stem (ES) cells has been described for a number of different genes expressed in these cells; it has not been reported for any nonexpressed genes. Pluripotent stem cell lines were isolated with homologously recombined insertions at three different loci: c-fos, which is expressed at a low level in ES cells, and two genes, adipsin and adipocyte P2 (aP2), which are transcribed specifically in adipose cells and are not expressed at detectable levels in ES cells. The frequencies at which homologous recombination events occurred did not correlate with levels of expression of the targeted genes, but did occur at rates comparable to those previously reported for genes that are actively expressed in ES cells. Injection of successfully targeted cells into mouse blastocysts resulted in the formation of chimeric mice. These studies demonstrate the feasibility of altering genes in ES cells that are expressed in a tissue-specific manner in the mouse, in order to study their function at later developmental stages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Johnson, R S -- Sheng, M -- Greenberg, M E -- Kolodner, R D -- Papaioannou, V E -- Spiegelman, B M -- DK 31405/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1234-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2506639" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adipose Tissue/cytology ; Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Carrier Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Chimera ; Complement Factor D ; DNA, Recombinant ; DNA-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins ; Fatty Acids/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; *Neoplasm Proteins ; *Nerve Tissue Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis/genetics ; *Recombination, Genetic ; Serine Endopeptidases/*genetics ; Stem Cells/*metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 33
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jukes, T H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):515.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2717938" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Dimethylhydrazines/adverse effects ; *Fruit ; Herbicides ; Humans ; Neoplasms/*chemically induced ; Plant Growth Regulators ; Succinates/*adverse effects
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: Neurotransmitter receptors are usually restricted to neuronal cells, but the signaling pathways activated by these receptors are widely distributed in both neural and non-neural cells. The functional consequences of activating a brain-specific neurotransmitter receptor, the serotonin 5HT1c receptor, in the unnatural environment of a fibroblast were examined. Introduction of functional 5HT1c receptors into NIH 3T3 cells results, at high frequency, in the generation of transformed foci. Moreover, the generation and maintenance of transformed foci requires continued activation of the serotonin receptor. In addition, the injection of cells derived from transformed foci into nude mice results in the generation of tumors. The serotonin 5HT1c receptor therefore functions as a protooncogene when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Julius, D -- Livelli, T J -- Jessell, T M -- Axel, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1057-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727693" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cloning, Molecular ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genetic Vectors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Receptors, Serotonin/*genetics/physiology ; Second Messenger Systems ; Serotonin/pharmacology/physiology ; Transfection
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  • 35
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: DNA and nuclear proteins were transferred into cells simultaneously at more than 95% efficiency by means of vesicle complexes. The DNA was rapidly transported into the nuclei of cultured cells, and its expression reached a maximum within 6 to 8 hours after its introduction. Moreover, when the plasmid DNA and nuclear protein were cointroduced into nondividing cells in rat liver by injection into the portal veins of adult rats, the plasmid DNA was carried into liver cell nuclei efficiently by nuclear protein. The expression of the DNA in adult rat liver, on introduction of the DNA with nuclear protein, was more than five times as great as with nonnuclear protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kaneda, Y -- Iwai, K -- Uchida, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):375-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Molecular and Cellular Biology, Osaka University, Japan.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911748" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Cell Compartmentation ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/*metabolism/pharmacokinetics ; High Mobility Group Proteins/*metabolism ; Liver/*metabolism ; Mice ; Rats ; Transformation, Genetic
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: A human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell line that was transplanted into immune-deficient SCID mice proliferated in the hematopoietic tissues, invaded various organs, and led to the death of the mice. The distribution of leukemic cells in SCID mice was similar to the course of the disease in children. A-1 cells marked with a retrovirus vector showed clonal evolution after the transplant. SCID mice that were injected with bone marrow from three patients with non-T ALL had leukemic cells in their bone marrow and spleen. This in vivo model of human leukemia is an approach to understanding leukemic growth and progression and is a novel system for testing new treatment strategies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kamel-Reid, S -- Letarte, M -- Sirard, C -- Doedens, M -- Grunberger, T -- Fulop, G -- Freedman, M H -- Phillips, R A -- Dick, J E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1597-600.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2595371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/pathology ; Cell Line ; Clone Cells ; DNA, Neoplasm/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes/*pathology ; Kidney/pathology ; Liver/pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Mutant Strains ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/*pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: To survive, primates must detect danger in time to activate appropriate defensive behaviors. In this study, the defensive behaviors of infant rhesus monkeys exposed to humans were characterized. It was observed that the direction of the human's gaze is a potent cue for the infant. Infants separated from their mothers were active and emitted frequent distress vocalizations. When a human entered the room but did not look at the infant, it became silent and froze in one position. If the human stared at the infant, it responded with aggressive barking. Alterations of the opiate system affected the frequency of the infant's distress calls without affecting barking and freezing, whereas benzodiazepine administration selectively reduced barking and freezing. This suggests that opiate and benzodiazepine systems regulate specific defensive behaviors in primates and that these systems work together to mediate behavioral responses important for survival.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalin, N H -- Shelton, S E -- DK-35641/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1718-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin, Madison.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564702" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aggression/physiology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects/*physiology ; Benzodiazepines/physiology ; Diazepam/pharmacology ; Endorphins/antagonists & inhibitors/physiology ; *Fear ; Female ; Macaca/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta/*physiology ; Male ; Morphine/pharmacology ; Motion ; Motor Activity/drug effects/physiology ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Vision, Ocular ; Vocalization, Animal/drug effects/physiology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: Vascular permeability factor (VPF) is a 40-kilodalton disulfide-linked dimeric glycoprotein that is active in increasing blood vessel permeability, endothelial cell growth, and angiogenesis. These properties suggest that the expression of VPF by tumor cells could contribute to the increased neovascularization and vessel permeability that are associated with tumor vasculature. The cDNA sequence of VPF from human U937 cells was shown to code for a 189-amino acid polypeptide that is similar in structure to the B chain of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-B) and other PDGF-B-related proteins. The overall identity with PDGF-B is 18%. However, all eight of the cysteines in PDGF-B were found to be conserved in human VPF, an indication that the folding of the two proteins is probably similar. Clusters of basic amino acids in the COOH-terminal halves of human VPF and PDGF-B are also prevalent. Thus, VPF appears to be related to the PDGF/v-sis family of proteins.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keck, P J -- Hauser, S D -- Krivi, G -- Sanzo, K -- Warren, T -- Feder, J -- Connolly, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Culture and Biochemistry, Monsanto Company, St. Louis, MO 63167.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479987" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Capillary Permeability/physiology ; Cell Division/physiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology ; *Growth Substances ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Lymphokines/*physiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology ; Oncogene Proteins v-sis ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/physiology ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/physiology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transforming Growth Factors ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: An immunohistochemical study was conducted to detect the temporal infection sequence of Autographa californica M nuclear polyhedrosis virus in Trichoplusia ni larvae. Staining patterns indicated that the initial infection occurred in the midgut, simultaneously in columnar epithelial and regenerative cells, but that subsequently this tissue recovered. A major envelope glycoprotein stained in a polar fashion when it was expressed in columnar epithelial cells, but not when expressed in other cells types. Systemic infection was mediated by free virus for some tissues whereas infected hemocytes appeared to spread virus to other tissues by an unknown mechanism. A cell to cell spread within several tissues was detected. These results have important implications for baculoviruses engineered for improving their pesticide potential.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keddie, B A -- Aponte, G W -- Volkman, L E -- AM 38310-01/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1728-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2648574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Capsid/analysis ; Epithelium/analysis/microbiology ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Insect Viruses/immunology/isolation & purification/*physiology ; Larva/microbiology ; Lepidoptera/*microbiology ; Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Viral Proteins/analysis
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: Autologous peripheral nerve grafts were used to permit and direct the regrowth of retinal ganglion cell axons from the eye to the ipsilateral superior colliculus of adult hamsters in which the optic nerves had been transected within the orbit. Extracellular recordings in the superior colliculus 15 to 18 weeks after graft insertion revealed excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic responses to visual stimulation. The finding of light-induced responses in neurons in the superficial layers of the superior colliculus close to the graft indicates that axons regenerating from axotomized retinal ganglion cells can establish electrophysiologically functional synapses with neurons in the superior colliculus of these adult mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Keirstead, S A -- Rasminsky, M -- Fukuda, Y -- Carter, D A -- Aguayo, A J -- Vidal-Sanz, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):255-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurosciences Unit, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2799387" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Cricetinae ; Mesocricetus ; Nerve Regeneration/*physiology ; Optic Nerve/*physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/physiology ; Superior Colliculi/*physiology
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 1989-09-29
    Description: Adrenal steroids bind specifically to hippocampal neurons under normal conditions and may contribute to hippocampal cell loss during aging, but little is known about the neurophysiological mechanisms by which they may change hippocampal cell functions. In the present studies, adrenal steroids have been shown to modulate a well-defined membrane conductance in hippocampal pyramidal cells. The calcium-dependent slow afterhyperpolarization is reduced in hippocampal slices from adrenalectomized rats, and it is increased after in vivo or in vitro administration of the adrenal steroid, corticosterone. Calcium action potentials are also reduced in adrenalectomized animals, indicating that the primary effect of corticosteroids may be on calcium conductance. The afterhyperpolarization component reduced by adrenalectomy is greater in aged rats than in young rats, suggesting that, with aging, there is an increased effect of corticosteroids on some calcium-mediated brain processes. Because elevated concentrations of intracellular calcium can be cytotoxic, these observations may increase the understanding of glucocorticoid involvement in brain aging as well as of the normal functions of these steroids in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, D S -- Campbell, L W -- Hao, S Y -- Landfield, P W -- AG04542/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 29;245(4925):1505-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Bowman Gray School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27103.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2781293" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials/drug effects ; Adrenal Cortex Hormones/*pharmacology ; Adrenalectomy ; Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Hippocampus/*drug effects ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neurons/drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred F344 ; Tetrodotoxin/pharmacology
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 1989-05-05
    Description: Activity-dependent variations in extracellular potassium concentration in the central nervous system may be regulated, in part, by potassium spatial buffering currents in glial cells. The role of spatial buffering in the retina was assessed by measuring light-evoked potassium changes in amphibian eyecups. The amplitude of potassium increases in the vitreous humor was reduced to approximately 10 percent by 50 micromolar barium, while potassium increases in the inner plexiform layer were largely unchanged. The decrease in the vitreal potassium response was accurately simulated with a numerical model of potassium current flow through Muller cells, the principal glial cells of the retina. Barium also substantially increased the input resistance of Muller cells and blocked the Muller cell-generated M-wave, indicating that barium blocks the potassium channels of Muller cells. Thus, after a light-evoked potassium increase within the retina, there is a substantial transfer of potassium from the retina to the vitreous humor by potassium current flow through Muller cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562506/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2562506/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Karwoski, C J -- Lu, H K -- Newman, E A -- EY 03526/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY 04077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY004077-19/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 5;244(4904):578-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens 30602.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785716" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Ambystoma ; Animals ; Barium/pharmacology ; Electric Conductivity ; *Light ; Necturus maculosus ; Neuroglia/drug effects/*metabolism/radiation effects ; Potassium/*metabolism ; Potassium Channels/physiology ; Rana pipiens ; Retina/*cytology ; Vitreous Body/metabolism
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 1989-03-10
    Description: Antisense RNA-mediated inhibition of gene expression was used to investigate the biological function of the c-raf-1 gene in a radiation-resistant human squamous carcinoma cell line, SQ-20B. S1 nuclease protection assays revealed that transfection of full-length raf complementary DNA in the antisense orientation (AS) leads to a specific reduction (greater than tenfold) of steady-state levels of the endogenous c-raf-1 sense (S) transcript in SQ-20B cells. In nude mice, the malignant potential of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (S) was significantly increased relative to that of SQ-20B cells transfected with raf (AS). SQ-20B cells containing transfected raf (S) maintained a radiation-resistant phenotype as compared to those cells harboring the AS version, which appeared to have enhanced radiation sensitivity. These data indicate that the reduced expression of endogenous c-raf-1 is sufficient to modulate the tumorigenicity and the radiation-resistant phenotype of SQ-20B cells, thus implicating c-raf-1 in a pathway important to the genesis of this type of cancer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kasid, U -- Pfeifer, A -- Brennan, T -- Beckett, M -- Weichselbaum, R R -- Dritschilo, A -- Mark, G E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1354-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Radiation Medicine, Vincent T. Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington 20007.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2466340" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Southern ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival/*radiation effects ; Clone Cells ; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Tumor Cells, Cultured/*radiation effects
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 1989-02-17
    Description: Mouse 3T3 cell lines capable of constitutively synthesizing an RNA complementary to the messenger RNA encoding TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases, were constructed by transfection with appropriate plasmid constructs. Many of the lines were down-modulated for TIMP messenger RNA levels and secreted less TIMP into the culture medium. In comparison to noninvasive, nontumorigenic controls, these cells not only were invasive in a human amnion invasion assay, but also were tumorigenic and metastatic in athymic mice. These results indicate that TIMP suppresses oncogenicity, at least in immortal murine 3T3 cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Khokha, R -- Waterhouse, P -- Yagel, S -- Lala, P K -- Overall, C M -- Norton, G -- Denhardt, D T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 17;243(4893):947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2465572" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; *Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Cells, Cultured ; Enzyme Inhibitors/*genetics/metabolism ; Female ; Metalloendopeptidases/antagonists & inhibitors ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Pituitary Neoplasms/genetics/pathology ; RNA/*genetics ; RNA, Antisense ; RNA, Messenger/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases ; Transfection
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Mice fed a chemically defined diet devoid of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) grew poorly, failed to reproduce, and became osteolathyritic. Moreover, severely affected mice had friable skin, skin collagen that was readily extractable into neutral salt solutions, and decreased lysyl oxidase. The identification of functional defects in connective tissue and the growth retardation associated with PQQ deprivation suggest that PQQ plays a fundamental role as a growth factor or vitamin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Killgore, J -- Smidt, C -- Duich, L -- Romero-Chapman, N -- Tinker, D -- Reiser, K -- Melko, M -- Hyde, D -- Rucker, R B -- AM-35747/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- HL-15965/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):850-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Nutrition, School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis 95616.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Coenzymes/*physiology ; Collagen/metabolism ; Female ; Growth Substances/physiology ; Mice ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; PQQ Cofactor ; Quinolones/deficiency/*physiology ; Skin/metabolism
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  • 46
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: Two types of potassium-selective channels activated by intracellular arachidonic acid or phosphatidylcholine have been found in neonatal rat atrial cells. In inside-out patches, arachidonic acid and phosphatidylcholine each opened outwardly rectifying potassium-selective channels with conductances of 160 picosiemens (IK.AA) and 68 picosiemens (IK.PC), respectively. These potassium channels were not sensitive to internally applied adenosine triphosphate (ATP), magnesium, or calcium. Lowering the intracellular pH from 7.2 to 6.8 or 6.4 reversibly increased IK.AA channel activity three- or tenfold, respectively. A number of fatty acid derivatives were tested for their ability to activate IK.AA. These potassium-selective channels may help explain the increase in potassium conductance observed in ischemic cells and raise the possibility that fatty acid derivatives act as second messengers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, D -- Clapham, D E -- HL 34873/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Arachidonic Acids/*pharmacology ; Atrial Function ; Heart/*physiology ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; In Vitro Techniques ; Kinetics ; Membrane Potentials ; Phosphatidylcholines/*pharmacology ; Potassium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; Rats
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 1989-09-15
    Description: The neutrophil Mac-1 and gp100MEL-14 adhesion proteins are involved in neutrophil extravasation during inflammation. Both the expression and activity of Mac-1 are greatly increased after neutrophil activation. In contrast, neutrophils shed gp100MEL-14 from the cell surface within 4 minutes after activation with chemotactic factors or phorbol esters, releasing a 96-kilodalton fragment of the antigen into the supernatant. Immunohistology showed that gp100MEL-14 was downregulated on neutrophils that had extravasated into inflamed tissue. The gp100MEL-14 adhesion protein may participate in the binding of unactivated neutrophils to the endothelium; rapid shedding of gp100MEL-14 may prevent extravasation into and damage of normal tissues by activated neutrophils.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kishimoto, T K -- Jutila, M A -- Berg, E L -- Butcher, E C -- AI 19957/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 15;245(4923):1238-41.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology, Stanford University, CA 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2551036" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Differentiation/*immunology ; Antigens, Surface/*immunology ; Bone Marrow Cells ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Chemotactic Factors/*physiology ; Complement C5/physiology ; Complement C5a ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Interleukin-1/physiology ; Interleukin-8 ; Kinetics ; Leukotriene B4/physiology ; Lipopolysaccharides/physiology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophage-1 Antigen ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Neutrophils/cytology/*immunology ; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/physiology
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  • 48
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-09-01
    Description: In developing nervous systems, many peripheral and central pathways are established by early arising populations of pioneer neurons. The growth cones of these pioneer neurons can migrate while embryonic distances are short and while intervening tissue is relatively uncomplicated. Are these pioneers necessary? In grasshopper embryos, a pair of pioneer neurons arise at the tips of limb buds and extend axons through the limb to the central nervous system. Growth cones of later arising sensory neurons migrate along the pioneer axons. After ingrowth of sensory axons, the pioneer neurons die. If the pioneer neurons are prevented from differentiating by heat shock, then the sensory growth cones that would have migrated along them are blocked and fail to reach the central nervous system. Thus, the pioneer axons are necessary for successful migration of these sensory growth cones. By crossing a segment boundary early in embryogenesis, the pioneers circumvent an incompatibility between differentiated segment boundary cells and growth cone migration. Pioneer neurons may resolve similar problems in many systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klose, M -- Bentley, D -- NS09074-20/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 1;245(4921):982-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772651" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Afferent Pathways/cytology/embryology ; Animals ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Grasshoppers/*embryology ; Hot Temperature ; Neurons/*physiology ; Peripheral Nerves/cytology/embryology
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 1989-09-08
    Description: Heat shock proteins are evolutionarily highly conserved polypeptides that are produced under a variety of stress conditions to preserve cellular functions. A major antigen of tubercle bacilli of 65 kilodaltons is a heat shock protein that has significant sequence similarity and cross-reactivity with antigens of various other microbes. Monoclonal antibodies against this common bacterial heat shock protein were used to identify a molecule of similar size in murine macrophages. Macrophages subjected to various stress stimuli including interferon-gamma activation and viral infection were recognized by class I-restricted CD8 T cells raised against the bacterial heat shock protein. These data suggest that heat shock proteins are processed in stressed host cells and that epitopes shared by heat shock proteins of bacterial and host origin are presented in the context of class I molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koga, T -- Wand-Wurttenberger, A -- DeBruyn, J -- Munk, M E -- Schoel, B -- Kaufmann, S H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Sep 8;245(4922):1112-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ulm, Federal Republic of Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2788923" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial/physiology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/physiology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/immunology ; Bacterial Proteins/*immunology/pharmacology ; Binding, Competitive ; Cross Reactions ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*immunology/pharmacology ; Macrophages/drug effects/*immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*immunology
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  • 50
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Birds are widely distributed, highly diversified, and exhibit behavior and social organizations equal in complexity to mammals, yet they are generally more conspicuous and approachable in natural environments. These attributes make birds excellent subjects in many areas of biological research. The topics in which studies on birds have figured prominently include the mechanisms of species formation, the regulation of the distribution and abundance of animals, the effects of the environment on behavior and physiology, the biological and evolutionary significance of variations in social organizations, the encoding of information in animal communication, the sensory basis for migration and navigation, the effects of hormones on nerve cells and behavior, the ontogeny of brain and behavior, and the structure and function of the vertebrate brain. The outstanding record of avian research suggests that birds will continue to provide important models for developing and testing new ideas in various fields of biology.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Konishi, M -- Emlen, S T -- Ricklefs, R E -- Wingfield, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):465-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Biological Evolution ; Biology/*methods ; Birds/*physiology ; Ecology ; Ethology/methods ; Neurobiology/methods
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  • 51
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-10-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koppenol, W H -- Bounds, P L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 20;246(4928):311.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Biodynamics Institute and Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2799389" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ; Humans ; *Radiation, Ionizing
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  • 52
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-10
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 10;243(4896):1253.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; Societies ; United States ; Universities
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: The messenger RNAs specifying certain proteins involved in the inflammatory response and certain oncoproteins contain a conserved UA-rich sequence in the 3' untranslated region. This sequence, which is composed of several interspersed repeats of the octanucleotide UUAUUUAU, has been shown to destabilize mRNA in some eukaryotes. However, this effect is not seen when mRNAs are transferred to Xenopus oocytes, which made it possible to separate stability from translational regulation. For interferon, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and c-fos RNAs, the UA-rich sequence was observed to preclude mRNA translation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kruys, V -- Marinx, O -- Shaw, G -- Deschamps, J -- Huez, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):852-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departement de Biologie Moleculaire, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2672333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Colony-Stimulating Factors/*genetics ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Growth Substances/*genetics ; Interferon Type I/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Protein Biosynthesis ; *Proto-Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 1989-04-07
    Description: Protein engineering and x-ray crystallography have been used to study the role of a surface loop that is present in pancreatic phospholipases but is absent in snake venom phospholipases. Removal of residues 62 to 66 from porcine pancreatic phospholipase A2 does not change the binding constant for micelles significantly, but it improves catalytic activity up to 16 times on micellar (zwitterionic) lecithin substrates. In contrast, the decrease in activity on negatively charged substrates is greater than fourfold. A crystallographic study of the mutant enzyme shows that the region of the deletion has a well-defined structure that differs from the structure of the wild-type enzyme. No structural changes in the active site of the enzyme were detected.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kuipers, O P -- Thunnissen, M M -- de Geus, P -- Dijkstra, B W -- Drenth, J -- Verheij, H M -- de Haas, G H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 7;244(4900):82-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2704992" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Crystallography ; Enzyme Activation ; Kinetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Pancreas/enzymology ; Phospholipases/*metabolism ; Phospholipases A/genetics/*metabolism/physiology ; Phospholipases A2 ; *Protein Conformation ; Snake Venoms/analysis ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Swine
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  • 55
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-02-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshland, D E Jr -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):585.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2916112" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Carcinogens ; Food Additives ; *Hazardous Substances ; Humans ; *Legislation, Drug
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: Complementary DNA's that encode an adenylyl cyclase were isolated from a bovine brain library. Most of the deduced amino acid sequence of 1134 residues is divisible into two alternating sets of hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. Each of the two large hydrophobic domains appears to contain six transmembrane spans. Each of the two large hydrophilic domains contains a sequence that is homologous to a single cytoplasmic domain of several guanylyl cyclases; these sequences may represent nucleotide binding sites. An unexpected topographical resemblance between adenylyl cyclase and various plasma membrane channels and transporters was observed. This structural complexity suggests possible, unappreciated functions for this important enzyme.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krupinski, J -- Coussen, F -- Bakalyar, H A -- Tang, W J -- Feinstein, P G -- Orth, K -- Slaughter, C -- Reed, R R -- Gilman, A G -- CA16519/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM12230/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM34497/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1558-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472670" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adenylyl Cyclases/genetics/isolation & purification ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Brain/enzymology ; *Carrier Proteins ; Cattle ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; *Ion Channels ; Membrane Proteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Protein Conformation ; Transfection
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  • 57
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: Vision in most vertebrates is an active process that requires the brain to combine retinal signals with information about eye movement. Eye movement information may feed forward from the motor control areas of the brain or feed back from the extrinsic eye muscles. Feedback signals elicited by passive eye movement selectively gate retinal outflow at the first relay, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus. The gating predominantly facilitates retinogeniculate transmission immediately after eye movement and inhibits transmission when a new steady-state eye position is achieved. These two gating effects are distributed in a complementary fashion across the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus such that the spatiotemporal activity profile could contribute to object detection and localization.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lal, R -- Friedlander, M J -- EY-05116/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):93-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Neurobiology Research Center, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35294.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911723" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Afferent Pathways/*physiology ; Animals ; Cats ; *Eye Movements ; Retina/*physiology ; *Vision, Ocular ; Visual Pathways/*physiology ; Visual Perception
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: CD4 is a cell surface glycoprotein that is thought to interact with nonpolymorphic determinants of class II major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules. CD4 is also the receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), binding with high affinity to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Homolog-scanning mutagenesis was used to identify CD4 regions that are important in class II MHC binding and to determine whether the gp120 and class II MHC binding sites of CD4 are related. Class II MHC binding was abolished by mutations in each of the first three immunoglobulin-like domains of CD4. The gp120 binding could be abolished without affecting class II MHC binding and vice versa, although at least one mutation examined reduced both functions significantly. These findings indicate that, while there may be overlap between the gp120 and class II MHC binding sites of CD4, these sites are distinct and can be separated. Thus it should be possible to design CD4 analogs that can block HIV infectivity but intrinsically lack the ability to affect the normal immune response by binding to class II MHC molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lamarre, D -- Ashkenazi, A -- Fleury, S -- Smith, D H -- Sekaly, R P -- Capon, D J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):743-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montreal, Quebec, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549633" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antigens, Surface ; Binding Sites ; DNA, Recombinant ; HIV/*metabolism ; HIV Envelope Protein gp120 ; HLA-DP Antigens/immunology ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II/*immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Receptors, HIV ; Receptors, Virus/genetics/immunology/*metabolism ; Retroviridae Proteins/immunology/*metabolism ; Rosette Formation ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 59
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: C/EBP is a rat liver nuclear protein capable of sequence-specific interaction with DNA. The DNA sequences to which C/EBP binds in vitro have been implicated in the control of messenger RNA synthesis. It has therefore been predicted that C/EBP will play a role in regulating gene expression in mammalian cells. The region of the C/EBP polypeptide required for direct interaction with DNA has been identified and shown to bear amino acid sequence relatedness with the product of the myc, fos, and jun proto-oncogenes. The arrangement of these related amino acid sequences led to the prediction of a new structural motif, termed the "leucine zipper," that plays a role in facilitating sequence-specific interaction between protein and DNA. Experimental tests now provide support for the leucine zipper hypothesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landschulz, W H -- Johnson, P F -- McKnight, S L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1681-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Department of Embryology, Baltimore, MD 21210.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2494700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; DNA/*metabolism ; Glutaral ; Leucine ; Liver/*analysis ; Macromolecular Substances ; Molecular Weight ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Rats ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Structure-Activity Relationship
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 1989-06-23
    Description: Chloride channels mediate absorption and secretion of fluid in epithelia, and the regulation of these channels is now known to be defective in cystic fibrosis. Indanyl-oxyacetic acid 94 (IAA-94) is a high-affinity ligand for the chloride channel, and an affinity resin based on that structure was developed. Solubilized proteins from kidney and trachea membranes were applied to the affinity matrix, and four proteins with apparent molecular masses of 97, 64, 40, and 27 kilodaltons were eluted from the column by excess IAA-94. A potential-dependent 36Cl- uptake was observed after reconstituting these proteins into liposomes. Three types of chloride channels with single-channel conductances of 26, 100, and 400 picosiemens were observed after fusion of these liposomes with planar lipid bilayers. Similar types of chloride channels have been observed in epithelia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Landry, D W -- Akabas, M H -- Redhead, C -- Edelman, A -- Cragoe, E J Jr -- Al-Awqati, Q -- DK-20999/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-39532/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK-41146/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 23;244(4911):1469-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2472007" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteriorhodopsins/metabolism ; Cattle ; Chloride Channels ; Chlorides/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Chlorine/metabolism ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Electric Conductivity ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Indans ; *Ion Channels/physiology ; Kidney Cortex/*analysis ; Light ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Membrane Potentials/drug effects ; Membrane Proteins/*isolation & purification/physiology ; Molecular Weight ; Radioisotopes ; Trachea/*analysis ; Valinomycin/pharmacology
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 1989-12-22
    Description: CD16 is a low-affinity immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc receptor that is expressed on natural killer (NK) cells, granulocytes, activated macrophages, and some T lymphocytes. Two similar genes, CD16-I and CD16-II, encode membrane glycoproteins that are anchored by phosphatidylinositol (PI)-glycan and transmembrane polypeptides, respectively. The primary structural requirements for PI-linkage were examined by constructing a series of hybrid cDNA molecules. Although both cDNA's have an identical COOH-terminal hydrophobic segment, CD16-I has Ser203 whereas CD16-II has Phe203. Conversion of Phe to Ser in CD16-II permits expression of a PI-glycan-anchored glycoprotein, whereas conversion of Ser to Phe in CD16-I prevents PI-glycan linkage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lanier, L L -- Cwirla, S -- Yu, G -- Testi, R -- Phillips, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 22;246(4937):1611-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Becton Dickinson Monoclonal Center, Inc., Mountain View, CA 94043.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2531919" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, CD/*genetics ; Antigens, Differentiation/*genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/immunology ; Codon/genetics ; *Genes, Immunoglobulin ; Granulocytes/immunology ; Humans ; Membrane Glycoproteins/*genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Phenylalanine ; Receptors, Fc/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, IgG ; *Serine ; Transfection
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 1989-03-17
    Description: T lymphocyte chemotactic factor (TCF) was purified to homogeneity from the conditioned media of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated human blood mononuclear leukocytes by a sequence of chromatography procedures. The amino-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified TCF showed identity with neutrophil-activating protein (NAP-1). Both TCF and recombinant NAP-1 (rNAP-1) were chemotactic for neutrophils and T lymphocytes in vitro supporting the identity of TCF with NAP-1. Injection of rNAP-1 into lymphatic drainage areas of lymph nodes in Fisher rats caused accelerated emigration of only lymphocytes in high endothelial venules. Intradermal injection of rNAP-1 caused dose-dependent accumulation of neutrophils and lymphocytes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Larsen, C G -- Anderson, A O -- Appella, E -- Oppenheim, J J -- Matsushima, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 17;243(4897):1464-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Molecular Immunoregulation, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21701.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2648569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chemotactic Factors/*isolation & purification ; *Chemotaxis, Leukocyte ; Interleukin-8 ; Peptides/*isolation & purification ; Rats ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 63
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: In each cell cycle the complex structure of the chromosome must be replicated accurately. In the last few years there have been major advances in understanding eukaryotic chromosome replication. Patterns of replication origins have been mapped accurately in yeast chromosomes. Cellular replication proteins have been identified by fractionating cell extracts that replicate viral DNA templates in vitro. Cell-free systems that initiate eukaryotic DNA replication in vitro have demonstrated the importance of complex nuclear architecture in the control of DNA replication. Although the events of S phase were relatively neglected for many years, knowledge of DNA replication is now advancing rapidly in step with other phases of the cell cycle.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Laskey, R A -- Fairman, M P -- Blow, J J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):609-14.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, England.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/physiology/ultrastructure ; Chromatin/physiology ; Chromosomes/physiology ; *DNA Replication ; *Interphase ; Models, Biological ; Transcription, Genetic
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  • 64
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-07-21
    Description: Ribozymes are RNA molecules that catalyze biochemical reactions. Fe(II)-EDTA, a solvent-based reagent which cleaves both double- and single-stranded RNA, was used to investigate the structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. Regions of cleavage alternate with regions of substantial protection along the entire RNA molecule. In particular, most of the catalytic core shows greatly reduced cleavage. These data constitute experimental evidence that an RNA enzyme, like a protein enzyme, has an interior and an exterior. Determination of positions where the phosphodiester backbone of the RNA is on the inside or on the outside of the molecule provides major constraints for modeling the three-dimensional structure of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. This approach should be generally informative for structured RNA molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Latham, J A -- Cech, T R -- GM 11227-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):276-82.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309-0215.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2501870" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoradiography ; Base Sequence ; Binding Sites ; Crystallography ; Edetic Acid ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Ferrous Compounds ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *RNA Splicing ; RNA, Catalytic ; RNA, Fungal/analysis ; *RNA, Ribosomal/analysis/metabolism ; RNA, Transfer, Phe/analysis ; Tetrahymena/*genetics
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 1989-07-07
    Description: Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) participates in many processes including early developmental events, angiogenesis, wound healing, and maintenance of neuronal cell viability. A 130-kilodalton protein was isolated on the basis of its ability to specifically bind to bFGF. A complementary DNA clone was isolated with an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to determined amino acid sequences of tryptic peptide fragments of the purified protein. The putative bFGF receptor encoded by this complementary DNA is a transmembrane protein that contains three extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, an unusual acidic region, and an intracellular tyrosine kinase domain. These domains are arranged in a pattern that is different from that of any growth factor receptor described.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, P L -- Johnson, D E -- Cousens, L S -- Fried, V A -- Williams, L T -- CA 21765/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL32898/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 7;245(4913):57-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2544996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Fibroblast Growth Factors/*genetics ; Kinetics ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Peptide Fragments/analysis ; Receptors, Cell Surface/*genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
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  • 66
    Publication Date: 1989-08-11
    Description: The three-dimensional solution structure of a zinc finger nucleic acid binding motif has been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectra of a synthetic peptide corresponding to a single zinc finger from the Xenopus protein Xfin yielded distance and dihedral angle constraints that were used to generate structures from distance geometry and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. The zinc finger is an independently folded domain with a compact globular structure in which the zinc atom is bound by two cysteine and two histidine ligands. The polypeptide backbone fold consists of a well-defined helix, starting as alpha and ending as 3(10) helix, packed against two beta strands that are arranged in a hairpin structure. A high density of basic and polar amino acid side chains on the exposed face of the helix are probably involved in DNA binding.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, M S -- Gippert, G P -- Soman, K V -- Case, D A -- Wright, P E -- GM 36643/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM38794/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 11;245(4918):635-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA 92037.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2503871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Cysteine/metabolism ; DNA/*metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Histidine/metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Metalloproteins/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Protein Conformation ; Solutions ; Thermodynamics ; Xenopus ; Zinc/metabolism
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  • 67
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: Activin, a dimer formed by the beta subunits of inhibin, has an effect that is opposite to that of inhibin in a number of biological systems. Which cell types secrete activin in vivo is not known. TM3 cells, a Leydig-derived cell line, contained messenger RNAs that hybridized with human beta A and beta B complementary DNA probes and were similar in size to the porcine messenger RNA for the beta subunits of inhibin. No hybridization to the inhibin alpha subunit was detectable in the TM3 cells. Conditioned medium from TM3 cells and from primary cultures of rat and porcine interstitial cells stimulated the release of follicle-stimulating hormone in a pituitary cell culture assay. It is likely that, in the testis, the Leydig cells secrete activin and the Sertoli cells produce inhibin, or a combination of both.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lee, W -- Mason, A J -- Schwall, R -- Szonyi, E -- Mather, J P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):396-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Culture, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2492117" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Activins ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/secretion ; Inhibins/*physiology/*secretion ; Leydig Cells/*physiology ; Male ; Mice ; Rats ; Sertoli Cells/physiology ; Swine ; Testis/cytology/*physiology
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: Embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell lines are models for early cells in mouse embryogenesis. A 300-base pair fragment of the heavy chain enhancer was inactive in F9 EC cells, unlike in other nonlymphoid cells where it has significant activity. Alterations of the octamer motif increased enhancer activity. Nuclear extracts from F9 cells contained an octamer binding protein (NF-A3) that was unique to EC cells; the amount of NF-A3 decreased upon differentiation. It is proposed that NF-A3 represses specific regulatory sequences that contain the octamer motif. Thus, the same DNA sequence mediates either negative or positive transcriptional effects, depending on the cell type.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lenardo, M J -- Staudt, L -- Robbins, P -- Kuang, A -- Mulligan, R C -- Baltimore, D -- CA 01074/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- HD0063/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HL37569/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):544-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2536195" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bucladesine/pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA/metabolism ; Embryonal Carcinoma Stem Cells ; *Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains/*genetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Mice ; Mutation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/*metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis ; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Repressor Proteins/genetics ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transfection ; Tretinoin/pharmacology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 69
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-03
    Description: In the report "Synthetic CD4 peptide derivatives that inhibit HIV infection and cytopathicity" by Jeffrey D. Lifson et al. (5 Aug., p. 712), the last seven residues of the CD4 peptide (26-50) should have been SFLTKGP rather than STLTKGP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Langer, G A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 3;243(4895):1126.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2922600" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Policy Making ; *Research ; United States ; *United States Dept. of Health and Human Services
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  • 70
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-17
    Description: Rana esculenta tropomyosin assembles in vivo into a coiled-coil alpha helix from two different subunits, alpha and beta, which are present in about equal concentrations. Although the native composition is alpha beta, a mixture of equal amounts of alpha alpha and beta beta is produced by refolding dissociated alpha and beta at low temperature in vitro. Refolding kinetics showed that alpha alpha formed first and was relatively stable with regard to chain exchange below approximately 20 degrees C. Equilibration of the homodimer mixture at 30 degrees and 34 degrees C for long times, however, resulted in the formation of the native alpha beta molecule by chain exchange. Biosynthesis of alpha beta from separate alpha and beta genes is, therefore, favored thermodynamically over the formation of homodimers, and biological factors need not be invoked to explain the preferred native alpha beta composition.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lehrer, S S -- Qian, Y D -- Hvidt, S -- HL22461/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 17;246(4932):926-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Muscle Research, Boston Biomedical Research Institute, MA 02114.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2814515" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Kinetics ; Macromolecular Substances ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; Muscles/metabolism ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Denaturation ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Rana esculenta ; Thermodynamics ; Tropomyosin/genetics/*metabolism
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: Although the functional aspects of the alpha beta T cell antigen receptor (TCR) found on most peripheral T cells are well described, the function of the gamma delta TCR remains unclear. Murine intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) of the small intestine are CD8+, express the gamma delta TCR, and are constitutively lytic. Fresh IEL from germ-free mice had no lytic activity. Moreover, whereas IEL from normal mice are 30 to 50 percent Thy-1+, IEL from germ-free did not express Thy-1. Acclimation of germ-free mice to nonsterile conditions resulted in the generation of Thy-1+ IEL and induction of lytic activity. Thus CD8+ TCR-gamma delta IEL were regulated by externally derived stimuli via a specific functional interaction between IEL and gut-associated antigens.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lefrancois, L -- Goodman, T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1716-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2564701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens/immunology ; Antigens, CD8 ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis ; Antigens, Surface/*analysis/immunology ; Antigens, Thy-1 ; *Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Epithelial Cells ; Germ-Free Life ; Immunosorbent Techniques ; Intestine, Small/*cytology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/analysis/*immunology ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 72
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chile ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; *Paleontology
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  • 73
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1140.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chile ; *Hominidae ; Humans ; North America ; *Paleontology
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  • 74
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 9;244(4909):1135.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727699" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; Animals, Wild ; *Elephants ; Industry ; United States
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 1989-12-08
    Description: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was purified from media conditioned by bovine pituitary folliculostellate cells (FC). VEGF is a heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells that is able to induce angiogenesis in vivo. Complementary DNA clones for bovine and human VEGF were isolated from cDNA libraries prepared from FC and HL60 leukemia cells, respectively. These cDNAs encode hydrophilic proteins with sequences related to those of the A and B chains of platelet-derived growth factor. DNA sequencing suggests the existence of several molecular species of VEGF. VEGFs are secreted proteins, in contrast to other endothelial cell mitogens such as acidic or basic fibroblast growth factors and platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor. Human 293 cells transfected with an expression vector containing a bovine or human VEGF cDNA insert secrete an endothelial cell mitogen that behaves like native VEGF.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leung, D W -- Cachianes, G -- Kuang, W J -- Goeddel, D V -- Ferrara, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Dec 8;246(4935):1306-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Genetech, South San Francisco, CA 94080.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Cattle ; Cell Division ; Cloning, Molecular ; Endothelium, Vascular/*cytology ; Gene Library ; Humans ; Lymphokines/genetics/*physiology/secretion ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Neovascularization, Pathologic/*physiopathology ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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  • 76
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-31
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 31;243(4899):1666-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928802" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Africa ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Europe ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology ; Humans ; *Paleontology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 77
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1544.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740901" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Brain/*anatomy & histology ; Ecology ; Genetics
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  • 78
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):482.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911755" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Animals, Wild/genetics ; Animals, Zoo/genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; *Inbreeding
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  • 79
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-03-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lewin, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Mar 24;243(4898):1549-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2928790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Altruism/physiology ; Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; DNA, Satellite/*genetics ; *Genetics, Population ; Molecular Biology/methods ; *Nucleotide Mapping ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Reproduction
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  • 80
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-27
    Description: The processes that underlie perception of consonants and vowels are specifically phonetic, distinct from those that localize sources and assign auditory qualities to the sound from each source. This specialization, or module, increases the rate of information flow, establishes the parity between sender and receiver that every communication system must have, and provides for the natural development of phonetic structures in the species and in the individual. The phonetic module has certain properties in common with modules that are "closed" (for example, sound localization or echo ranging in bats) and, like other members of this class, is so placed in the architecture of the auditory system as to preempt information that is relevant to its special function. Accordingly, this information is not available to such "open" modules as those for pitch, loudness, and timbre.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liberman, A M -- Mattingly, I G -- H-01994/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 27;243(4890):489-94.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT 06511.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2643163" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Auditory Perception/physiology ; Communication ; Humans ; *Phonetics ; Speech ; Speech Perception/*physiology
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  • 81
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-02
    Description: The scanning tunneling microscope can image uncoated DNA submerged in water. The grooves of the double helix were clearly resolved in images of the 146-base pair fragment extracted from calf thymus nucleosome. In contrast to images obtained with dry DNA, the helix pitch varied only a small amount (36 +/- 5 angstroms). The path of the helix shows considerable variation. It is quite straight when the molecules are densely packed, but it curves and bends in isolated molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lindsay, S M -- Thundat, T -- Nagahara, L -- Knipping, U -- Rill, R L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 2;244(4908):1063-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2727694" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Composition ; Cattle ; DNA/*ultrastructure ; *Microscopy, Electron ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Nucleosomes/analysis ; Solutions ; Thymus Gland/ultrastructure ; *Water
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is one of a small number of proteins with neurotrophic activities distinct from nerve growth factor (NGF). CNTF has now been purified and cloned and the primary structure of CNTF from rabbit sciatic nerve has been determined. Biologically active CNTF has been transiently expressed from a rabbit complementary DNA clone. CNTF is a neural effector without significant sequence homologies to any previously reported protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lin, L F -- Mismer, D -- Lile, J D -- Armes, L G -- Butler, E T 3rd -- Vannice, J L -- Collins, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):1023-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Protein Chemistry Group, Synergen, Inc., Boulder, CO 80301.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2587985" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factors/*genetics ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/biosynthesis/*genetics/isolation & purification ; Rabbits ; Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis ; Sciatic Nerve/metabolism ; Transfection
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: The patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its second messenger guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) on an amiloride-sensitive cation channel in the apical membrane of renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Both ANP (10(-11) M) and dibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (10(-4) M) inhibited the channel in cell-attached patches, and cGMP (10(-5) M) inhibited the channel in inside-out patches. The inner medullary collecting duct is the first tissue in which ANP, via its second messenger cGMP, has been shown to regulate single ion channels. The results suggest that the natriuretic action of ANP is related in part to cGMP-mediated inhibition of electrogenic Na+ absorption by the inner medullary collecting duct.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Light, D B -- Schwiebert, E M -- Karlson, K H -- Stanton, B A -- DK-34533/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):383-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH 03756.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2463673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aminoquinolines/pharmacology ; Animals ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor/*pharmacology ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclic GMP/pharmacology ; Ion Channels/*drug effects ; Kidney Medulla/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules/*drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Collecting/*drug effects ; Natriuresis ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism
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  • 84
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Linsk, R -- Gottesman, M -- Pernis, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 13;246(4927):261.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2799388" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, MHC Class I/physiology ; Immune Tolerance/*genetics ; Organ Specificity/*genetics ; Thymus Gland/physiology
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  • 85
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-04-07
    Description: Developing Retzius (Rz) neurons in different segments of the central nervous system of the medicinal leech have different peripheral targets: Rz cells in standard segments innervate the body wall, whereas Rz cells in the reproductive segments innervate reproductive tissue. Early removal of reproductive tissue primordia causes reproductive Rz cells to develop morphologically like their standard segmental homologs, suggesting that Rz cells depend on peripheral targets for signals that determine their central and peripheral morphology. Furthermore, after removal of reproductive tissue, reproductive Rz cells also receive synaptic inputs normally appropriate for standard Rz cells. These results suggest that the functional identity of these neurons is specified by the target they contact during embryogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loer, C M -- Kristan, W B Jr -- GM07313/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS20746/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Apr 7;244(4900):64-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2704990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/physiology ; Ganglia/physiology ; Leeches/growth & development/*physiology ; Neurons/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology
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  • 86
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-07-21
    Description: Regulation of pulmonary blood flow was studied during voluntary diving in the aquatic file snake, Acrochordus granulatus. Measurements of pressure and blood flow in pulmonary and systemic vessels indicate that blood flow completely bypasses the lung for significant periods during prolonged and quiescent submergence (greater than 30 minutes). When the lung is ventilated, pulmonary blood flow increases to 36 milliliters per minute per kilogram of body mass (measured in the anterior pulmonary artery), and the cardiac output largely bypasses the systemic circulation. These reciprocating patterns of preferential blood flow reflect inverse relations between flow and vascular resistance, with the result that systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures remain virtually constant throughout repetitive dive cycles. Neuropharmacological studies of freely diving snakes and isolated, perfused lung preparations show that pulmonary blood flow is regulated by an interplay of adrenergic vasodilatation and cholinergic vasoconstriction within the densely innervated lung vasculature. The patterns of blood circulation shown by diving Acrochordus reflect an unusual lability of intracardiac shunts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lillywhite, H B -- Donald, J A -- HL 33821/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jul 21;245(4915):293-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2749262" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiac Output ; Diving ; Heart Rate ; Pulmonary Artery/*physiology ; *Pulmonary Circulation ; Snakes/*physiology ; Vascular Resistance
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  • 87
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-10
    Description: A method was developed for selectively isolating genes from localized regions of the human genome that are contained in interspecific hybrid cells. Complementary human DNA was prepared from a human-rodent somatic cell hybrid that contained less than 1% human DNA, by using consensus 5' intron splice sequences as primers. These primers would select immature, unspliced messenger RNA (still retaining species-specific repeat sequences) as templates. Screening a derived complementary DNA library for human repeat sequences resulted in the isolation of human clones at the anticipated frequency with characteristics expected of exons of transcribed human genes--single copy sequences that hybridized to discrete bands on Northern (RNA) blots.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Liu, P -- Legerski, R -- Siciliano, M J -- GM19436/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 10;246(4931):813-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2479099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Blotting, Northern ; Blotting, Southern ; Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; DNA/biosynthesis/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; *Hybrid Cells ; Introns ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA/genetics ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Restriction Mapping ; Templates, Genetic
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  • 88
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Neuronal activity in the superior temporal sulcus of monkeys, a cortical region that plays an important role in analyzing visual motion, was related to the subjective perception of movement during a visual task. Single neurons were recorded while monkeys (Macaca mulatta) discriminated the direction of motion of stimuli that could be seen moving in either of two directions during binocular rivalry. The activity of many neurons was dictated by the retinal stimulus. Other neurons, however, reflected the monkeys' reported perception of motion direction, indicating that these neurons in the superior temporal sulcus may mediate the perceptual experience of a moving object.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Logothetis, N K -- Schall, J D -- EY00676/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- EY05959/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):761-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2772635" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Animals ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Macaca mulatta ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Saccades ; Visual Perception/*physiology
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: T cell vaccination against experimental autoimmune disease is herein shown to be mediated in part by anti-ergotypic T cells, T cells that recognize and respond to the state of activation of other T cells. The anti-ergotypic response thus combines with the previously shown anti-idiotypic T cell response to regulate autoimmunity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lohse, A W -- Mor, F -- Karin, N -- Cohen, I R -- NS 23372/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):820-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Weizmann Institute of Science, Department of Cell Biology, Rehovot, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2471264" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Bacterial/immunology ; Autoimmune Diseases/*immunology ; Concanavalin A/pharmacology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*immunology ; Hypersensitivity, Delayed ; Immunization ; Immunization, Passive ; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes/immunology ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Lew ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 1989-02-03
    Description: Although the structure of rabbit skeletal muscle dihydropyridine (DHP) receptor, deduced from cDNA sequence, indicates that this protein is the channel-forming subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channel (VDCC), no functional proof for this prediction has been presented. Two DNA oligonucleotides complementary to DHP-receptor RNA sequences coding for putative membrane-spanning regions of the DHP receptor specifically suppress the expression of the DHP-sensitive VDCC from rabbit and rat heart in Xenopus oocytes. However, these oligonucleotides do not suppress the expression of the DHP-insensitive VDCC and of voltage-dependent sodium and potassium channels. Thus, the gene for DHP receptor of rabbit skeletal muscle is closely related, or identical to, a gene expressed in heart that encodes a component of the DHP-sensitive VDCC. The DHP-sensitive and DHP-insensitive VDCCs are distinct molecular entities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lotan, I -- Goelet, P -- Gigi, A -- Dascal, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Feb 3;243(4891):666-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2464853" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, ; 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ; ester/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium Channels/drug effects/*physiology ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA Probes ; Electric Conductivity ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Muscles/analysis ; Myocardium/analysis ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oocytes/physiology ; RNA/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Receptors, Nicotinic/*genetics ; Xenopus
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  • 91
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacDonald, H R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 24;246(4933):982.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Epalinzes, Switzerland.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2686027" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Immune Tolerance ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 1989-08-04
    Description: Complementary DNA clones, encoding the LH-hCG (luteinizing hormone-human choriogonadotropic hormone) receptor were isolated by screening a lambda gt11 library with monoclonal antibodies. The primary structure of the protein was deduced from the DNA sequence analysis; the protein contains 696 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 27 amino acids. Hydropathy analysis suggests the existence of seven transmembrane domains that show homology with the corresponding regions of other G protein-coupled receptors. Three other types of clones corresponding to shorter proteins were observed, in which the putative transmembrane domain was absent. These probably arose through alternative splicing. RNA blot analysis showed similar patterns in testis and ovary with a major RNA of 4700 nucleotides and several minor species. The messenger RNA was expressed in COS-7 cells, yielding a protein that bound hCG with the same affinity as the testicular receptor.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Loosfelt, H -- Misrahi, M -- Atger, M -- Salesse, R -- Vu Hai-Luu Thi, M T -- Jolivet, A -- Guiochon-Mantel, A -- Sar, S -- Jallal, B -- Garnier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 4;245(4917):525-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale Unite 135, Hopital de Bicetre, France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2502844" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Membrane/*metabolism ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; Female ; GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Ovary/analysis ; Protein Sorting Signals/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Receptors, LH/*genetics/metabolism ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Swine ; Testis/analysis ; Tissue Distribution
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 1989-01-06
    Description: Antigen (egg albumin) injections, which stimulate mucosal mast cells to secrete mediators, were paired with an audiovisual cue. After reexposure to the audiovisual cue, a mediator (rat mast cell protease II) was measured with a sensitive and specific assay. Animals reexposed to only the audiovisual cue released a quantity of protease not significantly different from animals reexposed to both the cue and the antigen; these groups released significantly more protease than animals that had received the cue and antigen in a noncontingent manner. The results support a role for the central nervous system as a functional effector of mast cell function in the allergic state.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉MacQueen, G -- Marshall, J -- Perdue, M -- Siegel, S -- Bienenstock, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 6;243(4887):83-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911721" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Conditioning, Classical ; Mast Cells/*enzymology/immunology ; Ovalbumin ; Photic Stimulation ; Rats ; Reference Values ; Serine Endopeptidases/*secretion
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  • 94
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-06-30
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glantz, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jun 30;244(4912):1531.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2740895" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Animal Experimentation ; *Animal Welfare ; Animals ; *Animals, Laboratory ; *Economics ; Federal Government ; *Government Regulation ; *Legislation, Veterinary ; National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; United States
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 1989-05-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gowda, D C -- Margolis, R K -- Frangione, B -- Ghiso, J -- Larrondo-Lillo, M -- Margolis, R U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 May 19;244(4906):826-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2499044" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms ; *Amyloid ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; Animals ; Heparin/*analogs & derivatives ; Pheochromocytoma ; *Protein Precursors ; *Proteoglycans ; Rats ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
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  • 96
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-01-20
    Description: The bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum, is the principal vector to southern African ruminants of heartwater (Cowdria ruminantium infection). The role of feeding male ticks, which emit an aggregation-attachment pheromone, in attracting unfed ticks to cattle was investigated. Calves infested with feeding male ticks were more attractive to unfed adult ticks than were uninfested calves. The presence of the pheromone on previously infested cattle apparently allows unfed ticks to discriminate between hosts on which these parasites have fed successfully (suitable hosts) and those on which they have not (potentially unsuitable hosts). The use of acaricides is thus unlikely to reduce bont tick populations in areas where adequate numbers of alternate (wild) hosts are present. Also, cattle so treated may lose their resistance to heartwater through lessened exposure to infected ticks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Norval, R A -- Andrew, H R -- Yunker, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Jan 20;243(4889):364-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉U.S. Agency for International Development, Zimbabwe Heartwater Research Project, Veterinary Research Laboratory, Causeway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2911745" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cattle/parasitology ; Cattle Diseases/transmission ; Heartwater Disease/*transmission ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Ticks/*physiology
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 1989-08-18
    Description: Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is a human mitogen that is specific for epithelial cells. The complementary DNA sequence of KGF demonstrates that it is a member of the fibroblast growth factor family. The KGF transcript was present in stromal cells derived from epithelial tissues. By comparison with the expression of other epithelial cell mitogens, only KGF, among known human growth factors, has the properties of a stromal mediator of epithelial cell proliferation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Finch, P W -- Rubin, J S -- Miki, T -- Ron, D -- Aaronson, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 18;245(4919):752-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2475908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Division ; Codon ; DNA/genetics/isolation & purification ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelium/analysis/metabolism ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 10 ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 7 ; *Fibroblast Growth Factors/genetics ; Fibroblasts/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Growth Substances/*genetics/physiology ; Humans ; Mesoderm/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; RNA/analysis ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Skin/analysis ; Tissue Distribution ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-08-25
    Description: Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is a widely studied cellular example of synaptic plasticity. However, the identity, localization, and interplay among the biochemical signals underlying LTP remain unclear. Intracellular microelectrodes have been used to record synaptic potentials and deliver protein kinase inhibitors to postsynaptic CA1 pyramidal cells. Induction of LTP is blocked by intracellular delivery of H-7, a general protein kinase inhibitor, or PKC(19-31), a selective protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, or CaMKII(273-302), a selective inhibitor of the multifunctional Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII). After its establishment, LTP appears unresponsive to postsynaptic H-7, although it remains sensitive to externally applied H-7. Thus both postsynaptic PKC and CaMKII are required for the induction of LTP and a presynaptic protein kinase appears to be necessary for the expression of LTP.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malinow, R -- Schulman, H -- Tsien, R W -- GM30179/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- NS24067/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Aug 25;245(4920):862-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Beckman Center, Stanford University School of Medicine 94305.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2549638" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine ; Animals ; Calcium-Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinases ; In Vitro Techniques ; Isoquinolines/pharmacology ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Protein Kinase C/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Protein Kinases/*physiology ; Rats ; Receptors, AMPA ; Receptors, Kainic Acid ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology ; Synapses/*physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: Several evolutionarily conserved proteins constitute a universal mitotic trigger that is precisely controlled during the orderly cell divisions of embryogenesis. As development progresses, the mechanisms controlling this trigger change. Early divisions are executed by maternally synthesized gene products, and in Xenopus they are timed by the accumulation and periodic degradation of cyclin, a trigger component. Later, the zygotic genome assumes control, and in Drosophila, zygotic transcription is required for production of another trigger protein, the product of string. After this transition to zygotic control, pulses of string transcription define the timing of highly patterned embryonic cell divisions and cyclin accumulation is not rate limiting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Farrell, P H -- Edgar, B A -- Lakich, D -- Lehner, C F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):635-40.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2683080" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Division ; Drosophila/embryology/*growth & development ; Embryo, Nonmammalian/*physiology ; Gene Expression ; Mitosis ; Xenopus/*growth & development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Unknown
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1989-11-03
    Description: The ability to clone large fragments of DNA in yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC's) has created the possibility of obtaining global physical maps of complex genomes. For this application to be feasible, most sequences in complex genomes must be able to be cloned in YAC's, and most clones must be genetically stable and colinear with the genomic sequences from which they originated (that is, not liable to undergo rearrangement). These requirements have been met with a YAC library containing DNA fragments from Drosophila melanogaster ranging in size up to several hundred kilobase pairs. Preliminary characterization of the Drosophila YAC library was carried out by in situ hybridization of random clones and analysis of clones containing known sequences. The results suggest that most euchromatic sequences can be cloned. The library also contains clones in which the inserted DNA is derived from the centromeric heterochromatin. The locations of 58 clones collectively representing about 8 percent of the euchromatic genome are presented.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garza, D -- Ajioka, J W -- Burke, D T -- Hartl, D L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Nov 3;246(4930):641-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110-1095.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2510296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Chromosome Mapping ; Chromosomes, Fungal ; Cloning, Molecular ; Drosophila melanogaster/*genetics ; *Genes ; Genomic Library ; Heterochromatin/analysis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Salivary Glands/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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