ALBERT

Description: Prom a number of Ginkgo trees kernels were examined. The investigation of the variability of the material was greatly favoured by the large number of stones, in total about 4700. In addition, one tree, grown in the Botanic Garden at Leyden, supplied the material for an investigation of the variability of the female “flowers”, in total about 1700. 1. The number of female “flowers” or rather macrosporangiophores on the brachyblasts (short shoots) proved to be most variable, showing a correlation with the age of the shoot (Table I, fig. 1). 2. A subdivision of the macrosporangiophores into a series of types proved to be possible (Table II, fig. 2-3). 3. A certain relation between the shape of the macrosporangiophore and the shape of the leafy organs from whose axil it arises, was stated. Here again the age of the brachyblasts plays a part. It should be emphasized that the term “abnormality” is misleading. A great number of so-called abnormalities in the macrosporangiophores of Ginkgo prove to form part of a normal series of gradating variations (Table III, fig. 4). 4. There proved to be a relation between the shape of the seed and the shape of the kernels (fig. 5). Oblong seeds give long, pointed stones, while pear-shaped seeds contain club-shaped kernels. Furthermore very small seeds with normally shaped, but very small stones were found. Finally seeds are found in which the pollen-chamber is situated laterally instead of apically. In these seeds the stone is abnormal in shape, its sclerotesta mostly being incompletely lignified. 5. A further point of investigation was the length of the seed stalk (Table IV, fig. 6). This shows a considerable variation, the Leyden material possessing very short seeds stalks, while the Maastricht material had intermediate, that from Slikkerveer long stalks. 6. Finally the variation of the shape of the kernel was investigated. First of all a subdivision into stones with 1, 2, 3 or 4 ribs was made (Table V). The Leyden tree produced relatively many stones of the first group, but four-ribbed kernels are very rare, two- and three-ribbed ones being in the majority. The ratio two-ribbed stones: three-ribbed stones proved to be ± 3 (Table VI). It is probable that the material of Affourtit and La Rivière has been subject to some sort of selection, on account of which their results are not fully trustworthy. 7. There proved to be a strong variation in the angles between the ribs in two- and three-ribbed seed stones (Tables VII and VIII). In the two-ribbed kernels a tendency towards angles of 180° was stated (fig. 7), the most frequent shape being that of the kernel of a prune. 8. The graphic expression of the variability of three-ribbed stones presented some difficulties. To their solution Bakhuis Roozeboom’s triangle-method was chosen (figs 8-11). The most important result is the extreme rarity of regular seedstones with three angles of about 120° (Table IX). 9. It is certainly very remarkable that so ancient a plant as Ginkgo biloba shows such a variability in so many respects.

Description: Some years ago I treated a number of species of the genus Axonopus in Blumea IV, p. 510. Among them was Axonopus Fockei Henr., based upon Mez’s Paspalum Fockei, which was published in Fedde’s Repertorium XV, 1917, p. 62. I mentioned Ule’s number 8022 as identified by Mez himself being his Paspalum Fockei.

Description: Now that the war in Europe is over it seems appropriate, before returning to our regular duties, to devote soms words to the fate and the activities of our institution during that period. For Dutch readers many particulars may be found in the “Jaarverslagen” (Annual Reports) ; for sister-institutions abroad the following points may be of some interest. First of all it may be stated with deep gratitude that the National Herbarium of Holland has suffered no severe losses in man or material during the war.

Description: In one of his papers on Malaysian Orchids R. Schleehter (1911) expresses his surprise that the flora of Celebes, though promising so much from a phytogeographical point of view, is very little known in comparison with that of the Philippines and Java and even with that of Borneo. In 1926 E. D. Merrill repeated this assumption with little less emphasis, and it is, indeed, still holding good even nowadays. I am not able to tell the reason why Celebes has been so much neglected in this respect, though it has been given ample attention by zoogeographers. Yet, botanical exploration has been carried out ever since the French scientific world cruises of the “Astrolabe” (1828) and the “Astrolabe” and the “Zelee” (1839). The more important collections have been enumerated in the “Appendix” to the present paper and among these the most outstanding ones are those made by the Neth. – Indian Forestry Service and by such individual collectors as Forsten (1840, N), Zollinger (1847, SW and Salajar), Teysmann and De Vriese (1860, N), Teysmann (1877, SW and Salajar), Warburg (1888, SW), Koorders (1894—’95, N), P. and F. Sarasin (1893—’96 and 1902—’03, all parts), Elbert (1909, SE), Schleehter (1910, N), Van Vuuren (1912—’14, SW, C, SE), Docters van Leeuwen (1913, Salajar, etc.), Kaudern (1917—’20, SE, C, E, N), Bunnemeyer (1921, SW), Lam (1926, Talaud), Kjellberg (1929—’30, SW, SE), Eyma (1938, C, E) and Monod de Froideville (1937—’39, SW, C, SE).

Description: In a previous number of this volume (Blumea V, nr. 1, 1942, p. 66—80), one of the junior writers of the present paper published an account of nomenclatorial changes concerning javanese Verbenaceae. This paper was written as a supplement to a larger work by the senior writer, who has for long years devoted most of his activities to the study of the flora of Java, on which it was his privilege to publish some more or less extensive papers, all of them in the Dutch language 2). These publications may be considered materials for a Flora of Java. In fact, some of them have the character and even the title of such a flora, though on account of several circumstances none of them could be completed. Since the senior writer had retired from his official duties, an attempt was made to fill up this gap. For this purpose numerous scattered annotations were sorted and a start was made with the design of a reviewed and complete Flora of Java, again in Dutch. However, it soon became evident that this work was too extensive a task for a single man of my age and I therefore requested the help of the director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden. Through his kind mediation the collaboration was procured of some junior assistants. In the first phase of the work financial support to this end was kindly granted, first by the “Maatschappij ter Bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloniën” and afterwards also by the “Korthalsfonds”, managed by the Royal Netherlands’ Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam and by “Greshoff’s Rumphiusfonds”. Prof. Dr A. A. Pulle, Utrecht, kindly took an interest in this work and lent his intermediary in procuring the greater part of the necessary funds. In a later stage, however, also the Government could be convinced of the importance of this work and of a rapid rate of its progress and first one, later on two assistants were added to the Staff of the Rijksherbarium with the special instruction to assist me in my work. Recently a third assistant was appointed at the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the Utrecht University. I take pleasure to avail myself of this opportunity to tender my best thanks to Dr Pulle and to Dr Lam for their kind collaboration, as well as to the Societies and Foundations, whose generous help in the earlier phases of the work appeared to be vital for starting it.

Description: The following notes are mainly based upon a small but interesting collection of plants, made in 1937—1939 by Mr C. Monod de Froideville, Civil Service Officer in the Netherlands Indies, during his extensive trips in the southern and central parts of the island of Celebes. His hobby was the study of Leguminosae and about half of his collection consists of representatives of that natural order. For several reasons, however, they have been left out of the present paper, for one thing since Mr Monod is intending to deal with them later on himself, a task, which circumstances unfortunately prevent him from accomplishing at present; and secondly since they promise geographically less important results than most other families, many of them being anthropochorous. However, beside Leguminosae, Mr Monod collected a good many other plants and though some of his material was necessarily scanty on account of the fact that the proper purpose of his trips lay outside purely botanical observations, it contains enough remarkable specimens, especially from the practically unknown interior of Central Celebes (Mt. Mamboeliling), to justify a record of them. Mr Monod has proved to be a keen observer and a thorough amateur botanist and geologist. Several of the specimens had been provisorily checked by Dr C. G. G. J. van Steenis, Buitenzorg, which was a great help in their final identification. Regarding this, it was my good fortune to win the help of several specialists in identifying specimens belonging to families falling within the scope of their special study. Thus I am indebted to the following investigators for their kind collaboration: Miss Dr G. J. H. Amshoff (Utrecht): Urticaceae. Dr R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink (Leiden) : Melastomataceae. Dr C. E. B. Bremekamp (Bilthoven) : Acanthaceae, Rubiaceae. Dr J. Th. Henrard (Leiden) : Graminead. Dr F. P. Jonker (Utrecht) : Burmanniaceae. Miss Dr J. Th. Koster (Leiden) : Compositae. Dr S. J. van Ooststroom (Leiden)': Convolvulaceae, Violaceae. Dr J. J. Smith (Oegstgeest) : Orchidaceae. Dr H. Uittien † (Deventer) : Cyperaceae.

Description: Planta parva. Caules erecti, tenues, basi tantum ramosi, basi radicantes, c. 23 cm longi, inferne vaginati, superne 3—4-foliati. Folia erecto-patentia, lanceolata, acuminata, acutissima, basi acuta, nervis 5 majoribus sicco subtus et etiam supra prominentibus pluribusque tenuibus, sicco membranacea, ad c. 8—12 cm longa, 1.85—2.2 cm lata, ultimum multo angustius; vagina elongata, tubulosa, prominenter nervosa. Inflorescentia terminalis, erecta, simplex, densissime multiflora, quaquaversa, pedunculo c. 3 cm longo, inferne vagina folii ultimi incluso, superne vaginula lineari c. 3 cm longa donato, rachide c. 1.2 cm longa. Bracteae valde approximatae, patentissimae vel subpatentissimae, e basi triangula longe subulato-lineari-acuminatae, 5-nerviae, ad c. 0.7 cm longae, basi dilatata fere 0.3 cm longa 0.25 cm lata, superiores minores. Flores patentes, non resupinati, c. 0.75 cm longi, sepalis petalisque divergentibus. Sepalum dorsale cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, incurvulum, oblongum, apicem versus angustatum, obtusum, concavum, parte inferiore dorso parce patentissime puberulum, 3-nervium, c. 0.65 cm longum, 0.225 cm latum. Sepala lateralia marginibus anticis c. 1/3 longitudinis connata atque rotundato-saccata, divergentia, 2/5 partibus superioribus recurvula, oblique oblonga, subsigmoidea, apice angustata, acutiuscula, valde concava, dorso nonnullis pilis brevibus inspersa, 3-nervia, costa media dorso incrassata, c. 0.64 cm longa, 0.2 cm lata. Petala oblique elliptica, subfalcatula, obtiuscula, canaliculato-concava, 3-nervia, costa media dorso valde incrassata inter sepala prominente et pilis raris inspersa, c. 0.6 cm longa, 0.25 cm lata. Labellum cum ovario angulum obtusum faeiens, gynostemio parallelum, valde concavum, 2/5 partibus superioribus valde recurvum, apice incurvulum, subtus alte sulcatum, intus valde 3-costatum, costa intermedia in 1/3 supra basin terminante, costis exterioribus intramarginalibus in bene 2/3 supra basin arcuato-incurvis et terminantibus, inexplanatum c. 0.475 cm longum, explanatum ambitu quinquangulari-ovatum, infra medium utrinque leviter obtusangule dilatatum, apice in laminam triangulam obtusam crenulatam contractum, 3-nervium, totum fere 0.6 cm longum, fere 0.4 cm latum, lamina 0.15 cm longa, 0.175 cm lata. Gynostemium cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, rectum, apicem versus paulum incrassatum, dorso convexum, c. 0.375 cm longum, clinandrio concavo, subquadrangulo cum costa longitudinali. Anthera conspicua, cucullata, cordata, acuta, lobulis basilaribus brevissimis rotundatis, connectivo convexo-costiformi, fere 0.25 cm longa. Pollinia 2, clavata, sulcata, cum stipite longo lineari et glandula parva oblonga fere 0.3 cm longa. Rostellum porrectum, e basi lata acuminatum, acute bidentatum. Stigma margine inferiore semirotundatum productumque. Ovarium 6-sulcatum, pilis raris brevibus inspersum, c. 0.45 cm longum. Soemba: In the eastern part, Maoemaroe, in forest. (Iboet n. 425, 7 May 1925; “flowers white”).

Description: Neuwiedia (sect. Euneuwiedia) Griffithii Rehb.f. Xenia Orch. II (1874), 215; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXV (1890), 235, 241, t. XLVIII, fig. 2—9; in Orch. Rev. II (1894), 276; IV (1896), 329; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. VI (1890), 176; in Bot. Mag. CXXI (1895), t. 7425; Krzl. Orch. I (1897), 4; Pfitz. in Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (1903), 5; Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896), 416; Mat. Fl. Mal. Penins. I (1907), 231; Fl. Mal. Penins. IV (1924), 296. Planta in genere parva. Caulis erectus, rigidus, teres, dilute viridis, c. 14 cm longus, 0.63 cm diam., c. 10-folius. Folia erecto-patentia, recurva, lanceolata, sensim longe et acutissime acuminata, basi acuta sensim in petioluin contracta, plicaita, nervis c. 7 subtus prominentibus, nervis tenuioribus alternantibus, papyracea, utrinque nitidule viridia, c. 18.5— 22 cm longa, 4—5 cm lata, summa minora; petiolus latus, canaliculatus, 3-costatus, cum vagina tubulosa antice basi excepta rumpente c. 5.5—6.5 cm longus. Inflorescentia erecta, foliis multo brevior, subdense multiflora, cylindrica, pedunculo hirtello, atroviridi, c. 4 cm longo, nonnullis vaginulis in bracteas vergentibus donato, rachide angulato-cylindrica, patentissime hirtella, atroviridi, c. 6.5 cm longa. Bracteae patentes, incurvulae, e basi ovata sensim longe subulato-acuminatae, anguste obtusae, basi rachidem semiamplectentes, praesertim basi concavae, dorso et margine hirtellae, 3-nerviae, virides, ad c. 1.4 cm longae, superiores minores. Flores quaquaversi, parvuli, patentes, nutantes, sepalis dorso patentissime superne patenter strigillosis petalisque conniventibus, concavis, tenuibus, albis, pallide flavescenti-apiculatis. Sepalum dorsale ellipticum, apiculo tereti strigilloso, valde concavum, totum c. 0.83 cm longum, apiculo 0.05 cm, 0.4 cm latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-elliptiea, apice cucullatoobtusa cum apiculo recto tereti-subulato strigilloso 0.08 cm longo, concava, costa media dorso convexo-incrassata, tota c. 0.87 cm longa, 0.375 cm lata. Petala late elliptico-obovata, obtusa, apice vix cucullata, basi margine antico vix unguiculato-contraeta, concava, costa media dorso valde incrassata strigosaque apice in apiculum brevem producta in praefloratione inter sepala prominente, c. 0.8 cm longa, 0.525 cm lata. Labellum a gynostemio subrectangule patens et recurvulum, supra basin obtusangule incurvum, stigma paululum superans, valde concavum, explanatum cuneato-angulato-obovatum, apice cucullato-obtusissimum, ungue cuneato excepto leviter crispulum et erosulum, basi intus valde convexoincrassatum, costa media dorso valde prominente et strigosa apice in apiculum incurvulum teretem hirtellum producta, fere 0.8 cm longum, mucrone 0.05 cm longo, 0.6 cm latum. Gynostemium totum c. 0.62 cm, usque ad apicem antherarum 0.4 cm longum. Stamina 3, glabra, inferne cum stylo in columnam rotundato-trigonam supra subtusque 2-sulcatum, c. 0.13 cm longam connata, superne divergentia, filamenti dorsalis pars libera a dorso compressa, oblonga, vix flavescenti-alba, c. 0.1 cm longa; filainentorum lateralium pars libera dorsali similis, 0.13 cm longa; antherae conniventes, fere basifixae, introrsae, praesertim dorsalis valde incurvae, cordatae, apicem versus paululum angustatae, late obtusae, lobis basilaribus obtusis, dorso valde convexae cum sulco levi longitudinali, crassae, vix flaveseenti-albae, dorsalis fere c. 2 cm longa, 0.14 cm lata, laterales bene 0.2 cm longae, 0.175 cm latae. Stylus undatus, teres, leviter clavatus, apice (stigmate) obtusus et papillosus, albus, basi dilute. sulphureus, totus c. 0.6 cm, parte libera 0.525 cm longus. Ovarium pedieellatum curvulum, rotundato-trigonum, patentissime strigillosum, pedicello apicem versus incrassato, pallide viridi, c. 0.33 cm longo, ovario trigono-ellipsoideo, viridi, c. 0.4 cm longo, fere 0.3 cm diam., apice in rostrum apice obliquum pallide viride dorso c. 0.275 cm longum contractum.

Description: In Blumea V (1943), 316, I published a list of the Orchidaceae collected by Dr van Steenis in Atjeh. In this list a certain number of specimens were purposely omitted, on account of the fact that flowers had been preserved in alcohol, which material, however, was apparently not extant in Leiden. Under these conditions I have worked up the herbarium so far as possible from the dried specimens only. Peristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lndl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. (1835), 299; etc.

Description: 1a. Parasitic plants with filiform, twining stems, leafless or with minute pale scales. Flowers small, in clusters or short racemes; corolla mostly with 5 episepalous fimbriate scales inside ( Cuscuteae Hall, f.) 1. Cuscuta b. Non-parasitic plants with green leaves 2 2a. Pollen spinulose ( Echinoconiae Hall.f.) 18 b. Pollen not spinulose ( Psiloconiae Hall.f.) 3

Description: Neuwiedia (sect. Euneuwiedia) Griffithii Rehb.f. Xenia Orch. II (1874), 215; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXV (1890), 235, 241, t. XLVIII, fig. 2\xe2\x80\x949; in Orch. Rev. II (1894), 276; IV (1896), 329; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. VI (1890), 176; in Bot. Mag. CXXI (1895), t. 7425; Krzl. Orch. I (1897), 4; Pfitz. in Pflanzenr. IV. 50 (1903), 5; Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXXII (1896), 416; Mat. Fl. Mal. Penins. I (1907), 231; Fl. Mal. Penins. IV (1924), 296.\nPlanta in genere parva. Caulis erectus, rigidus, teres, dilute viridis, c. 14 cm longus, 0.63 cm diam., c. 10-folius. Folia erecto-patentia, recurva, lanceolata, sensim longe et acutissime acuminata, basi acuta sensim in petioluin contracta, plicaita, nervis c. 7 subtus prominentibus, nervis tenuioribus alternantibus, papyracea, utrinque nitidule viridia, c. 18.5\xe2\x80\x94 22 cm longa, 4\xe2\x80\x945 cm lata, summa minora; petiolus latus, canaliculatus, 3-costatus, cum vagina tubulosa antice basi excepta rumpente c. 5.5\xe2\x80\x946.5 cm longus. Inflorescentia erecta, foliis multo brevior, subdense multiflora, cylindrica, pedunculo hirtello, atroviridi, c. 4 cm longo, nonnullis vaginulis in bracteas vergentibus donato, rachide angulato-cylindrica, patentissime hirtella, atroviridi, c. 6.5 cm longa. Bracteae patentes, incurvulae, e basi ovata sensim longe subulato-acuminatae, anguste obtusae, basi rachidem semiamplectentes, praesertim basi concavae, dorso et margine hirtellae, 3-nerviae, virides, ad c. 1.4 cm longae, superiores minores. Flores quaquaversi, parvuli, patentes, nutantes, sepalis dorso patentissime superne patenter strigillosis petalisque conniventibus, concavis, tenuibus, albis, pallide flavescenti-apiculatis. Sepalum dorsale ellipticum, apiculo tereti strigilloso, valde concavum, totum c. 0.83 cm longum, apiculo 0.05 cm, 0.4 cm latum. Sepala lateralia oblique ovato-elliptiea, apice cucullatoobtusa cum apiculo recto tereti-subulato strigilloso 0.08 cm longo, concava, costa media dorso convexo-incrassata, tota c. 0.87 cm longa, 0.375 cm lata. Petala late elliptico-obovata, obtusa, apice vix cucullata, basi margine antico vix unguiculato-contraeta, concava, costa media dorso valde incrassata strigosaque apice in apiculum brevem producta in praefloratione inter sepala prominente, c. 0.8 cm longa, 0.525 cm lata. Labellum a gynostemio subrectangule patens et recurvulum, supra basin obtusangule incurvum, stigma paululum superans, valde concavum, explanatum cuneato-angulato-obovatum, apice cucullato-obtusissimum, ungue cuneato excepto leviter crispulum et erosulum, basi intus valde convexoincrassatum, costa media dorso valde prominente et strigosa apice in apiculum incurvulum teretem hirtellum producta, fere 0.8 cm longum, mucrone 0.05 cm longo, 0.6 cm latum. Gynostemium totum c. 0.62 cm, usque ad apicem antherarum 0.4 cm longum. Stamina 3, glabra, inferne cum stylo in columnam rotundato-trigonam supra subtusque 2-sulcatum, c. 0.13 cm longam connata, superne divergentia, filamenti dorsalis pars libera a dorso compressa, oblonga, vix flavescenti-alba, c. 0.1 cm longa; filainentorum lateralium pars libera dorsali similis, 0.13 cm longa; antherae conniventes, fere basifixae, introrsae, praesertim dorsalis valde incurvae, cordatae, apicem versus paululum angustatae, late obtusae, lobis basilaribus obtusis, dorso valde convexae cum sulco levi longitudinali, crassae, vix flaveseenti-albae, dorsalis fere c. 2 cm longa, 0.14 cm lata, laterales bene 0.2 cm longae, 0.175 cm latae. Stylus undatus, teres, leviter clavatus, apice (stigmate) obtusus et papillosus, albus, basi dilute. sulphureus, totus c. 0.6 cm, parte libera 0.525 cm longus. Ovarium pedieellatum curvulum, rotundato-trigonum, patentissime strigillosum, pedicello apicem versus incrassato, pallide viridi, c. 0.33 cm longo, ovario trigono-ellipsoideo, viridi, c. 0.4 cm longo, fere 0.3 cm diam., apice in rostrum apice obliquum pallide viride dorso c. 0.275 cm longum contractum.

Description: In Blumea V (1943), 316, I published a list of the Orchidaceae collected by Dr van Steenis in Atjeh. In this list a certain number of specimens were purposely omitted, on account of the fact that flowers had been preserved in alcohol, which material, however, was apparently not extant in Leiden. Under these conditions I have worked up the herbarium so far as possible from the dried specimens only.\nPeristylus goodyeroides (D. Don) Lndl. Gen. et Sp. Orch. (1835), 299; etc.

Description: In one of his papers on Malaysian Orchids R. Schleehter (1911) expresses his surprise that the flora of Celebes, though promising so much from a phytogeographical point of view, is very little known in comparison with that of the Philippines and Java and even with that of Borneo. In 1926 E. D. Merrill repeated this assumption with little less emphasis, and it is, indeed, still holding good even nowadays. I am not able to tell the reason why Celebes has been so much neglected in this respect, though it has been given ample attention by zoogeographers.\nYet, botanical exploration has been carried out ever since the French scientific world cruises of the \xe2\x80\x9cAstrolabe\xe2\x80\x9d (1828) and the \xe2\x80\x9cAstrolabe\xe2\x80\x9d and the \xe2\x80\x9cZelee\xe2\x80\x9d (1839). The more important collections have been enumerated in the \xe2\x80\x9cAppendix\xe2\x80\x9d to the present paper and among these the most outstanding ones are those made by the Neth. \xe2\x80\x93 Indian Forestry Service and by such individual collectors as Forsten (1840, N), Zollinger (1847, SW and Salajar), Teysmann and De Vriese (1860, N), Teysmann (1877, SW and Salajar), Warburg (1888, SW), Koorders (1894\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9995, N), P. and F. Sarasin (1893\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9996 and 1902\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9903, all parts), Elbert (1909, SE), Schleehter (1910, N), Van Vuuren (1912\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9914, SW, C, SE), Docters van Leeuwen (1913, Salajar, etc.), Kaudern (1917\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9920, SE, C, E, N), Bunnemeyer (1921, SW), Lam (1926, Talaud), Kjellberg (1929\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9930, SW, SE), Eyma (1938, C, E) and Monod de Froideville (1937\xe2\x80\x94\xe2\x80\x9939, SW, C, SE).

Description: We always have thoroughly detested the mentality of those scientific periodicals which deemed it proper to introduce politics into their columns. During the war we have repeatedly been offended by the unworthy attitude of the editorial staffs of certain botanical journals of \xe2\x80\x9cGreater Germany\xe2\x80\x9d who admitted \xe2\x80\x94 or possibly even deliberately furthered \xe2\x80\x94 perorations stating not only the marvellous achievements of nazi-methods and their amazing usefulness towards the particular field of science covered by the periodical in question, but the faith and the devotion of their persons towards the sacred cause of the nazi-system.\nWe have, as I say, not exactly admired this mentality in a scientific paper and we will not follow the example. However, too much has happened in the five long and hard years of bloody oppression by ruthless and barbarian enemies, both in Holland and in Indonesia, that this crucial moment in our national history could be passed without any comment even by a stolid and, allegedly, unemotional Hollander. For never more distinctly than in the past five years have we been enabled to state \xe2\x80\x94 or state again, as the case may be \xe2\x80\x94 how utterly different the Germans are from us, how fundamentally their mentality and their ideals differ from ours.

Description: De Haan (1833, p. 22-23, tab. B (Eudora) tenax (mouthparts)) gives the following latin description of his subgenus Eudora: "Os quadratum. Max. 5arum articuli secundi paralleli, medio in longitudinem sulcati, apice truncati; articuli tertii dilatati, margine superiore emarginati; articuli apicales abbreviati1). Max. 3iarum laciniae externae supra medium, paulum dilatatae, apice emarginatae. Max. 2arum lobi interni in laciniis interioribus externis multo breviores. Thorax vix dimidio latior quam longior, dorso convexus. Chelae crassae, in utroque sexu inaequales, sinistra minor. Abdomen in utroque sexu 7-articulatum; in maribus angusto-parallelum; articulus tertius prioribus latior; articuli versus apicem sexti sinuato-angustiores; sextus quadratus; Septimus trigonus. In feminis oblongo-ovatum, a basi latescens; articulus sextus quinto duplo latior; septimus rotundatus. O c u l i vix tertia parte latitudinis thoracis distantes. Antennae oculorum canthis approximatae, flagello brevissimo.\nCANC. (EUDORA) TENAX Ruppell. \xe2\x80\x94 IMPRESSUS Lamarck n. 9. \xe2\x80\x94 INCISUS. n. sp. Mus. Reg. Bat." When studying the Xantho specimens of the Leiden Museum, I noticed among them in the dry collection, a \xe2\x99\x80 without mouthparts and a set of mouthparts from Mauritius, Museum Paris, both labelled Xantho (X.) impressus (Lam.) and both bearing an old label "Cancer (Eudora) impressus Lamarck, Isle de France, Mus. Gal." Now the presence of the set of mouthparts as well as the writing on the old label leave no doubt whatever to the fact that this is the specimen examined by De Haan and enumerated on page 23 of the Fauna Japonica. This specimen, however, is

Description: Professor I. Q. van Regteren Altena was zoo vriendelijk mij een aantal teekeningen ter beschikking te stellen, die eens aan het huis Plantijn moeten toebehoord hebben. Immers, sommige daarvan hebben gediend als voorbeeld voor houtsneden in den Herbarius von Dodonaeus van 1618, gedrukt \xe2\x80\x9et\'Antwerpen in de Plantynsche Druckerye van Balthasar Moretus" (zie Engel, in: Ned. Kruidk. Arch. 53, 1943, p. 46-55). Wanneer men de fraaie teekeningen vergelijkt met de reproducties in het Cruydtboeck, is het opvallend, dat de teekeningen losser, zwieriger en natuurlijker zijn, terwijl de houtsneden allerlei wijzigingen vertoonen, die klaarblijkelijk aangebracht werden ten einde de figuur in het formaat van het houtblok te doen passen. Toch komen beide tot in finesses overeen en, wat onze opvatting bevestigt, zij zijn elkanders spiegelbeeld. Behalve deze plantenafbeeldingen bevat de collectie nog een teekening van een vogel, Podiceps cristatus (L.), door mij beschreven en afgebeeld in Limosa, Orgaan der Club van Nederlandsche Vogelkundigen, XVI, 1-2, Juni 1943, p. 1-3, en verschillende figuren van visschen en lagere dieren.\nVoor deze dierenafbeeldingen is van belang een citaat uit: Max Rooses, Christophe Plantin, Imprimeur Anversois, 2me \xc3\xa9dition, Anvers, 1896, p. 325: \xe2\x80\x9ePlantin, qui avait retrouv\xc3\xa9 Dodoens en Hollande y renouva avec lui les liens d\'une ancienne amiti\xc3\xa9. Au moment du d\xc3\xa9c\xc3\xa8s du savant botaniste, l\'imprimeur rappelle, dans une de ses lettres, l\'affection qui les unissait et dit que Dodoens \xc3\xa0 la fin de sa vie avait commenc\xc3\xa9 une description des poissons et des oiseaux." Wij mogen er hier aan herinneren, hoe Dodoens in 1582 benoemd werd tot professor te Leiden, welke functie hij slechts korten tijd mocht ver-

Description: Falco peregrinus anatum Bonaparte Adult (evidently \xe2\x99\x80), Surinam.\nWing 363, tail 170, tarsus 53, culmen from cere 24 mm.\nTogether with other Surinam bird-skins, the specimen was sent to Harlem (Holland) in 1899 for exhibition at the "Koloniale Westindische Tentoonstelling". It is now in the collection of the Colonial Institution at Amsterdam.\nThe North-American Peregrine Falcon has not yet been recorded from all three Guyanas: Chubb (1916) does not mention it from the British Colony, nor the brothers Penard (1908) from Surinam, nor Von Berlepsch (1908) from Cayenne. As the bird has been recorded several times from Trinidad (off the coast of Venezuela) (cf. Roberts, 1934) and a juvenile specimen from Brazil is preserved in the Zoological Museum at Berlin (Kleinschmidt, 1927, p. 112: "Amazonasmundung"), occasional migratoryrecords do not come unexpected. Besides, Von Berlepsch lists the Peregrine Falcon among the Falconidae that are "not yet recorded from Cayenne", but are "likely to be found there" (p. 289).\nThe North-American Peregrine Falcon has a wide-spread winter-range and is recorded from several other localities in South-America (Ecuador, Matto Grosso; Chile?), but usually does not go farther south than Panama.\nCatoptrophorus semipalmatus inornatus (Brewster) In a relatively large collection of old stuffed birds, made in the Dutch Colony of Surinam, and received at Amsterdam in 1859, there are three specimens of the Willet (Catoptrophorus semipalmatus (Gm.)). All three birds are in winterdress. One of these birds shows remarkably large

Description: I. Introduction.\nIn the Geological Institution of the University of Amsterdam there is a collection of recent shells as material for comparison with fossil Mollusca.\nFrom this collection the writer identified a lot of shells collected by Professor Dr. H. Gerth during his stay in Java from 1928 to 1929. These materials will be discussed here.\nThe writer is indebted to Prof. Dr. H. A. Brouwer (Amsterdam) for his permission to publish the results of these investigations on materials belonging to the Geological Institution, to Prof. Dr. H. Gerth for placing at his disposal the present collection and his field notes, and further to Dr. Ch. Bayer (Leiden), Mrs. W. S. S. van der Feen-van Benthem Jutting (Amsterdam), Mr. L. de Priester (Apeldoorn), Dr. F. A. Schilder (Naumburg-on-Saale), and Mr. J. R. le B. Tomlin (St Leonards-on-Sea) for their assistance in identifying the recorded species. 2. List of the localities.\nThe numbers in brackets refer to the sketch map (fig. 1). The remarks on local conditions have been borrowed from field notes by Prof. Gerth and from the labels of the samples. The localities have been classified from an ecological point of view by Prof. Gerth.\nA. Beaches with coral reefs.\nNorth coast: a) Thousand Islands (Duizend Eilanden) (7).\nThis is the only sample not collected by Prof. Gerth himself; it was collected by Prof. J. H. F. Umbgrove. The labels contain no particulars about the exact locality or localities from which the shells derive. According

Description: Aulacocyclus laevipennis nov. spec. \nDescription. Lamellae of antennae rather short and stout. Labrum about twice as broad as long, with long, dark red hairs, strongly and closely punctured, anterior margin concave, angles rounded, sides slightly convergent behind. No groove between clypeus and frons. Central tubercle very robust, somewhat square in section, seen from the side its basal vertical part as broad as the whole hind half of the head, strongly elevated and regularly bent forward, excavated in front, seen from behind the base is a little narrower than the apex, the latter a little excavated. Surface of head and basal sides of central tubercle with coarse, hair-bearing punctures. Supra-orbital ridges straight, parallel, somewhat thickened in front. Mentum with a small, smooth, triangular central part, the rest coarsely punctured with dark red hairs. Mandibles with 3 terminal teeth, anterior lower tooth of the right mandible conical, pointed, that of the left mandible very broad, at the outer side with 3 teeth, at the inner side deeply excavated. \nThe angles of pronotum prominent and rounded. The median groove is deep but incomplete in front. The marginal grooves are narrow, scarcely punctured, the anterior marginal groove moderately broader and deeper behind the head. Scars are smooth, small and oval. Anterior part of scutellum coarsely punctured. \nElytrae smooth, glossy, only the grooves near the suture distinct, the other grooves towards the sides become more and more indistinct, the lateral grooves have disappeared and are only recognizable by the vaulting of the ribs and the rows of small, obscure punctures. Epipleurae densely

Description: Tota breviter scabrido-pilosa. Radix multiceps. Caules 12\xe2\x80\x9420 cm alti, adscendentes vel erecti, interne microphyllini, demum defoliati, striati. Folia alterna, brevissime petiolata, intima circa 3 mm diametentia, firma, subtus purpurascentia, superiora sensim accrescentia, ad 1.5 cm longa, 12 mm lata, orbiculari-ovata, basi et apice obtusa, apiculata, firma; floralia sterilibus similia et vix majora. Umbellae radii 3\xe2\x80\x945. Cyathium pedunculo ad 2 mm longo suffultum, extus brevissime, intus longe pilosum ; lobi apice laciniati; glandulae 4, extus subtruncatae, supra concavae; bracteae florum \xe2\x99\x82 longe pilosae. Styli fere ad medium bilobi, cruribus apice capitatis. Capsula circa 3 mm longa, 5 mm lata, breviter pilosa. Semina circa 3 mm longa, dorso carinata, ecarunculata, grisea, rubro-maculata.\nComarapa, auf den h\xc3\xb6chsten Bergwiesen, 2600\xe2\x80\x942800 m alt., n. 1916.

Description: TESSARATOMINAE\n\nONCOMERINI\nRhoecocoris sulciventris St\xc3\xa5l. 1. Australia, Felder.\nCumare nov. gen. Allied to Rhoecocoris Bergroth, the base of the venter with a blunt, depressed tubercle only, not spinous; the antennae fivejointed. Head flat above, eyes not very prominent. Antennae short, the first joint not reaching the apex of the head. Rostrum short, not reaching beyond the middle of the mesosternum. Orifices narrow, ending into an elevated thorn. Mesosternum anteriorly and posteriorly with elevated longitudinal keels, the medial line before the posterior keel narrowly furrowed. Type of the genus is: Cumare pallida nov. spec. (fig. 1). Pale greyish ochraceous throughout, only at both sides of the centre of the apical border of the sixth (seventh) ventral segment (in the \xe2\x99\x80) with a dark brown spot, and the apices of the claws black. Antennae orange yellow. Upper side very densely punctured, the pronotum with irregular transverse ridges, the punctures Fig. 1. Cumare pallida.\nX 31/3. not darkened. Prosternum with transverse ridges. Mesosterum smooth, with a narrow central furrow, which is bifur-

Description: In Januari 1944 was ik in de gelegenheid om het Orthopteramateriaal, aanwezig in het Laboratorium voor Entomologie te Wageningen, te bestudeeren. Aan Prof. Dr. W. Roepke, directeur van genoemd Laboratorium, wil ik hier mijn dank brengen voor zijn medewerking en voor de in zijn laboratorium genoten gastvrijheid.\nBehalve het materiaal in de studiecollecties voor de toegepaste entomologie is thans ook tijdelijk de particuliere verzameling van Ir. P. A. Blijdorp in dit laboratorium ondergebracht. Vooral deze laatstgenoemde verzameling bevat mooi materiaal. Het is betrekkelijk nog pas kort geleden verzameld, voor het meerendeel door Mevr. M. E. Walsh, in W.-Java en Z.-Sumatra. Hoewel misschien de meeste soorten niet tot de groote zeldzaamheden behooren, is het vermelden toch de moeite waard, daar het aantal in de literatuur genoemde exemplaren en vindplaatsen tamelijk gering is. Ik heb het daarom nuttig geoordeeld om alle exemplaren van de Pterophyllinae uit de beide genoemde verzamelingen in de hier volgende lijst op te nemen.\nDe exemplaren van het Laboratorium voor Entomologie zijn met W. aangeduid, die uit de verzameling van Ir. Blijdorp met B.\n\nPTEROPHYLLINAE\n\nPSEUDOPHYLLINI\nChloracris prasina Pictet & Sauss., 1892 W.: 2 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80, vindplaats onbekend.\nB.: 1 \xe2\x99\x82, West-Java, 1935, leg. M. E. Walsh.\nChloracris brullei Pictet & Sauss., 1892 B.: 2 \xe2\x99\x80\xe2\x99\x80, Sumatra, Benkoelen, Kota, 3 I 1935 en III 1935, leg. F. W.

Description: At present five species of Armadillidiidae, all belonging to the genus Armadillidium Brdt., are known from the Netherlands. These five species are Armadillidium vulgare (Latr.), A. nasutum B.-L., A. opacum (Koch), A. album Dollf., and A. pulchellum (Zenk.). The species will be dealt with in this order. Of every species, with the exception of A. vulgare, an enumeration is given here of the material present in the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden, the material collected in greenhouses excluded.\nArmadillidium (Armadillidium) vulgare (Latreille) This species, which is known also under the name Armadillidium cinereum (Zenk.), is the most common species of the genus from the Netherlands. It may be found throughout our country, and is often met in the neighbourhood of human settlements. It is therefore of no use to give here a list of the abundant Dutch material of this species present in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie at Leiden.\nArmadillidium (Pseudosphaerium) nasutum Budde-Lund Meerssen (southern part of the province Limburg); among Marchantia; June 10, 1927; leg. F. P. Koumans. \xe2\x80\x94 24 specimens 4-11 mm.\nThe specimens mentioned above were already reported upon by Koumans (1928), they are the only representatives of the species found up till now in the Netherlands in the open. The species is rather common in several Dutch greenhouses. Armadillidium nasutum occurs in Central and Northwest Italy, in Spain, in the western part of France, in Southern England and in the Netherlands; it attains in our country the northern limit of its range of distribution in the open.

Description: I.\nINLEIDING\nTen behoeve van de N.V. Stoomschelpenzuiger- en schelpkalkbranderij te Brielle werd gedurende vele jaren schelpenmateriaal opgezogen in de Westerschelde ter hoogte van Ellewoudsdijk door den schelpenzuiger ,,Marie", eigendom van genoemde maatschappij.\nDit materiaal, hetwelk naast Mollusca ook resten van Bryozoa, Foraminifera, Selachii en Brachiopoda bevatte, werd in afwachting van de verwerking in de kalkbranderij opgeslagen op het terrein bij de kalkfabriek.\nNadere bijzonderheden over het bedrijf zijn reeds gepubliceerd door Dr. C.\nO. van Regteren Altena (1938).\nDank zij de welwillende medewerking van den Directeur, Ir. P. van der Wallen, zijn vele malacologen in de gelegenheid gesteld schelpenmateriaal te verzamelen op het terrein der kalkfabriek. Velen hebben dit gedaan, zij hebben op deze wijze mooie fossielen-collecties in hun bezit, echter met dit groote nadeel, dat het materiaal over diverse personen verspreid was.\nTeneinde dit bezwaar te ondervangen, werd het voorstel geopperd, alles samen te voegen tot \xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n groote collectie, op welk voorstel ingegaan werd door de volgende personen (alfabetisch): A. Bloklander, J. Brouwer, P. H.\nCreutzberg, P. A. Florsch\xc3\xbctz, A. C. Geelhoed, H. van Haren, B. Immerzeel, H. Od\xc3\xa9, Mejuffrouw E. M. M. T. Postma, A. Slootweg.\nDe op deze wijze verkregen, uitgebreide collectie is tijdelijk ondergebracht in het Museum voor het Onderwijs te \'s-Gravenhage.\nEchter is nog niet alles bijeen, want veel materiaal berust nog bij de onderstaande personen: Dr. C. O. van Regteren Altena (in de collecties van het Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Museum, Amsterdam), D. Bakker, A. J. Dogterom, J.

Description: Es war schon l\xc3\xa4ngst meine Absicht mich mit dieser Gattung zu befassen, weil sich im Leidener Museum eine grosse Sammlung befindet, welche durch Snellen van Vollenhoven damals von Holmgren k\xc3\xa4uflich erworben wurde. Die Tiere besitzen in meinen Augen einen paratypischen Wert. Erst heute bin ich imstande, das Ergebnis meiner Untersuchungen zu ver\xc3\xb6ffentlichen, wobei ich besonders den Herren Professoren Dr. H. Boschma, Direktor des Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic, Leiden, und Dr. W.\nRoepke, Direktor des Entomologischen Laboratorium der Landbouwhoogeschool, Wageningen, grossen Dank schulde f\xc3\xbcr die Bereitschaft, mit der sie das ihnen zuvertraute Material mir zur Verf\xc3\xbcgung gestellt haben. Den meisten Dank aber schulde ich Herrn Dr. A. Roman, den meist hervorragenden Ichneumonidenkenner unserer Zeit, der mich mit seinem Rat und dem Bestimmen von schwierigen Exemplaren zur Seite gegangen hat.\nBevor ich die Arten beschreibe, muss ich einige Bemerkungen machen, zuerst \xc3\xbcber die Farbe der Bauchfalte. Man muss die Bauchfalte mit der Lupe betrachten. Unter dem Mikroskop wird man bei k\xc3\xbcnstlicher Beleuchtung die Farbe zu hell einsch\xc3\xa4tzen. Die Bauchfalte nenne ich noch weiss, wenn einige Sterniten zum gr\xc3\xb6sstenteil weisslich sind. Wenn die Mitte dieser Sterniten br\xc3\xa4unlich wird, dann stelle man eine solche Art unter diejenigen mit dunkler Bauchfalte. Es wird also \xc3\xb6fters vorkommen, dass eine Art helle oder dunkle Bauchfalte haben kann. Bei der Beschreibung gebrauche ich einige neue Unterscheidungsmerkmale, deren Brauchbarkeit sich noch ausweisen muss. Ich meine in dem Verh\xc3\xa4ltnis der F\xc3\xbchlerglieder untereinander und mit den Hintertarsengliedern ein Merkmal f\xc3\xbcr die Schlankheit der F\xc3\xbchler gefunden zu haben. Die L\xc3\xa4nge des ersten Geissel-

Description: In a previous paper (Hellebrekers, 1942) I stated my intention to give some more details on imperfectly known eggs, based on material of the collection of the Penard\'s. The description of these hitherto imperfectly known or incorrectly described eggs will be strongly aided by the coloured plate accompanying the present paper, this plate represents a number of eggs of four species of birds from Surinam, of each species such eggs are figured as to show the variation in shape and colour. Moreover I have the opportunity to give a number of corrections concerning some of the data given in my previous paper. When the latter appeared I sent a copy to Mr.\nM. Sch\xc3\xb6nwetter, one of the foremost living authorities in o\xc3\xb6logy, asking him for a critical comment on my paper. Mr. Sch\xc3\xb6nwetter kindly took a great deal of trouble to verify my statements and he could point out that among the data in my paper there are a number of mistakes and misprints regarding weights and measurements. Whilst in the following pages I give the necessary corrections to my previous paper I want to express my sincerest thanks to Mr. Sch\xc3\xb6nwetter for drawing my attention to these mistakes.\nIn all the cases where doubt might arise concerning the data in my previous paper I have taken new measurements and weights. Behind the name of each species dealt with below I have cited the page on which the species was mentioned in my previous paper.\nDendrocygna autumnalis discolor Scl. & Salv. (1. c, p. 241). I have already drawn attention to the fact that among these eggs there are a number which show a pronounced gloss whilst others are nearly glossless.\nThe different sets show the following data:

Description: Some time ago Dr. L. D. Brongersma, curator of the Leiden Museum, entrusted me for examination some subfossil equine teeth, received from Mr. H. van Hoepen, who had found them between Glen and Mazelspoort, in Orange Free State. The teeth proved to belong all to one and the same individual, and to constitute the entire upper premolar-molar-series of the right side, almost undamaged. The importance of this find is evident, as most of the fossil or subfossil equine species from S. Africa are based on isolated teeth. An inner view of our specimen is given in pl. VI lower figure, the crown surfaces are represented in the upper figure of the same plate. It can be seen, that the P4 is the longest tooth, its height is 72 mm.\nThe mesostyle is prominent, and especially marked off anteriorly. The parastyle is well defined in P3 and P4, less so in the molars, especially in M1. Between these styles the ectoloph is almost straight in the premolars, and slightly concave in the molars. The posterior half of the ectoloph, however, is more concave in the premolars than in the molars, the latter having a less developed metastyle. The enamel pattern is comparatively simple, the pli protoloph 1) and the pli hypostyle are hardly or not developed. A slight trace of a pli prefossette is found in P4 only.\nA small pli postfossette is seen in the premolars, in the molars it is hardly indicated. The pli protoconule is present in all the teeth, though shorter in the molars than in the premolars. The groove between protocone and hypocone is sharply pointed towards the outer side, a pli caballin is absent.\nThe protocones are remarkable for the very slight development of their anterior lobe; they increase in length from before backward.\nFirst I compared the subfossil teeth with those of Equus quagga. Of

Description: In 1944 Miss Dr. A. Schreuder sent me for identification a fossil horncore, which according to the accompanying letter came from a well-boring near Grubbenvorst (province of Limburg). It was found in a coarse sandy layer with gravel at a depth of 61.50 m below the surface; the topographic height of the latter is given as 24.53 m + N.A.P. (N.A.P. = sea-level at Amsterdam). Dr. J. F. Steenhuis, geologist to the Government Geological Foundation, informed me that deep borings for the water-supply of Central-Limburg have been made in the years 1918, 1919, and 1922 S. and S.E. of Grubbenvorst. Evidently we have to do with boring no. I of October 1918, which reached a depth of 83 m, the top being at 24.50 m + N.A.P. (Geological Foundation Index no. 695/4). The section is as follows (the denotations of the strata are those used by Tesch (1930)) : Laagterras II 8 from 24.50 m + to 15.50 m + N.A.P.\nMiddenterras (?) II 6 and Hoogterras II 1 from 15.50 m + to 4.\xe2\x80\x94 m + N.A.P.\nZone of the Teglian Clay, "Onderste Fijn" II o from 4.\xe2\x80\x94 m + to 2.50 m \xe2\x80\x94 N.A.P.\nMore or less coarse, mostly mudfree sand with gravel, alternating with rather fine sand with a variable mud and gravel content from 2.50 m \xe2\x80\x94 to 45.50 m \xe2\x80\x94 N.A.P.\nBelow 45.50 m \xe2\x80\x94 N.A.P. very fine micaceous sand containing much mud. The percentage of mud and mica increases with depth. The boring was finished at a depth of 58.50 m \xe2\x80\x94 N.A.P.

Description: Among a set of duplicates of Puccinellia, which I received through the courtesy of Dr C. Blom (Goteborg, Sweden), I found the following new species.

Description: Inhoud: 1. Inleiding .... 155\n2. Materiaal .... 156\n3. Geologie van de vindplaats, met enkele opmerkingen over de brakwaterfauna van het veen op grootere diepte en de onderste holocene wadklei .... 157\n4. Beschrijving van de onderzochte mollusken .... 159\n5. Overzichtstabel van de onderzochte mollusken, hun oecologie en geographische verspreiding .... 183\n6. Algemeene beschouwingen en occologische conclusies .... 186\n7. Pleistocene land- and freshwatermollusca from the subsoil of Velzen (summary) .... 195\n8. Geciteerde literatuur .... 198\nI. Inleiding.\nHet bovenste plistoceen (\xe2\x80\x9elaagterras", II8 van de geologische kaart van Nederland) is te Velzen in een tweetal putten, gegraven voor den bouw van een tunnel onder het Noordzeekanaal, een tijdlang ontsloten geweest.\nDeze ontsluiting is door velen, die belang stellen in den geologischen bouw van Nederland, bezocht en ook de schrijvers dezer regelen prijzen zichzelf gelukkig het belangwekkende profiel te hebben aanschouwd en in de gelegenheid te zijn geweest ter plaatse mollusken te verzamelen. Hun buit en het materiaal, dat zij van andere zijde ter bewerking mochten ontvangen, bevat verscheidene vormen, die een publicatie over dit materiaal rechtvaardigen. Ook resten nog enkele problematica; hiervan is meer materiaal noodig om definitieve determinaties mogelijk te maken. Daarom hopen wij dat dit artikel een aansporing zal zijn tot verder onderzoek, wanneer

Description: De opzet van dit artikel is het in kaart brengen van de plaatsen, waar het negental in Nederland niet algemeene muizen (Sorex minutus, Neomys fodiens, Crocidura leucodon en russula, Clethrionomys glareolus, Microtus oeconomus en agrestis, Pitymys subterraneus en Micromys minutus), hetzij in uileballen, hetzij in het vleesch, geconstateerd kon worden. De basis van het onderzoek vormen de resultaten, verkregen uit een sinds 1930 uitgevoerd onderzoek van uileproppen mij uit alle provincies toegezonden.\nOok de resultaten van enkele andere, mij als betrouwbaar bekende, onderzoekers zijn gaarne medeopgenomen. Evenzoo de gegevens mij welwillend ter beschikking gesteld, die zich in de Musea te Leiden, te Maastricht en te Amsterdam bevinden. Allen, die mij hierbij zoo voorkomend van dienst waren, moge ik hierbij hartelijk danken.\nVragen op het gebied van nomenklatuur en van rassenonderscheiding zullen hier in het midden worden gelaten, hetgeen des te gereeder kan geschieden, daar Dr. G. C. A. Junge, te Leiden, bezig is met een studie over de kleine inheemsche zoogdieren, waarin ook deze punten tot hun recht zullen komen.\nAl heeft de braakbalanalyse belangrijke diensten bewezen aan het onderzoek naar de verspreiding onzer muizen, er moet terdege rekening mee gehouden worden, dat langs dien weg wel met zekerheid de aanwezigheid van een soort in het jachtgebied van een uil geconstateerd kan worden, maar het ontbreken van de soort in de proppen bewijst geenszins, dat de muizesoort in het gebied niet leeft. Ze kan er zeer zeldzaam zijn en een exemplaar dus langen tijd aan den uil ontgaan. Ook wanneer de muis in kwestie hoofdzakelijk dagdier is en de uil een laatylieger, zal zij minder

Description: In 1935 R. Zariquiey Cenarro published a paper in the Spanish language, in which he separated the specimens of Nephrops norvegicus occurring in the Mediterranean and the southern Atlantic Ocean as a separate variety meridionalis from the typical form of the northern Atlantic. In this paper he remarks that Boas as well as Bouvier stated that the second maxillipede of Nephrops norvegicus does not bear a podobranch. When Zariquiey, however, examined material from the Catalonian coast he found that in all his specimens a podobranch was present. For comparison with the northern forms he obtained an adult male and ovigerous female from Danish waters.\nIn these specimens indeed the podobranch was absent, the maxillipede bearing only a rounded tubercle provided with hairs. This he thought of sufficient evidence to separate the southern form as a distinct variety. Furthermore he mentioned the following differences between the two forms: the northern specimens are more robust, their body being much broader than in specimens of the same size from the Mediterranean; the sculpture on the dorsal surface of abdomen and carapace is much stronger in the typical form, in which also the pereiopods are much longer. The chelae of specimens of the same size had the same breadth, but were longer in the typical form; the relation between dactylus and propodus was different too in the two forms; the second pincer in the danish specimens was larger and there were also differences in the relation between the breadth and the lenght of the merus.\nThe var. meridionalis was reported from the Golfe du Lion, from the Catalonian coast, from the waters east of Alicante, from Melilla (Spanish Morocco), from San Sebastian and Coru\xc3\xb1a (both at the north coast of

Description: Bij de beschrijving en (of) de determinatie van Cetacea speelt de staart geen belangrijke rol. Toch is er een vertegenwoordiger dier orde te noemen, waarbij de staart er zoo karakteristiek uitziet, dat hierdoor alleen reeds geslacht en soort volkomen zijn bepaald. Ik bedoel Megaptera novaeangliae (M. nodosa, M. longimana, M. boops), de Humpback whale der Engelschen. De achterrand van de staartvin van dit dier is van een soort franje voorzien en dit kenmerk heeft g\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n andere cetacee. E. Mohr, Hamburg (1931, blz. 125, pl. 73) beeldde een foto af van een in Duitschland geschilderde Megaptera uit 1766, gemaakt naar een gestrand individu, waar de staartfranje reeds duidelijk is weergegeven. In 1889 behandelde J. Struthers uitvoerig de anatomie van de Humpback en noemt op blz. 8 den achterrand van den staart \xe2\x80\x9eserrated,,l terwijl op pl. II fig. 3 een duidelijke afbeelding van de \xe2\x80\x9eserrations" wordt toegevoegd. Hij telde langs den geheelen staartrand ongeveer 40 slipjes van de franje. Ook Beddard (1900), Heck (1915), Freund (1932), Fraser (1937) en IJsseling & Scheygrond (1943), om slechts enkele auteurs te noemen, maken melding van de staartfranje bij Megaptera. In Mei 1938 kocht ik op het Japansche walvischvaardersschip \xe2\x80\x9eTonan Maru II", een geheel gaaf \xe2\x99\x82 foetus van 1 m lengte van Megaptera, dat ook reeds zeer duidelijk de staartfranje vertoonde. Bedoeld foetus bevindt zich nu in de natuurhistorische collectie van het Erasmiaansch Gymnasium te Rotterdam.\nBalaenoptera en Balaena, alsook de Phocaenidae en Delphinidae bezitten een accoladevormige symmetrische staartvin zonder franje. In 1927 wees Harmer op het feit, dat bij den staart der Ziphiidae de accoladevorm ontbreekt, aangezien er g\xc3\xa9\xc3\xa9n inkeping in het midden is. Hij drukt zich aldus

Description: Van Dr. A. C. Oudemans ontving het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historic in 1942 ten geschenke de door hem in den loop der jaren bijeen gebrachte belangrijke verzameling van Acari. Deze verzameling omvat 5981 praeparaten van mijten, behoorende tot 1316 soorten. Verder legateerde Dr. Oudemans aan het museum zijn verzameling van afbeeldingen van dieren van deze groep, welke na zijn overlijden op 14 Januari 1943 werden ontvangen. Bij deze afbeeldingen, voor het meerendeel bestaande uit door Dr. Oudemans zelf gemaakte teekeningen (in het geheel 2045 bladen), heeft een groot aantal betrekking op soorten (of onderdeelen daarvan), van welke praeparaten in de verzameling aanwezig zijn, terwijl andere bladen met afbeeldingen betrekking hebben op vormen die niet als praeparaat aanwezig zijn.\nHet ligt voor de hand dat het voor Acarologen van groot belang is te weten welke soorten in de verzameling zijn vertegenwoordigd als praeparaat of als afbeelding. Dit bracht mij er toe den nu verschijnenden catalogus samen te stellen. Reeds dadelijk moet hierbij worden opgemerkt dat het mij, als niet-Acaroloog, niet mogelijk was een catalogus samen te stellen, die voldoende critisch is. De nomenclatuur zal dan ook in vele gevallen niet geheel juist zijn en ook de systematische rangschikking van het materiaal zal in vele gevallen voor verbetering vatbaar zijn. Hoe dit ook zij, met den nu verschijnenden catalogus zullen Acarologen in staat zijn na te gaan wat aanwezig is.\nDe hier gebruikte systematische volgorde is in den regel die welke voorkomt in de verzameling van praeparaten, ook bij de opgave van de vindplaatsen is de volgorde van de praeparaten in de collectie gebruikt.

Description: In 1936 ontving het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie door bemiddeling van Dr. L. D. Brongersma een drietal wervels van een dolfijnachtige, afkomstig uit een jeugdcollectie van J. IJzerdraat. Helaas waren de gegevens, die wij, dank zij Dr. Brongersma, over de herkomst van deze wervels konden achterhalen, vaag. De wervels waren \xc2\xb1 1919 gevonden aan het strand tusschen Zandvoort en IJmuiden. Het is jammer, dat er niet meer gegevens zijn, daar door vergelijking bleek, dat we te doen hebben met den tweeden halswervel (draaier), eersten borstwervel en een (waarschijnlijk tweeden) lendenwervel van een Witten Dolfijn, een soort, die tot nu toe niet in ons land was geconstateerd. Het exemplaar was waarschijnlijk nog niet geheel volwassen, daar de epiphysen van borst- en lendenwervel nog niet met het wervellichaam vergroeid waren en verloren gingen. Van de op het noordelijk halfrond voorkomende dolfijnen hebben alleen de Narwal en de Witte Dolfijn geen vergroeide atlas en draaier.\nDe processus spinosus van den draaier is beschadigd, verder is deze wervel (fig. 1) volkomen identiek met die van een skelet van Delphinapterus leucas dat in het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie aanwezig is. De maten zijn: grootste breedte 151 mm, de hoogte is door den gebroken processus spinosus niet te meten. Het ruggemergskanaal heeft een breedte van 51 mm en een hoogte van 40 mm. Ook van den borstwervel (fig. 2) is de processus spinosus afgebroken, deze is verder gelijk aan den borstwervel van het Delphinapterus-skelet in het Museum. Grootste breedte is 140 mm, breedte ruggemergskanaal 65, hoogte 45 mm. De lendenwervel is het meest beschadigd, dorsaal zijn nog slechts enkele fragmenten over van den processus spinosus, terwijl ook de dwarsuitsteeksels gehavend zijn.

Description: The collection of Berytidae, Piesmidae, and Tingidae in the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie is not of the same degree of completeness as that of most of the other families of bugs. Exotic insects of small size have often been neglected by our collectors, and it seems, moreover, that the Tingidae are not very abundant in the tropical regions.\nBecause of lack of material for comparison I have abandoned the description of the few American and African species that are possibly new to science. Only the descriptions of new species from the Indian Archipelago are given below.\nBERYTIDAE \xe2\x80\x94\nBERYTINAE\nNeides aduncus Fieb. I. Southern France, Duda. \xe2\x80\x94 2. Rio Salato, Oran, 1895, Dr. Schmiedeknecht. \xe2\x80\x94 3. Corfu, 1889, Schmiedeknecht. \xe2\x80\x94 4. Tunis, 1898, Dr. Schmiedeknecht. \xe2\x80\x94 5-6. Zante, 1901, Dr. Schmiedeknecht. (Altogether in Fokker\'s Collection).\nNeides tipularius L. 1. Wageningen, August 5, 1860, Snellen van Vollenhoven. \xe2\x80\x94 2. ?. \xe2\x80\x94 3. Arnhem, April, Van Medenbach de Rooy. \xe2\x80\x94 4. De Bilt, September, on heath. \xe2\x80\x94 5. Haarlem, July, Groll. \xe2\x80\x94 6. Katwijk, July, De Graaf. \xe2\x80\x94 7. Rotterdam, J. F. Snelleman. \xe2\x80\x94 8. Charente, H. Giraudeau. \xe2\x80\x94 9-10. Nijmegen. \xe2\x80\x94 11. Ellemeet, June 1900. \xe2\x80\x94 12. Cephalonia, 1901, Dr. Schmiedeknecht. (The specimens 1-12 in Fokker\'s collection). \xe2\x80\x94 13. ?. \xe2\x80\x94 14. Breda, September 14, 1873. \xe2\x80\x94 15-17- Breda, February 2,1874, \xe2\x80\x94 18. Breda, September 2,1870. \xe2\x80\x94 19(-21 ?). Holland. \xe2\x80\x94 22. Holland, Snellen van Vollenhoven. \xe2\x80\x94 23. Bennebroek, June. \xe2\x80\x94 24. Driebergen, Six. \xe2\x80\x94 25. Leiden, Snellen van Vollenhoven. \xe2\x80\x94 26. Arnhem, May 1905, Dammerman. \xe2\x80\x9427. Arnhem, August 1905, Dammerman. \xe2\x80\x94 28-29. ?, from Heylaerts\'

Description: On the initiative of Dr. A. D. J. Meeuse investigations were made on the fauna of the greenhouses of several Botanic Gardens in the Netherlands; material was also collected in greenhouses of other institutions and in those kept for commercial purposes. The isopods contained in the collection afforded many interesting species, so for instance six of the species are new for the Dutch fauna, viz., Trichoniscus pygmaeus Sars, Hyloniscus riparius (Koch), Cordioniscus stebbingi (Patience), Chaetophiloscia balssi Verhoeff, Trichorhina monocellata Meinertz and Nagara cristata (Dollfus). Before the systematic review of the species a list of the localities from which material was obtained is given here with enumeration of the collected species.\nI. Greenhouses of the Botanic Gardens, Amsterdam; October 24, 1942; leg. A. D. J. Meeuse (Cordioniscus stebbingi, Chaetophiloscia balssi, Porcellio scaber, Nagara cristata, Armadillidium vulgare). 2. Greenhouses of the "Laboratorium voor Bloembollenonderzoek" (Laboratory for Bulb Research), Lisse; June 13, 1943; leg. A. D. J.\nMeeuse (Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber, Porcellionides pruinosus, Armadillidium vulgare, Armadillidium nasutum). 3. Greenhouses of the Botanic Gardens, Leiden; May, 1924-November, 1942. leg. H. C. Bl\xc3\xb6te, L. B. Holthuis, F. P. Koumans, A. D. J. Meeuse, A. L. J. Sunier and W. Vervoort (Androniscus dentiger, Cordioniscus stebbingi, Haplophthalmus danicus, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber, Porcellionides pruinosus, Armadillidium vulgare, Armadillidium nasutum). 4. Greenhouses of the Zoological Gardens, The Hague; November 4, 1942; leg. A. D. J. Meeuse (Cordioniscus stebbingi, Oniscus asellus, Por-

Description: In the collection of the Leiden Museum there is preserved the holotype of Scotomedes ater St\xc3\xa5l. I was much surprised to discover that Velocipeda biguttula Reut. is a synonym of it.\nDistant described another Scotomedes-species in his "Fauna of British India" under the name: Godefridus alienus, bringing it to the Reduviidae, subfam. Apiomerinae. This was a reason for derision by Reuter, who cited it as an instance of Distant\'s less trustworthy scientific performances (Reuter, 1905).\nHowever, though it seems to have been "bon ton" to ridiculize Distant\'s views, we are not accustomed to neglect St\xc3\xa5l\'s, and I was much interested to know why St\xc3\xa5l had placed Scotomedes without hesitation into the Nabidae, as other authors have been of a so much different opinion.\nThe next author after St\xc3\xa5l, studying a Scotomedes-species, was Bergroth, when he described Velocipeda prisca. He brings the species to the Saldidae, to form a separate subfamily of that group. His arguments are rather feeble, as he writes: "The nervature of the membrane, however, has no resemblance to that of a Saldid, only because of the greater part of the other characters of the anatomy, i.e. by the long legs, the large eyes, the structure of the rostrum and of the pronotum, the animal is closely related to the genus Salda, so that the systematic position cannot be doubtful".\nI need not give instances of long legs and large eyes occurring in almost any family of the Heteroptera. A three-jointed rostrum occurs, except in the Saldidae, also in the Anthocoridae, Cimicidae, Reduviidae, and Macrocephalinae. Interesting in this connection is also Reuter\'s statement: "As a very instructive instance, in connection with the development of a

Description: Frutex scandens. Caules in statu florigero foliis destituti, internodiis longis, usque ad 18 cm metientibus, in nodis ramulos laterales breves vel apicem versus inflorescentias emittentes. Ramuli laterales folia nonnulla vel inflorescentias gerentes, internodiis multo brevioribus vel brevissimis. Caules teretes vel juniores obscure angulati, griseo-brunnei, in sicco longitudinaliter hinc inde transversaliter rugosi, juniores pilis brevibus adpressis praediti, adultiores glabri, plusminusve verrucosi (lenticellati). Folia petiolata ; petiolo breviter et adpresse piloso ut in partibus junioribus caulis, supra sulcato, ad 6 cm longo; lamina ovato-oblonga, apice breviter acuminata, basi \xc2\xb1 rotundata (vel in foliis junioribus late cuneata), nervis exceptis glabra, 11\xe2\x80\x9415 cm longa, 5\xe2\x80\x946 cm lata; nervo mediano nervis lateralibus utrinque c. 4 et nervis secundariis \xc2\xb1 parallelis subtus prominentibus supra impressis. Inflorescentiae in axillis foliorum delapsorum caulium primariorum vel ramulorum lateralium, primo casu umbellatocymosae, 4\xe2\x80\x948- vel usque ad c. 20-florae, secundo casu etiam umbellatoeymosae, sed praeterea in paniculam conjunctae. Pedunculi praesertim apicem versus applanati, 10\xe2\x80\x9424 mm longi, adpresse pilosi, pilis ut in ramulis junioribus, apice umbellato-cymosi ; ramuli adpresse pilosi ; pedicelli 4\xe2\x80\x947 mm vel in flore centrali ad 10 mm longi, basi \xc2\xb1 dense, apicem versus \xc2\xb1 sparse adpresse pilosi. Sepala glabra vel prope basin extrinsecus sparse pilosa, exteriora duo late ovata apice rotundata vel paullo retusa, c. 6 mm longa; sepalum tertium paullo obliquum, elliptico-orbiculare, c. 6\xe2\x80\x946.5 mm longum, margine uno latere tenuiore; sepala duo interiora elliptico-orbicularia, c. 6.5 mm longa, marginibus tenuioribus. Corolla infundibuliformis, c. 3.5 cm longa, alba, limbum versus rosea vel violacea, limbo paullo lobato, c. 4\xe2\x80\x944.5 cm diam., fasciis mesopetalis glabris. Filamenta c. 10 mm supra basin corollae inserta, c. 20 mm longa, basi dilatata pilosa ; antherae linearilanceolatae, 5\xe2\x80\x946 mm longae. Stylus filiformis c. 27 mm longus, glaber; ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, glabrum, 4-loculare; stigmata globosa, papillosa. Discus annularis, integer, c. 1\xc2\xbd mm altus. Bacca ovoidea, c. 14 mm longa, violacea.\nSUMATRA, West Coast, Ophir district, N.-W. slope of Mount Talakmau, 900 m alt., H. A. B. B\xc3\xbcnnemeijer n. 436, fl. April 25, 1917 (Climber in forest. Flowers white at base, violet above when young) ; W. slope of Mount Talakmau 600 m alt., H. A. B. B\xc3\xbcnnemeijer n. 375, fl. April 24, 1917 (In forest. Flowers white, pink above; fruit violet; vern. name: akar katjan pariwo). Both specimens in herb. Buitenzorg; n. 436 is the typus florum; n. 375 is the typus foliorum et fructuum.

Description: Some years ago I treated a number of species of the genus Axonopus in Blumea IV, p. 510. Among them was Axonopus Fockei Henr., based upon Mez\xe2\x80\x99s Paspalum Fockei, which was published in Fedde\xe2\x80\x99s Repertorium XV, 1917, p. 62.\nI mentioned Ule\xe2\x80\x99s number 8022 as identified by Mez himself being his Paspalum Fockei.

Description: Now that the war in Europe is over it seems appropriate, before returning to our regular duties, to devote soms words to the fate and the activities of our institution during that period. For Dutch readers many particulars may be found in the \xe2\x80\x9cJaarverslagen\xe2\x80\x9d (Annual Reports) ; for sister-institutions abroad the following points may be of some interest.\nFirst of all it may be stated with deep gratitude that the National Herbarium of Holland has suffered no severe losses in man or material during the war.

Description: In a previous number of this volume (Blumea V, nr. 1, 1942, p. 66\xe2\x80\x9480), one of the junior writers of the present paper published an account of nomenclatorial changes concerning javanese Verbenaceae. This paper was written as a supplement to a larger work by the senior writer, who has for long years devoted most of his activities to the study of the flora of Java, on which it was his privilege to publish some more or less extensive papers, all of them in the Dutch language 2). These publications may be considered materials for a Flora of Java. In fact, some of them have the character and even the title of such a flora, though on account of several circumstances none of them could be completed.\nSince the senior writer had retired from his official duties, an attempt was made to fill up this gap. For this purpose numerous scattered annotations were sorted and a start was made with the design of a reviewed and complete Flora of Java, again in Dutch. However, it soon became evident that this work was too extensive a task for a single man of my age and I therefore requested the help of the director of the Rijksherbarium at Leiden. Through his kind mediation the collaboration was procured of some junior assistants. In the first phase of the work financial support to this end was kindly granted, first by the \xe2\x80\x9cMaatschappij ter Bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der Nederlandsche Koloni\xc3\xabn\xe2\x80\x9d and afterwards also by the \xe2\x80\x9cKorthalsfonds\xe2\x80\x9d, managed by the Royal Netherlands\xe2\x80\x99 Academy of Sciences at Amsterdam and by \xe2\x80\x9cGreshoff\xe2\x80\x99s Rumphiusfonds\xe2\x80\x9d. Prof. Dr A. A. Pulle, Utrecht, kindly took an interest in this work and lent his intermediary in procuring the greater part of the necessary funds. In a later stage, however, also the Government could be convinced of the importance of this work and of a rapid rate of its progress and first one, later on two assistants were added to the Staff of the Rijksherbarium with the special instruction to assist me in my work. Recently a third assistant was appointed at the Botanical Museum and Herbarium of the Utrecht University. I take pleasure to avail myself of this opportunity to tender my best thanks to Dr Pulle and to Dr Lam for their kind collaboration, as well as to the Societies and Foundations, whose generous help in the earlier phases of the work appeared to be vital for starting it.

Description: The following notes are mainly based upon a small but interesting collection of plants, made in 1937\xe2\x80\x941939 by Mr C. Monod de Froideville, Civil Service Officer in the Netherlands Indies, during his extensive trips in the southern and central parts of the island of Celebes. His hobby was the study of Leguminosae and about half of his collection consists of representatives of that natural order. For several reasons, however, they have been left out of the present paper, for one thing since Mr Monod is intending to deal with them later on himself, a task, which circumstances unfortunately prevent him from accomplishing at present; and secondly since they promise geographically less important results than most other families, many of them being anthropochorous.\nHowever, beside Leguminosae, Mr Monod collected a good many other plants and though some of his material was necessarily scanty on account of the fact that the proper purpose of his trips lay outside purely botanical observations, it contains enough remarkable specimens, especially from the practically unknown interior of Central Celebes (Mt. Mamboeliling), to justify a record of them. Mr Monod has proved to be a keen observer and a thorough amateur botanist and geologist. Several of the specimens had been provisorily checked by Dr C. G. G. J. van Steenis, Buitenzorg, which was a great help in their final identification. Regarding this, it was my good fortune to win the help of several specialists in identifying specimens belonging to families falling within the scope of their special study. Thus I am indebted to the following investigators for their kind collaboration: Miss Dr G. J. H. Amshoff (Utrecht): Urticaceae. Dr R. C. Bakhuizen van den Brink (Leiden) : Melastomataceae. Dr C. E. B. Bremekamp (Bilthoven) : Acanthaceae, Rubiaceae. Dr J. Th. Henrard (Leiden) : Graminead. Dr F. P. Jonker (Utrecht) : Burmanniaceae. Miss Dr J. Th. Koster (Leiden) : Compositae. Dr S. J. van Ooststroom (Leiden)\': Convolvulaceae, Violaceae. Dr J. J. Smith (Oegstgeest) : Orchidaceae. Dr H. Uittien \xe2\x80\xa0 (Deventer) : Cyperaceae.

Description: 1a. Parasitic plants with filiform, twining stems, leafless or with minute pale scales. Flowers small, in clusters or short racemes; corolla mostly with 5 episepalous fimbriate scales inside ( Cuscuteae Hall, f.) 1. Cuscuta b. Non-parasitic plants with green leaves 2 2a. Pollen spinulose ( Echinoconiae Hall.f.) 18 b. Pollen not spinulose ( Psiloconiae Hall.f.) 3

Description: Prom a number of Ginkgo trees kernels were examined. The investigation of the variability of the material was greatly favoured by the large number of stones, in total about 4700. In addition, one tree, grown in the Botanic Garden at Leyden, supplied the material for an investigation of the variability of the female \xe2\x80\x9cflowers\xe2\x80\x9d, in total about 1700. 1. The number of female \xe2\x80\x9cflowers\xe2\x80\x9d or rather macrosporangiophores on the brachyblasts (short shoots) proved to be most variable, showing a correlation with the age of the shoot (Table I, fig. 1). 2. A subdivision of the macrosporangiophores into a series of types proved to be possible (Table II, fig. 2-3). 3. A certain relation between the shape of the macrosporangiophore and the shape of the leafy organs from whose axil it arises, was stated. Here again the age of the brachyblasts plays a part. It should be emphasized that the term \xe2\x80\x9cabnormality\xe2\x80\x9d is misleading. A great number of so-called abnormalities in the macrosporangiophores of Ginkgo prove to form part of a normal series of gradating variations (Table III, fig. 4). 4. There proved to be a relation between the shape of the seed and the shape of the kernels (fig. 5). Oblong seeds give long, pointed stones, while pear-shaped seeds contain club-shaped kernels. Furthermore very small seeds with normally shaped, but very small stones were found. Finally seeds are found in which the pollen-chamber is situated laterally instead of apically. In these seeds the stone is abnormal in shape, its sclerotesta mostly being incompletely lignified. 5. A further point of investigation was the length of the seed stalk (Table IV, fig. 6). This shows a considerable variation, the Leyden material possessing very short seeds stalks, while the Maastricht material had intermediate, that from Slikkerveer long stalks. 6. Finally the variation of the shape of the kernel was investigated. First of all a subdivision into stones with 1, 2, 3 or 4 ribs was made (Table V). The Leyden tree produced relatively many stones of the first group, but four-ribbed kernels are very rare, two- and three-ribbed ones being in the majority. The ratio two-ribbed stones: three-ribbed stones proved to be \xc2\xb1 3 (Table VI). It is probable that the material of Affourtit and La Rivi\xc3\xa8re has been subject to some sort of selection, on account of which their results are not fully trustworthy. 7. There proved to be a strong variation in the angles between the ribs in two- and three-ribbed seed stones (Tables VII and VIII). In the two-ribbed kernels a tendency towards angles of 180\xc2\xb0 was stated (fig. 7), the most frequent shape being that of the kernel of a prune. 8. The graphic expression of the variability of three-ribbed stones presented some difficulties. To their solution Bakhuis Roozeboom\xe2\x80\x99s triangle-method was chosen (figs 8-11). The most important result is the extreme rarity of regular seedstones with three angles of about 120\xc2\xb0 (Table IX). 9. It is certainly very remarkable that so ancient a plant as Ginkgo biloba shows such a variability in so many respects.

Description: Planta parva. Caules erecti, tenues, basi tantum ramosi, basi radicantes, c. 23 cm longi, inferne vaginati, superne 3\xe2\x80\x944-foliati. Folia erecto-patentia, lanceolata, acuminata, acutissima, basi acuta, nervis 5 majoribus sicco subtus et etiam supra prominentibus pluribusque tenuibus, sicco membranacea, ad c. 8\xe2\x80\x9412 cm longa, 1.85\xe2\x80\x942.2 cm lata, ultimum multo angustius; vagina elongata, tubulosa, prominenter nervosa. Inflorescentia terminalis, erecta, simplex, densissime multiflora, quaquaversa, pedunculo c. 3 cm longo, inferne vagina folii ultimi incluso, superne vaginula lineari c. 3 cm longa donato, rachide c. 1.2 cm longa. Bracteae valde approximatae, patentissimae vel subpatentissimae, e basi triangula longe subulato-lineari-acuminatae, 5-nerviae, ad c. 0.7 cm longae, basi dilatata fere 0.3 cm longa 0.25 cm lata, superiores minores. Flores patentes, non resupinati, c. 0.75 cm longi, sepalis petalisque divergentibus. Sepalum dorsale cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, incurvulum, oblongum, apicem versus angustatum, obtusum, concavum, parte inferiore dorso parce patentissime puberulum, 3-nervium, c. 0.65 cm longum, 0.225 cm latum. Sepala lateralia marginibus anticis c. 1/3 longitudinis connata atque rotundato-saccata, divergentia, 2/5 partibus superioribus recurvula, oblique oblonga, subsigmoidea, apice angustata, acutiuscula, valde concava, dorso nonnullis pilis brevibus inspersa, 3-nervia, costa media dorso incrassata, c. 0.64 cm longa, 0.2 cm lata. Petala oblique elliptica, subfalcatula, obtiuscula, canaliculato-concava, 3-nervia, costa media dorso valde incrassata inter sepala prominente et pilis raris inspersa, c. 0.6 cm longa, 0.25 cm lata. Labellum cum ovario angulum obtusum faeiens, gynostemio parallelum, valde concavum, 2/5 partibus superioribus valde recurvum, apice incurvulum, subtus alte sulcatum, intus valde 3-costatum, costa intermedia in 1/3 supra basin terminante, costis exterioribus intramarginalibus in bene 2/3 supra basin arcuato-incurvis et terminantibus, inexplanatum c. 0.475 cm longum, explanatum ambitu quinquangulari-ovatum, infra medium utrinque leviter obtusangule dilatatum, apice in laminam triangulam obtusam crenulatam contractum, 3-nervium, totum fere 0.6 cm longum, fere 0.4 cm latum, lamina 0.15 cm longa, 0.175 cm lata. Gynostemium cum ovario angulum obtusum faciens, rectum, apicem versus paulum incrassatum, dorso convexum, c. 0.375 cm longum, clinandrio concavo, subquadrangulo cum costa longitudinali. Anthera conspicua, cucullata, cordata, acuta, lobulis basilaribus brevissimis rotundatis, connectivo convexo-costiformi, fere 0.25 cm longa. Pollinia 2, clavata, sulcata, cum stipite longo lineari et glandula parva oblonga fere 0.3 cm longa. Rostellum porrectum, e basi lata acuminatum, acute bidentatum. Stigma margine inferiore semirotundatum productumque. Ovarium 6-sulcatum, pilis raris brevibus inspersum, c. 0.45 cm longum.\nSoemba: In the eastern part, Maoemaroe, in forest. (Iboet n. 425, 7 May 1925; \xe2\x80\x9cflowers white\xe2\x80\x9d).

Description: 1. The literature gives various methods to compile a universal scheme for the classification and identification of wood species. To attain this object a new method is now given possessing various advantages over the methods that have been used so far. 2. The wood structure is subsequently described using decimal indices. Each of five sections of features are divided into four groups, and these again in subgroups, which have been worked out by means of indices. In the treatment of various features literature data are discussed.\nThe classification of wood species aims at obtaining a grouping which, as far as possible, links up with the botanical groupings according to natural systems. 3. On the grounds given in the introduction and the discussion, the classification has been applied to features which can be perceived both with the unaided eye and a hand lens. The desirability and the possibility of classifying microscopic features in a similar way are dealt with briefly. 4. On the classification scheme an identification method is based employing loose cards. In this way, the number of woods included can be extended at will. Drawbacks attaching to the loose-card methods, used so far, have been obviated. 5. It is suggested that the decimal indexing of features should be normalized internationally.\nThe authors should greatly appreciate to receive any remarks and suggestions that might improve and supplement the classification system described.\nAmsterdam/Delft, August 1944.