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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:600
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:380
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: report , doc-type:report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: Die Sicherung einer nachhaltigen Energieversorgung ist eine zentrale Voraussetzung für eine stabile wirtschaftliche und gesellschaftliche Entwicklung. Erneuerbaren Energien fällt dabei eine entscheidende Rolle zu, da sie neben der ökonomischen und sozialen Entwicklung einen Beitrag zum Klima- und Umweltschutz leisten können. Indien hat in den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten einen Ruf als kommende Weltmacht erlangt, die derzeit noch in der Position ist, wichtige Entscheidungen für ein nachhaltiges Energiesystem zu treffen. Zudem verfügt das Land aufgrund seiner geographischen Lage über gute natürliche Rahmenbedingungen für erneuerbare Energien. Deutsche Unternehmen wiederum sind innerhalb derselben Zeitspanne zu Weltmarktführern auf dem Gebiet der erneuerbaren Energietechnologie aufgestiegen. Auf den ersten Blick scheint also die Kombination aus dem indischen Marktpotential und dem Know-how deutscher Unternehmen im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien eine Win-win-Situation zu ergeben. Aus diesem Grund beschäftigt sich Marie-Christine Gröne in ihrer vorliegenden Studie mit den derzeitigen und zukünftigen Chancen und Hemmnissen für den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien in Indien unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Interessen deutscher Unternehmen. Dabei stehen neben politischen und (energie)wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen besonders die Einschätzungen deutscher und indischer Experten und die Erfahrungen der Pionierunternehmen aus Deutschland im Vordergrund. Da sowohl Indien als auch deutsche Firmen der Branche vor Ort erst am Anfang ihres Engagements im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien stehen, legt Gröne einen Schwerpunkt auf die Evaluierung der Zukunftsperspektiven.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: German
    Type: book , doc-type:book
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: We present new viscosity measurements for melts spanning a wide range of anhydrous compositions including: rhyolite, trachyte, moldavite, andesite, latite, pantellerite, basalt and basanite. Micropenetration and concentric cylinder viscometry measurements cover a viscosity range of 10−1 to 1012 Pas and a temperature range from 700 to 1650 °C. These new measurements, combined with other published data, provide a high-quality database comprising ∼800 experimental data on 44 well-characterized melt compositions. This database is used to recalibrate the model proposed by Giordano and Dingwell [Giordano, D., Dingwell, D. B., 2003a. Non-Arrhenian multicomponent melt viscosity: a model. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 208, 337–349] for predicting the viscosity of natural silicate melts. The present contribution clearly shows that: (1) the viscosity (η)–temperature relationship of natural silicate liquids is very well represented by the VFT equation [log η=A+B/ (T−C)] over the full range of viscosity considered here, (2) the use of a constant high-T limiting value of melt viscosity (e.g., A) is fully consistent with the experimental data, (3) there are 3 different compositional suites (peralkaline, metaluminous and peraluminous) that exhibit different patterns in viscosity, (4) the viscosity of metaluminous liquids is well described by a simple mathematical expression involving the compositional parameter (SM) but the compositional dependence of viscosity for peralkaline and peraluminous melts is not fully controlled by SM. For these extreme compositions we refitted the model using a temperature-dependent parameter based on the excess of alkalies relative to alumina (e.g., AE/SM). The recalibrated model reproduces the entire database to within 5% relative error (e.g., RMSE of 0.45 logunits).
    Description: Published
    Description: 42–56
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Viscosity ; Model ; Silicate melts ; Metaluminous ; Peraluminous ; Peralkaline ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: The discovery of recent co-seismic sedimentary structures and the detection of low energy seismic activity in the Murgian plateau (Apulia - Southern Italy) motivated a more detailed examination of the tectonics in this part of the Apulian plate commonly believed to be aseismic. In particular, we examined the north-western zone where a seismic sequence with maximum magnitude 3.2 and tensional focal mechanism occurred in 1991. The analysis of the existing gravimetric data, integrated by three new profiles carried out across the epicentral area, disclosed an anomaly possibly due to an old tensional tectonic structure located within the upper crust. Even though the depth and the age hypothesised for the anomaly source would exclude a direct causal connection with the observed seismicity, this structure could be a shallower expression of a tectonic structure extending down to the crystalline basement: it could represent a zone of relative «weakness» where the regional stress, due to the interactions between Apennines and Apulian plate, encounters conditions facilitating the release of seismic energy.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Bouguer anomalies ; Murgian plateu ; low energy seismicity ; tensional structures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Primary and secondary surface deformation related to the 2001 Bhuj-Kachchh earthquake suggests that thrusting movement took place along an E-W fault near the western extension of the South Wagad Fault, a synthetic fault of the Kachchh Mainland Fault (KMF). Despite early reconnaissance reports that concluded there was no primary surface faulting, we describe an 830 m long, 15-35 cm high, east-west-trending thrust fault scarp near where the seismogenic fault plane would project to the surface, near Bharodiya village (between 23°34.912'N, 70°23.942'E and 23°34.304'N, 70°24.884'E). Along most of the scarp Jurassic bedrock is thrust over Quaternary deposits, but the fault scarp also displaces Holocene alluvium and an earth dam, with dips of 13° to 36° south. Secondary co-seismic features, mainly liquefaction and lateral spreading, dominate the area south of the thrust. Transverse right-lateral movement along the «Manfara Fault» and a parallel fault near Bharodiya suggests segmentation of the E-W master faults. Primary (thrust) surface rupture had a length of 0.8 km, maximum displacement of about 35 cm, and average displacement of about 15 cm. Secondary (strike-slip) faulting was more extensive, with a total end-to-end length of 15 km, maximum displacement of 35 cm, and average displacement of about 20 cm.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: surface rupture ; Kachchh earthquake ; thrust fault ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.01. Earthquake faults: properties and evolution ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.02. Earthquake interactions and probability
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: The aim of this paper is to evaluate empirical attenuation relationships in order to validate peak values and pseudo-velocity spectra to calibrate shaking scenarios for the Molise area, which was struck by two earthquakes of Mw ¼ 5.7 (INGV-Harvard European- Mediterranean Regional Centroid-Moment tensor project) on October 31st and November 1st, 2002. Before the earthquake occurrence this region was classified as not hazardous, according to the former Italian seismic code. After the main-shocks, felt in many towns of the Molise and Puglia regions, a strong motion and a seismic temporary network were installed in the epicentral area and surrounding regions. This allowed the collection of a large data set, useful to characterize this area. The joint velocity-acceleration data set has been used to derive ground motion models for peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and pseudo-velocity response spectra for both maximum horizontal and vertical components of the motion. The results obtained for the Molise area have been compared with the attenuation pattern of the Umbria-Marche region (central Italy) and the Italian territory. Remarkable differences have been observed leading to a discussion of the possible regional dependence of ground motion.
    Description: Published
    Description: 198–211
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ground motion predictive equations ; Molise earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Geological Institute of Hungary
    Publication Date: 2020-10-27
    Description: Published
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: open
    Keywords: phreatomagmatic ; basalt ; maar ; tuff ring ; scoria ; volcanic glass ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: Two sets of cooling experiments were run at atmospheric conditions for two anhydrous starting latitic and trachytic melts: 1) five cooling rates (25, 12.5, 3, 0.5, and 0.125 °C/min) between 1300° and 800 °C, and 2) a 11 0.5 °C/min cooling rate from 1300 °C with quench temperatures at 1200°, 1100°, 1000° and 900 °C. Trachytic run-products are invariably glassy. Nucleation is also suppressed in the latitic run-products at the three highest 13 cooling rates. Conversely, in the 0.5 and 0.125 °C/min runs, latites have a crystal content of 90 vol.%. The 14 phases are: plagioclase, clinopyroxene, glass and iron-bearing oxide (in order of abundance). The variable 15 quench temperatures, investigated by coupling experiments with Pt-wire and Pt- capsule sample containers inset 2,again did not produce crystallization of trachyte, whereas latitic samples are characterized by 10 vol.% of oxides, pyroxenes and plagioclase (in order of appearance), at temperature b1000 °C. Effects of (preferential) heterogeneous nucleation on sample holders, of superheating degree, and chemical species loss during cooling are absent for both melt compositions. The difference of solidification paths between these two silicate melts can be ascribed only to their small chemical differences. In comparison with calculated equilibrium conditions all the experimental latitic and trachytic run-products revealed strong kinetic effects, interpretable in the light of the nucleation theory. The glass- forming ability (GFA) of trachyte is higher, whereas their critical cooling rate (Rc) is lower (b0.125 °C/min), in comparison to latitic melts (RcN0.5 °C/min). The experimental results carried out in this study can be applied to lava flows and domes; trachytic lavas are able to flow for longer period with respect to latitic ones in a metastable condition. Glass-rich terrestrial lavas, i.e. obsidians, can be the result of sluggish nucleation kinetics due to the relative high polymerisation of evolved silicate melts.
    Description: Published
    Description: 91-101
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: crystallization ; lava flows ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2020-10-29
    Description: The bulk electrical conductivity of the phonotephritic lava from the 1944 eruption of Mt Vesuvius was measured using complex impedance spectroscopy in a multianvil apparatus at 1 GPa and temperatures up to 700 °C. Melting experiments prior to the electrical measurements were also performed on this sample in a piston cylinder apparatus in order to gauge how bulk conductivity varies as a function of its melt fraction. Unlike the behaviour found in basaltic rocks in which conductivity increases with increasing melt fraction, we observe a conductivity decrease of the order of a factor of ten for samples at 700 °C ranging in melt fraction from 32 vol.% to completely molten.We attribute this anomalous behaviour to the progressive loss of highly conductive leucite upon melting. The addition of potassium to the melt phase, however, does not result in an increase of the total alkali concentration due to the melting of other mineral components. We also present an empirical model to predict the electrical conductivity of fully molten silicate liquids as a function of temperature and chemical composition, based on conductivity data for natural silicate liquids found in the literature. The inclusion of compositional terms reduces the error by more than a factor of four with respect to a composition independent, temperature-only parameterization.
    Description: Published
    Description: 192-201
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Electrical conductivity ; silicate melts ; partial melting ; Mt. Vesuvius ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Abstract Seismic data users and people managing a seismic network take a great interest in the potentiality of the data, with the difference that the former look at stability, the latter at improvements. In this work, we measure the performances of the Italian Telemetered Seismic Network in the years 1985-2002 by defining basic significant parameters and studying their evolution during those years. Then, we deal with the geological methods used to characterise or to plan seismic station deployments in a few cases. Last, we define the gain of the network as the percentage of well-located earthquakes with respect to the total recorded earthquakes. By analysing the distribution of non-located (“missed”) earthquakes, we suggest possible actions to take in order to increase the gain. Results show that completeness magnitude is 2.4 in the average over the analysed period, and it can be as low as 2.2 when we consider non-located earthquakes as well. Parameters such as the minimum recording distance and the RMS of the location decrease with time, reflecting improvements in the location quality. Methods for geologic and seismological characterisation of a possible station site also resulted to be effective. Finally, we represent the number of missed earthquakes at each station, showing that nine stations control more than 50% of all missed earthquakes, and suggesting areas in Italy where the network might be easily improved.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic Networks; ; Earthquake location ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: The CROP-11 deep seismic profile across the central Apennines, Italy, reveals a previously unknown, mid-crustal antiform here interpreted as a fault-bend fold-like structure. The seismic facies and gravity signature suggest that this structure consists of low-grade metamorphic rocks. Geomorphological, stratigraphic and tectonic evidence in the overlying shallow thrusts suggests that this structure developed in early to mid-Messinian time and grew out of sequence in late Messinian– Pliocene time. The out-of-sequence growth may reflect a taper subcriticality stage of the Apenninic thrust wedge, which induced renewed contraction in the rear.
    Description: Published
    Description: 583–586
    Description: open
    Keywords: CROP project ; seismic reflection profile ; mid-crustral folding ; central Apennines ; deep crust ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: A survey of 116 repeat stations of the Italian Magnetic Network was carried out between 1989 and 1992. We describe the characteristics of the selected network repeat station sites, the characteristics of the measuring equipment, the data reduction procedure and the analysis in terms of normal field, data mapping and secular variation. Together with the values from our previous campaigns, we also determined, for all elements, the normal fields of secular variation. The new repeat station data are listed. Results, maps and normal fields are discussed with respect to previous work and future survey plans.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: geomagnetic survey and maps ; geomagnetic reference fields ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: We describe the procedures used to combine into a uniform velocity solution the observations of more than 80 continuous GPS stations operating in the central Mediterranean in the 1998-2004 time interval. We used a distributed processing approach, which makes efficient use of computer resources, while producing velocity estimates for all stations in one common reference frame, allowing for an effective merging of all the observations into a self-consistent network solution. We describe the CGPS data archiving and processing procedures, and provide main results in terms of position time-series and velocities for all stations that observed more than three years. We computed horizontal and vertical velocities accounting for the seasonal (annual and semi-annual) signals, and considering the off-sets in the coordinate time-series caused by station equipment changes. Weighted post-fit RMS of the north, east and vertical velocity components are in the range of 1.57-2.08 mm, 1.31-3.28 mm, and 3.60-7.24 mm, respectively, which are reduced by solving for seasonal signals in the velocity estimates. The annual and semi-annual signals in the height components, with amplitudes up to 4.8 mm, are much stronger than those in the horizontal components. The mean amplitudes of annual and semi-annual signals are within 0.18-0.47 mm, 0.23-0.52 mm and 0.55-1.92 mm in the north, east and vertical components, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Crustal deformations ; Satellite geodesy ; Data processing ; Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.06. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: Gas data of the Los Azufres geothermal field were analyzed using a method based on equilibrium of the Fischer- Tropsch (FT) reaction: CH4 + 2H2O = 4H2 +CO2 and on the combined pyrite-hematite-magnetite (HSH2) reactions: 5/4 H2 +3/2 FeS2 +3/4 Fe2O3 + 7/4 H2O = 3 H2S +Fe3O4 in order to estimate reservoir temperature and excess steam. The solution of equilibrium equations produces a grid (FT-HSH2). This method is suitable for reservoirs with relatively high H2S but low H2 and NH3 concentrations in the fluid as is the case of the Los Azufres well discharges. Reservoir temperature and reservoir excess steam values were estimated for initial and present conditions in representative wells of the field to study the evolution of fluids, because of exploitation and waste fluids reinjection. This method was very useful in estimating reservoir temperatures in vapor wells, while in two-phase wells it was found that as the well produces a smaller fraction of water, the reservoir temperature estimation agrees qualitatively with results from cationic or silica geothermometers. For liquid-dominated wells the reservoir temperature estimations agree with temperatures obtained from the well simulator WELFLO. This indicates that FT-HSH2 results provide the temperature of the fluid entering the well where the last equilibrium occurs. Results show a decrease in reservoir temperatures in the southern zone of the field where intensive reinjection takes place. With exploitation, it was also noted that the deep liquid phase in the reservoir is changing to two-phase increasing the reservoir steam fraction and the non-condensable gases in well discharges.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Los Azufres geothermal field ; gas geochemistry ; geothermal gas equilibria ; reservoir exploitation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 16
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Tomographic analysis of seismic surface waves can map upper mantle structure under the Antarctic plate with reliability and fairly good detail, making the best use of the relatively limited dataset currently available. The large-scale features of Antarctic upper mantle agree with global views of Earth structure under oceans and continents. Low seismic velocities map the hot thermal anomaly under mid-ocean ridges down to approximately 150 km, stronger and wider under faster-spreading ridges. Cold continental roots show as seismically fast material under the older part of the continent (East), while the West Antarctic Rift System has a clearly slow wave signature. The seismically imaged lithosphere has variable thickness under the craton. It appears rather regular and about 220 km thick under Dronning Maud Land, but it deepens in the region stretching below Enderby Land, Gamburtsev Mountains, to Wilkes Land, where it reaches its maximum thickness, in excess of 250 km. This variability in lithospheric thickness is analogous to what has been found under other continents. The high velocity anomaly imaging cratonic roots appears to spread out, as a cool halo, off the passive continental margins, but terminates sharply towards the West Antarctic Rift System. The fast/slow contact runs under the Transantarctic Mountains and it is particularly sharp in the Ross Embayment, where seismically slow material, imaged down to 250 km, can be interpreted as the deep-seated hot anomaly related to a mantle plume.
    Description: Research supported by Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide.
    Description: Published
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Antarctica ; Lithosphere ; Surface waves ; Continental Roots ; Precambrian cratons ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 17
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: A detailed analysis of the intensity attenuation in the Etna and other Italian volcanic districts, was performed using the most recent and complete intensity datasets. Attenuation laws were derived through empirical models fitting ΔI (the difference between epicentral I0 and site Ix intensities) average values versus hypocentral site distances by the least-square method. The huge amount of data available for the Etna area allowed us to elaborate bi-linear and logarithmic attenuation models, also taking source effects into account. Furthermore, the coefficients of the Grandori formulation have been re-calculated to verify the ones previously defined for seismic hazard purposes. Among the tested relationships, the logarithmic one is simple and fairly stable, so it was also adopted for the other volcanic Italian areas. The analysis showed different attenuation trends: on the one hand, Etna and Ischia show the highest decay of intensity (ΔI=4) in the first 20 km; on the contrary, the Aeolian Islands and Albani Hills present a slight intensity attenuation (ΔI=2) at 20 km from the hypocentre; finally, Vesuvius seems to have an intermediate behaviour between the two groups. The proposed regionalization gives a significantly better image of near-field damage in volcanic regions and is easily applicable to probabilistic seismic hazard analyses.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: macroseismic intensity ; attenuation ; Mt. Etna ; Italian volcanic areas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 18
    Publication Date: 2020-11-24
    Description: This paper describes a first comprehensive evaluation of the quality of the ten days ocean forecasts produced by the Mediterranean ocean Forecasting System (MFS). Once a week ten days forecasts are produced. The forecast starts on Tuesday at noon and the prediction is released on Wednesday morning with less then 24 hr delay. 5 In this work we have considered 22 ten days forecasts produced from the 16 August 2005 to the 10 January 2006. All the statistical scores have been done for the Mediterranean basin and for 13 regions in which the Mediterranean sea has been subdivided. The forecast evaluation is given here in terms of root mean square (rms) values. 10 The main skill score is computed as the root mean square of the difference between forecast and analysis (FA) and forecast and persistence (FP), where the persistence is defined as the average of the day of the analysis corresponding to the first day of the forecast. A second skill score (SSP) is defined as the ratio between rms of FA and FP, giving the percentage of accuracy of the forecast with respect to the persistence 15 (Murphy 1993). The rms of FA is always better than FP and the FP rms error is double than the rms of FA. It is found that in the surface layers the error growth is controlled mainly by the atmospheric forcing inaccuracies while at depth the forecast errors could be due to adjustments of the data assimilation scheme to the data insertion procedure. The pre20 dictability limit for our ocean forecast seems to be 5–6 days connected to atmospheric forcing inaccuracies and to the data availability for assimilation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 649–660
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: forecast assessment, ; skill scores ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2020-11-24
    Description: UNESCO has made a commitment to the scientific community for the creation of the North East Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami Warning System (NEAMTWS). We wonder: “Is the European Seismological community ready to run an Euro Mediterranean Tsunami Warning System?”. In this study we use the February 12, 2007 Ml=6.1 earthquake, which occurred close to the epicenter of the 1755 Great Lisbon event, as a case study to verify and discuss our actual capability of alerting for a hypothetical tsunami. Starting from the available real-time data and tools, we emulate an automatic real-time processing to perform the source analyses needed for discriminating a tsunamigenic earthquake, and subsequently we evaluate the time shift between the release of results and the potential tsunami waterfront reaching the coasts.
    Description: Published
    Description: L24309
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tsunami ; early warning ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2020-11-30
    Description: Sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation are crucial to the validation and calibration of numerical models. In this paper we present the application of sensitivity analyses, parameter estimations and Monte-Carlo uncertainty analyses on TEPHRA, an advection-diffusion model for the description of particle dispersion and sedimentation from volcanic plumes. The model and the related sensitivity analysis are tested on two sub-plinian eruptions: the 22 July 1998 eruption of Etna volcano (Italy) and the 17 June 1996 eruption of Ruapehu volcano (New Zealand). Sensitivity analyses are key to (i) constrain crucial eruption parameters (e.g. total erupted mass) (ii) reduce the number of variables by eliminating non-influential parameters (e.g. particle density) and (iii) investigate the interactions among all input parameters (plume height, total grain-size distribution, diffusion coefficient, fall-time threshold and mass-distribution parameter). For the two test cases, we found that the total erupted mass significantly affects the model outputs and, therefore, it can be accurately estimated from field data of the fallout deposit, whereas the particle density can be fixed at its nominal value because it has negligible effects on the model predictions
    Description: Published
    Description: B06202
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: sensitivity analysis; uncertainty estimation; tephra dispersal models; Etna; Ruapehu. ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.04. Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 21
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: Real-time observations are essential for operational forecasting that in turn can be used to predict changes of the state of the ocean and its associated biochemical fi elds. In addition, real-time observations are useful to detect changes in the past with the shortest delay, to standardize practices in data collection and to exchange data between remote regions of the ocean and seas. Th e drawback is that real-time observations could be less accurate than their delayed mode counterparts due to the time constraints for data dissemination. In situ real-time data are usually decimated to be transmitted in real time (loss of accuracy and resolution), whereas satellite data are corrected with approximate algorithms and less ancillary data. Delayed mode quality control analysis increases the value of the observational data set, fl agging outliers and producing climatological estimates of the state of the system. Th us real-time data, together with a modelling system and the climatological estimates, give the appropriate information for scientifi c studies and applications. Th e principles of operational science started to develop in the 1940s and 1950s, based on the combined use of real-time data and modelling systems that can extend the information from observations in space and time. Operational science is based on a sound knowledge of the dynamics and processes for the space/timescales of interest and operational meteorology and oceanography have started to implement these principles to weather and ocean forecasting activities. In the past 20 years, operational meteorology has become a reality with a network of in situ and satellite observations that has made the weather forecast capable of extending the theoretical limit of predictability of the atmosphere (only one-two days theoretically, now forecasts are useful for more than fi ve days on average). Today meteorological observations are mainly used in their assimilated form even if observations are still collected for specifi c process-oriented studies. Recently the meteorological re-analysis projects (Gibson et al., 1997; Kalnay et al., 1996) have released a wealth of data to be understood and analysed. Th ese data sets are coherent and approximately continuous (daily), fi lling the observational gaps in space and time with a dynamical interpolation scheme. Th e model and the real-time observations are fused in one best estimate of the state of the system by data-assimilation techniques that have been developed to a great degree of sophistication in recent years (Lorenc, 2002). Th e re-analysis data are now forming the basic reference data set to understand climate variability in the atmosphere and upper oceans. Ch20.indd 73Ch20.indd 733 3/7/07 9:58:01 AM Habwatch 734 Dynamical interpolation/extrapolation of observational data for operational forecasting in the ocean began to be investigated at the beginning of the 1980s and the fi rst successful forecasts were carried out in the open ocean (Robinson and Leslie, 1985). Th ese exercises required real-time data that were initially collected with rapid ship surveys realizing adaptive sampling schemes and collecting a combination of traditional recoverable and expendable instruments (CTD, XBTs). At the same time but in a totally independent way, shelf scale and coastal real-time data from moored and drifting sensors such as meteorological buoys and sea-level stations started to be used for shelf scale storm surge operational forecasting (Prandle, 2002). Operational oceanography is now building on this experience and considers real-time measurements from opportunity platforms and satellites in a manner very similar to operational meteorology. Th is chapter aims to show the use of real-time observations in a state-of-the-art ocean-predicting system realized in the Mediterranean. We discuss the pre-processing schemes required to properly assimilate the observations into an operational nowcasting/ forecasting system, elucidate the role and impact of diff erent observations in the assimilation system and show the use of real-time data to evaluate quality of the modelling system. We start with the description of the Mediterranean Forecasting System (MFS) real-time observing system and pre-processing quality control in Section 20.2, we then describe the modelling and assimilation system in relation to the impact of diff erent real-time observations in Section 20.3. In Section 20.4 we evaluate the consistency, quality and accuracy of the forecasting system using model-data intercomparison and Section 20.5 offers conclusions
    Description: Published
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: open
    Keywords: ocean data assimiliation, ; Mediterranean case ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 22
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: An efficient procedure is proposed in order to define realistic lower limits of velocity errors of a non-permanent GPS station (NPS), i.e. a station where the antenna is installed and operates for short time periods, typically 10-20 days per year. Moreover, the proposed method is aimed at being independent from the standard GPS data processing. The key is to appropriately subsample the coordinate time series of several continuous GPS stations (CGPSs) situated nearby or inside the considered NPS network, in order to simulate the NPS behavior and to estimate the velocity errors associated with the subsampling procedure. The obtained data are therefore used as lower limits to accept or correct the error estimates provided by standard data processing. The proposed approach is applied to data from the dense non-permanent network in the Central Apennine of Italy based on a sequence of solutions for the overlapping time spans 1999-2003, 1999-2004, 1999-2005 and 1999-2007. Both the original and error-corrected velocity patterns are used to compute the strain rate fields. The comparison between the corresponding results reveals large differences that could lead to divergent interpretations about the kinematics of the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 249–261
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Non-permanent GPS Stations ; Velocity Field ; Strain Rate ; Survey Optimization; ; Solution Sequence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: Anecdotes of concurrent eruptions at Etna, Stromboli, and Vulcano (Southern Italy) have persisted for more than 2000 years and volcanologists in recent and past times have hypothesized a causal link among these volcanoes. Here this hypothesis is tested. To introduce the problem and provide examples of the type of expected volcanic phenomena, narratives of the most notable examples of concurrent eruptions are provided. Then the frequency of eruptions at each individual volcano is analysed for about the last 300 years and the expected probability of concurrent eruptions is calculated to compare it to the observed probability. Results show that the occurrence of concurrent eruptions is often more frequent than a random probability, particularly for the Stromboli-Vulcano pair. These results are integrated with a statistical analysis of the earthquake catalogue to find evidence of linked seismicity in the Etnean and Aeolian areas. Results suggest a moderate incidence of non-random concurrent eruptions, but available data are temporally limited and do not allow an unequivocal identification of plausible triggers; our results, however, are the first attempt to quantify a more-than-2000-years-old curious observation and constitute a starting point for more sophisticated analyses of new data in the future. We look forward to our prediction of a moderate incidence of concurrent eruptions being confirmed or refuted with the passage of time and occurrence of new events.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Etna ; Stromboli ; Vulcano ; eruption, and earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 24
    Publication Date: 2020-11-20
    Description: The seismic sequence of the Umbria-Marche Apennines was a dramatic moment for the population involved; at the same time, it provided a unique occasion for the Italian scientific community and for the national civil protection to assess their respective abilities in understanding and managing the event. Furthermore, macroseismology (including historical seismology) has knowingly confronted important methodological problems, such as the procedures for assigning macroseismic intensity, the use of the macroseismic scale, the impossibility of distinguishing the effects of earthquakes following closely in both space and time, within such a complex sequence. Starting from the analysis of the problems that were faced after the 1997/98 Umbria- Marche earthquakes, as during the following seismic crises over the last 10 years, we propose some considerations on the lessons we have learnt from that seismic sequence.
    Description: Published
    Description: 331-342
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Macroseismology ; Macroseismic scales ; Intensity ; 1997 Earthquake ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 25
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: We report on structural and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Upper Miocene sediments of the Amantea basin, located on the Tyrrhenian coast of the Calabrian Arc (Southern Italy). The stratigraphic succession of the basin is organized in three depositional sequences, separated by two major angular unconformities. Detailed geologica1 mapping and structural analysis demonstrate that the stratigraphic evolution of the Amantea basin is strongly controlled by a synsedimentary extensional tectonic regime. Severa1 NNE-SSW-trending norma1 fault arrays with large scatter in inclination values have been interpreted as due to a domino faulting mechanism, consistent with a WNW-ESE stretching direction. AMS data have been obtained for 13 sites, both in the not constrained in age first depositional sequence (3 sites), and in the upper Tortonian-lower Messinian clays from the second depositional sequence (10 sites). Al1 the sites show a strong magnetic foliation parallel to the bedding planes, and a well defined magnetic lineation subparallel to the local bedding dip directions. The magnetic lineations cluster around a WNW-ESE trend and are parallel to the stretching directions inferred by fault-slip analysis and basin architecture. These new data then confirm the possibility to use the magnetic lineation to map the strain trajectory in weakly deformed extensional sedimentary basins. Paleomagnetic data (from previous studies) show that the whole Calabrian block underwent a 15°-20° clockwise rotation probably in the Pleistocene, postdating the extensional tectonic events which controlled the Amantea basin geometry. Therefore we suggest for the Amantea basin an original E-W-oriented stretching direction, which may be considered as the older extensional direction characterizing the Late Miocene evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea domain.
    Description: Published
    Description: 33-49
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magnetic fabric ; extentional tectonics ; Miocene ; Calabrian Arc ; Italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 26
    Publication Date: 2020-11-19
    Description: We report on new stratigraphic, palaeomagnetic and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from the Amantea basin, located on-shore along the Tyrrhenian coast of the Calabrian Arc (Italy). The Miocene Amantea Basin formed on the top of a brittlely extended upper plate, separated from a blueschist lower plate by a low-angle top-to-the-west extensional detachment fault. The stratigraphic architecture of the basin is mainly controlled by the geometry of the detachment fault and is organized in several depositional sequences, separated by major unconformities. The first sequence (DS1) directly overlaps the basement units, and is constituted by Serravallian coarse-grained conglomerates and sandstones. The upper boundary of this sequence is a major angular unconformity locally marked by a thick palaeosol (type 1 sequence boundary). The second depositional sequence DS2 (middle Tortonian-early Messinian) is mainly formed by conglomerates, passing upwards to calcarenites, sandstones, claystones and diatomites. Finally, Messinian limestones and evaporites form the third depositional sequence (DS3). Our new biostratigraphic data on the Neogene deposits of the Amantea basin indicate a hiatus of 3 Ma separating sequences DS1 and DS2. The structural architecture of the basin is characterized by faulted homoclines, generally westward dipping, dissected by eastward dipping normal faults. Strike-slip faults are also present along the margins of the intrabasinal structural highs. Several episodes of syn-depositional tectonic activity are marked by well-exposed progressive unconformities, folds and capped normal faults. Three main stages of extensional tectonics affected the area during Neogene-Quaternary times: (1) Serravallian low-angle normal faulting; (2) middle Tortonian high-angle syn-sedimentary normal faulting; (3) Messinian-Quaternary high-angle normal faulting. Extensional tectonics controlled the exhumation of high-P/low-T metamorphic rocks and later the foundering of the Amantea basin, with a constant WNW-ESE stretching direction (present-day coordinates), defined by means of structural analyses and by AMS data. Palaeomagnetic analyses performed mainly on the claystone deposits of DSl show a post-Serravallian clockwise rotation of the Amantea basin. The data presented in this paper constrain better the overall timing, structure and kinematics of the early stages of extensional tectonics of the southern Tyrrhenian Sea. In particular, extensional basins in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea opened during Serravallian and evolved during late Miocene. These data confirm that, at that time, the Amantea basin represented the conjugate extensional margin of the Sardinian border, and that it later drifted south-eastward and rotated clockwise as a part of the Calabria-Peloritani terrane.
    Description: Published
    Description: 147-168
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: paleomagnetism ; structural geology ; syn-sedimentary tectonics ; Amantea ; Calabria ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 27
    Publication Date: 2020-11-26
    Description: During the July^August 2001 eruption of Mt. Etna development of extensional fractures/faults and grabens accompanied magma intrusion and subsequent volcanic activity. During the first days of the eruption, we performed an analysis of attitude, displacement and propagation of fractures and faults exposed on the ground surface in two sites, Torre del Filosofo and Valle del Leone, located along the same fracture system in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression on the eastern flank of Mt. Etna. Fractures and faults formed as the consequence of a shallow intruding dyke system that fed the several volcanic centres developed along the fracture system. The investigated sites differ in slope attitude and in geometrical relationships between fractures and slopes. In particular, the fracture system propagated parallel to the gentle slope (67‡ dip) in the Torre del Filosofo area, and perpendicular to the steep slope (V25‡ dip) in the Valle del Leone area. In the Torre del Filosofo area, slight graben subsidence and horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 3 m were recorded. In the Valle del Leone area, extensional faulting forming a larger and deeper graben with horizontal extension of the ground surface by about 10 m was recorded. For the Valle del Leone area, we assessed a downhill dip of 14‡ for the graben master fault at the structural level beneath the graben where the fault dip shallows. These results suggest that dyke intrusion at Mount Etna, and particularly in the region surrounding the Valle del Bove depression, may be at the origin of slope failure and subsequent slumps where boundary conditions, i.e. geometry of dyke, slope dip and initial shear stress, amongst others, favour incipient failures.
    Description: Published
    Description: 281-294
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: dykes ; extensional fractures ; grabens ; slope failures ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.05. Stress ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 28
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Volcanic degassing is directly linked to magma dynamics and controls the style of eruptive activity. To better understand how gas is transported within basaltic magma we perform a 3D investigation of vesicles preserved in scoria from the 2005 activity at Stromboli volcano (Italy). We find that clasts are characterized by the ubiquitous occurrence of one to a few large vesicles, exhibiting mostly irregular, tortuous, channel-like textures, orders of magnitude greater in volume than all the other vesicles in the sample. We compare observations on natural samples with results from numerical simulations and experimental investigations of vesicle size distributions and demonstrate that this type of vesicle invariably forms in magmas with vesicularities 〉 0.30 (and possibly 〉 0.10). We suggest that large vesicles represent pathways used by gas to flow non-explosively to the surface and that they indicate the development of an efficient system that sustains persistent degassing in basaltic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1023–1029
    Description: 2V. Struttura e sistema di alimentazione dei vulcani
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli ; textures ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.03. Volcanic eruptions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 29
    Publication Date: 2020-11-11
    Description: Operational Oceanography (OO) emerged to a stage of development that allows the design and development of services such as the routine production of environmental and climate indicators for specific users. Indicators are synthetic indices of environmental changes at various time scales. The indicators are often used by international environmental agencies and national directorates like the European Environment Agency (EEA web page on indicators: http://themes.eea.europa.eu/indicators/) and by the regional Conventions (i.e. Helcom webpage on indicators: http://www.helcom.fi/environment2/ifs/en_GB/cover/ ). In this paper we have carried out an analysis on the possible improvements of existing indicator reporting in use by EEA and on the development of new indicators based on OO products. The list of indicators includes: Temperature, Chlorophyll-a (from ocean colour), Ocean Currents and Transport, Salinity, Transparency, Sea Level, Sea Ice and Density. A critical analysis has been carried out to identify the relevance of the above mentioned indicators for EU policies, their spatial and temporal coverage, their accuracy and their availability. The Temperature and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) products are the most suitable for an indicator development test phase. In particular the OO Chl-a product, deduced from satellite data, will be able to contribute to the further development of the EEA Chl-a indicator that is based on in-situ measurements (CSI023). Sea Level and Sea Ice products are also robust quantities for climate indicators. For the above mentioned indicators a development test phase has been undertaken in 2008 within the European Topic Center for Water (ETC-W) and BOSS4GMES (http://www.mersea.eu.org/Indicators-with-B4G.html) projects. Ocean Currents and Transports and Salinity products appear less mature for the development of new indicators at pan-European level because their connection with environmental aspects are less recognised in all European marine areas, to be noted that Transport derived indicators are available in the Norwegian Sea and in the North Sea where correlation with ecosystem components have been shown. Transparency product appears suitable for indicator production, but more effort should be put to relate the indicator to in-situ measurements. In addition to the products mentioned above, we have also identified a Density indicator that appears relevant for the eutrophication problems and ecosystem health.
    Description: EUROGOOS
    Description: Submitted
    Description: Exeter, UK
    Description: 3.11. Oceanografia Operativa
    Description: open
    Keywords: Indicators ; Operational Oceanography ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.05. Operational oceanography
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 30
    Publication Date: 2020-11-25
    Description: Earthquakes may be traumatic events and as many other environmental emergencies, like storm or floods, may cause more damages than expected when who experiences the phenomena does not know how to behave in the fall. Provided that it is always not feasible to rely on prediction when dealing with earthquakes or extreme meteorological events, preparedness proves to be an efficient (and certainly the most recommendable and cheap) way to face emergencies. Education and training are thus two ingredients to help citizens to perceive the scientific information formerly confined in the laboratories, in particular in the domain of the environmental risk. The “O3E” innovative program (European Observatory for Education and Environment) is established after 10 years (1997-2007) of regional and national original programs (“Sismos of the Schools”), and from Italian and Swiss experiences concerning environment tools for education. The project, that is a cooperation between France, Italy and Switzerland, is born to promote a responsible behaviour of citizens in front of the evolution of a society where scientific information is promptly available. ARGAL (Agency for Geological Risk in the Latin Arc) operates the administrative and technical coordination. The objective of this program is to create a school network in the Alpine and Mediterranean areas equipped with environmental sensors of an educational vocation. The data on the movement of the ground (seismometers), the temperatures and precipitations (weather stations), the flows of rivers (hydrogeology) recorded in the schools and processed by the students are collected on dedicated servers and then made available through internet to the entire educational community. This network “O3E”, once installed, is the starting point of activities. Indeed, various general objectives are pursued: - To promote the applied sciences and new technologies. - To put in network the actors of Education and formation. - To develop the sense of the autonomy and the responsibility in the young people. - To reinforce and develop relationships with regional partners of the educational and university fields. - To support a rational awakening for the prevention of the natural risks that can make the difference during the event in terms of safety. With these premises, the “O3E” experience sets up a permanent educational network of citizens in the Alpine and Mediterranean areas, building an exchange of knowledge on natural risks prevention.
    Description: Published
    Description: Aix en Provence
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Natural Hazard ; Educational network ; O3E project ; Preparedness ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 31
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: The Gorrondatxe section, a prospective Lutetian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), has recently been used as the master reference section to reassess the correlation between Eocene magnetostratigraphic and calcareous planktonic biostratigraphic scales. However, the exact calibration of some events remained ill defined, as they were thought to be missing in Gorrondatxe due to a fault. The most important missing events were the first occurrence of the planktonic foraminifera Turborotalia frontosa and the C22n/C21r chron boundary. Either might be a reliable correlation criterion for the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary, as both approach the age of the original Lutetian Stratotype. New studies allowed the identification of the former event 9 m above the Gorrondatxe fault, within magnetic polarity Chron C21r and calcareous nannofossil Zone CP12a. Distinctive test features that characterize the most primitive morphotype of T. frontosa are described. Despite the high turbidite content, recurrent pelagic limestone–marl couplets and bundles occur, whose formation was driven by precession and eccentricity astronomical cycles. The first occurrence of T. frontosa was found 27 couplets and 5.5 bundles (60 m) below the first occurrence of the calcareous nannofossil Blackites inflatus, which is dated at 48 Ma. Hence, the age of the first occurrence of T. frontosa is estimated at 48.55 Ma, confirming that it is the most suitable planktonic foraminiferal correlation criterion for the Ypresian/Lutetian boundary. These results show that the stratigraphic interval missing due to the Gorrondatxe fault cannot be greater than a few metres and reinforce the value of this section as a prospective Lutetian GSSP.
    Description: Published
    Description: 255-264
    Description: 1A. Geomagnetismo e Paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: cyclostratigraphy ; Eocene ; GSSP ; Gorrondatxe ; Lutetian ; planktonic foraminifer ; Turborotalia frontosa ; Ypresian ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism
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  • 32
    Publication Date: 2020-11-24
    Description: Apparent stress and corner frequencies are measured for the Chi-Chi, Taiwan sequence beginning with the Mw 7.6 mainshock on 20 September 1999. Using the coda source ratio method, we obtained stable source ratio estimates using broadband stations on Taiwan. We find the following: (1) For the mainshock and 3 of the larger aftershocks, apparent stress is clustered around 0.8 MPa (+/- 0.1 MPa); (2) Events below ~Mw 5.5 exhibit lower apparent stress with larger scatter, ranging between ~0.08 and 0.8 MPa and are spatially variable; 3) The Brune [1970, 1971] omega-square source model fits the spectral shape for events 4.7〈Mw〈7.6, however a step-wise break in self-similarity exists at ~Mw 5.5. We hypothesize that larger events are subject to the regional state-of-stress, whereas smaller aftershocks are sensitive to the local state-of-stress from stress-field redistribution following the mainshock and/or fault zone lubrication that affects only larger events.
    Description: Published
    Description: L10308
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: earthquake fault dynamics ; apparent stress ; dynamic stress drop ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 33
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: Geochemical investigations have shown that there is a considerable inflow of gas into both crater lakes of Monticchio, Southern Italy. These lakes are located in two maars that formed 140,000 years ago during Mt. Vulture volcano’s last eruptive activity. Isotopic analyses suggest that CO2 and helium are of magmatic origin; the latter displays 3He/4He isotope ratios similar to those measured in olivines of the maar ejecta. In spite of the fact that the amount of dissolved gases in the water is less than that found in Lake Nyos (Cameroon), both the results obtained and the historical reports studied indicate that these crater lakes could be highly hazardous sites, even if they are located in a region currently considered inactive. This could be of special significance in very popular tourist areas such as the Monticchio lakes, which are visited by about 30,000 people throughout the summer, for the most part on Sundays.
    Description: In press
    Description: 83-87
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic gases ; gas hazard ; crater lakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.08. Volcanic risk
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  • 34
    Publication Date: 2020-11-17
    Description: We investigate the P wave velocity structure and the Vp/Vs ratio beneath the Italian peninsula down to 100 and 60 km depth respectively by seismic travel time tomography. We invert data provided by the International Seismological Centre (ISC) (1997–2005), making use of some alternative strategies for the travel time approach in a well constrained and worldwide adopted code (SIMULPS). Resolution for the different layers is discussed and sensitivity analyses are performed through test inversions to explore the resolution characteristics of the model at different spatial scales. The resulting tomographic images provide a detailed sketch of the P wave anomalies, clearly showing, among the other features, the shape of the Ivrea body in the Western Alps, the upwelling of the oceanic crust in the Ligurian Sea and the slab under the Calabrian arc. They are less informative for the Vp/Vs ratio. Nevertheless, some features are very interesting and deserve further investigation like the anomalous decrease of the Vp/Vs ratio under the Ligurian Sea or the variations of the Vp/Vs ratio calculated in the first 10 km depth of the Apenninic region with respect to the lower values of the Alpine region at the same depth. The tomographic cross sections reveal a continuous superposition of two kinds of crusts (transitional over Adriatic) all along the peninsula but do not show any slab, intended as a clear, vertical downgoing high velocity material in either the northern or central Apennines.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-23
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Seismic tomography ; Lithospheric structure ; Vp/Vs ratio ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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  • 35
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Stromboli volcano is famous in the scientific literature for its persistent state of activity, which began about 1500 years ago and consists of continuous degassing and mild intermittent explosions (normal Strombolian activity). Rare lava emissions and sporadic more violent explosive episodes (paroxysms) also occur. Since its formation, the present-day activity has been dominated by the emission of two basaltic magmas, differing chiefly in their crystal and volatile contents, whose characteristics have remained constant until now. The normal Strombolian activity and lava effusions are fed by a crystal-rich, degassed magma, stored within the uppermost part of the plumbing system, whereas highly vesicular, crystal-poor light-colored pumices are produced during paroxysms testifying to the ascent of volatile-rich magma batches from deeper portions of the magmatic system. Mineralogical, geochemical, and isotopic data, together with data on the volatile contents of magmas, are presented here with the aim of discussing (1) the relationships between the different magma batches erupted at Stromboli, (2) the mechanisms of their crystallization and transfer, (3) the plumbing system and triggering mechanisms of Strombolian eruptions.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: 20
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Stromboli volcano ; Basaltic explosive activity ; Basaltic pumice ; Plumbing system ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 36
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: A model is developed of the gradient drift instability growth rate in the north polar cap ionosphere, utilizing a novel approach employing an ionospheric imaging algorithm. The growth rate values calculated by this model are in turn used to estimate how the amplitudes of actual gradient drift waves vary over time as the plasma drifts and the growth rates change with time. Ionospheric imaging is again used in order to determine plasma drift velocities. The final output from the model is in turn used to assess the linear correlation between the scintillation indices S4 and σØ recorded by several GPS L1 band scintillation receivers stationed in the north polar cap and mean gradient drift wave amplitudes. Four separate magnetic storm periods, totaling 13 days, are analyzed in this way. The results show weak but significant linear correlations between the mean wave amplitudes calculated and the observed scintillation indices at F layer altitudes.
    Description: Published
    Description: A07309
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: scintillations ; polar ionosphere ; gradient drift ; instability ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.05. Instruments and techniques ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.01. Solar-terrestrial interaction ; 05. General::05.07. Space and Planetary sciences::05.07.02. Space weather
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 37
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: Between April 10th and May 22th 2006, a small seismic swarm of 5 volcano-tectonic events occurred on the volcanic island of Stromboli (Southern Italy). Two of these, having M 〉 3 and an intensity of about V-VI MCS, were clearly felt causing concern in the population. They were recorded during a period of increased explosive activity and were followed by two major explosions at the summit craters on May 22th, few hours after the last earthquake and on 16th June. The location of such events has been performed using a probabilistic approach based on the Equal Differential Time tecnique. Using this tecnique, we were able to locate all the events, showing how they cluster below the volcanic edifice at a depth of about 5÷6 km. From observed P wave polarities we determined the focal mechanisms of the 4 major events. Using earthquake scaling nlaws, we calculated the fault area and the average slip for the two major events. Finally, assuming an homogeneous half-space model we computed the isotropic stress changes below the volcano edifice. The negative stress variation over the central axis of the volcano suggests that the earthquakes were triggered by a pressurization of the magmatic system.
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stromboli ; Magmatic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.08. Volcano seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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    Type: book chapter
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: A study of the He isotopic ratios of fluid inclusions in olivine and pyroxene from the Roman Comagmatic Province (RCP),Italy, is presented together with 87Sr/86Sr isotope compositions of the whole rock or pyroxene phenocrysts. A clear covariation in He and Sr isotopes is apparent, with a strong northward increase in radiogenic He and Sr being evident. He and Sr isotopes ratios range from 3He/4He = 5.2 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7056 in south Campania, to 3He/4He = 0.44 Ra and 87Sr/86Sr = 0.715905 in the northernmost Latium. Helium isotope ratios are significantly lower than MORB values and are among the lowest yet measured in subduction zone volcanism. The 3He/4He of olivine and pyroxene phenocryst-hosted volatiles appear to be little influenced by posteruptive processes and magma–crust interaction. The 3He/4He–87Sr/86Sr covariation is consistent with binary mixing between an asthenospheric mantle similar to HIMU ocean island basalts, and an enriched (radiogenic) mantle end member generated from subduction of the Ionian/Adriatic plate. The contribution of radiogenic He from metasomatic fluids and postmetasomatism radiogenic ingrowth in the wedge is strongly dependent on the initial He concentration of the mantle. Only when asthenosphere He concentrations are substantially lower than the MORB source mantle, and metasomatism occurred at the beginning of the subduction (f30 Ma), can ingrowth in the mantle wedge account for the 3He/4He of the most radiogenic basalts.
    Description: - European Social Fund - Scottish Universities - Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland.
    Description: Published
    Description: 295–308
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Roman Comagmatic Province ; fluid inclusions ; helium ; strontium ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.03. Mantle and Core dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.06. Subduction related processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.08. Volcanic arcs ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 39
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: The lithospheric and crustal structure of the Victoria Land continental block (Antarctica) has been studied by geological and geophysical surveys. Among them magnetovariational investigations (MV) have been addressed to highlight the deep electrical conductivity patterns which contribute to the understanding of continental rifting and tectonic setting of the region. The hypothetical event map for H linearly polarized perpendicular to the coast indicates a possible broad coast parallel conductivity anomaly zone. Despite the coast effect, this feature could be related to the deep upper mantle thermal anomaly leading to Cenozoic uplift of the Transantarctic Mountains rift flank. However, both the hypothetic event map polarized parallel to the coast and the induction arrows suggest that the area of enhanced conductivity may be confined to the Deep Freeze Range crustal block along the western flank of the Mesozoic Rennick Graben. We also discuss the possible association between increased conductivity over the Southern Cross block and extensive Cenozoic alkaline plutonism.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Magnetovariations ; electrical conductivity ; lithosphere ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
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    Type: article
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  • 40
    Publication Date: 2020-12-03
    Description: We present the results of an integrated application of the self-potential and resistivity methods to the recognition of buried remains in the archaeological site of Sumhuram (Khor-Rouri, Oman), and of the self-potential, resistivity and radar methods to the assessment of the state of conservation of the Aksum obelisk (Rome, Italy). A tomographic approach based on the concept of anomaly source occurrence probability was used for the analysis of the self-potential and resistivity data. Tomographic imaging provided reliable space patterns of the most probable specific target boundaries and notably improved the information quality of each single geophysical method.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: applied geophysics ; cultural heritage ; electrical tomography ; radar profiling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.04. Magnetic and electrical methods
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  • 41
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We brieß y review the petrological and geochemical features, and physical characteristics, of the Colle Fabbri and Ricetto rocks to discuss their possible paramagmatic origin, i.e., derived from complete melting, after devolatilization, of marly protoliths, without any orthomagmatic, ultimately mantle-derived, chemical or thermal input. Contrary to the various comments that have been made, the overall mineralogical, petrological, and geochemical data provided in the literature well agree with this Þ nding.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1926- 1933
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Wollastonite ; gehlenite ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.07. Rock geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 42
    Publication Date: 2020-12-07
    Description: On 3rd November 2002, at about 3 km off-shore of Panarea Island (Aeolian Islands, Southern Italy), a series of gas vents suddenly and violently opened from the seafloor at the depth of 10-15 m, with an unusually high gas flux and superimposing on the already existing submarine fumarolic field. Starting from the 12th November 2002 a discontinuous geochemical monitoring program was carried out. The emissions consisted in an emulsion whose liquid phase derived from condensation of an uprising vapor phase occurring close to the fluid outlets without significant contamination by seawater. The whole composition of the fluids was basically H2O- and CO2-dominated, with minor amounts of typical «hydrothermal» components (such as H2S, H2, CO and light hydrocarbons), atmospheric-related compounds, and characterized by the occurrence of a significant magmatic gas fraction (mostly represented by SO2, HCl and HF). According to the observed temporal variability of the fluid compositions, between November and December 2002 the hydrothermal feeding system was controlled by oxidizing conditions due to the input of magmatic gases. The magmatic degassing phenomena showed a transient nature, as testified by the almost complete disappearance of the magmatic markers in a couple of months and by the restoration, since January 2003, of the chemical features of the existing hydrothermal system. The most striking feature of the evolution of the «Panarea degassing event» was the relatively rapid restoration of the typical reducing conditions of a stationary hydrothermal system, in which the FeO/Fe1.5O redox pair of the rock mineral phases has turned to be the dominating redox controlling system.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Aeolian Islands ; Panarea ; submarine fumaroles ; gas chemistry ; geochemical monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 43
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: After the occurrence of two main shocks...
    Description: Published
    Description: 325-335
    Description: open
    Keywords: crustal deformation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
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  • 44
    Publication Date: 2020-12-01
    Description: Se si vuole trattare fisicamente il fenomeno del terremoto `e necessario prima di tutto conoscere e poter rappresentare la sorgente dell’evento stesso e risalire in questo modo alla soluzione analitica del problema fisico. Una sorgente sismica pu`o essere identificata con una frattura nel mezzo (una faglia o parte di essa) che sottoposta ad una sollecitazione di sforzo disloca, ovvero accade che i due lembi della faglia si muovono l’uno rispetto all’altro. Questo tipo di sorgenti `e detta di taglio perch`e la dislocazione `e provocata da sforzi di taglio. Se il movimento relativo dei due lembi di faglia `e parallelo rispetto alla linea di rottura allora la faglia `e detta faglia trascorrente; se invece il movimento `e parallelo alla profondit`a della faglia questa `e detta faglia a rigetto verticale. Una dislocazione provoca nel mezzo circostante un campo degli spostamenti che pu`o essere studiato nel contesto della teoria dell’elasticit`a, come vedremo nel capitolo (2). In questa breve trattazione vogliamo rappresentare la sorgente sismica fisicamente e analiticamente e trattare la teoria principale che riguarda le sorgenti dei terremoti (capitolo (2), paragrafo (2.1), e capitoli (3) e (4)). Quindi vogliamo poter ricavare la descrizione esplicita dei campi di spostamento, di deformazione e di sforzo che essa genera nello spazio circostante (sezioni (2) e (2.5)). Nel capitolo (6) le conoscenze acquisite verranno tradotte in un codice di simulazione del comportamento di una particolare sorgente sismica. Questo permetter`a di visualizzare, attraverso delle mappe, il comportamento del mezzo circostante una faglia che disloca in termini di spostamento, deformazione e sforzo. La comprensione di come reagisce il mezzo circostante la sorgente sismica all’avvenire del terremoto `e importante per capire come diverse faglie interagiscono fra loro, favorendo o inibendo vicendevolmente la propria rottura. E’ comunemente noto nella letteratura specialistica che un terremoto generalmente ne favorisce altri intorno a s´e (i suoi aftershocks) ed `e questo il cosiddetto fenomeno di triggering; negli ultimi anni si fa pi`u attenzione anche al fenomeno opposto, ovvero al fatto che un terremoto ha anche la capacit`a di inibire per un periodo di tempo altri fenomeni in una certa zona (scaricandone lo sforzo accumulato). Quest’area si verr`a a trovare cos`ı in un periodo di cosiddetta quiescenza. Capire quindi come reagisce il mezzo ad una dislocazione `e importante se si vogliono sviluppare modelli di previsione a breve e lungo termine. La struttura della trattazione `e pensata per dare al lettore inizialmente un approccio pi`u concettuale di alcuni aspetti del problema proposto (in particolare della rappresentazione delle sorgenti), pur portando avanti la sua soluzione analitica; solo in un secondo momento vengono ripresi ed approfonditi, sia concettualmente che quantitativamente, alcuni degli argomenti proposti nella parte iniziale. Nella prima parte (capitolo (2)) ci riferiamo in particolare al pi`u semplice problema statico per un mezzo isotropo; in un secondo momento proponiamo alcuni teoremi fondamentali in una veste pi`u generale, includendo anche la variabile temporale e riferendoci ad un mezzo anisotropo (capitolo (4)). Vogliamo trattare, inoltre, le relazioni che intercorrono tra i principali parametri di sorgente e l’energia sismica (capitolo (5)). Infine, come gi`a accennato sopra, ci occupiamo di una specifica sorgente estesa di forma rettangolare di cui calcoliamo e rappresentiamo i relativi tre campi di spostamento, sforzo e deformazione su un piano, introducendola in un programma di simulazione (capitolo(6)).
    Description: Published
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic source ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
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  • 45
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: Il domino vulcanico laziale a nord del fiume Tevere ospita una estesa falda di interesse regionale sostenuta da una potente sequenza di depositi appartenenti alle unità alloctone di facies toscana e tolfetana.
    Description: Published
    Description: Piacenza
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: open
    Keywords: volcanic hydrogeology, hydrogeochemistry, CO2 soil flux ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 46
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: In this paper we present the geological evidence of paleotsunamis in the Augusta area together with some paleoseismological implication derived from the discovery of multiple inundation events. It is well known that eastern Sicily has been affected in historical time by large earthquakes (CPTI Working group, 2004) and its southern sector in particular was strongly hit by the 1693 and 1169 events that were followed by devastating tsunamis. The Augusta Bay area is one of the locations where the information available from historical reports on tsunami effects (hit localities, inundated areas and run-up distribution) stimulated our curiosity in searching for the geological signature of tsunamis. The research was carried out through a multi-theme approach consisting of historical studies, geomorphological and geological surveys, coring campaigns, laboratory analyses (paleontological, radiometric, SEM, X-Ray, susceptibility, tephra, etc.).
    Description: Published
    Description: Roma
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: tsunami deposits ; Augusta Bay ; off-fault paleoseismology ; Eastern Sicily ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 47
    Publication Date: 2020-12-17
    Description: Nell'ambito della ricerca "Le vie romane del Mediterraneo" è stato eseguito uno studio sulle antiche vie consolari di Roma, la via Appia antica e la via Severiana mediante l'esecuzione di campagne di misure geofisiche, finalizzate all'individuazione di tratti poco noti della viabilità antica e di resti archeologici presenti lungo tali percorsi e non visibili in superficie. I metodi geofisici impiegati nella ricerca sono stati la magnetometria, il georadar, la tomografia elettrica e la microgravimetria. Tali metodologie sono state utilizzate singolarmente o integrate tra loro secondo il tipo di struttura da individuare e relativamente al contesto ambientale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 29-49
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: magnetometria ; GPR ; archeologia ; geoelettrica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
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  • 48
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Observations of very low amounts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) by means of the Ground-Based Millimeter wave Spectrometer (GBMS) are discussed. Low amounts of column water vapor (between 0.5 and 4 mm) are typical of high mountain sites and polar regions, especially during winter, and are difficult to measure accurately because of the lack of sensitivity of conventional instruments to such low PWV contents. The technique used involves the measurement of atmospheric opacity in the range between 230 and 280 GHz with a spectral resolution of 4 GHz, followed by the conversion to precipitable water vapor using a linear relationship. We present the intercomparison of this data set with simultaneous PWV observations obtained with Vaisala RS92k radiosondes, a Raman lidar, and an IR Fourier transform spectrometer. These sets of measurements were carried out during the primary field campaign of the Earth Cooling by Water vapor Radiation (ECOWAR) project which took place at Breuil-Cervinia (45.9N, 7.6E, elevation 1990 m) and Plateau Rosa (45.9N, 7.7E, elevation 3490 m), Italy, from 3 to 16 March 2007. GBMS PWV measurements show a good agreement with the other three data sets exhibiting a mean difference between observations of 9%. The considerable number of data points available for the GBMS versus lidar PWV correlation allows an additional analysis which indicates negligible systematic differences between the two data sets.
    Description: Published
    Description: D14314
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: millimeter wave spectroscopy ; column water vapor ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure
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  • 49
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: A sedimentary sequence spanning Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6 to MIS 2 in core LC07, recovered in the central Mediterranean, has been investigated in order to produce a high-resolution paleoceanographic reconstruction. The changes in productivity deduced from calcareous plankton relative abundances and independently confirmed by the BaXS fluctuations are linked to the stability of the water column which is mainly controlled by the water mass temperature. During glacial intervals, productivity was generally enhanced. Oligotrophic and warmer water masses with a deepened seasonal thermocline can be inferred for most of MIS5. The magnetic properties of the sediment show increased occurrences of North Africa dust in the central Mediterranean during cold phases, likely as a consequence of a more efficient erosive process triggered by southward displacement of the intertropical convergence zone. Although increases in both productivity and Saharan dust occurred during cold periods, the atmospheric inputs do not seem to contribute significantly to the fertilization of primary producers. A Shannon Index curve has been used to tentatively synthesize the variations of calcareous nannofossil assemblages through the last 150 kyr. The assemblage diversity sharply increased coincident with the transition from the penultimate glacial to the last interglacial, subsequently low diversity was gradually reached again in the last glacial.
    Description: Published
    Description: 26-41
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: calcareous nannofossils ; foraminifera ; paleoproductivity ; Late Pleistocene ; central mediterranean ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2020-12-18
    Description: This paper presents the project Earth Cooling by Water Vapor Radiation, an observational programme, which aims at developing a database of spectrally resolved far infrared observations, in atmospheric dry conditions, in order to validate radiative transfer models and test the quality of water vapor continuum and line parameters. The project provides the very first set of far-infrared spectral downwelling radiance measurements, in dry atmospheric conditions, which are complemented with Raman Lidar-derived temperature and water vapor profiles.
    Description: MIUR PRIN 2005, project 2005025202/Area 02.
    Description: Published
    Description: L04812
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: IR H2O rotation band ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.05. Radiation
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  • 51
    Publication Date: 2020-12-15
    Description: A burning peat site in the Po Valley (Italy) has been investigated for the first time. Beyond the smoke from the smoldering combustion of peat, there are carbonatic concretions and huge amounts of methane in the soil (〉60% by vol.), leading to fluxes to the atmosphere of the order of 10 to the power of 2/10 to the power of 3 mg m to the power of -2 d to the power of -1. A wide range of analyses (gas composition, stable isotopes of CH4 and CaCO3, methane radiocarbon) were performed in order to understand whether methane is produced by peat layers or seeps from deeper natural gas reservoirs. The quasi-fossil character of CH4, methane-derived carbonates, methane-stable isotopic compositions related to marine carbonates reduction, the presence of helium, and a fault corresponding to the burning site all converge to indicate that the major part of the methane ascends from deep horizons. Such methane seepage is likely to feed the peat combustion, explaining the observed phenomena and the large outbursts of historical gas-emission events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 401-413
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Methane ; seep ; peat ; gas flux ; Po plain ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.05. Gases
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  • 52
    Publication Date: 2020-12-21
    Description: The lithological and compositional characteristics of eighteen different pyroclastic deposits of Campanian origin, dated between 125 cal ky BP and 22 cal ky BP, were described. The pyroclastic deposits were correlated among different outcrops mainly located on the Apennine slopes that border the southern Campanian Plain. They were grouped in two main stratigraphic and chronologic intervals of regional significance: a) between Pomici di Base (22.03 cal ky BP; Somma–Vesuvius) and Campanian Ignimbrite (39 cal ky BP; Campi Flegrei) eruptions; and b) older than Campanian Ignimbrite eruption. Three new 14C AMS datings support the proposed correlations. Six eruptions were attributed to the Pomici di Base- Campanian Ignimbrite stratigraphic interval, while twelve eruptions are older than Campanian Ignimbrite. Of the studied deposits two originated from Ischia island, five are related to Campi Flegrei, and three to Somma– Vesuvius. Two eruptions have an uncertain correlation with Somma–Vesuvius or Campi Flegrei, while six eruptions remain of uncertain source. Minimum volumes of five eruptions were assessed, ranging between 0.5 km3 and 4 km3. Two of the studied deposits were correlated with Y-3 and X-5 tephra layers, which are widely dispersed in the central Mediterranean area. The new stratigraphic and chronologic data provide an upgraded chrono-stratigraphy for the explosive activity of Neapolitan volcanoes in the period between 125 and 22 cal ky BP.
    Description: Published
    Description: 19–48
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Neapolitan volcanoes ; late Pleistocene ; explosive eruptions ; Somma–Vesuvius ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 53
    Publication Date: 2020-12-23
    Description: In July 1998, an Mw = 6.2 earthquake struck the islands of Faial, Pico and San Jorge (in the Azores Archipelago), registering VIII on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale and causing major destruction in the northeastern part of Faial. The main shock was located offshore, 8 km North East of the island, and it triggered a seismic sequence that lasted for several weeks. The existing data for this earthquake include both the general tectonic environment of the region and the teleseismic information. This is accompanied by one strong-motion record obtained 15 km from the epicentre, the epicentre location of aftershocks, and a large collection of the damage inflicted to the building stock (as poor rubble masonry, of 2-3 storeys). The present study was carried out in two steps: first, with a finite-fault stochastic simulation method of ground motion at sites throughout the affected islands, for two possible locations of the rupturing fault and for a large number of combinations of rupture mechanisms (as a parametric analysis); secondly, the damage to buildings was modelled using a well-known macroseismic method that considers the building typologies and their associated vulnerabilities. The main intent was to integrate different data (geological, seismological and building features) to produce a scenario model to reproduce and justify the level of damage generated during the Faial earthquake. Finally, through validation of the results provided by these different approaches, we obtained a complete procedure for the parameters of a first model for the production of seismic damage scenarios for the Azores Islands region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 361–381
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Stochastic finite-fault scenarios ; Building damage assessment ; 9th July Faial earthquake ; Azores Islands ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 54
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: Recently, there has been an increased interest in studying and defining the Local and Regional Geoid Model worldwide, due to its importance in geodetic and geophysics applications.The use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) is internationally growing, yet the lack of a Geoid Model for Jordan has limited the use of GPS for the geodetic applications in the country. This work aims to present the preliminary results that we propose for «The Gravimetric Jordanian Geoid Model (GeoJordan)». The model is created using gravimetric data and the GRAVSOFT program. The model is validated using GPS and precise level measurements in the Amman area. Moreover, we present a comparison using the Global Geopotential Model OSU91A and the EGM96 Model and the results showed great discrepancies. We also present the approach used to obtain the orthometric height from GPS ellipsoidal height measurements. We found that the error margin obtained in this work of the GeoJordan after fitting the data with GPS/leveling measurements is about (10 cm) in the tested area whereas the standard error of the created model is about (40 cm).
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Gravimetric Jordanian Geoid Model (GeoJordan) ; Least Square Collocation (LSC) ; Global Geopotential Model (GGM) ; Global Positioning System (GPS) ; undulation (N) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.02. Gravity methods
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 55
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Foreland basins are flat elongated areas occurring along subduction and collision zones worldwide. We show that, in such basins, subsidence can be induced by earthquakes generated along bordering thrust faults due to coseismic displacement, postseismic displacement and liquefaction-induced compaction. As an example, the potential effects of earthquakes on the subsidence of Venice, which is located in the Po Plain foreland basin, are discussed. It is generally assumed that natural subsidence of Venice is continuous and that subsidence rates are rather constant through time. However, catastrophic pulses of subsidence cannot be ruled out as tought by the sudden disappearance of the island of Malamocco at the beginning of the XII century. The results of numerical models specifically run suggest that the risk of subsidence accelerations in Venice due to coseismic displacements is negligible. Modelling results from literature suggest that postseismic subsidence could be of the order of 1 cm. Although the effects of a single event should be improbably detectable, such a subsidence is not a priori negligible considering the number of seismogenic sources located within 100 km from the town. Historical sources are utilized to discuss the feasibility of liquefaction-induced subsidence in Venice. It is shown that the destruction and sinking of ancient Malamocco is roughly coincident with a strong earthquake cycle that was associated to phenomena that can be explained with liquefaction of sandy layers. Although the historical documents do not permit to establish a clear causal link between the earthquake and land subsidence, it is concluded that liquefaction-induced subsidence cannot be ruled out as a potential source for local subsidence acceleration.
    Description: Submitted
    Description: open
    Keywords: subsidence, Venice, Italy, earthquake, liquefaction ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
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  • 56
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Northern Victoria Land is located at the boundary between an extended, presumably hot, region (West Antarctic Rift System) and the thick, possibly cold, East Antarctic craton. The style and timing of Tertiary deformation along with relationships with the magmatic activity are still unclear, and contrasting models have been proposed. We performed structural and morphotectonic analyses at the NE termination of northern Victoria Land in the Admiralty Mountains area, where the relationship between topography, tectonics, and magmatism is expected to be well pronounced. We found evidence of two subsequent episodes of faulting, occurring concurrently with the Neogene McMurdo volcanism. The first episode is associated with dextral transtension, and it is overprinted by extensional tectonics during the emplacement of large shield alkaline volcanoes. Upper mantle seismic tomography shows that the extensional regime is limited to regions overlying a low-velocity anomaly. We interpret this anomaly to be of thermal origin, and have tested the role of largescale upwelling on lithosphere deformation in the area. The results of this integrated analysis suggest that the morphotectonic setting of the region and the magmatism is likely the result of upwelling flow at the boundary between the cold cratonic and the hot stretched province (WARS), at work until recent time in this portion of the northern Victoria Land.
    Description: Published
    Description: TC4015
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Antarctica ; Admiralty Mountains ; Extensional Tectonics ; Mantle Upwelling ; Seismic Tomography ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 57
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: abstract - The description of wave propagation by a viscoelastic rheology allows for the introduction of two important phenomena: wave dissipation, i.e., the conversion of motion into heat, and velocity dispersion, the phenomenon in which two different Fourier components travel with different velocities. In this work, we consider a mechanical representation of viscoleastic media, which in virtue of its simplicity constitues a useful tool to model the variety of dissipation mechanisms present in real media. Examples of simulated wavefields in these type of media can be found, for instance, in the works of Carcione et al. (1988a,b), where the equations are based on the standard linear solid model. Here we analyze in detail the physical properties and capabilities of different mechanical models, and give some hints to obtain realistic models of attenuation and velocity dispersion; for example, the constant Q phenomenon and the set of relaxation peaks over a given frequency band.
    Description: Published
    Description: 235-256
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Rheology ; Wave Propagation ; viscoelastic Behaviour ; Linear standard Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 58
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Surface mass balance (SMB) distribution and its temporal and spatial variability is an essential input parameter in mass balance studies. Different methods were used, compared and integrated (stake farms, ice cores, snow radar, surface morphology, remote sensing) at eight sites along a transect from Terra Nova Bay (TNB) to Dome C (DC) (East Antarctica), to provide detailed information on the SMB. Spatial variability measurements show that the measured maximum snow accumulation (SA) in a 15 km area is well correlated to firn temperature. Wind-driven sublimation processes, controlled by the surface slope in the wind direction, have a huge impact (up to 85% of snow precipitation) on SMB and are significant in terms of past, present and future SMB evaluations. The snow redistribution process is local and has a strong impact on the annual variability of accumulation. The spatial variability of SMB at the kilometre scale is one order of magnitude higher than its temporal variability (20–30%) at the centennial time scale. This high spatial variability is due to wind-driven sublimation. Compared with our SMB calculations, previous compilations generally over-estimate SMB, up to 65% in some areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 803-813
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: East Antarctica ; Surface Mass Balance ; Snow accumulation ; GPR ; GPS ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.02. Cryosphere/atmosphere Interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 59
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Recent snow accumulation rate is a key quantity for ice core and mass balance studies. Several accumulation measurement methods (stake farm, fin core, snow-radar profiling, surface morphology, remote sensing) were used, compared and integrated at eight sites along a transect from Terra Nova Bay to Dome C (East Antarctica) to provide information about the spatial and temporal variability of snow accumulation. Thirty-nine cores were dated by identifying tritium/β marker levels (1965–66[AUTHOR: Please check dates, I don’t think this agrees with table 1]) and no-sea-salt (nss) SO4 raised to the power of 2– spikes of the Tambora volcanic event (1816) in order to provide information on temporal variability. Cores were linked by snow radar and GPS surveys to provide detailed information on spatial variability in snow accumulation. Stake farm and ice core accumulation rates are observed to differ significantly, but isochrones (snow radar) correlate well with ice core derived accumulation. The accumulation/ablation pattern from stake measurements suggests that the annual local noise (metre scale) in snow accumulation can approach 2 years of ablation and more than four times the average annual accumulation, with no accumulation or ablation for a 5-year period in up to 40% of cases. The spatial variability of snow accumulation at the kilometre scale is one order of magnitude higher than temporal variability at the multi-decadal/secular scale. Stake measurements and firn cores at Dome C confirm an approximate 30% increase in accumulation over the last two centuries, with respect to the average over the last 5000 years.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113-124
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: East Antarctica ; GPR ; GPS ; snow accumulation ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.02. Cryosphere/atmosphere Interaction ; 02. Cryosphere::02.02. Glaciers::02.02.06. Mass balance
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  • 60
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: A retrieval of tropospheric volcanic ash from Mt Etna has been carried out, using measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The NASA-MODIS satellite instrument acquires images in the 0.4 to 14 μm spectral range with a spatial resolution of 1 km at nadir. The eruption which occurred on 24 November 2006 is considered as a test case in this work. In order to derive the ash plume optical thickness, the particle effective radius and the total mass, the Brightness Temperature Difference procedure has been applied to MODIS channels 31 (centered at 11 μm) and 32 (centered at 12 μm). Channel 5 (centered at 1.24 μm) has been used to refine the cloud discrimination, exploiting the distinct reflectivity of meteorological and volcanic clouds in the near infrared spectral range. The detection of volcanic ash pixels has been significantly improved by applying an atmospheric water vapor correction to MODIS data. This procedure doubles the number of pixels identified as containing volcanic ash compared to the original method. The retrieved mean ash optical thickness at 0.55 μm, mean particle effective radius and the total ash mass in the plume are 0.4, 3.5 μm and 3620 tons, respectively. A detailed sensitivity analysis has been carried out to investigate errors in the retrieval caused by the uncertainty in various parameters: surface temperature and emissivity, plume geometry (altitude and thickness), ash type and atmospheric water vapor. Results show that the largest contributions to retrieval errors are from uncertainty in surface parameters, aerosol type and atmospheric water vapor. The total tropospheric volcanic ash retrieval errors are estimated to be 30%, 30% and 40% for mean AOT, mean effective radius and total mass retrieval, respectively.
    Description: Published
    Description: 023550
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: volcanic ash ; Mt. Etna volcano ; MODIS ; sensitivity study ; MODTRAN radiative transfer model ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.08. Instruments and techniques
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  • 61
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: The solubility of H2O-CO2 fluids in a synthetic analogue of a phono-tephritic lava composition from Alban Hills (Central Italy) was experimentally determined from 50 to 500 MPa and 1200 and 1250°C. H2O and CO2 contents in experimental glasses were determined by bulk analytical methods and FTIR spectroscopy. For the quantification of volatile concentrations by IR spectroscopy we have calibrated the absorption coefficients of water-related and carbon-related bands for phono-tephritic compositions. The determined absorption coefficients are 0.62 ± 0.06 L mol-1cm-1 for the band at ~4500 cm-1 (OH groups) and 1.02 ± 0.03 L mol-1cm-1 for the band at ~5200 cm-1 (H2O molecules). The coefficient for the fundamental OH stretching vibration at 3550 cm-1 is 63.9 ± 5.4 L mol-1cm-1. CO2 is bound in the phono-tephritic glass as CO32- exclusively; its concentration was quantified by the peak height of the doublet near the 1500 cm-1 band with the calibrated absorption coefficient of 308 ± 110 L mol-1cm-1. Quench crystals were observed in glasses with water contents exceeding 6 wt% even when using a rapid quench device, limiting the application of IR spectroscopy for water-rich glasses. H2O solubility in the ultrapotassic melts (7.52 wt% K2O) as a function of pressure is similar to the solubility in basaltic melts up to 400 MPa (~8 wt%) but is higher at 500 MPa (up to 10.71 wt%). At 500 MPa and 1200°C, the CO2 capacity of the phono-tephritic melt is about 0.82 wt%. The high CO2 capacity is probably related to the high K2O content of the melt. At both 200 and 500 MPa, the H2O solubility shows a non linear dependence on XfH2O in the whole XfH2O range. The variation of CO2 solubility with XfCO2 displays a pronounced convex shape in particular at 500 MPa, implying that dissolved H2O promotes the solubility of CO2. Our experimental data on CO2 solubility indicate that the interaction between phono-tephritic magma and carbonate rocks occurring in the Alban Hills magmatic system may result in partial dissolution of CO2 from limestone into the magma. However, although the CO2 solubility in phono-tephritic melts is relatively high compared to that in silicic to basaltic melts, the capacity for assimilation of limestone without degassing is nevertheless limited to 〈 1 wt% at the P-T conditions of the magma chamber below Alban Hills.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105–120
    Description: 3V. Proprietà chimico-fisiche dei magmi e dei prodotti vulcanici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: H2O ; CO2 ; solubility ; ultrapotassic magmas ; Alban Hills ; infrared spectroscopy ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.01. Composition and Structure
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  • 62
    Publication Date: 2021-01-11
    Description: no abstracts
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Sestri Levante (Ge, Italy)
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei sistemi vulcanici
    Description: open
    Keywords: alkali feldspars ; trachytic melts ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 63
    Publication Date: 2021-01-07
    Description: The CO2 degassing process from a large area on the Tyrrhenian side of central Italy, probably related to the input into the upper crust of mantle fluids, was investigated in detail through the geochemical study of gas emissions and groundwater. Mass-balance calculations and carbon isotopes show that over 50% of the inorganic carbon in regional groundwater is derived from a deep source highlighting gas−liquid separation processes at depth. The deep carbonate−evaporite regional aquifer acts as the main CO2 reservoir and when total pressure of the reservoir fluid exceeds hydrostatic pressure, a free gas phase separates from the parent liquid and escapes toward the surface generating gas emissions which characterise the study area. The distribution of the CO2 flux anomalies and the location of high PCO2 springs and gas emissions suggest that the storage and the expulsion of the CO2 toward the atmosphere are controlled by the geological and structural setting of the shallow crust. The average CO2 flux and the total amount of CO2 discharged by the study area were computed using surface heat flow, enthalpy and CO2 molality of the liquid phase circulating in the deep carbonate−evaporite aquifer. The results show that the CO2 flux varies from 1×104 mol y−1 km−2 to 5×107 mol y−1 km−2, with an average value of 4.8×106 mol y−1 km−2, about five times higher than the value of 1×106 mol y−1 derived by Kerrick et al. [Kerrick, D.M., McKibben, M.A., Seward, T.M., Caldeira, K., 1995. Convective hydrothermal CO2 emission from high heat flow regions. Chem. Geol. 121, 285–293] as baseline for terrestrial CO2 emissions. The total CO2 discharged from the study area is 0.9×1011 mol y−1, confirming that Earth degassing from Tyrrhenian central Italy is a globally relevant carbon source
    Description: Published
    Description: 89–102
    Description: 2.4. TTC - Laboratori di geochimica dei fluidi
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earth degassing ; carbon dioxide ; CO2 flux ; groundwater ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2009) American Geophysical Union
    Description: This contribution presents a semiempirical model describing the effective relative viscosity of crystalbearing magmas as function of crystal fraction and strain rate. The model was applied to an extensive data set of magmatic suspensions and partially molten rocks providing a range of values for the fitting parameters that control the behavior of the relative viscosity curves as a function of the crystal fraction in an intermediate range of crystallinity (30–80 vol % crystals). The analysis of the results and of the materials used in the experiments allows for evaluating the physical meaning of the parameters of the proposed model. We show that the model, by varying the parameters within the ranges obtained during the fitting procedure, is able to describe satisfactory the effective relative viscosity as a function of crystal fraction and strain rate for suspensions having different geometrical characteristics of the suspended solid fraction.
    Description: Published
    Description: Q03010
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: melts ; concentrated suspensions ; viscosity ; strain rate ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.05. Rheology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.03. Magmas ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.03. Inverse methods
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  • 65
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Nell’area del Garda, gli effetti di sito sono stati valutati in modo speditivo, utilizzando le informazioni geologiche e geomorfologiche di superficie insieme a misure di rumore ambientale. Dove possibile, sono stati utilizzati anche dati e informazioni disponibili dagli studi di rischio sismico della Regione Lombardia-CNR (1996). Le misure di rumore sono state effettuate nei quattro comuni prescelti: Vobarno, Salò, Toscolano Maderno e Gardone Riviera. Inoltre è stata condotta una campagna di misure lungo la Val Sabbia, dove sono stati rilevati i maggiori danni. Nel comune di Gardone Riviera è stata selezionata un’area rappresentativa dell’intero versante che va da questo comune fino a Gargnano, caratterizzato da depositi eluviali sovrastanti calcari stratificati. Come area rappresentativa dei conoidi detritici, presenti in vari comuni del lago, deposti lungo il fronte del sovrascorrimento e immergenti nel lago di Garda, è stato selezionato l’abitato di Toscolano Maderno. L’area di Vobarno si trova su depositi alluvionali recenti e terrazzati del fiume Chiese, mentre Salò è ubicatosu depositi morenici di spessore significativo (massimo un centinaio di metri) su cui poggiano depositi alluvioniali recenti. Lo scopo di questo studio è la classificazione dei suoli secondo la normativa italiana (Ordinanza PCM 3274; 2003 e Norme tecniche per le costruzioni; D.M. 14/09/05) attraverso l’utilizzo congiunto delle informazioni geologiche e della frequenza di risonanza dei depositi, calcolata attraverso i rapporti spettrali della componente orizzontale e verticale del rumore ambientale. Inoltre si è verificato se esistesse una correlazione fra dati di intensità risentita durante l’evento del 24 Novembre 2004 e le condizioni di sito, individuate utlizzando informazioni geologiche.
    Description: Progetto INGV-DPC S3 “Scenari di scuotimento in aree di interesse prioritario e/o strategico” (coord. F.Pacor e M.Mucciarelli).
    Description: Published
    Description: 4.1. Metodologie sismologiche per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: open
    Keywords: site effects ; microtremor analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 66
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    Giunti Progetti Educativi
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.8. TTC - Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Informazione ; Educazione ; Protezione Civile ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book
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  • 67
    Publication Date: 2021-03-01
    Description: La necessità di un catalogo di terremoti specifico per l'Etna deriva dal fatto che il Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani CPTI non consente una caratterizzazione di dettaglio della sismicità a scala del vulcano in quanto riporta solo gli eventi principali selezionati in base a soglie energetiche e finestre spazio-temporali. La frequente sismicità dell'area è eccezionalmente documentata da un'ampia base di dati storici che a partire dal 1800 "rendicontano" con continuità e dovizia di particolari i fenomeni sismici e vulcanici all'Etna. La compilazione del Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Etnei passa attraverso l'utilizzo di questo patrimonio informativo - circa 200 fonti "primarie" analizzate tra studi, relazioni e bollettini - e giunge a definire un quadro completo ed omogeneo sulla sismicità locale negli ultimi 170 anni. È a partire da questo set di dati che si rende possibile lo studio delle sequenze sismiche anche in relazione alle diverse fasi di attività vulcanica, dei meccanismi di rilascio sismico delle faglie attive che attraversano le aree urbanizzate, cioè in definitiva delle relazioni tra processi geodinamici locali e meccanismi eruttivi. Il catalogo, nella versione aggiornata dal 1832 al 2005, riporta 1783 terremoti suddivisi in eventi principali e repliche, dei quali 177 al di sopra della soglia del danno. Per tutti gli eventi è disponibile la base dati di intensità espressa secondo la Scala Macrosismica Europea 1998; complessivamente l'archivio macrosismico contiene 8422 osservazioni al sito. Ogni terremoto è riportato con i seguenti parametri: localizzazione ed intensità epicentrale, magnitudo macrosismica, classe di qualità del dato macrosismico e, ove possibile, struttura sismogenetica cui è associato. Dagli anni '70 in poi sono disponibili anche magnitudo e profondità strumentali. Il catalogo ed il relativo database delle osservazioni macrosismiche è disponibile in rete in formato semplificato. La versione completa, che consente interrogazioni complesse e supporta mappe interattive, è scaricabile dal sito e installabile su PC (solo per Windows).
    Description: Published
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: open
    Keywords: osservazioni Macrosismiche, Terremoti etnei ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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  • 68
    Publication Date: 2021-03-18
    Description: This paper analyzes three historical seismic damage patterns in Potenza, the main town of the Basilicata Region, in Southern Italy. We refer to the 1826, 1857 and 1930 earthquakes, which hit the town with intensities ranging from VI-VII to VIII-IX MCS. In order to depict the seismic effects, we analyzed original documents, most of them never consulted before. The events have been located on an urban map of Potenza dating back to 1875. This research represents the starting point for further investigations, with the goal of highlighting the causes of the ‘anomalies’ in the distribution of the effects.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Basilicata ; Potenza ; historical earthquake ; damage pattern ; seismic microzonation ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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  • 69
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: This is the first report in the scientific literature of direct measurement of the terminal settling velocity of volcanic particles during an eruption. Field measurements using a continuous wave X-band disdrometer were carried out at Mt. Etna on 18 and 19 December 2002, when the explosive activity produced a 4 km high volcanic plume. These data allow the estimation of the intensity of the fallout and the measurement of the terminal settling velocities of the volcanic particles in real-time. The main results are: (1) the tested instrument detected coherent falling volcanic particles from 0.2 to 1 mm diameter; (2) measured terminal settling velocities were in agreement with both experimental and theoretical methods; (3) however, the measured velocities were clustered around few discrete values, rather than a range of velocities as would be expected if the particles were falling simultaneously and discretely. This new methodology has many new applications for local hazard mitigation and improved understanding of fallout processes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-5
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Volcanology: Explosive volcanism ; Volcanology: Remote sensing of volcanoes ; Volcanology: Instruments and techniques ; Volcanology: Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.02. Experimental volcanism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.06. Volcano monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.07. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 70
    Publication Date: 2021-05-12
    Description: Although the tectonic features and stress regime typical for accretionary complexes and back-arc domains have been widely documented so far, few are known on the transitional zone separating these two systems. Here we report on structural analysis and anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) results from Eocene–Pliocene sediments exposed in western Sardinia. From late Oligocene to middle Miocene, the studied area was located between the Alpine–Apennine wedge to the east, which was undergoing shortening and accretion, and the Liguro–Provenc al basin, undergoing extension and spreading. We find that, prior to the formation of the Liguro–Provenc al basin, the middle Eocene–lower Oligocene sediments cropping out at the southwesternmost edge of Sardinia were subjected to NE–SW shortening (in present-day coordinates), in agreement with recently reported geological information. Conversely, the upper Oligocene–Pliocene sedimentary sequences record a different evolutionary stage of extensional processes. Upper Oligocene–middle–upper Burdigalian sediments clearly show a N–S-oriented magnetic lineation that can be related to extensional direction along the prevalent E–W-oriented normal faults. On the other hand, no magnetic lineation has been detected in upper Burdigalian–Serravallian sediments, which mark the end of the first rifting process in Sardinia, which likely coincides with the rift-to-drift transition at the core of the Liguro–Provençal basin. Finally, a NE–SW extension is observed in two Tortonian–Pliocene sites at the northwestern margin of the NNW–SSE-oriented Campidano graben. Our study confirms that AMS may represent a valuable strain-trajectory proxy and significantly help to unravel the characters of temporally superimposed tectonic events.
    Description: Published
    Description: 213-232
    Description: 3.4. Geomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Back-arc basin ; Magnetic anisotropy susceptibility (AMS) ; Sardinia ; Mediterranean area ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.09. Structural geology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 71
    Publication Date: 2021-05-11
    Description: world ocean: in fact, those processes dramatically affect the climatic equilibrium of our planet. For this reason, many advanced active and passive remote sensors have been used to study phytoplankton dynamics, since such phenomena are thought to be responsible for the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, one of the most important greenhouse gases. In this paper, one laser system and three satellite radiometers routinely used for the study of the phytoplankton dynamics will be briefly reviewed. Satellite sensors have been preferred to airborne sensors because, to our knowledge, ocean color airborne radiometers have not been operated in Antarctica, at least not throughout the whole lapse of time examined in this study. Particular focus was on the laser system (ELF) and on a specific satellite radiometer (SeaWiFS). ELF is based on the laser-induced fluorescence of phytoplankton pigments and was conceived for the Italian expeditions to Antarctica. The goal of SeaWiFS is to provide the Earth science community with quantitative data on the global ocean bio-optical properties. Such satellite radiometer has been calibrated with in situ data mainly acquired in non polar regions. This is why a comparison between ELF and SeaWiFS measurements of chlorophyll-a surface concentrations in the Southern Ocean during the austral summer 1997-1998 was believed to be significant. Our results indicate that SeaWiFS overestimates high concentrations and underestimates low concentrations. In order to correct this behavior, the chlorophyll- a bio-optical algorithm of SeaWiFS has been recalibrated according to the measurements of ELF, thus providing a new estimation of the primary production in the Southern Ocean.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: LIDAR fluorosensor ; satellite radiometer ; SeaWiFS calibration ; chlorophyll-a ; primary production ; Antarctica ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.04. Chemical and biological::03.04.01. Biogeochemical cycles
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    Type: article
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  • 72
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: A comparison between two of the most used scintillation models and experimental data is presented. The experimental data have been derived from a GPS scintillation monitor developed at Cornell University and placed in Tucuman (Argentina), under the peak of the anomaly. The models used (GISM and WBMOD) have been run for the geophysical conditions corresponding to the measurements. The comparison is done by subdividing the information on the basis of an ionospheric grid of 5°×5° surface square boxes. The comparison has been performed for several local times, from 18 LT until 04 LT. Here, only a few cases of particular interest are shown. The goal is to understand if the models are able to forecast actual scintillation morphology (from the satellite navigation systems point of view) and if they could be used to yield an estimate of scintillation effects on satellite navigation systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: ionospheric scintillations ; scintillation models ; GPS ; SBAS ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous
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  • 73
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: This paper presents a review of the ionospheric scintillation monitoring and modelling by the European groups involved in COST 296. Several of these groups have organized scintillation measurement campaigns at low and high latitudes. Some characteristic results obtained from the measured data are presented. The paper also addresses the modeling activities: four models, based on phase screen techniques, with different options and application domains are detailed. Finally some new trends for research topics are given. This includes the wavelet analysis, the high latitudes analysis, the construction of scintillation maps and the mitigation techniques.
    Description: Published
    Description: 391-416
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: scintillation ; measurement campaigns ; phase screen models ; radar ; wavelets ; maps ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 74
    Publication Date: 2021-05-17
    Description: At least two transient events of extreme global warming occurred superimposed on the long-term latest Paleocene and early Eocene warming trend in the Paleocene-Eocene thermal maximum (PETM) (or ETM1 ~55.5 Ma) and the Elmo (or ETM2 ~53.6 Ma). Other than warmth, the best known PETM is characterized by (1) significant injection of 13C-depleted carbon into the ocean-atmosphere system, (2) deep-sea carbonate dissolution, (3) strong biotic responses, and (4) perturbations of the hydrological cycle. Documentation of the other documented and suspected "hyperthermals" is, as yet, insufficient to assess whether they are similar in nature to the PETM. Here we present and discuss biomagnetostratigraphic data and geochemical records across two lower Eocene successions deposited on a continental margin of the western Tethys: the Farra and Possagno sections in the Venetian pre-Alps. We recognize four negative carbon isotope excursions within chron C24. Three of these shifts correlate to known or suspected hyperthermals: the PETM, the Eocene thermal maximum 2 (~53.6 Ma), and the informally named "X event" (~52.5 Ma). The fourth excursion lies within a reverse subchron and occurred between the latter two. In the Farra section, the X event is marked by a ~0.6% negative carbon isotope excursion and carbonate dissolution. Furthermore, the event exhibits responses among calcareous nannofossils, planktic foraminifera, and dinoflagellates that are similar to, though less intense than, those observed across the PETM. Sedimentological and quantitative micropaleontological data from the Farra section also suggest increased weathering and runoff as well as sea surface eutrophication during this event.
    Description: Published
    Description: PA2209
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Paleoclimate ; Hyperthermal events ; Early Eocene ; Bio-magnetostratigraphy ; Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.09. Environmental magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 75
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: The GSHAP CAUCAS test area was established under the INTAS Ct.94-1644 (Test Area for sismic Hazard Assessment in the Caucasus) and NATO ARW Ct.95-1521 (Historical and Prehistorical Earthquakes in the Caucasus), with the initial support of IASPEI, UNESCO and ILP. The high tectonic interest and seismicity rate of the whole area, the availability of abundant multi-disciplinary data and the long established tradition in hazard assessment provide a unique opportunity to test different methodologies in a common test area and attempt to establish some consensus in the scientific community. Starting from the same input data (historical and instrumental seismic catalogue, lineament and homogeneous seismic source models) six independent approaches to seismic hazard assessment have been used, ranging from pure historical deterministic to seismotectonic probabilistic and areal assessment methodologies. The results are here compared.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard assessment ; Caucasus ; historical earthquake ; UN/IDNDR ; active faults ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 76
    Publication Date: 2021-04-07
    Description: Magma generation in the Ross Sea system is related to partial melting of strongly metasomatised mantle sources where amphibole most probably plays a crucial role. In this context, metasomatism induced by a mela-nephelinite melt in lithospheric mantle of the Mt. Melbourne Volcanic Province (northern Victoria Land – NVL, Antarctica) was investigated experimentally studying the effects of melt interaction with lherzolite at 1.5-2.0 GPa and T=975-1300°C, and wehrlite at 1.0 GPa and T=1050-1250°C. The experiments were designed to induce melt infiltration into the ultramafic rocks. The observed modifications in minerals are compared with those found in mantle xenoliths from NVL. The effects of metasomatic modifications are evaluated on the basis of run temperature, distance from the infiltrating melt and on the diffusion rates of chemical components. Both in lherzolite and wehrlite, clinopyroxene exhibits large compositional variations ranging from primary diopside to high Mg-Cr-(Na) augitic and omphacitic clinopyroxenes in lherzolite, and to low Mg and high Ti-Al-Fe-Na augites in wehrlite. Olivine (in wehrlite) and spinel (in lherzolite) also result compositionally modified, the former shows enrichments in Fe, the latter displays a higher Cr/(Cr+Al) ratio. The systematic variations in mineral compositions imply modifications of the chemistry of the infiltrating melt as recorded by the glass veinlets and patches observed in some charges. In experiments involving wehrlite paragenesis, the glass composition approaches that of melt patches associated to both amphibole-free and amphibole-bearing natural samples, and is related to olivine+clinopyroxene crystallisation coupled with primary clinopyroxene dissolution at the contact between the metasomatising melt and the solid matrix. Even if amphibole crystallisation was not attained in the experiments, we were able to explain the occurrence of amphibole in the natural system considering that in this case a hot metasomatising melt infiltrates a cooler matrix.
    Description: Published
    Description: 279-302
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Mantle ; metasomatism ; lherzolite ; wehrlite ; melt-rock reaction experiments ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 77
    Publication Date: 2021-06-15
    Description: Public works in progress in the Campanian plain north of Somma-Vesuvius recently encountered the remains of a prehistoric settlement close to the town of Afragola. Rescue excavations brought to light a Bronze Age village partially destroyed and buried by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) of the Vesuvian Pomici di Avellino eruption (3.8 14C ka BP) and subsequently sealed by alluvial deposits. Volcanological and rockmagnetic investigations supplemented the excavations. Careful comparison between volcanological and archaeological stratigraphies led to an understanding of the timing of the damage the buildings suffered when they were struck by a series of PDCs. The first engulfed the village, located some 14 km to the north of the inferred vent, and penetrated into the dwellings without causing major damage. The buildings were able to withstand the weak dynamic pressure of the currents and deviate their path, as shown by the magnetic fabric analyses. Some later collapsed under the load of the deposits piled up by successive currents. Stepwise demagnetization of the thermal remanent magnetization (TRM) carried by potsherds embedded in the deposits yields deposition temperatures in the order of 260– 320 °C, fully consistent with those derived from pottery and lithic fragments from other distal and proximal sites. The fairly uniform temperature of the deposits is here ascribed to the lack of pervasive air entrainment into the currents. This, in turn, resulted from the lack of major topographical obstacles along the flat plain. The coupling of structural damage and sedimentological analyses indicates that the currents were not destructive in the Afragola area, but TRM data indicate they were still hot enough to cause death or severe injury to humans and animals. The successful escape of the entire population is apparent from the lack of human remains and from thousands of human footprints on the surface of the deposits left by the first PDCs. People were thus able to walk barefoot across the already emplaced deposits and escape the subsequent PDCs. The rapid cooling of the deposits was probably due to both their thinness and heat dissipation due to condensation of water vapour released in the mixture by magma–water interaction.
    Description: Published
    Description: 408–421
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: 3.5. Geologia e storia dei vulcani ed evoluzione dei magmi
    Description: 3.6. Fisica del vulcanismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: pyroclastic density current ; Bronze Age ; magnetic fabric ; deposition temperature ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.05. Volcanic rocks
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  • 78
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Earthquake Early Warning Systems (EEWS), based on real-time prediction of ground motion or structural response measures, may play a role in reducing vulnerability and/or exposition of buildings and lifelines. In fact, recently seismologists developed efficient methods for rapid estimation of event features by means of limited information of the P-waves. Then, when an event is occurring, probabilistic distributions of magnitude and source-to-site distance are available and the prediction of the ground motion at the site, conditioned to the seismic network measures, may be performed in analogy with the Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). Consequently the structural performance may be obtained by the Probabilistic Seismic Demand Analysis (PSDA), and used for real-time risk management purposes. However, such prediction is performed in very uncertain conditions which have to be taken into proper account to limit false and missed alarms. In the present study, real-time risk analysis for early warning purposes is discussed. The magnitude estimation is performed via the Bayesian approach, while the earthquake localization is based on the Voronoi cells. To test the procedure it was applied, by simulation, to the EEWS under development in the Campanian region (southern Italy). The results lead to the conclusion that the PSHA, conditioned to the EEWS, correctly predicts the hazard at the site and that the false/missed alarm probabilities may be controlled by set up of an appropriate decisional rule and alarm threshold.
    Description: Published
    Description: 867–885
    Description: open
    Keywords: Early warning ; Hazard ; Real-time ; Risk ; False alarm ; Missed alarm ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
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  • 79
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Mercury is a global pollutant that can be found in different forms and different ecosystems. Special attention has recently been devoted to mercury due to its high chemical reactivity, its global spreading, its biogeochemical cycling, its transformations in the environment, its ability for biomagnification and its high toxicity. Beside anthropogenic sources, mercury can also be of natural origin. Among natural Hg sources, volcanoes can be important. Volcanic gas emissions may be rich in elemental gaseous mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous mercury (HgII) and other mercury forms. Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy) is one of the most active volcanoes in the world and one of the largest contributors of magmatic volatiles to the environment; consequently, we tried to estimate its contribution to regional and global Hg budgets and tested the eligibility of Hg as a tool for volcano monitoring. Mercury concentrations have been measured on Mt. Etna during several campaigns carried out between 2004 and 2007 in fumaroles, mofettes and diffuse degassing areas, as well as in the air inside and across the volcanic plume. In addition, Hg fluxes have been measured by flux chamber technique. Mercury concentrations measured in air below the volcanic plume in November 2004 ranged between 4 and 30 ng m-3 at low altitude, and between 65 and 132 ng m-3 close to the summit craters. A profile of Hg in the air below the volcanic plume carried out on helicopter on November 2006 showed Hg concentrations up to 60 ng m-3. Hg contents in fumarole gases reached 64,200 ng m-3, and soil gas Hg showed temporal variations that reached the highest values (up to 240 ng m-3) in fall 2005. The highest Hg fluxes were measured in bubbling gas from mud volcanoes at the SW foot of Etna, reaching 1300 ng m-2 h-1. Mercury contents were found highly correlated both with water/mud temperature at mud volcanoes and with concurrent soil CO2 effluxes. In the latter case, hydrothermal gases showed higher values and a higher correlation than “cold”gases. Our results, therefore, look promising for the use of mercury in geochemical monitoring of volcanic activity.
    Description: Ministry for Foreign Affairs, Iceland Samorka – Icelandic Energy and Utilities University of Iceland The Icelandic Institute of Natural History Icelandic Road Administration Icelandic Meteorological Office Iceland GeoSurvey Viðlagatrygging Íslands Soil Conservation Service of Iceland Ministry for the Environment Ministry of Education, Science and Culture
    Description: Published
    Description: Reykjavík, Iceland
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: open
    Keywords: mercury gas ; Mt. Etna ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 80
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The GROSMARIN (which stands for GrandROSMARIN) cruise is proposed by UMR Géosciences Azur (with fellow french and italian research groups). Its goals are to better characterize active structures along this zone and to assess the resulting seismic hazard in a sort of continuation with respect to the MALISAR experiment, which has already surveyed some active structures through shallow observations. The GROSMARIN cruise is in fact the necessary counterpart to characterize them at depth.
    Description: Published
    Description: Palazzo Congressi della Stazione Marittima, Trieste, Italy
    Description: open
    Keywords: Ligurian Sea ; Tomography ; Active seismology ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
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  • 81
    Publication Date: 2021-06-03
    Description: no abstract
    Description: Published
    Description: 341–342
    Description: 4.5. Degassamento naturale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Earth degassing sities italy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.01. Gases
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  • 82
    Publication Date: 2021-06-03
    Description: La definizione dell’attività di strutture tettoniche è un pre-requisito fondamentale per la comprensione delle caratteristiche sismotettoniche di un settore del territorio italiano che, come l’Appennino centrale, è stato interessato in tempi storici da eventi sismici di elevata magnitudo. Dunque, l’individuazione e la caratterizzazione dell’attività tardopleistocenica-olocenica di faglie potenzialmente responsabili di forti terremoti è di cruciale importanza in un’ottica di valutazione della pericolosità sismica. Nel presente lavoro vengono analizzate due faglie normali che interessano l’Appennino centrale, la faglia normale che delimita ad ovest la Montagna dei Fiori, uno dei rilievi più esterni della catena, e quella che borda a sud-ovest il bacino di Leonessa, con l’obiettivo di dare un contributo per una migliore definizione delle caratteristiche sismotettoniche di questo settore del territorio nazionale. La faglia normale della Montagna dei Fiori è una struttura lunga almeno 15 km la cui attività è stata responsabile della dislocazione di circa 900 m del substrato carbonatico. Il piano di faglia e la scarpata ad esso associata sono visibili in modo discontinuo lungo il versante. I rilevamenti geologici e geomorfologici effettuati chiariscono come l’esposizione del piano di faglia sia esclusivamente legata a fenomeni gravitativi, anche di grandi dimensioni, che interessano le formazioni calcareo-marnose (Scaglia Cinerea, Marne con Bisciaro, Marne con Cerrogna) affioranti al tetto della struttura, e a fenomeni di erosione selettiva fra le formazione della successione umbro-marchigiana affioranti al letto ed al tetto. La faglia, inoltre, è sigillata da una paleosuperficie di origine erosiva sospesa varie centinaia di metri al di sopra del fondovalle attuale del fiume Salinello (in località Colle Osso Caprino) e da brecce di versante (in località Pozzoranno) associabili a quelle riconosciute in modo ubiquitario in Appennino entrale ed attribuite al Pleistocene inferiore. Come per il caso della Montagna dei Fiori, il piano della faglia bordiera del bacino di Leonessa è visibile in modo discontinuo lungo i versanti che delimitano il settore meridionale della depressione. I nostri rilevamenti di terreno ci consentono di attribuire l’esposizione del piano i) a fenomeni gravitativi che interessano la fascia detritica depostasi alla base della scarpata di faglia e ii) a fenomeni di erosione selettiva fra i detriti ed il substrato carbonatico affiorante al letto della struttura tettonica, ad opera di corsi d’acqua perpendicolari al versante. Depositi di conoide alluvionale (“conoide alluvionale di Leonessa”) attribuiti da alcuni autori ad un contesto cronologico compreso fra la fine del Pleistocene inferiore ed il Pleistocene medio e che determinano una superficie terrazzata chiaramente visibile in tutto il bacino, non sembrano essere stati interessati (né dislocati né basculati) dall’attività di tale faglia. Inoltre, ulteriori due ordini di conoide alluvionale depostisi al di sopra di quello sopra citato ed attribuibili tentativamente al Pleistocene superiore, sigillano chiaramente la struttura tettonica. Dunque, dalle nostre osservazioni si evince che, per quello che riguarda la faglia normale della Montagna dei Fiori, tale struttura tettonica non risulta essere attiva almeno a partire dal Pleistocene inferiore e che l’esposizione del piano di faglia è esclusivamente legata a fenomeni gravitativi e di morfoselezione. Ciò corroborerebbe quanto proposto da altri autori che attribuiscono a questa struttura tettonica esclusivamente un’attività pre- e sin- fase tettonica compressiva. Per quello che riguarda il bacino di Leonessa, è possibile ipotizzare che la faglia bordiera sia stata attiva fino al Pleistocene inferiore, creando lo spazio per l’accumulo dei depositi del conoide alluvionale di Leonessa. L’attività sarebbe poi terminata, o quantomeno si sarebbe ridotta ad un tasso decisamente inferiore a quello degli agenti morfodinamici, a partire dal Pleistocene medio.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Camerino (MC), Italia
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: scarpate di faglia ; Appennino Centrale ; faglie non attive ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This section reports preliminary data and results on petrology and geochemistry of AND-1B core
    Description: Published
    Description: in press
    Description: 2.3. TTC - Laboratori di chimica e fisica delle rocce
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: McMurdo Ice Shelf ; AND-1B Core ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.05. Mineralogy and petrology
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  • 84
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Antarctica’s late Cenozoic (the past ~15 million years) climate history is poorly known from direct evidence, owing to its remoteness, an extensive sea ice apron, and an ice sheet cover over the region for the past 34 million years. Consequently, knowledge about the role of Antarctica’s ice sheets in global sea level and climate has relied heavily upon interpretations of oxygen isotope records from deep-sea cores. Whereas these isotopic records have revolutionized our understanding of climate-ice-ocean interactions, questions still remain about the specific role of Antarctic ice sheets in global climate. Such questions can be addressed from geological records at the marine margin of the ice sheets, recovered by drilling from floating ice platforms [e.g., Davey et al., 2001; Harwood et al., 2006; Barrett, 2007].
    Description: Published
    Description: 557-568
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Antarctic ; climate ; 02. Cryosphere::02.03. Ice cores::02.03.05. Paleoclimate
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  • 85
    Publication Date: 2021-06-16
    Description: A stable isotope record from a stalagmite collected from Antro del Corchia cave (Apuan Alps, Central Italy), supported by 17 uranium-series ages, indicates enhanced regional rainfall between ca 8.9 and 7.3 kyr cal. BP at the time of sapropel S1 deposition. Within this phase, the highest rainfall occurred between 7.9 and 7.4 kyr cal. BP. Comparison with different marine and lake records, and in particular with the Soreq Cave record (Israel), suggests substantial in-phase occurrence of enhanced rainfall between the Western and Eastern Mediterranean basins. There is no convincing evidence for major climatic change at the time of the “8.2 kyr event”.
    Description: Published
    Description: 279-286
    Description: 3.8. Geofisica per l'ambiente
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: climatic change ; olocene ; sapropel S1 ; stalagmite ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.01. General::03.01.06. Paleoceanography and paleoclimatology
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  • 86
    Publication Date: 2021-06-08
    Description: The large amount of digital data recorded by permanent and temporary seismic networks makes automatic analysis of seismograms and automatic wave onset time picking schemes of great importance for timely and accurate earthquake locations. Since 2002 the Centro di Ricerche Sismologiche (CRS, Seismological Research Center, http://www.crs.inogs.it/) of the Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS, Italian National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) is involved in the EU Interreg IIIA project Trans-national seismological networks in the South-Eastern Alps together with other four institutions: the Earth Science Department of the Trieste University in Italy, the Civil Protection Department of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Autonomous Region (DPCFVG) in Italy, the Environmental Agency of the Republic of Slovenia (ARSO), and the Austrian Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG). The Antelope software suite has been chosen as the common basis for real-time data exchange, rapid location of earthquakes and alerting. Each institution has an instance of Antelope running at its data center and acquires data in real-time from its seismic stations and those of the other partners. Antelope detects events by STA/LTA algorithm and the association is based on location by grid search. The actual set up for fast location capabilities uses only P arrivals. The location is performed by grid search over 87x81 nodes for an extension of 7x6.4 degrees (corresponding to cells of 8.9 km in longitude and 8.7 km in latitude) centered in Lat=46.26o, Lon=13.28o with depth steps at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20 and 24 km, using the 1D uniform velocity model IASPEI91. Recently the CRS acquired a new SUN cluster hardware: consequently a new set up of the Antelope software suite has been tested to improve location accuracy using a denser grid and also S-phases arrivals. The results of the performances of the new configuration will be shown; in particular, we compute the variance of the differences between the location data sets of the two different configurations, inferring the precision of each data set by comparing them with the reference OGS bulletin database. We adopt the recall, precision and accuracy estimators to appraise objectively the results and compare them with those of the other datasets.
    Description: Published
    Description: Perugia (Italy)
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: open
    Keywords: Antelope ; earthquake ; location ; OGS ; Friuli ; bulletin ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 87
    Publication Date: 2021-06-22
    Description: A magnetic anomaly map and a free air anomaly map of Prydz Bay, of the adjacent slope and over the continental rise area (63°S-69.5°S, 69°E-81°E) were compiled using Russian, Australian, Japanese and other available data (more than 20 000 km in total length). Adjustment of different data sets was performed before gridding and making contour maps. Crossover differences of the magnetic data were significantly reduced by removing data segments with short-period time variations, by applying time variation corrections of Mawson Station to Australian and Japanese data, and by giving a constant bias to each trackline. Crossover differences of the gravity data were also substantially reduced by applying a constant bias to each cruise/leg. According to the compiled gravity data, in the western part of Prydz Bay the continent ocean boundary is inferred to be situated around the shelf edge at the seaward end of Prydz Channel, while it is in the continental rise in the eastern part. The gravity data also suggest the presence of sediments in the Prydz Bay basin reaching a thickness of about 8 km and overlying a "granitic" layer; the Moho beneath the basin is located at a depth of about 22 km. According to the magnetic data, highly-magnetized rocks occur at shallow depths northwest of the Prydz Bay basin and other parts of Prydz Bay.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Prydz Bay ; shipborne data ; magnetic anomalies ; gravity anomalies ; two-dimensional modelling ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.04. Magnetic anomalies
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 88
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: We have processed thirty Global Positioning System (GPS) campaigns carried out at Etna from 1994 to early 2001 between the last two main flank eruptions of the Mt. Etna (Sicily, Italy). This rest period allowed us to investigate the deep magma plumbing system of the Mt. Etna. The temporal dynamics of twenty-three points observed three times or more were analyzed. All the time series show a first-order linear trend during the five years period. It suggests that the volcano was continuously deformed by the action of a deep source while a discrete activity of the volcano was observed at the summit. We have interpreted the residual deformation field as the result of an major eastward motion of the eastern flank of the volcano.
    Description: Published
    Description: L02309
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.01. Crustal deformations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 89
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: Earthquake Statistics in Models and Data
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV), Rome, Italy Institute of Statistical Mathematics (ISM), Tokyo, Japan Swiss Seismological Service, Institute of Geophysics (ETH), Zürich, Switzerland
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Erice, Italy
    Description: open
    Keywords: Forecasting ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Oral presentation
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  • 90
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: Because historical catalogs generally span only a few repetition intervals of major earthquakes, they do not provide much constraint on how regularly earthquakes recur. In order to obtain better recurrence statistics and long-term probability estimates for events M ? 6 on the San Andreas fault, we apply a seismicity model to this fault. The model is based on the concept of fault segmentation and the physics of static dislocations which allow for stress transfer between segments. Constraints are provided by geological and seismological observations of segment lengths, characteristic magnitudes and long-term slip rates. Segment parameters slightly modified from the Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities allow us to reproduce observed seismicity over four orders of magnitude. The model yields quite irregular earthquake recurrence patterns. Only the largest events (M ? 7.5) are quasi-periodic; small events cluster. Both the average recurrence time and the aperiodicity are also a function of position along the fault. The model results are consistent with paleoseismic data for the San Andreas fault as well as a global set of historical and paleoseismic recurrence data. Thus irregular earthquake recurrence resulting from segment interaction is consistent with a large range of observations.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; model ; San Andreas fault ; seismic hazard ; fault segments ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 91
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: Stratospheric balloons are powerful and affordable tools for a wide spectrum of scientific investigations that are carried out at the stratosphere level. They are less expensive compared to satellite projects and have the capability to lift payloads from a few kilograms to a couple of tons or more, well above the troposphere, for more than a month. Another interesting feature of these balloons, which is not viable in satellites, is the short turnaround time, which enables frequent flights. We introduce the PEGASO (Polar Explorer for Geomagnetism And other Scientific Observations) project, a stratospheric payload designed and developed by the INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia), Rome and La Sapienza University, Rome. The project was sponsored by the PNRA (Progetto Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide), Italy (Peterzen et al., 2003). This light payload (10 kg) was used by the Italian Space Agency (ASI) and Andoya Rocket Range (ARR) for five different scientific missions. PEGASO carries a 3-component flux-gate magnetometer, uses a solar cell array as the power source and has a GPS location system. The bi-directional telemetry system for data transfer and the remote control system were IRIDIUM based.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1633-1640
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: LDB ; Magnetometer ; Polar-areas ; Stratosphere ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 92
    Publication Date: 2021-06-07
    Description: A database of magnetic susceptibility measurements of stony achondrites (acapulcoitelodranite clan, winonaites, ureilites, angrites, aubrites, brachinites, howardite-eucrite-diogenite (HED) clan, and Martian meteorites, except lunar meteorites) is presented and compared to our previous work on chondrites. This database provides an exhaustive study of the amount of iron-nickel magnetic phases (essentially metal and more rarely pyrrhotite and titanomagnetite) in these meteorites. Except for ureilites, achondrites appear much more heterogeneous than chondrites in metal content, both at the meteorite scale and at the parent body scale. We propose a model to explain the lack of or inefficient metal segregation in a low gravity context. The relationship between grain density and magnetic susceptibility is discussed. Saturation remanence appears quite weak in most metal-bearing achondrites(HED and aubrites)compared to Martian meteorites. Ureilites are a notable exception and can carry a strong remanence, similar to most chondrites.
    Description: Published
    Description: 405 - 427
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: meteorites ; magnetic susceptibility ; rock magnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 93
    Publication Date: 2021-06-09
    Description: Envisat MERIS and AATSR data have been acquired in the framework of the Eurorisk-Preview project. The project addresses European civil protections and proposes to develop, at the European scale, new information services to support the risk management. In Italy one of the most important natural risks is due to the presence of volcanoes. Mt. Etna in Sicily, displays persistent activity, periodically interrupted by eruptions, which emit volcanic aerosol and ash to different altitudes in troposphere affecting the central Mediterranean area. In order to test the use of MERIS and AATSR data to derive emitted particles parameters as optical depth, effective radius and the ash mass of particles, the already developed remote sensing techniques has been adapted. MERIS and AATSR data acquired during the Mt. Etna 2002-2003 volcanic eruption has been chosen. The use of VIS and TIR bands of the two sensor demonstrates the potential to derive useful information on plume particles and to monitor the volcanic plume during eruption if frequent and high resolution data is available in near real time.
    Description: Published
    Description: Frascati
    Description: 1.5. TTC - Sorveglianza dell'attività eruttiva dei vulcani
    Description: 1.10. TTC - Telerilevamento
    Description: 4.3. TTC - Scenari di pericolosità vulcanica
    Description: open
    Keywords: Volcanic aerosol ; Volcanic ash ; Mt. Etna ; Envisat data ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.07. Volcanic effects ; 04. Solid Earth::04.08. Volcanology::04.08.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 94
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: The Antarctic Geological Drilling (ANDRILL) program — a collaboration between Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and the United States that is one of the larger programs endorsed by the International Polar Year (IPY; http:// www .ipy .org) — successfully completed the drilling phase of the Southern McMurdo Sound (SMS) Project in December 2007. This second drill core of the program’s campaign in the western Ross Sea, Antarctica, complements the results of the first drilling season [Naish et al., 2007] by penetrating deeper into the stratigraphic section in the Victoria Land Basin and extending the recovered time interval back to approximately 20 million years ago.
    Description: Published
    Description: 89-90
    Description: 1.8. Osservazioni di geofisica ambientale
    Description: 2.2. Laboratorio di paleomagnetismo
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: ANDRILL ; SMS Project ; MMCO (Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum) ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.08. Sediments: dating, processes, transport ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.10. Stratigraphy ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.06. Paleomagnetism ; 04. Solid Earth::04.05. Geomagnetism::04.05.07. Rock magnetism
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 95
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The aim of this study was to investigate the microbial community thriving at two shallow hydrothermal vents off Panarea Island (Italy). Physico-chemical characteristics of thermal waters were examined in order to establish the effect of the vents on biodiversity of both Bacteria and Archaea. Water and adjacent sediment samples were collected at different times from two vents, characterised by different depth and temperature, and analysed to evaluate total microbial abundances, sulphuroxidising and thermophilic aerobic bacteria. Total microbial abundances were on average of the order of 105 cells ml-1, expressed as picoplanktonic size fraction. Picophytoplanktonic cells accounted for 0.77–3.83% of the total picoplanktonic cells. The contribution of bacterial and archaeal taxa to prokaryotic community diversity was investigated by PCR–DGGE fingerprinting method. The number of bands derived from bacterial DNA was highest in the DGGE profiles of water sample from the warmest and deepest site (site 2). In contrast, archaeal richness was highest in the water of the coldest and shallowest site (site 1). Sulphur-oxidising bacteria were detected by both culture- dependent and -independent methods. The primary production at the shallow hydrothermal system of Panarea is supported by a complex microbial community composed by phototrophs and chemolithotrophs.
    Description: Published
    Description: 199-212
    Description: 1.2. TTC - Sorveglianza geochimica delle aree vulcaniche attive
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: hydrothermal vents ; bacteria ; geochemistry ; fluids ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.03. Physical::03.03.01. Air/water/earth interactions
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 96
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Two major deformation belts occur in the portion of the Adriatic Sea offshore the Gargano Promontory. The NE-SW - trending Tremiti Deformation Belt, located north of the Gargano Promontory, originated during the Plio- Quaternary, while the E-W-trending South Gargano Deformation Belt, located south of the Gargano Promontory, formed in a time span from Eocene to Early Pliocene. These deformation belts may have originated by tectonic inversion of Mesozoic extensional faults. This inversion tectonics, of Tertiary age, can be related to the evolution of the fold-and thrust belts surrounding the Adriatic Sea. The whole of the study area is, at present, seismically active and represents a preferential site of deformation.
    Description: Published
    Description: 573-578
    Description: open
    Keywords: southern Adriatic Sea ; foreland tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.07. Tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 97
    Publication Date: 2021-06-30
    Description: The NNE-trending Yangsan Fault (YSF) is the most prominent fault in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula and has a continuous trace about 200 km long. Activity on this fault was recently investigated using aerial photographs, topographic analysis, and trenching. The geomorphologic evidence of Late Quaternary faulting is clearly recognized on both the northern (Yugyeri and Tosung-ri areas) and southern parts (Eonyang to Tongdosa area) of the fault. The main YSF is marked by a zone of shattered rock that is tens of meters wide and zone of fault gouge. During the Late Quaternary, right-lateral movement occurred mainly on the southern part, as shown by lowangle striations on the fault plane, elongation of deformation features in the fault gouge. The estimated vertical slip rate is about 0.02-0.07 mm/yr, and the lateral slip rate may be several times larger than the vertical rate. The most recent event occurred prior to deposition of Holocene alluvium. In the northern part, the fault locally changes trend to almost N-S, dips to the east and has reverse movement. The average vertical slip rate is estimated less than 0.1 mm/yr. The most recent event probably occurred after 1314 cal. years BP (A.D. 536).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Yangsan Fault (YSF) ; Korean Peninsula ; averge slip rate ; most recent event ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.01. Earthquake geology and paleoseismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 98
    Publication Date: 2020-09-29
    Description: This chapter summarizes a comparative study of shear-wave velocity models and seismic sources in the Campanian volcanic areas of Vesuvius and Phlegraean Fields. These velocity models were obtained through the nonlinear inversion of surfacewave tomography data, using as a priori constraints the relevant information available in the literature. Local group velocity data were obtained by means of the frequency–time analysis for the time period between 0.3 and 2 s and were combined with the group velocity data for the time period between 10 and 35 s from the regional events located in the Italian peninsula and bordering areas and two station phase velocity data corresponding to the time period between 25 and 100 s. In order to invert Rayleigh wave dispersion curves, we applied the nonlinear inversion method called hedgehog and retrieved average models for the first 30–35km of the lithosphere, with the lower part of the upper mantle being kept fixed on the basis of existing regional models. A feature that is common to the two volcanic areas is a low shear velocity layer which is centered at the depth of about 10 km, while on the outside of the cone and along a path in the northeastern part of the Vesuvius area this layer is absent. This low velocity can be associated with the presence of partial melting and, therefore, may represent a quite diffused crustal magma reservoir which is fed by a deeper one that is regional in character and located in the uppermost mantle. The study of seismic source in terms of the moment tensor is suitable for an investigation of physical processes within a volcano; indeed, its components, double couple, compensated linear vector dipole, and volumetric, can be related to the movements of magma and fluids within the volcanic system. Although for many recent earthquake events the percentage of double couple component is high, our results also show the presence of significant non-double couple components in both volcanic areas.
    Description: Published
    Description: 287-309
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: NONE ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: book chapter
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  • 99
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: The plain of Gubbio is located in a northwest-southeast oriented, 4-km wide, 20-km long intermountain basin in the northern Apennines, central Italy. The moderate-magnitude earthquakes of the 1997 Umbria-Marche seismic sequence, occurred 40 km southeast of Gubbio, generated displacements as large as 6 cm within the basin. The large amplitude phase, not observed outside of the basin, was followed by low-frequency wave trains lasting up to 1 minute. In order to investigate the mechanism of possible local amplification effects, different kind of geophysical and geological investigation of the basin started within the framework of the Italian DPC-INGV projects. In particular, the GFZ and the INGV deployed two linear seismic arrays. The first one was composed of ten seismological stations with 1-s receivers. It operated from June until December 2005. The array was oriented north-south, approximately: all the stations but two were installed on the sedimentary deposits. The remaining two stations (the northernmost and the southernmost) were installed on rock outcrops at the edges of the basin. The second array, composed by 10 stations with 5-s receivers, was deployed along the main axis of the basin, and is recording since November 2005. For 45 days, the two arrays worked simultaneously. A selected dataset of 250 earthquakes has been analyzed. H/V spectral ratio results show that systematic low-frequency (0.3-0.4 Hz) amplification affects the stations in the middle of the basin. The resonance frequency peaks are consistent with the thickness and the average S-wave velocity of soft sediments derived from microtremor measurements in the basin. The conventional spectral ratio results show a more complex broad-band (0.3-10 Hz) amplification. The analysis of selected records by means of a sonogram approach highlights the arrival of strong late phases increasing the signal duration at the stations located in the middle of the basin.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Geneva, Switzerland
    Description: open
    Keywords: weak motion analysis ; linear arrays ; polarization ; response spectra ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.04. Ground motion ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 100
    Publication Date: 2020-10-26
    Description: Local earthquake data collected by seven national and regional seismic networks have been compiled into a travel time catalog of 32341 earthquakes for the period 1980 to 1995 in South-Central Europe. As a prerequisite, a complete and corrected station list (master station list) has been prepared according to updated information provided by every network. By simultaneous inversion of some 600 well-locatable events we obtained one-dimensional (1D) velocity propagation models for each network. Consequently, these velocity models with appropriate station corrections have been used to obtain high-quality hypocenter locations for events inside and among the station networks. For better control, merging of phase data from several networks was performed as an iterative process where at each iteration two data sets of neighbouring networks or groups of networks were merged. Particular care was taken to detect and correctly identify phase data from events common to data sets from two different networks. In case of reports of the same phase data from more than one network, the phase data from the network owning and servicing the station were used according to the master station list. The merging yielded a data set of 278007 P and 191074 S-wave travel time observations from 32341 events in the greater Alpine region. Restrictive selection (number of P-wave observations 〉7; gap 〈160 degrees) yielded a data set of about 10000 events with a total of more than 128000 P and 87000 S-wave observations well suited for local earthquake seismic tomography study. Preliminary tomographic results for South-Central Europe clearly show the topography of the crust-mantle boundary in the greater Alpine region and outline the 3D structure of the seismic Ivrea body.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic catalogue ; tomography ; Ivrea body ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.07. Tomography and anisotropy
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    Type: article
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