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  • Articles  (581)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (581)
  • Animals
  • 1935-1939  (581)
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  • Articles  (581)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spermic dimorphism in Goniobasis laqueata (Say) (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 1-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Two kinds of spermatozoa are formed in the testis of Goniobasis laqueata, typical (eupyrene) and atypical (apyrene); a similar dimorphism is noted in several other related genera. The development of each type of spermatozoon is described in Goniobasis. The apyrene spermatozoa do not appear in the testis until eupyrene spermatogenesis has progressed to the formation of mature eupyrene spermatozoa. After this time apyrene spermatogenesis becomes predominant. It is suggested that this condition is indicative of a modified protandric hermaphroditism, according to a recent theory of spermic dimorphism. The anatomy of the reproductive system of Goniobasis is described briefly, and the behavior and fate of the two types of spermatozoa are noted. Only the eupyrene spermatozoa are inclosed in a spermatophore formed in a special organ of the male, the apyrenes being somehow excluded. Thus the latter do not reach the female in copulation and can have no necessary functional relationship to the ova at the time of fertilization. The delayed formation of the apyrene spermatozoa, and other facts, indicate that they are probably not concerned with the nutrition or transport of the eupyrene spermatozoa.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570102
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The egg capsules of certain Neritidae (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 31-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The little capsules in which snails of this family deposit eggs are so durable as sometimes to be found adherent to museum specimens; hitherto, however, detailed descriptions of such capsules have been restricted to the capsules long known as made by Neritina fluviatilis in fresh waters of Europe. The present paper adds descriptions, with measurements and sketches, of Neritina reclivata from Florida, Neritina virginea, Neritina punctulata, Theodoxus mneleagris, Nerita peloronta, Nerita alticola, Nerita tesselata and Neritilia succinea from Jamaica, British West Indies.These capsules are found to be remarkable in that the digestive tract aids in their formation; that is, the capsules are made as secretions of the lower oviduct to which mineral particles are added, and these mineral particles are supplied from the intestine and stored up in a special sac opening into the oviduct. Moreover, the mineral particles are of twofold origin; in some Neritinas they come from the ooze taken in with the food and passed through the intestine; in some Neritas they come from the liver as calcospherites, to be passed through the intestine.It is hoped that the data given will aid future descriptions of capsules from other species till a firm foundation is built for utilization of these capsules as aids in taxonomy.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570103
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The primitive carpus (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 105-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There is as yet no proof that the prepollex and postminimus ever occurred as actual digits. Romer's discovery of previous confusion of the preaxial with the postaxial fin border of Sauripterus allows a more accurate interpretation of primitive conditions. The latter involved essential asymmetry. The carpal cartilages of the Sauripterus type offin must have split into transverse rows. When the radius and ulna had become of equal length there was redistribution of the most proximal carpals, thus displacing elements in the other rows. It seems that eventually the original first carpale assumed the position and function of a first metacarpal, while the original fifth metacarpale assumed the position and function of a fifth carpale.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The chitinous structures in the posterior abdominal segments of certain female termites (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 113-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The external genitalia of female termites are readily homologized with those of female roaches. Mastotermes and other representative termites from every family are compared and their phylogenetic relationships within the group are found to agree, with the exception of the Hodotermitidae, with those based on studies of other structures.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ‘The Linea masculina,’ a new secondary sex character in Salientia (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 131-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A hitherto unknown secondary sex character in male frogs consists of a series of connective tissue bands which extends the entire length of both layers of the Obliquus muscle, at both their dorsal and ventral borders. Extensions of the ventral bands may be carried inward toward the midline at certain of the inscriptiones tendinae. These bands are named the Lineae masculinae. They are clearly visible in specimens from which the skin has been removed, and are visible even through the skin in living specimens of certain species of Kaloula.Ninety-one genera and 553 species of the frogs and toads of the world were examined for the presence or absence of this structure. It is distinct in the common American and European ranids, such as Rana pipiens and Rana esculenta. It is entirely absent in many genera. When present it is found only in adult males, being absent in sexually immature males and females of all ages. Examination revealed no seasonal variations in males of Rana pipiens. This indicates that there is some correlation between the expression of this character and the sexual hormones. No function is assigned to the Linea masculina, although it is suggested that it may be associated in some way with voice production. A discussion of the taxonomic distribution of the character is included.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of the hyobranchial apparatus and throat musculature in the plethodontidae (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 213-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The hyobranchial apparatus and throat musculature of the plethodontid salamanders are examined. The interhyoideus is thought to be the homologue of the intermandibularis posterior and the posterior part of the intermandibularis anterior. The quadrato-pectoralis is found only in Desmognathus (Leurognathus?), and Aneides. Its presence in the former is a primitive condition; in the latter, secondary. The gularis had its phylogenetical origin as a slip from the quadrato-pectoralis. The lingual cartilage is found only in Gyrinophilus, Pseudotriton, Eurycea, and Manculus. It is the homologue of the [sehnenplatte] of Salamandra; not the otoglossal. The presence of the suprapeduncularis and the absence of the genioglossus is not peculiar to adult free tongued genera. The anatomical evidence allies Batrachoseps with Hydromantes and Oedipus. The latter two genera are derived from ancient Plethodon stock, not from Gyrinophilus stock. Stereochilus, Typhlotriton, and Typholomolge are the degenerate descendants from ancient Gyrinophilus stock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570112
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytological studies of the Chilomastix (protozoa, flagellata) of man and other mammals (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 429-459 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Accounts of binary fission for two species of Chilomastix by Bélar ('21) and Boeck and Tanable ('26) differ. Consequently, investigations were initiated to study the cytology and to determine the nature of binary filssion in Chilomastix mesnili of man, Chilomastix mesnili (?) of anthropoid apes and monkeys, and Chilomastix intestinalis of guinea pigs.The material used for the study included the following: four heavily infected human cases of Chilomastix mesnili, twenty-one infections of Chilomastix mesnili (?) from a survey of thirty-six anthropoid apes and monkeys at the Philadelphia Zoölogical Gardens, and Chilomastix intestinalis from six guinea pigs.The results of the investigations indicate that binary fission of the above three species of Chilomastix are similar in essential details. Encystment is described for the species from man and from anthropoid apes and monkeys. No evidence for mitosis within the cysts was obtained for C. mesnili of man. In C. mesnili (?) from primates other than man, the appearance of cyst nuclei resembling mitotic processes is explained as variations occurring in nuclei. Binucleate cysts are believed to be formed by the encystment of abnormal binucleate individuals which never had undergone plasmotomy after division of the nuclei.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570205
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Secondary sexual dimorphism in some Chinese cobitid fishes (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 275-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sexual dimorphism of Chinese cobitids consists of peculiar structures of the pectoral fins and of variations in the lengths of these as well as of the ventral fins. In all groups the paired fins are, as a rule, longer in the male sex, and the female has no lamina circularis, enlargement of pectoral rays or dilation of lateral muscles.In males of Cobitis and Misgurnus, the second rays of the pectorals are enlarged and possess at their base a bony plate (lamina circularis). In other Chinese genera the lamina circularis is absent. Males of the Misgurnus group are easily recognized by the dilation of the lateral muscles in the region of the dorsal fin. Males of Barbatula have several enlarged inner rays in the pectoral fin and numerous nuptial tubercles on the head, arranged in prepercular and preorbital groups. In the European, B. barbatula, however, tubercles on the head are wanting.In males of the Leptobotia and probably Botia groups, the first pectoral ray is enlarged, and the membrane between several of the inner rays is covered with nuptial tubercles.In general, in the Chinese cobitids the differences in sexual dimorphism are correlated with the differences between genera, i.e., each genus possesses a quite different sexual dimorphism; thus the secondary sexual characters can be used for taxonomic purposes.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570114
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The early development of the thyroid gland in Amia calvaContribution from the Zoölogical Laboratory, University of Illinois, no. 463. (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 533-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The thyroid primordium is a solid median outgrowth from the pharynx which is attached to the truncus arteriosus at its bifuracation. The thyroid is soon detached from the pharynx and migrates to its definitive position ventral to the aorta between the bases of the third visceral pouches. After detachment the primary follicle appears in the lower part of the primordium; during migration and early growth it is divided apparently by stress and pressure to form secondary follicles. Independent follicles are formed also by secretion of colloid between solid masses of thyroid cells. Other secondary follicles are formed by pinching off evaginations from large follicles. Colloid appears soon after the primary follicle is divided. The adult thyroid is a group of follicles scatterd in a venous plexus in the ventral pharyngeal region, around the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570209
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavior and morphological changes in the leech, Placobdella parasitica, during hypodermic insemination (1935)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 57 (1935), S. 617-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Three to 5 minutes after implantation of a spermatophore in Placobdella parasitica there is a pronounced granulation of the tissues in the immediate region of the capsule. During the following 20 minutes a path 81 to 120 μ across communicating with the sinuses of the body cavity is established. By a mechanical shrinkage of the distended spermatophore the spermatozoa are injected through this path into the coelomic sinuses. They are dispersed through the body by the haemolymph and possibly by muscular contractions of the recipient. Fifty to 75 hours after their introduction into the body some of them arrive in the ventral sinus. From here they penetrate the walls of the ovisacs and take up a position in the lumina in preparation for fertilization. Two to 30 hours after implantation a plug of cells composed of migrating cellular elements of the recipient's body and of cells introduced along with the spermatozoan bundles forms in the subhypodermal region of the sperm path. Twenty to 45 hours later the wound is entirely repaired. Hypodermal epithelium is replaced by a migration into the affected region of similar reserve cells. The parenchymatous tissue is restored by a differentiation and growth of some of the cellular elements making up the plug.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050570213
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