ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. This book examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.

Description / Table of Contents: Experimental Tests on a Dowel-Type Timber Connection and Validation of Numerical Models. Buildings 2017, 7(4), 116; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7040116 --- Multi-Directional Seismic Assessment of Historical Masonry Buildings by Means of Macro-Element Modelling: Application to a Building Damaged during the L’Aquila Earthquake (Italy). Buildings 2017, 7(4), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7040106 --- Nonlinear Modelling of Curved Masonry Structures after Seismic Retrofit through FRP Reinforcing. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030079 --- Assessment Method for Combined Structural and Energy Retrofitting in Masonry Buildings. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030071 --- Rocking and Kinematic Approaches for Rigid Block Analysis of Masonry Walls: State of the Art and Recent Developments. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 69; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030069 --- Effect of Material Variability and Mechanical Eccentricity on the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Buildings. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030066 --- Analysis of Cylindrical Granular Material Silos under Seismic Excitation. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 61; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030061 --- Seismic Reinforcement of a R.C. School Structure with Strength Irregularities throughout External Bracing Walls. Buildings 2017, 7(3), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7030058 --- The TVT Glass Pavilion: Theoretical Study on a Highly Transparent Building Made with Long-Spanned TVT Portals Braced with Hybrid Glass-Steel Panels. Buildings 2017, 7(2), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7020050 --- Strengthening Masonry Arches with Lime-Based Mortar Composite. Buildings 2017, 7(2), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings7020049

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: VLSI by Kim Ho Yeap and Humaira Nisar --- Chapter 2: Transistor Degradations in Very Large-Scale-Integrated CMOS Technologies by Chang Yeol Lee --- Chapter 3: Low Power Design Methodology by Vithyalakshmi Natarajan, Ashok Kumar Nagarajan, Nagarajan Pandian and Vinoth Gopi Savithri --- Chapter 4: High-purity Refractory Metals for Thin Film Metallization of VLSI by Vadim Glebovsky --- Chapter 5: Operational Amplifier Design in CMOS at Low-Voltage for Sensor Input Front-End Circuits in VLSI Devices by Muhaned Zaidi, Ian Grout and Abu Khari A’ain --- Chapter 6: Design of High-Order CMOS Analog Notch Filter with 0.18 μm CMOS Technology by Kittipong Tripetch

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: High-Performance Computing: Dos and Don’ts by Guillaume Houzeaux, Ricard Borrell, Yvan Fournier, Marta Garcia- Gasulla, Jens Henrik Göbbert, Elie Hachem, Vishal Mehta, Youssef Mesri, Herbert Owen and Mariano Vázquez --- Chapter 2: Multilevel Variable-Block Schur-Complement-Based Preconditioning for the Implicit Solution of the Reynolds- Averaged Navier-Stokes Equations Using Unstructured Grids by Bruno Carpentieri and Aldo Bonfiglioli --- Chapter 3: Free-Surface Flow Simulations with Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method using High-Performance Computing by Corrado Altomare, Giacomo Viccione, Bonaventura Tagliafierro, Vittorio Bovolin, José Manuel Domínguez and Alejandro Jacobo Cabrera Crespo --- Chapter 4: Highly Deforming Computational Meshes for CFD Analysis of Twin-Screw Positive Displacement Machines by Sham Rane, Ahmed Kovačević, Nikola Stošić and Ian Smith --- Chapter 5: Optimization Design by Coupling Computational Fluid Dynamics and Genetic Algorithm by Jong-Taek Oh and Nguyen Ba Chien --- Chapter 6: Applications of CFD for Process Safety by Luis G. Zárate, Sebastián Uribe and Mario E. Cordero --- Chapter 7: Adaptation to Climate Change at Local Scale: A CFD Study in Porto Urban Area by Vera Rodrigues, Sandra Rafael, Sandra Sorte, Sílvia Coelho, Hélder Relvas, Bruno Vicente, Joana Leitão, Myriam Lopes, Ana Isabel Miranda and Carlos Borrego --- Chapter 8: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Applied to a Glass Vaporization Chamber for Introduction of Micro- or Nano-Size Samples into Lab-Based ICPs and to a CFD-Derived (and Rapidly Prototyped Via 3D Printing) Smaller-Size Chamber for Portable Microplasmas by Hamid R. Badiei, Gordon Stubley, Ryan Fitzgerald, Melanie Saddler and Vassili Karanassios --- Chapter 9: Analysis of Biomass Waste Cofiring into Existing Coal-Fired Power Plant Using Computational Fluid Dynamics by Arif Darmawan, Dwika Budianto, Koji Tokimatsu and Muhammad Aziz --- Chapter 10: CFD Modelling of Coupled Multiphysics-Multiscale Engineering Cases by Mario E. Cordero, Sebastián Uribe, Luis G. Zárate, Reyna Natividad Rangel, Alejandro Regalado-Méndez and Ever Peralta Reyes --- Chapter 11: CFD Analysis of Turbulence Models to Achieve the Digester Mixing Process by Jorge Flores-Velazquez, Abraham Jesus Arzeta-Rios, Waldo Ojeda Bustamante and Teodoro Espinosa-Solares --- Chapter 12: CFD for the Design and Optimization of Slurry Bubble Column Reactors by Omar M. Basha and Badie I. Morsi --- Chapter 13: Two Different Formulations for Solving the Navier-Stokes Equations with Moderate and High Reynolds Numbers by Blanca Bermúdez, Alejandro Rangel-Huerta, Wuiyevaldo Fermín Guerrero-Sánchez and José David Alanís --- Chapter 14: Vibration Characteristics of Fluid-Filled Functionally Graded Cylindrical Material with Ring Supports by Muzamal Hussain, Aamir Shahzad, Muhammad Nawaz Naeem and Maogang He --- Chapter 15: CFD Simulations of Crude Oil Fouling on Heat Transfer Surfaces by Ramasamy Marappa Gounder and Sampath Emani --- Chapter 16: Surrogate Model Applied for Analysis of Uncertain Parameters in Turbulent Mixing Flows by Boštjan Končar, Andrej Prošek and Matjaž Leskovar

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introduction: What are blockchains and how are they relevant to governance in the contemporary global political economy? / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn --- Chapter 2: Moneys at the Margins – From Political Experiment to Cashless Societies / Moritz Hütten and Matthias Thiemann --- Chapter 3: The Internal and External Governance of Blockchain-Based Organisations: Evidence from Cryptocurrencies / Ying-Ying Hsieh, JP Vergne, and Sha Wang --- Chapter 4: The Mutual Constitution of Technology and Global Governance: Bitcoin, Blockchains, and the International Anti-Money Laundering Regime / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn and Marcel Goguen --- Chapter 5: Between Liberalization and Prohibition: Prudent Enthusiasm and the Governance of Bitcoin/Blockchain Technology / Kai Jia and Falin Zhang --- Chapter 6: Cryptocurrencies and Digital Payment Rails in Networked Global Governance: Perspectives on Inclusion and Innovation / Daivi Rodima-Taylor and William W. Grimes --- Chapter 7: Governing What Wasn’t Meant To Be Governed:　A Controversy-Based Approach to the Study of Bitcoin Governance / Francesca Musiani, Alexandre Mallard and Cécile Méadel --- Chapter 8: Experiments in Algorithmic Governance: A History and Ethnography of "The DAO," a Failed Decentralized Autonomous Organization / Quinn DuPont --- Chapter 9: Conclusion: Towards A Block Age or Blockages of Global Governance? / Malcolm Campbell-Verduyn

Description / Table of Contents: This book seeks to pose and explore a question that sheds light on the contested but largely cooperative nature of Arctic governance in the post-Cold War period: how does power matter – and how has it mattered – in shaping cross-border cooperation and diplomacy in the Arctic? Each chapter functions as a window through which power relations in the Arctic are explored. Issues include how representing the Arctic region matters for securing preferred outcomes, how circumpolar cooperation is marked by regional hierarchies and how Arctic governance has become a global social site in its own right, replete with disciplining norms for steering diplomatic behaviour. This book draws upon Russia’s role in the Arctic Council as an extended case study and examines how Arctic cross-border governance can be understood as a site of competition over the exercise of authority.

Description / Table of Contents: The present Special Issue intends to explore new directions in the field of acoustics and ultrasonics. The interest includes, but is not limited to, the use of acoustic technology for condition monitoring of materials and structures. (The basis of this issue comes from selected papers of the 6th International Conference on Emerging Technologies in Non-destructive Testing, ETNDT6 held in Brussels May 27-29th, 2015).

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional MHD Nanofluid Flow over a Stretching Sheet with Convective Boundary Conditions through a Porous Medium by Stanford Shateyi --- Chapter 2: Cattanneo-Christov Heat Flux Model Study for Water-Based CNT Suspended Nanofluid Past a Stretching Surface by Noreen Sher Akbar, C. M. Khalique and Zafar Hayat Khan --- Chapter 3: Thermophysical Properties of Metal Oxides Nanofluids by Zafar Said and Rahman Saidur --- Chapter 4: Measuring Nanofluid Thermal Diffusivity and Thermal Effusivity: The Reliability of the Photopyroelectric Technique by Monir Noroozi and Azmi Zakaria --- Chapter 5: Problems Faced While Simulating Nanofluids by Adil Loya --- Chapter 6: Enhancing Heat Transfer in Internal Combustion Engine by Applying Nanofluids by Wenzheng Cui, Zhaojie Shen, Jianguo Yang and Shaohua Wu --- Chapter 7: Heat Transfer of Ferrofluids by Seval Genc --- Chapter 8: Nanofluid with Colloidal Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and Its Applications in Electrical Engineering by Lucian Pîslaru-Dănescu, Gabriela Telipan, Floriana D. Stoian, Sorin Holotescu and Oana Maria Marinică --- Chapter 9: Magnetic Nanofluids: Mechanism of Heat Generation and Transport and Their Biomedical Application by Prem P. Vaishnava and Ronald J. Tackett --- Chapter 10: Energy Transfer in Mixed Convection MHD Flow of Nanofluid Containing Different Shapes of Nanoparticles in a Channel Filled with Saturated Porous Medium by Aaiza Gul, Ilyas Khan and Sharidan Shafie

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Singular Lagrangians and Its Corresponding Hamiltonian Structures by Alvaro Restuccia and Adrián Sotomayor --- Chapter 2: Lagrangian Subspaces of Manifolds by Yang Liu --- Chapter 3: Topology and Integrability in Lagrangian Mechanics by Leo T. Butler --- Chapter 4: Closure Models for Lagrangian Gas Dynamics and Elastoplasticity Equations in Multimaterial Cells by Yury Yanilkin --- Chapter 5: Mechanics of Electric Rope Shovel Performance and Reliability in Formation Excavation by Muhammad Azeem Raza and Samuel Frimpong --- Chapter 6: Lagrangian Model-Based Fault Diagnosis in a PVTOL by César Martínez Torres, Luis Humberto Rodríguez Alfaro, Efrain Alcorta Garcia, Gerardo Romero Galvan and David Lara --- Chapter 7: Fuzzy Logic and S-Lagrangian Dynamics of Living Systems: Theory of Homeostasis by Uziel Sandler and Lev Tsitolovsky

Description / Table of Contents: Governments play a major role in the development process, and constantly introduce reforms and policies to achieve developmental objectives. Many of these interventions have limited impact, however; schools get built but kids don’t learn, IT systems are introduced but not used, plans are written but not implemented. These achievement deficiencies reveal gaps in capabilities, and weaknesses in the process of building state capability. This book addresses these weaknesses and gaps. It starts by providing evidence of the capability shortfalls that currently exist in many countries, showing that many governments lack basic capacities even after decades of reforms and capacity-building efforts. The book then analyzes this evidence, identifying capability traps that hold many governments back—particularly related to isomorphic mimicry (where governments copy best practice solutions from other countries that make them look more capable even if they are not more capable) and premature load bearing (where governments adopt new mechanisms that they cannot actually make work, given weak extant capacities). The book then describes a process that governments can use to escape these capability traps. Called PDIA (problem-driven iterative adaptation), this process empowers people working in governments to find and fit solutions to the problems they face. The discussion about this process is structured in a practical manner so that readers can actually apply tools and ideas to the capability challenges they face in their own contexts. These applications will help readers devise policies and reforms that have more impact than those of the past. | Table of Contents Introduction: "The Long Voyage of Discovery" Part 1. The Problem: The Creation and Consolidation of Capability Traps 1: The Big Stuck in State Capability 2: Looking Like a State: The Seduction of Isomorphic Mimicry 3: Premature Load Bearing: Doing Too Much Too Soon 4: Capability for Policy Implementation 5: What Type of Organization Capability is Needed? Part 2. A Strategy for Action: Problem-Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) 6: The Challenge of Building (Real) State Capability for Implementation 7: Doing Problem-Driven Work 8: The Searchframe: Doing Experimental Iterations 9: Managing Your Authorizing Environment 10: Building State Capability at Scale Through Groups

Description / Table of Contents: This eBook is the third in a series of books on the critical earthquake response of elastic or elastic-plastic structures under near-fault or long-duration ground motions, and includes four original research papers which were published in the specialty section Earthquake Engineering in ‘Frontiers in Built Environment’. Several extensions of the first eBook and the second eBook are included here. The first article is on the earthquake resilience of residential houses after repeated ground motions with high intensity. The 2016 Kumamoto earthquake brought a significant impact on the earthquake resilience of residential houses under repeated ground motions with high intensity in a few days. The necessary strength upgrade withstanding two repeated high-intensity ground motions was found to be 1.5. The second article is concerned with the smart enhancement of earthquake resilience of building structures under both near-fault and long-duration ground motions. A hybrid system of base-isolation and building connection control was proposed and its earthquake resilience to near-fault and long-duration ground motions was evaluated by a double impulse and a multiple impulse. It was demonstrated that the base-isolation is effective for near-fault ground motions and the building connection system using passive dampers is effective for long-duration ground motions. The third article is related to the robustness evaluation of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings under resonant near-fault ground motions. The robustness function was introduced to evaluate quantitatively the robustness of elastic-plastic base-isolated high-rise buildings. The fourth article is an extension of the previously proposed energy balance approach to a bilinear elastic-plastic single-degree-of-freedom system under a long-duration sinusoidal ground motion. A historical difficulty in nonlinear vibration posed by Caughey (1960) and Iwan (1961) has been overcome in a smart manner after half a century. The approach presented in this eBook, together with the previous eBooks, is an epoch-making accomplishment to open the door for simpler and deeper understanding of structural reliability and resilience of built environments in the elastic-plastic and nonlinear range.

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: General Aspects of the Cobalt Chemistry by Yasemin Yildiz --- Chapter 2: Synthesis, Processing, and Characterization of the Cobalt Alloys with Silicon Addition by Petrica Vizureanu, Mirabela Georgiana Minciuna, Gianina Iovan and Simona Stoleriu --- Chapter 3: Synthesis of Cobalt-Based Nanomaterials from Organic Precursors by Maria Smyrnioti and Theophilos Ioannides --- Chapter 4: Hydrothermally Produced Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures at Different Temperatures and Effect on Phase Transition Temperature and Threshold Voltage of Nematic Liquid Crystal Host by Hasan Eskalen, Süleyman Kerli and Şükrü Özgan --- Chapter 5: Substitution and Redox Properties of Some Organoisocyanide Cobalt(II) Complexes by Olayinka A. Oyetunji, Godiraone Tatolo, Banyaladzi D. Paphane and Clifford A. L. Becker --- Chapter 6: Effect of Cobalt on Morphology of Microhole Formed by Micropunching by Kelvii Wei Guo and Hon Yuen Tam --- Chapter 7: A Review of the Radionuclide, Cobalt-60, as a Fine-Sediment Tracer by Philip Greenwood

Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Sustainable Solid Waste Recycling by Ahmad K. Jassim --- Chapter 2: Sustainable Power Technology: A Viable Sustainable Energy Solution by Kikelomo Ijagbemi --- Chapter 3: Sustainable Maintenance Practices and Skills for Competitive Production System by Adeyeri Michael Kanisuru --- Chapter 4: Interventions to Skills Development in the Automotive Manufacturing Sector of South Africa by Opeyeolu Timothy Laseinde and Grace Mukondeleli Kanakana --- Chapter 5: Designing and Developing New VET Curricula to Address Skills Gaps in the Aeronautics Industry by Rosa Maria Arnaldo Valdés, Victor Fernando Gómez Comendador and Alvaro Rodriguez Sanz

Description / Table of Contents: Nishimura, T. Rust Formation Mechanism on Low Alloy Steels after Exposure Test in High Cl− and High SOx Environmen. Materials 2017, 10(2), 199; doi:10.3390/ma10020199. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/2/199 --- Chang, T.; Odnevall Wallinder, I.; de la Fuente, D.; Chico, B.; Morcillo, M.; Welter, J.; Leygraf, C. Analysis of Historic Copper Patinas. Influence of Inclusions on Patina Uniformity. Materials 2017, 10(3), 298; doi:10.3390/ma10030298. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/3/298 --- Na, O.; Cai, X.; Xi, Y. Corrosion Prediction with Parallel Finite Element Modeling for Coupled Hygro-Chemo Transport into Concrete under Chloride-Rich Environment. Materials 2017, 10(4), 350; doi:10.3390/ma10040350. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/4/350 --- Kreislova, K.; Knotkova, D. The Results of 45 Years of Atmospheric Corrosion Study in the Czech Republic. Materials 2017, 10(4), 394; doi:10.3390/ma10040394. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/4/394 --- Alcántara, J.; Fuente, D.; Chico, B.; Simancas, J.; Díaz, I.; Morcillo, M. Marine Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel: A Review. Materials 2017, 10(4), 406; doi:10.3390/ma10040406. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/4/406 --- Hosseinpour, S.; Johnson, M. Vibrational Spectroscopy in Studies of Atmospheric Corrosion. Materials 2017, 10(4), 413; doi:10.3390/ma10040413. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/4/413 --- Panchenko, Y.; Marshakov, A. Prediction of First-Year Corrosion Losses of Carbon Steel and Zinc in Continental Regions. Materials 2017, 10(4), 422; doi:10.3390/ma10040422. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/4/422 --- Chico, B.; de la Fuente, D.; Díaz, I.; Simancas, J.; Morcillo, M. Annual Atmospheric Corrosion of Carbon Steel Worldwide. An Integration of ISOCORRAG, ICP/UNECE and MICAT Databases. Materials 2017, 10(6), 601; doi:10.3390/ma10060601. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/6/601 --- Bouchar, M.; Dillmann, P.; Neff, D. New Insights in the Long-Term Atmospheric Corrosion Mechanisms of Low Alloy Steel Reinforcements of Cultural Heritage Buildings. Materials 2017, 10(6), 670; doi:10.3390/ma10060670. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/6/670 --- Tidblad, J.; Kreislová, K.; Faller, M.; de la Fuente, D.; Yates, T.; Verney-Carron, A.; Grøntoft, T.; Gordon, A.; Hans, U. ICP Materials Trends in Corrosion, Soiling and Air Pollution (1987–2014). Materials 2017, 10(8), 969; doi:10.3390/ma10080969. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/8/969 --- Cole, I. Recent Progress and Required Developments in Atmospheric Corrosion of Galvanised Steel and Zinc. Materials 2017, 10(11), 1288; doi:10.3390/ma10111288. http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/10/11/1288

Description / Table of Contents: Human society is full of would-be ‘change agents’, a restless mix of campaigners, lobbyists, and officials, both individuals and organizations, set on transforming the world. They want to improve public services, reform laws and regulations, guarantee human rights, get a fairer deal for those on the sharp end, achieve greater recognition for any number of issues, or simply be treated with respect. Striking then, that not many universities have a Department of Change Studies, to which social activists can turn for advice and inspiration. Instead, scholarly discussions of change are fragmented with few conversations crossing disciplinary boundaries, rarely making it onto the radars of those actively seeking change. This book aims to bridge the gap between academia and practice, bringing together the best research from a range of academic disciplines and the evolving practical understanding of activists to explore the topic of social and political change. Drawing on many first-hand examples from the global experience of Oxfam, one of the world’s largest social justice NGOs, as well as insights gleaned from studying and working on international development, it tests ideas and offers the latest thinking on what works to achieve progressive change. Table of Contents Foreword, Ha-Joon Chang Introduction Part 1. A Power and Systems Approach 1: Systems Thinking Changes Everything 2: Power Lies at the Heart of Change 3: Shifts in Social Norms often Underpin Change Case Study: The Chiquitanos of Bolivia Part 2. Institutions and the Importance of History Introduction to Section 2 4: How States Evolve 5: The Machinery of Law 6: Accountability, Political Parties,and the Media 7: How the International System Shapes Change 8: Transnational Corporations as Drivers and Targets of Change Case Study: The December 2015 Paris Agreement on Climate Change Part 3. Activists Introduction to Section 3 9: Citizen Activism and Civil Society 10: Leaders and leadership 11: The Power of Advocacy 12: A Power and Systems Approach to Making Change Happen In Conclusion

Description / Table of Contents: Increasing innovations and applications make microfluidics a versatile choice for researchers in many disciplines. This book consists of multiple review chapters that aim to cover recent advances and new applications of microfluidics in biology, electronics, energy, and materials sciences. It provides comprehensive views of various aspects of microfluidics ranging from fundamentals of fabrication, flow control, and droplet manipulation to the most recent exploration in emerging areas such as material synthesis, imaging and novel spectroscopy, and marriage with electronics. The chapters have many illustrations showcasing exciting results. This book should be useful for those who are eager to learn more about microfluidics as well as researchers who want to pick up new concepts and developments in this fast-growing field.

Description / Table of Contents: The CleanEra project was initiated with the goal of developing revolutionary ideas for civil aviation. These ideas were to offer solutions which would limit and reduce some of the negative aspects of aviation, namely: emissions and the use of resources. This book presents you with the highlights of this journey in search of new technologies for a revolutionary aircraft; an aircraft that not only offers a future of comfortable air travel for the passenger, but a future of sustainable aviation for the planet as well.

Description / Table of Contents: As we move from the era of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) it is important to consider how development agendas are set, the progress that has been made over the past 15 years, and how current debates are shaping global development efforts for the next 15. This book was, produced as part of a University College London-London International Development Centre research collaboration entitled, "Thinking Beyond Sectors for Sustainable Development". The aim of the book is to provide a concise introduction to the debates in a number of vital development sectors, review progress made in each sector, and to consider how looking beyond sectors might open new opportunities for inclusive, sustainable development. Each chapter in this book was produced collaboratively by academics from a wide number of disciplines. As such, it represents a truly interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral effort, of the kind that will be necessary for successful development and implementation of future international development goals.

Description / Table of Contents: The propulsion system behaviour is a key aspect for the overall dynamics of a ship. However, despite its great importance, numerical methodologies for detailed investigations on marine propulsion dynamics are not yet widely covered in scientific literature. This book presents the main steps for the development of a multi-physic simulation platform, able to represent the motions of a twin screw ship in six degrees of freedom, taking into account the whole propulsion system and automation effects. A number of mathematical sub-models had been developed and calibrated by a set of experimental tests, in model and full scale. Finally, the sea trials campaign of a ship is used to validate and tune the developed simulator. The proposed simulation methodology can be used in the ship preliminary design phase, in order to plan and test the propulsion system and automation. Further applications can include the design optimization and crew training.

Description / Table of Contents: Having emerged from the end of the Cold War as a unified country, Germany has quickly become the second largest exporter in the world. Its economic might has made it the center of the Eurozone and the pivotal power of Europe. Like other geo-economic powers, Germany's foreign policy is characterized by a definition of the national interest in economic terms and the elevation of economic interests over non-economic values such as human rights or democracy promotion. This strategic paradigm is evident in German's relationship with China, the Gulf States and Europe, but it is most important in regard to its evolving policies towards Russia. In this book, Stephen F. Szabo provides a description and analysis of German policy towards Russia, revealing how unified Germany is finding its global role in which its interests do not always coincide with the United States or its European partners. He explores the role of German business and finance in the shaping of foreign policy and investigates how Germany's Russia policy effects its broader foreign policy in the region and at how it is perceived by key outside players such as the United States, Poland and the EU. With reference to public, opinion, the media and think tanks Szabo reveals how Germans perceive Russians, and he uncovers the ways in which its dealings with Russia affect Germany in terms of the importing of corruption and crime. Drawing on interviews with key opinion-shapers, business and financial players and policy makers and on a wide variety of public opinion surveys, media reports and archival sources, his will be a key resource for all those wishing to understand the new geo-economic balance of Europe.

Description / Table of Contents: The world is witnessing the paradox of simultaneous increase in income and insecurity. According to available data, global average per capita income has increased in recent decades, while at the same time actual and perceived insecurity has also increased. This paradox is true for both developed and developing countries. However, the concrete form and causes of insecurity differs across these two groups of countries. To the extent that income levels in many developing countries are very low, economic insecurity in these countries takes a starker and chronic form. In Financing for Overcoming Economic Insecurity, leading experts examine the causes and consequences of rising economic insecurity and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome insecurity. The volume contains papers addressing issues of economic insecurity pertaining to both developed and developing countries and caused by both economic factors and natural hazards. It also discusses the issues at both macro and micro levels. The volume’s focus on policy measures, such as redistribution and reinvestment of profit income in developed countries and imposition of capital control and promotion of micro insurance in developing countries, should be of much help to policymakers as well as researchers.

Description / Table of Contents: Prior to May 2015, the oil-rich jurisdiction of Alberta had, for over four decades, been a one-party state. During that time, the rule of the Progressive Conservatives essentially went unchallenged, with critiques of government policy falling on deaf ears and Alberta ranking behind other provinces in voter turnout. Given the province’s economic reliance on oil revenues, a symbiotic relationship also developed between government and the oil industry. Cross-national studies have detected a correlation between oil-dependent economies and authoritarian rule, a pattern particularly evident in Africa and the Middle East. Alberta Oil and the Decline of Democracy in Canada sets out to test the “oil inhibits democracy” hypothesis in the context of an industrialized nation in the Global North.In probing the impact of Alberta’s powerful oil lobby on the health of democracy in the province, contributors to the volume engage with an ongoing discussion of the erosion of political liberalism in the West. In addition to examining energy policy and issues of government accountability in Alberta, they explore the ramifications of oil dependence in areas such as Aboriginal rights, environmental policy, labour law, women’s equity, urban social policy, and the arts. If, as they argue, reliance on oil has weakened democratic structures in Alberta, then what of Canada as whole, where the short-term priorities of the oil industry continue to shape federal policy? In Alberta, the New Democratic Party is in a position to reverse the democratic deficit that is presently fuelling political and economic inequality. The findings in this book suggest that, to revitalize democracy, provincial and federal leaders alike must find the courage to curb the influence of the oil industry on governance.

Description / Table of Contents: The book "Globalization and Responsibility" consists of 8 chapters. The chapters in the book offer a decentered and dynamic terminology. They show that globalization consists of not only an objective process, but also of a lot of statements that define, describe and analyze the different experiences of the process. The chapters are written by authors and researchers from different academic disciplines, cultures and social contexts, therefore different experiences and scientific analyses on the consequences of globalization have been unified, starting from the multicultural and social epistemology to ethics of responsibility. Each chapter can be read separately, but in a complex, interconnected global universe of intertextuality of our world.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Region - mit den markanten Erhebungen des Hohen Meißners und des Thüringer Waldes - stellt geologisch und bergbaugeschichtlich einen Teil der deutschen Mittelgebirge dar, der Fachleute sowie Amateure und Naturfreunde gleichermaßen fasziniert. Die vorliegende Bibliographie versucht erstmals länderübergreifend die umfangreiche Fachliteratur der Dreiländer-Region zu erschließen. Dabei wurden sowohl fachwissenschaftliche als auch heimatkundliche Publikationen und unveröffentlichtes Material berücksichtigt.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Region - mit den markanten Erhebungen des Hohen Meißners und des Thüringer Waldes - stellt geologisch und bergbaugeschichtlich einen Teil der deutschen Mittelgebirge dar, der Fachleute sowie Amateure und Naturfreunde gleichermaßen fasziniert. Die vorliegende Bibliographie versucht erstmals länderübergreifend die umfangreiche Fachliteratur der Dreiländer-Region zu erschließen. Dabei wurden sowohl fachwissenschaftliche als auch heimatkundliche Publikationen und unveröffentlichtes Material berücksichtigt.

Description / Table of Contents: Die Region - mit den markanten Erhebungen des Hohen Meißners und des Thüringer Waldes - stellt geologisch und bergbaugeschichtlich einen Teil der deutschen Mittelgebirge dar, der Fachleute sowie Amateure und Naturfreunde gleichermaßen fasziniert. Die vorliegende Bibliographie versucht erstmals länderübergreifend die umfangreiche Fachliteratur der Dreiländer-Region zu erschließen. Dabei wurden sowohl fachwissenschaftliche als auch heimatkundliche Publikationen und unveröffentlichtes Material berücksichtigt.

Description / Table of Contents: INTRODUCTION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 3-22 --- 1.1 The Nature of Shock Waves, pp. 3-5 --- 1.2 Compaction of Powders and Shock Activation, pp. 6-9 --- 1.3 First-Order Phase Transitions and Chemical Reactions, pp. 10-12 --- 1.4 Time Scales and Interactions of Basic Mechanisms, p. 12 --- 1.4.1 Shock propagation in a particle assemblage, p. 12 --- 1.4.2 Energy localization, pp. 12-13 --- 1.4.3 Thermal relaxation of hot spots, p. 14 --- 1.4.4 Mass diffusion in solids, p. 14 --- 1.4.5 Kinetic constants, pp. 14-16 --- 1.5 Some Roles of Shock Compression Techniques in Material Sciences Study, p. 16 --- 1.5.1 Shock compression technique as a tool of high pressure production, p. 16 --- 1.5.2 Appearance of diamond anvil-type high-pressure apparatus, pp. 16-18 --- 1.5.3 New roles of shock compression technology as a unique method of very high temperature production, pp. 18-19 --- 1.5.4 Development of conventional hypervelocity impact techniques for precise measurement of materials under shock compression, pp. 19-21 --- FUNDAMENTALS OF SHOCK WAVE PROPAGATION --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 23-78 --- 2.1 Hydrodynamic Jump Conditions and the Hugoniot Curve, pp. 23-32 --- 2.2 Shock Transition in Hydrodynamic Solids, pp. 32-42 --- 2.3 Non-Hydrostatic Deformation of Solids, p. 42 --- 2.3.1 Elastic-ideally-plastic solids, pp. 42-53 --- 2.3.2 Experimental observations of elastic-plastic behavior, pp. 53-56 --- 2.4 Wave-body interactions, pp. 56-57 --- 2.4.1 Preliminaries, pp. 57-60 --- 2.4.2 Planar impact of similar and dissimilar bodies, pp. 60-61 --- 2.4.3 Shock wave interaction with material boundaries, pp. 61-64 --- 2.4.4 Wave-wave interactions, pp. 65-66 --- 2.4.5 Detonation wave and interaction with a solid surface, pp. 66-77 --- SHOCK COMPRESSION TECHNOLOGY --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 79-115 --- 3.1 Gun Techniques, p. 80 --- 3.1.1 Single stage gun, p. 80 --- 3.1.2 Conventional two stage light gas gun, pp. 80-83 --- 3.1.3 Velocity measurement of projectile, p. 83 --- 3.1.4 Magnetoflyer method, pp. 83-84 --- 3.1.5 CW x-ray velocity meter, pp. 84-86 --- 3.1.6 Measurement of interior projectile motion, pp. 86-87 --- 3.1.7 Recovery experiments, pp. 87-89 --- 3.2 Explosive Techniques, p. 89 --- 3.2.1 Plane shock wave generation and recovery fixture, pp. 89-91 --- 3.2.2 Numerical simulaation of shock compression in the recovery capsule, pp. 91-94 --- 3.2.3 Cylindrical recovery fixture, pp. 94-95 --- 3.3 In-situ Measurements, p. 95 --- 3.3.1 Manganin pressure gauge, pp. 95-98 --- 3.3.2 Particle velocity gauge, pp. 99-100 --- 3.3.3 Observations of multiple shock reverberations by using a manganin pressure gauge and particle velocity gauge, pp. 100-106 --- 3.3.4 Shock temperature measurement, pp. 106-111 --- 3.3.5 Copper-Constantan thermocouple as a temperature and pressure gauge, pp. 111-113 --- THERMOMECHANICS OF POWDER COMPACTION AND MASS MIXING --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 117-170 --- 4.1 A One Dimensional Particulate Model, pp. 117-123 --- 4.2 Continuum Models, p. 123 --- 4.2.1 Hydrodynamic models, pp. 124-141 --- 4.2.2 Continuum plasticity theory, pp. 141-148 --- 4.2.3 Application, pp. 148-154 --- 4.3 Particle Bonding and Heterogeneous Processes, pp. 154-160 --- 4.4 Mass Mixing, pp. 160-169 --- THERMOCHEMISTRY OF HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 171-225 --- 5.1 Thermodynamic Functions of Heterogeneous Mixtures, pp. 172-187 --- 5.2 Analytical Equations of State, pp. 187-191 --- 5.3 Hugoniots of Inert Mixtures, p. 191 --- 5.3.1 Thermodynamically equilibrium models, pp. 191-197 --- 5.3.2 Mechanical models, pp. 197-199 --- 5.4 First-Order Phase Transitions, pp. 199-206 --- 5.5 Chemical Equilibria, pp. 206-212 --- 5.6 Reaction Kinetics, p. 212 --- 5.6.1 Rate equations, pp. 212-214 --- 5.6.2 Nucleation, pp. 214-216 --- 5.6.3 Growth, pp. 216-217 --- 5.6.4 Pressure effects, pp. 217-218 --- 5.7 Shock-Induced Reactions in Powder Mixtures, pp. 218-224 --- HYDRODYNAMICAL CALCULATIONS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 227-276 --- 6.1 Conservation Equations of Continuum Flow, pp. 227-228 --- 6.1.1 Mass conservation, pp. 228-230 --- 6.1.2 Conservation of linear momentum, pp. 230-231 --- 6.1.3 Enegy conservation, pp. 231-234 --- 6.2 Constitutive Modeling of Inorganic Shock Chemistry, pp. 234-235 --- 6.2.1 VIR model, pp. 235-239 --- 6.2.2 Pore collapse, p. 239 --- 6.2.3 Chemical kinetics, pp. 239-240 --- 6.2.4 Computational constitutive reactions, pp. 240-245 --- 6.3 Applications of the VIR Model, p. 245 --- 6.3.1 Shock wave profiles in Ni/Al powder mixtures, pp. 245-250 --- 6.3.2 Compaction of diamond with Si and graphite, pp. 250-257 --- 6.4 Continuum Mixture Theory and the VIR Model, p. 257 --- 6.4.1 Continuum mixture theory, pp. 257-263 --- 6.4.2 Derivation of the VIR model using the CMT, pp. 263-269 --- 6.4.3 A model of heterogeneous flow, pp. 269-275 --- SHOCK CONDITIONING AND PROCESSING OF CERAMICS --- Shock Compression Chemistry of materials, Y. Horie and A. B. Sawaoka, pp. 277-360 --- 7.1 Shock Conditioning of Powder of Inorganic Materials, p. 227 --- 7.1.1 Brief review of shock conditioning studies, p. 227 --- 7.1.2 Aluminum oxide powder, pp. 277-281 --- 7.2 Shock Synthesis of Inorganic Materials, p. 281 --- 7.2.1 Shock synthesis studies, p. 281 --- 7.2.2 High dense forms of carbon, pp. 281-285 --- 7.2.3 High dense forms of boron nitride, pp. 285-287 --- 7.2.4 Shock treatment of boron nitride powders, pp. 287-301 --- 7.3 Shock Consolidation of Ceramic Powders, p. 301 --- 7.3.1 Why non-oxide ceramics?, pp. 301-302 --- 7.3.2 Dynamic consolidation of SiC powders, pp. 302-304 --- 7.3.3 Approach to the fabrication of crack free compacts, pp. 304-305 --- 7.3.4 Shock consolidation of SiC powder utilizing post shock heating by exothermic reaction, pp. 305-310 --- 7.4 Dynamic Compaction of Zinc Blende Type Boron Nitride and Diamond Powders, p. 310 --- 7.4.1 Background, pp. 310-311 --- 7.4.2 Cubic boron nitride, pp. 311-318 --- 7.4.3 Diamond, pp. 318-326 --- 7.4.4 Diamond composites obtained by utilizzing exothermic chemical reaction, pp. 326-332 --- 7.5 Very High Pressure Sintering of Shock Treated Powders, pp. 332-334 --- 7.5.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 334-336 --- 7.5.2 w-BN, pp. 336-346 --- 7.6 Rapid Condensation of High Temperature Ultrasupersaturated Gas, p. 346 --- 7.6.1 Silicon nitride, pp. 346-352 --- 7.6.2 Carbon, pp. 352-357

Description / Table of Contents: SHOCK COMPRESSION OF MATERIALS AND NEW MATERIALS SYNTHESIS / Akira B. Sawaoka / pp. 1-6 --- EXPLOSIVE TECHNIQUE FOR GENERATION OF HIGH DYNAMIC PRESSURE / Shuzo Fujiwara / pp. 7-21 --- TWO-STAGE LIGHT GAS GUN AS A HIGH PRESSURE TOOL FOR MATERIALS SCIENCE STUDY / Akira B. Sawaoka / pp. 23-31 --- A LAUNCH OF A PROJECTILE BY A TWO-STAGE LIGHT GAS GUN AND ITS OPTICAL OBSERVATION / Kunio Soga and Masao Shirouzu / pp. 33-47 --- RAIL GUN DEVELOPNENT AT TOKYO INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY / Shu Usuba, ken-ichi Kondo and Akira B. Sawaoka / pp. 49-66 --- POWER SOURCES AND DIAGNOSTIC SYSTEM FOR RAILGUN / Yozo Kakudate, Shu Usuba, Masatake Yoshida, Katutoshi Aoki, Katsumi Tanaka, and Shyuzo Fujiwara / pp. 67-85 --- DIAMOND AND CUBIC BORON NITRIDE SYNTHESIS BY MEANS OF SHOCK-CONPRESSION / Nobuo Setaka and Tadao Sato / pp. 87-102 --- CHEMICAL EFFECTS OF SHOCK WAVES IN SOLIDS / Yasuhiko Syono / pp. 103-122