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  • Books  (106)
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  • Biology  (5,754,551)
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  • Books  (106)
  • Journals  (5,027)
  • Articles  (5,754,445)
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  • 1
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    Biodiversity in Ecosystems : Linking Structure and Function (2015)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: agricultural and biological sciences ; biodiversity ; ecosystems ; ecology
    Description / Table of Contents: The term biodiversity has become a mainstream concept that can be found in any newspaper at any given time. Concerns on biodiversity protection are usually linked to species protection and extinction risks for iconic species, such as whales, pandas and so on. However, conserving biodiversity has much deeper implications than preserving a few (although important) species. Biodiversity in ecosystems is tightly linked to ecosystem functions such as biomass production, organic matter decomposition, ecosystem resilience, and others. Many of these ecological processes are also directly implied in services that the humankind obtains from ecosystems. The first part of this book will introduce different concepts and theories important to understand the links between ecosystem function and ecosystem biodiversity. The second part of the book provides a wide range of different studies showcasing the evidence and practical implications of such relationships.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (658 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535120285
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/biodiversity-in-ecosystems-linking-structure-and-function
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Hydrothermal Microbial Ecosystems (2015)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: hydrothermal vents ; extremophiles ; marine sediments ; Guaymas basin ; microbial biogeography ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Hydrothermally influenced microbial habitats and communities represent a much wider spectrum of geological setting, chemical in-situ regimes, and biotic community than the classical examples from basalt-hosted black smoker chimneys at active mid-ocean spreading centers. Hydrothermal vent ecosystems now include hydrothermally heated and chemically altered sediments, microbiota fueled by serpentinization reactions, and low-temperature vents with unusual menus of electron donors. Novel marine provinces and hydrothermal areas are being charted and explored, such as new hydrothermal vent systems in the Arctic, around Antarctica, in the Western Pacific and in the Indian Ocean. Novel environmental gradients and niches provide habitats for unusual or unprecedented microorganisms and microbial ecosystems. The discovery of novel extremophiles such as Aciduliprofundum and the Nanoarchaeota underscores that hydrothermal vent microbial communities can no longer be characterized as assemblages of only “typical” sulfur oxidizers, methanogens and heterotrophs. Different stages of hydrothermal activity, from early onset to peak activity, gradual decline, and persistence of cold and fossil vent sites, correspond to different colonization waves by microorganisms as well as megafauna. This research topic will continue to stretch the limits of hydrothermal vent microbiology, and also provide a forum for the chemical and microbial linkages of hydrothermal vents to the ocean water column and the ocean crust or sedimentary subsurface.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (286 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889196821
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-682-1
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Ecophysiology of Root Systems-Environment Interactions (2014)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: botany ; earthworms ; ectomycorrhiza ; drought ; heavy metal ; Infertile soils ; neighbour perception ; plasticity ; root systems ; root traits ; rhizobacteria ; rhizosphere ; deep roots
    Description / Table of Contents: Plant sciences research focuses predominantly on aboveground parameters. There is a scarcity of detailed information regarding the ecophysiology of root systems and the way root system functioning is affected by both internal and external factors. Furthermore, global climate change is expected to increase the intensity of climate extremes, such as severe drought, heat waves and periods of heavy rainfall; in addition other stresses such as salinization of soils are increasing world-wide. Recently an increasing awareness has developed that understanding plant traits will play a major role in breeding of future crop plants. For example, there is increasing evidence that the traits of root systems are defined by the properties of individual roots. However, further knowledge on the functional importance of root segments and the molecular/physiological mechanisms underlying root system functioning and persistence is needed, and would specifically allow modifying (crop) root system functionality and efficiency in the future. Another major gap in knowledge is localized at the root-soil interface and in regard to the potential adaptive plasticity of root-rhizosphere interactions under abiotic stress and/or competition. It is currently unknown whether adaptations in microbe communities occur, for example due to modified exudation rates, and what are the subsequent influences on nutrient mobilization and uptake. Furthermore, uncovering the mechanisms by which roots perceive neighboring roots may not only contribute to our understanding of plant developmental strategies, but also has important implications on the study of competitive interactions in natural communities, and in optimizing plant performance and resource use in agricultural and silvicultural systems. In this research topic, we aim to provide an on-line, open-access snapshot of the current state of the art of the field of root ecology and physiology, with special foci on the translation of root structure to function, and how root systems are influenced by interplay with internal and external factors such as abiotic stress, microbes and plant-plant interaction. We warmly welcome original research papers, but reviews of specific topics, articles formulating opinions or describing cutting-edge methods are also gladly accepted.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (316 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889192854
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-285-4
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    The Microbial Regulation of Global Biogeochemical Cycles (2014)
    Lausanne : Frontiers
    Details
    Keywords: microbial ecology ; biogeochemistry ; stoichiometry ; Climate Change ; soil microbiology ; elemental fluxes ; Respiration ; aquatic microbiology ; microbiology
    Description / Table of Contents: Global biogeochemical cycles of carbon and nutrients are increasingly affected by human activities. So far, modeling has been central for our understanding of how this will affect ecosystem functioning and the biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. These models have been forced to adopt a reductive approach built on the flow of carbon and nutrients between pools that are difficult or even impossible to verify with empirical evidence. Furthermore, while some of these models include the response in physiology, ecology and biogeography of primary producers to environmental change, the microbial part of the ecosystem is generally poorly represented or lacking altogether. The principal pool of carbon and nutrients in soil is the organic matter. The turnover of this reservoir is governed by microorganisms that act as catalytic converters of environmental conditions into biogeochemical cycling of carbon and nutrients. The dependency of this conversion activity on individual environmental conditions such as pH, moisture and temperature has been frequently studied. On the contrary, only rarely have the microorganisms involved in carrying out the processes been identified, and one of the biggest challenges for advancing our understanding of biogeochemical processes is to identify the microorganisms carrying out a specific set of metabolic processes and how they partition their carbon and nutrient use. We also need to identify the factors governing these activities and if they result in feedback mechanisms that alter the growth, activity and interaction between primary producers and microorganisms. By determining how different groups of microorganisms respond to individual environmental conditions by allocating carbon and nutrients to production of biomass, CO2 and other products, a mechanistic as well as quantitative understanding of formation and decomposition of organic matter, and the production and consumption of greenhouse gases, can be achieved. In this Research Topic, supported by the Swedish research councils' programme "Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in a Changing Landscape" (BECC), we intend to promote this alternative framework to address how cycling of carbon and nutrients will be altered in a changing environment from the first-principle mechanisms that drive them – namely the ecology, physiology and biogeography of microorganisms – and on up to emerging global biogeochemical patterns. This novel and unconventional approach has the potential to generate fresh insights that can open up new horizons and stimulate rapid conceptual development in our basic understanding of the regulating factors for global biogeochemical cycles. The vision for the research topic is to facilitate such progress by bringing together leading scientists as proponents of several disciplines. By bridging Microbial Ecology and Biogeochemistry, connecting microbial activities at the micro-scale to carbon fluxes at the ecosystem-scale, and linking above- and belowground ecosystem functioning, we can leap forward from the current understanding of the global biogeochemical cycles.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (242 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9782889192977
    URL: https://doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88919-297-7
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Marine Anthropogenic Litter (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Aquatic ecology ; Life Sciences ; Freshwater & Marine Ecology
    Description / Table of Contents: Foreword --- Preface --- Part 1 A brief history of marine litter research --- Part 2 Abiotic aspects of marine litter pollution --- Global distribution, composition and abundance of marine litter --- Persistence of plastic litter in the oceans --- Part 3 Biological implications of marine litter --- Deleterious effects of litter on marine life --- The complex mixture, fate and toxicity of chemicals associated with plastic debris in the marine environment --- Marine litter as habitat and dispersal vector --- Part 4 Micro plastics --- Micro plastics in the marine environment: sources, consequences and solutions --- Methodology used for the detection and identification of micro plastics – a critical appraisal --- Sources and pathways of micro plastics to habitats --- Micro plastics in the marine environment: distribution, interactions and effects --- Modeling the role of micro plastics in bioaccumulation of organic chemicals to marine aquatic organisms. A critical review --- Nano plastics in the aquatic environment. Critical review --- Part 5 Socio-economic implications of marine anthropogenic litter --- Micro and nano-plastics and human health --- The economics of marine litter --- Regulation and management of marine litter --- Marine litter and the contribution of citizen science
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVIII, 447 pages) , 68 illustrations, 35 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319165103
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-16510-3
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Plant Ecology : Traditional Approaches to Recent Trends (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: biogeography
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: Plant Ecology by Zubaida Yousaf and Habiba Ramazan --- Chapter 2: Detection of Environmental Mutagens Through Plant Bioassays by Özlem Aksoy --- Chapter 3: Ecology of Woody Plants in African Savanna Ecosystems by Allan Sebata --- Chapter 4: Modification in Grassland Ecology under the Influence of Changing Climatic and Land Use Conditions by Jimin Cheng, Chengcheng Gang, Liang Guo, Wei Li, Jingwei Jin, Jishuai Su and Lin Wei --- Chapter 5: Leaf Ecology and Radiocesium Contamination in Trees/Forests by Toshihiro Yoshihara --- Chapter 6: Plant-Microbe Ecology: Interactions of Plants and Symbiotic Microbial Communities by Ying-Ning Ho, Dony Chacko Mathew and Chieh-Chen Huang --- Chapter 7: Phytosociological Surveys in Weed Science: Old Concept, New Approach by Germani Concenço, Patrícia Menegaz de Farias, Néstor Fabio Alzate Quintero, Fábio Schreiber, Leandro Galon, Michely Tomazi, Ivana Santos Moisinho, Mariane Camponogara Coradini, William Christofari Ceolin and André Andres --- Chapter 8: Ecological Response to Global Change: Changes in C:N:P Stoichiometry in Environmental Adaptations of Plants by Renato de Mello Prado and Gilmara Pereira da Silva --- Chapter 9: Biogeographical Areas of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic, Republic of Haiti) by Ana Cano Ortiz, Carmelo María Musarella and Eusebio Cano Carmona
    Pages: Online-Ressource (198 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535133407
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/plant-ecology-traditional-approaches-to-recent-trends
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Biological Wastewater Treatment and Resource Recovery (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: wastewater ; resource recovery ; pollution
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Treatment of Organic Recalcitrant Contaminants in Wastewater by Asmita Gupta and Indu Shekhar Thakur --- Chapter 2: Application of Macrobiological Methods in the Settlement Wastewater Treatment by Dragan Milićević, Slaviša Trajković and Milan Gocić --- Chapter 3: Microbe-Based Strategy for Plant Nutrient Management by Shaon Ray Chaudhuri, Madhusmita Mishra, Sonakshi De, Biswajit Samal, Amrita Saha, Srimoyee Banerjee, Abhinandan Chakraborty, Antara Chakraborty, Sonali Pardhiya, Deepak Gola, Joyeeta Chakraborty, Sourav Ghosh, Kamlesh Jangid, Indranil Mukherjee, Mathummal Sudarshan, Rajib Nath and Ashoke Ranjan Thakur --- Chapter 4: Mitigating Environmental Risks of Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture by Ahmed Al-Busaidi and Mushtaque Ahmed --- Chapter 5: Spreading of Antibiotic Resistance with Wastewater by Sadik Dincer and Esra Sunduz Yigittekin --- Chapter 6: Comparative Assessment of Pharmaceutical Removal from Wastewater by the Microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana, Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus by Carla Escapa Santos, Ricardo Nuno de Coimbra, Sergio Paniagua Bermejo, Ana Isabel García Pérez and Marta Otero Cabero --- Chapter 7: Pulp Mill Wastewater: Characteristics and Treatment by María Noel Cabrera --- Chapter 8: Molecular Biomonitoring of Microbial Communities in Tannery Wastewater Treatment Plant for the Removal of Retanning Chemicals by Adey Feleke Desta, Joyce Nzioki, Solomon Maina and Francesca Stomeo --- Chapter 9: Application of Mixed Microbial Culture Biofilms for Manganese (II), Cobalt (II), and Chromium (VI) Biosorption by Horizontal Rotating Tubular Bioreactor by Tonči Rezić, Iva Rezić, Michaela Zeiner and Božidar Šantek --- Chapter 10: Electrocoagulative and Biological Treatment of Laundry Wastewater by Terelle Ramcharan and Ajay Bissessur --- Chapter 11: Biohydrogen Production from Wastewaters by Periyasamy Sivagurunathan, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Guangyin Zhen, Takuro Kobayashi and Kaiqin Xu --- Chapter 12: Valorization of Glucose-Based Wastewater Through Production of Hydrogen, Volatile Fatty Acids and Alcohols by Eduardo Lucena Cavalcante de Amorim, Leandro Takano Sader, Lucas Rodrigues Ramos and Edson Luiz Silva --- Chapter 13: Production of Biogas and Performance Evaluation of Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent Treatment (POME) by Abdurahman Hamid Nour and Azhari Hamid Nour
    Pages: Online-Ressource (254 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535130468
    URL: http://www.intechopen.com/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-and-resource-recovery
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Sea Urchin : From Environment to Aquaculture and Biomedicine (2017)
    Rijeka : InTech
    Details
    Keywords: ocean biology ; marine invertebrates ; sea urchin ; sea hedgehog ; Echinoidea ; echinoids ; Echinoderm ; echinoderms
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1: Introductory Chapter: Sea Urchin - Knowledge and Perspectives by Maria Agnello --- Chapter 2: Sea Urchin Covering Behavior: A Comparative Review by Morgan A. Ziegenhorn --- Chapter 3: Effects of Environmental Factors on Reproduction of the Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Intermedius by Peter M. Zhadan, Marina A. Vaschenko and Tatyana N. Almyashova --- Chapter 4: Morphological and Biochemical Profiles of the Gonadal Cycle in the Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus: Wild Type vs. Bred by Bernardetta Anna Tenuzzo, Elisabetta Carata, Stefania Mariano and Luciana Dini --- Chapter 5: Importance of Gamete Quality in Ecotoxicological Application: Natural versus Bred Population in Paracentrotus lividus by Sartori Davide, Lera Samantha, Silvia Giuliani, Simona Macchia, Lorenzo Morroni, David Pellegrini and Andrea Gaion --- Chapter 6: The Sea Urchin Embryo: A Model for Studying Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Human Diseases and for Testing Bioactive Compounds by Maria Di Bernardo and Marta Di Carlo
    Pages: Online-Ressource (136 Seiten)
    ISBN: 9789535135265
    URL: https://www.intechopen.com/books/sea-urchin-from-environment-to-aquaculture-and-biomedicine
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Contemporary Bioethics : Islamic Perspective (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Medicine ; Human genetics ; Ethics ; Medical ethics ; Biomedicine ; Human Genetics ; Theory of Medicine/Bioethics ; Ethics
    Description / Table of Contents: This book discusses the common principles of morality and ethics derived from divinely endowed intuitive reason through the creation of al-fitr' a (nature) and human intellect (al-‘aql). Biomedical topics are presented and ethical issues related to topics such as genetic testing, assisted reproduction and organ transplantation are discussed. Whereas these natural sources are God’s special gifts to human beings, God’s revelation as given to the prophets is the supernatural source of divine guidance through which human communities have been guided at all times through history. The second part of the book concentrates on the objectives of Islamic religious practice – the maqa' sid – which include: Preservation of Faith, Preservation of Life, Preservation of Mind (intellect and reason), Preservation of Progeny (al-nasl) and Preservation of Property. Lastly, the third part of the book discusses selected topical issues, including abortion, assisted reproduction devices, genetics, organ transplantation, brain death and end-of-life aspects. For each topic, the current medical evidence is followed by a detailed discussion of the ethical issues involved
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XV, 267 pages)
    ISBN: 9783319184289
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-18428-9
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Low-Cost Methods for Molecular Characterization of Mutant Plants : Tissue Desiccation, DNA Extraction and Mutation Discovery: Protocols (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Life sciences ; Nucleic acids ; Plant breeding ; Biology ; Technique ; Life Sciences ; Plant Breeding/Biotechnology ; Biological Techniques ; Nucleic Acid Chemistry
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction --- Health and Safety Considerations --- Sample Collection and Storage --- Low-Cost DNA Extraction --- PCR Amplification for Low-Cost Mutation Discovery --- Enzymatic Mismatch Cleavage and Agarose Gel Evaluation of Samples --- Alternative Enzymology for Mismatch Cleavage for TILLING and Ecotilling: Extraction of Enzymes form Common Weedy Plants --- Example Data --- Conclusions.  
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 35 pages) , 9 illustrations, 3 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319162591
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-16259-1
    Language: English
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