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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: How the Steel Was Tempered in East Asia. Nikolai Ostrovsky’s novel How Steel Was Tempered (1932-34) tells the story of a young Ukrainian man named Pavel Korchagin who sacrifices his life and body to forge a steel-like spirit amid revolution, civil war, and postwar socialist construction. Although his physical injuries, which left him paralyzed and even blind, looks somehow grotesque, but his heroic self-sacrifice also had the power to inspire young readers. Regarded as an exemplary work of Soviet socialist realism, it was translated into many languages and read avidly at one time by left-wing readers in the West as well as in the Communist countries in the East. It was particularly influential in China, where it is so popular that even today it is invariably named as one of the favorite books of university students. This is in contrast to post-Soviet Russia today, in which the novel has lost the privileged position it once enjoyed and is no longer widely read. In China under the socialist regime, Ostrovsky’s novel was published in large numbers as suitable reading for young people and incorporated into school education. However, their active introduction in the public sphere alone does not explain their popularity. Chinese readers seem to have become deeply emotionally involved in the protagonist’s unsuccessful love affair with Tonya, a young girl whose bourgeois gestures and characterization must have been considered negative. As a result, the Soviet ideological novel has brought an unexpected meaning of European-style romantic love for Chinese readers. This presentation will trace the reception of Ostrovsky’s novel and the changes in the heroine Tonya’s image by comparing five adaptations: two Soviet films in 1942 and 1957, a Chinese lianhuanhua (serial picture book) in 1972, a Japanese manga in 1975, and a Chinese TV drama in 1999.
    Keywords: Socialist Realism ; Nikolai Ostrovsky ; adaptation ; China's reception ; Japan's reception ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Vladivostok is likened to the Bosphorus. The remoteness of the Far East made it difficult for the European part of the Russian Empire to recognise Vladivostok geographically. Therefore, through analogy to the Mediterranean, it was consciously integrated into the state. On the other hand, by using kanji combinations, which evoke images of traditional Japanese poetry, the Japanese created a sense of familiarity with Vladivostok. In most cases, regarding the social situation during the Revolutionary and Intervention War periods, researchers’ interest was restricted to the scheme of the conflict between the Red Army and the White Army and the victory or defeat of the October Revolution. However, more than 30 years after the dissolution of the USSR, the events of this period are now being examined by scholars mainly from the perspective of the residents and outsiders in various regions who, without knowing the consequences of the revolution, were both anticipating and anxious about significant social changes. The multicultural nature of the Far East is being discussed on the occasion of the centenary of the Siberian exodus. This article examines the cultural situation in and around Vladivostok, focusing on developments such as the education system and modernist currents in the arts. Vladivostok served as both an entrance to Siberia for the Japanese or other foreign troops and an exit for emigres.
    Keywords: Vladivostok ; Siberian intervention ; Multicultral and multinational society ; Ethnic language education ; Centre and periphery ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: Reception of Russian Literature of the Silver Age in China. In the late 20th century, there emerged a significant cultural fervor for the Russian literature of the Silver Age within Chinese academic circles, primarily focused on literary studies. This article examines the history of translating Russian literature of the Silver Age in China and its level of research development. It is revealed that, on one hand, the initial attempts at translating literary works of the Silver Age into Chinese began in the first half of the 20th century, with notable activity during the May Fourth Movement and towards the end of the 20th century. Consequently, works by well-known writers had more opportunities to be translated into Chinese and gain attention from the academic community, while many works by lesser-known authors remained overlooked. On the other hand, Chinese scholars’ research on Russian literature of the Silver Age encompasses various literary genres such as poetry, novels, and dramas, with a focus on individual writers and their works. However, comprehensive and systematic studies in this field are still lacking. The examination of the history of translation and the level of research on Russian literature of the Silver Age in China contributes to academic progress, facilitates exchange and collaboration among scholars, provides reference materials and recommendations, and establishes a foundation for further in-depth research.
    Keywords: Reception of Russian literature in China ; Silver Age ; Reception studies ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Teaching of Russian as Foreign Language at the advanced level aims to teach students a wide range of linguistic and stylistic elements of oral and written speech typical of the modern Russian language. For a good professional training of students, teaching materials should be flexible and up-to-date, they should present the language actually used in everyday communication in any sphere of life and work. This textbook applies the model of communicative analysis of N.S. Valgina to the analysis of written texts of mostly non-literary type, which promotes the development of analytical competence at the textual, linguistic and stylistic levels. The course is intended for advanced Russian language students (B2 +) studying at the Master's level of linguistic studies.
    Keywords: Text ; Communicative analysis ; Russian as FL ; Stylistics ; Non-literary text ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Korehito Kurahara and “Proletarian Realism”: Proletarian Literature in Japan in 1920s. This paper examines the proletarian literature movement that emerged in Japan in the 1920s, focusing on Korehito Kurahara, a leading proponent. Kurahara studied Russian literature and his theory, “proletarian realism,” was based on concepts promoted by the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP). The paper analyzes two of Kurahara’s works from which proletarian realism originated. Both works are based on arguments between leaders of the proletarian writers’ organization and A. Volonsky. After Kurahara, Japan attempted to interpret proletarian literature from the perspective of literary history, which Kurahara incorporated into Japanese literature based on RAPP discussions. This suggests that Japanese proletarian literary theory developed under the influence of the Soviet Union.
    Keywords: Korehito Kurahara ; Japanese literature ; Soviet literature ; proletarian realism ; A. Voronsky ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Ukrainian motifs in A. S. Makarenko’s Pedagogical Poem. Makarenko’s Pedagogical Poem in the Stalin era was perceived as a eulogy to the collective, while in late Soviet times the dominance of the collective and the tendency to violent solutions already irritated the Russian reader. The German historian Goetz Hillig saw Makarenko as a world pedagogical genius, created his scientific biography, and published a scholarly edition of his writings in German. Elena Tolstaya looks at The Poem, set in post-revolutionary Ukraine, in the aspect of Russian-Ukrainian bilingualism, and looks for possible responses to the actualities of the late 20s – early 30s.
    Keywords: Makarenko ; Socialist realism ; Ukraine ; bilingualism ; peasantry. ; thema EDItEUR::C Language and Linguistics::CF Linguistics ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 7
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    Firenze University Press
    Publication Date: 2024-04-06
    Description: The Ukrainian Theme in the Legacy of Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabotinsky. Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabotinsky (1880-1940) combined the characteristics of a convinced individualist, a nationalist-statist, and an equally convinced liberal with a tendency toward anarchism. He respected every people’s struggle for independence and called nationalism “the individualism of nations”. In his prose, essays and journalism, Jabotinsky was able to synthesize rational analysis with fearless intuition. This combination enabled him to predict both World Wars I and II and the Holocaust, long before Hitler invaded Poland. As a young man he lived for several years in Italy, which he considered his spiritual homeland. His views were formed, on the one hand, under the influence of Italian socialists, Garibaldi and Italian culture in general, and, on the other hand, under the influence of Ukrainian socialists, champions of independence. He maintained friendly contacts with some of them because he combined his Zionism with Ukrainianophilia, which survived despite the monstrous Jewish pogroms organized by the Petlyura troops in 1919-20. A special theme touched upon in the report is the supposed echoes of Ukrainian spontaneous individualism in Jabotinsky’s anarchist tendencies.
    Keywords: Vladimir (Ze’ev) Jabotinsky ; zionism ; anti-Semitism ; Ukraine ; anarchism ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-07
    Description: Moscow at the turn of history. About the “toponymic upheaval” and not only. The article digs into the urban (and political) geography of Moscow and how this is perceived in Italy in the aftermath of the collapse of the Soviet Union. In particular, the investigation will focus on a number of volumes related to the late Soviet era that were published in Italy between the late 1980s and the mid-1990s. The authors are mainly newspaper and TV correspondents: Vittorio Zucconi (1944-2019, Il Corriere della sera, Si fa presto a dire Russia); Demetrio Volcic (1931-2021, RAI, Mosca. I giorni della fine); Enrico Franceschini (1956, La Repubblica) who is both a journalist (La fine dell'impero. Ultimo viaggio in URSS) and a novelist (La donna della Piazza Rossa). However, the texts index also includes a politician, Giulio Andreotti (L’URSS vista da vicino. Dalla guerra fredda a Gorbaciov), and a comic character, Mickey Mouse, who, in an October 1988 issue number, shows how in the years of perestroika people looked at the nascent (dying) country with both fear and curiosity. All the authors, regardless of their profession and orientation, have the feeling that they are also witnessing history through urban geography; it is no coincidence that all the texts analyzed, to varying extents, “photograph” buildings, streets, monuments... that is to say , “places,” which may be “old,” i.e. inherited from previous travelers or the result of historical, political or literary reminiscences, or “new” places, where a new path of history is being written.
    Keywords: Urban geography ; Moscow ; Perestroika ; Travelogue ; Italian correspondents from Moscow ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism
    Language: Russian
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