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  • Lepidoptera  (1,054)
  • Rat  (826)
  • temperature  (698)
  • Springer  (2,575)
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  • 1
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    Seasonal Forecasts, Climatic Change and Human Health : Health and Climate (2008)
    Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Assessment ; Malaria ; Public Health ; Scale ; Weather ; climate change ; public health policy ; temperature
    Description / Table of Contents: Awareness that many key aspects of public health are strongly influenced by climate is growing dramatically, driven by new research and experience and fears of climate change and the research needed to underpin policy developments in area is growing rapidly . This awareness has yet to translate into a practical use of climate knowledge by health policy-makers. Evidence based policy and practice is the mantra of the health sector. If climate scientists are to contribute effectively to health policy at local and global scales then careful empirical studies must be undertaken – focused on the needs of the public health policy and decision-makers. Results presented at the Wengen conference make clear that the science and art of integrating climate knowledge into the control of climate sensitive diseases on a year to year time frame as well as careful assessments of the potential impacts of climate change on health outcomes over longer time frames is advancing rapidly on many fronts. This includes advances in the empirical understanding of mechanisms, methodologies for modeling future impacts, new partnership developments between the health and climate community along with access to relevant data resources, and education and training. In a rapidly evolving field this book provides a snapshot of these emerging themes.
    Pages: Online-Ressource (X, 232 pages)
    ISBN: 9781402068775
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6877-5
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial thermogenesis of rats with glutamate induced obesity in relation to energy intake (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rat ; glutamate-induced obesity ; postprandial thermogenesis ; Ratte ; Glutamat-induzierte Adipositas ; postprandiale Thermogenese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Monate alten Ratten mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese über 8 h nach Fütterung von 300, 450 und 600 kJ/kg0,75 einer Pellet-Diät mittels indirekter Kalorimetrie in computergesteuerten Stoffwechselkäfigen mit offenem Kreislauf bestimmt. Bei den adipösen Tieren war die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Aufnahme von 600 kJ/kg0,75 (oberhalb des Energieerhaltungsbedarfs) signifikant auf 40% der Thermogenese der Kontrolltiere reduziert (12,0 gegenüber 31,5 kJ/kg0,75×8 h). Es wird geschlußfolgert, daß die Ratte mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas als ein Tiermodell mit beeinträchtigter fakultativer Thermogenese anzusehen ist, die hauptsächlich durch eine Verminderung der sympathischen adrenergen Aktivität verursacht ist.
    Notes: Summary Postprandial thermogenesis was estimated in 4-month-old male rats with glutamate induced obesity after being fed with 300, 450 and 600 kJ/kg0.75 of a pellet diet, respectively by indirect calorimetry in computer-controlled open circuit metabolic cages over 8 h. After an intake of 600 kJ/kg0.75 (above the maintenance energy requirement) postprandial thermogenesis was significantly reduced in the obese animals to about 40% of control rats (12.0 versus 31.5 kJ/kg0.75×8 h). It is concluded that the glutamate obese rat can be accepted as an animal model with impaired facultative thermogenesis, mainly caused by a reduction of sympathetic adrenergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01610087
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Langfristige Zunahme früher Bruten beim Teichrohrsänger (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) in einem südwestdeutschen Untersuchungsgebiet (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 140 (1999), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Keywords: Reed Warbler ; timing of breeding ; spring arrival ; global climate change ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Untersuchungsgebiet am westlichen Bodensee (Halbinsel Mettnau) zeichnet sich zwischen 1976 und 1997 eine deutliche Zunahme früh ausgeflogener Teichrohrsänger ab, was auf ein früheres Brüten schließen läßt. Weiterhin hat sich die Erstankunft des Teichrohrsängers am Bodensee in den letzten 16 Jahren (1982–1997) im Vergleich zum Zeitraum 1961 bis 1980 um genau eine Woche verfrüht (im Mittel vom 26.4. auf den 19.4.). Während sich zwischen der jährlichen Erstankunft des Teichrohrsängers am Bodensee und der Zahl früh ausgeflogener Jungvögel kein statistisch gesicherter Zusammenhang finden läßt, ist die Temperatur in der ersten Maihälfte ein guter (statistisch signifikanter) Indikator für die Zahl früh ausgeflogener Teichrohrsänger. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zeigt, daß sich offenbar auch Langstreckenzieher an die sich abzeichnende Klimaveränderung anzupassen beginnen.
    Notes: Summary Data from a standardized mist-netting programme (the so-called "MRI-Programm") were used to assess the timing of breeding in Reed Warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) at Lake Constance (South Germany). The number of Reed Warblers fledged early in the season increased significantly between 1976 and 1997 (rs=0.614; p〈0.01). This is most probably due to a long-term increase in spring temperature as suggested by the high correlation between the number of early-fledged Reed Warblers and mean temperature in the first half of May (rs=0.416; p〈0.01). While in the period from 1961 to 1980 the mean date of spring arrival was on the 26th of April, it shifted towards the 19th April from 1981 to 1997. However, the number of early-fledged Reed Warblers and the date of spring arrival are not significantly correlated. The lack of a significant correlation may be due to a number of reasons, for instance early arriving birds do not belong to the local population or there could be an observational bias among years. Yet, the most likely explanation is that the timing of breeding in Reed Warblers is triggered by vegetation growth and food supply rather than by the timing of spring arrival. There is growing body of evidence from this and other studies that the recent climate change is responsible for the shift in both the timing of migration and breeding in birds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02462091
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetic studies on void formation during liquid epoxy resin impregnation through polyester non-woven fabric (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 454-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Impregnation ; void ; liquid ; fabric ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Under the condition that liquid epoxy resin impregnation was through polyester non-woven fabric sheets, sandwiched between two circular glass plates, the increase in gas pressure caused by decrease in the volume of non-impregnating area was not as much as expected according to Boyle's law. Hence, the quantity of the gas consumed by dissolution and diffusion into the liquid resin and the polyester fibers, as well as by the void formation in the impregnating area of liquid resin, was calculated. According to the results, the quantities of gas decreased by dissolution and diffusion from the non-impregnating area into the impregnating liquid resin and into the polyester fiber are found to be so small that the deviation from Boyle's law mostly depends on the gas consumption due to the void formation in the impregnating area. Observing the impregnating region with a microscope, many voids were found in the area between the non-impregnating area and the completely impregnated area. The number and size of voids are theoretically estimated by assuming the non-uniformity of the fiber distribution in the polyester non-woven fabric.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458335
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mode of action ofBacillus thuringiensis crystal proteins (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 69 (1993), S. 145-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Diptera ; crystal proteins ; Cyt proteins ; pathogenesis ; cytotoxicity ; solubility ; receptor binding ; pore formation ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02380641
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The roles of temperature and food quality in affecting the performance of the alder aphid, Pterocallis alni (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 9-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphid ; alder ; food quality ; temperature ; ovariole number ; Pterocallis alni
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé P. alni DeGeer (Homopt. Callaphididae) vit sur Alnus glutinosa Gaertner pendant toute l'année. L'aulne étant un arbre fixant l'azote, cette étude a été entreprise pour examiner la croissance et la reproduction de ce puceron sur cet arbre afin d'expliquer les changements de la dynamique de sa population. 6 générations successives estivales ont été élevées dans la nature et en température constante au laboratoire. La qualité de l'aliment a été mesurée chaque semaine par une microkjeldahl analyse des concentrations foliaires en azote soluble. La qualité de l'aliment varie saisonnière, mais ne diminue que de 23%; elle semble n'avoir que peu d'effets sur le puceron, puisque la fécondité dans la nature n'est réduite que pendant une génération. Quand la température est maintenue constante, il n'y a pas de différences entre les performances des différentes générations de pucerons. Ainsi, les changements saisonniers dans la croissance et la reproduction des pucerons sont provoqués par la température et non par la qualité de l'aliment.
    Notes: Abstract Six successive summer generations of the alder aphid (Pterocallis alni (DeGeer) (Homoptera: Callaphididae)) were reared simultaneously in the field and under controlled temperature conditions in the laboratory. The growth and reproduction of each generation were recorded. The available food quality for the aphids was measured by weekly analysis of foliar soluble nitrogen concentrations. Although there was a significant change in leaf soluble nitrogen during the season, the decline was only 23% and this did not appear to have an adverse effect on the performance of this aphid. Instead, the major environmental factor affecting the aphid is temperature. This is evidenced by the facts that when aphids were reared at constant temperatures, there were no differences in generation performance, even though food quality varied seasonally. In addition, all generations of the aphid posess the same number of ovarioles, indicating that there is no pre-programmed anticipation of a seasonal deterioration in food quality in this aphid species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349590
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pteridine compounds in adults of the pink-spotted bollowrm, Pectinophora scutigera (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 57 (1990), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Age ; pteridine ; Pectinophora ; Lepidoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En chromatographie liqudde à haute performance (HPLC) à détection par fluorescence, 4 composés ptéridiniques: la xanthoptérine, l'isoxanthoptérine, la 6-bioptérine et la ptérine ont été décelés dans les têtes de P. scutigera Holdaway (Lep. Gelechiidae) adultes. Un autre composé, dénommé ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’, a été décelé aussi dans les têtes de papillons; de même l'isoxanthoptérine a été décelée dans les thorax et abdomens. Les concentrations de ces ptérines ont été dosées dans les têtes des papillons de 2 à 50 jours au laboratoire à 25°C. Les concentrations d'isoxatthoptérine ont été dosées dans les thorax et les abdomens de 2 à 40 jours. La xanthoptérine de la ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ diminuent nettement avec l'âge, tandis que la ptérine diminue plus lentement et que la 6-bioptérine se maintient pratiquement sans changements. L'isoxanthoptérine diminue dans les têtes de mâles de 38,3 ng/tête à 2 j à 22,7 ng/tête à 50 j, mais chez les femelles les concentrations augmentent nettement de 41,2 ng/tête à 2 j à 150,4 ng/tête à 50 j. Des modifications de même type ont été observées dans les thorax et les abdomens des mâles et des femelles. Les modifications de concentration de la ‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ des têtes de papillons peuvent être utilisées pour évaluer l'âge physiologique de mâles et des femelles de P. scutigera. La confiance dans ces estimations peut être améliorée en se référant aux concentrations d'isoxanthoptérine dans les thorax des mâles et au rapport isoxanthoptérine/‘xanthoptérine modifiée’ dans les têtes de femelles.
    Notes: Abstract The amounts of four pteridine compounds, xanthopterin, isoxanthopterin, 6-biopterin and pterin and a further unidentified substance, termed ‘modified xanthopterin’, were determined in the heads of adult Pectinophora scutigera (Holdaway) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), aged between 2 and 50 days and reared in the laboratory at 25°C. The level of isoxanthopterin was also determined in the thoraces and abdomens of moths aged between 2 and 40 days. The levels of xanthopterin, and ‘modified xanthopterin’ decreased markedly in the heads of males and females with increasing moth age, while those of pterin decreased more slowly and 6-biopterin remained largely unchanged. Isoxanthopterin decreased in male heads from 38.3 ng/head at 2 days to 22.7 ng/head at 50 days, but in females levels increased from 41.2 ng/head at 2 days to 150.4 ng/head at 50 days. Similar changes in the amounts of isoxanthopterin with increasing moth age were observed in male and female thoraces and abdomens. The results are discussed in relation to using pteridine compounds for estimating the physiological age of P. scutigera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349597
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sex attractant for male Swammerdamia pyrella (1991)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 61 (1991), S. 95-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Swammerdamia pyrella ; Lepidoptera ; Yponomeutidae ; (Z)-5-tetradecenyl acetate ; (Z)-7-tetradecenyl acetate ; sex attractant ; field trapping
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367173
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Larval secretions and food odors affect orientation in femalePlodia interpunctella (1994)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 71 (1994), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Pyralidae ; Indianmeal moth ; semiochemicals ; attraction ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Substrates contaminated by wandering fifth instar larvae ofPlodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) elicit oviposition by conspecific female moths, and larval rearing diet enhances oviposition and also induces upwind flight. Two-choice oviposition assays determined that four-day-old gravid femaleP. interpunctella preferred to lay eggs on dishes containing cornmeal-based rearing diet compared to empty dishes. Pieces of cheesecloth contaminated by fifth instar larvae elicited more oviposition than untreated cheesecloth or dishes with food. The combination of larval contamination and food was preferred over food only or larval contamination only in both two- and four-choice experiments. The factor(s) in larval contamination responsible for eliciting oviposition in female moths was extracted in hexane, confirming that organic semiochemicals are responsible for the effect. The oviposition-eliciting activity of larval contamination was retained on cheesecloth for up to 30 days following treatment with larvae, suggesting the active component(s) is stable and of low relative volatility. In two-choice windtunnel bioassays female moths initiated flight only when rearing food was present in one of the treatments, and they displayed the highest landing responses to a combination of larval contamination and food. Earlier work onP. interpunctella and related pyralid species found that larval contamination due to secretions from the mandibular glands acted as both a spacing pheromone for wandering larvae and as a kairomone for host-seeking parasitoid wasps. The present study suggests that the same or a similar secretion acts as an oviposition-eliciting pheromone for conspecific females.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02426402
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