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  • Articles  (9)
  • labor force participation  (9)
  • Sociology  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Income and employment effects of health shocks A test case for the German welfare state (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 12 (1999), S. 363-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: JEL classification: I10 ; J21 ; J28 ; J26 ; Key words: Health ; labor force participation ; welfare state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Using data from the first eleven waves of the German Socio-Economic Panel this study investigates the dynamic effects of health shocks on employment and economic well-being of older workers. A health shock trebles the probability of leaving the labor force and almost doubles the unemployment risk. The financial effects of health shocks are small on average and those individuals with the highest remaining earnings potential are least affected by the health shock. Welfare state instruments support the poorest section of the population but do not succeed in neutralizing the effects of a health shock for these groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050104
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mothers in an insider-outsider economy: The puzzle of Spain (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 301-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J22 ; J13 ; Childbirth ; labor force participation ; labor force transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract There is growing evidence that social policies towards mothers have important effects on their labour market behaviour. This article argues that these effects are less important in a Male Breadwinner Regime if there is employment insecurity in the household or if women intend to participate in the long-run. I consider the case of Spain, where the workforce has become polarized between insiders and outsiders and where social policies closely resemble the Male Breadwinner Regime. The results show that Spanish mothers fall into two groups: those who do not withdraw from the labor force after childbirth and those who withdraw and do not re-enter after their children arrive at school age. Entry or re-entry appears related to the husband's employment uncertainty. Married women in an “insider household” are less likely to be mobile than women in an “outsider household”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176690
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barefoot and in a German kitchen: Federal parental leave and benefit policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 247-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Since 1979 German federal maternity leave and benefit policy has given women incentives to stay at home and take care of their newborn and youngest children. In 1986 this leave and benefit policy was changed in several ways, turning it into a powerful instrument for delaying mothers‘ return to work after childbirth. Using a flexible duration dependence estimation technique for proportional hazards due to Prentice and Gloeckler (1978) and applied to grouped durations by Meyer (1987, 1990), we estimate post childbirth return to work hazards for women during the federally protected leave protection period and immediately upon completion of this leave period. During the leave mothers are less likely to return to work the longer is the time left in the leave protection period; however, this result cannot be attributed generally to high levels of maternity benefits. When the leave protection period ends, mothers with strong labor force attachment who are still on leave return to their jobs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050017
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal employment in Scandinavia: A comparison of the after-birth employment activity of Norwegian and Swedish women (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J22 ; J13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A striking characteristic of recent Western labour market trends is the rise in employment among mothers of very young children. So far, few studies have analysed the impact of public policies on employment rates of young mothers. In this study we address this issue by comparing two similar countries, Norway and Sweden, which have the same set of policies with slight variations, using data sets with similar designs. We analyse rates of re-entry into paid work after first birth for mothers in 1968–88 by means of hazard regression. One important finding is that the right to paid maternity leave with jobsecurity greatly speeds up the return to work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176688
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Barefoot and in a German kitchen: Federal parental leave and benefit policy and the return to work after childbirth in Germany (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 247-266 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J22 ; J13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Since 1979 German federal maternity leave and benefit policy has given women incentives to stay at home and take care of their newborn and youngest children. In 1986 this leave and benefit policy was changed in several ways, turning it into a powerful instrument for delaying mothers' return to work after childbirth. Using a flexible duration dependence estimation technique for proportional hazards due to Prentice and Gloeckler (1978) and applied to grouped durations by Meyer (1987, 1990), we estimate post childbirth return to work hazards for women during the federally protected leave protection period and immediately upon completion of this leave period. During the leave mothers are less likely to return to work the longer is the time left in the leave protection period; however, this result cannot be attributed generally to high levels of maternity benefits. When the leave protection period ends, mothers with strong labor force attachment who are still on leave return to their jobs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment after childbearing and women's subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 325-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: J 22 ; J 13 ; Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract Data on women from the British 1958 Cohort Study is used as evidence on the determinants of their labour force participation at age 33. A conventional cross-sectional model of full or part-time employment makes use of some longitudinal material not normally included in such models. Whether the woman made the hitherto customary break from. employment at the time of the first maternity is included in recognition that this cohort was among the first generation to be offered Statutory Maternity Leave. Results suggest that the presence of children (still) inhibits full-time employment and raises the probability of part-time employment; that income effects on participation have continued to weaken while wage elasticity for full-time employment is high. Continuity of employment straight after childbearing raises the chances of subsequent full-time employment, but by no means guarantees it. Gains from maternity leave and other family friendly employment policies have been far from uniform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176691
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maternal employment in Scandinavia: A comparison of the after-birth employment activity of Norwegian and Swedish women (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 267-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. A striking characteristic of recent Western labour market trends is the rise in employment among mothers of very young children. So far, few studies have analysed the impact of public policies on employment rates of young mothers. In this study we address this issue by comparing two similar countries, Norway and Sweden, which have the same set of policies with slight variations, using data sets with similar designs. We analyse rates of re-entry into paid work after first birth for mothers in 1968–88 by means of hazard regression. One important finding is that the right to paid maternity leave with jobsecurity greatly speeds up the return to work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050018
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mothers in an insider-outsider economy: The puzzle of Spain (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 301-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Childbirth ; labor force participation ; labor force transitions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. There is growing evidence that social policies towards mothers have important effects on their labour market behaviour. This article argues that these effects are less important in a Male Breadwinner Regime if there is employment insecurity in the household or if women intend to participate in the long-run. I consider the case of Spain, where the workforce has become polarized between insiders and outsiders and where social policies closely resemble the Male Breadwinner Regime. The results show that Spanish mothers fall into two groups: those who do not withdraw from the labor force after childbirth and those who withdraw and do not re-enter after their children arrive at school age. Entry or re-entry appears related to the husband‘s employment uncertainty. Married women in an ”insider household“ are less likely to be mobile than women in an ”outsider household“.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Employment after childbearing and women‘s subsequent labour force participation: Evidence from the British 1958 birth cohort (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of population economics 9 (1996), S. 325-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1475
    Keywords: Key words: Maternity leave ; childbirth ; labor force participation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. Data on women from the British 1958 Cohort Study is used as evidence on the determinants of their labour force participation at age 33. A conventional cross-sectional model of full or part-time employment makes use of some longitudinal material not normally included in such models. Whether the woman made the hitherto customary break from employment at the time of the first maternity is included in recognition that this cohort was among the first generation to be offered Statutory Maternity Leave. Results suggest that the presence of children (still) inhibits full-time employment and raises the probability of part-time employment; that income effects on participation have continued to weaken while wage elasticity for full-time employment is high. Continuity of employment straight after childbearing raises the chances of subsequent full-time employment, but by no means guarantees it. Gains from maternity leave and other family friendly employment policies have been far from uniform.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001480050021
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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