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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 29 (1995), S. 413-429 
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Schlagwort(e): Bible ; English ; Gospels ; Greek ; Hebrew ; information retrieval ; latent semantic indexing ; singular value decomposition
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, a method for indexing cross-language databases for conceptual query matching is presented. Two languages (Greek and English) are combined by appending a small portion of documents from one language to the identical documents in the other language. The proposed merging strategy duplicates less than 7% of the entire database (made up of different translations of the Gospels). Previous strategies duplicated up to 34% of the initial database in order to perform the merger. The proposed method retrieves a larger number of relevant documents for both languages with higher cosine rankings when Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI) is employed. Using the proposed merge strategies, LSI is shown to be effective in retrieving documents from either language (Greek or English) without requiring any translation of a user's query. An effective Bible search product needs to allow the use of natural language for searching (queries). LSI enables the user to form queries with using natural expressions in the user's own native language. The merging strategy proposed in this study enables LSI to retrieve relevant documents effectively using a minimum of the database in a foreign language.
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 3 (1995), S. 287-304 
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Schlagwort(e): work product retrieval ; information retrieval ; document management ; electronic publishing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Contemporary law offices use many different technologies for storing and retrieving documents produced in the course of legal work. This article examines two approaches in detail: document management, as exemplified by SoftSolutions, and electronic publishing, as exemplified by Folio VIEWS. Some other approaches are reviewed, and the pragmatics, politics, economics, and legalities of legal work product retrieval are discussed.
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 4 (1996), S. 1-71 
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Schlagwort(e): legal argument ; heuristic search ; best-first search ; evaluation function ; bankruptcy law ; “good faith” ; information retrieval ; information harvesting ; case-domain graph ; argument pieces ; argument dimensions ; argument factors ; neighbor methods
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The BankXX system models the process of perusing and gathering information for argument as a heuristic best-first search for relevant cases, theories, and other domain-specific information. As BankXX searches its heterogeneous and highly interconnected network of domain knowledge, information is incrementally analyzed and amalgamated into a dozen desirable ingredients for argument (called argument pieces), such as citations to cases, applications of legal theories, and references to prototypical factual scenarios. At the conclusion of the search, BankXX outputs the set of argument pieces filled with harvested material relevant to the input problem situation. This research explores the appropriateness of the search paradigm as a framework for harvesting and mining information needed to make legal arguments. In this article, we describe how legal research fits the heuristic search framework and detail how this model is used in BankXX. We describe the BankXX program with emphasis on its representation of legal knowledge and legal argument. We describe the heuristic search mechanism and evaluation functions that drive the program. We give an extended example of the processing of BankXX on the facts of an actual legal case in BankXX's application domain — the good faith question of Chapter 13 personal bankruptcy law. We discuss closely related research on legal knowledge representation and retrieval and the use of search for case retrieval or tasks related to argument creation. Finally we review what we believe are the contributions of this research to the understanding of the diverse disciplines it addresses.
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 5 (1997), S. 1-74 
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Schlagwort(e): case-based reasoning ; legal argument ; information retrieval ; search ; evaluation ; bankruptcy
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract In this article we evaluate the BankXX program from several perspectives. BankXX is a case-based legal argument program that retrieves cases and other legal knowledge pertinent to a legal argument through a combination of heuristic search and knowledge-based indexing. The program is described in detail in a companion article in Artificial Intelligence and Law 4: 1--71, 1996. Three perspectives are used to evaluate BankXX:(1) classical information retrieval measures of precision and recall applied against a hand-coded baseline; (2) knowledge-representation and case-based reasoning, where the baseline is provided by the functionality of a well-known case-based argument program, HYPO (Ashley, 1990); and (3) search, in which the performance of BankXX run with various parameter settings, for instance, resource limits, is compared. In this article we report on an extensive series of experiments performed to evaluate the program. We also describe two additional experiments concerning(1) the program's search behavior; and (2) the use of a modified form of precision and recall based on case similarity. Finally we offer some general conclusions that might be drawn from these particular experiments.
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 5 (1997), S. 179-205 
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Schlagwort(e): legal databases ; information retrieval ; artificial intelligence ; knowledge engineering ; document base
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract Juris-Data is one of the largest case-study base in France. The case studies are indexed by legal classification elaborated by the Juris-Data Group. Knowledge engineering was used to design an intelligent interface for information retrieval based on this classification. The aim of the system is to help users find the case-study which is the most relevant to their own. The approach is potentially very useful, but for standardising it for other legal document bases it is necessary to extract a legal classification of the primary documents. Thus, a methodology for the construction of these classifications was designed together with a framework for index construction. The project led to the implementation of a Legal Case Studies Engineering Framework based on the accumulated experimentation and the methodologies designed. It consists of a set of computerised tools which support the life-cycle of the legal document from their processing by legal experts to their consultation by clients.
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 6 (1998), S. 59-79 
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Schlagwort(e): automatic abstracting ; case indexing ; information retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik , Rechtswissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract The SALOMON project is a contribution to the automatic processing of legal texts. Its aim is to automatically summarise Belgian criminal cases in order to improve access to the large number of existing and future cases. Therefore, techniques are developed for identifying and extracting relevant information from the cases. A broader application of these techniques could considerably simplify the work of the legal profession. A double methodology was used when developing SALOMON: the cases are processed by employing additional knowledge to interpret structural patterns and features on the one hand and by way of occurrence statistics of index terms on the other. As a result, SALOMON performs an initial categorisation and structuring of the cases and subsequently extracts the most relevant text units of the alleged offences and of the opinion of the court. The SALOMON techniques do not themselves solve any legal questions, but they do guide the user effectively towards relevant texts.
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Informatik-Spektrum 21 (1998), S. 9-15 
    ISSN: 1432-122X
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter  World Wide Web ; Anfragesprachen ; Information Retrieval ; verteilte Informationssysteme ; Hypertext ; Key words  WWW ; query languages ; information retrieval ; distributed information systems ; hypertext ; Computing Reviews Classification  H 2.3 ; H 2.5 ; H 3.3 ; C.2.4
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary   By using the World Wide Web (WWW) it has become easy to access information which is distributed over the entire Internet. However, due to the immense and rapidly growing supply of information it has become necessary to go beyond pure hypertext navigation, and to provide tools which are able to utilize this huge „database“ WWW in a goal-oriented and efficient way. Such tools, which are collectively called search engines, are surveyed in this paper. In addition, recent approaches for applying techniques for the specification and processing of queries, as known from databases, in the context of the Web are described. There is hope that such an exploitation will lead to a more efficient and more comfortable way of dealing with the apparent flood of information.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung   Durch das World Wide Web (WWW) ist es auf einfache Art möglich, Zugang zu Information zu erhalten, die über das ganze Internet verteilt sind. Allerdings hat es sich durch das große und schnell wachsende Informationsangebot im WWW als notwendig erwiesen, über die reine Navigation in diesem Hypertextsystem hinaus Werkzeuge zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche die riesige hier vorliegende „Datenbank“ WWW zielgerichtet und effizient auswerten können. Solche Werkzeuge werden als Suchmaschinen bezeichnet; sie werden in diesem Übersichtsartikel vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus werden zur Zeit diskutierte Ansätze beschrieben, Techniken des Formulierens und Verarbeitens von Anfragen, wie man sie aus Datenbanken kennt, auf das WWW anzuwenden. Die (berechtigte) Hoffnung ist, mit der Übertragung von Datenbanktechniken auf das Web zu einem effizienteren und komfortableren Umgang mit der vorliegenden Informationsflut zu gelangen.
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Machine learning 21 (1995), S. 125-150 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Schlagwort(e): protein tertiary structure ; machine discovery ; relational learning ; knowledge representation ; description logics ; information retrieval ; knowledge discovery in databases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The investigation of relations between protein tertiary structure and amino acid sequence is a topic of tremendous importance in molecular biology. The automated discovery of recurrent patterns of structure and sequence is an essential part of this investigation. These patterns, known as protein motifs, are abstractions of fragments drawn from proteins of known sequence and tertiary structure. This paper has two objectives. The first is to introduce and define protein motifs, and provide a survey of previous research on protein motif discovery. The second is to present and apply a novel approach to protein motif representation and discovery, which is based on a spatial description logic and the symbolic machine learning paradigm of structured concept formation. A large database of protein fragments is processed using this approach, and several interesting and significant protein motifs are discovered.
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Machine learning 24 (1996), S. 95-122 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Schlagwort(e): conceptual clustering ; incremental learning ; concept lattices ; browsing ; information retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The theory of concept (or Galois) lattices provides a simple and formal approach to conceptual clustering. In this paper we present GALOIS, a system that automates and applies this theory. The algorithm utilized by GALOIS to build a concept lattice is incremental and efficient, each update being done in time at most quadratic in the number of objects in the lattice. Also, the algorithm may incorporate background information into the lattice, and through clustering, extend the scope of the theory. The application we present is concerned with information retrieval via browsing, for which we argue that concept lattices may represent major support structures. We describe a prototype user interface for browsing through the concept lattice of a document-term relation, possibly enriched with a thesaurus of terms. An experimental evaluation of the system performed on a medium-sized bibliographic database shows good retrieval performance and a significant improvement after the introduction of background knowledge.
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Machine learning 24 (1996), S. 95-122 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Schlagwort(e): conceptual clustering ; incremental learning ; concept lattices ; browsing ; information retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The theory of concept (or Galois) lattices provides a simple and formal approach to conceptual clustering. In this paper we present GALOIS, a system that automates and applies this theory. The algorithm utilized by GALOIS to build a concept lattice is incremental and efficient, each update being done in time at most quadratic in the number of objects in the lattice. Also, the algorithm may incorporate background information into the lattice, and through clustering, extend the scope of the theory. The application we present is concerned with information retrieval via browsing, for which we argue that concept lattices may represent major support structures. We describe a prototype user interface for browsing through the concept lattice of a document-term relation, possibly enriched with a thesaurus of terms. An experimental evaluation of the system performed on a medium-sized bibliographic database shows good retrieval performance and a significant improvement after the introduction of background knowledge.
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Machine learning 21 (1995), S. 125-150 
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Schlagwort(e): protein tertiary structure ; machine discovery ; relational learning ; knowledge representation ; description logics ; information retrieval ; knowledge discovery in databases
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The investigation of relations between protein tertiary structure and amino acid sequence is a topic of tremendous importance in molecular biology. The automated discovery of recurrent patterns of structure and sequence is an essential part of this investigation. These patterns, known asprotein motifs, are abstractions of fragments drawn from proteins of known sequence and tertiary structure. This paper has two objectives. The first is to introduce and define protein motifs, and provide a survey of previous research on protein motif discovery. The second is to present and apply a novel approach to protein motif representation and discovery, which is based on aspatial description logic and the symbolic machine learning paradigm of structured concept formation. A large database of protein fragments is processed using this approach, and several interesting and significant protein motifs are discovered.
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 13 (1999), S. 345-364 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Schlagwort(e): data mining ; document filtering ; exploratory data analysis ; information retrieval ; self-organizing map ; SOM ; text document collection ; WEBSOM
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract New methods that are user-friendly and efficient are needed for guidanceamong the masses of textual information available in the Internet and theWorld Wide Web. We have developed a method and a tool called the WEBSOMwhich utilizes the self-organizing map algorithm (SOM) for organizing largecollections of text documents onto visual document maps. The approach toprocessing text is statistically oriented, computationally feasible, andscalable – over a million text documents have been ordered on a single map.In the article we consider different kinds of information needs and tasksregarding organizing, visualizing, searching, categorizing and filteringtextual data. Furthermore, we discuss and illustrate with examples howdocument maps can aid in these situations. An example is presented wherea document map is utilized as a tool for visualizing and filtering a stream ofincoming electronic mail messages.
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Information retrieval 1 (1999), S. 35-67 
    ISSN: 1573-7659
    Schlagwort(e): text summarization ; information retrieval ; natural language processing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract In many modern information retrieval applications, a common problem which arises is the existence of multiple documents covering similar information, as in the case of multiple news stories about an event or a sequence of events. A particular challenge for text summarization is to be able to summarize the similarities and differences in information content among these documents. The approach described here exploits the results of recent progress in information extraction to represent salient units of text and their relationships. By exploiting meaningful relations between units based on an analysis of text cohesion and the context in which the comparison is desired, the summarizer can pinpoint similarities and differences, and align text segments. In evaluation experiments, these techniques for exploiting cohesion relations result in summaries which (i) help users more quickly complete a retrieval task (ii) result in improved alignment accuracy over baselines, and (iii) improve identification of topic-relevant similarities and differences.
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Information retrieval 1 (1999), S. 193-216 
    ISSN: 1573-7659
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; text mining ; topic spotting ; text categorization ; knowledge management ; problem decomposition ; machine learning ; neural networks ; probabilistic models ; hierarchical models ; performance evaluation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract With the recent dramatic increase in electronic access to documents, text categorization—the task of assigning topics to a given document—has moved to the center of the information sciences and knowledge management. This article uses the structure that is present in the semantic space of topics in order to improve performance in text categorization: according to their meaning, topics can be grouped together into “meta-topics”, e.g., gold, silver, and copper are all metals. The proposed architecture matches the hierarchical structure of the topic space, as opposed to a flat model that ignores the structure. It accommodates both single and multiple topic assignments for each document. Its probabilistic interpretation allows its predictions to be combined in a principled way with information from other sources. The first level of the architecture predicts the probabilities of the meta-topic groups. This allows the individual models for each topic on the second level to focus on finer discriminations within the group. Evaluating the performance of a two-level implementation on the Reuters-22173 testbed of newswire articles shows the most significant improvement for rare classes.
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 5 (1995), S. 81-99 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): agent ; e-mail ; FTP ; HTTP ; information filtering ; information retrieval ; MIME ; mobility ; news ; NNTP ; pattern matching ; vector-distance
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper describes Rama, a first generation experimental information retrieval and filtering system that attempts to recover useful information from various Internet sources including USENIX news and anonymous FTP servers. The focus of the Rama system to date has been on building a distributed query and information retrieval system, which provides an interface to heterogeneous information services. A user of Rama sends one or more asynchronous queries to a Rama server using existing SMTP e-mail clients. The server periodically searches local and remote Internet services. Searches are prefiltered with the use of timestamps. Data objects which are newer than the timestamp are then searched via a query mechanism which relies on a combination of vector-distance, pattern matching operands, and boolean operators. Results are weighted according to how closely they match queries and are posted via e-mail to the user. Input to the e-mail client can be further filtered — one can use the MH mail system and sort input by weight. Results indicate that the current system is useful and extensible. So far we have assumed that existing e-mail systems will be used for input and output and have not attempted to construct special client interfaces. Efforts are underway to extend the system with WWW searching capabilities and construct a special WWW oriented user-interface.
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 8 (1997), S. 155-165 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; information filtering ; browsing ; user-profile ; user modeling ; stereotypes
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Computer users often experience the “lost in informationspace” syndrome. Information filtering suggests a solution based onrestricting the amount of information made available to users. Thisstudy suggests an advanced model for information filtering which isbased on a two-phase filtering process. The user profiling in themodel is constructed on the basis of the user's areas of interestand on sociological parameters about him that are known to thesystem. The system maintains a database of known stereotypes thatincludes rules on their information retrieval needs and habits.During the filtering process, the system relates the user to one ormore stereotypes and operates the appropriate stereotypic rules.
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 12 (1999), S. 5-25 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; hypermedia ; query formulation ; search support
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Navigating through a hypermedia retrieval system bears the problem of selecting an item from a large number of options available to continue the trajectory. Ranking these options according to some criterion is a method to ease the task of navigation. A number of ranking strategies have already been proposed. This paper presents a formalization of the concept of ranking, and of the aforementioned strategies. Furthermore we propose two strategies allowing a personalized approach to ranking.
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  • 18
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Multimedia tools and applications 6 (1998), S. 153-169 
    ISSN: 1573-7721
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; automated document structuring ; text analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract We present a methodology for automatically constructing structural hyperlinks in electronic technical corpora. A structural hyperlink connects components of a document that have specified structural properties with word-based content similarity. Our approach enables queries that may be posed in terms of keywords, as well as structural segments such as definitions, figures, etc.
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Multimedia tools and applications 6 (1998), S. 239-262 
    ISSN: 1573-7721
    Schlagwort(e): application development model ; application subsystem ; common functional core ; engine ; managers ; agents ; functional services ; abstract services ; applications ; information retrieval ; teleresearch in museums
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper presents a model to develop novel user applications (or services) dealing with Multimedia Information retrieval through Telecom Networks, using a core application subsystem. Once the core system is available at the Information Provider sites, different applications can be easily developed on top of the services provided by the system. A building blocks architecture is proposed to provide access to storage systems, independently of their internal per site structure. The work carried out under the RAMA Project is also described.
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 10 (1996), S. 409-439 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; logical inference ; fuzzy modal logic ; thesaurus ; learning ; relevance feedback
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Most inferential approaches to Information Retrieval (IR) have been investigated within the probabilistic framework. Although these approaches allow one to cope with the underlying uncertainty of inference in IR, the strict formalism of probability theory often confines our use of knowledge to statistical knowledge alone (e.g. connections between terms based on their co-occurrences). Human-defined knowledge (e.g. manual thesauri) can only be incorporated with difficulty. In this paper, based on a general idea proposed by van Rijsbergen, we first develop an inferential approach within a fuzzy modal logic framework. Differing from previous approaches, the logical component is emphasized and considered as the pillar in our approach. In addition, the flexibility of a fuzzy modal logic framework offers the possibility of incorporating human-defined knowledge in the inference process. After defining the model, we describe a method to incorporate a human-defined thesaurus into inference by taking user relevance feedback into consideration. Experiments on the CACM corpus using a general thesaurus of English, Wordnet, indicate a significant improvement in the system's performance.
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  • 21
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 13 (1999), S. 409-435 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Schlagwort(e): hypertext ; information filtering ; information retrieval ; resource discovery ; spectral methods ; world wide web ; www
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper discuss topic distillation, an information retrieval problemthat is emerging as a critical task for the www. Algorithms for this problemmust distill a small number of high-quality documents addressing a broadtopic from a large set of candidates.We give a review of the literature, and compare the problem with relatedtasks such as classification, clustering, and indexing. We then describe ageneral approach to topic distillation with applications to searching andpartitioning, based on the algebraic properties of matrices derived fromparticular documents within the corpus. Our method – which we call special filtering – combines the use of terms, hyperlinks and anchor-textto improve retrieval performance. We give results for broad-topic querieson the www, and also give some anecdotal results applying the sametechniques to US Supreme Court law cases, US patents, and a set of WallStreet Journal newspaper articles.
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  • 22
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Schlagwort(e): CancerLit ; concept spaces ; data mining ; Hopfield net ; information retrieval ; Kohonen net ; medical knowledge ; neural networks
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper discusses several data mining algorithms and techniques thatwe have developed at the University of Arizona Artificial Intelligence Lab.We have implemented these algorithms and techniques into severalprototypes, one of which focuses on medical information developed incooperation with the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign. We propose an architecture for medicalknowledge information systems that will permit data mining across severalmedical information sources and discuss a suite of data mining tools that weare developing to assist NCI in improving public access to and use of theirexisting vast cancer information collections.
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  • 23
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Information retrieval 1 (1999), S. 175-192 
    ISSN: 1573-7659
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; genetic algorithm ; relevance feedback
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper describes a genetic algorithm approach for intelligent information retrieval. The goal is to find an optimal set of documents which best matches the user's needs by exploring and exploiting the document space. More precisely, we define a specific genetic algorithm for information retrieval based on knowledge based operators and guided by a heuristic for relevance multi-modality problem solving. Experiments with TREC-6 French data and queries show the effectiveness of our approach.
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  • 24
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 11 (1998), S. 259-285 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): information visualization ; information retrieval ; graphical user interface ; browsing
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The explosive growth in the availability of information is overwhelming traditional information management systems. Although individual pieces of information have become easy to find, the larger context in which they exist has become harder to track. These contextual questions are ideally suited to visualization since the human visual system is remarkably adept at interpreting large quantities of information, and at detecting patterns and anomalies. The challenge is to present the information in a manner that maximally leverages our visual skills. This paper discusses a set of properties that such a presentation should have, and describes the design and functionality of VxInsight, a visualization tool built to these principles.
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  • 25
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Multimedia tools and applications 9 (1999), S. 227-249 
    ISSN: 1573-7721
    Schlagwort(e): video databases ; data and query model ; content-based retrieval ; information retrieval ; database architecture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper introduces a new approach to realize video databases. The approach consists of a VideoText data model based on free text annotations associated with logical video segments and a corresponding query language. Traditional database techniques are inadequate for exploiting queries on unstructured data such as video, supporting temporal queries, and ranking query results according to their relevance to the query. In this paper, we propose to use information retrieval techniques to provide such features and to extend the query language to accommodate interval queries that are particularly suited to video data. Algorithms are provided to show how user queries are evaluated. Finally, a generic and modular video database architecture which is based on VideoText data model is described.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 26
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 5 (1997), S. 69-81 
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Schlagwort(e): data mining ; feature extraction ; information retrieval ; Self-Organizing Map (SOM) ; text analysis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract WEBSOM is a recently developed neural method for exploring full-text document collections, for information retrieval, and for information filtering. In WEBSOM the full-text documents are encoded as vectors in a document space somewhat like in earlier information retrieval methods, but in WEBSOM the document space is formed in an unsupervised manner using the Self-Organizing Map algorithm. In this article the document representations the WEBSOM creates are shown to be computationally efficient approximations of the results of a certain probabilistic model. The probabilistic model incorporates information about the similarity of use of different words to take into account their semantic relations.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 27
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence review 10 (1996), S. 477-504 
    ISSN: 1573-7462
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; information visualization ; semantic road maps ; clustering ; neural networks ; self-organizing maps ; evaluation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Neural networks have recently been proposed for the construction of navigation interfaces for Information Retrieval systems. In this paper, we give an overview of some current research in this area. Most of the cited approaches use (variants) of the well-known Kohonen network. The Kohonen network implements a topology-preserving dimensionality-reducing mapping, which can be applied for information visualization. We identify a number of problems in the application of Kohonen networks for Information Retrieval, most notably scalability, reliability and retrieval effectiveness. To solve these problems we propose to use the Growing Cell Structures network, a variant of the Kohonen network which shows a more flexible adaptation to the domain structure. This network was tested on two standard test-collections, using a combined recall and precision measure, and compared to traditional IR methods such as the Vector Space Model and various clustering algorithms. The network performs at a competitive level of effectiveness, and is suitable for visualization purposes. However, the incremental training procedures for the networks result in a reliability problem, and the approach is computationally intensive. Also, the utility of the resulting maps for navigation will need further improvement.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 28
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 5 (1995), S. 101-119 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): agent ; commitment ; reactive planning ; heterogeneous networks ; information retrieval ; negotiation ; multiple agents ; coordination
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract This paper describes a multiple agent system for distributed planning, specifically for intelligent network information retrieval. The system consists of a set of reactive agents located at each information- or capability-provider site plus an agent to track each information request. The agents negotiate with each other to assemble a distributed plan for satisfaction of each information need and each agent also interfaces with local retrieval and data processing functions. The idea of an implicit commitment is presented as providing a way to enable automated coordination of resources (information and capabilities) localized among heterogeneous agents. The advantages of a “shared machine” implemented by such a commitment protocol are discussed and an implementation called TRACS for retrieval and assembly of satellite image data is presented.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 29
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 5 (1995), S. 183-209 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): information retrieval ; user profiles ; knowledge acquisition ; adaptive query translation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract In this paper, we advance a technique to develop a user profile for information retrieval through knowledge acquisition techniques. The profile bridges the discrepancy between user-expressed keywords and system-recognizable index terms. The approach presented in this paper is based on the application of personal construct theory to determine a user's vocabulary and his/her view of different documents in a training set. The elicited knowledge is used to develop a model for each phrase/concept given by the user by employing machine learning techniques. Our model correlates the concepts in a user's vocabulary to the index terms present in the documents in the training set. Computation of dependence between the user phrases also contributes in the development of the user profile and in creating a classification of documents. The resulting system is capable of automatically identifying the user concepts and query translation to index terms computed by the conventional indexing process. The system is evaluated by using the standard measures of precision and recall by comparing its performance against the performance of the smart system for different queries.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 30
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent information systems 7 (1996), S. 287-306 
    ISSN: 1573-7675
    Schlagwort(e): information filtering ; information retrieval ; ranking ; similarity measure
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract An information-filtering system collects incoming data of specific interests described in a server profile. These systems can export their collections by submitting their profiles to a directory server, where users can query for relevant systems to answer their requests. We develop a new similarity measure to rank information-filtering systems for Boolean queries. Users can send queries to the top-ranked systems and obtain most of the relevant information. In contrast to an existing method developed by Radecki, our method requires less time and space complexity and has better recall and precision for higher-ranked systems.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 31
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Multimedia tools and applications 4 (1997), S. 333-356 
    ISSN: 1573-7721
    Schlagwort(e): benchmarking ; multimedia database ; information retrieval ; hypermedia ; context-based retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Multimedia technologies are being adopted both in the professional and commercial world with great enthusiasm. This has led to a significant interest in the research and development of multimedia databases. However, none of these efforts have really addressed the issues related to the benchmarking of multimedia databases. We analyze the problem of benchmarking multimedia databases in this paper and suggest a methodology.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 32
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems 2 (1999), S. 65-86 
    ISSN: 1573-7454
    Schlagwort(e): Information agent ; information integration ; information retrieval ; ranked retrieval ; similarity ; information extraction
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract The degree to which information sources are pre-processed by Web-based information systems varies greatly. In search engines like Altavista, little pre-processing is done, while in “knowledge integration” systems, complex site-specific “wrappers” are used to integrate different information sources into a common database representation. In this paper we describe an intermediate point between these two models. In our system, information sources are converted into a highly structured collection of small fragments of text. Database-like queries to this structured collection of text fragments are approximated using a novel logic called WHIRL, which combines inference in the style of deductive databases with ranked retrieval methods from information retrieval (IR). WHIRL allows queries that integrate information from multiple Web sites, without requiring the extraction and normalization of object identifiers that can be used as keys; instead, operations that in conventional databases require equality tests on keys are approximated using IR similarity metrics for text. This leads to a reduction in the amount of human engineering required to field a knowledge integration system. Experimental evidence is given showing that many information sources can be easily modeled with WHIRL, and that inferences in the logic are both accurate and efficient.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 33
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems 2 (1999), S. 271-286 
    ISSN: 1573-7454
    Schlagwort(e): Intranet ; document management ; document lifecycle ; information retrieval
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Informatik
    Notizen: Abstract Document management inside an organization is a complex and broadly scoped problem. This paper approaches the technical and social issues of Intranet document management by developing a straightforward document lifecycle model consisting of five phases: creation, publication, organization, access, and destruction. A document management system (DMS) which encompasses these areas should also have an evaluation component so its effectiveness can be measured. The document lifecycle is visualized as a waterfall model to help explore the discrete phases of an idealized Intranet DMS. The discussion of this model pinpoints where traditional DMS have fallen short, most notably in the areas of user-to-user and user-to-evaluator communication and coordination. From the document lifecycle, we derive an agent framework to integrate technical and social considerations and guide the design, implementation, and evaluation of a flexible and efficient DMS. The lifecycle model and agent framework are useful to organize both technical and social perspectives in this area.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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