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  • 1
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    On the Forecasting of Ground-Motion Parameters for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: It is well understood that the range of application for an empirical ground-motion prediction model is constrained by the range of predictor variables covered in the data used in the analysis. However, in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), the limits in the application of ground-motion prediction models (GMPMs) are often ignored, and the empirical relationships are extrapolated. In this paper, we show that this extrapolation leads to a quantifiable increment in the uncertainty of a GMPM when it is used to forecast a future value of a given intensity parameter. This increment, which is clearly of epistemic nature, depends on the adopted functional form, on the covariance matrix of the regression coefficients, on the used regression technique, and on the quality of the data set. In addition, through some examples using the database of the Next Generation of Ground-Motion Attenuation Models project and some currently favored functional forms we study the increment in the seismic hazard produced by the extrapolation of GMPMs.
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake engineering ; extrapolation ; matrix algebra ; probability ; regression analysis ; structural engineering
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
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    Pipeline Vulnerability of Adapazarı during the 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, Earthquake (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: Vulnerability of water pipelines in the city of Adapazarı during the 1999 Kocaeli earthquake (Mw = 7.4) is investigated in an attempt to provide a comparison of the observed damage with that which was predicted using empirical methods. The water supply pipeline system in Adapazarı experienced extensive damage during the 1999 earthquake. The main damage was observed on the distribution pipelines primarily due to ground deformations associated with liquefaction and softening of alluvial sediments. Recently, an updated pipeline damage inventory was compiled based on repair reports and interviews with waterworks personnel who worked in Adapazarı during that period. Vulnerability analysis for pipelines is carried out, first by evaluating earthquake characteristics on the ground surface based on site-specific response analyses and then by estimating pipeline damage by means of empirical functions. Agreement between the predicted and the observed damage distribution indicates the importance of site-specific permanent ground deformation (PGD) effects on pipeline vulnerability.
    Schlagwort(e): condition monitoring ; deformation ; earthquake engineering ; pipelines ; structural engineering
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
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    Static Pushover Analysis Based on an Energy-Equivalent SDOF System (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: In this paper, a new energy-based pushover procedure is presented in order to achieve an approximate estimation of structural performance under strong earthquakes. The steps of the proposed methodology are quite similar to those of the well-known displacement modification method. However, the determination of the characteristics of the equivalent single−degree−of−freedom (E-SDOF) system is based on a different rational concept. Its main idea is to determine the E-SDOF system by equating the external work of the lateral loads acting on the multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) system under consideration to the strain energy of the E-SDOF system. After a brief outline of the theoretical background, a representative numerical example is given. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated by an extensive parametric study which shows that, in general, it provides better results compared to those produced by other similar procedures.
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake engineering ; stress analysis ; structural engineering
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
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    Design Seismic Demands from Seismic Response Analyses: A Probability-Based Approach (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
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    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: Earthquake-resistant design guidelines commonly prescribe that when conducting seismic response analyses: (i) a minimum of three ground motions can be used; (ii) if less than seven ground motions are considered, the maximum of the responses should be used in design; and (iii) if seven or more ground motions are considered the average of the responses should be used in design. Such guidelines attempt to predict the mean seismic response from a limited number of analyses, but are based on judgment without a sound, yet pragmatic, theoretical basis. This paper presents a rational approach for determining design seismic demands based on the results of seismic response analyses. The proposed method uses the 84th percentile of the distribution of the sample mean seismic demand as the design seismic demand. This approach takes into account: (i) the number of ground motions considered; (ii) how the ground motions are selected and scaled; and (iii) the differing variability in estimating different types of seismic response parameters. A simple analytic function gives a ratio which, when multiplied by the mean response obtained from the seismic response analyses, gives the value to be used in design, thus making the proposed approach suitable for routine design implementation.
    Schlagwort(e): design engineering ; earthquake engineering ; probability ; structural engineering
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
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    A Quantitative Basis for Building Instrumentation Specifications (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: A quantitative basis for key building instrumentation specifications—namely, sample rate, system resolution, and time synchronization—is established by quantifying the sensitivities of engineering demand parameters of peak floor acceleration and peak interstory drift to the errors associated with data acquisition. Details of the realistic simulation and digitization of structural responses are provided and automation of the seemingly signal-dependent procedure of high-pass digital filtering of relative displacements obtained by double numerical integration of accelerations is presented. Results from these studies, along with prior results from similar sensitivity analyses with respect to intensity measures of peak ground acceleration, peak ground velocity, and peak spectral acceleration, are used to recommend potential updates to structural instrumentation specifications of major strong-motion instrumentation programs.
    Schlagwort(e): acceleration measurement ; data acquisition ; digital filters ; earthquake engineering ; floors ; high-pass filters ; integration ; intensity measurement ; structural engineering ; velocity measurement
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
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    Seismic Resistance of RC Bent Caps in Elevated Mass Transit Structures (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: This paper presents a study of the seismic resistance of two reinforced concrete cap beams in existing elevated guideway structures constructed in the 1960s. One beam has a regular configuration and the other has an irregular configuration. For each beam type, a half-scale model was designed, constructed, and tested. The irregular beam tested had a larger depth and a higher quantity of main longitudinal steel. While the regular beam had spiral confinement extending into the beam-to-column joint, the irregular beam did not. The beams were subjected to simultaneous bending, shear, and torsion in the tests, with the torsion induced by the vertical eccentricity of the horizontal load exerted at the top face of the beams. The test results underscore the importance of confinement steel in the beam-to- column joint of a cap beam and the critical role of the longitudinal reinforcement in the beams for torsional resistance. A numerical parametric study has been conducted with nonlinear finite element and strut-and-tie models, which have been validated with the experimental results. The study has indicated that the seismic load resistance of a cap beam can decrease with a reduced gravity load, which is an important consideration for design.
    Schlagwort(e): beams (structures) ; bending ; construction components ; earthquake engineering ; finite element analysis ; mechanical guides ; nonlinear equations ; reinforced concrete ; steel
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
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    Sequential Propagation of Seismic Fragility across Interdependent Lifeline Systems (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: Realistic models of service networks must consider the evolution of interactions with external systems to evaluate emergent response effects on individual network performance. This paper introduces a new dynamic methodology for the assessment of systemic fragility propagation across interdependent networks subjected to seismic action that improves existing static methodologies. Interdependencies are discrete, unidirectional relationships between elements of distinct networks, which are able to influence response evolution from transient to steady-state stages. Comparisons of systemic fragility curves results for isolated and interdependent power and water networks display the importance of interdependence strength and density properties. For the test water network, inter-systemic failure propagation increases its connectivity loss by up to 24%, while high interdependence strengths make the median fragility rise up to 56.2%. In contrast, reductions of interdependence density improve the median water fragility up to 81.7%. Insights obtained from this model, and its associated sequential fragility algorithm, reveal complex coupling patterns and interdependence-based mitigation strategies that are essential for lifeline system management.
    Schlagwort(e): earthquake engineering ; maintenance engineering ; water supply
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
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    Seismic Performance of a Concrete Bridge Bent Consisting of Three Steel Shell Columns (2011)
    Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-03-31
    Beschreibung: This paper describes the performance of a full-scale, three-column concrete bridge bent test unit that was designed, constructed, and tested under simulated in- plane seismic loads. Representing a typical bent configuration used by the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities, the test unit employed 12.7-mm-thick steel shell concrete columns and evaluated adequacy of an improved beam-to-column joint design procedure. The steel shell served as the external reinforcement and formwork for the columns. As intended, plastic hinges were fully developed in the columns adjacent to the interface with the cap beam, with minimal damage occurring to the cap beam and joints due to simulated seismic actions. These observations, along with the recorded force-displacement hysteretic response, confirmed the desirable seismic performance of the test unit. Design details, analytical response, test observations, key experimental results, and design recommendations are presented.
    Schlagwort(e): beams (structures) ; bending ; bridges (structures) ; earthquake engineering ; fasteners ; mechanical testing ; reinforced concrete ; shells (structures) ; steel
    Print ISSN: 8755-2930
    Thema: Architektur, Bauingenieurwesen, Vermessung , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI)
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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