ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

X
feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (552)
  • ddc:330
  • 1980-1984  (552)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (552)
  • 1
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar system history as recorded in the Saturnian ring structure (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Holberg's analysis of the Voyager Saturn photographs in reflected and transparent light, and occultation data of stars seen through the rings are discussed. A hyperfine structure with 10,000 ringlets can be explained by the Baxter-Thompson negative diffusion. This gives the ringlets a stability which makes it possible to interpret them as fossils which originated at cosmogonic times. It is shown that the bulk structure can be explained by the combined cosmogonic shadows of the satellites Mimas and Janus and the Shepherd satellites. This structure originated at the transition from the plasma phase to the planetesimal phase. The shadows are not simple void regions but exhibit a characteristic signature. Parts of the fine structure, explained by Holberg as resonances with satellites, are interpreted as cosmogonic shadow effects. However, there are a number of ringlets which can neither be explained by cosmogonic nor by resonance effects. Analysis of ring data can reconstruct the plasma-planetesimal transition with an accuracy of a few percent. Previously announced in STAR as N84-12013
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 97; 1, No; 79-94
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stability of streams and lakes on Mars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The freezing of small Martian streams is modelled for a variety of climatic conditions, on the supposition that the Martian atmosphere may have been considerably thicker in the past, at the time of the formation of the valley networks. This model examines the energy balance at the upper and lower surfaces of ice on streams, in order to determine the rate at which ice thickens with time. Results indicate that freezing rates are not strongly dependent on atmospheric pressure, and, under windy conditions, dependence on atmospheric pressure is even weaker. It is noted that the main problem in valley formation is in initiating the flow. Groundwater seepage alone is inadequate, due to the difficulty of groundwater system replenishment.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 56; 476-495
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Large amplitude MHD waves upstream of the Jovian bow shock (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of large amplitude MHD waves upstream of Jupiter's bow shock are analyzed. The waves are found to be right circularly polarized in the solar wind frame, which suggests that they are propagating in the fast magnetosonic mode. A complete spectral and minimum variance eigenvalue analysis of the data was performed. The power spectrum of the magnetic fluctuations contains several peaks. The fluctuations at 2.3 MHz have a direction of minimum variance anti-parallel to the direction of the average magnetic field. Several harmonics at 6, 9, and 12 MHz are also present. The direction of minimum variance of these fluctuations lies at approximately 40 deg to the magnetic field. It is argued that these fluctuations are waves excited by protons reflected off the Jovian bow shock. The inferred speed of the reflected protons is about two times the solar wind speed in the solar wind frame. A linear instability analysis is presented that suggests an explanation for many of the observed features of the observations. The fluctuations apparently contain a significant fraction of magnetic energy that is linearly polarized and in the Alfven mode.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 9989-999
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Light element geochemistry and spallogenesis in lunar rocks (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Abundance and isotopic compositions are measured for the very volatile elements carbon, nitrogen and sulfur in 11 lunar rocks representing a wide spectrum of textures and compositions. Samples were combusted sequentially at three temperatures in order to remove terrestrial contaminants before melting the lunar rock and liberating lunar volatiles. The combustion results indicate very little terrestrial sulfur contamination, with sulfur contents correlated with the TiO2 contents of the basalts analyzed. Sulfur isotopic compositions are remarkably uniform and similar to the Canon Diablo meteorite standard. Nitrogen levels are found to be no greater than those obtained with procedural blanks, corresponding to abundances less than 0.1 microg/g. Stable nitrogen isotope measurements indicate a spallogenic N-15 production rate of 4.1 x 10 to the -6th microg N-15/g sample/million years, in agreement with previous estimates. No indigenous carbon in excess of procedural blank levels of about 0.7 microg/g is found in lunar basalts. Levels of 1 to 5 microg/g found in highland rocks may derive from meteoritic or terrestrial sources. The average measured spallogenic C-13 production rate is 4.1 x 10 to the -6th microg C-13/g sample/million years.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta (ISSN 0016-7037); 47; 1769-178
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The flux and source of energetic protons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The flux of energetic protons in Saturn's inner magnetosphere was observed in two channels from 48 to 63 and 63 to 160 MeV. Absorption features due to the G ring and the satellites Enceladus and Mimas were easily identifiable. The flux observed in the absorption slot of Mimas can be maintained by the decay of a cosmic ray albedo neutron flux of 0.007/sq cm/s/sr. This flux is entirely consistent with calculations of the neutron flux produced by galactic cosmic ray interactions with the rings of Saturn. The omnidirectional proton flux of 0.0082/sq cm/s at 2.734 R sub s requires a residence time of 30 years. Both the residence time and the energy spectrum are comparable to those found in the inner radiation belt of the Earth. The angular distribution is nearly isotropic in the Mimas slot and beyond 4R sub s. Otherwise the pitch angle distribution is pancake and is approximated by sin(n)theta with n in the range 2 to 7. This distribution is consistent with an isotropic neutron source in the ring plane. Previously announced in STAR as N83-22084
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8923-893
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Survey of low-energy plasma electrons in Saturn's magnetosphere - Voyagers 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The low energy plasma electron environment within Saturn's magnetosphere was surveyed by the Plasma Science Experiment (PLS) during the Voyager encounters with Saturn. Over the full energy range of the PLS instrument (10 eV to 6 keV) the electron distribution functions are clearly non-Maxwellian in character; they are composed of a cold (thermal) component with Maxwellian shape and a hot (suprathermal) non-Maxwellian component. A large scale positive radial gradient in electron temperature is observed, increasing from less than 1 eV in the inner magnetosphere to as high as 800 eV in the outer magnetosphere. Three fundamentally different plasma regimes were identified from the measurements: (1) the hot outer magnetosphere, (2) the extended plasma sheet, and (3) the inner plasma torus. Previously announced in STAR as N83-34872
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8847-887
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Z3 zonal harmonic model of Saturn's magnetic field Analyses and implications (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The planetary magnetic field of Saturn has been studied by the spacecraft Pioneer 11 in 1979, Voyager 1 in 1980, and Voyager 2 in 1981. The field is found to be primarily dipolar and axially coincident with the rotation axis, but with significant quadrupole and octupole moments. The harmonic terms are g1(0) = 21535 nT, g2(0) = 1642 nT, and g3(0) = 2743 nT. This model field, Z3, in conjunction with a model for an equatorial ring current, represents very precisely the in situ magnetic-field measurements and data on charged-particle absorption by satellites and rings within 8 Saturn radii of the planet. However, this axisymmetric model fails to explain the periodic modulation of Saturn's kilometric radiation or Saturn's electrostatic discharges. This enigma of Saturn's magnetosphere remains unsolved in spite of extensive reconsideration of all available data bearing on this issue.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8771-877
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Photometry and polarimetry of Saturn at 2640 and 7500 A (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager 2 photometric and polarimetric data are reduced and tabulated, with spatially resolved limb-to-terminator scans across Saturn's equatorial zone providing information on the altitude distribution of UV-absorbing hazes, together with the phase function and polarizing properties of stratospheric and tropospheric aerosols. It is found that the UV photometry and polarimetry are best fit by Rayleigh's phase matrix. A stratospheric haze of small particles is allowed as long as the optical depth is near unity or less, and the center of the haze layer is in the 30 to 70 mbar region. The altitudes presently derived for three latitudes agree with those obtained by ground-based methane band studies and analyses from Pioneer 11. A high altitude absorber is abundant in the polar regions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8679-869
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Morphology and chemistry of projectile residue in small experimental impact craters (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Small-scale impact craters (5-7 mm in diameter) were produced with a light gas gun in high purity Au and Cu targets using soda lime glass (SL) and man-made basalt glass (BG) as projectiles. Maximum impact velocity was 6.4 km/s resulting in peak pressures of approximately 120-150 GPa. Copious amounts of projectile melts are preserved as thin glass liners draping the entire crater cavity; some of this liner may be lost by spallation, however. SEM investigations reveal complex surface textures including multistage flow phenomena and distinct temporal deposition sequences of small droplets. Inasmuch as some of the melts were generated at peak pressures greater than 120 GPa, these glasses represent the most severely shocked silicates recovered from laboratory experiments to date. Major element analyses reveal partial loss of alkalis; Na2O loss of 10-15 percent is observed, while K2O loss may be as high as 30-50 percent. Although the observed volatile loss in these projectile melts is significant, it still remains uncertain whether target melts produced on planetary surfaces are severely fractionated by selective volatilization processes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B353-B36
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The production curve for agglutinates in planetary regoliths (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Models for the production of agglutinates are developed that can be applied to the lunar surface or to any planetary or asteroidal body lacking an atmosphere. Models are developed using rate equations for progressively more complex situations and range from Model 1, which is a simple linear increase of agglutinate content with time, to Model 4, which includes provision for recycling of existing agglutinates and replenishment and burial of exposed soil. Model 4 has some aspects of a steady state because, depending on the rate constants, agglutinate content may be limited to an intermediate value, even for long exposure times. In an extreme case, agglutinate content may be limited to a value near zero. These models predict that agglutinates should be low in abundance in areas of thin regolith, such as the Lunokhod-2 site on the moon, and on asteroids. The models may also help explain the apparent low agglutinate abundances of lunar regolith breccias and meteorite regolith breccias.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B193-B19
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 11
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ancient crustal components in the Fra Mauro breccias (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Texturally pristine clasts preserve primary petrographic relationships and mineral compositions, yielding insights into igneous processes of the early lunar crust that cannot be gained from highly shocked and brecciated 'chemically pristine' samples. The use of texture as a prime criterion allows for expansion of the data base derived solely from chemical criteria, and provides complementary data. Texturally pristine clasts from the Apollo 14 site studied here include anorthosite, troctolites, gabbronorites, and basalts. Alkali anorthosites are plagioclase orthocumulates and may form by flotation in Mg-suite plutons. Ferroan anorthosite was cataclastically deformed and metamorphosed to granulite facies. Troctolites include both 01 + Plg and 01 + En + Plg cumulates. Major and trace element analyses of two troctolites reveal 'eastern' geochemical affinities that contrast other 'western' troctolites. Gabbronorites are Pig + Plg + or - Sp cumulates whose parent magmas may range from high-Al to intermediate-Ti mare basalt. At least three varieties of mare basalt are found at Apollo 14: high-Al, low-Ti; low-Al, intermediate-Ti; and low-Al, Ti VHK basalt. VHK (Very High Potassium) basalt is a new variety indigenous to Apollo 14.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B177-B19
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 12
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    An upper bound on the radius of a highly electrically conducting lunar core (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Parker's (1980) nonlinear inverse theory for the electromagnetic sounding problem is converted to a form suitable for analysis of lunar day-side transfer function data by: (1) transforming the solution in plane geometry to that in spherical geometry; and (2) transforming the theoretical lunar transfer function in the dipole limit to an apparent resistivity function. The theory is applied to the revised lunar transfer function data set of Hood et al. (1982), which extends in frequency from 10 to the -5th to 10 to the -3rd Hz. On the assumption that an iron-rich lunar core, whether molten or solid, can be represented by a perfect conductor at the minimum sampled frequency, an upper bound of 435 km on the maximum radius of such a core is calculated. This bound is somewhat larger than values of 360-375 km previously estimated from the same data set via forward model calculations because the prior work did not consider all possible mantle conductivity functions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research, Supplement (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; B97-B102
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 13
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Atmospheric tides on Venus. III - The planetary boundary layer (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Diurnal solar heating of Venus' surface produces variable temperatures, winds, and pressure gradients within a shallow layer at the bottom of the atmosphere. The corresponding asymmetric mass distribution experiences a tidal torque tending to maintain Venus' slow retrograde rotation. It is shown that including viscosity in the boundary layer does not materially affect the balance of torques. On the other hand, friction between the air and ground can reduce the predicted wind speeds from about 5 to about 1 m/sec in the lower atmosphere, more consistent with the observations from Venus landers and descent probes. Implications for aeolian activity on Venus' surface and for future missions are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 56; 165-175
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 14
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Structure and dynamics of Saturn's outer magnetosphere and boundary regions (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In 1979-1981, the three USA spacecraft Pioneer 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2 discovered and explored the magnetosphere of Saturn to the limited extent possible on flyby trajectories. Considerable variation in the locations of the bow shock (BS) and magnetopause (MP) surfaces were observed in association with variable solar wind conditions and, during the Voyager 2 encounter, possible immersion in Jupiter's distant magnetic tail. The limited number of BS and MP crossings were concentrated near the subsolar region and the dawn terminator, and that fact, together with the temporal variability, makes it difficult to assess the three dimensional shape of the sunward magnetospheric boundary. The combined BS and MP crossing positions from the three spacecraft yield an average BS-to-MP stagnation point distance ratio of 1.29 +/- 0.10. This is near the 1.33 value for the Earth's magnetosphere, implying a similar sunward shape at Saturn. Study of the structure and dynamical behavior of the outer magnetosphere, both in the sunward hemisphere and the magnetotail region using combined plasma and magnetic field data, suggest that Saturn's magnetosphere is more similar to that of Earth than that of Jupiter. Previously announced in STAR as N83-30346
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8791-880
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Channels and valleys on Mars (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Tentative conclusions about the origins of channels and valleys on Mars based on the consensus of investigators who have studied the problem are presented. The morphology of outflow channels is described in detail, and the morphology, distribution, and genesis of Martian valleys are addressed. Secondary modification of channels and valleys by mass-wasting phenomena, eolian processes, cratering, and mantling by lava flows is discussed. The physics of the flows needed to account for the immense volumes of Martian outflow channels is considered in detail, including the possible influence of debris flows and mudflows, glaciers, and ice sheets. It is concluded that Mars once probably possessed an atmosphere with higher temperatures and pressures than at present which played an essential role in an active hydrological cycle.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geological Society of America, Bulletin (ISSN 0016-7606); 94; 1035-105
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 16
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Three Mars years - Viking Lander 1 imaging observations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Mutch Memorial Station (Viking Lander 1) on Mars acquired imaging and meteorological data over a period of 2245 martian days (3.3 martian years). This article discusses the deposition and erosion of thin deposits (ten to hundreds of micrometers) of bright red dust associated with global dust storms, and the removal of centimeter amounts of material in selected areas during a dust storm late in the third winter. Atmospheric pressure data acquired during the period of intense erosion imply that baroclinic disturbances and strong diurnal solar tidal heating combined to produce strong winds. Erosion occurred principally in areas where soil cohesion was reduced by earlier surface sampler activities. Except for redistribution of thin layers of materials, the surface appears to be remarkably stable, perhaps because of cohension of the undisturbed surface material.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 222; 463-468
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 17
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Stability and capture of asteroids (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The problem of stability of asteroids is treated from the point of view of Hill's stability-concept and using Lyapunov's Characteristic Numbers. The quantitative measure of stability (S) introduced earlier is evaluated for over 300 asteroids and a surprisingly simple relation is established between the semi-major axes of some of the asteroids' orbits and S. A detailed analysis is presented of the Lyapunov Characteristic Numbers for two minor planets and the time-variation of these numbers is discussed. The technology of capture of asteroids is vitally dependent on their orbital stability, therefore, these two problems, i.e., capture and stability, are closely related. In fact, some predictable instabilities may be properly utilized to capture and/or change asteroidal orbits to accomplish collisions with the Earth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Sao Paulo Univ. The Motion of Planets and Nat. and Artificial Satellites, Volume 2; p 39-46
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 18
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    A Sr and Nd isotopic study of five Yamato polymict eucrites and a comparison to other Antarctic and ordinary eucrites (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Sr and Nd isotopic analysis of five Yamato polymict eucrites indicate that these samples formed at about 4.6 Ga ago with initial Sr and Nd ratios essentially the same as the analyzed non-Antarctic eucrites. The Yamato eucrites have Sr, Sm, and Nd concentrations that consistently lie among the highest found in eucritic samples. This characteristic identifies these Yamato samples as a closely related group. Comparisons between these Yamato samples and other Antarctic polymict eucrites clearly estabishes that they all share some characteristic trace element features. Comparisons of Antarctic polymict eucrites with non-Antarctic ordinary eucrites reveal consistent differences. The most obvious is an enrichment of Rb in the polymict eucrites. These comparisons suggest that the Antarctic polymict eucrites belong to a single large family of material that is itself fairly diverse and distinct from the non-Antarctic eucrites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: National Institute of Polar Research, Memoirs, Special Issue (ISSN 0386-0744); 30, D
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 19
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Condensation of chondrules (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Analysis of current experimental results concerned with the kinetic constraints on chondrule formation showed that the major physical properties of chondrules could have been produced by direct condensation of metastable liquid silicates droplets from a hot gas in the primordial nebula. It is argued that such a condensation process would have to be followed by crystallization, accretion, and partial comminution of the droplets. The chemical mechanisms driving this process are described, including: nucleation constraints on comminution and crystallization; slow transformations and chemical reactions in chain silicates; and the slow diffusion of ions. It is shown that the physical mechanisms for chondrule condensation are applicable to a broad spectrum of chondrule sources.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 20
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    External control of planetary radio emission (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Recent studies using data from Voyagers 1 and 2 to correlate variations in the Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) with changes in solar-wind properties are summarized and illustrated with graphs. Best SKR correlations have been obtained with the solar-wind ram pressure and the related kinetic energy flux. It is pointed out that the related phenomenon on earth, the auroral kilometric radiation, occurs mainly in the nightside auroral region (as opposed to the dayside cleft region for SKR) and is best correlated with solar-wind velocity and inverted-V electron-precipitation events, implying a different stimulation process. The evidence for solar-wind control of the non-Io-related decametric radiation of Jupiter is also reviewed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Oesterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Sitzungsberichte, Abteilung 2 (ISSN 0723-9319); 192; 8-10,
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 21
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Bibliography (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A bibliography of articles entered into the data base at the Lunar and Planetary Institute Library from November 1982 through January 1983 is presented. An abstract of each article is given. The subjects covered by the articles include: the motion of the moon and dynamics of the earth-moon system: shape and gravity field of the moon; the physical structure of the moon, its thermal and stress history; the morphology of the lunar surface, the origin and stratigraphy of lunar formations, and mapping of the moon; the chemical composition of the moon, lunar petrology, mineralogy, and crystallography; electromagnetic properties of the moon; the planets; and other objects, including asteroids, comets, meteorites, and cosmic dust.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Moon and the Planets (ISSN 0165-0807); 29; 237-327
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 22
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Atmospheric storm explanation of saturnian electrostatic discharges (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Saturn electrostatic discharges (SED) monitored by the Voyager 1 were investigated to determine the source of the phenomena. Consideration has been given to two sources: the atmosphere at equatorial latitudes, where the cloud-top wind velocities correspond to the Saturn 10 hr 10 min rotation period; and the rings at 1.8 Saturn radius. The data were analyzed in terms of time and frequency, revealing a time-varying frequency, few detectable discharges outside of a low threshold, and the appearances and disappearances of the SED with no correlation with frequency. The periodicity of the SED episodes indicated that the source was occulted between revolutions, which ruled out the ring source. The SED signals were only detected on the dayside, suggesting the signals propagated through the dayside ionosphere. Diurnal variations in the ion densities could prohibit the signals from escaping on the nightside, a factor supported by detection of low frequency SED only during close passage of the Voyager. Ray tracing experiments have demonstrated that storm sources have emissions observable with the storm on the limb at the observed 30-40 MHz interval.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 303; May 5
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 23
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Speculation on Martian north polar wind circulation and the resultant orientations of polar sand dunes (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: When seen at frost cap minimum, Martian north polar erg dunes north of 80 deg N record east winds, while those south of that latitude record west winds. Many of the transverse dunes are considered to be reversing dunes, and dunes in the two fields may have reversed at least once during the lifetime of the Viking Orbiters. It is proposed that the average polar winds are strong, off-pole northwest winds in the fall, moderate west winds in winter, latitude-dependent weak-to-strong off-pole northeast winds in spring, and weak west winds in summer, as has been largely confirmed by Viking images of near polar clouds. Over millenia, the combination of reversing west and east winds could produce the biomodal distributions of dune orientations observed at the north pole.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 24
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Formation and photochemistry of methylamine in Jupiter's atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere of Jupiter, translationally hot H atoms are produced in the photolysis of ammonia, phospine, and acetylene which react with methane to form methyl radicals. The latter combine with NH2 to form methylamine. It is presently shown that the combined production of methylamine and subsequent photolysis to HCN is unlikely to account for the HCN observed near Jupiter's tropopause. The recommendation of NH2 and C2H3 radicals to yield C2H5N, followed by photolysis to HCN, is the preferred path. An upper limit column density on CH3PH2 is estimated to be about 10 to the 13th/sq cm, as compared to 10 to the 15th/sq cm for CH3NH2.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 25
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Modeling of the 10-micron natural laser emission from the mesospheres of Mars and Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The NLTE radiative transfer problem is solved to obtain the 00 deg 1 vibrational state population. This model successfully reproduces the existing center-to-limb observations, although higher spatial resolution observations are needed for a definitive test. The model also predicts total fluxes which are close to the observed values. The strength of the emission is predicted to be closely related to the instantaneous near-IR solar heating rate.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 26
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Observations of the 10-micron natural laser emission from the mesospheres of Mars and Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of the total flux and center to limb dependence of the nonthermal emission occurring in the cores of the 9.4 and 10.4 micrometers CO2 bands on Mars are compared to a theoretical model based on this mechanism. The model successfully reproduces the observed center to limb dependence of this emission, to within the limits imposed by the spatial resolution of the observations of Mars and Venus. The observed flux from Mars agrees closely with the prediction of the model; the flux observed from Venus is 74 percent of the flux predicted by the model. This emission is used to obtain the kinetic temperatures of the Martian and Venusian mesospheres. For Mars near 70 km altitude, a rotational temperature analysis using five lines gives T = 135 + or - 20 K. The frequency width of the emission is also analyzed to derive a temperature of 126 + or - 6 K. In the case of the Venusian mesosphere near 109 km, the frequency width of the emission gives T = 204 + or - 10 K.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 27
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Some dynamical properties of vortex streets in Saturn's atmosphere from analyses of Voyager images (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The first observations of a vortex street in an atmosphere other than that of the earth are presented, made from a sequence of images of Saturn taken by Voyager 2 in August 1981. The analysis of these images shows that the feature sits at the maximum of the westward jet and suggests that it may be produced by material rising up from below the level of the visible clouds.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 28
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ferromagnetic resonance and magnetic properties of ALHA 81005 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Seven chips of primarily matrix material from the Antarctic meteorite ALHA 81005 were analyzed by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) and magnetic hysteresis techniques. The FMR spectra of two chips have a resonance at g of about 2.1 that resembles the g of about 2.1 resonance that is characteristic of lunar soils. Thus the FMR spectra are consistent with the lunar regolith being a progenitor for the matrix material. For the two chips, the FMR surface exposure (maturity) index was about 5 units, which is equivalent to a value for an immature lunar soil. The total concentration of metallic iron is on the order of 0.11 equivalent wt. pct, which is within the observed range for Apollo 16 rocks and soils.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 29
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Recent cosmic ray exposure history of ALHA 81005 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of the Be-10 and Al-26 contents of ALHA 81005 constrain the length and conditions of its exposure to cosmic rays. Calculations based on one-step irradition models imply that the time spent by this object in space is shorter than that spent by most 'asteroidal' meteorites. On the other hand the results are readily consistent with a lunar origin for ALHA 81005.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 30
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Trapped noble gases indicate lunar origin for Antarctic meteorite (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The isotopic abundances of the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) are reported for Antarctic ALHA 81005. It contains solar wind-implanted gases whose absolute and relative concentrations are quite similar to lunar regolith samples but not to other meteorites. ALHA 81005 also contains a large excess Ar-40 component which is identical to the component in lunar fines implanted from the lunar atmosphere. Large concentrations of cosmogenic Ne-21, Kr-82, and Xe-126 in ALHA 81005 indicate a total cosmic ray exposure age of at least 200 million years. The noble gas data alone are strong evidence for a lunar origin of this meteorite.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 31
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Tunguska event - No cometary signature in evidence (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is suggested that existing data on the 1908 Tunguska fall precludes an interpretation of the object as an either active or extinct comet fragment. Because a fireball of the Tunguska mass is not efficiently decelerated by the earth's atmosphere, it would at an entry velocity of about 30 km/sec have had to resist aerodynamic pressures greater than one billon dyn/sq cm before disintegrating. The inherently extremely fragile cometary material could not have survived a load of this magnitude. The data on Type II fireballs with prominent terminal flares are extrapolated, to estimate Tunguska's critical dynamic pressure at the same time of explosion as being of the order of 200 million dyn/sq cm, and its preexplosion velocity as about 10 km/sec, thereby ruling out a comet-like orbit. The Tunguska object is most consistently described as a small Apollo-type asteroid, 90-190 m across.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 88; Sept
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 32
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Radio emission signature of Saturn immersions in Jupiter's magnetic tail (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: During the interval from about May through August 1981, when Voyager 2 was inbound to Saturn, the Planetary Radio Astronomy instrument measured repeated, dramatic decreases in the intensity of the Saturn Kilometric Radiation (SKR). The emission dropouts averaged two orders of magnitude below mean energy levels and varied from about 1 to 10 Saturn rotations in duration. Comparison with pre-Saturn encounter Voyager 1 observations (June to November, 1980) shows that the SKR dropouts were unique to the Voyager 2 observing interval, consistent with the closer proximity of Saturn to Jupiter's distant magnetotail in 1981. Further, the dropouts occurred on the average at times when Voyager 2 is known to have been within or near Jupiter's magnetic tail.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Sept. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 33
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Solar related waves in the Venusian atmosphere from the cloud tops to 100 km (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A quasi-linear diagnostic model using observed solar-related temperatures and a specified solar mean circulation and surface structure to find the solar-related circulation above the clouds of Venus is presented. Despite the greater dependence of model-derived, solar-related circulation on the mean flow than is the case for terrestrial tides, as well as the uncertainty concerning this mean flow, significant conclusions are drawn for the solar-related circulation and thermal structure of Venus. An anomalously large response is found in the polar regions, due to the model's requirement of a process such as dissipation which will act as a major sink for momentum. Dissipation is specified in the model as Rayleigh friction with an unknown free parameter coefficient. In view of this, dissipation is either very efficient by terrestrial standards and accompanied by small solar-related circulation, or similar to that of earth and possessed of a circulation large enough to have an impact on the mean circulation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 40; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 34
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Vertical distribution of scattering hazes in Titan's upper atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Radial intensity scans of a Voyager 2 high phase angle image of Titan have been inverted to yield vertical extinction profiles at 1 deg intervals around the limb. A detached haze layer with peak particle number densities of about 0.2 cu/cm exists at all latitudes south of about 45 N, and at an altitude of 300-350 km. The optical depth 0.01 level lies at a radius of 2932 + or - 5 km at the equator and at a radius of 2915 + or - 10 km over the poles (altitudes of 357 + or - 5 and 340 + or - 10 km, respectively). In addition to the haze layer at 300-350 km, there is a small enhancement in the extinction at about 450 km which exists at all latitudes between 75 deg S and about 60 deg N.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 35
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Saturn meteorology - A diagnostic assessment of thin-layer configurations for the zonal flow (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager imaging, infrared, and radio observations for Saturn have been recently interpreted by Smith et al. (1982) as an indication that the jet streams observed at the cloud tops extend to depths greater than the 10,000-bar level. This analysis assumes a maximum latitudinal temperature contrast of a few percent, a mean atmospheric rotation rate at depth given by Saturn's ratio period, and no variation with latitude of the bottom pressure level for the zonal flow system. These assumptions are not, however, firmly constrained by observation. The diagnostic analysis of plausible alternative configurations for Saturn's atmospheric structure demonstrates that a thin weather layer system (confined at mid to high latitudes to levels above 200 bar) cannot be excluded by any of the available observations. A quantitative estimate of the effects of moisture condensation (including the differentiation of mean molecular weight) suggests that these might provide the buoyancy contrasts necessary to support a thin-layer flow provided that Saturn's outer envelope is enriched approximately 10 times in water abundance relative to a solar composition atmosphere and strongly differentiated with latitude at the condensation level.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0019-1035)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 36
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The atmosphere of Titan - An analysis of the Voyager 1 radio occultation measurements (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The equatorial atmosphere of Titan was probed by means of two coherently related radio signals transmitted from Voyager 1 at 13.0 and 3.6 cm wavelengths during the November 12, 1980 occultation of the spacecraft by the Saturn satellite. An analysis of the differential dispersive frequency measurements did not reveal any ionization layers in the upper atmosphere of Titan. The gas refractivity data, which extend from the surface to about 200 km altitude, were interpreted in two different ways. In the first, it is assumed that N2 makes up virtually all of the atmosphere, with small amounts of CH4 and other hydrocarbons present. In the second interpretation of the refractivity data, it is assumed that the 3.5 km altitude level corresponds to the bottom of a CH4 cloud layer and that N2 and CH4 were perfectly mixed below this level.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 37
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The role of dissipation in shepherding of ring particles (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A discussion is presented on the gravitational interaction between ring systems and nearby satellites. A shepherd satellite lacking damping mechanisms will force oscillations in the motion of a ring particle that are symmetrical with respect to the encounter geometry. If such damping mechanisms as density wave propagation or a dissipative medium are present, a lag in particle response provides the asymmetry that exerts a net torque on the rings. While the torque on a given particle depends on the degree of damping, that dependence disappears when the torque is averaged over a range of orbits spanning resonances if the degree of damping is within a certain range. A torque that is much lower than the standard formula results from excessively weak or strong damping.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 38
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    High-energy particles (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is pointed out that the magnetosphere of Jupiter is in many respects quite different from that of the earth. The energy required to drive the Jovian magnetosphere is apparently extracted from Jupiter's rotational energy rather than from the solar wind. Jupiter is a strong source of energetic charged particles which can be detected as far away as the orbit of Mercury. The structure and dynamics of the energetic particle distribution in the inner magnetosphere is discussed, taking into account observations, transport and losses in the inner magnetosphere, satellite interactions, and electron synchrotron radiation. The subsolar hemisphere is considered, giving attention to particle fluxes in the subsolar magnetosphere, conditions in the middle magnetosphere, and the characteristics of the outer magnetosphere. A description of the predawn magnetosphere is also provided.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 39
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Ionosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The original interest in an ionosphere on Jupiter was generated by the discovery of strong radio-frequency emissions at approximately 20 MHz which were thought to be plasma frequencies associated with Jupiter's ionosphere. The ionosphere of Jupiter provides a means to couple the magnetosphere to the atmosphere by virtue of its high conductivity and collisional interaction with the neutral atmosphere. The Pioneer and Voyager have provided direct measurements of profiles of electron concentration at selected locations on Jupiter. Attention is given to basic principles regarding the characteristics of the Jovian ionosphere, the ionization sources, aspects of ion recombination, ion chemistry, observations of Jupiter's ionosphere, the structure of Jupiter's upper atmosphere, and questions of ionospheric modeling. On the basis of the Pioneer and Voyager observations it appears that Jupiter's ionosphere and thermosphere undergo significant solar cycle changes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 40
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Venus -Mesospheric hazes of ice, dust, and acid aerosols (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Four distinct types of particles are suggested to be present in the upper atmosphere of Venus. The lowest and densest haze may consist of a submicron sulfuric acid aerosol which extends above the cloud tops, up to about 80 km, representing an extension of the upper cloud deck. Temperature structure measurements in the 70-120 km altitude range indicate the occasional appearance of two independent water ice layers, of which the lower may form between 80 and 100 km and is probably the detached haze layer noted in high contrast limb photography. A nucleation of this ice layer on sulfuric acid aerosols is hypothesized. Temperatures of the Venus mesopause, near 120 km altitude, are frequently cold enough to allow ice nucleation on meteoric dust or ambient ions, yielding a haze (analogous to noctilucent clouds on earth) which is expected to be tenuous to the point of optical invisibility.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 41
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Phosphine photochemistry in Saturn's atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The phosphine photochemistry on Saturn is studied with a 1D photochemical model. The PH3 concentration is rapidly depleted with height (scale height 3.5 km) in the upper troposphere. Formation of P, a probable precursor of P4, (a potential red chromophore in the atmosphere), is highly improbable unless the rate constant for the recombination reaction PH + H2 + M yields PH3 + M is less than 10 to the -41st cm exp 6/molecule-squared sec. Coupling of PH3 and hydrocarbon photochemistry, specifically the C2H2 catalyzed photodissociation of CH, is important. Column production rates of the organophosphorus compounds CH3PH2 and HCP of 3 x 10 to the 8th/sq cm sec are predicted, with potentially observable column densities of greater than 1 x 10 to the 17th/sq cm.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Oct. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 42
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The inner edge of Saturn's B ring (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The sharp, 90-km wide transition from an optical depth of 0.2 in the C ring to 1 in the B ring begins at 91,970 km from Saturn's center. This radius is found to be almost exactly at the inward stability limit of charged particles launched in the ring plane at the local Kepler velocity, provided these particles have large charge to mass ratio. The zonal harmonic models of Saturn's magnetic field from the Voyager data and the gravitational field model from Pioneer data are essential to get the very close agreement between theory and observation. The theoretical stability limits are 91,973 + or - 145 km from Voyager 1 magnetic field data and 91,991 + or 145 km from Voyager 2 magnetic data. The zonal harmonic magnetic field lines are not perpendicular to the ring plane. Therefore, in addition to the magnetic mirror, gravitational, and centrifugal forces, an unknown force must be postulated to produce equilibrium in the ring plane and make the stability calculation meaningful.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; Aug. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 43
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Martian gases in an Antarctic meteorite? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Significant abundances of trapped argon, krypton, and xenon have been measured in shock-altered phases of the achondritic meteorite Elephant Moraine 79001 from Antarctica. The relative elemental abundances, the high ratios of argon-40 to argon-36 (equal to or greater than 2000), and the high ratios of xenon-129 to xenon-132 (equal to or greater than 2.0) of the trapped gas more closely resemble Viking data for the Martian atmosphere than data for noble gas components typically found in meteorites. These findings support earlier suggestions, made on the basis of geochemical evidence, that shergottites and related rare meteorites may have originated from the planet Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; Aug. 12
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 44
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Io's 4-micron band and the role of adsorbed SO2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The role of adsorbed SO2 on Io's surface particles in producing the observed spectral absorption band near 4 microns in Io's reflectance spectrum is explored. Calculations show that a modest 50 percent monolayer coating of adsorbed So2 molecules on submicron grains of sulfur or alkali sulfide, assumed to make up Io's uppermost optical surface ('radialith'), will result in a nu 1 + nu 3 absorption band near 4 microns with depth about 30 percent below the adjacent continuum, consistent with the observed strength of the Io band. The precise wavelength position of the nu 1 + nu 3 band of SO2 in different phase states such as frost, ice, adsorbate, and gas are summarized from the experimental literature and compared with the available telescopic measurements of the Io band position. The results suggest that the 4-micron band in Io's full disk spectrum can best be explained by the presence on Io's surface of widespread SO2 in the form of adsorbate rather than ice or frost.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 54; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 45
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    HCN formation on Jupiter - The coupled photochemistry of ammonia and Acetylene (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: HCN formation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere of Jupiter is presently modeled in terms of UV pyrolysis of the C2H5N isomer aziridine, which is a product of the NH2 and C2H3 radicals that originate from ammonia photolysis and the addition of H atoms to acetylene, respectively. The sensitivity of the HCN column density to the individual rate constants and the eddy diffusion coefficient profile is considered, along with the possibility that additional HCN-yielding pathways may exist. Both ammonia and phosphine are strongly depleted by photolysis.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 54; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 46
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Does Venus breathe? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is speculated that the periodic absorption and desorption of CO2 by the soil of Venus may buffer daily temperature, pressure and wind variations in the lower atmosphere, effectively eliminating the net tidal torque on the atmosphere. The redistribution of mass would still generate a sizable torque, however, which may serve as a balance for that which is caused by the gravitationally induced tide. This novel tidal mechanism represents a somewhat weaker competitor to the atmospheric tides which have previously been studied.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 54; June 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 47
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal structure of Saturn from Voyager infrared measurements - Implications for atmospheric dynamics (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 48
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Theories of radio emissions and plasma waves (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The complex region of Jupiter's radio emissions at decameter wavelengths, the so-called DAM, is considered, taking into account the basic theoretical ideas which underly both the older and newer theories and models. Linear theories are examined, giving attention to direct emission mechanisms, parallel propagation, perpendicular propagation, and indirect emission mechanisms. An investigation of nonlinear theories is also conducted. Three-wave interactions are discussed along with decay instabilities, and three-wave up-conversio. Aspects of the Io and plasma torus interaction are studied, and a mechanism by which Io can accelerate electrons is reviewed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 49
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Jupiter's magnetic field and magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Among the planets of the solar system, Jupiter is unique in connection with its size and its large magnetic moment, second only to the sun's. The Jovian magnetic field was first detected indirectly by radio astronomers who postulated its existence to explain observations of nonthermal radio emissions from Jupiter at decimetric and decametric wavelengths. Since the early radio astronomical studies of the Jovian magnetosphere, four spacecraft have flown by the planet at close distances and have provided in situ information about the geometry of the magnetic field and its strength. The Jovian magnetosphere is described in terms of three principal regions. The inner magnetosphere is the region where the magnetic field created by sources internal to the planet dominates. The region in which the equatorial currents flow is denoted as the middle magnetosphere. In the outer magnetosphere, the field has a large southward component and exhibits large temporal and/or spatial variations in magnitude and direction in response to changes in solar wind pressure.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 50
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Nutritional characteristics of moon dust for soil microorganisms (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Approximately 46% of the lunar sample (10084,151), 125.42 mg, was solubilized in 680 ml 0.01 M salicylic acid. Atomic absorption spectroscopic analysis of the solubilized lunar sample showed the following amount of metal ions: Ca, 3.1; Mg, 4.0; K, 0.09; Na, 0.67; Fe, 7.3; Mn, 1.6; Cu, Ni, Cr, less than 0.1 each. All are in ppm. Salicylic acid used to solubilize the lunar sample was highly inhibitory to the growth of mixed soil microbes. However, the mineral part of the lunar extract stimulated the growth. For optimal growth of the soil microbes the following nutrients must be added to the moon extract; sources of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and magnesium in addition to water.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA. Johnson (Lyndon B.) Space Center The 1983 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Research Program Research Reports; NASA. Johnson (Lynd
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 51
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Global empirical model of the Venus thermosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Direct measurements of neutral CO2, O, CO, N2, He, and N densities from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Neutral Mass Spectrometer are described in terms of a spherical harmonic representation (latitude and local time coordinates) of exospheric temperature and number densities at 150 km, using modified Bates temperature profiles. The exospheric temperatures are determined from the altitude variations of atomic oxygen. A global average temperature of 228 K is derived with a first harmonic variation of 5%. The altitude profiles are extended downward to 100 km by using empirical formulas to provide a transition through the turbopause region (simulating the effect of eddy diffusion and vertical flows) and matching entry probe density data. The model reflects the observed variations of temperature and density with the 10.7 cm radio flux index. For a given change in flux at the planet, the exospheric temperature on Venus changes by only 10% of the change seen in the terrestrial thermosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Jan. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 52
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Saturn's pole - geometric correction based on voyager UVS and radio occultations (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Measurements of of the opacity of Saturn's rings acquired during occultation experiments at radio (3.6 cm) and ultraviolet wavelengths were initially reduced to radial position rho using a standard pole vector. Common features in the two data sets from this reduction were offset by distances Delta rho(i). These offsets have been attributed to an error in the pole direction. Because the viewing geometries were quite different for the two experiments, the set of differences of Delta rho(i) provides a sensitive measure of corrections needed to refine the Saturn pole direction. The new standard pole vector in 1950.0 coordinates has right ascension alpha = 38.409 + or - 0.016 deg and declination delta = 83.324 + or - 0.002 deg.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astronomical Journal (ISSN 0004-6256); 88; Oct. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 53
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Laboratory simulation of Venusian lightning (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Evidence of lightning activity in the Venusian atmosphere has been obtained from the Venera 9, 11, and 12 spacecraft, and from the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO). However, a search for optical pulses expected from Venusian lightning using the star sensor on the PVO did not detect any signals. It has been suggested that the star sensor did not detect lightning because Venusian lightning does not radiate in the 500- to 900-nm spectral region detected by the star sensor. In this paper, spectra obtained from a laboratory simulation of Venusian lightning are discussed. Both the laboratory spectrum and the results of a theoretical calculation of line intensities show that Venusian lightning can be expected to radiate strongly in the 600- to 900-nm spectral region. Hence, the failure of the star sensor to detect lightning must be caused by the low flashing rate or by the low intensity of Venusian lightning.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Oct. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 54
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Identification of deuterium ions in the ionosphere of Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The dominant mass two ion in the ionosphere of Venus is identified as D(+) through analysis of the height variation of (mass two ion)/(H(+)) measured in the chemical equilibrium region by the ion mass spectrometer on the Pioneer Venus Orbiter. This result leads to (D)/(H) = (2.2 + or - 0.6) x 10 to the -2 at the turbopause, which agrees with the ratio measured in the lower atmosphere by the large probe mass spectrometer. The 100-fold deuterium enrichment supports previous suggestions that Venus has lost at least 0.3 percent of a terrestrial ocean.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 10; Oct. 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 55
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    W-shaped occultation signatures - Inference of entwined particle orbits in charged planetary ringlets (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A model for the ringlets of Saturn is proposed where concentration of material near the inner and outer radial edges of the ringlets is a natural consequence of particles in entwined elliptical orbits, with the same particles alternately defining both edges. The existence of a collisionless state where particles fly along entwined paths in a compressed helical formation on and within a toroidal surface whose meridional cross section is a very thin ellipse is explained. The cancellation of strong oblateness perturbations by an extremely weak force normal to the orbit planes and directed primarily outward from the major axis of the meridional cross section of the torus is shown, and the possibility that electric repulsion of like-charged particles could provide the expansion force preventing cross-sectional collapse is examined. The model features a large stability domain within which orbital inclinations and arguments of periapse oscillate but do not progress. Features of the model that can be tested experimentally are mentioned.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0019-1035)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 56
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Planetary magnetic fields (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of planetary magnetic fields are synthesized with current knowledge of the composition and evolution of planets and the sources of planetary magnetism. The observations for earth, Jupiter, Saturn, Mercury, Venus, the moon, Mars, and small bodies and meteorites are summarized. The evolution and structure of the terrestrial planets, of Jupiter and Saturn, and of Uranus and Neptune are discussed in detail. Possible sources of planetary magnetism are discussed, and estimates are established which are sufficient in most cases to identify whether an observed field is likely to be the consequence of dynamo generation. Predictions of the existence or nonexistence of dynamos are offered for each large planet or satellite in the solar system.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Reports on Progress in Physics (ISSN 0034-4885); 46; May 1983
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 57
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Summary of several recent chondrite finds from the Texas Panhandle (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Eleven recent chondrite finds from the Texas Panhandle have been examined and classified according to mineralogical and petrological criteria: five H's, five L's, and one LL chondrite. Five are distinct from nearby finds, while three remain ambiguous and three are related to previously reported chondrites. In addition, data are provided to classify the Muleshoe, Silverton, and Vigo Park chondrites, all of which were previously undescribed in the literature.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Meteoritics (ISSN 0026-1114); 18; March 31
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 58
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Venus' nighttime horizontal plasma flow, 'magnetic congestion', and ionospheric hole production (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A simple rectilinear, two-dimensional MHD model is used to investigate the effects of field-aligned plasma loss and cooling on a dense plasma convecting across a weak magnetic field, in order to illumine the Venus nighttime phenomena of horizontal plasma flow, magnetic congestion and ionospheric hole production. By parameterizing field-aligned variations and explicitly solving for cross magnetic field variations, it is shown that the abrupt horizontal enhancements of the vertical magnetic field, as well as sudden decreases of the plasma density to very low values (which are characteristic of ionospheric holes), can be produced in the presence of field-aligned losses.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 88; Apr. 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 59
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Radiative equilibrium model of Titan's atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The present global radiative equilibrium model for the Saturn satellite Titan is restricted to the two-stream approximation, is vertically homogeneous in its scattering properties, and is spectrally divided into one thermal and two solar channels. Between 13 and 33% of the total incident solar radiation is absorbed at the planetary surface, and the 30-60 ratio of violet to thermal IR absorption cross sections in the stratosphere leads to the large temperature inversion observed there. The spectrally integrated mass absorption coefficient at thermal wavelengths is approximately constant throughout the stratosphere, and approximately linear with pressure in the troposphere, implying the presence of a uniformly mixed aerosol in the stratosphere. There also appear to be two regions of enhanced opacity near 30 and 500 mbar.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 60
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Albedo, internal heat flux, and energy balance of Saturn (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 61
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The evolution of Enceladus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Evidence is adduced for several episodes of geologic resurfacing and extensional tectonism spreading over much of the history of the small, icy Saturn moon Enceladus. Resurfacing was the product of fresh material eruptions that may have contained ammonia, which may also have made melting in the interior more likely. Tidal dissipation seems to be the only heating mechanism capable of melting Enceladus. For the thermal properties of pure H2O, the orbital eccentricity would have to be higher than the present value of 0.0044 by a factor of 5-7 in order to maintain a molten interior, and may have to be greater by a factor of 20 in order to cause melting in an initially frozen body. Removal of eccentricity forcing would result in rapid eccentricity damping, freezing, and the cessation of tectonic activity.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 62
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Lightning generation in planetary atmospheres (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The possibilities of lightning generation on other planets are considered, and the basic conditions that exist in terrestrial clouds during lightning discharges and the various theories of charge separation are reviewed. The properties of terrestrial clouds that produce lightning, the properties of lightning itself, and the fairweather field are first reviewed. The general requirements and the different proposed charging mechanisms for electrification of terrestrial clouds are discussed. The mechanisms of electrical breakdown and whistler production are considered, and recent observations of extraterrestrial lightning and of clouds on other planetary bodies are summarized. Circumstances likely to account for lightning activity on Jupiter and Venus and for electrical activity on Mars and in the rings of Saturn are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 56; 80-115
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 63
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Io (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A report on the continuing investigation of Io is presented. Gravitational resonance is discussed as the cause of Io's volcanism, and the volcanic activity is explained in terms of sulfur chemistry. Theories concerning the reasons for the two main types of volcanic eruptions on Io are advanced and correlated with geographical features of the satellite. The sulfur and silicate models of the calderas are presented, citing the strengths and weaknesses of each. Problems of the gravitational resonance theory of Io's heat source are then described. Finally, observations of Io planned for the Galileo mission are summarized.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Scientific American (ISSN 0036-8733); 249; 56-67
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 64
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Bunte Breccia of the Ries - Continuous deposits of large impact craters (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The 26-km-diameter Ries impact crater in south Germany and the mechanism of ejection and emplacement associated with its formation about 15 Myr ago are discussed in detail, and the implications of the findings for models of crater formation on earth, moon, and planets are considered. Field observations and laboratory tests on 560-m core materials from nine locations are reported. The continuous deposits (Bunte Breccia) are found to be a chaotic mixture resulting from deposition at ambient temperatures in a highly turbulent environment, probably in the ballistic scenario proposed by Oberbeck et al. (1975), with an emplacement time of only about 5 min. Further impact parameters are estimated using the 'Z model' of Maxwell (1977): initial radius = 6.5 km, excavation depth = 1650 m, excavation volume = 136 cu km, and transient cavity volume = 230 cu km. The interpretation of lunar and planetary remote-sensing and in situ evidence from impact craters is reviewed in the light of the Ries findings. Numerous photographs, maps, diagrams, and tables illustrate the investigation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics (ISSN 0034-6853); 21; 1667-172
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 65
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    On the habitability of Europa (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is pointed out that the Voyager flybys of Jupiter produced remarkable images of Europa, one of the four large Galilean satellites. Taking into account information provided by these Voyagers flybys and other data and investigations, a study is conducted regarding the suitability of Europa as a habitat for living organisms. The performed calculations indicate, that for a plausible physical model of Europa, the general conditions for the survival of biological organisms could exist, at least in some regions, highly restricted in both space and time.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 56; 246-254
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 66
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Evidence for disequilibrium of ortho and para hydrogen on Jupiter from Voyager IRIS measurements (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Preliminary results of an analysis of the ortho state/para state ratio (parallel/antiparallel) for molecular H2 in the Jovian atmosphere using Voyager IR spectrometer (IRIS) data are reported. The study was undertaken to expand the understanding of the thermodynamics of a predominantly H2 atmosphere, which takes about 100 million sec to reach equilibrium. IRIS data provided 4.3/cm resolution in the 300-700/cm spectral range dominated by H2 lines. Approximately 600 spectra were examined to detect any disequilibrium between the hydrogen species. The results indicate that the ortho-para ratio is not in an equilibrium state in the upper Jovian troposphere. A thorough mapping of the para-state molecules in the upper atmosphere could therefore aid in mapping the atmospheric flowfield.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 306; 571
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 67
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    C-12H3D rovibrational intensities and the Jovian D/H ratio (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A tabulation is given of line intensities for the nu(2) band of CH3D which have absolute accuracies of + or - 3 percent. Using these intensities, some of the previous Jovian D/H determinations are reinterpreted.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 2 - Letters to the Editor (ISSN 0004-637X); 273; L47-L49
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 68
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Size estimates of Titan's aerosols based on Voyager high-phase-angle images (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Limits on the physical properties of the scattering haze near the top of Titan's atmosphere are derived from data obtained from seven high-phase-angle images from Voyager 1 and 2. From the ratio of the intensities observed at two different high phase angles, an estimate can be made of the forward-scattering lobe of the single-scattering phase function. Comparing the forward-scattering estimate with diffraction lobes from particles of different radii, it is concluded that the average radius of the particles found in the upper few tenths of an optical depth exceeds 0.19 micron. Judging from data observed at four different phase angles, the haze particles probably have a refractive index near 1.6 and a mean size of about 0.5 micron, if the widths of their diffraction peaks are close to those for equal-volume spheres. However, the highly polarizing nature of the particles over a broad wavelength-bandpass (Tomasko and Smith, 1982; West et al, 1983) combined with their forward-scattering behavior makes it very unlikely that the particles are spherical. The nonsphericity contributes to the uncertainty about the radii of the particles, but it is thought that the average radius is several tenths of a micron.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8721-872
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 69
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The relationship between Saturn kilometric radiation and the solar wind (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager spacecraft radio, interplanetary plasma, and interplanetary magnetic field data are used to show that large amplitude fluctuations in the power generated by the Saturn kilometric radio emission are best correlated with solar wind ram pressure variation. In all, thirteen solar wind quantities previously found important in driving terrestrial magnetospheric substorms and other auroral processes were examined for evidence of correlations with the Saturn radio emission. The results are consistent with hydromagnetic wave or eddy diffusion processes driven by large scale solar wind pressure changes at Saturn's dayside magnetopause. Previously announced in STAR as N83-24445
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8999-900
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 70
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energetic atomic and molecular ions in Saturn's magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Voyager 1 and 2 sensor data are analyzed in order to derive the composition, energy spectra, and spatial distribution of energetic ions in the Saturn magnetosphere. In order of abundance, the major species are H, H2(+), He, H3(+), C, and O. The fluxes of all species decreased inside the orbit of Dione, and nearly vanished in the 'slot' region within the orbit of Tethys. Both satellite absorption and precipitation due to pitch angle scattering may be important loss processes in that region. In the outer magnetosphere, photodissociation rapidly destroys a large fraction of the H2(+) ions, but dissociation by impact with neutral H atoms is faster for H2(+) ions in the lowest vibrational state. The ground state lifetime of about 23 days places a limit of about 10-100 days on the mean overall residence time for energetic ions in Saturn's magnetosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8905-892
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 71
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Currents in Saturn's magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A model of Saturn's magnetospheric magnetic field is obtained from the Voyager 1 and 2 observations. A representation consisting of the Z sub 3 zonal harmonic model of Saturn's planetary magnetic field together with an explicit model of Saturn's planetary magnetic field and a model of the equatorial ring current fits the observations well within r 20 R sub S, with the exception of data obtained during the Voyager 2 inbound pass. Previously announced in STAR as N83-30345
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; 8779-878
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 72
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The R asteroids reconsidered (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: JHK infrared photometry shows that R asteroids have two distinct infrared color domains. Most R asteroids have JHK and visual colors and albedos that fall amongst those observed for S asteroids, but a small subset is clearly different. These are designated as a new A class of asteroids.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 73
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The role of seasonal reservoirs in the Mars water cycle. I Seasonal exchange of water with the regolith. II - Coupled models of the regolith, the polar caps, and atmospheric transport (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 55; July 198
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 74
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Uranus - Variability of the microwave spectrum (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Radio astronomical observations of Uranus show that the radio emission spectrum is evolving in time. Ammonia vapor must be depleted in the Uranian atmosphere as Gulkis et al. (1978) previously suggested. Since 1965, ammonia either has been decreasing in time or is a decreasing function of latitude, or both, provided that the radio emission is atmospheric in origin. If Uranus has an observable low-emissivity 'surface', these trends may be reversed. The microwave observations made in 1965, at the time when the spin axis of Uranus was nearly perpendicular to the sun-Uranus line, are consistent with an atmospheric opacity profile that would be produced by saturated ammonia vapor in a predominantly hydrogen atmosphere. At the present time, when the spin axis of Uranus is nearly aligned with the sun-Uranus line, the measurements require an opacity that would be produced by saturated water vapor. A large thermal gradient between the pole and equator is ruled out.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 29
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 75
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Entwined and parallel bundled orbits as alternative models for narrow planetary ringlets (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Particle orbits can be bundled in two different ways to produce narrow, Uranus-type ringlets. The usual assumption is that they are packed in a parallel manner in a structure that is essentially only two-dimensional, but it is then difficult to explain the large numbers of particles per unit area of the ring plane that are inferred from the observations. The alternative of a bundle of entwined orbits produces a three-dimensional structure of potentially large projected areal density. A start has been made in identifying possible mechanisms for stabilizing these structures, but much remains to be done, particularly for the less-studied model of entwined orbits. The two models might be discriminated observationally by differences in the motion of the line of intersection of the orbital and equatorial planes, and by the predicted radial reversal (entwined) or nonreversal (parallel) of features in occultation signatures taken at certain longitudes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 22
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 76
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The magnetosphere of Saturn (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Characterizations of the Saturn magnetospheric activities that have been made possible through data gathered by means of the Pioneer 11 and Voyagers 1 and 2 flybys are reviewed. The spacecraft data confirmed the presence of a Saturn magnetosphere, which features inward diffusion and energization of trapped energetic particles as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay as a source of inner belt protons. A dense plasma was identified in the region covering the outer magnetosphere to the magnetopause, which extends outward 17.3-23.6 Saturn radii on the sunward side and from 30.3-70 radii on the far side, according to the satellite measurements. Characteristics of the particle populations and behaviors of the outer magnetosphere, the slot region, the inner magnetosphere, and the ring region are reviewed, as are those of the magnetic field, the solar wind-magnetospheric interaction, and the Titan-magnetospheric interaction are described. Further investigation of the longitudinal asymmetry of decimetric radio emissions from Saturn is recommended.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 77
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The Jovian magnetosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Research on Jovian magnetospheric physics from 1979 through 1982 is surveyed, with a focus on the observations of Voyagers 1 and 2. Jovian fields and plasmas are characterized in the order of their distance from the planet, and special emphasis is given to the Io plasma torus (IPT) in the 4.9-8-Jovian-radius region and to the extended Jovian magnetotail. Topics reviewed include synchrotron radiation, magnetic-field models, Na and S emissions in the IPT, aurora, the magnetic-anomaly model, IPT plasma diffusion-convection, Io-generated Alfven wave, plasma configuration beyond the IPT, low-energy charged particles, cosmic-ray-energy particles, particle acceleration, magnetic configuration, tail current sheet and plasma disc, magnetopause and magnetosheath, interplanetary ions of Jovian origin, and the Jovian magnetosphere at Saturnian distances.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 78
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Planetary ring systems (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is pointed out that in the last several years planetary ring studies have evolved from observations of a single example, related to Saturn, to studies of a class of objects. The rings of Uranus were discovered in 1977 by their unexpected occultations of a star. Observations of planetary rings during the time from 1979 to 1982 are largely related to space missions involving the Pioneer 11 Saturn encounter (1979), and Voyager Jupiter (1979) and Saturn (1980-81) encounters. However, ground-based observations he also played and will continue to play a major role. The rings of Saturn are discussed, taking into account structural details, particle properties, and questions concerning an existence of embedded moonlets. Details regarding Jupiter's ring and Uranus' rings are also investigated. Theoretical developments of general interest are considered, giving attention to gravitational torques, internal collective effects, and electromagnetic and erosive processes acting on ring particles.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 79
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The geology of the terrestrial planets (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Knowledge regarding the geology of the terrestrial planets has increased considerably during the last four years. The present investigation provides a brief summary of work during these years on the geology of Mercury, Venus, moon, and Mars. Following the Mariner 10 encounter with Mercury in 1974, the geologic history of the planet was broadly outlined by Strom (1979). McCauley et al. (1981) recognized several facies of ejecta around Caloris. Hostetler and Drake (1980) showed that unless Mercury received more than 60-70 percent of its thermal energy from tidal interactions, it must have undergone early, almost global melting. Knowledge of the Venusian surface has increased substantially over the last few years both through improvement of earth-based observations and in connection with the Pioneer Venus mission. A topographic map of Venus is presented. Attention is also given to the composition and character of lunar highlands, the evolution of different maria, photographs obtained of almost the entire planet Mars, and Martian craters and volcanism.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 80
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Planetary science - 1979-1982 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: A spectacular growth in knowledge regarding the solar planetary system has taken place during the past four years. In addition to the advances in knowledge provided by space missions, major progress has also been made in telescopic observations of bodies not yet visited by spacecraft, radar observations of a variety of objects, and the theoretical study of the evolution of both individual bodies and the solar system as a whole. In connection with the Pioneer Venus mission, which reached that planet in 1978 it was found that most of the surface of Venus consists of gently rolling plains. The plains separate several continent-sized highland regions with rugged topography which rises as much as 10 km above the lowlands. Attention is also given to new information regarding the Venusian atmosphere, Voyager observations of Jupiter, Voyager images of Io, Voyager images of Saturn's clouds, the Saturnian satellites, new information concerning Titan, Saturn's rings, and infrared observations of the brightest Uranian satellites.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0034-6853)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 81
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Energetic ion acceleration and transport in the upstream region of Jupiter - Voyager 1 and 2 (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Long-lived upstream energetic ion events at Jupiter appear to be very similar in nearly all respects to upstream ion events at earth. A notable difference between the two planetary systems is the enhanced heavy ion compositional signature reported for the Jovian events. This compositional feature has suggested that ions escaping from the Jovian magnetosphere play an important role in forming upstream ion populations at Jupiter. In contrast, models of energetic upstream ions at earth emphasize in situ acceleration of reflected solar wind ions within the upstream region itself. Using Voyager 1 and 2 energetic ion measurements near the magnetopause, in the magnetosheath, and immediately upstream of the bow shock, the compositional patterns are examined together with typical energy spectra in each of these regions. Characteristic spectral changes are found late in ion events observed upstream of the bow shock at the same time that heavy ion fluxes are enhanced and energetic electrons are present. A model involving upstream Fermi acceleration early in events and emphasizing energetic particle escape in the prenoon part of the Jovian magnetospehre late in events is presented to explain many of the features in the upstream region of Jupiter.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 82
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Voyager photopolarimeter observations of Saturn and Titan (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The Voyager 2 photopolarimeter experiment observed the intensity and polarization of scattered sunlight from the atmospheres of Saturn and Titan in the near-UV at 2640 A and in the near-IR at 7500 A. Measurements of Saturn's limb brightening and polarization at several phase angles up to 70 deg indicate that a significant optical depth of UV absorbers are present in the top 100 mbar of Saturn's atmosphere in the equatorial zone and north polar region, and possibly at other latitudes as well. UV absorbers are prominent in polar regions, suggesting that charged particle precipitation from the magnetosphere may be important in their formation. The whole-body polarization of Titan is strongly positive in both the UV and near IR. If spherical particles are responsible for the polarization, no single size distribution or refractive index can account for the polarization at both wavelengths. The model atmosphere proposed by Tomasko and Smith (1982), characterized by a gradient in particle size with altitude, seems capable of explaining the Voyager observations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 83
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Planetary radio astronomy from Voyager (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The technique of radio astronomy makes it possible for a remote observer to detect the presence of magnetic fields and plasmas in planetary environments. Prior to the flights of the Voyager spacecraft, radio astronomical studies of Jupiter from earth and from earth orbit had correctly predicted the strength and orientation of Jupiter's magnetic field and trapped radiation belts. The Voyager Planetary Radio Astronomy investigations have now provided measurements of the complete spectrum of low frequency radio emissions from both planets. Each Voyager instrument consists of a pair of orthogonal, 10-m, electric monopole antennas which are connected to a step-tuned, superheterodyne receiver operating over the frequency range from 1.2 kHz to 40.5 MHz. The Voyager trajectory provided observations from above both the sunlit and nightside hemispheres of Jupiter. Saturn's nonthermal radio emission has been observed at frequencies as low as 3 kHz and as high as 1.2 MHz.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: (ISSN 0273-1177)
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 84
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Methane on Triton and Pluto - New CCD spectra (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Spectra of Triton and of Pluto from 4553-9558 A at 25 A resolution are presented. Both spectra show the methane absorption near 8900 A; its equivalent width was 16 times greater on Pluto than on Triton at the time of the observations. This is the first published observation of the 8900 A feature in Triton's spectrum. The previously reported 27 m-amagat abundance of the Pluto atmosphere ignored contributions due to methane ice and should therefore be regarded as an upper limit. The observations of the Pluto spectrum discussed here show sharp structure in the 8900 and 8600 A bands; the case for an atmosphere on Pluto may turn on whether new laboratory measurements show that such structure is present in methane ice.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 270; July 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 85
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Turbulence analysis of the Jovian upstream 'wave' phenomenon (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: As Voyager 2 approached Jupiter's bow shock, large-amplitude fluctuations were seen in both the magnetic field and plasma fluid velocity. These fluctuations generally coincided with the occurrence of long-lived energetic particle events similar to the upstream waves often observed near the earth's bow shock. In this paper an analysis of the magnetic field and plasma observations using spectral methods is presented. The characteristic spectral features related to the upstream waves are generally seen near 1 mHz. The measured correlation lengths of these fluctuations suggest that they are coherent over only a few wavelengths. The analysis is consistent with the hypothesis that these fluctuations are driven by streaming ions, possibly protons. No evidence for the existence of whistler waves is found. It is argued that some of the observed spectral features suggest that dynamical turbulent processes are occurring in the uptream wave region, including a possible observation of an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity to large spatial scales.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 88; July 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 86
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Origin and evolution of the atmosphere of Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Implications for the origin and evolution of the terrestrial planets are drawn from a comparison of the Venus, earth and Mars atmosphere volatile inventories. Attention is given to the possible loss of an appreciable amount of water from Venus, in light of recent evidence for a 100-fold deuterium enrichment. Ar-40 and He-4 abundances suggest that outgassing has been inefficient for much of Venus's lifetime, in keeping with evidence for a lower level of tectonic activity on Venus than on the earth. Attention is also given to Venus's CO2 geochemistry. The picture now emerging is that of a Venus that began to evolve along a path similar to that of the earth, but suffered a catastrophic, runaway greenhouse effect early in its lifetime. How early the castastrophe occurred may be suggested by the presently low inventories of radiogenic argon and helium in its atmosphere.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 87
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The interaction of the solar wind with Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: While the Venus ionosphere, rather than magnetosphere as on the earth, deflects the solar wind flow, this deflection is accomplished with the deformation of a bow shock which heats and compresses the solar wind flow, and is closer to the planet and weaker than would be expected for an ideal gas dynamic interaction with a perfectly reflecting obstacle. The ionized magnetosheath flow can interact directly with the neutral atmosphere through charge exchange, which removes momentum from the flow, and photoionization; both processes adding mass to the solar wind because the high altitude neutral atmosphere is mostly composed of oxygen rather than hydrogen. The magnetotail of Venus also differs from that of the earth in that the mass loading of the magnetosheath flow slows the transport of magnetic flux tubes past the planet, while the ends of the tubes continue to travel rapidly in the solar wind, so that the planet accretes interplanetary magnetic flux.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 88
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Physics of the interaction of the solar wind with the ionosphere of Venus - Flow/field models (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Venus deflects incident solar wind by means of thermal and magnetic pressure, both of which are produced by ionospheric currents that are in turn driven by pressure gradients and electric fields induced in the ionosphere by the flowing magnetized solar wind plasma. The ionospheric currents connect across the ionopause into the ionosheath region, and close on, and behind, the bow shock. The computed ionospheric plasma velocity distribution is found to be spatially asymmetric, with the fastest flow velocities lying perpendicular to the ionospheric magnetic fields. Computations also indicate that the ionosphere is susceptible to an MHD shear instability whose extent and location is a function of external solar wind conditions. The present Venus ionosphere model compares well with in situ Pioneer Venus Orbiter observations.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 89
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The ionosphere of Venus - Observations and their interpretation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The implications of Soviet and U.S. observations of the Venus ionosphere's density, temperature, composition, motion, and magnetic structure are discussed, in view of the strong influence exerted on nearly all ionospheric parameters by the solar wind. The IMF conveys solar wind pressure to the ionosphere, compressing, accelerating, heating and removing plasma, forming the ionopause and inducing a nightward convection of plasma. Within the ionosphere, the main electron density peak is at an altitude of about 140 km on the day side, and is believed to be formed by local production and loss analogous to the earth's E region. Throughout most of the ionosphere, the nightward ion flow is primarily driven by the day-to-night pressure gradient, and electron precipitation also contributes to the nightside ionization. The lower atmosphere is dominated by O2(+), except at the lowest altitudes at night, where NO(+) and CO2(+) become significant ions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 90
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    General circulation and the dynamical state of the Venus atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The principal mode of atmospheric circulation on Venus is a zonal retrograde superrotation of the entire atmosphere, from the lowest scale height to altitudes of more than 100 km, with an angular momentum that is about 0.15 percent of the solid planet angular momentum. These values suggest the possibility of significant angular momentum exchanges between the two reservoirs, yielding day length changes that may be of the order of hours and could therefore be detected by earth-based radar. Eddies, the mean meridional circulation, and planetary-scale waves may all be involved in the upward transport of retrograde angular momentum to maintain atmospheric counterrotation. Eddies have been observed in the lower atmoshere and may also transport heat and momentum latitudinally and vertically. Waves are present throughout the atmosphere, over a wide range of spatial scales. The mean zonal and meridional circulations may not be symmetric about the equator.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 91
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Basic theory and model calculations of the Venus ionosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An assessment is undertaken of current understanding of the physical and chemical processes that control Venus's ionospheric behavior, in view of the data that has been made available by the Venera and Pioneer Venus missions. Attention is given to the theoretical framework used in general planetary ionosphere studies, especially to the equations describing the controlling physical and chemical processes, and to the current status of the ion composition, density and thermal structure models developed to reproduce observed ionospheric behavior. No truly comprehensive and successful model of the nightside ionosphere has been published. Furthermore, although dayside energy balance calculations yield electron and ion temperature values that are in close agreement with measured values, the energetics of the night side eludes understanding.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 92
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Composition of the Venus atmosphere (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: After giving an historical account of the development of Venus atmospheric composition explorations and the various instrumental techniques used in them, attention is given to recommended values for the mixing ratios of gases at altitudes below 100 km. Together with the various constituent groups of gases, their observations, and related processes and models, the mathematical background for current one-dimensional photochemical and transport models is given. Excited species are then discussed, and references to upper limits for the abundances of unobserved gases are listed. Available data on isotopic abundances are assessed, and questions pertinent to the further investigation of the Venus atmosphere's origin and evolution are formulated.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 93
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The interior of Venus and Tectonic implications (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is noted in the present consideration of the Venus lithosphere and its implications for plate tectonics that the major linear elevated regions of Venus, which are associated with Beta Regio and Aphrodite Terra, do not seem to have the shape required for sure interpretation as the divergent plate boundaries of seafloor spreading. Such tectonics instead appear to be confined to the median plains, and may not be resolvable in the Pioneer Venus altimetry data. The ratios of gravity anomalies to topographic heights indicate that surface load compensation occurs at depths greater than about 100 km under the western Aphrodite Terra and 400 km under Beta Regio, with at least some of this compensation probably being maintained by mantle convection. It is also found that the shape of Venus's hypsogram is very different from the ocean mode of the earth's hypsogram, and it is proposed that Venus tectonics resemble intraplate, basin-and-swell tectonics on earth.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 94
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Thermal structure of the atmosphere of Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The available data sets determining the thermal structure are critically discussed and combined into a mean model. The implications of the oberved contrasts for atmospheric motions, on small and large scales, are discussed. Greenhouse models which allow a convective atmosphere below 35 to 50 km give a reasonable explanation of the high surface temperature. Surprisingly, however, the deep atmosphere is generally stable. The radiative imbalance thus drives the general circulation rather than local convection. A distinct tropopause occurs at the cloud tops. Above this, the atmosphere is very stably stratified and not far from radiative equilibrium. Gravity waves are present. The upper atmosphere, with its very large day-night temperature contrast, must be in motion away from the sun, but velocities are strongly limited to a sizable viscous dissipation.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 95
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Topography, surface properties, and tectonic evolution (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Differences in atmospheric composition, atmospheric and lithospheric temperature, and perhaps mantle composition, suggest that the rock cycle on Venus is not similar to the earth's. While radar data are not consistent with a thick, widespread and porous regolith like that of the moon, wind-transported regolith could be cemented into sedimentary rock that would be indistinguishable from other rocks in radar returns. The elevation spectrum of Venus is strongly unimodal, in contrast to the earth. Most topographic features of Venus remain enigmatic. Two types of tectonic model are proposed: a lithosphere too thick or buoyant to participate in convective flow, and a lithosphere which, in participating in convective flow, implies the existence of plate tectonics. Features consistent with earth-like plate tectonics have not been recognized.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 96
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    The development of studies of Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: An historical account is given of the major figures, observational techniques and theories involved in Venus studies prior to space probe-based researches. Those who followed Galileo Galilei (1610) with the simple telescopes of the 17th and early 18th centuries confirmed the phases of the illuminated face of Venus. Lomonosov (1761) noted a gray halo surrounding the planet as it was partially silhouetted against the sun, and correctly inferred that Venus has an atmosphere. The brightness and nearly featureless appearance of the planet, together with the halo effect, led to the early conclusion that the atmosphere is cloudy. While visual and photographic spectroscopy had been applied to Venus many times, the first indication of spectral features different from the solar spectrum was found in 1932 with the high dispersion spectrograph on the Mt. Wilson 2.5-m telescope.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 97
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Basic facts about Venus (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Because of the disturbing influence of the earth's atmosphere on terrestrial and airborne telescopy, radiometry, thermal mapping, spectroscopy, polarimetry and radar astronomy of Venus, major improvements in the body of theory concerning that planet, began with the Mariner 2 planetary exploration program in 1962. The effect of spacecraft exploration culminated with the influx of data yielded by the Pioneer Venus and Venera 11 and 12 missions of 1978. Attention is presently given to the quantitative enhancement of widely accepted, basic facts about Venus that has resulted from the analysis of space probe data, together with an overview of the major features of past and planned planetary missions.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 98
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Oceans on Titan? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: If global oceans on methane exist on Titan, the atmosphere above them must be within 2 percent of saturation. The two Voyager radio occultation soundings, made at low latitudes, probably occurred over land, since they imply a relative humidity less than or equal to 70 percent near the surface. Oceans might exist at other low-latitude locations if the zonal wind velocities in the lowest 3 kilometers are less than or equal to 4 centimeters per second.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 99
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Is Titan wet or dry? (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Titan's dense and cold nitrogen atmosphere contains a small amount of methane under conditions at least approaching those at which one or both constituents would condense. The possibility of methane and nitrogen rain clouds and global methane oceans has been discussed widely. From specific features of radio occultation and other Voyager results, however, it is concluded that nitrogen does not condense on Titan and that Titan has neither global methane oceans nor a global cloud of liquid methane droplets. Certain results indirectly support the conjecture that methane does not condense at any location. However, other considerations favor a methane ice haze high in the troposphere, and liquid and solid methane might exist on the surface and as low clouds at polar latitudes.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 221; July 1
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 100
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Venus - Global surface radio emissivity (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Observations of thermal radio emission from the surface of Venus, made by the Pioneer Venus radar mapper at a wavelength of 17 cm, show variations that are dominated by changes in surface emissivity. The regions of lowest emissivity (0.54 + or - 0.05 for the highland areas of Aphrodite Terra and Theia Mons) correspond closely to regions of high radar reflectivity reported earlier. These results support the inference of inclusions of material with high electrical conductivity in the surface rock of these areas.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 220; June 24
    Format: text
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...