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  • Chemistry  (63,133)
  • ddc:330
  • 1980-1984  (33,715)
  • 1975-1979  (29,418)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The importance of energetic particle precipitation on the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere (1980)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 118 (1980), S. 128-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Galactic cosmic rays ; Solar proton events ; Particle precipitation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An assessment is made of the relative contribution of certain classes of energetic particle precipitation to the chemical composition of the middle atmosphere with emphasis placed on the production of odd nitrogen and odd hydrogen species and their subsequent role in the catalytic removal of ozone. Galactic cosmic radiation is an important source of odd nitrogen in the lower stratosphere but since the peak energy deposition occurs below the region where catalytic removal of O3 is most effective, it is questionable whether this mechanism is important in the overall terrestrial ozone budget. The precipitation of energetic solar protons can periodically produce dramatic enhancement in upper stratospheric NO. The long residence time of NO in this region of the atmosphere, where catalytic interaction with O3 is also most effective, mandates that this mechanism be included in future modelling of the global distribution of O3. Throughout the mesosphere the precipitation of energetic electrons from the outer radiation belt (60°≲Λ≲70°) can sporadically act as a major local source of odd hydrogen and odd nitrogen leading to observable O3 depletion. Future satellite studies should be directed at simultaneously measuring the precipitation flux and the concomitant atmosphere modification, and these results should be employed to develop more sophisticated models of this important coupling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01586448
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interstellar molecules (1980)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 15 (1980), S. 79-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Molecules ; Interstellar ; Chemistry ; Isotopes ; Solar system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The study of interstellar molecules broadly includes two areas of interest. One area uses the unique ability of molecules to act as probes of the physical conditions in the cold, dense, visually opaque component of the interstellar medium. The physical properties of this and other components of the interstellar medium are summarized. The other area deals with the chemistry of interstellar molecules, recent aspects of which are emphasized in this review. Gas-phase chemistry, shock chemistry, and grain surface chemistry are discussed in the context of recent observations. No present observations suggest that surface reactions are relevant, but neither can they be ruled out. Ion-molecule reactions are clearly operative, at least for the simpler species. Chemical isotope fractionation is reviewed, andd it is concluded that the complexities of the chemistry allow no cosmological conclusions to be drawn from observations of deuterium in interstellar molecules, while the presence of13C in interstellar molecules permits an estimate of the12C/13C ratio which is consistent with the current concepts of the nucleosynthesis history of the Galaxy. Possible connections between interstellar molecules and the early molecular history of the solar system are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732663
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sulphated glycopeptide in human supragingival calculus extracts (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 13-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental calculus ; Glycopeptide ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the isolation and purification of a sulphated glycopeptide from human supragingival calculus. The compound was isolated after using EDTA treatment, 2 M CaCl2 extraction, proteolytic digestion, ethanol precipitation, and finally purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single component on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and chemical and infrared spectral analysis showed the presence of covalently attached sulphate groups. The sulphated glycopeptide was distinguished from being a sulphated glycosaminoglycan.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012761
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proteins of the periodontium (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 39-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental cementum ; Collagen ; Protein ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptides were prepared of the insoluble collagen of bovine dental cementum. Following chromatographic separation, the peptides were identified by their amino-acid composition. Type I collagen ([α1(I)]2α2) accounted for more than 90% of the organic matrix, while Type III collagen ([α1(III)]3) was present at a level of approximately 5%. Amino-acid analyses revealed that the CNBr peptides from α1(I) and α2 chains of cementum closely resembled the corresponding peptides from calf skin. The only systematic difference was a higher level of hydroxylation of prolyl and lysyl residues of the cementum peptides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012764
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium deficiency, pregnancy, and lactation in rats (1977)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 87-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Osteoporosis ; Lactation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The calcium homeostatic mechanism was challenged in adult female rats by feeding them a calcium-deficient diet containing oxalate, and by subjecting them to pregnancy and lactation. The regimen caused a substantial weight loss, especially in those animals which reared their young well. Severe hypocalcaemia was observed in the lactating rats. Serum-P was slightly elevated. The content of hydroxyproline in serum was considerably elevated, reflecting the degree of calcium deprivation. Serum proteins were least influenced. The calcium depriving regimen reduced the growth of long bones, but did not stop it. The ash content of the bones was considerably reduced, the degree of reduction depended on the degree of calcium deprivation. Ash as percentage of total bone organ was reduced, but not to the same extent as total ash. Analyses of different parts of femur showed that the proximal and distal parts had lost more bone mineral than the diaphyseal shaft. The ash content of cortical bone tissue from the femur was estimated by a volumetric method. No differences were observed between test groups and controls, indicating that no measurable amounts of bone mineral had been removed from the walls of the vascular canals or by osteocytic osteolysis. Planimetric determinations on cross sections from femora disclosed that a great amount of bone had been removed from the endosteal surface of the diaphysis, while the periosteal surface demonstrated reduced bone apposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012771
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial purification and characterization of the bone resorption factor fromActinomyces viscosus (1982)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 34 (1982), S. 49-53 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bacterial amphophile ; Purification ; Chemistry ; Resorption ; Ca influx ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The bone resorptive factor and amphipathic antigen (AcA) previously identified by us in preparations fromActinomyces viscosus have been partially purified, characterized chemically, and compared. They elute at the same location on chromatography with Ac 22. The fatty acid composition of AcA and the bone resorptive factor is the same. Some differences in carbohydrate composition are observed. TheActinomyces factor does not affect calcium influx or cyclic AMP in isolated bone cells. Therefore it is concluded that AcA stimulates resorption either by gaining entrance into bone cells or by way of a yet undetermined second messenger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02411208
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular rheology of polymer solutions: Interpretation and utility (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Molecular theories of polymer rheology are reviewed with emphasis on predictions of the more familiar properties: non-Newtonian viscosity and normal stress in steady shear, complex viscosity in oscillatory shear, and elongational viscosity in extensional flow. Both dilute and concentrated solutions are discussed, with emphasis on the former. An important objective is clarification of polymer modeling strategies and how they are related to polymer structure. The intended readership consists of those engineers familiar in a general way with continuum polymer rheology, but with no special expertise in polymer physical or theoretical chemistry.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A dynamic method for catalyst diffusivities (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 58-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: It is shown that a pulse-response technique can be used with the Wicke-Kallenbach type of diffusion cell to determine effective diffusivities in catalyst pellets. The diffusivity is a function of the retention time of the pulse of diffusing gas in the pellet. Experimental values obtained with an alumina pellet agreed well with expected results for this type of material.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor-liquid equilibrium: Part IV. Reduction of P-x data for ternary systems (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 72-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Total pressure measurements taken for the ternay systems acetone-chloroform-methanol and chloroform-ethanol-n-heptane at 50°C are reduced by Barker's method and correlated by an equation similar to one proposed by Wohl (1953).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210108
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexible solutions to linear programs under uncertainty: Inequality constraints (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In most industrial applications the linear model used for optimization by linear programming involves significant uncertainties and inaccuracies in the model parameters. This paper presents a framework which allows uncertainties in the matrix elements of the linear program to be taken into account without requiring detailed knowledge of the statistical characterstics of these uncertainties. Three cases for the inequality constrained problem are considered: independent variations in the array elements, column dependent variations, and row dependent variations. In each case the problem can still be solved as a linear program. In the first two cases, the problem size is doubled, while for the row dependent case a finitely terminating cutting plane algorithm is constructed.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210109
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal effects in gas absorption (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 96-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transformation of the energy equation from the mass average to the volume average reference frame exposes a pseudo Dufour effect. The theoretical model for absorption into a stagnant liquid including this effect, the heat of absorption, variable density, an interfacial velocity, and an arbitrary equilibrium condition at the interface is able to predict experimental data over a wide range of conditions. The data consisted of liquid temperature profiles and mass transfer rates into a stagnant liquid. The ammonia-water system exhibited interfacial temperature rises from 6.9°K to 18.2°K. The interfacial temperature rise for the propane-decane system was 1.3°K. Simpler theoretical models were able to predict the mass transfer rates or the temperature profiles.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210112
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of bubble diameter in gaseous fluidized beds (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Bubble size is one of the most important parameters in the design and simulation of a fluidized-bed reactor.A correlation of the bubble size and growth in fluidized beds of various diameters is developed. A maximum bubble diameter determined from the bubble coalescence is incorporated in the correlation to relate the effect of the bed diameter on the bubble size.Experimental data of bubble size reported are used to develop and test the validity of the correlation. The bubble diameters calculated using this correlation show good agreement with the observed bubble diameters.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210114
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ignition on catalytic wires: Kinetic parameter determination by the heated-gas technique (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 176-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210127
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New methods for the estimation of the viscosity coefficients of pure gases at moderate pressures (with particular reference to organic vapors) (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 181-183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210130
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of turbulent pipe flow with viscosity variation in the wall region (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210132
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluating flows of non - Newtonian fluids by the method of equivalent Newtonian viscosity (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 198-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210136
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative transfer and interactions with conduction and covection, M. N. Ozisik, Wiley, New York (1974). 575 pages. $ 18.95 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 203-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210139
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
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    The McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms, Daniel N. Lapedes, Editor-in-Chief, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York (1974). $39.50 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 206-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210142
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle-gas dispersion effects in confined coaxial jets (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 372-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this study was to determine the mixing characteristics of two-phase, confined, coaxial jets. Gas composition, gas velocity, and particle mass flux radial profiles were obtained at different axial stations using 20% by weight of 6 or 30 μm spherical aluminum particles in the primary stream. Additional tests were conducted without particles. Radial profiles for gas composition, velocity, and particle flux were correlated using the principle of similarity. In the gas phase, mass mixed more rapidly than momentum, and the 6 μm particles mixed less rapidly than mass or momentum. Systems with low primary density and low secondary velocity mixed most rapidly. An implicit numerical model was developed to predict the rate of mixing of the gas/particle mixture. The model included coupled dynamic and thermal nonequilibrium effects between the gas and solid phases. Comparisons of model predictions and experimental results were good.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210219
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gas absorption accompanied by instantaneous bimolecular reaction in turbulent liquids (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 534-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Gas absorption accompanied by instantaneous bimolecular reaction in turbulent liquids (Re 〉 1200) is treated in terms of an eddy diffusion model. The species balance equations are integrated for the eddy diffusivity varying as the square of the distance from the free surface. Experimental mass transfer coefficients were measured in a wetted-wall column for the absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions. Experimental results were obtained for carbon dioxide partial pressures of 1.0 and 1.5 atm. and for sodium hydroxide concentrations varying between 0.020 and 0.220 N over the Reynolds number range 1400 to 5400. The experimental data showed good agreement with the theoretical calculations, the mean deviation being 8.2%.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210315
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of time-delay systems by series approximation (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 567-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method of analyzing the behavior of dynamic systems containing time delays is presented. The method, which is based on the construction of a subsidiary system where the delayed state variables are approximated by Taylor series expansion, is simple and easy to apply. The stability and the region of stability of the subsidiary equation correspond closely to that of the original system.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210320
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially growing disturbances in liquid films (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 594-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210324
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  • 23
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    Transport of mass in ternary liquid-liquid systems. Part II. Mass transfer and interfacial studies (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 575-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The objective of this work is to experimentally examine mass transfer during liquid-liquid extraction in the system acetonitrile-benzene-n-heptane. The interfacial characteristics of the system are simultaneously investigated. (Part I deals with the diffusion properties of the system).The mass transfer experiments are conducted in a stirred extraction cell of the Lewis type. The transfer between an unsaturated and nearly saturated phase is studied. The mass transfer coefficients for the partially miscible binary system, and for those ternary experiments in which the slope of the operating line was negative are found to be independent of the driving force. A photographic investigation, which employed the schlieren technique, indicates that Marangoni-type instabilities are absent in such experiments. However, in ternary experiments, in which the slope of the operating line is positive and above a certain critical value the mass transfer coefficients decreases as equilibrium approached. The schlieren results confirm the presence of interfacial turbulence for this case.The driving-force dependence of the turbulent mass transfer coefficients is explaine using a surface renewal model. The model provides a correlation for the results of ternary experiments in which interfaical turbulence is present.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210322
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  • 24
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    An analysis of turbulent pipe flow for a viscoelastic fluid (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 597-598 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210326
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  • 25
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    A comprehensive correlating equation for heat and component transfer by free convection (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 604-606 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210330
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  • 26
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    On the influence of liquid elasticity on mixing in a vessel agitated by a combined ribbon-screw impeller (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 613-615 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210334
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  • 27
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    The elements of chemical kinetics and reactor calculations: A self-paced approach, H. Scott Fogler, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N. J. (1974). 497 pages. $21.00 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 621-622 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210338
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  • 28
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    Spouted beds, Kishan B. Mathur and Norman Epstein, Academic Press, Inc., New York (1974). 304 pages (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 623-623 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210342
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  • 29
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    Errata (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 623-623 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210343
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    Limits of superheat and explosive boiling of light hydrocarbons, halocarbons, and hydrocarbon mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 560-566 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The limits of superheat of thirteen light hydrocarbons and four light halocarbons were experimentally measured at one atmosphere using a superheating column. While there was some variation in the number of degrees to which a compound could be superheated before boiling explosively, in all cases the reduced limits TL/Tc were close to 0.88. The measured superheat limits of three binary hydrocarbon systems and several ternary mixtures were close to mole fraction averages of the limits of the pure components. The results of both pure components and mixtures paralleled predictions of Beegle (1973), based on thermodynamic stability theory. Limits of pure components agreed closely with limits predicted from homogeneous nucleation theory.
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    Statistical characteristics of thin, wavy films III. Structure of the large waves and their resistance to gas flow (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 583-593 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two classes of random waves exist on falling films at flow rates of practical interest; large waves which carry the bulk of the liquid and small waves which cover the substrate. In this paper statistics of the large waves are presented and compared with existing theory. These waves are bimodal in character at ReL 〉 700. The form drag of the large waves is shown to contribute negligibly the observed pressure drop in the gas phase. It is thus concluded that the small wave structure controls the fluid resistance and transfer processes in the gas while the large waves control these same processes in the liquid film.
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    Additional comments on spatially growing disturbances in liquid films (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 596-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    Ion pair formation model for sea salt solutions (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 600-601 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210328
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    The functionally near-equivalency of Reynolds and Grashof numbers (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 609-610 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210332
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    Real-time time-optimal control of a stirred-tank reactor using Kalman Filtering for state estimation (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 799-804 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents the development and real-time implementation of a time-optimal control algorithm for a continuous stirred-tank reactor. A multivariable time-optimal control law is derived and an Extended Kalman Filter formuated for on-line estimation and filtering. The work demonstrates the powerful capability of real-time computation and decision-making in optimal control and optimal estimation of process states.
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    Pseudo steady state approximation for the numerical integration of stiff kinetic systems (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 817-820 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
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    Advances in preconcentration and dehydration of feeds, Arnold Spicer (Ed.), Halsted Press, New York (1974). 526 pages. $60.00 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 622-623 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210341
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    Drag reduction fundamentals (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 625-656 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Drag reduction by dilute solutions of linear, random-coiling macromolecules in turbulent pipe flow is reviewed. The experimental evidence is emphasized in three sections concerned with the graphical display of established features of the phenomenon, data correlation and analysis, and the physical mechanism of drag reduction.
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    Process reliability analysis (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 677-686 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a unified approach for obtaining system reliability and availability parameters from block diagram representations of process systems. It starts with computer algorithms for obtaining the minimal paths in a system, then shows how this information can be combined with unit reliability data to obtain the overall system reliability, and the response of system reliability to changes in unit reliability (sensitivities). It then demonstrates how these sensitivities can be used to optimize the system reliability and availability by equipment redundancy. Extension of the methodology to the automated production of system fault trees as well as the mathematical relationship between fault trees and block diagrams are noted.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210406
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    Trickle-bed reactor performance. Part I. Holdup and mass transfer effects (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 706-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid holdup and mass transfer rates were measured in a 2.58-cm I.D. tube, packed with glass beads and granular CuO · ZnO catalyst or β-naphthol particles, and operated as a trickle bed. Gas-to-liquid (water) transport coefficients were determined from absorption and desorption experiments with oxygen at 25°C and 1 atm. Liquid-to-particle mass transfer was studied using β-naphthol particles.Holdup and both mass transfer coefficients were unaffected by gas flow rate but increased with liquid rate. The data were correlated with equations that could be used for predicting mass transfer coefficients at high temperatures and pressures for use in the reaction studies reported in Part II.
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    Method of evaluation and reduction of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of binary mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 735-743 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new method to reduce vapor-liquid equilibrium data of binary mixtures and to evaluate a thermodynamic model is presented. It is based on the principle of maximum likelihood. Deviations between all measured and predicted quantities are calculated and confidence limits in model parameters are evaluated from the given estimates of experimental errors. Many examples illustrate the practical applications of the method.
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    Oxygen reduction at an anodically activated platinum rotating disk electrode (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 763-769 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The reduction of oxygen in neutral saline solution and in seawater was studied using the rotating disk electrode (RDE). The objective was to test the applicability of the RDE as a primary reference standard for the measurement of oxygen concentrations below 0.1 ppm in seawater. Limited success was achieved with an activated platinum electrode. A gold electrode was less effective. If one postulates that the 2-electron reduction of oxygen at an activated RDE is rapid, it appears that little or no 4-electron reduction occurs and that the subsequent 2-electron reduction or catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is relatively slow. The anodic activation procedure developed appears to impart a transient catalytic activity to the electrode surface for the peroxide reaction(s).
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    Catalytic activity and selectivity on heterogeneous surfaces with mass transfer (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 786-791 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Effective reaction rates and selectivities on surfaces having active and inactive regions are calculated for systems in which diffusion of reactants and products through a boundary layer is significant. With a single reaction it is shown that rates are larger than those calculated assuming area weighted averages. The selectivity of production of an intermediate in a series of reactions on a heterogeneous surface is higher than on a homogeneous surface, and with parallel reactions selectivities may be lower or higher depending on the kinetics of the competing reaction.Numerical examples from NH3 oxidation on a Pt gauze and CO oxidation in the automotive converter indicate that these effects may be important in determining selectivities and conversions in some industrial reactors.
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    Determination of hindered diffusivities for nonadsorbing pollutants in muds (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1022-1024 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Biochemical reactors, B. Atkinson, Pion Limited, London (1974). 267 pages. £5.00 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1037-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210538
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    An analogy for heat transfer with wavy/stratified gas-liquid flow (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 872-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The von Karman analogy between heat transfer and momentum transfer in turbulent fluids is shown to apply to heat transfer through wavy liquid films in horizontal, stratified, gas-liquid flow. Nusselt numbers predicted from the analogy are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data for air-water flows involving three-dimensional wavy films and large-amplitude roll waves. The Nusselt numbers encountered with these turbulent water films are found to be in the same range as those associated with condensation of organics in horizontal tubes under stratified flow conditions.
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    Grouping of many species each consumed by two parallel first-order reactions (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 865-872 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The behavioral features of a mixture containing many species each of which participates in two competing parallel first-order reactions may deviate significantly from those of the individual species. For example, the grouped selectivity may depend on the conversion and attain up to N-2 extremal values where N is the number of the reactants in the mixture. The kinetics of the grouped species depends on the composition of the feed and can be of an unconventional functional form. The use of empirical grouped kinetics may lead to unexpected pitfalls. For example, grouped rate expressions based on experiments carried out in one reactor may not be adequate for predicting the behavior in a reactor with a different residence time distribution.
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    Dissipation effects in hydrodynamic stability of viscoelastic fluids (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 901-910 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In this paper an analysis is made of the hydrodynamic stability of a Boussinesq viscoelastic fluid undergoing plane Couette flow with a superposed temperature gradient. Of special interest is the effect of including the dissipation term in the energy equation. This term is shown to destabilize the fluid for most values of disturbance wave number and material parameters and to cause overstability for all values of the Brinkman number. At a critical Weissenberg number of 1, a rheological instability is developed which is essentially independent of the Reynolds, Prandtl, and Brinkman numbers.
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    Flow phenomena in stirred tanks. Part I. The impeller stream (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 931-939 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow parameters were measured in a baffled, turbulent, stirred tank agitated by a six-blade, disk style turbine. The working fluid was air. Mean and fluctuating velocities were measured between the blades of the impeller with a probe mounted on the spinning impeller. Mean velocities, turbulent velocities, one-dimensional energy spectra, and Eulerian autocorrelation functions were measured in the impeller stream by using the shielded hot-wire anemometer of Gunkel et al. (1971) which permits the measurement of turbulence parameters in flows of very high turbulence intensity. Reliable impeller pumping capacities were obtained yielding Qrad/ND3 = 1.0 at the impeller periphery. An energy balance on a control volume containing the impeller and the impeller stream showed that the energy put into the tank via the impeller appeared as a net efflux of kinetic energy leaving the control volume. Therefore, most of the energy input to the tank is dissipated in the bulk of the tank.
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    Numerical treatment of laminar flow in helically coiled tubes of square cross section. Part I. Stationary helically coiled tubes (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 965-974 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Numerical solution of steady laminar flow in helically coiled tubes of square cross section for Dean numbers from 0.8 to 307.8 reveal two regimes of secondary flow. Up to Dean number of 100, the expected secondary flow pattern appears with twin counterrotating vortices. Above Dean numbers of 100, a new secondary flow regime, reported here for the first time, appears with four vortices. Flow visualization and pressure drop experiments confirm the transition.
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    Drug permeation through human skin: Theory and invitro experimental measurement (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 985-996 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The penetration of drugs and other micromolecules through intact human skin can be regarded as a process of dissolution and molecular diffusion through a composite, multilayer membrane, whose principal barrier to transport is localized within the stratum corneum. A mathematical model of the stratum corneum as a two-phase protein-lipid heterogeneous membrane (in which the lipid phase is continuous) correlates the permeability of the membrane to a specific penetrant with the water solubility of the penetrant and with its lipid-protein partition coefficient.Experimentally measured permeabilities of human skin to a variety of drugs have been found to conform to this model. The extraordinarily low permeability of skin to most micromolecules appears to arise from the very low diffusivity of such molecules in the intercellular lipid phase.
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    Effect of colloidal silica on the spreading pressure of silicone fluids (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1016-1017 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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    Generalized prediction of isothermal compressibilities and an isothermal equation of state for liquid mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1024-1027 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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    A method of temperature estimation in the bubble point method of iterative distillation calculations (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1223-1225 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210629
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    Extensional viscosity and recoil in highly dilute polymer solutions (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1225-1227 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    Petroleum evaluations and economic decisions, Arthur W. McCray, Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey (1975). 448 pages, $20.95 (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1235-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210634
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    Errata (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1237-1237 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210638
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    Thermal cracking of propane and propane-propylene mixtures: Pilot plant versus industrial data (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1065-1073 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The product distribution and kinetics of the thermal cracking of propane and propane-propylene mixtures were investigated for a temperature range of 700° to 850°C, exit total pressures from 1.2 to 2 atm. absolute, and steam dilutions of 0.4 and 1.0. The reaction kinetics were determined by two methods. The first uses the equivalent reactor volume concept to reduce the data to isothermicity before attempting the kinetic analysis. The second determines the parameters directly from the nonisothermal data by means of a search routine. Both methods led to a reaction order of 1. The effect of propylene addition was also investigated. Finally, a detailed molecular reaction scheme was derived from a nonisothermal and nonisobaric simulation of the cracking experiments. This scheme was used in the simulation of an industrial cracker and led to excellent agreement, in particular of the product distribution.
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    Group-contribution estimation of activity coefficients in nonideal liquid mixtures (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1086-1099 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A group-contribution method is presented for the prediction of activity coefficients in nonelectrolyte liquid mixtures. The method combines the solution-of-functional-groups concept with a model for activity coefficients based on an extension of the quasi chemical theory of liquid mixtures (UNIQUAC). The resulting UNIFAC model (UNIQUAC Functional-group Activity Coefficients) contains two adjustable parameters per pair of functional groups.By using group-interaction parameters obtained from data reduction, activity coefficients in a large number of binary and multicomponent mixtures may be predicted, often with good accuracy. This is demonstrated for mixtures containing water, hydrocarbons, alcohols, chlorides, nitriles, ketones, amines, and other organic fluids in the temperature range 275° to 400°K.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210607
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    Perturbed hard-chain theory: An equation of state for fluids containing small or large molecules (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1123-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Generalized van der Waals theory is used to establish a partition function that considers the effect of density on rotational and vibrational motions in addition to translational degrees of freedom. A three-parameter equation of state is derived from this partition function. The equation of state is applicable to small, spherical (argon-like) molecules and also to large, structurally complex molecules, including polymers. Parameters are presented for three polymers and twenty-two common fluids including light hydrocarbons, heavy hydrocarbons, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, and water. The equation of state gives good liquid densities, and vapor pressures, and fair second virial coefficients.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210612
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    Advanced control practice in the chemical process industry: A view from industry (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 27-38 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a commentary on the status of application of modern control theories to industrial chemical processes. The difficulties encountered in the implementation of advanced control to chemical reactors are critically examined in order to determine the reasons for its limited success to date. Chemical processes, very often poorly understood because of the physicochemical complexities, are nonlinear, highly interacting, spacially dependent, and continuously disturbed by many uncharacterized noises. It is time-consuming and expensive to develop advanced control methods for these systems because few of the available theories can be applied directly. Thus, we often find it difficult to economically justify advanced control projects.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220103
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    An unsteady state method for measuring the permeability of small tubular membranes (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1192-1199 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An experimental method is described for measuring the permeability of small tubular (hollow fiber) membranes by means of an unsteady state diffusion experiment. Permeability data obtained by this method are reported for experimental collagen and commercial cellulose acetate membranes for urea, sucrose, and polyethylene glycol (MW ∼ 4 000).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Reply to the note of Roger and Villermaux (1975)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 21 (1975), S. 1209-1209 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690210624
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    Polymer conversion, W. A. Holmes-Walker, Halstead Press-John Wiley, N.Y., 1975. $32.50 (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 201-201 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220132
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    Aqueous environmental chemistry of metals, Allen J. Rubin, Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. (1974). 390 pages. $20.00 (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 202-202 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220136
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    Flow through permeable beds consisting of layers of different size spheres (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 194-196 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    Transient diffusion in solids with a bipore distribution (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 147-152 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transient diffusion of n-butane, iso-butane, and 1-butene in synthetic CaX(Na) spherical pellets is studied in a constant volume, well-stirred system. The intracrystalline diffusion coefficients are in the order of 10-14 cm2/s, and the activation energy is about 7.0 Kcal/g-mole. Experimental data agree well with a mathematical model developed to describe transient diffusion.
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    An interferometric technique for the study of steady state membrane transport (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 175-182 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A membrane wedge interferometer was designed for obtaining steady state mass transfer data on liquid-membrane-liquid systems. Procedures were developed for analyzing the diffusive transfer process, and experiments were conducted on the ethyl alcohol-water-cellophane membrane system to obtain the type of data needed for elucidating mechanisms of membrane transport. The proposed technique provides an accurate method of studying membrane transport without the troublesome complications which characterize other methods.
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    A simple method of calculating effectiveness factors for heterogeneous catalytic gas-solid reactions (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 192-194 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Miscibility considerations in the system propane-hexatriacontane (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 199-200 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    Transport phenomena in aqueous solutions, Tibor Erdey-Gruz, Halsted Press (Division of John Wiley & Sons). 512 pages, $37.50, Published December 31, 1974 (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 202-202 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220134
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    Pollution engineering practice handbook, P. N. Cheremisinoff and R. A. Young, Ann Arbor Science, 1973 pages. $29.50 (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 203-203 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220138
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    Instabilities in polymer processing (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 209-236 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Instabilities which arise in shear and extensional flows in the processing of polymeric liquids are reviewed. The experimental observations and the extent of theoretical understanding of the instabilities are discussed.
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    Studies in chemical process design and synthesis II. Optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertainty (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 539-549 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The concept of the optimal synthesis of dynamic process systems with uncertain parameters is introduced. A structure parameter approach is used to theoretically derive the necessary condition for the optimal performance system structure, and an effective algorithm for implementing the synthesis method is presented. The results are applied to the optimal synthesis of a reactor-separator system for the dynamic start-up of two reaction systems.
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    Capture of small paramagnetic particles by magnetic forces from low speed fluid flows (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 569-575 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: High gradient magnetic separators are able to capture small, dilute, paramagnetic particles from high velocity fluid flows. Capture cross sections are computed and correlated with dimensionless groups for a bare ferromagnetic collector.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220322
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    Steady state multiplicity of adiabatic gas-liquid reactors: II. The two consecutive reactions case (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 324-331 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A model describing two consecutive gas-liquid reactors in a continously stirred-tank reactor is developed with reaction factors used to account for the interactions between the chemical and transport rate processes. A parametric numerical study revealed several interesting effects, including the existence of up to seven steady state solutions. The predictions of the model adequately describe the steady state multiplicity observed during the chlorination of liquid n-decane. It is shown that the steady state multiplicity can serve as an excellent tool for discriminating among rival models and estimation of kinetic parameters.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    A multicomponent film model incorporating a general matrix method of solution to the Maxwell-Stefan equations (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 383-389 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Convenient expressions for calculating multicomponent gas phase mass transfer coefficients and transfer rates are obtained by use of an exact matrix method of solution to the Maxwell-Stefan equations. The results are seen to be exact matrix analogues of classical binary relations and may also be applied as an approximation to describe liquid phase transport.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220222
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    Multicomponent, multiphase vapor-liquid equilibrium data from the method of intersecting isochores (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 399-400 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220226
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    Transport through a growing boundary layer to a permeable wall (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 407-409 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220230
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    Onset of draw resonance during isothermal melt spinning: A comparison between measurements and predictions (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 441-448 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various polymer melts were spun isothermally to determine the critical extensional strain at which draw resonance occurs. Simultaneously, the variation of apparent spinning viscosity with extensional strain was measured. Experimental results failed to confirm the theoretical prediction that strain thickening behavior leads to enhanced stability.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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    A dual functional solid liquid separation process based on filtration and settling (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 433-441 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dual functional filter combines both the mechanisms of filtration and settling or decantation. The combined mechanisms of separation permit very high degrees of sludge dewatering; for example, slurries containing 0.2 wt. % gelatinous particles have been dewatered to produce a sludge of 35 wt. % particles. A mathematical model which includes both the effects of axial (vertical) variation of pressure driving force and cake compressibility effects is used in conjunction with experimental data to evaluate the dual functional filter performance.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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    Finite amplitude equilibrium waves on the surface of nonvertical falling films (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 867-872 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Experimental data on the frequency and wavelength of finite amplitude equilibrium waves on the surface of nonvertical laminar falling films of mineral oil at moderate Reynolds numbers are correlated successfully on the basis that the frequency of the wave remains constant during the course of its amplification.
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    Diffusion of hydrocarbons in 13X zeolite (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 882-886 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of sorption of four representative hydrocarbons in 13X zeolite crystals have been investigated at temperatures within the range 409 to 513°K and pressures 0.1 to 100 torr. Extensive diffusivity data are presented showing the dependence on sorbate concentration and temperature. The form of the concentration dependence of the diffusivity for these systems is very similar to that of the small monatomic and diatomic molecules in 5A zeolite. This similarity is understandable, since the key factor which determines the diffusion behavior is the relative size of diffusing molecule and sieve window. For these hydrocarbons in the 13X sieve, as for the monatomic and diatomic gases in 5A, the critical diameters of the diffusing molecules are all appreciably smaller than the free diameter of the windows.
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    A test particle approach to flow classification for viscoelastic fluids (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 910-918 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The formulation of the Deborah and Weissenberg dimensionless numbers for viscoelastic fluids by means of a scheme based on the response of hypothetical tracer test particles having the form of elastic dumbbells is presented. By considering the dynamics of these test particles, we can classify flows as being either strong or weak. Consideration of the amount of stretching of a swarm of dumbbells in one relaxation time also provides a definition of the Weissenberg number. A simple workable definition of the Deborah number is given, and, finally, the ideas are applied to a viscoelastic lubrication case, to an inlet flow, and to the flow through porous media.
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    The effect of surfactant on the terminal and interfacial velocities of a bubble or drop (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 695-701 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Stream functions are dervied for a spherical droplet in creeping flow with an arbitary surface tension gradient at its interface. The stream functions are used to show theoretically that the terminal velocity is reduced and that the interfacial velocity is retarded, especially near the rear of the droplet, when a trace of surfactant is present in the exterior phase and when surface aging is controlled by diffusion.
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    Improving efficiency of electrostatic precipitation by physicochemical modification of the electrical resistivity of flyash (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 730-736 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Theory and experiment show that lowered resistivity of fly ash, frequently caused by adding conditioning agents to flue gas to improve efficiency of electrostatic precipitation, is caused by capillary condensation of liquid at the contact points of ash particles, thereby providing additional pathways for flow of electrical current.
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    The effect of flow maldistribution on conversion in a catalytic packed-bed reactor. Part I. Analysis (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1021-1027 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Through the statement of the vectorial form of the Ergun equation, combined with a differential component balance, a formulation was developed describing the velocity fields and reactant concentration profiles in an isothermal packed-bed reactor in which the gas flow is nonuniform. This flow maldistribution was caused by both the preferential flow near the wall, inherent in most systems, and by the deliberate arrangement of the solid packing in the bed. The numerical solution of the governing equations showed that a nonuniform flow field had a very strong effect in distorting the concentration isopleths, particularly at intermediate conversion levels.
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    Effect of dissociation and association on enzyme reaction kinetics (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 921-923 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    The linear hydrodynamic stability of film flow down a vertical cylinder (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 930-934 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    A unified treatment of drainage, withdrawal, and postwithdrawal drainage with inertial effects (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 940-942 
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    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220525
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    Vortex inhibition: Velocity profile measurements (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 947-950 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220529
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  • 92
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    The existential pleasures of engineering, Samuel C. Florman, $7.95, 160 pages, St. Martin's press, new york (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 957-958 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220533
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  • 93
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting, freezing, and channeling phenomena in ice counterwashers (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1033-1042 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Thermal phenomena are associated with the operation of ice counter-washers, a major component for the separation of ice and brine in freeze crystallization processes. Melting, freezing, and channeling in the upper leg of the counterwasher occur because of the temperature difference between the wash water and the ice and have important effects on the operation of the device. In the present study, these phenomena are modeled and analyzed and their scaling laws derived. Ice and wash water temperature distributions as well as variations in porosity and wash water flow rate due to melting and freezing in the ice plug are computed and plotted. The effect of channeling on counterwasher operation is studied and formulated in terms of the channel dimensions and ice plug properties. Growth rates of channels due to melting by the wash water are calculated. Results indicate that warm wash water and slow motion of the ice plug cause rapid channel growth and may be deleterious to counterwasher operation. Best conditions for recovery from channeling are obtained with wash water temperature close to freezing and high plug velocity.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220613
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  • 94
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    Electronic Resource
    The modeling of hematite reduction with hydrogen plus carbon monoxide mixtures: Part I. The behavior of single pellets (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1064-1072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: On the assumption of shrinking core behavior, a mathematical model was developed for representing the reduction of hematite disks with a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. In the model, experimentally measured values were used for the porosity, and the effective pore diffusivities were calculated from pseudo binary formulas. Literature data were used for the activation energies of the reactions, while the preexponential factors were obtained by data fitting. The model was found to provide a good means for representing experimental measurements of Szekely and El-Tawil (1976), both with regards to the effect of temperature and gas composition.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220617
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  • 95
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    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical modeling and optimization of the dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to form styrene (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1097-1105 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model is developed for a styrene pilot plant reactor. The steady state version of this model was used to optimize the location of a steam injection port part way along the catalytic bed. Significant improvement in reactor performance was predicted by splitting the steam feed between the reactor inlet and the injection port. Performance was measured in terms of market value of products minus a utility cost for the steam. Studies were also carried out via computer simulation to determine optimal operating conditions. An important result was the relationship of optimal steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio to the kinetic parameters which describe the main dehydrogenation reaction. A pilot plant was constructed and operated in order to investigate experimentally the predictions of the mathematical model. Instrumentation was designed and installed so that an on-line digital computer could acquire process measurements directly and establish operating conditions. The experimental program confirmed the improved performance by operation of the reactor with a steam injection port and the existence of an optimum of the steam-to-ethylbenzene feed ratio as indicated by simulation.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220621
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Order in polymer solutions, edited by K. Solc of Midland Macromolecular Institute (MMI), Gordon and Breach, 1976, 320 pages, $19.50 (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 213-213 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230217
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonisothermal nip flow in calendering operations (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 224-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An efficient and simple numerical technique is presented for analyzing nonisothermal nip flow of viscous liquids. It has been applied on calendering to calculate the design parameters as well as the interaction effects between roller characteristics, operation conditions, and material properties. Viscous heating is shown to drastically change the mechanics near the nip exit if the rollers rotate at different speeds. Consequences for scaling-up and model experiments are indicated.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230304
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics and control of continuous distillation units, O. Rademaker, J. E. Rijnsdorp and A. Maarleveld, Elsevier, Scientific Publishing Company (1975), 726 pages, $58.50 (1976)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 22 (1976), S. 1156-1156 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690220633
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Exothermic gas absorption with chemical reaction (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 17-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The film theory for gas absorption with chemical reaction has been extended to take into account the release of heat due to solution and reaction. The analysis is applied to the industrially significant sulfur trioxide-dodecylbenzene system, and large increases in interface temperature are predicted during absorption. The enhancement factor behavior is correspondingly complex owing to the interaction of solubility reduction and rate constant enlargement. Some initial experimental measurements with the laminar jet technique confirm the need for and the basic soundness of the theory.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230104
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermodynamics of the sulfur dioxide-seawater system (1977)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 23 (1977), S. 62-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The solubility of sulfur dioxide in seawater in the range 10° to 25°C and 10-5 to 1 molal is predicted based on a simplified chemical model. Estimates are also given of the resulting pH and the attendant distribution of sulfur and carbon dioxide species. Sulfur dioxide is considerably more soluble in seawater or other naturally alkaline waters than in pure water.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690230111
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