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  • bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues  (819)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Agricultural production management is facing a new era of intelligence and automation. With developments in sensor technologies, the temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution from ground/air/space platforms have been notably improved. Optical sensors play an essential role in agriculture production management. Specifically, monitoring plant health, growth conditions, and insect infestation has traditionally involved extensive fieldwork. We believe that sensors, artificial intelligence, and machine learning are not simply scientific experiments but opportunities to make our agricultural production management more efficient and cost-effective, further contributing to the healthy development of natural–human systems. This reprint compiles the latest research on optical sensors and machine learning in agricultural monitoring, including related topics: Machine learning approaches for crop health, growth, and yield monitoring; Combined multisource/multi-sensor data to improve the crop parameters mapping; Crop-related growth models, artificial intelligence models, algorithms, and precision management; Farmland environmental monitoring and management; Ground, air, and space platforms application in precision agriculture; Development and application of field robotics; High-throughput field information survey; Phenological monitoring.
    Keywords: soil moisture content ; spectral processing technology ; hyperspectral ; principal component analysis ; feature parameters extraction ; yield estimation ; rice ; unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) ; tasseled cap transformation ; precision agriculture ; weed identification ; YOLOv4-Tiny ; attention mechanism ; multiscale detection ; angle normalization ; vegetation canopy reflectance ; geostationary satellite ; path length correction ; Minnaert model ; GOCI ; winter wheat ; LSTM ; LAI ; deep learning ; land use ; land cover ; classification ; random forest ; Sentinel data ; SRTM ; feature selection ; accuracy ; validation ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; soybean ; convolutional neural network ; multispectral imagery ; fusarium head blight ; texture indices ; machine learning ; cropland ; multi-seasonal ; fractal feature ; feature extraction ; accuracy evaluation ; black soil ; UAV ; chlorophyll ; fractional vegetation cover ; maturity monitoring ; anomaly detection ; smart agriculture ; detection of apple leaf diseases ; YOLOv5 ; transformer ; CBAM ; crop type classification ; multi-temporal ; remote sensing ; dairy cows ; body condition score ; 3D TOF sensor ; non-contact evaluation ; recognize area of interest ; sugarcane clones ; canopy cover ; light interception ; biomass ; cane yield ; peanut southern blight ; reflection spectrum ; spectral index ; continuous wavelet transform ; VGNet ; corn diseases ; leaf detection ; lightweight ; transfer learning ; agriculture ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Recently, the trends of a circular economy and sustainability have driven nanotechnology towards the development of novel and innovative applications in the food packaging sector, which is rather recent compared with their use in biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Bioactive films and coatings based on natural biopolymers such as chitosan, sodium alginate and gelatin and containing antioxidant and antimicrobial agents such as micro- and nanoemulsions of phytochemicals and nanostructured materials such as quantum dots, ZnO nanoparticles, nanoclays, silicas, zeolites and activated carbons, are finding application in various sectors of the food industry, especially in the development of novel edible, active packaging films and coatings. These bioactive films and coating materials enhance solubility, improve bioavailability, facilitate controlled release, and protect bioactive components during manufacture and storage. This Issue intends to provide an overview of bioactive gel films and coatings applied in active food packaging.
    Keywords: bioactive packaging ; xanthan ; propolis ; physicochemical properties ; microbiological analyses ; sensory evaluation ; biopolymers ; antimicrobial ; environment ; film ; coating ; active packaging ; soft cheese preservation ; sodium alginate ; thyme oil ; natural zeolite ; shelf-life extension ; anthocyanin ; fruit decay ; postharvest shelf life ; Aloe vera ; antioxidant ; fig ; purple-flesh sweet-potato ; chitosan ; gel coating ; preservation ; citrus ; cinnamon ; clove ; eucalyptus ; mint ; ginger ; chamomile ; halloysite ; polyvinyl alcohol ; gel ; active coatings ; nanostructures ; kiwi fruits ; green pea pods ; corn oil ; films ; hydrogel polymer ; acacia gum ; cinnamon essential oil ; edible hydrogel-based films ; food packaging ; edible films ; composite material ; essential oil ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The states of bridge structures decline over time due to various degradation processes, such as creep, corrosion, and cyclic loading. During its life cycle, a bridge also faces the great threat of multiple hazards, such as winds, earthquakes, collisions, waves, landslides, and so on. Structural damages in an existing bridge affect operational and structural safety and weaken the sustainability of bridges. Therefore, advanced damage diagnosis techniques and safety assessment methods are strongly required to ensure structural safety and achieve infrastructure sustainability. This Special Issue aims to bring together recent scientific developments in probabilistic hazard analysis, structural exposure models, damage diagnosis methods, testing and measurement techniques, dynamic behavior and protection technology, damage mechanisms, risk assessment framework, and resilience-based approaches. Since we have past one year since this Special Issue opened, thirteen papers have been published, the majority of which focus on the structural safety assessment of bridges under wind, earthquake, collision, wave, etc. The Guest Editors believe that this reprint will provide important theoretical and technical support for bridge damage diagnosis and safety assessment and promote communication and cooperation between design, construction, research, teaching, and production.
    Keywords: self-consolidating concrete ; micro-steel fiber ; high admixture ; mechanical performance ; grid pile foundation ; ABAQUS ; load-bearing performance ; Monte Carlo method ; safety assessment ; sea-crossing bridges ; triangle elevation ; leveling method ; dynamic compensation ; total station ; harsh environment ; long distance ; sea-crossing elevation ; combined survey platform ; numerical simulation ; strong wave and deep-water conditions ; wave-current load ; working performance ; arch bridge ; ultimate span length ; theoretical analysis ; high-performance material ; strength ; stability ; bridge ; near-fault earthquake ; vertical separation ; eccentric impact ; failure mode ; pounding ; prefabricated frame bridge ; seismic behaviors ; small and medium bridge ; seismic responses ; stopper damage ; numerical method ; conformal mapping ; closed box girder ; sliding searching method ; flutter performance ; aerodynamic forces ; streamlined box girder ; coupled vibration ; potential flow ; second-order component ; bridge engineering ; temperature gradient ; parameter sensitivity ; steel slag ; concrete-filled double-skin steel tube (CFDST) ; T-joint ; seismic performance ; concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) ; laced piers ; modeling method ; design optimization ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: With the continuous improvement of artificial intelligence and sensing technologies, the marine field is ushering in unprecedented change. In this wave of change, the design and application of marine transportation have become significant tools for promoting the marine economy and environmental protection. Motion control and path planning have become key technologies to ensure that marine transportation vehicles operate efficiently and intelligently in complex marine environments. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on motion control and path planning for marine vehicles and explores how autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), surface unmanned vehicles (USVs), and deep-sea landers (DSLVs) can play a key role in the oceans through optimization strategies and new approaches. We will delve into the application of intelligent and autonomous motion control systems on marine vehicles, and the innovation and optimization of path-planning techniques. In this Special Issue, we brought together the latest results from experts and researchers, aiming to share their cutting-edge research in motion control and path planning for marine vehicles. We expect that the presentation of these papers will provide new ideas and solutions to promote marine science and technology development and application. Finally, we would like to convey our most profound gratitude to the staff of MDPI Books and the editorial team of Marine Science and Engineering, in particular the assistant editors, talented authors, and diligent reviewers.
    Keywords: motion control ; path planning ; ship motion ; marine vehicle ; unmanned ocean vehicles ; autonomouslearning and AI ; cooperation and coordination ; unmanned marine vehicle swarm ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: In human social development, the consumption of fossil energy, especially coal, has promoted economic prosperity, cultural exchanges, and social progress. With shallow coal resources exhausted, coal mining engineering has entered deep areas. The coal geology environment of the deep area differs from that of the shallow. With mining depth increasing, all the stress of buried rock stratum and surrounding rock and gas pressure of coal seam increase gradually. In addition, geological structures, such as complex faults, big folds, and thick-hard roofs, will increase the risk of coal mining. Once the dynamic disaster occurs, it will induce miner casualties and property losses. So, it is urgent to identify mine hazards, such as coal and gas outbursts, rock bursts, gas explosions, and coal fires, and research their formation mechanism, occurrence, and development process. Furthermore, prevention and control methods should be proposed to reduce mine disasters. Only in this way can we promote the safe, green, and efficient development of coal mining. This Topical Collection, titled “Mine Hazards Identification, Prevention, and Control,” aims to allow global researchers to conduct a broader scientific and technological discussion on such advances to improve the prevention and control level of disasters encountered during underground coal mining. The discussion topics include, but are not limited to, the basic experiments, modeling, numerical simulation, and field tests of aforementioned disasters.
    Keywords: mine hazards ; coal/rock disasters ; coal and gas outburst ; monitoring and early warning ; prevention and control ; identification method ; gas explosions ; coal fires ; composite dynamic disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This topic reprint "Application of Innovative Power Electronic Technologies" encompasses a diverse range of topics and discoveries that addresses the increasing global demand for energy conversion in the context of sustainable energy, electric vehicles, industrial automation, and smart grids. This reprint brought together a selection of papers that delve into new technologies and practical applications of power electronics, offering insights into the challenges and solutions faced in the design and implementation of advanced energy conversion techniques.
    Keywords: power electronics ; energy conversion ; innovative technologies ; smart grid applications ; electric vehicle integration ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Acoustic sensors have been utilized commercially for more than 60 years. Acoustic sensing technologies have been studied extensively and the information, transmission, reception, transformation, processing, and application of acoustic signals have been developed, with acoustic sensors as the central focus. An acoustic sensor is a device that converts a sound wave signal into an electrical signal. This Special Issue on Acoustic Sensors and Their Applications presents original research covering recent advances in all aspects of the design, development, testing, and application of acoustic sensors.
    Keywords: Acoustic&nbsp ; emission ; piezoelectric&nbsp ; transducer ; hybrid acoustic model ; &nbsp ; structural health monitoring ; non-destructive testing ; computational paralinguistics ; pencil lead break test ; leak detection ; optical microphone ; speaker recognition ; thickness measurement ; sound navigation and ranging ; noise control ; infinity tube ; ultrasonic measurement ; air-coupled ultrasound ; ATP system in air ; optical ultrasound detection. ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Biomedical sensors stand at the forefront of modern medical technologies, serving as indispensable components in diverse instruments and equipment. These sensors unravel the intricacies of biological processes and medical interventions. The recent surge in high-density sensor systems, characterized by arrangements in matrix arrays and other configurations, has ushered in a new era of functional evaluation. This spans electrophysiological activity, the metabolic responses of organs and tissues, and motor control analysis, all enriched with crucial spatial information. Functional mapping, a burgeoning approach in various biomedical techniques such as EEG, EMG, ECG, NIRS, and MEG, is proving to be transformative. Its integration enhances our comprehension of complex biological behaviors, where the precise spatial localization of sensing methodologies becomes paramount. The applications of functional mapping using biomedical sensors extend across multiple fields, including neuroscience, neuromuscular physiology, rehabilitation, and cardiology. Its utility ranges from diagnostic purposes to assessing the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. The primary objective of this reprint was to collect papers that delineate the forefront of techniques, methods, and applications in the realm of biomedical sensors. Additionally, the focus extends to specific algorithms for data processing, ensuring a robust understanding of functional information intricately associated with spatial localization.
    Keywords: EMG ; EEG ; rehabilitation ; neuromotor ; evaluation ; assessment ; review ; machine learning ; biofeedback ; transfer learning ; random forest classifier ; COVID-19 ; intubation ; tracheoesophageal fistula ; tracheal lesions ; acute respiratory distress syndrome ; modeling ; intensive care unit ; muscle synergies ; whole body FES ; neurological patients ; photodynamic therapy ; fluorescence ; laser ; fluorophores ; enamel ; effective connectivity ; kurtosis ; resting-state connectivity ; stationarity ; sleep monitoring ; pressure bed sensor (PBS) ; unobtrusive measure ; multi-scale analysis ; sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) ; shift-working ; optically detected magnetic resonance ; quantum magnetometer ; magnetoencephalography ; time domain ; functional near infrared spectroscopy ; diffuse optics ; brain ; hemodynamics ; resting-state brain oscillation ; mental workload ; signal processing ; reliability ; cognitive performance ; Simon task ; emotion detection ; valence ; arousal ; wearable sensors ; regression ; classification ; technology acceptance model ; rehabilitation exoskeletons ; therapists ; neuro-rehabilitation ; multiple linear regression ; Pearson’s correlation ; integrated sensor systems ; hand function ; hand osteoarthritis ; electromyography ; diagnosis ; discriminant analysis ; photoplethysmogram ; microcirculation ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; modelling ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Special Issue entitled “Advances in Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering” is devoted to the publication of the latest research, field works, and laboratory investigations in the area of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering. This Special Issue has published novel contributions in different areas of geotechnical and geomechanical engineering such as slope and embankment, tunneling and underground space technologies, pile and foundation, rock mechanics and rock blasting, excavation and leveling projects, ground improvement techniques, unsaturated soil, practical issues in soft soil, mining technology, geo-environmental engineering, new laboratory testing, applied geology for construction, and novel geotechnical construction methods. The focus of this reprint is on the development of computational methods for solving problems in the fields of rock mechanics and geotechnical engineering.
    Keywords: strength prediction ; brittle rock ; grain-structure representation ; micro-properties ; bonded block models ; Voronoi tessellation ; structure-type rockburst ; evolution mechanism ; particle flow code ; flat-joint model ; pre-grouting ; soft coal mass ; coal-grout structure ; shear behavior ; quality improvement ; rock strength ; tensile behaviour ; neuro-fuzzy ; regression ; non-destructive tests ; paste filling ; slicing mining ; false roof stability ; optimal false roof thickness ; tree-based techniques ; feature selection ; pile bearing capacity ; gradient boosted tree ; random forest ; in situ stress ; rock blasting ; crack propagation ; model test ; rheological deformation ; key stratum ; roadway groups ; roadway deformation ; surrounding rock control ; triaxial creep experiment ; cyclic loading and unloading ; elasto-visco-plastic strain ; irrecoverable strain ; tertiary creep stage ; nonlinear creep damage model ; high-altitude slope ; BP neural network ; freeze-thaw cycle ; geological conditions ; mining method ; soft broken complex ore body ; improved AHP ; comprehensive evaluation index ; blasting ; back-break ; SVM ; metaheuristic algorithms ; moth–flame optimization ; whale optimization algorithm ; tilted strata ; roadway ; nonuniform deformation ; physical simulation ; HFDEM ; numerical method ; rock fracture ; strain rate ; mining engineering ; backfill mining ; high-concentration backfill ; elastic modulus ; K-fold cross-validation ; mining ; rock engineering ; sensitivity analysis ; XGBoost ; limit equilibrium method (LEM) ; limit analysis ; accuracy ; slope stability ; homogenous slopes ; error accuracy classification chart ; physical and mechanical responses ; Egyptian granodiorite ; thermal damage threshold ; microstructure ; thermal constructions ; rock slope analysis ; limited analysis method ; numerical methods ; combined/hybrid finite–discrete element method ; FDEM ; non-renewable ; clean coal technology ; waste of resources ; “110 construction method” ; collapse settlement control ; moisture content ; dry–wet cycles ; cyclic loading ; injury mechanism ; acoustic emission RA-AF ; thermal effect prediction model ; uniaxial compressive strength ; static Young’s modulus ; artificial neural network ; multilinear regression ; rock mass ; hydraulic conductivity ; sustainability ; rock mechanics ; geotechnical engineering ; geomechanical engineering ; mining technology ; natural stones ; temperature ; fire ; thermal effect ; point load strength ; porosity ; color ; gloss ; automated mineral identification ; LBP ; classification ; texture feature ; liquefaction potential ; prediction ; Bayesian optimization ; support vector machines ; optimization ; Hoek–Brown criterion ; Mohr failure envelope ; Balmer’s equation ; limit equilibrium analysis ; modified Bishop approach ; active earth pressure ; unsaturated narrow backfill ; interlayer shear stress ; arching effect ; thin-layer element method ; tunnel excavation ; cut blasting method ; LLB method ; uncharged hole ; numerical simulation ; spectrum index ; water content ; hyperspectral information ; V-type firing pattern ; collision fragmentation ; RSA ; ANN ; coupled stress-hydro effect ; uniaxial loading ; infrared radiation ; warning threshold ; non-destructive monitoring ; alteration ; tunnel ; stress field ; deformation field ; plastic zone ; flyrock ; weathering index (WI) ; equilibrium optimizer (EO) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; extreme learning machine (ELM) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; high-water material ; seawater ; water-cement ratio ; strength ; mining method optimization ; difficult-to-mine complicated orebody ; multiple attribute decision making ; Pythagorean fuzzy sets and TOPSIS method ; mechanized upward horizontal layering method ; plateau alluvial-lacustrine deposits ; round gravelly soil ; large scale direct shear test ; shear strength parameters ; Erbil ; geotechnical characterization ; GIS ; ANFIS ; differential evolution ; firefly algorithm ; frozen rock mass blasting ; ice-filled crack ; explosion stress wave propagation ; attenuation factor ; UCS ; intelligent and statistical methods ; sedimentary rocks ; modulus of deformation ; RMR ; in situ testing ; modelling ; instrumentation ; failure risk ; element failure probability ; spatial variability ; stochastic groundwater level ; upper bound method ; rock joints ; shear strength ; scale effects ; normal stress ; JRC ; PFC simulation ; water inrush ; precursor ; strain energy ; normalized ; sustainable mine ; blast-induced flyrock ; LSSVM ; prediction models ; salt cavern ; underground gas storage ; continuum-discrete coupled method ; thermal-mechanical coupling ; thermal damage ; marble strength ; direct and indirect methods ; correlations analysis ; artificial intelligence techniques ; performance indicators ; resonant column test ; torsional simple shear test ; damping ratio ; steady-state vibration ; free vibration decay ; bibliometric analysis ; pile foundation ; sustainable structure ; VOS viewer ; Web of Science ; red clay ; desiccation cracking mechanism ; digital image correlation technology ; strain ; displacement ; mineral carbonation ; comminution energy ; stress–strain relationship ; elastic properties ; radial distribution function ; crown deformation ; underground caverns ; parametric study ; multiple linear regression ; twin tunnels ; 3D numerical analysis ; surface settlement ; field measurement ; geotechnical and geological conditions ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Energy crises and environmental pollution are two serious problems facing the development of human society. Photocatalysis is a promising environmentally friendly technology to address the above issues due to its low energy input and carbon footprint. In particular, graphitic carbon nitride, a typical organic–nonmetallic semiconductor photocatalyst, has become a research hotspot due to its unique properties; g-C3N4 is innoxious, inexpensive, easy to synthesize, has an appropriate energy band gap (2.7 eV), and demonstrates outstanding thermal stability and chemical stability. Nevertheless, some inherent scientific factors, such as its small surface area, low utilization of visible light, and fast recombination of electrons and holes, limit its applications in the field of photocatalysis. Among key modification methods, the construction of a heterojunction/homojunction between graphitic carbon nitride and other semiconductor photocatalysts with interleaved energy band positions is an effective approach to improve photocatalytic activity, attributed to the accelerated photon-generated carrier transfer rate. In particular, such S-scheme structures can simultaneously accelerate photon-generated carrier transfer rates and yield higher redox potentials. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a neoteric g-C3N4-based photocatalytic system that can further promote the development of photocatalysis.
    Keywords: amine-based pharmaceutical ; graphene ; g-C3N4 ; nizatidine ; photocatalysts ; solar irradiation ; donor-acceptor ; graphitic carbon nitride ; PTCDA ; photocatalysis ; CO2 reduction ; g-C3N4@Cu0.5In0.5S ; S-scheme heterojunction ; hollow nanostructure ; photothermal effect ; FeTCPP@CNNS ; g-C3N4 nanosheets ; photocatalytic ; visible light ; SrTiO3 ; GO ; Rh active sites modification ; photocatalytic overall water splitting ; energy conversion ; pharmaceutical compounds ; catalyst ; wastewater ; treatment ; photothermal-assisted ; black g-C3N4 ; degradation ; cyano group defects ; semiconductors ; hydrogen peroxide ; photocatalyst ; Sb2S3 ; PANI ; ZnO ; reaction parameters ; structure design ; exfoliation ; quantum dots ; nanocomposite ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 11
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue compiles11 research papers published in the field of forestry and wood processing technology. In particular, this Special Issue highlights the research on timber saw, biomass and waste from resinous branches, forest by-products, log exploitation, the primary processing of round wood in timber with a band saw, the quality of exploited wood, and the role of the forest and forest ecosystem on the environment. Regarding wood science processes, this Special Issue presents works on cutting round wood in timber and veneers, technology 4.0, the manufacture of furniture and musical instruments, acoustical properties, wood biomass, including briquettes and pellets, thermochemical treatments of wood and pellets, finishing processes, and the restoration of cultural heritage objects using classical technologies and chemical materials. A lot of material waste was used to obtain better composites or chemical substances to obtain wood-based composites with better properties and low-level formaldehyde emission.
    Keywords: Wooden heritage object ; Forest biomass ; Wood products ; Forest environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-02-29
    Description: The monograph is devoted to the system analysis of approaches to the building of models of chemical-technological systems, on the basis of which a systematic concept of building of models and the issues of solving decision-making problems for managing the operating modes of technological objects is proposed. The problems of the development of mathematical models and the optimization of complex chemical-technological systems are investigated, using the example of technological objects of oil refining, in conditions of uncertainty caused by the lack of reliable quantitative information and the fuzziness of available information. The structure of the monograph consists of an introduction, the main part of four sections, a conclusion and a list of sources of information. In the main part of the work, the current state of the problems of mathematical modelling of technological objects of oil refining production is analyzed. Methods of mathematical modelling and decision-making in the management of technological objects according to environmental and economic criteria are chosen as the direction of research. Methods of building mathematical models of chemical-technological systems of oil refining in a fuzzy environment have been investigated and proposed, and models of the technological complex of the catalytic reforming unit have been developed. An approach to the creation of a package of models for system modelling of the technological complex of the catalytic reforming unit is described. An algorithm for the synthesis of models of a technological complex of oil refining based on fuzzy information is proposed. Expert assessments have been carried out to develop a mathematical description of the technological complex of the reforming unit, a method has been developed for carrying out expert procedures in a fuzzy environment. The formulations of decision-making problems for the control of the technological complex of the reforming unit are formulated and, based on the modification of various optimality principles, heuristic algorithms for their solution are developed. The properties of the developed algorithms for solving decision-making problems have been investigated and a method for their selection in solving specific production problems has been proposed. A mathematical formulation of the decision-making problem for optimizing the operating modes of the catalytic reforming unit in a fuzzy environment is obtained and the results of its solution based on the proposed fuzzy approach are presented. The structure is created and the main functional blocks of the computer decision support system based on the object models are described. The issues of software implementation of the developed models are considered and a description of the interface of the computer system for modelling the units of the reforming unit and decision support for optimizing their operation modes is given.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Mathematical model ; Multi-criteria optimization ; Decision making ; Fuzzy information ; Technological object of oil refining ; Catalytic reforming unit ; System of modelling and decision-making support ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 13
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This Special Issue brings together the latest advancements across various facets of viscous and viscoelastic fluid flows. Encompassing a spectrum of contributions, the topics span from innovative numerical methods and sophisticated mathematical modeling to cutting-edge experimental research. In addition to providing insights into the current state of research in these domains, the issue aims to foster a comprehensive understanding of the intricate dynamics and behaviors exhibited by viscous and viscoelastic fluids.
    Keywords: numerical methods ; analytical solutions ; boundary conditions ; computational rheology ; computational fluid dynamics ; mathematical models ; viscoelasticity ; complex viscous-viscoelastic flows ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 14
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The fatigue of metallic materials stands as a pivotal challenge in engineering applications. Exploring the fatigue damage mechanism and fatigue life prediction of metallic materials is of paramount importance. This reprint includes articles that explore relevant topics, and they are intended for academic researchers, engineers, and students seeking a comprehensive understanding of the recent advancements in this field.
    Keywords: 7075 aluminum alloy ; outdoor exposure ; actual marine atmosphere ; pre-corrosion ; fatigue ; fretting fatigue ; digital image correlation ; relative slip ; tangential contact stiffness ; planetary transmission ; hierarchical analysis ; finite element method ; reliability modeling ; fatigue test ; nickel-based superalloy ; non-unified constitutive models ; creep-fatigue ; cyclic softening ; stress relaxation ; 2D-EBSD mapping ; intragranular misorientation ; KAM and GROD ; isotropic linear evolution ; mesoscopic plastic strain ; 3D polycrystalline plasticity model ; nickel-based alloy GH4169 ; complex stress state ; biaxial fatigue ; fatigue crack behavior ; phase field methods ; fatigue fracture ; performance improvement strategies ; rails ; rail steel ; reutilization ; fatigue life ; rail reliability ; crack ; geometric factor ; support vector regression ; pilot plant ; shape optimization ; flow guide disk ; vent hole ; design optimization ; fatigue crack initiation ; short crack ; Neuber’s rule ; strain energy density (SED) ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; TRIP steel ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 15
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages linked to these systems are the ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small molecular weight or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has been further demonstrated through the delivery of vaccines, protection of cosmetic actives, or improvement in the moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations. Currently, lipid-based nanosystems are well established, and there are already different commercially approved formulations for different human disorders. This success has actually paved the way to diversifying the pipeline of development, upon addressing unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer; neurological disorders; and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases. This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels.
    Keywords: design of experiment ; porcine mucous membrane ; ophthalmic tissues ; permeation ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; gentiopicroside ; phospholipid complex ; self-nanoemulsion drug delivery system ; oral bioavailability ; pharmacokinetics ; antioxidants ; marine bio-waste ; bioactive compounds ; neurodegenerative diseases ; NLC ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; SLN ; intranasal administration ; nose-to-brain ; exosome ; drug loading ; exosomal delivery ; large-scale production ; lipid nanoparticles ; mucoadhesion ; ocular bioavailability ; surface modification ; liposomes ; baricitinib ; JAK-inhibitor ; transepidermal delivery ; skin permeation ; lipid NPs ; breast cancer ; siRNA delivery ; gene silencing ; personalized therapy ; bimatoprost ; central composite design ; glaucoma ; HET-CAM test ; solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) ; perillyl acid ; biodistribution ; empty lipid nanoparticles ; reactogenicity ; xenobiotics ; ionizable lipids ; isoniazid ; in vivo pharmacokinetics ; drug release profile ; histopathological toxicity ; mannosylation ; nanocarriers ; Chagas disease ; Trypanosoma cruzi ; in vivo assays ; quality by design ; plumbagin ; diabetes ; in vitro ; niosomes ; levosulpiride ; antidepressant ; acute toxicity ; in vivo imaging ; bioavailability ; cisplatin ; co-encapsulation ; mifepristone ; synergism ; gefitinib ; lipid ; surfactant ; stability ; breast cancer cell ; MTT assay ; anticancer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 16
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Fault detection and state estimation are essential tasks for ensuring the reliability, safety and performance of automatic control systems. They play a critical role in detecting and isolating faults quickly and accurately, enabling timely corrective action and preventing system failures. The field of fault detection and state estimation has seen significant advances in recent years, driven by the integration of advanced methodologies with cutting-edge technologies, in particular artificial intelligence and deep learning. These techniques have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in fault diagnosis, state estimation and fault-tolerant control, especially in complex multi-sensor systems. This Special Issue highlights and discusses the design and application of fault detection algorithms, the design and application of state estimation methods, the design and application of machine learning algorithms, the analysis of automatic control system characteristics, and the design and application of intelligent control systems. Nevertheless, many challenges remain and require attention, including scalability, computational efficiency, online implementation, fault isolation, fault recovery and fault-tolerant control. Additional research efforts are therefore essential to advance both the theory and practice of this critical task.
    Keywords: Intelligent Control ; Intelligent Modeling ; Computational Intelligence ; Artificial Intelligence ; State Estimation ; Fault Detection ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 17
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This textbook “Applied Mathematics in Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity” was authored to provide the reader solid mathematical background for studying “ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity”, as a supplemental reference to my three course books; “Ferroelectric Devices 2nd Edition (2010)”, “Micromechatronics 2nd Edition (2019)”, and “FEM and Micromechatronics with ATILA Software (2008)”, all published from CRC Press. “Physics” prefers “simplicity”; converting a complicated phenomenon expressed by a function.
    Keywords: ferroelectrics ; piezoelectricity ; phenomenology ; applied mathematics ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
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  • 18
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: As people become more environmentally aware and recycle , the reuse of waste materials and the application of sustainable techniques in the construction field have become popular. This reprint collates new green and sustainable infrastructure construction materials, including cement and asphalt concrete, biomass, and composite infrastructure materials. This collection should be used as a guidance for the future field application of new techniques for the improved environmental sustainability of infrastructure constructions.
    Keywords: sustainable infrastructure materials ; green cement concrete ; asphalt and mixtures ; material and structure of road engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 19
    Publication Date: 2024-02-27
    Description: Collective monograph contains the results of scientific research devoted to the search for effective scientific and applied solutions for the operation of logistics systems. The problems posed are considered through the prism of technological and economic views, which contributes to the formation of the practical significance of the results of systematic research, which are highlighted in the monograph. Section 1 examines which multimodal logistics solutions in emergency situations and transport security threats have proven effective during the war in Ukraine. The given transport and logistics solutions can be considered promising from the point of view of integrative capabilities at a new level of transport competitiveness and defense capability. In Section 2, practical measures are proposed to improve logistics solutions in transport and customs services in international traffic to ensure the efficiency and reliability of the national economy. In Section 3, the impact of information provision of truck crews performing transport tasks on road traffic is investigated, and an effective scheme for information support of cargo delivery conditions is developed. In Section 4, solutions are proposed for evaluating the effectiveness of the ecological system project using the "discounted payback period" criterion, which takes into account transformational changes in its life cycle model. In Section 5, solutions are proposed that allow for a reasonable selection of the composition of consumers and partners for each enterprise, taking into account their characteristics and strategies of information interaction, ensuring an increase in the efficiency of the "consumer - enterprise - partner" system based on the criterion of profit maximization. The monograph is intended for practitioners who are engaged in the search and implementation of effective technological solutions in the field of logistics, in particular according to economic criteria, and scientists who investigate applied problems of the functioning of logistics systems. The monograph can also be useful to postgraduate and master's students of universities in the relevant educational and scientific profile.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Transportation events ; Humanitarian supply chains ; Intermodal transportation ; Traffic safety management information systems ; Customs service ; Logistics risks ; Containerized transportation ; Cargo delivery ; Logistics chain of flow delays ; Ecological system ; Information interaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 20
    Publication Date: 2024-03-14
    Description: This open access book is dedicated to exploring methods and charting the course for enhancing engineering education in and beyond 2023. It delves into the idea that education, coupled with social connections, is indispensable for a more profound comprehension of the world and the creation of an improved quality of life. The book serves as a conduit for incorporating complex problem-solving into engineering education across various formats. It offers a structured approach for tackling complex issues, comparing an array of techniques for managing complexity within the realm of engineering education. Moreover, the book scrutinizes several complex case studies derived from the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals. Additionally, it explores intricate problem-solving and curriculum change case studies specific to engineering education from Harvard University, the University of Technology Sydney, and Aalborg University.
    Keywords: System Thinking in Education ; Engineering Education ; Complexity in Engineering Education ; Complex Problem Solving in Engineering Education ; Problem Solving in Education ; Design Engineering in Education ; Mega Projects in Engineering Education ; Human Challenges in Education ; Sustainable Development Goals and Education ; Engineering Education Curricula ; Social Challenges and Engineering ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNT Teaching skills & techniques ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNK Organization & management of education::JNKC Curriculum planning & development
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  • 21
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This reprint serves as an introduction to the groundbreaking research work that explores the remarkable advancements in biosensor technology and its profound impact on the fields of biomedicine and environmental research. It aims to elucidate the subject's scope, provide future research directions, and highlight potential applications. This reprint is dedicated to the scientific community, researchers, and professionals seeking to expand their knowledge of biosensing. We express our gratitude to all those who have supported and contributed to this scientific endeavor.
    Keywords: live-cell immunoassay ; topographic micropatterns ; on-chip cytokine detection ; nasopharyngeal cancer ; integrated microfluidics ; retinol-binding protein 4 ; type 2 diabetes mellitus ; aptasensor ; colorimetric ; gold nanoparticles ; diagnosis ; biosensing ; fluorescent probe ; AIE ; RNA ; CAG repeats ; nucleic acid aptamer ; DNA and RNA Capture-SELEX ; small molecule contaminant ; characterization ; aptamer ; biosensing applications ; microfluidic ; impedance biosensor ; electrical impedance flow cytometer ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; metal nanoparticles ; immunosensor ; MXene ; MoS2 ; graphene ; MOF ; biomarkers ; graphitic carbon nitride ; black phosphorous ; 2D-LDHs ; boron nitrides ; graphdiyne ; metal–organic frameworks ; luminescence ; surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ; multiplexed detection ; polymer dots ; biosensors ; fluorescent probes ; semiconducting polymers ; molecular imaging ; DNA sensor ; silver ion detection ; minidumbbell ; non-B DNA ; C·C mismatch ; cTnI ; PEC immunosensor ; bismuth vanadate ; bismuth sulfide ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 22
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Zeolites are crystalline aluminosilicates possessing a 3D network structure. They are widely considered to have been the leading materials of the last few decades in the fields of chemical engineering, energy sources, and environmental protection. Zeolites with various pore sizes can be obtained with different ratios of SiO2 and Al2O3, demonstrating large specific areas and strong gas adsorption. Therefore, they are commonly used for various processes, such as dehydration, gas separation and synthesis, air pollution control (H2S, SO2, and NOx decontamination), fuel conversion (electrolyte film), petroleum cracking, and others, playing the roles of a membrane, catalyst, and support. This Special Issue is dedicated to novel research and discussions on zeolites, with a focus on, but not limited to, the following: (1) Fundamental research on mechanisms of the formation of pores for zeolites; (2) Zeolites used as the membrane, catalyst, and support; (3) Theoretical simulation and machine learning research for zeolites; (4) Novel applications for zeolites; (5) Related porous materials
    Keywords: cerium oxide ; photocatalysis ; flash combustion ; water treatment ; air purification ; visible light ; alkali ions ; sodalite ; transesterification ; kinetics ; thermodynamic ; mechanism ; adsorption ; natural zeolite support ; single and double metal oxide catalysts ; synergistic mechanism ; SAPO-34 ; zeolites ; crystallization ; esterification ; propyl levulinate ; Zn-BEA zeolites ; dealumination ; acid–base characteristics ; propane dehydrogenation with CO2 ; propene ; Cu-SSZ-16 ; Ce content ; NH3-SCR ; low temperature ; hydrothermal stability ; zeolitic membranes ; gas separation and purification ; metal–organic frameworks ; bimetallic ; electrocatalysts ; CO2 utilization ; syngas ; zeolite ; catalyst ; pore structure ; redox ; applications ; propane oxidation dehydrogenation (ODHP) ; N2O ; Cu-BEA ; density functional theory (DFT) ; microkinetic modelling ; Mn-Ce/CuX catalyst ; zinc species poisoning ; low-temperature NH3-SCR ; benzene alkylation ; H-ZSM-5 zeolite ; Al spatial distribution ; DFT calculation ; ZSM-5 ; NOx removal ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 23
    Publication Date: 2024-03-05
    Description: The monograph is devoted to the study of dynamic processes in technical systems for various technological purposes. A new approach and methodology is proposed for a systemic, synergistic approach, taking into account the influence of energy fields of physical and mechanical effects, transformation and inversion of types of energy action. Models and equations of motion of discrete and continuous dynamic systems, dispersed media in the spectrum of their processing are considered. Changes in the parameters of subsystems are revealed: working mediums, mechanical systems, the processes of their interaction are investigated on the basis of taking into account their stress-strain state. The processes of grinding, sorting, mixing, compaction of materials and media are considered. The intensification of physical and mechanical processes, methods and means of their creation was achieved by the systematization and complexity of approaches due to the joint consideration of the mutual influence of the internal properties of subsystems. The processes of material processing by superresonant, subresonant and multi-mode parameters are investigated. Methods for determining effective parameters and modes of their operation are proposed. The processes of grinding, sorting, mixing, compaction of the processing medium in the field of vibration load are described. As a result of the research carried out, new properties of the behavior of discrete-continuous systems under power load conditions are revealed. For the first time, the stresses and deformations of both working bodies and media were taken into account to create energy-saving vibration systems for various technological processes. The carried out scientific research makes it possible to obtain the laws of change in the state of dispersed media under the action of power loads by technical systems, new technological and design solutions were proposed.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Technical systems ; Technological media ; Grinding ; Sorting ; Mixing ; Compaction ; Cavitation ; Models ; Continuous and discrete parameters ; Force loads ; Stresses ; Deformations ; Energy ; Synergetics ; Vibration amplitude ; Vibration frequency ; Laws of motion ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 24
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Reprint Book provides recent studies addressing encapsulation systems for active compounds (e.g., drugs and food ingredients) to improve the quality of life around the world. The content may be helpful for the colleagues and students working on encapsulation of active compounds.
    Keywords: carboxymethyl chitosan ; mangosteen ; deodorant ; skin moisturizing ; trans-2-nonenal ; accelerated stability test ; guava ; carotenoids ; microencapsulation ; mucilage ; spray-drying ; aloe vera ; Opuntia ficus-indica ; ar-turmerone ; polymeric nanoparticles ; anticancer activity ; release study ; biodegradable polymers ; apple fiber ; trehalose ; sucrose ; blackberry phenolics ; blackberry volatiles ; starch ; Bisphenol A ; Moringa leaf extract ; encapsulating Moringa leaf extract ; nanoparticles ; alginate ; chitosan ; Ib-M peptides ; E. coli ; peptide stability ; polyethylene glycol methacrylate ; oregano ; phenolic compounds ; nanoencapsulation ; bioaccessibility ; curcumin ; zebrafish embryogenesis ; oxidative stress ; neuroprotection ; PCL nanoparticles ; paraquat ; grafted microparticles ; sodium hyaluronate ; crosslinked microparticles ; metronidazole adsorption ; adsorption isotherm ; adsorption kinetics ; metronidazole release ; polyelectrolyte ; complex coacervate ; polyamine ; stimulus-responsive materials ; controlled release ; encapsulation ; hybrids ; clay ; sodium alginate ; rosemary essential oil ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 25
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on both advanced metals and their alloys and the areas of physical and process metallurgy, materials science, and processing techniques. Specific areas of interest also include titanium/nickel-based superalloys, intermetallics, advanced metallic materials, nanomaterials, metal matrix composites, functional materials, related synthesis and processing techniques, finite element modelling, statistical analysis, physical/mechanical property characterization, experimental validation, and other relevant phenomena. Physical metallurgy is important in the design and optimization of advanced materials with superior physical and mechanical properties through microstructural modifications and processing techniques. The goal of reprint was to bring together recent progress, novel technologies, and advanced equipment for the design and development of advanced metals and alloys and provide guidelines/benchmarks for further research in related areas. Composites, intermetallics, and nanomaterials as well as functional materials will be also included. Some of the recent advances in the field of advanced metals and alloys include novel material processing techniques, manufacturing methods and theories, microstructural characterization, modelling development, and advanced equipment. Conventional and nonconventional processes related to machining, forming, laser processing, additive/subtractive manufacturing, surface modification, and the solidification of high-performance alloys/metals are also included.
    Keywords: Fe-rich Al–Si alloy ; β-Al5FeSi phase ; cooling rate ; melt spinning ; microstructure ; strengthening mechanisms ; Zn-Mg-Ti alloy ; biodegradable metals ; mechanical properties ; cytotoxicity ; Fe-B-W alloy ; manganese ; aluminum ; molten zinc ; microanalysis ; corrosion ; hydrogenated–dehydrogenated titanium powder ; laser directed energy deposition ; mechanical property ; radio frequency plasma technique ; high entropy alloy ; bulk metallic glass ; similar element substitution/addition ; glass forming ability ; lattice distortion ; sapphire ; surface metallization ; deposition mechanism ; wettability ; low-temperature joining ; silver alloy bonding wire ; bonding strength ; vulcanization resistance ; cathodic passivation ; Mg–Nd alloy ; precipitate ; eutectic growth ; modelling and simulation ; recrystallization ; microstructure-property characterization simulation and modeling ; heat treatment and surface treatment ; TC4 alloy ; EBCHM ; aging treatment ; glass-forming ability ; corrosion behavior ; amorphous alloy ; phase transformation ; mechanical behavior ; corrosion wear resistance ; gear grinding ; white layer ; grinding temperature ; surface integrity ; AlSi10Mg alloy ; friction stir processing ; grain boundary ; texture ; dynamic recrystallization ; silver wire ; wire bonding ; chloride ions ; ion migration ; galvanic corrosion ; Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys ; grain size ; solution treatment ; microalloying ; microstructural evolution ; laser-powder bed fusion ; MgAl2O4 ; TiB2 ; metallothermic reduction ; SHS powder metallurgy ; combustion wave propagation ; HSLA steel ; microstructural characterization ; laser welding ; thick plate ; corrosion resistance ; high entropy alloys ; lightweight ; magnesium alloys ; ultrasound treatment ; solution ; aging ; Mg17Al12 ; converter ; vortex ; flow field analysis ; numerical simulation ; steel ball ; skew rolling ; cold forming ; stainless steel ; copper–scandium CuSc ; copper alloy ; differential scanning calorimetry DSC ; precipitation kinetics ; cold-working ; cold-rolling ; activation energy ; Kissinger method ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 26
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue covers manufacturing of a smart polymer composites via choice of ingredients, such as polymer, filler, and additives, as well as their unique composition. It also covers the smart processing of polymer composites, which is influenced by the choice of mixers, processing condition, processing technique, etc.
    Keywords: thermoplastic polyurethane ; expanded bead ; supercritical CO2 foaming ; expansion ratio ; resilience ; hardness ; poly(lactic acid) ; lignin ; maleic anhydride ; chemical modification ; 3D printing filament ; SEBS ; membrane ; water uptake ; impedance spectroscopy ; ionic conductivity ; phlogopite ; natural rubber (NR) ; ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) ; mechanical properties ; compatibility ; nylon 6 ; polyketone ; chain extender ; hydrogen bonding ; chain branching ; chain crosslinking ; melt viscosity ; shape memory polymer ; NIR light responsive ; semicrystalline maleated polyolefin elastomer ; polyaniline ; melt blending ; adhesive ; fluorosilicone ; thermal conductivity ; magnesium oxide ; boron nitride ; syntactic foams ; hyperbranched polymer ; polyamide 6 ; hollow glass microsphere ; lubricant ; compatibilizer ; composites ; silica ; silane ; hydrolysis ; interfacial adhesion ; zinc mechanism ; hybrid flame retardant materials ; influence of gypsum ; minimum total heat release ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 27
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    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Transition Engineering: Building a Sustainable Future examines new strategies emerging in response to the mega-issues of global climate change, decline in world oil supply, scarcity of key industrial minerals, and local environmental constraints. These issues pose challenges for organizations, businesses, and communities, and engineers will need to begin developing ideas and projects to implement the transition of engineered systems. This work presents a methodology for shifting away from unsustainable activities. Teaching the Transition Engineering approach and methodology is the focus of the text, and the concept is presented in a way that engineers can begin applying it in their work.
    Keywords: building life-cycle cost analysis;energy policies;environmental costs;global climate change;input-output analysis;local environmental constraints;resource management;sustainability;transition engineering;world oil supply ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNK Conservation of the environment ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RP Regional & area planning::RPC Urban & municipal planning ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PH Physics::PHD Classical mechanics::PHDY Energy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TG Mechanical engineering & materials::TGB Mechanical engineering
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  • 28
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 29
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The Special Issue “Demand Response in Smart Grids” includes 11 papers on a variety of topics. The success of this Special Issue demonstrates the relevance of demand response programs and events in the operation of power and energy systems at both the distribution level and at the wide power system level. This reprint addresses the design, implementation, and operation of demand response programs, with focus on methods and techniques to achieve an optimized operation as well as on the electricity consumer.
    Keywords: demand response ; population evolution ; irrational behavior ; Markov state ; non-cooperative game ; solid electric thermal storage ; cyber–physical model ; K-means ; support vector machine ; neural network ; data analysis ; demand response (DR), load profile clustering ; k-means ; targeting of customer ; aggregator ; ramp period ; real-time simulation ; multi-objective optimization ; social welfare metrics ; energy allocation ; load disaggregation ; percentage total harmonic distortion and non-intrusive identification of load pattern ; charging strategy ; optimization ; electricity pricing ; electric vehicle ; flexibility ; flexibility market ; home energy management system ; energy flexibility ; industrial energy management ; demand side management ; control approaches ; energy management ; optimization method ; objective function ; control constraints ; Demand Response ; dynamic thermal rating ; hosting capacity ; transformer ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 30
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    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Following the success of the first, second and third volumes of this series, we are keen to continue our discussions on research topics related to the fields of food science, intelligent systems, molecular biomedicine, water science, and creation and theories of culture. Our aims are to discuss the latest topics, theories, and research methods in each of these fields, to promote debate among top researchers and graduate students and, in the process, to generate collaborative work.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 31
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Virtual and augmented reality technology has seen tremendous progress in recent years, enabling novel and exciting ways to interact inside virtual environments. An interesting approach to interaction in VR and AR is the use of tangible user interfaces, which leverage on our natural understanding of the physical world and how our bodies move and interact with it, and on our learned capabilities to manipulate physical objects.For this Special Issue, we are interested in gathering research that bridges atoms and bits in virtual and augmented environments. Basic research papers that demonstrate new interaction technologies or techniques, descriptions of applications that use tangibles in VR/AR in any domain, and survey papers that can help structure and systematize current knowledge on this area are all suitable.
    Keywords: virtual reality ; haptic feedback ; tactile sensation ; sound source localization ; deaf and hard-of-hearing ; visual positioning system ; convolutional neural network ; three-dimensional object pose estimation ; voxel ; perspective-n-point ; digital taste ; galvanic taste stimulation ; taste augmentation ; mulsemedia ; taste modulation ; augmented reality ; PCNL ; simulation ; surgical rehearsal ; surgery ; immersive environment ; cognitive impairment ; physical disability ; unity ; rehabilitation ; intention prediction ; gaze-based interaction ; laparoscopic AR navigation ; liver surgery ; 3D image registration method ; point cloud registration ; collaborative robotics ; acceptability ; uncanny valley ; user experience ; extended reality ; artificial intelligence ; classification ; control ; motor rehabilitation ; prosthesis ; stroke ; surface electromyography signals ; user interface ; pseudo-haptic ; human-centered computing ; mixed and augmented reality ; game-based learning ; fantasy ; situated learning ; serious game ; embodied interaction ; data visualization ; node-link diagram ; immersive communication ; VR conference room ; panoramic live broadcast ; spatial audio ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 32
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The aim of this Special Issue is to gather recent advances and development in target tracking techniques to determine how they can be adapted for modern radar and sonar systems. After peer review, 17 articles in related areas have been accepted for publishing in this Special Issue. The published articles cover a range of topics and applications central to target tracking. There are eight papers about general multi-target tracking, including the topics of joint tracking and classification [3], adaptive estimation using clutter measurement probability [6], joint localization and tracking [7], extended target tracking [8], tracking with smoothing [11], DOA tracking [12], tracking under low detection probability [14], and sonar tracking and interception [17]. Three papers address multi-sensor multi-target tracking methods. Specifically, a multi-target estimating method for pulsed radar systems is proposed in [2], a joint dwell time and bandwidth optimization method in a radar network is proposed in [4], a and multiple marine ship tracking method with unknown backgrounds is presented in [9]. There are 2 papers [10,15] on the problem of target assignment in multi-sensor multi-target tracking. Moreover, Mallick et al. considered measures of nonlinearity of a polynomial curve in two dimensions [1], Zhao et al. explored the use of calibration targets for which the positions are known to the MPR system, to counter the loss in target localization accuracy arising from transmitter/receiver position errors [13], and Li et al. proposed an algorithm to apply the frequency diversity technique to passive azimuth estimation in [16].
    Keywords: Target tracking ; target detection ; radar system ; sonar system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 33
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Due to the intensive development of the global economy, many problems are constantly emerging connected to the safety of ships’ motion in the context of increasing marine traffic. These problems seem to be especially significant for the further development of marine transportation services, with the need to considerably increase their efficiency and reliability. One of the most commonly used approaches to ensuring safety and efficiency is the wide implementation of various automated systems for guidance and control, including such popular systems as marine autopilots, dynamic positioning systems, speed control systems, automatic routing installations, etc. This Special Issue focuses on various problems related to the analysis, design, modelling, and operation of the aforementioned systems. It covers such actual problems as tracking control, path following control, ship weather routing, course keeping control, control of autonomous underwater vehicles, ship collision avoidance. These problems are investigated using methods such as neural networks, sliding mode control, genetic algorithms, L2-gain approach, optimal damping concept, fuzzy logic and others. This Special Issue is intended to present and discuss significant contemporary problems in the areas of automatic control and the routing of marine vessels.
    Keywords: collision avoidance ; ship domain ; fuzzy inference ; collision risk ; early warning system ; marine vessel ; tracking controller ; stability ; functional ; optimal damping ; fin stabilizer ; ship turning ; heel/roll reduction ; L2-gain ; uncertainty ; non-linearity ; ship motion control ; path-following ; guidance algorithm ; nonlinear feedback ; AIS Data ; trajectory prediction ; waterway transportation ; neural networks ; autonomous navigation ; multi-joint autonomous underwater vehicle (MJ-AUV) ; 3-dimensional modeling ; LQR ; LESO ; multicriteria route planning ; genetic algorithm ; particle swarm optimization ; oceanic meteorological routing ; cooperative game theory ; supply chain management ; supply disruption ; unmanned surface vehicle ; Guidance, Navigation and Control ; course keeping ; adaptive sliding mode ; unmanned surface vehicle (USV) ; system identification ; traditional neural network ; physics-informed neural network ; zigzag test ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 34
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Water resource systems planning and management issues are often very complex. The pressures on water resources are increasing with the expanding scale of global development involving ecological and hydrological consequences in river basins and groundwater aquifers, and water-quality deterioration. All this leads to the increasing need for investigating the effects of different human influences and impacts on the hydrological regime and on water quality like as land-use changes, climatic variability and climate changes, and intensified water and land-use practices. The Special Issue “Advances in Flow Modeling for Water Resources and Hydrological Engineering” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provides a sample of the state-of-the-art and forefront research in this field. In particular, basin-wide water resources planning, watershed management, flood forecasting, droughts, climate change impacts on flood risk and water resources, reservoir operation and management, river morphology and sediment transport, river water quality, and irrigation were the main research and practice targets that the papers published in this Special Issue aimed to address.
    Keywords: stream discharge ; near-natural catchment ; trend analysis ; NW Spain ; field-scale hydrological models ; DRAINMOD ; tile drainage ; nitrate leaching ; climate change ; venturi flume ; CFD ; OpenFOAM ; RANS ; turbulence model ; numerical simulation ; Parshall flume ; water balance ; Thornthwaite–Mather method ; Python ; serverless computing approach ; watershed hydrology ; Yukon River plume ; river discharge ; sediment load ; flocculation ; plunging ; underflow ; flood ; geological categories ; probability ; Medvednica Mt. ; Croatia ; numerical model ; shallow water equations ; dam break ; dry and wet beds modeling ; river flow ; open channels ; eddy viscosity ; parabolic profile ; streamwise velocity distribution ; turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) ; mixing length ; log law ; log wake ; hydrological modeling ; streamflow ; SWAT ; Venturi flume ; nonlinear model ; burned areas ; hydrological modelling ; infiltration capacity ; SCS-CN ; post-fire ; shock wave ; spillway ; spillway pier ; flat chute ; physical modeling ; hydrology ; tiling ; subsurface flow ; Iowa ; variational ensemble forecasting ; hydrologic processing strategies or hypotheses ; SR2MR streamflow forecasting ; real-time hydrologic forecasting system ; satellite precipitation products ; multi models ; best streamflow prediction ; inverse variance weighting ; inverse probability weighting ; representative concentration pathways 4.5 and 8.5 ; modified Mann–Kendall trend test ; Ziway Lake Basin ; Rift Valley ; Ethiopia ; maximum precipitation ; maximum flow ; gravel bed rivers ; skin friction ; flow resistance ; bed forms ; energy slope ; boundary layer characteristics ; abrupt negative step ; hydraulic jump ; energy loss ; momentum closure ; Boussinesq equations ; specified intervals ; MODIS ; evapotranspiration ; multi-variable calibration ; regional flood frequency ; ungauged catchments ; direct rainfall modelling ; headwater catchments ; Australia ; drought ; water ; water resources modelling ; flood forecast ; climate-change impacts ; river quality ; river morphology ; watershed management ; reservoir management ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint is a collection of papers from the E-Textiles 2022 Conference and represents the state of the art from both academia and industry in the development of smart fabrics that incorporate electronic and sensing functionality. The Proceedings reprint presents a wide range of applications of the technology, including wearable textile devices for healthcare applications such as ECG measurements and functional electrical stimulation. Manufacturing approaches include printed smart materials, knitted e-textiles and flexible electronic circuit assembly within fabrics and garments. Supplying power is a constant challenge for all wireless wearable technologies, and therefore this collection includes papers on triboelectric energy harvesting and zinc-ion batteries fabricated on top of textile substrates.
    Keywords: electronics ; wearables ; smart fabrics ; e-textiles ; sensing ; healthcare devices ; textile antennas ; energy harvesting ; printed electronics ; knitted e-textiles ; functional yarns&nbsp ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Additive manufacturing (AM) has been at the center of attention of studies and industry. The AM process involves gradual build-up in layers, and capability in the fabrication of complex shapes with low cost. Advances in the processing of polymers and polymer composites with this method are in the domain of this journal, which can provide a vital resource for anyone involved in additive manufacturing. This Special Issue cover original reviews and research articles dedicated to: AM processes of manufacturing and materials; Process–microstructure/morphology–properties relationships; Optimization of process parameters; Mechanical properties of fabricated parts; Modeling and simulation.
    Keywords: hybrid bio-inspired design ; nacre ; woodpecker beak ; mechanical performance ; failure mode ; finite element simulation ; Taguchi design ; ANOVA ; FFF ; response surface ; cylindricity ; process optimization ; polymer gear ; additive manufacturing ; differential pressure vacuum casting ; polyurethane resin ; abrasion ; fused filament fabrication ; temperature distribution modelling ; dynamic and static model ; thermal history ; impeller ; polymers ; polymer composites ; manufacturing process ; conventional manufacturing ; injection moulding ; performance ; face mask ; medical devices ; filtration performance ; 3D reconstruction ; customized implant ; PEEK ; accuracy evaluation ; finite element analysis ; 3D printing ; fused deposition modeling ; tensile testing ; infill rate ; crystallizable PET ; micromechanical model ; viscoplasticity ; temperature effect ; biaxial loading ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; dimensional deviation ; definitive screening design ; desirability function ; material extrusion ; rheological behavior ; mechanical properties ; temperature profile ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 38
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Changes in technology and adversary behavior will invariably produce new threats that must be assessed by defense and homeland security planners. An example of such a novel threat is the use of cruise missiles or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by terrorist groups. Individual threats cannot be assessed in isolation, however, since adversaries always have many options for staging attacks. To examine this threat, RAND utilized a ?red analysis of alternatives? approach, wherein the benefits, costs, and risks of different options are considered from the point of view of a potential adversary. For several types of attacks, the suitability of these systems was compared against other options. This approach can help defense planners understand how the capabilities that different attack modes provide address key adversary operational problems. Given the insights this analysis produced about when these systems would likely be preferred by an attacker, RAND explored defensive options to address the threat. UAVs and cruise missiles represent a ?niche threat? within a larger threat context; therefore, defenses were sought that provide common protection against both this and other asymmetric threats. The monograph concludes with a discussion of cross-cutting lessons about this threat and the assessment of novel threats in general.
    Keywords: Technology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TT Other technologies & applied sciences::TTM Military engineering
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Proceedings reprint comprises a collection of the papers presented at the second International Conference on Computational Engineering and Intelligent Systems, held online in the period 18–20 November 2022. The conference focused on computational engineering including modeling, simulation, analysis, and intelligent systems driven by computing and artificial intelligence. The papers included in this collection deal with a range of topics including smart grids, renewable energies, intelligent safety and control systems, power quality and cloud computing.
    Keywords: Computational Engineering ; Intelligent systems ; Optimization ; Artificial Intelligence ; &nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 40
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This is a timely collection of recent diverse work on metal oxide nanomaterials, connecting their fundamental aspects and application perspectives in a concise fashion to give a broad view of the current status of this fascinating field. This book presents eight original research articles and two comprehensive reviews to highlight the recent development and understanding of different types of metal oxide nanoparticles and their use for applications in luminescence, photocatalysis, water–oil separation, optoelectronics, gas sensors, energy-saving smart windows, etc. It presents just the tip of the iceberg of the broad, dynamic, and active fundamental research and applications in the developing field of metal oxide nanomaterials by collecting a few examples of the latest advancements.
    Keywords: photoinduced hydrophilicity ; surface energy ; heterostructures ; charge transfer ; work function ; adsorbed water ; nanocarrier ; nanoparticle ; age-dependent adsorption ; Langmuir isotherm ; deoxynucleoside monophosphate ; silica@zirconia ; core@shell ; solution NMR ; buffer interference with adsorption ; VO2 ; phase change material ; flexible thin film ; thermochromics ; energy efficient materials ; RF magnetron sputtering ; ZnO:N thin films ; Raman spectroscopy ; photoluminescence spectroscopy ; electrical characteristics ; charge carrier transport properties ; nanostructured surface ; wettability ; metal fiber felt ; oil–water separation ; emulsion ; nanocomposite ; worm-like micelle ; viscoelastic surfactant ; fracturing fluid ; stability ; two-dimensional materials ; metal oxide ; nanoparticles ; composite materials ; gas sensors ; microstructure ; composites ; photoactivity ; pesticides ; wastewater ; photocatalysis ; metal oxides ; semiconductors ; BaZrO3 ; europium ; luminescence ; EXAFS ; defect ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Describes a case study of six enterprises that use Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags to control access in the workplace to understand their policies about personally identifiable records obtained by sensing RFID-based access cards. These policies have a number of common features, but the policies are neither documented nor shared with employees. While employees ought to be informed about uses of access control system records, implementing traditional fair information practices for such records would be impractical in some situations.
    Keywords: Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint aims to collect state-of-the-art research contributions that address challenges in the emerging 5G networks design, dimensioning and optimization. Designing, dimensioning and optimization of communication networks resources and services have been an inseparable part of telecom network development. The latter must convey a large volume of traffic, providing service to traffic streams with highly differentiated requirements in terms of bit-rate and service time, required quality of service and quality of experience parameters. Such a communication infrastructure presents many important challenges, such as the study of necessary multi-layer cooperation, new protocols, performance evaluation of different network parts, low layer network design, network management and security issues, and new technologies in general, which will be discussed in this book.
    Keywords: bit error rate (BER) ; space-time coding (STC) ; Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) ; massive MIMO ; orthogonal transform division multiplexing (OTDM) ; Toeplitz matrix ; 5G networks ; BBU centralization ; cloud radio access networks ; eCPRI ; fronthaul ; filter bank multicarrier ; isotropic orthogonal transfer algorithm ; intrinsic interference ; Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex (CCFD) ; self-interference (SI) signal cancellation ; RF domain ; optimize Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm ; interference cancellation ratio (ICR) ; 5G core network slice ; network slicing ; resource attributes ; slice provisioning ; topology attributes ; beamforming ; interference management ; throughput ; fairness index, small cell networks ; OFDM ; congestion ; random ; quasi-random ; recursive ; restricted ; reservation ; complete sharing ; D2D communication ; 5G IoT network ; lightweight cryptography ; authentication ; midhaul ; radio-over-fiber ; optical gNB-DU ; RRH ; A-RoF ; D-RoF ; BBU ; all-optical network ; handover ; HetNets ; mobility management ; self-optimization ; spectrum handoff ; spectrum sensing ; cognitive radio networks ; cognitive radio user ; primary and secondary user ; 5G mobile communication network ; multi-access edge computing ; centralized cloud computing ; hybrid cloud computing ; Palm-Jacobaeus loss formula ; blocking probability ; multi-service traffic ; separated resources ; performance evaluation ; cellular systems ; channel emulator ; non-stationary MIMO channel ; discrete channel model ; field-programmable gate array (FPGA) platform ; Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN) ; Microwave Radio Transmission (MRT) ; Free Space Optics (FSO) ; Fiber Optics (FO) ; multi-agent systems ; laplacian eigenvalues ; augmented Lagrange based Alternating Direction Inexact Newton (ALADIN) method ; consensus algorithms ; Alternating Direction of Multipliers Method (ADMM) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 43
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on construction project management. It presents research papers and practice-oriented papers. The execution of construction projects is specific and particularly difficult because each implementation is a unique, complex, and dynamic process that consists of several or more subprocesses that are related to each other, in which various aspects of the investment process participate. Therefore, there is still a vital need to study, research, and conclude the engineering technology and management applied in construction projects. This book present unanimous research approach is a result of many years of studies, conducted by 35 well experienced authors. The common subject of research concerns the development of methods and tools for modeling multi-criteria processes in construction engineering.
    Keywords: earned value method—EVM ; time variances ; cost variances ; schedule ; cadastre ; land surveyor ; construction surveying ; building layout ; polar coordinates ; stake-out methods ; total station ; construction reports ; construction contracts ; natural language processing ; machine learning ; simulation modeling ; bridge expansion and contraction installation (BECI) ; decision making (DM) ; technical condition assessment ; analytic hierarchy process (AHP) ; whale optimization algorithm ; Tent chaotic mapping ; Lévy flight ; resilience ; baseline schedule ; uncertainty ; taxonomy ; construction project ; PERT ; theory of constraint (TOC) ; drum-buffer-rope (DBR) ; construction schedule ; monitoring progress ; construction phase ; automated monitoring ; digital tools ; as-built ; as-planned ; efficiency ; risk ; randomization ; association analysis ; tabu search ; delay ; time schedules ; project risk ; construction project management ; Time-at-Risk (TaR) ; investment-construction process model ; Monte Carlo simulation ; decision-making process ; decision modelling in construction activities ; decisions in civil engineering ; liquid cooling system ; flow calibration ; differential pressure ; experimental method ; aircraft ; building information modelling (BIM) ; automatisation ; facilities design ; domestic plumbing and sanitation ; management ; project cost ; investment schedule ; risk mitigation ; randomness ; fuzziness ; health and safety control ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars). This Special Issue explores empirical studies of emotional mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative measurements of emotion, the recognition of emotional contexts, and the application of emotion. We introduce fourteen papers, ranging from lab-based studies aimed at understanding emotional mechanisms to applying emotion recognition in the real world (e.g., in driving, games, education, and virtual avatars).
    Keywords: speech emotion recognition ; domain adaptation ; SER generalization ; Korean Emotional Speech Database ; ensemble model ; multi-path ; group-loss ; BLSTM network ; facial micromovement ; emotion recognition ; emotion authenticity ; HRV parameter ; game addiction ; League of Legends ; stress response ; sensitivity ; specificity ; logistic regression ; facial action unit ; facial aging ; facial expression ; posed emotion ; virtual avatar ; virtual human ; virtual character ; embodied conversational agent ; social interaction ; empathy ; CNN ; cognitive workload ; functional connectivity analysis ; LSTM ; mental workload ; mutual information ; phase locking value ; phase transfer entropy ; deep learning ; facial expression recognition (FER) ; 3D convolutional neural network (3D CNN) ; multirate signal processing ; minimum overlapped frame structure ; self-attention ; multi-depth network ; video content empathy ; micro-movement synchronization ; non-contact empathy measurement ; empathic advertisement ; multimodal affective computing ; catecholamines ; emotion classification ; wearable devices ; deep neural networks ; multispectral imaging ; face recognition ; in the wild ; driver emotion recognition ; multimodal ; self-report ; real-world driving ; EEG ; learning emotions ; attention ; convolutional neural network ; multi-channel band features ; eye movement ; brain connectivity ; review ; human emotions ; affective and physiological states ; Plutchik’s wheel of emotions ; sensors ; methods and applications ; statistical and multiple criteria analysis ; country success and publications maps of the world ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Civil engineering structures may vibrate due to different sources of excitations such as earthquakes, wind, traffic, humans, etc. The resulting vibrations may not be acceptable from the perspective of vibration comfort or can even impair the structure's safety. Depending on the excitation mechanism, anti-vibration measures range from increasing the structural damping using local dampers, decoupling the structure from the disturbance using vibration isolators and compensating for the excitation forces using vibration compensators. The Special Issue "Efficient Damping and Isolation Systems for Civil Structures" presents some of the recent advances in the associated fields of research and development.
    Keywords: isolation ; high damping rubber bearing ; low shape factor ; performance test ; experiment ; three-dimensional (3D) seismic isolation ; vertical seismic isolation device ; disc spring ; helical coil spring ; steel damper ; laminated rubber bearing ; seismic energy dissipation ; nuclear power plant equipment ; seismic isolation frequency ; hysteretic behavior ; cable ; control ; damping ; semi-active ; negative stiffness ; vibration ; liquid storage tank ; MetaFoundation ; time domain analysis ; earthquake ; passive control ; stop band ; suspended ceiling systems ; passively controlled structure ; pulley tackle mechanism ; shake table test ; simulation analysis ; tower-like structures ; tuned liquid gas damper ; elastic membrane ; gas spring ; gas volume ; SA-TLGD ; TLCGD ; TLCD ; TMD ; inerter ; optimization ; TMDI ; vibration mitigation ; tuned sloshing damper ; TSD ; tuned mass damper ; numerical simulation ; coupled simulation ; computational wind engineering ; CWE ; hysteresis ; internal resonances ; nonlinear modal interaction ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 46
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Processing and Conversion of Oil and Gas: Modeling, Control, Simulation, and Optimization describes the core of the activity of petrochemical engineers, process controller engineers, industrial engineers, energy engineers, and researchers in the oil and gas field. This reprint explores the modeling, control, simulation, and optimization of new and revamped petrochemical processes using proven software. Thus, it offers novel illustrative examples, prospective applications, and solutions to improve these processes. This reprint aims to combine theoretical principles with examples modeled by commonly used simulation software employing steady-state or dynamic process simulation. Furthermore, applying numerical methods and optimization at both the theoretical and practical levels is within the scope of this reprint.
    Keywords: jet stability ; swirl ; twist ; dominant mode ; Brassica Napus ; fatty acid methyl esters ; 2-Ethyl-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol ; viscosity ; batch reactor ; kinetics ; self-excited oscillation pulse jet ; nozzle ; large eddy simulation ; peak velocity ; cavitation number ; coal tar ; wash oil ; nitrogen-containing compounds ; indole ; formamide equilibrium extraction ; price bubbles ; bubble length ; petroleum products ; GSADF ; Pakistan ; pipeline safety ; risk classification ; pipeline failure ; fuzzy analytic hierarchy process ; pipeline risk assessment ; shale gas pipelines ; pressure gradient ; gas–liquid two-phase flow ; flow patterns ; Generalized Additive Model ; dimensionless numbers ; discrete element method ; optimal design ; simulation analysis ; anti-corrosion pill particles ; butyl acetate ; acetic acid ; n-butanol ; esterification ; membrane reactor ; reactive distillation ; amberlyst-15 catalyst ; energy efficiency ; economic evaluation ; methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) ; acetone self-condensation ; selective hydrogenation ; process development ; heat integration ; economic analysis ; nano-Pd/nano-ZnCr2O4 catalyst ; dimethyl carbonate ; dimethyl oxalate ; oxidative carbonylation ; azeotropic distillation ; profitability analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The reprint focused on innovative developments in the fields of advanced propulsion system and thermal management technology. Propulsion systems develop along the direction of wide speed range and long endurance both for civil aircrafts and military applications. The research works of propulsion systems mainly include overall design, combustion, aerodynamic, internal flows and heat transfer etc. High efficiency is pursed not only by optimized designs but also from development of materials as well as application of new fuel. Along with development of high efficiency propulsion system, thermal management technology is also developed to meet the demand of external aerodynamic heating and internal combustion heat at a high flight speed. Common thermal management technology includes blade cooling in gas turbines and regenerative cooling in rocket engines. Thermal protection of engines achieves high efficiency by heat transfer enhancement, such as use of superficial fluid, nanofluids and new designed roughened surfaces. Also, some heat transfer enhancement methods in heat exchangers, battery and fuel cells are also introduced into propulsion systems.
    Keywords: auto-ignition ; supersonic flow ; initial flame kernel ; oblique shock ; recirculating region ; improved body force model ; off-design ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations ; meridional entropy gradient ; rotor 37 ; rolling motion ; subcooled flow boiling ; transverse flow ; subchannel ; VOF ; printed circuit heat exchanger ; NACA airfoil fins ; micro gas turbine recuperator ; thermo-hydraulic ; parametric study ; ventilation ; solar greenhouse ; numerical simulation ; system design ; n/a ; thrust vector control ; supersonic jet ; nozzle ; flow entrainment ; Coanda effect ; schlieren method ; scramjet ; regenerative cooling ; coupled heat transfer ; pyrolysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 48
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The need for electromechanical energy conversion that takes place in electric motors, generators, and actuators is an important aspect associated with current development. The efficiency and effectiveness of the conversion process depends on both the design of the devices and the materials used in those devices. In this context, this book addresses important aspects of electrical machines, namely their materials, design, and optimization. It is essential for the design process of electrical machines to be carried out through extensive numerical field computations. Thus, the reprint also focuses on the accuracy of these computations, as well as the quality of the material models that are adopted. Another aspect of interest is the modeling of properties such as hysteresis, alternating and rotating losses and demagnetization. In addition, the characterization of materials and their dependence on mechanical quantities such as stresses and temperature are also considered. The reprint also addresses another aspect that needs to be considered for the development of the optimal global system in some applications, which is the case of drives that are associated with electrical machines.
    Keywords: switched reluctance motor drive ; model predictive control ; continuous control set ; pulse-width modulation ; magnetization surface ; electrical drive ; magnetic permeability ; effective parameters ; induction motor ; finite element method ; linear electric actuators ; linear switched reluctance actuators ; permanent magnets ; linear hybrid reluctance actuators ; machine design ; finite element analysis ; detent force reduction ; flux switching ; performance comparison ; torque density ; permanent magnet (PM) ; eddy current loss ; heat generation ; magnetic circuit ; magnetic composite material ; spatial harmonics ; concentrated winding motor ; additive manufacturing ; convolution ; infinite impulse response (IIR) filters ; additive white noise ; DC drift ; magnetic flux density ; magnetic hysteresis ; kernel ; magnetic materials ; soft magnetic materials ; selective laser melting ; iron losses ; magnetic properties ; transformer ; induction motors ; surrogate optimization ; Box–Behnken design ; Latin-hypercube sampling ; clustering ; particle swarm optimization ; pattern search ; SRM ; PV panels ; water pumping system ; multilevel converter ; fault-tolerant ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 49
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: This reprint focuses on the application of the combination of synthetic aperture radars and depth learning technology. It aims to further promote the development of SAR image intelligent interpretation technology. A synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an important active microwave imaging sensor, whose all-day and all-weather working capacity give it an important place in the remote sensing community. Since the United States launched the first SAR satellite, SAR has received much attention in the remote sensing community, e.g., in geological exploration, topographic mapping, disaster forecast, and traffic monitoring. It is valuable and meaningful, therefore, to study SAR-based remote sensing applications. In recent years, deep learning represented by convolution neural networks has promoted significant progress in the computer vision community, e.g., in face recognition, the driverless field and Internet of things (IoT). Deep learning can enable computational models with multiple processing layers to learn data representations with multiple-level abstractions. This can greatly improve the performance of various applications. This reprint provides a platform for researchers to handle the above significant challenges and present their innovative and cutting-edge research results when applying deep learning to SAR in various manuscript types, e.g., articles, letters, reviews and technical reports.
    Keywords: heterogeneous transformation ; SAR image ; optical image ; conditional generative adversarial nets (CGANs) ; self-supervised ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; despeckling ; enhanced U-Net ; video synthetic aperture radar (Video-SAR) ; moving target tracking ; guided anchor Siamese network (GASN) ; interferometric synthetic aperture radar ; deep convolutional neural network ; phase unwrapping ; unsupervised change detection ; polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (PolSAR) ; UAVSAR ; multi-scale shallow block ; multi-scale residual block ; synthetic aperture radar ; image registration ; transformer ; deep learning ; SAR target detection ; multiscale learning ; ship detection ; SAR ship detection ; position-enhanced attention ; lightweight backbone ; image augmentation ; building extraction ; SAR ; semantic segmentation ; SAR dataset ; single-stage detector ; two-stage detector ; anchor free ; train from scratch ; oriented bounding box ; multi-scale detection ; computer vision ; low-grade road extraction ; remote sensing ; image segmentation ; optical images ; scene classification ; on-board ; lightweight self-supervised algorithm ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image ; arbitrary-oriented ship detection ; differentiable rotational IoU algorithm ; triangle distance IoU loss ; attention-weighted feature pyramid network ; multiple skip-scale connections ; attention-weighted feature fusion ; Rotated-SARShip dataset (RSSD) ; object classification ; radar image reconstruction ; convolutional neural networks ; ResNet18 ; GBSAR ; Omega-K algorithm ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 50
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Updates the policy context of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) patient safety initiative; documents the current priorities and activities undertaken; and assesses contributions of health information technology projects and dissemination actions to support adoption of evidence-based safe practices. Discusses implications for future AHRQ policy, programming, and research; suggests ways to strengthen AHRQ activities.
    Keywords: Health Sciences ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; Technology ; Political Science ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBG Medical equipment & techniques::MBGR Medical research ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPQ Central government::JPQB Central government policies ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 51
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: With the deep integration of cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data, and the Internet, ship propulsion control systems are also gradually undergoing a transformation from the mode of automatic control to intelligent control. In particular, the smart ship concept has become a key factor in the maritime industry’s ambition to achieve sustainable green development. Currently, the development of all-electric propulsion and innovative hybrid ship propulsion systems is a priority, so that the efficiency of ship propulsion systems might be improved. Therefore, the aim of this monograph is to describe the intelligent control of ship propulsion systems. In this regard, this monograph deals with new approaches to the design of ship power systems. Among them, in terms of intelligent control, and using simulation experiments for comparison, the learning ability relied on by artificial intelligence is utilized to handle the collected data and generate corresponding commands, thus ensuring the safety and stability of the ship's movement. The main objective of this Special Issue is to fill existing knowledge gaps and provide additional ideas on the intelligent control of marine propulsion systems. Finally, we would like to express our deepest gratitude to the staff of MDPI Books and the editorial team of Marine Science and Engineering, especially the assistant editors of this Special Issue, the gifted authors, and the diligent and expert reviewers.
    Keywords: automation ; autonomous guidance ; green propulsion technologies ; marine engine ; safety and efficiency ; ship propulsion dynamics ; simulation ; smart control ; optimization ; weather routing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: In the last few years, huge amounts of progress have been made regarding remote sensing in the field of computer vision. This success and progress is mostly due to the effectiveness of deep learning (DL) algorithms. In addition, the remote sensing community has shifted its attention to DL, and DL algorithms have been used to achieve significant success in many image analysis tasks. However, with regard to remote sensing, a number of challenges caused by difficulties in data acquisition and annotation have not been fully solved yet. This reprint is a collection of novel developments in the field of remote sensing using computer vision, deep learning, and artificial intelligence. The articles published involve fundamental theoretical analyses as well as those demonstrating their application to real-world problems.
    Keywords: tropical cyclone detection ; meteorological satellite images ; deep learning ; deep transfer learning ; generative adversarial networks ; image target detection ; multiple scales ; any angle object ; remote sensing of small objects ; point clouds ; 3D tracking ; state estimation ; Siamese network ; deep LK ; convolutional neural networks (CNNs) ; multilayer feature aggregation ; attention mechanism ; remote sensing image scene classification (RSISC) ; hyperspectral image classification ; variational autoencoder ; generative adversarial network ; crossed spatial and spectral interactions ; crater detection algorithm (CDA) ; R-FCN ; self-calibrated convolution ; split attention mechanism ; transfer learning ; remote sensing ; oriented object detection ; rotated inscribed ellipse ; remote sensing images ; keypoint-based detection ; gated aggregation ; eccentricity-wise ; object detection ; remote sensing image ; anchor free ; oriented bounding boxes ; deformable convolution ; three-dimensional radar imaging ; convolution neural network ; super-resolution ; side-lobe suppression ; terahertz radar ; aerial image generation ; satellite image generation ; structure map ; style vector ; high resolution image ; self-constructing graph ; semantic segmentation ; GAN ; image generation ; data augmentation ; remote sensing disaster image ; convolutional neural network ; double-stream structure ; feedback ; encoder–decoder network ; dense connections ; instance segmentation ; Swin transformer ; cascade mask R-CNN ; remote sensing image retrieval ; hashing algorithm ; binary code ; triplet ordinal relation preserving ; cross entropy ; feature distillation ; forest fire ; smoke segmentation ; Smoke-Unet ; residual block ; Landsat-8 ; band sensibility ; unsupervised domain adaptation ; bidirectional domain adaptation ; image-to-image translation ; generative adversarial networks (GANs) ; U-Net ; high-density laser scanning ; logging trails ; digital surface model ; canopy height model ; commercial thinning ; convolutional neural networks ; multiview ; satellite and UAV image ; joint description ; image matching ; neural network ; contextual information ; Anchor Free Region Proposal Network ; polar representation ; 3D object detection ; point cloud ; sampling ; single-stage ; rotated object detection ; angle-based detector ; angle-free framework ; rotated region of interests (RRoIs) ; representative points ; plastic ; UAVs ; contrastive learning ; mutual guidance ; spatial misalignment ; vehicle detection ; ANN ; automatic classification ; risk mitigation ; machine learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 53
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This reprint focuses on recent advancements, technical challenges, and novel design methodologies for the energy manufacturing system, including energy management, green manufacturing, sustainable manufacturing, energy saving in manufacturing systems, the operation and maintenance of power generation, prognostics and health management of power systems, and so on. With the increasing attention paid to sustainable development around the world, improving energy efficiency and applying effective means of energy saving have gradually received worldwide attention. As the largest energy consumers, manufacturing industries also inevitably face pressures on energy optimization evolution from both governments and competitors. The rational optimization of energy consumption in industrial operation activities can significantly improve the sustainability level of an entire company.
    Keywords: multi-level structure ; non-production energy consumption (NPEC) ; sub-batch priority ; multi-objective gray wolf optimizer (MOGWO) ; high-order hidden semi-Markov model ; composite node ; model reduction ; state duration ; polynomial fitting ; residual life prognosis ; wind turbines ; opportunistic maintenance ; structural correlation ; random correlation ; carbon emissions ; fault diagnosis technology ; improved convolutional neural network ; ship electrical power system ; Simulink ; synchronous generator ; hidden Markov model (HMM) ; autocorrelation ; residual chart ; failure mode ; effects and criticality analysis ; Z-number ; rough number ; DEMATEL method ; VIKOR method ; energy–carbon emissions nexus ; causal model ; low-carbon product ; future transport-manufacturing industries ; RV reducer ; assembly quality ; dendrites ; neural network ; transmission accuracy ; sustainable ; energy optimization ; operation and maintenance ; manufacturing systems ; automated storage and retrieval system ; hybrid flowshop ; genetic algorithm ; migratory birds optimization algorithm ; GA-MBO ; urban rail transit ; operational efficiency ; energy efficiency ; carbon emission ; data envelopment analysis ; preventive maintenance ; quality cost ; multiobjective optimization ; manufacturing system ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 54
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The 10th International Conference on Modern Circuit and System Technologies on Electronics and Communications (MOCAST 2021) will take place in Thessaloniki, Greece, from July 5th to July 7th, 2021. The MOCAST technical program includes all aspects of circuit and system technologies, from modeling to design, verification, implementation, and application. This Special Issue presents extended versions of top-ranking papers in the conference. The topics of MOCAST include:Analog/RF and mixed signal circuits;Digital circuits and systems design;Nonlinear circuits and systems;Device and circuit modeling;High-performance embedded systems;Systems and applications;Sensors and systems;Machine learning and AI applications;Communication; Network systems;Power management;Imagers, MEMS, medical, and displays;Radiation front ends (nuclear and space application);Education in circuits, systems, and communications.
    Keywords: incremental power and timing optimization ; Lagrangian relaxation ; gate sizing ; multimode multicorner ; physical optimization ; two-qubit states ; quantum computers ; quantum gates ; Rabi oscillations ; single qubit quantum computer ; quantum operations simulation ; vision transformers ; computer vision ; deep learning ; artistic style recognition ; memristor model ; tantalum oxide ; memory crossbar ; nonlinear dopant drift ; window function ; LTSPICE library memristor model ; stochastic computing ; stochastic filtering ; stochastic FIR filter ; unconventional computing ; electrical masking ; interconnection delay ; Single Event Multiple Transients ; Soft Error Rate ; STA ; TCAD ; timing-masking ; transient faults ; IoT ; wireless sensor networks ; hydroponics ; smart agriculture ; Network-on-Chip ; bufferless routing ; 3D NoC ; Markov chains ; visible light communication (VLC) ; wireless communication ; analog front end (AFE) ; pre-amplification ; classification ; COVID-19 ; lightweight neural network ; medical imaging ; chest X-rays ; image sensors ; 3D pixels ; 3D sequential integration ; 3DSI ; monolithic 3D ; M3D ; coupling ; parasitic capacitances ; memristor ; emulator ; analog design ; switched capacitor ; mixed signal ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 55
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This Special Issue aimed to collate recent works regarding the planning and control of energy systems. In particular, this Special Issue focuses on microgrids. This kind of system enables optimal integration of renewable energy sources, electric vehicles, energy storage, and demand-side management strategies, thus proposing a valuable framework through which to implement the decarbonization of the electricity sector. Special attention is given to those works devoted to systems with high penetration of renewables and advanced demand response strategies. Literature reviews are also included in this Special Issue, and some real-life experiences are described and analyzed.
    Keywords: optimization algorithm ; control system ; renewable energy ; PSO ; GWO ; battery storage energy ; electric vehicle ; photovoltaics ; BESS ; optimization ; AOA algorithm ; uncertainty ; distribution network ; DC multi-microgrid system ; carbon emissions ; economic dispatch ; across-time-and-space energy transmission ; cooperative multi-objective optimization ; PV ; wind turbine ; biomass system ; heap-based optimizer ; Franklin’s and Coulomb’s algorithm ; sooty tern optimization ; energy cost ; metaheuristics ; solar cell systems ; elephant herding optimization ; alpha tuned EHO ; cultural-based ; biased initialization ; parameter identification ; single diode ; double diode ; three diodes ; modular multilevel converter (MMC) ; fault-tolerant ; voltage source modular multilevel converter (VSMMC) ; SPWMLSC ; SPWMPSC ; STHILSC ; STHIPSC ; optimal energy management ; multi-agent system ; multi-energy carrier ; renewable energy sources ; microgrids management ; renewable energy resources ; isolated microgrids ; optimization techniques ; demand-side management (DSM) ; distributed generations (DGs) ; energy management systems (EMS) ; renewable energy sources (RES) ; waste to energy (W2E) ; microgrid architecture ; smart infrastructure ; resilience ; optimization model ; critical node identification ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 56
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The reprint is devoted to the phenomena associated with exact or approximate axial symmetry in different areas of technical physics and mechanical engineering science. How can the symmetry of the problem be used most efficiently for its analysis? Why is the symmetry broken or why is it still approximately retained? These and other questions are discussed based on systems from different fields of engineering.
    Keywords: fretting wear ; axis-symmetry ; tangential contact ; torsional contact ; Abel transform ; injection molding ; concentricity ; coaxiality ; optical barrel ; bilateral telecentric lens ; optimization ; contact problem ; non-axisymmetric indenter ; extremal principle ; generalized MDR ; non-axisymmetric ; circular contact ; frictionless contact ; general solution ; closed-form solution ; series solution ; cylindrical punch ; contact stress-intensity factor ; cylindrical symmetry ; spherical symmetry ; periodic boundary conditions ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 57
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The title of the current Special Issue, “Feature Papers in Materials Simulation and Design”, has identified the aims of this collection since its opening: the gathering of research works and comprehensive review papers that advance the understanding and prediction of material behavior at different scales, from atomistic to macroscopic, through innovative modeling and simulation.In this context, interdisciplinary researches that tackled challenging and complex material problems where the governing phenomena might span different scales of material behavior, with an emphasis on the development of quantitative approaches to explain and predict experimental observations, have been collected. Similarly, particular attention has been given to homogenization techniques for the evaluation of the mechanical properties of new materials and multi-phase composites. Innovative numerical approaches for the mechanical analysis, highlighting their accuracy, reliability, and stability features, have been also welcomed. Significant space has been also given to advanced and sustainable technologies. From the aforementioned topics, it is evident that this Special Issue represents the ideal forum for disseminating excellent research findings, as well as sharing innovative ideas in this significant field.Throughout the several months of activity, this Special Issue has been able to attract much interesting research. Its success is proven by the sixteen papers collected and published.
    Keywords: die height ; biomass compaction ; relaxation coefficient ; briquette density ; logging residues ; mechanical engineering ; scale opening mechanics ; seed extraction ; morphological structure ; numerical simulation ; computational fluid dynamics ; OpenFOAM ; cementitious materials ; Bingham rheology ; pumping ; reliability ; pentagon-based 2D material ; thermal conductivity ; thermoelectric properties ; anharmonicity ; additive manufacturing ; fused deposition modeling ; lattice structures ; TPU ; layering ; zirconia ceramics ; brittle medium ; porosity ; Kolsky method ; compressibility ; strength ; fracture ; stress growth rate ; light-harvesting ; water splitting ; photoferroics ; high-throughput screening ; Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites ; high-pressure water jet ; high-pressure water-ice jet ; paint coating ; geometric structure of the surface ; base ; surface efficiency of the process ; renovation ; acrylonitrile butadiene styrene ; artificial neural networks ; dynamic mechanical properties ; Particle Swarm Optimization ; green composite ; bumper beam ; numerical modeling ; energy absorption ; natural fibers ; axial vibration ; short-fiber-reinforced ; Fourier series ; nonlocal elasticity ; thin-walled ; FEM ; thermal buckling analysis ; tungsten trioxide ; graphene oxide ; photocatalysis ; nanocomposite ; composite laminate ; mode-II delamination ; R-curve ; temperature ; cohesive law ; nonlinear hyperelastic material ; viscoelasticity ; semi-analytical polynomial method ; large deformation ; finite element method ; numerical methods ; thin shells ; variable-stiffness structures ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: The great economic and strategic importance of catalysis makes it a rapidly evolving field. Catalysis is fundamental in areas such as sustainable development, energy production, environmental protection, food production, and water purification. In the face of the significant challenges of the present day, acquiring fundamental knowledge about the structure and phenomena on the surface of catalysts and the relationships between the composition, synthesis method, properties, and performance of catalysts in industrial processes is essential. Research is still needed to improve existing catalysts or design new systems which may efficiently and selectively conduct a given reaction toward the desired product. This Special Issue was devoted to designing and characterizing heterogeneous catalytic systems for industrial chemical processes. The reprint collects 10 research articles providing insight into important aspects of modern catalyst design. The papers cover recent advances and comprehensive experimental studies of synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of catalyst performance in the following processes: ammonia synthesis, selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides, hydrogen production from ethanol, and photocatalysis.
    Keywords: cobalt molybdenum nitrides ; ammonia synthesis ; phase composition ; specific surface area ; cobalt catalyst ; barium ; promoter ; optimization ; hydrogen ; ethanol ; catalyst ; TiO2 photocatalysis ; UV-C ; photolysis ; ammonia ; nitrogen removal ; water treatment ; hydrogen production ; ethanol steam reforming ; nickel-based catalyst ; manganese oxides ; potassium promoter ; gliding discharge ; plasma–catalytic system ; tar decomposition ; nickel catalyst ; nitric acid plant ; selective catalytic reduction ; clinoptilolite ; iron-modified zeolite catalyst ; TiO2-SiO2 ; mesoporous ; F127 ; high surface area ; solar photocatalysis ; dye degradation ; structure sensitivity ; size effect ; carbon support ; neodymium oxide ; support ; hydrogen poisoning ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 59
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The second volume of the Special Issue on “Micro-Electro Discharge Machining: Principles, Recent Advancements and Applications” confirms the growing interest in the micro-EDM technology as a suitable and efficient technology for machining novel, multilateral components, with demanding requirements in terms of precision, accuracy, and productivity.This volume consists of 10 original research papers which involve several approaches to micro-EDM and cover the enhancement of the process performance, such as the material removal rate, surface roughness, or machining accuracy, using advanced optimization methods. Some studies also consider several dielectric fluid additives and investigate the processability of new materials. Others investigate the combination of Reverse-micro-EDM with laser beam micromachining or explore new applications for the micro-EDM for fabricating antimicrobial nanosilver colloid.
    Keywords: electrical discharge machining ; metal matrix composite ; Taguchi ; micro-hardness ; surface roughness ; material removal rate ; wire electro-discharge machining ; polymer composite materials ; processing precision ; interelectrode gap ; micro-EDM milling ; accumulative difference ; material removal ; tool electrode wear ; analytical hierarchy process ; residual stress ; metal erosion rate ; Reverse-μEDM ; Nd: YAG LBµM ; micro-holes ; burrs ; protrusions ; electrical discharge machine ; energy consumption ; nanosilver colloid ; antimicrobial ; micro-EDM ; tungsten carbide ; carbon nanofiber ; silicon ; alumina ; shape memory alloys ; nitinol ; optimization ; near-dry wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) ; teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm ; micro electrical discharge machining ; vibration assisted electrical discharge machining (EDM) ; high-speed camera ; array electrode ; structured surface ; efficiency ; micromachining ; performance ; quality ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: Lipid-based nanosystems, including solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), cationic lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, and liposomes, have been extensively studied to improve drug delivery through different administration routes. The main advantages of these systems are their ability to protect, transport, and control the release of lipophilic and hydrophilic molecules (either small-molecular-weight molecules or macromolecules); the use of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) excipients that minimize the toxicity of the formulations; and the possibility to modulate pharmacokinetics and enable the site-specific delivery of encapsulated payloads. In addition, the versatility of lipid-based nanosystems has further been demonstrated for the delivery of vaccines, the protection of active cosmetic ingredients, and the improvement of moisturizing properties of cosmetic formulations.Lipid-based nanosystems are well established and there are already different commercially approved formulations for various human disorders. This success has paved the way for the diversification of the pipeline of development, to address unmet medical needs for several indications, such as cancer, neurological disorders, and autoimmune, genetic, and infectious diseases.This Special Issue aims to update readers on the latest research on lipid-based nanosystems, both at the preclinical and clinical levels. A series of 15 articles (six reviews and nine studies) is presented, with authors from 12 different countries, showing the globality of the investigations that are being carried out in this area.
    Keywords: Echinococcus granulosus ; scolicidal ; nanoliposome ; juglone ; apoptotic activity ; hydrogel ; SLNs ; nose-to-brain delivery ; mucoadhesion ; quality by design ; antioxidant activity ; nasal administration ; nanostructured lipid carriers ; solid lipid nanoparticles ; in vitro cell cultures ; 3D nasal casts ; lung cancer ; targeted drug delivery ; lipid-based nanocarriers ; pulmonary delivery ; dry powder inhalers ; aerosols ; liposomes ; nanoemulsions ; nanotechnology ; biologically active compounds ; dermal drug delivery ; polyphenols ; phytophenols ; skin permeation ; chemotherapy ; radiotherapy ; active targeting ; passive targeting ; tumor ; immunoconjugate ; traditional liposome ; stealth liposome ; triggered release ; limitations of liposomes ; drug transfer ; in vitro release ; colloidal drug carriers ; lipid nanoparticles ; hydrogel beads ; cholesteryl nonanoate ; bovine serum albumin ; skin diseases ; lipid-based nanosystems ; cream ; ointment ; gel ; pH-sensitive ; liposome ; imidazole ; anticancer ; drug delivery ; multicellular spheroids ; dapagliflozin ; Box–Behnken design ; FTIR ; DSC ; XRD ; SEM ; AFM ; in vitro Franz diffusion cells ; lipid-based nanoparticles ; nanocarrier ; surface charge ; delivery systems ; chronic treatment ; mice ; anti-oxidant activity ; hepatoprotective effect ; phospholipid ; phytosomes ; Silymarin ; Colorectal Cancer ; Niosomes ; Oxaliplatin ; Paclitaxel ; d-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) ; therapeutic nucleic acids ; schizophrenia ; quetiapine fumarate ; glycerosomes ; central composite rotatable design ; bioavailability ; pharmacokinetic ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 61
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Advanced sensing, fault diagnosis, and structural health management are important parts of the maintenance strategy of modern industries. With the advancement of science and technology, modern structural and mechanical systems are becoming more and more complex. Due to the continuous nature of operation and utilization, modern systems are heavily susceptible to faults. Hence, the operational reliability and safety of the systems can be greatly enhanced by using the multifaced strategy of designing novel sensing technologies and advanced intelligent algorithms and constructing modern data acquisition systems and structural health monitoring techniques. As a result, this research domain has been receiving a significant amount of attention from researchers in recent years. Furthermore, the research findings have been successfully applied in a wide range of fields such as aerospace, manufacturing, transportation and processes.
    Keywords: structural health monitoring ; wireless sensor network ; steel-framed construction ; corrosion ; pulsed eddy current ; tethered satellite formation ; dynamic behavior ; control ; stable deployment ; Floquet theory ; Francis turbine unit ; prognostic ; performance state evaluation ; degradation trend prediction ; DBSCAN ; Gaussian mixture model ; NSGA-II ; Gaussian process regression ; pipeline ; fatigue crack ; stress intensity factor ; finite element ; XGBoost ; bolt axial stress ; acoustoelastic effect ; scattering attenuation ; stress-dependent attenuation coefficient ; sensitive frequency band ; triaxial force transducer ; wide-range ; dynamic calibration ; Hopkinson bar ; sensitivity matrix ; status evaluation ; mining XLPE cables ; membership cloud ; D-S evidence theory ; PZT ; smart aggregate ; ECC beam ; damage monitoring ; aeromagnetic survey ; OBE interference compensation ; LSTM network ; rust detection ; transmission lines fitting ; object recognition ; faster R-CNN ; transmission safety ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 62
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This reprint focuses on the research of textile materials for conventional and protective clothing. More than ever, multidisciplinary research applied to the field of new textile materials and new techniques of processing and joining materials is needed. The main research topics of this Special Issue include research and development of new materials and the improvement of their properties, and the mechanical and thermal properties of yarns, materials and clothing. Simulations based on the physical and mechanical properties of fabrics for the purpose of prediction assessment of the appearance and behavior of clothing, as well as 3D virtual garment prototypes using 3D body models and involving 3D human-body scanning, are interesting and significant topics in the field of clothing engineering. The problem of microplastics that are produced during the manufacture or cleaning of synthetic textiles has also been investigated in this Special Issue.
    Keywords: electroconductive material ; polyamide ; silver ; shielding effectiveness ; wet cleaning ; dry cleaning ; polyurethane ; material ; clothing ; mechanical properties ; heat resistance ; woven fabric ; plain weave ; electrically conductive yarn ; resistance ; tensile force ; elongation ; knit ; plain stitch ; multi-filament yarn ; 3D model ; stretching ; air permeability ; fashion design ; textile material ; textile pattern ; thermal camouflage ; biomimetic ; leather ; drape coefficient ; leather rigidity ; drapability ; leather thickness ; kinematic 3D human-body model ; sitting posture ; Blender software ; virtual prototyping ; personalized clothing ; linen fabric ; warp crimp ; calculated crimp ; experimental crimp ; moisture vapor permeability ; ecofriendly fiber ; Tencel ; bamboo ; KES-F7 ; pore diameter ; fabric ; drape ; physical and mechanical properties ; polygonal model ; 3D simulation ; linen/silk fabric ; pilling resistance ; singeing ; pigment and reactive printing ; electrospinning ; nanofibres ; filtration ; particles retention ; multilayer systems ; clothing physiology ; tight-fitting sportswear ; running test on a treadmill ; thermal comfort ; skin temperature ; perspiration ; protective clothing for firefighters ; flame manikin ; fire resistant materials ; flammability of materials ; thermal decomposition ; microplastics ; wastewater ; textiles ; polyester ; polyester ageing ; bibliometric analysis ; research trend ; artificial intelligence ; Web of Science ; 3D printing ; textile applications ; polylactic acid (PLA) ; breaking force ; knee protector ; FR fabric ; printing ; wash fastness ; spectrophotometry ; cotton fabric ; Proban® ; environmentally friendly washing procedure ; flame retardant durability ; MCC ; appearance ; knitted fabric ; cycle load ; elastic limit ; elastane ; hysteresis curve ; socks ; modal ; micro modal ; yarn type ; durability ; comfort ; textile testing ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 63
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint covers topics on geographical scale of glacier and lake ice variations, as well as the engineering scale of ice properties and their practical applications via laboratory tests and numerical modeling.
    Keywords: level ice ; ice resistance ; probability distribution ; polar ship ; circumferential crack method ; ice phenology ; Eurasia ; analytical model ; climate ; altitude ; spatial statistics ; glacier resources ; glacier inventory ; climate change ; topography ; Xinjiang ; polar ships ; propeller ; ice blockage ; cavitation effect ; EFD-CFD ; Manas river basin ; Kaidu river basin ; glacier mass balance ; Geographical detector ; attribution analysis ; arctic oil and gas resources ; Kulluk platform ; mooring system ; ice load ; ice-structure interaction ; sea ice ; fresh-water ice ; parametrization scheme ; melting rate ; laboratory study ; unmanned aerial vehicles ; SIFT algorithm ; brutal force matching ; RANSAC algorithm ; ice velocity ; blasting under ice ; dynamic simulation ; blasting volume ; parameter analysis ; collaborative bearing capacity ; analytic hierarchy process ; SD model ; simulation prediction ; Ulan Suhai Lake ; lake ; wetlands ; optical satellite data ; cloud ; Wuliangsu Lake ; ship ice accumulation ; sea spray ; marine structures ; SPH-FEM coupling method ; distilled water ice ; uniaxial compressive strength ; growth temperature of ice ; strain rate ; grain size ; ice core ; fabric ; microstructure ; glacial shear margin ; Dalk Glacier ; river ice ; thickness ; GPR ; temperature ; Yellow River ; water resources from melted glaciers ; lake ice phenology ; ice properties ; ice engineering ; ecosystem under lake ice ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 64
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Sino-Singapore Guangzhou Knowledge City is a planned environmentally and technologically advanced city in China’s Guangzhou Development District that will host innovative industries and their workers. This report serves as an outline for a set of strategies for Knowledge City and is intended to help the developers create conditions that are conducive to innovation and the commercialization of new technologies.
    Keywords: Business ; Technology ; History ; Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCM Development economics & emerging economies ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 65
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This reprint showcases a selection of bleeding-edge articles about medical image processing and segmentation workflows based on artificial intelligence algorithms. The proposed papers are applied to multiple and different anatomical districts and clinical scenarios.
    Keywords: fundus image ; image registration ; deep learning ; computer vision applications ; nuclei segmentation ; histopathology ; Grad-CAM ; semantic segmentation ; instance segmentation ; nuclei detection ; pap smear ; cervical net ; shuffle net ; canonical correlation analysis (CCA) ; support vector machine (SVM) ; random forest (RF) ; k-nearest neighbour (KNN) ; artificial neural network (ANN) ; dual-energy CT ; two-step method ; limited-angular range ; directional total variation ; PA ; CNN ; tooth disease recognition ; image segmentation ; image preprocessing ; breast cancer ; mitotic nuclei classification ; histopathology images ; artificial hummingbird algorithm ; medical imaging ; cervical cancer ; feature fusion ; feature selection ; deep learning structures ; support vector machine ; disease discrimination accuracy ; performance comparisons ; 2D/3D registration ; orthogonal X-ray ; breast density ; CAD ; image enhancement ; textural ; auto-segmentation ; neuroimaging ; magnetic resonance imaging ; ovarian tumor ; 2D ultrasound image ; image inpainting ; lesion segmentation ; attention mechanism ; GAN ; medical image analysis ; synthetic CT ; MRI guidance ; MRI-only ; image-guided radiotherapy ; carbon ion radiotherapy ; particle therapy ; rare tumor ; PCNSL ; radiomics ; image normalization ; MRI ; prostate cancer ; prostate segmentation ; U-Net ; mp-MRI ; loss function ; automatic volume measurement ; ultrasound bladder scanner ; edge computing ; urinary disease ; artificial intelligence ; mandible ; segmentation ; 3D virtual reconstruction ; CBCT ; CT ; Convolutional Neural Networks ; comparison ; in-house ; software ; patch size ; Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery ; DICOM ; osteoarthritis ; histopathological ; hematoxylin eosin ; safranin O fast green ; DarkNet-19 ; MobileNet ; NasNet ; ResNet-101 ; ShuffleNet ; PCA ; ALO ; ensemble learning ; OCT ; pyramidal network ; scale-adaptive ; teeth segmentation ; panoramic radiographs ; mask-transformer-based networks ; panoptic segmentation ; tuberous sclerosis complex ; children ; convolutional neural network ; multi-contrast MRI ; rare neurodevelopmental disorder ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This Special Issue reprint, “Advanced Polymer Nanocomposites II”, addresses high-quality original and review papers, focused on the scientific discussion and practical application in the field of functional polymer nanocomposites, including: (a) optoelectronic materials (papers 1-9); (b) biomedical materials (papers 10-14); and (c) other functional polymer nanocomposites (papers 15-23). We hope that this Special Issue reprint can promote academic research exchanges and identify and respond to tremendous challenges of research in this burgeoning field.
    Keywords: hexagonal boron nitride ; jet cavitation ; silicone ; thermal conductivity ; silica sol ; soft contact lens ; poly(HEMA-co-NVP) ; oxygen permeability ; hydrophilicity ; POSS ; phenolic resin ; hydrogen bonding ; supercapacitors ; parylene ; CVD ; bioremediation ; polymer ; cellulase ; Bacillus ; Li4Ti5O12 ; polyimide ; carbon coating ; lithium ion battery ; rate performance ; polyaniline ; ferrite ; α″-Fe16N2 ; superparamagnetic ; inverse suspension polymerization ; β-tricalcium phosphate ; biocomposites ; osteoconduction ; polycaprolactone ; epoxy resin ; nanocomposites ; silica nanoparticles ; mechanical behavior ; high strain rate ; split Hopkinson bar ; FeNC catalyst ; polyimine ; two-stage calcination ; oxygen reduction reaction ; bone tissue regeneration ; chitosan nanocomposites ; critical size defect ; graphene oxide ; titanium dioxide nanoparticles ; polymer electrolytes ; composites ; biopolymers ; zinc batteries ; magnesium batteries ; properties ; graphene ; carbon nanotubes ; electromagnetic interference shielding ; Nepenthes structure ; bionic replica ; zwitterion polymers ; self-driving water ; unidirectional water delivery ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection ; cable joint ; liquid silicone rubber ; nonlinear conductivity ; space charge ; magnetic nanomaterials ; conjugated polymers ; poly-N-phenylanthranilic acid ; one-step synthesis ; IR heating ; natural rubber latex ; Bi2O3 ; BaSO4 ; X-ray shielding ; gloves ; mechanical properties ; poly ionic liquids ; nanofibers ; electrospinning ; gold nanoparticles ; hybrid nanocomposites ; polyurethanes ; solution blow spinning ; dielectrics ; superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) ; dry coating ; solvent-free process ; discrete core-shell coating ; propargyl methacrylate (PMA) ; mesoporous carbon microbeads (MCMB) ; solid electrolyte interface (SEI) ; reinforcement ; nanocomposite ; application ; supramolecular micelle ; C60 ; hydroxyl radical scavenger ; surface-enhanced Raman scattering detection ; water pollutants ; bionic nanostructure ; silver nanoislands ; thermal evaporation ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: When adopting remote sensing techniques in precision agriculture, there are two main areas to consider: data acquisition and data analysis methodologies. Imagery and remote sensor data collected using different platforms provide a variety of information volumes and formats. For example, recent research in precision agriculture has used multispectral images from different platforms, such as satellites, airborne, and, most recently, drones. These images have been used for various analyses, from the detection of pests and diseases, growth, and water status of crops to yield estimations. However, accurately detecting specific biotic or abiotic stresses requires a narrow range of spectral information to be analyzed for each application. In data analysis, the volume and complexity of data formats obtained using the latest technologies in remote sensing (e.g., a cube of data for hyperspectral imagery) demands complex data processing systems and data analysis using multiple inputs to estimate specific categorical or numerical targets. New and emerging methodologies within artificial intelligence, such as machine learning and deep learning, have enabled us to deal with these increasing data volumes and the analysis complexity.
    Keywords: vineyard ; pesticide application ; variable rate application ; unmanned aerial vehicle ; satellite ; nanosatellite ; monsoon crops ; leaf area index ; leaf chlorophyll concentration ; crop water content ; multispectral ; hyperspectral ; deep learning ; forage dry matter yield ; high-throughput phenotyping ; Brazilian pasture ; nitrogen indicator ; nitrogen nutrition diagnosis ; optical sensor ; spectral index ; UAV ; wheat lodging ; lightweight ; digital surface model (DSM) ; winter wheat ; fractional order differential ; continuous wavelet transform ; optimal subset regression ; support vector machine ; wheat powdery mildew ; machine learning ; information fusion ; remote sensing monitoring ; hyperspectral imaging ; dimensionality reduction ; LDA ; PLS ; PCA ; RandomForest ; ReliefF ; XGB ; Meloidogyne ; Solanum tuberosum ; soil salinity sensitive parameter ; random forest ; optimal retrieval model ; remote sensing ; high throughput phenotyping ; UAV/drone ; biomass estimation ; oats ; wheat ; yield prediction ; random forests ; satellite imagery ; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: With increasing requirements for energy, resources and space, rock engineering projects are being constructed more often and are operated in large-scale environments with complex geology. Meanwhile, rock failures and rock instabilities occur more frequently, and severely threaten the safety and stability of rock engineering projects. It is well-recognized that rock has multi-scale structures and involves multi-scale fracture processes. Meanwhile, rocks are commonly subjected simultaneously to complex static stress and strong dynamic disturbance, providing a hotbed for the occurrence of rock failures. In addition, there are many multi-physics coupling processes in a rock mass. It is still difficult to understand these rock mechanics and characterize rock behavior during complex stress conditions, multi-physics processes, and multi-scale changes. Therefore, our understanding of rock mechanics and the prevention and control of failure and instability in rock engineering needs to be furthered. The primary aim of this Special Issue “Mathematical Problems in Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering” is to bring together original research discussing innovative efforts regarding in situ observations, laboratory experiments and theoretical, numerical, and big-data-based methods to overcome the mathematical problems related to rock mechanics and rock engineering. It includes 12 manuscripts that illustrate the valuable efforts for addressing mathematical problems in rock mechanics and rock engineering.
    Keywords: rock mechanics ; rock engineering ; mathematical problem ; dynamic mechanics ; rock classification ; macroscopic deformation ; thermal treatment ; cooling condition ; acoustic emission ; pollution evaluation ; open-pit rock blasting ; extreme learning machine ; dynamic response ; freeze-and-thaw damage ; intelligent prediction ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: This is a reprint of the Special Issue entitled “Wood-Based Materials in Building” and deals with the latest developments in reinforcing construction materials, their joining, glulam–concrete composite beams, the effect of fire-retarding wood on its strength, and the applicability of newly developed wood-based boards and composite insulation materials produced with the use of wood by-products.
    Keywords: timber–timber joints ; single-step joint ; double-step joint ; resource efficient construction ; digital image correlation ; finite element analysis ; wood ; fire retardants ; artificial ageing ; compression strength ; polyurethane foam ; wood by-products ; filler ; cellular structure ; performance properties ; bolts ; dowels ; dowel-type fasteners ; FEM ; frame connection ; fully threaded screws ; glued laminated timber ; numerical model ; rotational stiffness ; bark ; chipboard ; sawdust ; wood-based material ; wood chips ; formaldehyde emission ; mechanical properties ; UF resin ; plywood ; wood-base materials ; bolts and dowels ; apex connection ; folding mechanism ; FEA ; panelized light frame roof ; glulam-concrete composite beam ; timber board interlayer ; bending performance ; finite element model ; parametric study ; glued laminated beams ; fibre-reinforced timber ; load-bearing capacity ; stiffness ; ductility ; modulus of elasticity ; bending test ; carbon cords ; carbon laminates ; knots ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    RAND Corporation
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Is the United States in danger of losing its competitive edge in science and technology? This volume reviews the arguments surrounding this issue and contrasts them with relevant data, including trends in research and development investment; information on the size, composition, and pay of the U.S. science and engineering workforce; and domestic and international education statistics. The authors conclude with recommendations for policymakers.
    Keywords: Technology ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJW Office & workplace::KJWX Working patterns & practices ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNF Educational strategies & policy ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: Non-metallic inclusions have a great influence on the cleanliness and mechanical properties of steel. Controlling the size and composition of inclusions contributes to the excellent properties of “clean steel”. At the same time, in terms of our understanding of inclusions’ behavior using thermodynamics principles, the design and control of the composition, shape, size, and distribution of non-metallic inclusions in different steels can significantly enhance steel properties. This reprint introduces the latest developments in inclusion engineering, aiming to control the cleanliness and microstructure of steel through thermodynamic calculations and experimental work. Special attention is paid to the formation mechanism and evolution of inclusions during refining and solidification in real steel plants, the aggregation and floating of inclusions, and the kinetics of inclusion adsorption by refining slag.
    Keywords: MnS ; inclusion ; cerium ; sulfur ; fracture ; Cr5 ; back-up roller ; forged ingot ; large-size inclusions ; SiO2-MnO-Al2O3 ; contact angle ; aluminum deoxidation ; magnetic particle inspection ; defects ; nonmetallic inclusion ; cleanliness ; Ti-bearing IF steel ; reoxidation ; long producing process ; U75V heavy rail steel ; Cerium treatment ; gleeble ; MgO saturation ; industrial trial ; non-metallic inclusions ; thermodynamic calculation ; nonmetallic inclusions ; MgO-Al2O3 ; CaO-MgO-Al2O3 ; thermodynamic ; kinetic ; electroslag remelting ; evolution ; CAFE ; equiaxed crystal ratio ; macrosegregation ; numerical simulation ; continuous casting ; process optimization ; rare earth Ce ; inclusions ; modification ; non-oriented silicon steel ; rare earth oxysulfides ; rare earth La–Ce ; magnetic property ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: International experts contribute to Fractional- and Integer-Order System: Control Theory and Applications, providing an authoritative overview of the most recent developments in control theory as well as practical examples of fractional- and integer-order systems. Generously referenced and illustrated, the reprint highlights the growing interest in control science and is an invaluable resource for applied and industrial mathematicians, biological, control, electrical and electronics engineers and scientists.
    Keywords: fractional fourier transform ; weighted-type fractional fourier transform ; multiweighted-type fractional Fourier transform ; unitarity ; direct autotuning methods ; indirect autotuning methods ; fractional-order controllers ; simulation results ; interval analysis ; interval estimator ; finite-time convergence ; bounded uncertainties ; infectious diseases ; SEIR epidemic model ; fractional calculus ; neutral systems ; fixed-point theory ; distributed interval observer ; fractional-order multiagent systems ; monotone system theory ; generalized Caputo derivate ; fractional diffusion equation ; finite difference method ; collocation method ; error ; stability and convergence analysis ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; fuzzy logic control ; particle swarm optimization algorithm ; initial value problem ; fractional differential systems ; fractional integral equation ; infinite-state approach ; Riemann–Liouville integral ; frequency distributed exponential function ; fractional-order differential equations ; verification of pseudo-state enclosures ; Mittag-Leffler-type enclosures ; exponential enclosures ; fractional order ; synchronization ; event triggered ; uncertain ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNT Media, information & communication industries::KNTX Information technology industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: Fresh fruit and vegetables are considered as essential components of a healthy human diet, due to their pleasant taste and rich nutrients. However, fruits and vegetables are characterized by production seasonality, regionality, and perishability, which greatly affect the acceptance of consumers and increase the challenges of their post-harvest storage and preservation. A plurality of preservation technologies, including chemical treatment (calcium chloride, 1-methylcyclopropene, salicylic acid, etc.), physical methods (low-temperature conditioning, controlled atmosphere storage, ultraviolet-C irradiation, etc.), and biotechnology (such as genetic engineering technology) have been applied to maintain storage quality and to extend the storage life of fresh fruit and vegetables in recent years. Developing advanced preservation techniques to prolong the storage life of fruit and vegetables is of importance for improving social and economic benefits. Therefore, we invited authors to contribute original research articles and review articles focused on the innovative preservation technology of fresh produce, addressing storage problems, such as post-harvest quality deterioration caused by senescence, physiological disorders, and disease, to extend the shelf-life of fresh produce and reduce post-harvest loss.
    Keywords: tomato ; bacteriocin ; soft rot ; biocontrol ; vegetable preservation ; loquat fruit ; calcium chloride ; chilling injury ; reactive oxygen species ; ascorbate–glutathione cycle ; chive ; senescence ; quality ; antioxidant capacity ; amino acids ; organosulfur compounds ; peptide PAF56 ; citrus fruit ; changes cell structure ; spores ; membrane permeability ; acetic acid ; decontamination ; lactic acid ; pitaya fruit ; p-Anisaldehyde ; reactive oxygen species (ROS) ; AsA-GSH cycle ; antioxidant activity ; ripening ; enzymatic activities ; anthracnose ; shelf-life ; cold shock ; MAP ; cucumber ; storage ; VOCs ; photodynamic inactivation (PDI) ; antimicrobial ; biofilm ; fresh-cut pakchoi ; preservation ; hydrogen sulfide ; antioxidant enzyme ; energy ; proline ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Blockchain applications in different industries are booming, yet there are many unresolved challenges with the mass adoption of the technology. This reprint is an attempt to review some of the applications in different industries and propose solutions to some of the critical challenges in technology adoption.
    Keywords: distributed ledger technology ; blockchain ; decentralized applications ; technology review ; development guidelines ; architecture ; anti-counterfeiting ; decentralization ; product authenticity ; end-to-end traceability ; supply chain integrity ; supply chain provenance ; NFC-Enabled Anti-Counterfeiting System ; Near-Field communication ; Internet-of-Things ; Internet of Things ; information technology ; innovation ; supply chains ; transparency ; traceability ; safety ; food systems ; transactions ; smart contracts ; electrical network frequency (ENF) ; Proof-of-ENF (PoENF) ; consensus ; security ; Internet of Video Things (IoVT) ; proof of work ; proof of stake ; consensus mechanism ; 51% attack ; double-mining attack ; technological development ; scalability ; storage ; data integrity ; performance ; smart contract ; M2X ; smart autonomous devices ; e-governance ; lifecycle management ; smart grid ; internet of vehicles ; demand response ; systematic literature review ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: The 5th conference on sustainability in civil engineering was held online on August 03, 2023, by the Department of Civil Engineering of Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan. The major topics included green construction materials and structures, construction management, and resilient infrastructure and environment. A total of 133 submissions from the UK, Ireland, Canada, Australia, Italy, Cyprus, China, Kazakhstan, Nigeria, Malaysia, KSA, and Pakistan were received. All papers had undergone a comprehensive and critical double-blind review process. In total, 57 reviewers from 16 different countries reviewed papers. In the conference, nine9 speakers delivered keynote lectures, and 56 accepted papers were presented. Civil engineers from academia and industry shared their practical experiences and different research findings.
    Keywords: Civil Engineering ; Sustainability ; Construction Materials ; Composite Materials ; Modern Materials ; Structural Material Behavior ; Structural Analysis ; Structural Design ; Earthquake Engineering ; Engineering Dynamics ; Building Information Modelling (BIM) ; Project Management for Sustainable Development ; Sustainability in Construction Projects ; Construction Safety ; Construction Contracts ; Smart and Sustainable Construction ; Construction Waste Management ; IT applications in Construction ; Environmental Engineering ; Environmental Sciences ; Irrigation Engineering ; Water Resource Engineering &amp ; Management ; Highway &amp ; Traffic Engineering ; Urban &amp ; Transportation Planning ; Geotechnical Engineering ; Geological Engineering&nbsp ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint is of interest regarding contaminated sites remediation, which integrates the research results within 20 publications covering contaminated sites remediation's full life cycle. They include pollution investigation, environmental fate, pollution control, and review. In addition, the reprint addresses all aspects of contaminated site remediation, including heavy metal pollution, organic pollution, and combined pollution. These results can help to understand the remediation of the contaminated sites in depth throughout the life cycle and help break through the bottleneck of contaminated sites remediation and provide new ideas and methods for the development of contaminated sites remediation.
    Keywords: magnetic composites ; tetracycline ; adsorption ; advanced oxidation processes ; solid waste ; soil contamination ; biochar ; Brassica campestris L. ; Cd ; Pb ; hexavalent chromium ; chrome plating site ; pollution distribution ; leachability ; speciation ; site investigation ; in situ pXRF ; multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) ; heavy metals ; rapid field screening ; bone char ; hydrogen peroxide treatment ; cadmium ; adsorption mechanism ; ion interchange ; BDE-209 ; soil suspension ; photodegradation ; products ; mechanism ; surface sediment ; ecological risk assessment ; Pearl Bay ; heavy metal ; sediment ; ecological risk ; Shantou Bay ; copper ; water spinach ; antioxidant enzymes ; microbial community ; tailings pond ; form ; rhizosphere ; miscanthus floridulus ; electroplating factory ; groundwater ; soil ; multivariable analysis ; environmental evaluation ; penetration curve ; petroleum pollution ; PHE ; soil column ; typical oilfields ; vertical migration ; soil remediation ; cadmium contamination ; recent advances ; challenges and prospects ; winter jujube ; Yellow River Delta ; granular-activated carbon ; polybrominated diphenyl ethers ; Triton X-100 ; soil-washing effluent ; density functional theory calculation ; human-health risk ; numerical simulation ; polyethylene ; phenanthrene ; soil properties ; soil enzyme ; pyrite ; AMD ; surface passivation ; band bending ; lead ; ecotype ; accumulation and translocation ; Cr(VI) ; migration ; model ; slag ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: This study draws lessons regarding technological countermeasures to radioactive contamination caused by the Fukushima Dai-Ichi nuclear power plant accident. It focuses on contamination measurement, efforts to limit dispersal, decontamination, and storage of radioactive materials. The report analyzes technological successes and identifies capability gaps that could be redressed through novel technologies or improved use of existing technologies.
    Keywords: Business ; History ; Sociology ; Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJF Asian history ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFC Social impact of disasters ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” is a comprehensive, edited Special Issue that explores the latest advances in the application of soft computing and machine learning techniques to dam engineering. This reprint covers a range of topics, including dam design, construction, monitoring, and maintenance, and provides readers with a deep understanding of the theoretical foundations and practical applications of these techniques.Featuring contributions from leading experts in the field, the reprint presents a collection of 11 papers that offer insights into state-of-the-art approaches in dam engineering. The chapters cover topics such as fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and support vector machines, and provide practical examples of how these techniques can be applied to solve real-world dam engineering problems.Whether you are a researcher, engineer, or student in the field of dam engineering, “Soft Computing and Machine Learning in Dam Engineering” provides a valuable resource for staying up-to-date with the latest techniques and approaches in the field.
    Keywords: dams ; Polynomial Chaos Expansion ; random fields ; random forest ; vibration analysis ; gravity dams ; safety assessment ; probabilistic analysis ; parameter uncertainty ; sample optimization ; variance-based sensitivity analysis ; sensitivity analysis ; polynomial chaos expansion ; uncertainty ; deep neural networks ; rockfill dams ; anomaly detection ; machine learning ; support vector machines ; one-class classification ; concrete dam ; machine learning methods ; structural behaviour ; model validation ; ice loads ; concrete dams ; back-calculation ; dam safety ; monitoring ; arch dams ; seismic safety ; endurance time analysis ; non-linear seismic analysis ; concrete damage model ; tensile and compressive damage ; design variable ; finite element ; feasibility design ; surrogate ; AutoML ; roller compacted concrete (RCC) ; risk-informed design ; Cascadia subduction zone (CSZ) ; non-linear structural analysis ; multilayer perceptron neural network model ; structural health monitoring ; threshold definition ; moving average of the residuals ; moving standard deviation of the residuals ; DBSCAN ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: With the continuous advancement of coastal, offshore, and deep-sea engineering construction (e.g. marine oil, gas, and mineral resource development, offshore wind power projects), associated studies on marine geological environments and hazards have also advanced in parallel. This reprint“Advances in Marine Engineering: Geological Environment and Hazards” is formed by a Special Issue (SI) that was organized by Prof. Xiaolei Liu from the Ocean University of China, Prof. Thorsten Stoesser from the University College London, and Dr. Xingsen Guo from the University College London to document research advances in the topics of marine engineering, including marine geological environments, marine geological hazards, marine engineering geology, marine hydrodynamics, marine fluid mechanics, and marine geotechnical engineering. The high-quality papers collected in this book involve many classic and innovative methodologies in this research field, including but not limited to analytical and statistical analyses, numerical simulations, laboratory testing, and marine surveys. The book represents the state-of-the-art in the latest research concepts, advanced methods, and data that will contribute greatly to the development of the field of marine geological environments and hazards.
    Keywords: gas-hydrate-bearing sediments ; mechanical behavior ; dynamic loading ; discrete element simulation ; macro-meso ; South China Sea ; submarine soft soil ; triaxial test ; mechanical properties ; normalized behavior ; CO2 hydrate slurry ; rheology ; shear-thickening ; Herschel–Bulkley-type model ; sediment acoustic ; frequency dependence ; sound speed ; attenuation ; Biot–Stoll model ; seafloor sediments ; XGBoost ; the East China Sea ; groundwater ; hydrochemistry ; Guangdong coastal zone ; seawater intrusion ; nitrate pollution ; undrained shear strength ; clay samples ; mini-ball penetration test ; low temperature ; strength of bound water ; viscosity of free water ; seafloor bedform ; multibeam bathymetry ; sub-bottom profile ; bottom current ; laterally loaded piles ; initial stiffness ; undrained clay slope ; nonlinear formulations ; finite-element analysis ; cyclic shear test ; silt–steel interface ; stress–displacement mechanical properties ; submarine landslide ; in-situ investigation ; physical modelling ; numerical simulation ; calcareous sand ; cyclic load ; cumulative axial strain ; stiffness ; damping ratio ; deep-buried tunnel ; analytical solution ; anisotropic flow ; conformal mapping ; seepage field ; gas hydrate ; high-resolution seismic ; ultra-high-energy plasma source ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This reprint focuses on fish otoliths, as one of the most useful and important biological structures for fishery scientists and managers around the world. Collected papers cover several different research areas, from the otolith macro- to the microstructure and microchemistry, analyzing different types of otoliths and investigating various freshwater and marine species in their larval, juvenile and adult stages. Special attention is given to different approaches in otolith research and to many practical applications of such studies. The obtained data served to determine the age and growth of individual fish; to study habitat interactions, migration patterns, or habitats that the fish live in; to detect water temperatures or the presence of certain pollutants in the environment; and to reveal all other vital information about the life history of the fish.
    Keywords: sagittal otolith ; somatic growth ; long-lived fishes ; ontogeny ; teleost anatomy ; development ; fish morphology ; Fourier ; marking ; alizarin complexone ; hard tissue ; fin ray ; otolith ; scale ; silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) ; age ; growth ; otoliths ; morphometry ; Sphyraena sphyraena ; fish age determination ; Greenland halibut ; deep learning ; dataset shift ; domain adaptation ; red snapper ; wavelet ; genetic diversity ; population structure ; asteriscus ; side effect ; otolith shape ; geographical effect ; temperature effect ; pH ; brook trout ; fish kill ; anadromy ; otolith microchemistry ; crucian carp ; strontium ; marking efficiency ; restocking ; time delay ; fish otoliths ; CNN ; age determination ; web tool ; Kokanee ; homing ; stocking ; Anguilla anguilla ; fish biology ; ecosystem variability ; minho river ; stock assessment ; Coilia nasus ; river estuary ; Yellow Sea ; elemental signature ; stable isotopic signature ; stock spatial structure ; atherinids ; trade-off ; daily growth ; spawning ; European hake ; length–frequency distribution ; sex-ratio ; hydro-morpho-sedimentary characteristics ; marginal increment analysis ; band deposition ; Thunnus thynnus ; growth curves ; edge analysis ; growth performance index ; quartile of marginal growth band method ; k-fold cross-validation ; back-calculation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This book discusses the manifold applications of several non-destructive methods to a few classes of materials. In particular, X-ray imaging techniques (both in the laboratory and at synchrotron radiation sources) as well Eddy current and magnetic methods are used in a few example materials (metals, concrete and others) to assess the quality of large components and these techniques' suitability as materials characterization tools. Advanced non-destructive evaluation techniques, such as neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction, only available at large-scale installations, are also shown to yield particularly relevant information about the residual stress of additively manufactured materials and components. Such large-scale techniques complement laboratory tools well in accessing all the scales of application from micro-level to conventional non-destructive techniques.
    Keywords: micro-scale ; X-ray imaging ; characterization ; metrology ; components ; micro-parts ; quality ; eddy currents ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: Advanced ceramics are referred to in various parts of the world as technical ceramics, high-tech ceramics, and high-performance ceramics. Advanced ceramics have better performances in quality as well as new applications that traditional ones do not have. They have multiple physical and mechanical properties including high hardness, high strength, thermal shock resistance, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high-temperature resistance. In view of these characteristics, advanced ceramics are often high value-added products. Developments in advanced ceramics continue at a rapid pace, constituting what can be considered a revolution in the kind of materials and properties obtained.This reprint is intended for material researchers and application developers who seek information on the microstructural design and processing control of advanced ceramics, including piezoelectric ceramics, high-temperature ceramic composites, ceramic coatings, metal glasses, etc.
    Keywords: Aurivillius phase ceramic ; Bi3TiNbO9 ; electrical conduction behaviors ; impedance spectrum ; electrical modulus ; composite ceramic fibers ; boron nitride ; silicon nitride ; SrBi4Ti4O15 ; high-temperature piezoceramics ; oxide additives ; curie temperature ; piezoelectric coefficient ; ion substitution ; Al2TiO5 ; ceramics ; crystal structure ; residual stresses ; neutron diffraction ; Ti3SiC2-PbO-Ag composites ; tribo-chemical reaction ; self-lubricating composite ; tribo-oxidation ; photodeposition ; electron escape ; semiconductor photocatalyst ; MAX phase ; SPS ; Ti3SiC2/Cu composites ; sintering characteristic ; ferroelectrics ; BiFeO3 ; humidity response ; sol–gel preparation ; CaBi4Ti4O15 ; ion doping ; electrical conduction ; dielectric relaxation ; oxygen vacancies ; BMGs ; microstructural inhomogeneity ; tribological behaviors ; HRRF ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 83
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: U.S. communities depend on reliable, safe, and secure rail systems. Each weekday, more than 12 million passengers take to U.S. railways. This book explains a framework for security planners and policymakers to guide cost-effective rail-security planning, specifically for the risk of terrorism. Risk is a function of threat, vulnerability, and consequences. This book focuses on addressing vulnerabilities and limiting consequences.
    Keywords: Political Science ; Transportation Studies ; Technology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWL Terrorism, armed struggle ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WG Transport: general interest
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  • 84
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: Acoustic sensors have an extremely wide range of applications in many fields, including underwater acoustics, architectural acoustics, engineering acoustics, physical acoustics, environmental acoustics, psychoacoustics, and so on. The signals collected by high-sensitivity acoustic sensors contain a large amount of valid information that facilitates further processing of the collected acoustic signals. In particular, detection and feature extraction, as two important measures of acoustic sensor signal processing, can capture more information regarding the target and extract features with separability.
    Keywords: Scholte wave detection ; multilayer elastic bottom ; acoustic pressure field ; source depth ; propagation distance ; feature extraction ; target recognition ; neural networks ; underwater acoustic signals ; acoustic ranging ; acoustic thermometry ; digital lock-in filtering ; electrical conduit ; time-of-flight estimation ; delay estimation ; singular value decomposition ; GCC-PHAT-ργ weighting ; generalized cross-correlation ; SPB method ; sound pass-by ; low-noise surfaces ; noise modeling ; road traffic noise ; unattended noise measurement procedure ; traffic measurements ; noise emission ; environmental noise ; sound ; partial updates ; least mean squares ; Leaky LMS ; structural active noise control ; deconvolved beamforming ; fractional Fourier transform ; direction of arrival estimation ; linear frequency modulation signal ; fault diagnosis ; hierarchical slope entropy ; white shark optimizer ; optimized support vector machine ; bearing signals ; metro traction motor bearings ; multisignal fusion ; Markov transition field ; optimized deep residual network ; diagnosis of compound faults ; multistable stochastic resonance ; adaptive parameter ; improved grey wolf algorithm ; bearing fault detection ; state estimation ; unknown statistical characteristics of noise ; cost-reference particle filter ; multi-population cooperation ; intelligent resample ; Gaussian mutation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 85
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The global financial crisis plunged the global economy into a great recession. Many central banks responded with unconventional monetary policies such as quantitative easing, negative policy rates, and forward guidance to calm down financial markets. The COVID-19 pandemic led the global economy, financial markets, and central banks to face even more severe problems. Central banks set up further asset purchase programmes to complement existing unconventional monetary policy measures that have already been in place to help the economy to absorb the COVID-19 shock. The new crisis has increased the importance of preserving financial stability through the international cooperation of central banks around the globe. Managing the expectations of market participants plays a crucial role in the context of financial stability. Therefore, the aim of this Special Issue is to disseminate important empirical and theoretical research questions concerning the connection between monetary policy and international financial markets and to stimulate discussion among academics and policymakers. A special focus is devoted to emerging and developing economies. The Special Issue covers several different articles on a variety of topics from the fields of monetary policy and international financial markets. The contributions address research questions on exchange rates, cryptocurrencies, stock markets, the connection between money supply and inflation after the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of commodity price shocks for banking system stability in developing countries, global liquidity effects, the twin deficit, and the Taylor rule.
    Keywords: exchange rates ; cryptocurrencies ; inflation ; COVID-19 ; commodity prices ; emerging and developing countries ; stock markets ; banking ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 86
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM) is a revolutionary advanced digital manufacturing technology developed in recent decades, which is also a key strategic technology for technological innovation and industrial sustainability. This technology unlocks the design and constraints of traditional manufacturing and meets the needs of complex geometry fabrication and high-performance part fabrication. A deeper understanding of the design, materials, processes, structures, properties and applications is desired to produce novel functional devices, as well as defect-free structurally sound and reliable LAM parts.The topics in this Special Issue reprint include macro- and micro-scale additive manufacturing with lasers, such as structure/material design, fabrication, modeling and simulation, in situ characterization of additive manufacturing processes and ex situ materials characterization and performance, with an overview that covers various applications in aerospace, biomedicine, optics and energy.In this Special Issue reprint, papers on different subjects were published after the high-quality reviewing process, with a total of 17 contributions (1 editorial, 2 review papers and 14 original research papers) and times viewed being over 13K (as of Nov 15 2022). Six articles were selected as Editor’s Choice, and one article was selected as the Issue Cover (Volume 13, Issue 8).
    Keywords: Mg-Zn solid solution ; laser sintering ; mechanical alloying ; corrosion resistance ; directed energy deposition ; additive manufacturing ; bimetal ; analytical model ; printability maps ; femtosecond laser ; hyaluronic acid methacryloyl ; polyethylene glycol diacrylate ; stimuli-responsiveness ; selective laser melting ; laser powder bed fusion ; Ti–6Al–4V ; heat treatment ; annealing ; laser cutting ; non-contact process ; neutron tube shells ; 304 stainless steel ; fiber laser ; thermal transmission simulation ; Ti-6Al-4V ; dynamic behaviors ; porosity ; spall ; NiTi alloy ; CuSn10 alloy ; dissimilar materials ; interfacial bonding properties ; laser material deposition ; pulse wave laser ; temperature field simulation ; surface quality ; microstructural features ; corrosion behavior ; laser melting injection ; W particles ; Al alloys ; wear ; iron bone implant ; zinc sulfide ; degradation properties ; passivation film ; thermal management materials ; titanium-coated diamond/copper composites ; copper-coated diamond/copper composites ; selective laser sintering ; carbon fiber reinforced polyamide composites ; strain rate ; hygroscopicity ; additively manufacture ; 17-4PH stainless steel ; laser additive manufacturing ; Poisson’s ratio ; anti-tetrachiral stents ; biocompatibility ; spatter ; in situ detection ; generation mechanism ; detrimental effects ; counter-measures ; compression ; microstructure transformation ; dislocation pinning ; recovery ability ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 87
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-07-14
    Description: The research scope of this reprint mainly focuses on GNSS data processing methods; GNSS applications; precise GNSS positioning and navigation; theories, models, and methods for processing wojGNSS errors; multi-GNSS positioning technologies; positioning and navigation methods under challenging environments; and low-cost GNSS positioning and navigation.
    Keywords: relative positioning ; GPS/BDS ; multi-baseline solution ; deformation monitoring ; positioning and navigation ; indoor positioning ; Beacons selection ; signal anomaly detection ; BeiDou-3 Navigation Satellite System ; real-time clock offset ; PPP-B2b service ; BDS-3 ; clock offsets estimated ; inter-satellite links ; two-way satellite time and frequency transfer ; GNSS ; independent baseline ; GNSS network solution ; observation-max ; shortest ; observation density ; minimum spanning tree ; high-rate GNSS ; structural health monitoring ; PPP ; PPP-AR ; RTK ; BDS-3 new signals ; RT-PPP ; single-/dual-frequency RT-PPP ; ASV-PWV model ; radiosonde ; ERA5 ; Qinghai Tibet Plateau ; real-time Precise Point Positioning (RT-PPP) ; Inertial Navigation Pystem (INS) ; odometer ; tightly coupled integration ; BDS ; B1I/B3I frequencies ; B1C/B2a frequencies ; iGMAS ; precise orbits ; GPS ; Galileo ; single point positioning (SPP) ; positioning performance ; GNSS/INS sensors ; Smartphone Xiaomi Mi8 ; kinematic-trajectory acquisition ; u-blox ZED-F9P and ZED-F9R ; mobile mapping system (MMS) ; Android ; multi-GNSS ; real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning ; receiver channel-dependent bias ; differential inter-system bias (DISB) ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 88
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: The objective of this book is to publish the most recent technological advancements, and theoretical and practical research outcomes, alongside high-quality literature reviews on wireless power transfer to charge electric vehicles. More substantial research is proposed due to the fast-growing market for electric vehicles, and recent advances in wireless power transfer techniques have the potential to make this technology available for all consumers by overcoming its drawbacks. For instance, one of the major downsides to EVs is the requirement for an automobile to be idle during charging times. This problem can be solved by implementing dynamic wireless power transfer (WPT) with a higher power transfer efficiency (PTE). So, this book endeavors to create a major forum for investigating recent advances and the envisioned future in wireless power transfer for electric vehicles in terms of modeling, design, performance, operation, control, implementation, storage, electric machines, power electronics converters, optimization, cost, charging techniques, and applications. This book provides valuable contributions to the field of electric vehicles: inductive power transfer concepts; airport inductive charging infrastructures; the design of a wireless charging system for an e-bike with grid connection; control of renewables; social, economic, political, and technical factors for dynamic wireless charging; the influence of posture and coil position on the safety of a WPT; double-coil dynamic shielding technology for WPT; reduction in cogging torque in a PM brushless DC motor; and optimal dynamic scheduling of EVs in a parking lot.
    Keywords: charging cost ; dynamic charging ; economics ; electric vehicles ; optimization ; parking lots ; static charging ; PMBLDC motor ; cogging torque ; finite element analysis ; virtual work method ; shifting angle ; electromagnetic field ; wireless power transfer ; shielding ; electric vehicle ; EMF safety ; numerical dosimetry ; wireless charging ; dynamic wireless power transfer ; EV charging infrastructure ; stakeholder engagement ; electric road systems ; system demand ; APF ; power quality ; SRF ; UPC ; VAR ; brushless doubly fed reluctance generator (BDFRG) ; crowbar ; symmetrical fault ; unsymmetrical fault ; wind turbine (WT) ; inductive power transfer ; e-bikes ; forward converter ; dynamic wireless charging ; airport apron ; airport infrastructure planning ; electric busses ; charging automation ; electric vehicles (EVs) ; wireless power transfer (WPT) ; production ; automation ; inductive power transfer (IPT) ; manufacturing ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 89
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-06-23
    Description: Streams and rivers are subject to considerable hydrodynamic loads. Flow interactions with natural or man-made structures in open channels lead to the development of complex dynamic processes, requiring further studies to comprehend fully. This Special Issue has been conceived to facilitate improvement or propose new approaches, summarize the most important findings of previous studies, and encourage the development of further knowledge in the field of open-channel flows. Various topics are addressed in this SI, including flow interaction with hydraulic structures, flow dynamics in estuaries, flow-vegetation interactions, bed sediment effects on flow structures, and the effect of channel curvature on flow behaviors and sediment transport. The studies published in this Special Issue certainly help readers understand the turbulent flow involved in open channels and apply that understanding to the design and practice of hydraulic engineering and river management.
    Keywords: sinuous channel ; velocity fluctuations ; river bend erosion ; structure function ; debris flows ; flow velocity ; sediment concentration ; prevision ; river hydraulics ; vegetation ; flow resistance ; turbulence ; numerical methods ; scour ; equilibrium condition ; velocity field ; secondary currents ; acoustic Doppler velocimeter ; rough bed ; secondary flow ; turbulent bursting ; turbulence kinetic energy ; friction coefficient ; open-channel flow ; entropy ; Reynolds number ; rigid vegetation ; bed roughness ; turbulent flow ; Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) ; energy spectra ; bridge scour ; empirical formulae ; riprap sloping structure ; flow contraction ; overtopping flow ; stochastic analysis ; forecasting ; extreme events ; solitary wave ; turbulent coherent structures ; length scales ; wavelet transform ; turbulent velocity ; transport mechanism ; tidal range ; suspended sediment flux ; Oued Sebou estuary ; bathymetry ; dredging ; SWAN ; wave spreading ; flow hydrodynamic structures ; lateral deflectors ; gentle-slope tunnel ; water-wing ; shock wave ; energy dissipation ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 90
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The reprint provides the most relevant and state-of-the-art in the field, including recent developments in the production of natural compounds from various bioresources, and their formulations as bioactives. This reprint also covered the engineered approaches for enhanced biological properties and their potential applications. Identification of novel compounds and bioprocess tools to improve the quantity and quality of bioactive compounds and their formulations are exclusively covered in this reprint.
    Keywords: anti-solvent ; enzymatic saccharification ; EMIM-Ac ; ethanol ; ionic liquid ; lignocellulosic biomass ; recycling ; agro-industry ; microencapsulation ; bioactive compounds ; in vitro digestion ; yogurt ; cannabis ; cannabinoids ; postharvest ; drying ; curing ; storage ; biosynthesis ; pre-treatments ; sorption isotherm ; Raphanus sativus L. ; recombinant IFN-α2a ; apoptosis ; antiviral and antitumor activity ; Japanese knotweed rhizome bark ; SARS-CoV-2 ; COVID-19 ; virus neutralization test ; nano-formulation ; nutraceuticals ; prebiotics ; nanofabricated delivery system ; liposomes ; nano-emulsions ; Abelmoschus manihot ; neurodegenerative disease ; oxidative stress ; proliferation ; inflammation ; nucleotide excision repair ; Actinosynnema pretiosum ; ansamitocin P-3 ; ssgA ; AdpA ; morphological differentiation ; pomegranate ; pomace ; extraction ; biological activity ; functional beverages ; sensory quality ; vitamins ; formulation ; homogeneous systems ; hydrophile–lipophile balance ; Emblica officinalis ; phytochemicals ; hyperlipidemia ; pharmacology ; nanoformulation ; Prunus mume ; vasorelaxant ; hypertension ; angiotensin receptor blockers ; agro-waste ; valorization ; value-added bioproducts ; micro/nano encapsulation ; agri-food-pharma applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 91
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: The world has never been richer than today. The distribution of our global wealth, however, is hugely biased. Since 1980, the gains were mainly captured by the rich: The top 1% obtained twice as much of the income growth as compared to the bottom 50%. Nevertheless, within economics, debates about inequality have remained rather marginal, despite long-term research by renowned scholars such as Tony Atkinson. Within the public arena, concerns about inequality emerged as a result of a number of developments: First, the global financial crisis in 2008 exposed the risks of the financing of the economy; secondly, 2013, Thomas Picketty’s book “Capital in the 21st century” demonstrated that, against the trend of the overall 20th century, capital returns outstrip the gains through economic growth in recent decades, thus threatening social coherence and democratic institutions and thirdly, the Millennium Campaign presented impressive achievements regarding poverty but stirred doubts whether the most deprived were left even further behind. Since 2015, then, the stated aim of SDG 10 is to “reduce inequality within and among countries”. There is growing consensus that economic growth is not sufficient to reduce poverty, and that our efforts to make it more inclusive so far were insufficient. The very first step reduce inequality is to adopt a systemic perspective, allowing an integrative analysis covering both ends of the ladder. Policies should be universal in principle and pay attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized populations. Predicated on comparison, inequality reminds us that it’s not enough to study lower earners and the poor. Instead, the term demands that we expand our perspective, scrutinizing how economic value is generated, accumulated, at whose cost, and – not least – how the overall system could be made fairer. “Transitioning to Reduced Inequalities” therefore explores inequality trends worldwide, offers a debate on different measures and comparative perspectives, highlights key actors who either benefited or suffered from recent economic trends, and explores policy options to reduce inequality and thus contribute to SDG 10. The volume considers particularly: conceptual frameworks with regards to the inequality debate; the relationship between poverty reduction, economic growth and inequality; measures of inequality; overlooked/bypassed groups in developing countries; analysis on income/wealth growth for different groups in the global north; discussion about policies to reduce inequality; and further research in the realm of inequality. Transitioning to Reduced Inequalities is part of MDPI's new Open Access book series Transitioning to Sustainability. With this series, MDPI pursues environmentally and socially relevant research which contributes to efforts toward a sustainable world.
    Keywords: poverty ; inequality reduction ; equality ; economic development ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 92
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-11-30
    Description: This reprint is a collection of the peer-reviewed papers published in the Special Issue “Surface engineering & coatings technologies for corrosion and tribocorrosion resistance" in the Materials journal. The Special Issue reprint aims to bring together the latest developments in this technologically, economically, and environmentally important area. It provides a forum for researchers to share their original work or insight reviews in this field.
    Keywords: advanced high-strength steel ; phosphate coating ; acid cleaning ; electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ; electro spark deposition (ESD) ; Mo coating ; H13 steel ; microhardness ; wear resistance ; corrosion resistance ; polymer derived ceramics ; coatings ; fillers ; stainless steel ; hydrothermal corrosion ; n/a ; tribocorrosion ; abrasive wear ; hot-forming process ; boron steel ; heat treatment ; hot-dip zinc galvanizing ; coating hardness ; plasma immersion ion implantation ; niobium ; bipolar plate ; metals ; electrophoretic deposition (EPD) ; cataphoretic (CPD) and anaphoretic deposition (APD) ; inhibited formulations (INFOR) ; organosilanes ; corrosion inhibitors ; metal corrosion ; anti-corrosion inhibitor ; polymeric inhibitor ; adsorption ; titanium alloys ; plasma nitriding ; TEM ; HRTEM ; galvanized steel ; adhesive bonding ; interfacial interaction ; molecular dynamics (MD) ; density functional theory (DFT) ; laser shock processing ; aeronautical components ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: This second Special Issue was compiled because of the interest demonstrated by the great success of the first Special Issue devoted to "Sensor Systems for Gesture Recognition".We believe this reprint acts as a meaningful window towards "Gesture Recognition" and the related sensors allowing the gathering of necessary data.
    Keywords: abnormal gait behavior ; OpenPose ; machine learning ; XGBoost ; random forest ; horse locomotion ; training effect ; inertial measurement units ; sports technology ; football ; motion analysis ; IMU ; trajectory reconstruction ; human-computer interactive ; data glove ; virtual hand ; emotion driven ; test ; visual tracking ; Siamese tracker ; tracking drift ; background clutter ; deep learning ; surgical skills assessment ; computer vision ; surgical education ; biomedical engineering ; multi-modal ; human activity recognition ; markerless ; RGB-D ; general movements ; infant movement analysis ; movement disorders ; surface electromyography ; forearm amputee ; hand posture ; visual feedback training ; pattern recognition ; artificial neural network ; hand gesture recognition ; electromyography ; inertial measurement unit ; reinforcement learning ; deep Q-network ; extreme learning machine ; force myography ; grasshopper optimization algorithm ; k-tournament selection ; frequency emphasis ; ensemble learning ; sign language recognition ; gloss prediction ; transformer ; pose-based approach ; pose estimation ; emotion judgment system ; adaptive interactive game ; set of optimal signal features ; sensor ; MARG ; MIMU ; orientation estimation ; sensor fusion algorithm ; dataset ; orientation algorithm benchmarking ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 94
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-09-11
    Description: The Special Issue constitutes the collection of the selected papers, which results were presented during the XVIII Conference on Automation, Operation and Maintenance of Control and Communication Systems ASMOR 2022. The conference took place in Władysławowo (Poland) on 12-14 October 2022. The scope of the conference was mainly focused on automation and exploitation aspects of the control and communications systems. In order to meet the highest quality standards for published papers, only the articles selected by the ASMOR Scientific Committee and the Electronics Editors were qualified for an extensive reviewing process.
    Keywords: NIR DLP spectroscopy ; reflectance time-non-stable spectra ; artificial neural network ; SLAM ; 3D mapping ; mobile robot ; underground inspection ; evolutionary neural networks ; hill climb ; control ; classification ; collision avoidance ; path planning ; obstacle detection ; autonomous underwater vehicle ; artificial intelligence ; autonomous navigation ; autonomous navigation system ; maneuver auto-negotiation ; multi-agent system ; obstacle avoidance ; real-time path planning ; unmanned surface vehicle ; LTE ; NB-IoT ; reception quality indicators ; data concentrator ; robotic deburring ; machining ; machining parameters ; pneumatic tools ; industrial robots ; optical scanner ; programming ; neural decision-making system ; communication ; robot ; laser tracker ; design of robotic system ; measurement in robotics ; signal analyzer ; tune master ; test signal viewer ; robot monitoring ; attitude ; aircraft ; UAV ; fixed-wing ; quaternions ; Euler angles ; avionics ; UWA channel ; impulse response ; underwater communication ; signal propagation ; channel stationarity ; chirp signal ; biomimetic underwater vehicle ; depth controller ; genetic algorithms ; particle swarm optimization ; Pareto optimization ; magnetic launcher ; levitation force ; dynamics modeling ; numerical simulation ; automation of control systems ; operation and maintenance of control systems ; automation of communication systems ; operation and maintenance of communication systems ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 95
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-02-20
    Description: Since the first works introducing the aluminum intercalated clay family in the early 1970s, interest in the synthesis of Pillared InterLayered Clays (PILC) has increased tremendously, especially research into their properties and energetic and environmental applications. After our comprehensive reviews and book on the synthesis and catalytic applications of these materials, new references have appeared in the literature and the interest in this field is continuously increasing. The aim of this Special Issue is to collect the recent advances developed considering this family of solids.
    Keywords: clays ; Al-PILC ; pillared clays ; scale up ; pillaring solution ; Keggin ion ; reutilization ; Keggin polycation ; concentrated media ; microwave radiation ; pillared montmorillonite ; AlNi-PILC ; Pd-Ce ; catalytic combustion ; benzene ; TPD/TPSR ; ZnO-TiO2/delaminated montmorillonite ; heterostructures ; Ag-coating ; solar photocatalytic activity ; water purification ; cadmium ; chitosan ; modification ; 13X molecular sieve ; removal ; dye remediation ; adsorption ; azo dye ; wastewater ; pillared porous phosphate heterostructures ; isotherm ; sericite ; thermal modification ; acid activation ; sodium modification ; montmorillonite/hydrotalcite composite ; montmorillonite/titania composite ; organoclay ; inverse micelle ; Mn-Al mixed oxide ; combustion catalysts ; ciprofloxacin ; smectite ; pillared clay ; keggin-like mixed Al/Fe polyoxocation ; mineralogical composition ; catalytic wet peroxide oxidation ; mesosilica ; methyl orange ; palygorskite ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: The replacement of the bridging H atom in H-bonds by a multitude of other, more electronegative, atoms has led to the rapidly growing study of related noncovalent bonds generally known as halogen, chalcogen, and pnicogen bonds. It has recently been recognized that elements of the tetrel family (C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb) also engage in such bonds, wherein the tetrel atom serves as an electron acceptor to an incoming Lewis base, and that these bonds can be quite strong. This type of bond has the potential to be of importance comparable even to that of the well-researched H-bond, as it may be far more prevalent than has been realized, perhaps a common feature of chemical and biological systems too numerous to mention. The articles included in this volume delve into the many facets of tetrel bonds: the factors determining their strength, their geometrical requirements, various phenomena in which they play an outsized role, and the means by which they can be detected and measured.
    Keywords: noncovalent bond ; carbon bond ; &nbsp ; sigma-hole ; pi-hole ; methyl groups ; spectroscopy ; pnicogen bond ; chalcogen bond ; halogen bond ; anion binding ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
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  • 97
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This book reprints articles from the Special Issue "Advances in Computer-Aided Technology" published online in the open-access journal Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This book consists of thirteen published articles. This Special Issue belongs to the "Mechatronic and Intelligent Machines" section. Industry 4.0 is characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, such as artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and cloud computing, into traditional manufacturing and production processes. CAx (Computer-Aided Systems) systems are a set of computer software tools used in engineering and product design, covering various stages of the product development cycle. Advanced CAx tools combine many different aspects of product lifecycle management (PLM), including design, finite element analysis (FEA), manufacturing, production planning and product. In connection with the transition to Industry 4.0 concepts, the concept of the digital twin comes to the fore, and existing CAx systems must adapt to this trend. The Special Issue deals with a number of research areas, such as: - New trends in CAx systems; Digital manufacturing; Internet of Things in manufacturing; Simulation of production systems and processes; Systems for advanced finite element analysis; Material engineering; Digitization and 3D scanning.
    Keywords: tensor glyph ; golden section ; vector space ; sandwich ; springback ; Vegter yield criterion ; numerical simulation ; PAM-STAMP 2G ; isotropic hardening law ; kinematic hardening law ; bending ; Bauschinger effect ; machine learning ; artificial neural network ; additive manufacturing ; high precision metrology ; CAD ; predictive model ; ship hull structure ; computer-aided design of structure ; database ; function soft block ; gun drill tool ; deep-drilling technology ; optimization ; tool life ; angle ; digital implant impression ; interimplant distance ; intraoral scanner ; trueness ; sewing machine ; needle bar ; floating needle ; electromagnet ; electromagnetic simulation ; noise reduction ; cycloidal gearbox ; friction ; actuator ; servomotor ; permanent magnet synchronous machine ; fixture design ; machining ; sustainable manufacturing ; process innovation ; complex-shape part ; signal processing ; monitoring system ; laser profiler ; surface roughness ; quality assessment ; non-contact method ; vision-based method ; frequency analysis ; abrasive water jet ; wood plastic composite ; natural reinforcement ; knitting machine ; stroke ; drive ; simulation ; cylinder ; dynamic modeling ; load spectrum reconstruction ; fatigue test ; hydraulic excavator ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: Advanced X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis play an essential role in the development of new energy intelligent vehicles, which is the inevitable choice for intelligent vehicles in the future. This technology is involved in mechanical engineering, electronic and electrical engineering, computer technology, control engineering, signal processing, and artificial intelligence. Advanced electrified chassis control technology transmits control signals through cables and acts directly on the actuator to implement corresponding actions. The application of X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis has changed the complex mechanical connections among actuators and hydraulic and pneumatic equipment in the past, greatly promoting energy efficiency, integration, and intelligence. This reprint focuses on advanced X-by-wire technologies in strong reliability design, modeling, integration control, thermal management, energy management, fault diagnosis, and fault-tolerant control with the vehicular electrified chassis. Therefore, the aim of this reprint was to solicit recent advanced X-by-wire technologies for vehicular electrified chassis.
    Keywords: energy consumption optimization ; torque distribution ; energy efficiency ; motor efficiency ; four in-wheel motor drive electric vehicle ; nonlinear model predictive control ; four-wheel drive ; acceleration slip regulation ; intervention and exit mechanisms ; autonomous driving ; planning algorithm ; variable Gaussian safety field ; reinforcement learning ; policy gradient ; x-by-wire vehicle ; trajectory tracking control ; model predictive control ; hierarchical control ; distributed drive electric vehicles ; additional roll moment ; decoupling control ; load transfer rate ; electronically controlled air suspension ; solenoid valve ; extended Kalman filter bank ; fault diagnosis ; fault-tolerant control ; distributed driving electric vehicles ; polynomial path planning ; torque allocation ; obstacle avoidance path tracking ; fuzzy neural network ; particle swarm algorithm ; PID control ; active suspension ; MATLAB/Simulink simulation ; suspension ; mechatronic inerter ; bridge network ; high-order impedance ; real vehicle test ; autonomous vehicle ; path tracking control ; non-singular fast terminal sliding mode control ; model reference control ; vehicle ; fractional-order electrical network ; structure-immittance approach ; optimal design ; multi-agent coordinated control system ; active collision avoidance ; blackboard model ; real-time ; electric vehicles ; regenerative braking ; energy recovery ; genetic algorithm ; braking stability ; seat suspension ; inerter ; mechatronic system ; permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) ; position sensorless compound control ; high frequency (HF) signal injection method ; I/F control ; model-based techniques ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-03-07
    Description: This overview of the most recent advances in the field of SMA research and applications in civil engineering aims to help remove the knowledge barriers across disciplines and sheds considerable light on the opportunity to commercialize SMA products in the construction industry.
    Keywords: seismic analysis ; rocking pier ; shape memory alloy ; ECC material ; bridge engineering ; television transmission tower ; seismic excitation ; shape memory alloy damper ; parametric study ; vibration control ; shape memory alloys ; engineered cementitious composites ; composites materials ; self-recovery capacity ; bending behavior ; machine learning ; artificial neural networks ; superelastic ; parameter identification ; constitutive model ; thermodynamic parameters ; shape memory alloy (SMA) ; self-centering SMA brace ; loading rate ; initial strain ; energy dissipation coefficient ; self-centering ; beam-column joints ; seismic performance ; iron-based shape memory alloy (Fe-SMA) ; shape memory effect ; martensitic transformation ; prestressing ; low cycle fatigue ; seismic ; damping ; transmission tower ; wind excitation ; SMA damper ; energy response ; viscoelastic ; brace ; hybrid control ; seismic resilience ; self-centering rocking (SCR) piers ; seismic fragility ; resilience ; life-cycle loss ; ferrous shape memory alloys ; prestress ; recovery stress ; relaxation ; thermomechanical behavior ; fatigue ; active materials ; low-cost SMAs ; civil engineering applications ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-01-05
    Description: This Special Issue includes nine original contributions focused on river hydraulics. Four of these resulted from cooperation between universities from different countries: (a) Russia and Poland , (b) Taiwan and the USA , (c) Iran and Italy, and (d) India and Italy . The other contributions resulted from research carried out in universities from South Korea [5], Greece [6], China , and Japan .
    Keywords: bed roughness ; open-channel flow ; OpenFOAM ; Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes model ; turbulence model ; two-dimensional dune ; 60° bend ; bed shear stress ; turbulent kinetic energy ; Reynolds shear stress ; log-law ; continuous bend ; transition section ; correlation of flow movement ; width/depth ratio ; circulation structure ; circulation intensity ; numerical simulation ; local scour ; spur dike ; angle of repose ; river sediment transport modeling ; alluvial channels ; hydraulic riverbed resistance ; mathematical modeling ; van Rijn sediment transport formula ; local scouring ; bridge pile group ; material harvesting pit ; hydrodynamic bridge pier ; flow pattern ; FLOW-3D ; bed load transport ; random forests ; Gaussian processes regression ; Meyer–Peter and Müller formula ; sediment transport ; incision ; meandering ; bedrock ; curved channel ; bed configurations ; annular flume ; cover lid rotation speed ; developing flow ; fully-developed flow ; Reynolds stress anisotropy tensor ; seepage flow ; turbulence intensity ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
    Language: English
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