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  • Other Sources  (5,824)
  • SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE  (5,824)
  • 1
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    Design considerations and strategies for lunar-based observations (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: This paper addresses the design considerations and strategies for astrophysical observations as key elements of an international solar system exploration program. Emphasis is placed on the technical and programmatic challenges and opportunities associated with an evolving program of lunar-based astronomy. Both robotic and human tended facilities are discussed ranging from relatively small meter-class transit telescopes to large interferometer and filled-aperture systems.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Space Technology - Industrial and Commercial Applications (ISSN 0892-9270); 14; 6; p. 355-365
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Structural damage detection of space truss structures using best achievable eigenvectors (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A method is presented by which measured modes and frequencies from a modal test can be used to determine the location and magnitude of damage in a space struss structure. The damage is located by computing the Euclidean distances between the measured mode shapes and the best achievable eigenvectors. The best achievable eigenvectors are the projection of the measured mode shapes onto the subspace defined by the refined analytical model of the structure and the measured frequencies. Loss of both stiffness and mass properties can be located and quantified. To examine the performance of the method when experimentally measured modes are employed, various damage detection studies using a laboratory eight-bay truss structure were conducted. The method performs well even though the measurement errors inevitably make the damage location more difficult.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: AIAA Journal (ISSN 0001-1452); 32; 5; p. 1049-1057
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  • 3
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    Russian questions remain after space station review (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Following the project's first major design review, some unresolved technical issues, mainly centered on details of how to integrate Russian hardware into the U.S./international space station, remain. No 'show stoppers' were found in the review. Specific open technical issues are discussed in this article.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Aviation Week & Space Technology (ISSN 0005-2175); 140; 13; p. 26-27
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  • 4
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    Trajectory-based heating analysis for the European Space Agency/Rosetta Earth Return Vehicle (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A coupled, trajectory-based flowfield and material thermal-response analysis is presented for the European Space Agency proposed Rosetta comet nucleus sample return vehicle. The probe returns to earth along a hyperbolic trajectory with an entry velocity of 16.5 km/s and requires an ablative heat shield on the forebody. Combined radiative and convective ablating flowfield analyses were performed for the significant heating portion of the shallow ballistic entry trajectory. Both quasisteady ablation and fully transient analyses were performed for a heat shield composed of carbon-phenolic ablative material. Quasisteady analysis was performed using the two-dimensional axisymmetric codes RASLE and BLIMPK. Transient computational results were obtained from the one-dimensional ablation/conduction code CMA. Results are presented for heating, temperature, and ablation rate distributions over the probe forebody for various trajectory points. Comparison of transient and quasisteady results indicates that, for the heating pulse encountered by this probe, the quasisteady approach is conservative from the standpoint of predicted surface recession.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 31; 3; p. 421-428
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  • 5
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    The X-ray astronomy satellite ASCA (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA) is a high-throughput X-ray astronomy observatory which is capable of simultaneous imaging and spectroscopic observations over a wide energy range 0.5-10 keV. The scientific capabilities of ASCA and some aspects related to its operation and observations are briefly described.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan (ISSN 0004-6264); 46; 3; p. L37-L41
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  • 6
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    Estimation of the electromagnetic bias from retracked TOPEX data (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We examine the electromagnetic (EM) bias by using retracked TOPEX altimeter data. In contrast to previous studies, we use a parameterization of the EM bias which does not make stringent assumptions about the form of the correction or its global behavior. We find that the most effective single parameter correction uses the altimeter-estimated wind speed but that other parameterizations, using a wave age related parameter of significant wave height, may also significantly reduce the repeat pass variance. The different corrections are compared, and their improvement of the TOPEX height variance is quantified.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; C12; p. 24,971-24,979
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  • 7
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    Comparison of TOPEX/POSEIDON sigma(sub 0) and significant wave height distributions to Geosat (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Monthly Ku band sigma(sub 0) and significant wave height (SWH) histograms from the NASA altimeter on the TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite are preseneted for January through June 1993 for three latitude bands between +/- 60 degrees. The data are compared to distributions from the Geosat mission for the same months in 1987-1989. Generally, the distributions agree quite well, although there are some seasonal/hemispherical differences. The sigma(sub 0) comparison reveals an overall bias between the two altimeters with the TOPEX sigma(sub 0) higher by about 0.7 dB, which is consistent with algorithm improvements for TOPEX. The SWH distributions show strong hemispherical/seasonal changes. The seasonal/hemispherical differences between TOPEX and Geosat are consistent for SWH and sigma(sub 0). The joint distribution of sigma(sub 0) and SWH is extremely stable friom month to month. The typical SWH is independent of sigma(sub 0) for sigma(sub 0) greater than 11.3 dB. The minimum SWH grows exponentially with wind speed. This joint distribution may be useful for understanding electromagnetic bias in altimeter measurements. Finally, altimeter data are compared to buoy values from 21 overflights of the NASA verification site near Pt. Conception, California. Wave heights agree well with an root mean square (RMS) difference of only 0.2 m. Altimeter sigma(sub 0) values are compared to buoy wind speeds. The results are consistent with the -0.7 dB sigma(sub 0) offset from the histogram comparisons.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; C12; p. 25,015-25,024
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  • 8
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    Assessment of the TOPEX altimeter performance using waveform retracking (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: To assess the accuracy of the TOPEX altimeter data, we have reprocessed the raw altimeter waveform data using more sophisticated algorithms than those implemented in the altimeter hardware. We discuss systematic contamination of the waveform which we have observed and its effect on very long wavelength errors. We conclude that these systematic errors are responsible for a very long wavelength error whose peak-to-peak magnitude for the Ku band altimeter is of the order of 1 cm. We also examine the ability of retracked data to reduce the repeat pass variance and correct for significant wave height (SWH) and acceleration dependent errors. We find that the ground postprocessing contains SWH dependent biases which depend on the altimeter fine height correction.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; C12; p. 24,957-24,969
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  • 9
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    The corrections for significant wave height and attitude effects in the TOPEX radar altimeter (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The routine ground processing of data from the NASA radar altimeter of TOPEX/POSEIDON includes instrument corrections for the effects of significant wave height and attitude angle changes on the altimeter's estimates of range, backscattered power, and significant wave height. This paper describes how these instrument corrections were generated and how they are applied. Detailed waveform fitting to telemetered waveform samples is use to assess the effectiveness of the corrections. There are several altimeter hardware-caused small waveform departures from the model waveforms and these departures, designated waveform 'features', are described in detailed. A consequence of the waveform features, and their positioning relationship to range rate, is that range data for ground tracks moving toward the equator may differ systematically by about a centimeter compared to range data for ground tracks moving away from the equator. The results and discussion are limited to side A of the redundant altimeter, as only side A has been operated on orbit.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; C12; p. 24,941-24,955
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  • 10
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    TOPEX/POSEIDON microwave radiometer performance and in-flight calibration (1994)
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results of the in-flight calibration and performance evaluation campaign for the TOPEX/POSEIDON microwave radiometer (TMR) are presented. Intercomparisons are made between TMR and various sources of ground truth, including ground-based microwave water vapor radiometers, radiosondes, global climatological models, special sensor microwave imager data over the Amazon rain forest, and models of clear, calm, subpolar ocean regions. After correction for preflight errors in the processing of thermal/vacuum data, relative channel offsets in the open ocean TMR brightness temperatures were noted at the approximately = 1 K level for the three TMR frequencies. Larger absolute offsets of 6-9 K over the rain forest indicated a approximately = 5% gain error in the three channel calibrations. This was corrected by adjusting the antenna pattern correction (APC) algorithm. AS 10% scale error in the TMR path delay estimates, relative to coincident radiosondes, was corrected in part by the APC adjustment and in part by a 5% modification to the value assumed for the 22.235 FGHz water vapor line strength in the path delay retrieval algorithm. After all in-flight corrections to the calibration, TMR global retrieval accuracy for the wet tropospheric range correction is estimated at 1.1 cm root mean square (RMS) with consistent peformance under clear, cloudy, and windy conditions.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 99; C12; p. 24,915-24,926
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