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  • Organic Chemistry  (68,964)
  • Animals  (27,852)
  • SPACE SCIENCES  (12,837)
  • AERODYNAMICS  (12,790)
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  • 1
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    Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Calgary (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: How have our interactions with animals shaped Calgary? What can we do to ensure that humans and animals in the city continue to co-exist, and even flourish together? This wide-ranging book explores the ways that animals inhabit our city, our lives and our imaginations. Essays from animal historians, wildlife specialists, artists and writers address key issues such as human-wildlife interactions, livestock in the city, and animal performers at the Calgary Stampede. Contributions from some of Calgary's iconic arts institutions, including One Yellow Rabbit Performance Theatre, Decidedly Jazz Danceworks, and the Glenbow Museum, demonstrate how animals continue to be a source of inspiration and exploration for fashion, art, dance, and theatre. The full-colour volume is beautifully illustrated throughout with archival images, wildlife photography, documentary and production stills, and original artwork. Calgary: City of Animals is published in co-operation with the Calgary Institute for the Humanities.
    Keywords: Nature ; Animals ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Multispezies-Ethnographie (2021)
    transcript Verlag | transcript Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Wie werden Natur und Tiere durch die Multispezies-Ethnographie inklusiv in Forschungsprojekte integriert? Katharina Ameli fokussiert die inter- und multidisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit. Aus einer Untersuchung der Schnittstellen zwischen gesellschafts- und naturwissenschaftlich orientierten Fachdisziplinen ergibt sich eine komplexe Betrachtung von Natur, Mensch und Tier. Die Einblicke in Interdependenzen unterschiedlicher Fachdisziplinen verdeutlichen den Bedarf an einer Multispezies-Ethnographie zur Analyse von MenschenTiereNaturenKulturen.
    Keywords: Natur ; Mensch ; Tiere ; Naturverständnis ; Interdisziplinarität ; Qualitative Forschung ; Kultur ; Ethnographie ; Umwelt ; Tier ; Human-animal Studies ; Umweltsoziologie ; Kulturanthropologie ; Kultursoziologie ; Kulturwissenschaft ; Nature ; Human ; Animals ; Understanding of Nature ; Interdisciplinarity ; Qualitative Research ; Culture ; Ethnography ; Environment ; Animal ; Environmental Sociology ; Cultural Anthropology ; Sociology of Culture ; Cultural Studies ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBF Social and ethical issues::JBFU Animals and society ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RN The environment::RNT Social impact of environmental issues ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JH Sociology and anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social and cultural anthropology
    Language: German
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  • 4
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    Animal Metropolis (2022)
    University of Calgary Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-07-19
    Description: Animal Metropolis brings a Canadian perspective to the growing field of animal history, ranging across species and cities, from the beavers who engineered Stanley Park to the carthorses who shaped the city of Montreal. Some essays consider animals as spectacle: orca captivity in Vancouver, polar bear tourism in Churchill, Manitoba, fish on display in the Dominion Fisheries Museum, and the racialized memory of Jumbo the elephant in St. Thomas, Ontario. Others examine the bodily intimacies of shared urban spaces: the regulation of rabid dogs in Banff, the maternal politics of pure milk in Hamilton and the circulation of tetanus bacilli from horse to human in Toronto. Another considers the marginalization of women in Canada’s animal welfare movement. The authors collectively push forward from a historiography that features nonhuman animals as objects within human-centered inquiries to a historiography that considers the eclectic contacts, exchanges, and cohabitation of human and nonhuman animals. With contributions by: Kristoffer Archibald, Jason Colby, George Colpitts, Joanna Dean, Carla Hustak, Darcy Ingram, Sean Kheraj, William Knight, Sherry Olson, Rachel Poliquin, and Christabelle Sethna
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthropology ; Environmental Science ; History ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KC Economics::KCN Environmental economics ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFF Social issues & processes::JFFZ Animals & society
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World (2021)
    University Press of Colorado | University Press of Colorado
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World explores the current trends in the social archaeology of human-animal relationships, focusing on the ways in which animals are used to structure, create, support, and even deconstruct social inequalities. The authors provide a global range of case studies from both New and Old World archaeology—royal Aztec dog burial, the monumental horse tombs of Central Asia, and the ceremonial macaw cages of ancient Mexico among them. They explore the complex relationships between people and animals in social, economic, political, and ritual contexts, incorporating animal remains from archaeological sites with artifacts, texts, and iconography to develop their interpretations. Animals and Inequality in the Ancient World presents new data and interpretations that reveal the role of animals, their products, and their symbolism in structuring social inequalities in the ancient world. The volume will be of interest to archaeologists, especially zooarchaeologists, and classical scholars of pre-modern civilizations and societies.  Contributors: Alejandra Aguirre Molina, Benjamin S. Arbuckle, Levent Atici, Douglas V. Campana, Roderick Campbell, Ximena Chá­vez Balderas, Pam J. Crabtree, Susan D. deFrance, Kitty F. Emery, Abigail Holeman, H. Edwin Jackson, Leonardo López Lujá­n, Michael MacKinnon, Arkadiusz Marciniak, Sue Ann McCarty, Neil L. Norman, Gilberto Perez, Bernardo Rodriguez, William A. Saturno, Ashley E. Sharpe, Nawa Sugiyama, Charlotte K. Sunseri, Naomi Sykes, Fabiola Torres, Raul Valadez, Norma Valentin Maldonado, Adam S. Watson, Joshua Wright, Belem Zuniga-Arelleno
    Keywords: History ; Ancient ; Social Science ; Archaeology ; Nature ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHC Ancient history ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WN Nature and the natural world: general interest::WNC Wildlife: general interest
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Human and Animal Models for Translational Research on Neurodegeneration: Challenges and Opportunities From South America (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Neurodegenerative diseases are the most frequent cause of dementia, representing a burden for public health systems (especially in middle and middle-high income countries). Although most research on this issue is concentrated in first-world centers, growing efforts in South America are affording important breakthroughs. This emerging agenda poses new challenges for the region but also new opportunities for the field. This book aims to integrate the community of experts across the globe and the region, and to establish new challenges and developments for future investigation. We present research focused on neurodegenerative research in South America. We introduce studies assessing the interplay among genetic, neural, and behavioral dimensions of these diseases, as well as articles on vulnerability factors, comparisons of findings from various countries, and works promoting multicenter and collaborative networking. More generally, our book covers a broad scope of human-research approaches (behavioral assessment, neuroimaging, electromagnetic techniques, brain connectivity, peripheral measures), animal methodologies (genetics, epigenetics, proteomics, metabolomics, other molecular biology tools), species (all human and non-human animals, sporadic, and genetic versions), and article types (original research, review, and opinion papers). Through this wide-ranging proposal, we hope to introduce a fresh approach to the challenges and opportunities of research on neurodegeneration in South America.
    Keywords: RC321-571 ; Q1-390 ; South America ; Multicenter research ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Neurosciences ; Public Health ; Animals ; Clinical Protocols ; Research ; Human Experimentation ; Dementia ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAN Neurosciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Neuropharmacological, Neurobiological and Behavioral Mechanisms of Learning and Memory (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: drugs ; Behavior ; Memory tasks ; pre-clinical ; clinical ; Humans ; Animals ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    Sentient Ecologies (2022)
    Berghahn Books | Berghahn Books
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: Employing methodological perspectives from the fields of political geography, environmental studies, anthropology, and their cognate disciplines, this volume explores alternative logics of sentient landscapes as racist, xenophobic, and right-wing. While the field of sentient landscapes has gained critical attention, the literature rarely seems to question the intentionality of sentient landscapes, which are often romanticized as pure, good, and just, and perceived as protectors of those who are powerless, indigenous, and colonized. The book takes a new stance on sentient landscapes with the intention of dispelling the denial of “coevalness” represented by their scholarly romanticization.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Sociology ; Rural ; Nature ; Animals ; Social Science ; Anthropology ; Cultural & Social ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WN Natural history::WNC Wildlife: general interest ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology::JHMC Social & cultural anthropology, ethnography
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may be widespread in sulphidic groundwater ecosystems: evidence from southeastern Romania. (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Niphargus is a speciose amphipod genus found in groundwater habitats across Europe. Three Niphargus species living in the sulphidic Frasassi caves in Italy harbour sulphur-oxidizing Thiothrix bacterial ectosymbionts. These three species are distantly related, implying that the ability to form ectosymbioses with Thiothrix may be common among Niphargus. Therefore, Niphargus-Thiothrix associations may also be found in sulphidic aquifers other than Frasassi. In this study, we examined this possibility by analysing niphargids of the genera Niphargus and Pontoniphargus collected from the partly sulphidic aquifers of the Southern Dobrogea region of Romania, which are accessible through springs, wells and Movile Cave. Molecular and morphological analyses revealed seven niphargid species in this region. Five of these species occurred occasionally or exclusively in sulphidic locations, whereas the remaining two were restricted to nonsulphidic areas. Thiothrix were detected by PCR on all seven Dobrogean niphargid species and observed using microscopy to be predominantly attached to their hosts' appendages. 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Thiothrix epibionts fell into two main clades, one of which (herein named T4) occurred solely on niphargids collected in sulphidic locations. The other Thiothrix clade was present on niphargids from both sulphidic and nonsulphidic areas and indistinguishable from the T3 ectosymbiont clade previously identified on Frasassi-dwelling Niphargus. Although niphargids from Frasassi and Southern Dobrogea are not closely related, the patterns of their association with Thiothrix are remarkably alike. The finding of similar Niphargus-Thiothrix associations in aquifers located 1200 km apart suggests that they may be widespread in European groundwater ecosystems.
    Keywords: amphipods; ecology; sulphide; symbiosis; systematics; taxonomy ; 551 ; Amphipoda ; Animals ; DNA, Bacterial ; Ecosystem ; Groundwater ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Romania ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sulfur ; Symbiosis ; Thiothrix
    Language: English , English
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Implications for evolution of nuclear structures of animals, plants, fungi and protoctists
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biosystems 22 (1989), S. 103-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0303-2647
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell nucleus ; Evolution ; Plants ; Protoctista ; Taxonomy
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-2647(89)90039-7
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from multiple protein data sets (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 41 (1995), S. 238-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Cellular slime molds ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plantae ; Maximum-likelihood method ; Evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phylogenetic position of Dictyostelium inferred from 18S rRNA data contradicts that from protein data. Protein trees always show the close affinity of Dictyostelium with animals, fungi, and plants, whereas in 18S rRNA trees the branching of Dictyostelium is placed at a position before the massive radiation of protist groups including the divergence of the three kingdoms. To settle this controversial issue and to determine the correct position of Dictyostelium, we inferred the phylogenetic relationship among Dictyostelium and the three kingdoms Animalia, Fungi, and Plantae by a maximum-likelihood method using 19 different protein data sets. It was shown at the significance level of 1 SE that the branching of Dictyostelium antedates the divergence of Animalia and Fungi, and Plantae is an outgroup of the Animalia-Fungi-Dictyostelium clade.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170678
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of eukaryotic kingdoms (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Small-subunit ribosomal RNA ; Phylogeny ; Animals ; Fungi ; Plants ; Alveolates ; Heterokonts ; Stramenopiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The evolutionary relationships of four eukaryotic kingdoms—Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista—remain unclear. In particular, statistical support for the closeness of animals to fungi rather than to plants is lacking, and a preferred branching order of these and other eukaryotic lineages is still controversial even though molecular sequences from diverse eukaryotic taxa have been analyzed. We report a statistical analysis of 214 sequences of nuclear small-subunit ribosomal RNA (srRNA) gene undertaken to clarify these evolutionary relationships. We have considered the variability of substitution rates and the nonindependence of nucleotide substitution across sites in the srRNA gene in testing alternative hypotheses regarding the branching patterns of eukaryote phylogeny. We find that the rates of evolution among sites in the srRNA sequences vary substantially and are approximately gamma distributed with size and shape parameter equal to 0.76. Our results suggest that (1) the animals and true fungi are indeed closer to each other than to any other “crown” group in the eukaryote tree, (2) red algae are the closest relatives of animals, true fungi, and green plants, and (3) the heterokonts and alveolates probably evolved prior to the divergence of red algae and animal-fungus-green-plant lineages. Furthermore, our analyses indicate that the branching order of the eukaryotic lineages that diverged prior to the evolution of alveolates may be generally difficult to resolve with the srRNA sequence data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02198844
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air emissions (1984)
    Springer
    Environmental management 8 (1984), S. 309-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1009
    Keywords: Animals ; Indicators ; Air pollution ; Ecosystem responses
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract With existing and proposed air-quality regulations, ecological disasters resulting from air emissions such as those observed at Copperhill, Tennessee, and Sudbury, Ontario, are unlikely. Current air-quality standards, however, may not protect ecosystems from subacute and chronic exposure to air emissions. The encouragement of the use of coal for energy production and the development of the fossil-fuel industries, including oil shales, tar sands, and coal liquification, point to an increase and spread of fossil-fuel emissions and the potential to influence a number of natural ecosystems. This paper reviews the reported responses of ecosystems to air-borne pollutants and discusses the use of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to these pollutants. Animal species and populations can act as important indicators of biotic and abiotic responses of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. These responses can indicate long-term trends in ecosystem health and productivity, chemical cycling, genetics, and regulation. For short-term trends, fish and wildlife also serve as monitors of changes in community structure, signaling food-web contamination, as well as providing a measure of ecosystem vitality. Information is presented to show not only the importance of animals as indicators of ecosystem responses to air-quality degradation, but also their value as air-pollution indices, that is, as air-quality-related values (AQRV), required in current air-pollution regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868030
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Segmentation and tracking of piglets in images (1995)
    Springer
    Machine vision and applications 8 (1995), S. 187-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1769
    Keywords: Tracking ; Segmentation ; Pigs ; Animals ; Computer vision
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An algorithm was developed for the segmentation and tracking of piglets and tested on a 200-image sequence of 10 piglets moving on a straw background. The image-capture rate was 1 image/140 ms. The segmentation method was a combination of image differencing with respect to a median background and a Laplacian operator. The features tracked were blob edges in the segmented image. During tracking, the piglets were modelled as ellipses initialised on the blobs. Each piglet was tracked by searching for blob edges in an elliptical window about the piglet's position, which was predicted from its previous two positions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01215814
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ultrastructure, catecholamine, and prolactin contents of the rostral pars distalis of the fish Mugil platanus after reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine administration (1975)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 162 (1975), S. 551-563 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypophysis ; Rostral pars distalis ; Mugil platanus ; Animals ; Prolactin hormone secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The rostral pars distalis (RPD) of the teleost Mugil platanus from animals pretreated with reserpine or 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HODA) were assayed for dopamine (DA) or noradrenaline (NA) or for prolactin hormone. Such determinations were coupled with electron microscopy. It was found that reserpine and 6-HODA produced a significant decrease in the content of DA, NA, and prolactin. Electron microscope studies revealed that prolactin cells became activated as judged by ultrastructural criteria. After 6-HODA treatment type “B” neurosecretory fibers entering the RPD became selectively destroyed. These observations lead us to suggest that prolactin secretion is under inhibitory control by type “B” neurosecretory fibers of adrenergic nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00209354
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Animal Consciousness and Ethics in Asia and the Pacific (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of agricultural and environmental ethics 10 (1997), S. 249-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-322X
    Keywords: Animals ; Asia ; consciousness ; Australia ; Hong Kong ; India ; Israel ; Japan ; New Zealand ; The Philippines ; Russia ; Singapore ; Thailand
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Philosophy
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between humans, animals and the environment have shaped human values and ethics, not only the genes that we are made of. The animal rights movement challenges human beings to reconsider interactions between humans and other animals, and maybe connected to the environmental movement that begs us to recognize the fact that there are symbiotic relationships between humans and all other organisms. The first part of this paper looks at types of bioethics, the implications of autonomy and the value of being alive. Then the level of consciousness of these relationships are explored in survey results from Asia and the Pacific, especially in the 1993 International Bioethics Survey conducted in Australia, Hong Kong, India, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, The Philippines, Russia, Singapore and Thailand. Very few mentioned animal consciousness in the survey, but there were more biocentric comments in Australia and Japan; and more comments with the idea of harmony including humans in Thailand. Comparisons between questions and surveys will also be made, in an attempt to describe what people imagine animal consciousness to be, and whether this relates to human ethics of the relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007774409131
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Synthesis of [4-Carboranylalanine, 5-Leucine]-Enkephalin (Including an Improved Preparation of t-Butoxycarbonyl-L-o-carboranylalnine, New Derivatives of L-Propargylglycine, and a Note on Melanotropic and Opiate Receptor Binding Characteristics)This work was supported by research grants of the Swiss National Science Foundation and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. Abbreviations are according to the IUPAC-IUB Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature [1] and Houben-Weyl [2]: Car represents L-propargylglycine is and Pra L-propargylglycine. A former statement in the summary of [3] that L-propargylglycine is a new amino acid is incorrect; only its derivatives with protecting groups suitable for peptide synthesis were new. The free amino acid had been described earlier as the racemate [4] and as the individual enantiomers [5]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1385-1395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound, an analogue of [Leu5]-enkephalin with L-o-carboranylalanine replacing L-phenylalanine in position 4, was prepared by fragment condensation. The analogue has a 3-fold higher affinity for rat brain opiate receptors in the [3H]naloxone competition assay than natural [Leu5]-enkephalin. Like [Leu5]-enkephalin and Na-acetyl-[Leu5]-enkephalin, the N-terminal tripeptide fragment, H · Tyr-Gly-Gly · OH, had no melanotropic activity in the Rana pipiens frog skin assay.A convenient, direct synthesis of methyl t-butoxycarbonyl-L-propargylglycinate is described, and the 13C-NMR. spectra of L-o-carboranylalanine recorded. The procedure was extended to the preparation of BOC · Car-Leu · OMe from BOC · Pra-Leu · OMe. A number of new propargylglycine derivatives are reported.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620502
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phenylselenoacetaldehyde, a Useful Reagent for the Homologative Conversion of Halides to Phenylselenomethyl KetonesDedicated to Professor Edgardo Giovannini on his 70th anniversary (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1406-1410 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The conversion of primary, secondary and vinylic halides to the two C-atoms homologated phenylselenomethyl ketones 8 is described. The method involves addition of the readily available phenylselenoacetaldehyde 5 to the Grignard reagents 9 and oxidation of the resulting β-hydroxy-selenides 10 (Scheme 3).
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620505
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anil-Synthese. 20. Mitteilung19. Mitt. siehe [1].. Über die Herstellung von Stilbenyl-Derivaten des 1,2,4,-OxadiazolsHerrn Professor Dr. Dr. h.c. Edgardo Giovannini zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1411-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Preparation of Stilbenyl Derivatives of 1,2,4-OxadiazolesSchiffs bases derived from 3- and 5-(p-formylphenyl)-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles and chloroanilines are reacted with various p-tolyl substituted aromatic heterocycles in the presence of dimethylformamide and potassium hydroxide to yield the corresponding heterocyclic substituted stilbenes (‘Anil synthesis’). The reactivity of 5-[4-(chlorophenylimino-methyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles is very low and side reactions will predominate.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620506
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    (Perhalogenmethylthio)heterocyclen. XIX. Mitt.: s. [1].. Säurekatalysierte Substitutionen an (Perchlorfluormethylthio)pyrrolen und deren agrobiologische Wirkung (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1442-1450 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (Perhalomethylthio)heterocycles. XIX. Mitt.: s. [1]. . Acid-catalyzed substitutions on (perchlorofluoromethylthio)pyrroles and their agro-biological activitiesIn the presence of C4F9SO3H the (perhalomethylthio)pyrroles 1a-c react with Cl3-nFnCSCl (n = 1-3) to give mixtures of the 2,5- and 2,4-disubstituted pyrroles 2a-f and 3a-h. 2a and 3a react with CF3SCl (catalyst CF3SO3H) yielding 2,3,5-tris (trifloromethylthio)pyrrole (4a), which under similar conditions reacts further to give 2,3,4,5-tetrakis (trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole (5). As a by-product during the conversion of 3a to 4a 2,3,4-tris (trifluoromethylthio)pyrrole (4b) is formed. The pyrroles 2a, 4a and 5 form the mercury salts 6a-c; compound 5 yields also a silver salt 7. The 1H- and 19F-NMR. spectra are discussed and the agro-biological properties of the compounds investigated.
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    Nouvelle méthode de préparation d'éthers vinyliques à partir d'acétals (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1451-1457 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new way to vinylic ethers from acetalsAcetals react at low temperatures in presence of a Lewis acid (aluminium chloride or magnesium bromide) with tertiary amine to give in good yields the vinylic ethers corresponding to the elimination of one molecule of alcohol.
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    Additionsreaktionen von 3-Dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirin an Phenylisocyanat und DiphenylketenHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Edgardo Giovannini zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1429-1441 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Addition Reaction of 3-Dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine with Phenylisocyanate and Diphenylketene3-Dimethylamino-2,2-dimethyl-2H-azirine (1a) reacts with carbon disulfide and isothiocyanates with splitting of the azirine N(1), C(3)-double bond to give dipolar, fivemembered heterocyclic 1:1 adducts. In some cases, these products can undergo secondary reactions to yield 1:2 and 1:3 adducts. In this paper it is shown that the reaction of 1a with phenylisocyanate also takes place by cleavage of the N(1), C(3)-bond, whereas with diphenylketene N(1), C(2)-splitting is observed.The reaction of 1a and phenylisocyanate in hexane at room temperature yields the 1:3 adduct 2 in addition to the trimeric isocyanate 3 (Scheme 1). A mechanism for the formation of 2 is given in Scheme 5. Hydrolysis experiments with the 1:3 adduct 2, yielding the hydantoins 4-6 and the ureas 7 and 8 (Schemes 3 and 5), show that the formation of this adduct via the intermediates d, e and f is a reversible reaction.The aminoazirines 1a and 1b undergo an addition reaction with diphenylketene to give the 3-oxazolines 14 (Scheme 8), the structure of which has been established by spectral data and oxidative degradation of 14a to the 3-oxazolin-2-one 15 (R1 — R2 — CH3, Scheme 9).
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    1H-NMR.-spektroskopische Analyse von prochiralen Allencarbonsäureestern mit optisch aktiven Europium-VerschiebungsreagenzienHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Edgardo Giovannini, in Verehrung zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1458-1465 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-NMR. Spectroscopic Analysis of Prochiral Allenic Esters Using Optically Active Europium Shift ReagentsThe prochiral allenic methyl esters 1-4 (cf. Scheme) show in the presence of 1 mol-equiv. tris[3-(heptafluorobutyryl)-(+)-camphorato]europium (III) (Eu (hfc)3) in 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (TCFE) induced unlike 1H-NMR. shift differences (ΔΔδ) for the enantiotopic protons and methyl groups on C(4), respectively (cf. Fig. 2 and 3). This effect allows to determine directly the 2JH,H coupling constants of the geminal protons on C(4) of the allenic esters 1 (15.5 Hz) and 2 (14.5 Hz) (cf. Table 2).
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    Heterocyclisch anellierte Derivate des Strychnins: Imidazo-, Oxazolo- und (1,3-Dioxolo)strychnineHerrn Prof. Hellmut Bredereck zum 75. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1466-1474 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Heterocyclic anellated derivatives of strychnine: Imidazo-, oxazolo- and (1,3-dioxolo)strychnineThe synthesis of imidazo-, oxazolo- and dioxolo-strychnine derivatives, anellated at the 2,3-position of the aromatic nucleus is described. The spectroscopic properties of these compounds and of some intermediates are given.
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    Norrish Type I Cleavage of Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids and Esters in Solution. A CIDNP.-studyHerrn Prof. A.S. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1475-1484 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: UV.-irradiation of pivalic and isobutyric acid and their methyl esters as well as of α-hydroxy isobutyric and malonic acid in solution lead to chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (CIDNP.) of parent compounds and of various reaction products. CIDNP.-effects and product distributions confirm α-cleavage of the C(α), CO bond to be the major mode of photodecomposition. Scavenger experiments indicate that decomposition of the molecules from a triplet excited state is roughly equally or more probable than from a singlet excited state. Quantum yields of educt disappearance are also given for the methyl esters of pivalic and isobutyric acid.
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    Displacement of Activated Amino Groups. C,N- vs. N,S-Bond Cleavage in the Reaction of N-Alkyl-disulfonamides with NucleophilesDedicated to Professor Edgardo Giovannini on occasion of his 70th birthday (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1485-1492 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Sodiumthiophenoxide and sodiumphenylselenide react with N-benzyl- and N-hexyl-di-p-toluenesulfonamides (1 and 2) via displacement at the C-atom to afford the corresponding organosulfides and selenides in yields of 68-96%. In contrast, sodium cyanide converts disulfonamides to monosulfonamides by attack on the S-atom. The different selectivities of phenylsulfide and selenide as compared to cyanide anions with respect to attack on the C- and S-atoms are rationalized on the grounds of the HSAB (hard and soft acids and bases) principle of Pearson.
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    Homonuclear Overhauser 1H-NMR. Experiments on the Carotenoid Pigments Lycopene and Prolycopene (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1497-1500 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The recently proposed structure of the carotenoid pigment prolycopene as the 7,9,7′,9′-tetra-cis isomer of lycopene has been unambiguously confirmed by a series of homonuclear Overhauser 1H-NMR. experiments at 270 MHz. Comparative measurements are reported for lycopene.
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    The Total Synthesis of (±)-Isocomene by an Intramolecular Ene Reaction. Preliminary communicationDedicated to Professor Edgardo Giovannini on his 70th birthday (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1493-1496 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The racemic sesquiterpene isocomene (1) has been synthesized starting from 1,7-octadien-3-one (2) in a stereoselective manner (Scheme 2). In the key step 4 → 5 the C(7), C(8)-bond was formed by an intramolecular thermal ene reaction. Further elaboration of 5 involved the ring contraction 6 → 7, the elimination 8 → 9 and the final olefin isomerization 9 → 1.
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    Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 186. Mitteilung185. Mitt.: [1].. Über die Aspochalasine A, B, C und DHerrn Prof. Dr. Edgardo Giovannini, zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1501-1524 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolites of Microorganisms. The Aspochalasins A, B, C, and DThe structures of the antibiotic aspochalasin B (asposterol) and its inactive co-metabolites aspochalasin A, C, and D from Aspergillus microcysticus (Tü 502) were elucidated by extended spectroscopic studies and chemical degradation. The structures are: aspochalasin A = 10-isopropyl-14-methyl[11]cytochalasa-6, 13-dien-1, 17, 18, 21-tetrone (32), aspochalasin B = 17-hydroxy-10-isopropyl-14-methyl-[11]cytochalasa-6, 13, 19-trien-1, 18, 21-trione (11), and aspochalasin C = 17, 18-dihydroxy-10-isopropyl-14-methyl[11]cytochalasa-6, 13, 19-trien-1, 21-dione (29). Aspochalasin D (1) is a diastereomer of aspochalasin C (different configuration at C (17) or C (18)).
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    Stoffwechselprodukte von Mikroorganismen. 187. Mitteilung186. Mitt. s. [1].. Synthese des 3-Isobutyl-4,5-dimethylisoindolin-1-ons, eines Abbauproduktes von Aspochalasin D (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1525-1530 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Metabolites of Microorganisms. Synthesis of 3-Isobutyl-4,5-dimethylisoindolin-1-one, a Degradation Product of Aspochalasin D3-Isobutyl-4,5-dimethylisoindolin-1-one (1) and 3-isobutyl-6, 7-dimethyl-isoindolin-1-one (6) were synthesized in a non-regioselective way. The structures could be assigned unequivocally by spectroscopic means. Compound 1 was identical with a degradation product of Aspochalasin D.
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    Complexation dans le méthanol anhydre de Cu (II) et Zn (II) par des ligands diaza-polyoxamacrocycliques (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1531-1542 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Complexation in anhydrous methanol of Cu (II) and Zn (II) with diaza-polyoxamacrocyclic ligandsProtonation of five diaza-polyoxamacrocyclic ligands, (L = [2.1], [2.2], [2.1.1.], [2.2.1], [2.2.2]), and their complexing properties towards Cu2+ and Zn2+ cations have been studied in anhydrous methanolic solutions.Potentiometric measurements have been carried out at 25°, using 5 · 10-2MEt4N+ClO4- as support-electrolyte, in order to determine the nature of the species formed upon complexation and their stability constants. The results were confirmed by spectrophotometry, for the cupric complexes of [2.1] and [2.2.2], and the electronic spectra of the different complexes were calculated.Comparison between complexation in aqueous and methanolic solutions have been made: as in water, ML2+ species and sometimes protonated MHL3+ species, with higher stability constants, are present in methanol; but the main difference is the formation of dinuclear complexes M2L4+, between Cu2+ and all ligands except [2.1]. In these complexes the Cu2+ cations cannot be both ‘encaged’ in the ligand cavity because of its small size. The different possible structures are discussed in terms of the stability constants values. The protonation constants values and the existence of the binuclear complexes may indicate a possible conformational change in the complexing ligand on changing the solvent from water to methanol.
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    A Novel Synthesis of Aporphines via 3-PhenylphenethylaminesPresented by one of us (A. B.) in summer 1976 at Chiba University, Chiba 280, Japan. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1549-1558 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: rac-1,2,10-Trimethoxy-aporphine (14) and rac-2-ethoxy-10,11-dimethoxyaporphine (27) have been synthesized from the 3-phenylphenethylamines 9 and 22 by a new route. The 8-phenyl-3,4-dihydroisoquinolines 11 and 24, the oxo-aporphines 12 and 25 and the rac-nor-aporphines 13 and 26 were obtained as intermediates.
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    Conversion of Natural (S)-Bulbocapnine into Two (Ring A)-Substituted Derivatives of (R)-ApomorphinePresented by A. B. at the 10th European Symposium on Bio-Organic Chemistry, Gregyonog Hall, Wales (U.K.), May 14th to 17th, 1976, and during a lecture tour in Japan (autumn 1976). (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1543-1548 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (6aR)-1,2-(Methylenedioxy)aporphine-10, 11-diol (8) and (6aR)-aporphine-1, 1, 10, 11-tetrol (16) have been prepared from natural (S)-bulbocapnine (4). For both compounds, the partial synthesis included racemic intermediates which have been resolved into their enantiomers. Both compounds 8 and 16 showed dopaminergic activity in rats, although to a lower extent than (R)-apomorphine (1) itself.
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    Influence of Amino Acids, Ammonium and Potassium Cations on the Self-Assembly of 5′-GMP (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1559-1565 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The self-ordered supramolecular structures formed by 5′-guanosine monophosphate (disodium salt) in aqueous solution at pH 7.8 show pronounced interaction with ammonium ions. Rather than competing with potassium ions for the central cavity in hydrogen-bonded guanine tetramers, ammonium ions bring about - in synergism with potassium ions - further aggregation. Glycine appears to destroy the aggregates, by competing with potassium ions for the core positions within the tetramers. Conversely, alanine does not interact significantly with the system. These conclusions follow from analysis, at various concentrations, of the microdynamics and of the mole fractions of sodium ions bound to self-assembled 5′-GMP--, obtained from relaxation rate measurements for the 23Na nucleus, as the 5′-GMP-- counter-ion.
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    Synthetische Verwendung von Epoxynitronen. II. Synthese von Steroid-α-methyliden-γ-lactonen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1586-1602 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthetic application of epoxynitrones. II. Syntheses of steroidal α-methylidene-γ-lactonesThis communication describes the application of the epoxynitrone/CF3SO3SiR3 → 1,2-oxazine annelation-reaction [1] to the syntheses of steroidal α-methylidene-γ-lactones from olefines, e.g. 12 → 14a/b → 16a/b → 18a/b → 20 → 22 (Scheme 2).
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    The Configuration of Naturally Occurring Iridoid Glucosides at C(6) and C(8): A Complementary Assignment Aid by 13C-NMR. Spectroscopy (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1603-1604 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Evidence is presented which demonstrates that 13C-NMR. spectroscopy can be used with confidence in evaluating the configuration of R1R2CHOH centers at C(6) and C(8) of iridoid glucosides.
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    Triazènes. Etude XPS. et 1H-RMN. des complexes mercuriques des diaryl-1,3-triazènes (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1566-1569 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: XPS. and 1H-NMR. spectra of 1,3-diaryltriazenes complexes of Hg(II)The core binding energies C 1s, N 1s, Hg 4f7/2, Hg 4f5/2 in 7 symmetrical p-substituted 1,3-diphenyltriazenes complexes of Hg(II) have been measured by XPS. Within the limits of experimental error (± 0.2 eV) only one N 1s signal could be detected. This indicates the equivalence of the 3 N-atoms. Invariance of C 1s, N 1s, Hg 4f7/2, Hg 4d5/2 signals with the para substituents on the phenyl ring is explained on the basis of ionic character in the Hg, N bond. These results are corroborated by the 1H-NMR. spectra.
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    Etude en série triazénique. IVPartie III: [1].Extrait de la thèse de doctorat d'Etat de C. Siv (en cours): ce travail a été en partie présenté aux Journées de Chimie Organique d'Orsay en Septembre 1977.. Synthèse et réactivité d'aryl-3-(diméthyl-3,4-isoxazolyl-5)-1-triazènes et d'arylazo-4-diméthyl-3,4-isoxazolones-5 (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1570-1585 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and reactivity of 3-aryl-1-(3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-triazenes and 4-arylazo-3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-onesAccording to the experimental conditions and the nature of the substituents on the aromatic ring, aryldiazonium salts react with 5-amino-3,4-dimethylisoxazole (3) leading to either 3-aryl-1 (3,4-dimethyl-5-isoxazolyl)-triazenes (1A) or 4-arylazo-3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-ones (4). Analyses of the products resulting from thermal decomposition of these triazenes in aromatic substrates and in DMSO and their behaviour in acidic medium show that it is essentially the arylazo form 1B which is reactive.
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    A Total Synthesis of α-Kainic Acid by an Intramolecular Ene Reaction. Preliminary communication (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2282-2284 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The neurotoxin α-kainic acid (7) was synthesized from 1 via the thermal key step 5 → 6 in 41% overall yield.
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    Stereospezifische Synthese von 6β,7β-Methylen-20-spirox-4-en-3,21-dion (Prorenon). Über Steroide. 235. Mitteilung234. Mitteilung vgl. [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2276-2281 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereospecific synthesis of 6β,7β-methylene-20-spirox-4-ene-3,21-dioneA stereospecific synthesis of the highly active 6β,7β-methylene-20-spirolactone 4 (Prorenone) is described.
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    Chirale 2,2′-Polyoxaalkano-9,9′-spirobifluorene (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2285-2302 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Chiral 2,2′-polyoxaalkano-9,9′-spirobifluorenesFrom 2,2′-diacetyl-9,9′-spirobifluorene (2), twelve chiral polyethers have been prepared as potential ion- and enantiomer-selective ionophores. The absolute configuration of the polyethers 15-17, 19-22, and 25 has been determined by chemical correlation with vespirenes [11] [29], by circular dichroism, and by X-ray analysis. The circular dichroism of 15-17, 19 and 21 depends on the size of the macrocycle and indicates that the fluorene chromophores of 19 and 21 with 13- and 16-membered rings respectively deviate considerably from orthogonality.
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    Favorskii-Umlagerung in Gegenwart von 3,4-Dimethoxyfuran: 11endo-oxa-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undec-3-en-10-on und Derivate (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2325-2328 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Favorskii-rearrangement in the presence of 3,4-dimethoxyfuran: preparation of 3,4-dimethoxy 11endo-oxo-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undec-3-en-10-one and any derivativesOn treatment with sodiumhydride of 2-chloro-cyclohexanone in the presence of 3,4-dimethoxyfuran, a possible intermediate of the Favorskii-rearrangement has been trapped as 3,4-dimethoxy-11endo-oxa-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undec-3-en-10-one (3). This new compound contains a highly nucleophilic double bond. It can be cleaved in high yield by ozonolysis to 2exo, 4exo-bis (methoxycarbonyl)-3-oxabicyclo [3.3.1]nonan-9-one (4). Addition of chlorine to 3 occurs in stereoselective exo-cis-manner to the crystalline 3exo, 4exo-dichloro-3endo,4endo-dimethoxy 11endo-oxa-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undecan-10-one (5). Silver ion assisted hydrolysis of 5, followed by thermal treatment of the intermediate hydrates, leads to the red 11endo-oxa-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undecan-3,4, 10-trione (6), and methanolysis to 3,3,4,4-tetramethoxy-11endo-oxa-tricyclo [4.3.1.12,5]undecan-10-one (8). By photolytic decarbonylation, 8 is converted into 3,3,4,4-tetramethoxy-10-oxa-tricyclo-[4.3.12,5.0]decan (9).
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    Aktivierte Chinone: O- versus C-Addition von Phenolen; eine neue, regiospezifische Synthese von Xanthonen, Thioxanthonen und N-Methyl-9-acridonen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2350-2360 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Activated quinones: O- versus C-addition of phenols. New regiospecific syntheses of xanthones, thioxanthones and N-methyl-9-acridonesThe acid catalyzed reaction of phenols with activated quinones, e.g. 2-methoxycarbonyl-1, 4-benzoquinone or 2-acetyl-1, 4-benzoquinone, leads to substituted biphenylderivatives (C, C-addition) as has been previously described [1]. O, C-Addition of phenols has now been achieved by using 2-methoxypyridin or 4-dimethyl-aminopyridin [4] as basic catalysts. The resulting substituted diphenylethers can serve as convenient starting materials for regiospecific syntheses of substituted xanthones, especially for 1, 4-dimethoxyxanthones.Arylthiols and N-methyl-N-arylamines also react readily with activated quinones to give substituted di-aryl-thioethers and N-methyl-N, N-diarylamines respectively; both types of compounds are convenient materials for regiospecific syntheses of substituted thioxanthones and N-methyl-9-acridones.
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    Cob(I)alamin als Katalysator, 5. Mitteilung [1]. Enantioselektive Reduktion α,β-ungesättigter Carbonylderivate (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2361-2373 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cob(I)alamin as Catalyst. 5. Communication [1]. Enantioselective Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl DerivativesThe cob(I)alamin-catalyzed reduction of an α,β-unsaturated ethyl ester in aqueous acetic acid produced the (S)-configurated saturated derivative 2 with an enantiomeric excess of 21%. The starting material 1 is not reduced at pH = 7.0 in the presence of catalytic amounts of cob(I)alamin (see Scheme 2). It is shown that the attack of cob(I)alamin and not of cob(II)alamin, also present in Zn/CH3COOH/H2O, accounts for the enantioselective reduction observed. All the (Z)-configurated starting materials 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11 have been transformed to the corresponding (S)-configurated saturated derivatives 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12, respectively. The highest enantiomeric excess revealed to be present in the saturated product 12 (32,7%, S) derived from the (Z)-configurated methyl ketone 11 (see Scheme 3 and Table 1). The reduction of the (E)-configurated starting materials led mainly to racemic products. A saturated product having the (R)-configuration with a rather weak enantiomeric excess (5.9%) has been obtained starting from the (E)-configurated methyl ketone 23 (see Scheme 5 and Table 2). The allylic alcohols 16 and 24 have been reduced to the saturated racemic derivative 17.
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    Totalsynthese von natürlichem α-Tocopherol. 4. Mitteilung3. Mitt. siehe [1].. Aufbau des Chromanringsystems aus Trimethylhydrochinon und einem optisch aktiven C4- bzw. C5-Synthon (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2384-2399 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Total Synthesis of Natural α-TocopherolTwo independent syntheses of (S)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-yl-methanol (8b), (Scheme 6 resp. 9) as optically active chroman moiety for the preparation of natural vitamin E via (S)-6-acetoxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboaldehyde (2a) (Scheme 1) and a corresponding side chain are described. Both reaction sequences use trimethyl-hydroquinone as starting material; one approach employs an optically active C4 unit (10a) (Schemes 5 and 6) to introduce the required configuration at C(2), the other uses an optically active C5-synthon (11a) (Schemes 8 and 9) to build the optically active chroman unit. The correct configuration and optical purity of the chroman synthesized is established by correlation with optically pure material of known configuration from which natural vitamin E had already been derived [2].
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    Azimine. IITeil I, siehe [1].. Synthese und thermische Fragmentierung von cis- und trans-2,3-Diphenyl-1-phthalimido-2,3-di[15N]-aziminTeilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft am 8./9. Oktober 1976 in Genf und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [2]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 831-843 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azimines. IITeil I, siehe [1]. . Preparation and Thermal Fragmentation of cis- and trans-2,3-Diphenyl-1-phthalimido-2,3-di[15N]-azimine Teilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft am 8./9. Oktober 1976 in Genf und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [2].cis- and trans-2,3-Diphenyl-1-phthalimido-2,3-di[15N]-azimine (11 and 12) wer synthesized from cis-di[15N]-azobenzene (10) and phthalimido-nitrene (2), the latter generated by lead tetraacetate oxidation of N-aminophthalimide (1). Useful information was obtained from the comparison of several data of 11 and 12 with those of the unmarked diphenyl-azimines 5 and 6 (R = C6H5).The 15N- and 13C-NMR. spectra of 11 and 12 were interpreted to furnish additional evidence for the azimine structure and for the indicated configurations. The IR. spectra permitted identification of two bands in the 1200 to 1450 cm-1 region, probably characteristic for the functionality of diaryl-phthalimido-azimines. Comparison of the mass spectrum of 11/12 with that of the unmarked analogues 5/6 (R = C6H5) permitted the interpretation of the fragmentation path of 1-phthalimidoazimines. The major path may be the purely thermal decomposition to 13 and 7 (R = C6H5), respectively. Two other competing fragmentation paths are discussed.Prolonged thermolysis of 11 at 61° in solution gave 83% of N,N′-diphenyl-N N′-phthaloyl-di[15N]-hydrazine (13) of 98% isotope purity, which means that the imide nitrogen atom and N(1) of the azimine function are removed in this reaction. A mechanism passing through an intermediate cyclic tetrazene 16 is considered.Benzocyclobutenedione (14) added to trans-azobenzene (4, R = C6H5) under the influence of a high pressure lamp in a quarz apparatus to give N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-phthaloyl-hydrazine (7, R = C6H5). This reaction was found not to take place in the dark, even after prolonged heating in trichloromethane.
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    Azimine. I. Bildung und Stereoisomerie von 2, 3-Diaryl- und 2, 3-Dialkyl-1-phthalimido-aziminenTeilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft in Lausanne am 7./8. Mai 1971 und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [1]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 816-830 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Azimines. I. Synthesis and Stereoisomerism of 2, 3-Diaryl- and 2, 3-Dialkyl-1-phthalimido-aziminesTeilweise vorgetragen in der Versammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft in Lausanne am 7./8. Mai 1971 und als Autoreferat veröffentlicht [1].Special examples of a new class of compounds, the open-chain azimines (1), have been prepared and their properties examined.Addition of phthalimido-nitrene (4), generated by lead tetraacetate oxidation of N-aminophthalimide (3), to cis- and trans-azobenzene (6 and 5), -azo-p-toluene (8 and 7), and to trans-azomethane (9), -azoethane (10) and -azo-α-phenylethane (11) afforded the separable cis- and trans-isomers of 2, 3-diphenyl- (12 and 13), 2, 3-di-p-toyl- (14 and 15), 2, 3-dimethyl- (16 and 17), 2, 3-diethyl- (18 and 19) and 2, 3-di-(α-phenylethyl)-1-phthalimido-azimines (20 and 21) in different ratios (see Scheme 1).The constitution of the nitrene azo compound adducts as azimines was derived from their properties, especially from the conjugation effect (visible in the UV. spectra) of the aryl-substituted compounds and from the non-equivalence (shown by the 1H-NMR. spectra) of the substituents on the two nitrogen atoms derived from the azo compounds. This evidence excluded the triaziridine 22 and an alternative azimine constitution 23 for the adducts.Of the two stereoisomers obtained for each of the azimines, the aryl-substituted examples 12/13 and 14/15 were readily interconverted by warming in solution, the cis-isomers 12 and 14 exceeding the trans-isomers 13 and 15 in the equilibrium. The dialkyl-azimines appear to be configurationally more stable, since interconversion of the dimethyl-azimines 16 and 17 was not possible under the same conditions, and also not before another thermal reaction took place (see below).The identification of the N(2)-N(3) bond as the stereogenic center, i.e. that the stereoisomerism of the azimines is due to the difference in relative position at N(2) and N(3) of the substituents derived from the azo compounds, as well as a configurational assignment was possible in the aryl-substituted examples on the basis of the UV. spectroscopic comparison of the isomeric azimines with the corresponding stereoisomeric azoxy compounds: The cis-azimines 12 and 14 showed absorptions similar to those of cis-azoxybenzene and cis-azoxy-p-toluene, and the trans-azimines 13 and 15 showed absorptions similar to those of the respective trans-azoxy compounds. With respect to the configuration of the alkyl-substituted azimines, it was observed that the isomers 17 and 19, which from their formation and chromatographic behaviour are likely to be the trans-isomers, show a visible coupling (∽ 1 Hz) between the two H (α)'s in the 1H-NMR. spectrum, whereas the dimethyl isomer 16 (cis) does not exhibit such a coupling.Thermal treatment of four azimines, namely 12, 14, 16 and 17, in solution for a longer time afforded the corresponding N, N′-disubstituted N, N′-phthaloyl-hydrazines 27, 28 and 29. The order of velocity of this fragmentation with nitrogen extrusion was 12/13 ≍ 14/15 〉 16(cis) 〉 17(trans).
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    Photochemistry of Chlorinated 2-Cycloalkenones (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 874-881 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 6-chloro-2-cyclohexenones 3, 6 and 11, and the 5-chloro-2-cyclopentenone 15 were newly synthesized. The results obtained with compounds 3 and 15 in photocycloadditions to olefins show that the oxetane vs. cyclobutane product ratio is reduced by the substitution of florine by chlorine in the α′ -position of the enone. No oxetanes are formed in the intramolecular photocycloaddition of 6. Compound 11 does not photoadd to olefins. The newly synthesized 2-chloro-3-cyclohexenones 8 and 9 are also photostable towards light of λ=366 nm, but π-π*-excitation (λ=254 nm) in pentane leads to the formation of 4,4-dimethylcyclohexanone (29).
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    Mehrkernige Kobaltkomplexe. II. Herstellung und Struktur von [(tren) (NH3)Co(O2)Co(NH3) (tren)](SCN)4 · 2H2OI: siehe [1]. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 867-873 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Polynuclear Cobalt Complexes. II. Preparation and Structure of [(tren) (NH3)Co(O2)Co(NH3) (tren)](SCN)4 · 2H2OThe title compound is obtained on oxygenation of [Co(tren)(H2O)2]2+ in 6M aqueous ammonia or by ligand exchange starting from [(NH3)5Co(O2)Co(NH3)5]-(NO3)4. An X-ray structure determination was made. The substance forms monoclinic crystals, space group P21/c, lattice constants a=10,135, b=8,473, c=19,484 Å, β=108,58°, with two formula units in the cell. The final R is 0,066. The binuclear cation has a center of symmetry, so the Co—O—O—Co unit is planar; the Co—O—O angle is 111,5°. The tertiary nitrogen atoms of both chelate groups are cis to the O2 bridge, as found in doubly bridged [(tren)Co(O2,OH)Co(tren)](ClO4)3 · 3H2O.On acidification in solution, the singly bridged cation [(tren) (NH3)CoO2Co(NH3)(tren)]4+ (a) loses the bound O2 completely. But unlike the doubly bridged cation b, the rate of dissociation of a is independent of pH (Fig. 5). At higher pH (8-10) bridging a→b (Fig. 2) occurs. Both reactions must have the same rate determining step, the first order rate constants being of the order of 2 · 10-3 s-1 (25°, 0,35M KCl).
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    Isolation and Identification of Three Major Metabolites of Retinoic Acid from Rat Feces (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 881-887 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Following the intraperitoneal administration of high doses of 14C- and 3H- labelled retinoic acid (1) to rats, three major metabolites and the intact compound were isolated from the feces in microgram amounts by use of column, thin-layer and high-pressure liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by mass spectrometry and Fourier Transform 1H-NMR. spectroscopy as 2 (all-trans-4-oxoretinoic acid), 3 (7-trans-9-cis-11-trans-13-trans-5′-hydroxy-retinoic acid).Hydroxylation of the 5-methyl group of the cyclohexene ring, oxidation of the cyclohexene ring in position 4 and cis-trans isomerisation of the nonatetraenoic acid side chain were the reactions, which produced these products from retinoic acid. The metabolites 2 and 4 each accounted for about 4% of the radioactivity administered. The metabolite 3 and the parent compound accounted for about 16% and 17% of the dose, respectively.
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    Nouveaux types de sucres acétyléniques. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 892-895 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Novel types of acetylenic sugarsThe coupling, following Cadiot's procedure, of a 6-bromo-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidène-3-O-methyl-α-D-xylo-hex-5-yno-1, 4-furanose (1) with phenylacetylene, 2-propyn-1-ol or terminal acetylenic sugars gave with excellent yields the expected diynes (an enediyne when the terminal acetylene was the 3,5, 6-trideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glycero-hex-3-en-5-yno-1,4-furanose 7). The chloro analogue 8 of 1 on treatment with lithium thiophenate gave the corresponding phenylthio-acetylenic sugar 9. An acetylene was also formed by reacting the gem-difluoro-olefinic sugar 10 with butyllithium whereas the same olefinic sugar and its 3-O-benzyl analogue 11 gave only a gem-fluoro-arylthio-olefinic sugar (13-15) as a mixture of the Z and E isomers (Z/E 〉 4) when treated with the conjugate base of an arylmercaptan.
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    Nouveaux exemples de radicaux libres stables de dérivés hétérocycliques de sucresDérivés C-glycosyliques XXXIV. Pour la 33c communication v. [1].. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 888-891 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Some more examples of stable free radicals of carbohydrate heterocyclic derivatives2-Glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline- 3-oxide-1-oxyls and 2-glycosyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline 1-oxyls have been prepared in nine carbohydrate series, which proves the generality of the method. The hyperfine coupling constant between the free electron and the α-proton of the glycosyl group is never very large (0-2.3 G) but a correlation between its value and the structure of the aglycone has been noted. Free radicals of that type, stable in aqueous solutions, are potentially interesting for biological studies.
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    The Structure of the Antibiotic Hedamycin. I. Chemical, Physical and Spectral PropertiesPresented in part at the fall meeting on the Swiss Chemical Society in Aarau, October 4, 1975. (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 896-906 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Interpretation of the chemical and spectral (IR., UV., 1H- and 13C-NMR.) properties of the antitumor antibiotic hedamycin (C41H50N2O11) suggests that the molecule contains a methyl substituted 1-hydroxyanthraquinone nucleus, an α, β-unsaturated ketone, two sugar-like tetrahydropyran rings (4 and 8) and an aliphatic chain 2, presumably with an epoxy group (see the Scheme).
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    Halogenierte Pyridine und 1,8-Naphthyridine. VI (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 907-921 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Halogenated pyridines and 1,8-naphthyridines. VI.The principle of the synthesis of 3-halomethyl-2,6-dichloro-pyridines has been extended to compounds with side chains of more than one carbon atom in the 3-position. Feasible synthetic routes are outlined starting from cheap, commercially available α-methylideneglutaronitrile and trichloroalkyl functional compounds which yield the intermediate 1,3,5-trisubstituted alkanes. These are cyclized by aqueous mineral acid or by hydrogen bromide in an organic solvent to 2-substituted glutarimids or hexahydronaphthyridinones, depending on the mode of cyclization. The final aromatization provides a simple route to pyridines or 1, 8-naphthyridines.
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    Über Pterinchemie. 62. Mitteilung. Protonenkatalysierte [1,2]-H-Verschiebung bei der Umlagerung von 6,7-Diphenyl-5,6-dihydropterin zu 6,7-Diphenyl-7,8-dihydropterin (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 60 (1977), S. 922-924 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Proton catalysed [1,2]-H-shift in the rearrangement of 6,7-diphenyl-5,6-dihydropterine (I) to 6,7-diphenyl-7,8-dihydropterine (III)The arrangement from I to the thermodynamically more stable III undergoes through a acid catalysed [1,2]-H-shift (intramolecular 6,7-hydride rearrangement) (see Scheme 1).
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    The Structure of the Antibiotic Hedamycin. V. Crystal structure and absolute configurationPresented in part at the fall meeting of the Swiss Chemical Society in Bern, October 19, 1979. Part IV: [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2525-2533 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structure of the antibiotic hedamycin (1) has been solved by direct method and refined by least squares techniques to R = 0.091 for 2289 of 2643 independent reflexions. Crystals of C41H50N2O11 are orthorhombic, space group P212121 with lattice parameters a = 24.239 (12), b = 21.440 (10), c = 7.369 (4) Å, Z = 4. The structural features of hedamycin derived earlier by chemical and spectroscopical means are confirmed. Optical rotation and circular dichroism indicate that hedamycin (1) has the absolute configuration of the related antibiotic kidamycin (3). The conformation of ring F is a chair form with the aryl substituent almost axial. The bioxirane part of the antibiotic is in a synclinal conformation.
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    Synthese und Chiralität von (5R, 6R)-5,6-Dihydro-β, ψ-carotin-5,6-diol, (5R, 6R, 6′R)-5,6-Dihydro-β, ε-carotin-5,6-diol, (5S, 6R)-5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β, ψ-carotin und (5S, 6R, 6′R)-5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β,ε-carotin (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2534-2538 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and Chirality of (5R, 6R)-5,6-Dihydro-β, ψ-carotene-5,6-diol, (5R, 6R, 6′R)-5,6-Dihydro-β, ε-carotene-5,6-diol, (5S, 6R)-5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β,ψ-carotene and (5S, 6R, 6′R)-5,6-Epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β,ε-caroteneWittig-condensation of optically active azafrinal (1) with the phosphoranes 3 and 6 derived from all-(E)-ψ-ionol (2) and (+)-(R)-α-ionol (5) leads to the crystalline and optically active carotenoid diols 4 and 7, respectively. The latter behave much more like carotene hydrocarbons despite the presence of two hydroxylfunctions. Conversion to the optically active epoxides 8 and 9, respectively, is smoothly achieved by reaction with the sulfurane reagent of Martin [3]. These syntheses establish the absolute configurations of the title compounds since that of azafrin is known [2].
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    The Radical Anion of 1,2-Diphenylcyclopentene (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2517-2524 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: ESR. and ENDOR. studies are reported for the radical anions of 1,2-diphenylcyclopentene (3) and its di(pe+deuteriophenyl)-derivative (3-D10). Comparison of the coupling constants of the phenyl protons in 3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}. with the analogous values for the radical anions of 1,2-diphenyl substituted cyclopropene (1) and cyclobutene (2) reveals regular changes in the sequence 1\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, 2\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, 3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}, which are caused by an increasing twist of the phenyl groups about the C(1), C(1′)- and C(2), C(1″)-bonds linking them to the ethylene fragment. Such a twist is shown to be also responsible for the large difference in the coupling constants of the methylene β-protons in 3\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ ^{\ominus \atop \dot{}} $\end{document}. (0.659 and 0.293 mT). It is suggested that - in order to minimize the losses caused by this twist in the π-delocalization energy - the 2 pz-axes at the centres 1 and 2 deviate from a perpendicular orientation to the mean plane of the cyclopentene ring. A deviation by 19° from such an orientation is required to account for the observed β-proton coupling constants in terms of their conventional cos2-dependence on the dihedral angles θ.
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    Sorellin und Hobartin, zwei neue Indolalkaloide aus Aristotelia peduncularis (LABILL.) HOOK. F. 173. Mitteilung über organische Naturstoffe174. Mitt. s. [1].Teil der geplanten Dissertation von R.K., Universität Zürich. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2539-2546 
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    Notes: Sorelline and Hobartine, Two New Indole Alkaloids from Aristotelia peduncularis (LABILL.) HOOK. F.From Aristotelia peduncularis (LABILL.) HOOK. F. two new indole alkaloids, sorelline (1) and hobartine (2), have been isolated. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data (the formulae represent their relative configurations). The alkaloids 1 and 2 have closely related structures with a monosubstituted indole moiety and an unrearranged monoterpene unit in the aliphatic part.
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    Synthese und Konfiguration einiger Spiro [indan-2,2′-pyrrolidin]- und Spiro [pyrrolidin-2,2′-tetralin]-DerivateTeilweise vorgetragen an der Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft in Bern, 8.10.1977.,Herrn Professor André S. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1223-1230 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and configuration of some spiro [indan-2,2′-pyrrolidine] and spiro [pyrrolidine-2,2′-tetraline] derivativesCatalytic hydrogenation of the nitrosoindan and nitrosotetralin derivatives 8 yielded trans-1-hydroxy-spiro [indan-2,2′-pyrrolidin]-5′-one (9) and trans-1′-hydroxy-spiro [pyrrolidine-2,2′-tetralin]-5-one (10) respectively, whilst the corresponding cis compounds 12 and 15 were prepared via the chlorides 11 and 14.The configurations of 10 and 13 were determined by X-Ray analysis.
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    Reaktionen der valenzpolaromeren Ketenform mesoionischer Heterocyclen mit 3-Dimethylamino-2H-azirinenHerrn Prof. Dr. h.c. André S. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1236-1251 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Reactions of valencepolaromeric ketenes of mesoionic heterocyles with 3-dimethylamino-2H-azirinesReactions of the 3-dimethylamino-2H-azirines 1a and 1b with the mesoionic oxazole 5 and the mesoionic dithiole 6 in acetonitrile at room temperature yield the 1:1 adducts 11, 12, 19 and 20, respectively (Schemes 5 and 8). These products can be formulated as adducts of the aminoazirines and the ketenes 5a and 6a, which are valence polaromeric forms of the mesoionic heterocycles 5 and 6 (Scheme 2).The structure of the adducts has been elucidated by spectral data and their comparison with the data of (Z)-11, the structure of which has been established by X-ray [19]. Oxidation of the 1:1 adducts with KMnO4 in a two-phase system yields 4-dimethylamino-3-oxazolin-2-ones (cf. Scheme 6) by clevage of the exocyclic C,C-double bond. A mechanism for the formation of the adducts is given in Scheme 9: Nucleophilic attack of 1 on the ketene leads to a primary adduct of type a, which undergoes clevage of the former N(1), C(2)-azirine bond to give adducts of type 11 or 19. The N(1), C(2)-ring opening of 1a in the reaction with ketenes contrasts with the N(1), C(3)-opening of 1a in the addition with, for instance, isothiocyanates. These different ring openings are explained by the difference in nucleophilicity of the heteroatoms X and Y in a′ (Scheme 10).
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    Heterocyclic Spiro-naphthalenones. Part III. Synthesis and reactions of some spiro [naphthalene-1,2′-pyrrolidin]-2-ones and spiro [naphthalene-2,2′-pyrrolidin]-1-ones (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1268-1274 
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    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: The spironaphthalen-2-ones 2, 10 and 18 were prepared by N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) oxidation of 1, 9 and 17 respectively, whereas spironaphthalen-1-ones 24 and 25 were obtained by treating 23 with NBS.The stereoisomeric reduction products 29, 30 and 32 obtained from 24 and 25, gave the pentacyclic compound 33 on treatment with polyphosphoric acid.
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    Cyclopeptid-Antibiotika aus Aspergillus-Arten. Struktur der Echinocandine C und DAuszugsweise vorgetragen an der Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft in Bern, 20./21. Oktober 1978. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1252-1267 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cyclopeptide antibiotics from Aspergillus species. Structure of echinocandins C and DThe echinocandins B, C and D are antifungal antibiotics produced by a strain of Aspergillus rugulosus. All three metabolites are closely related representing cyclic oligopeptides composed of six amino acids and a linolic acid residue in an amide linkage. The complete structure of echinocandin B (1) has recently been established by X-ray analysis. Structural assignments to the new minor metabolites C and D have now been made by hydrolytic and oxidative cleavage reactions, formation of N-acyl-α-aminoethers as well as by chemical correlations and extensive NMR. examinations. Echinocandin C (2), C52H81N7O15, contains 3-hydroxyhomotyrosine in the place of 3, 4-dihydroxyhomotyrosine present in 1. Echinocandin D (3), C52H81N7O13, differs in two amino acids: 3, 4-dihyroxyhomotyrosine and 4, 5-dihydroxyornithine, unusual units of 1 being replaced by 3-hydroxyhomotyrosine and ornithine.
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    Formation of Dichloro Oxiranes from Ketones under Phase Transfer ConditionsPresented at the Autumn Meeting of the Swiss Chemical Society, Berne, October 7--8, 1977.,Synthesis and Reactivity of Compounds with Cyclobutane Ring(-s), Part XII. Part XI: [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1275-1282 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: Compounds 2, 5 and 9 represent the first examples of isolable dichlorooxiranes formed by formal addition of dichloro carbene to a carbonyl group under phase transfer conditions. On heating, 2, 5 and 9 rearrange into α-chloroacid chlorides 3, 6 and 10, respectively.
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    C-nucleosides aminoisoxazoliquesDérivés C-glyosyliques XXXVI. La réf. [1] constitute la 35e communication de cette série.. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 833-837 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aminoisoxazoles C-nucleosidesUpon treatment with bromocyanomethylenetriphenylphosphorane, a series of aldehydosugar derivatives gave in good to excellent yields the corresponding terminal gem-bromocyanoenoses 3, 7-10 and 16. Reacted with hydroxylamine, these unsaturated sugars led to the expected [3] 5-amino-3-glycosylisoxazoles 4, 11, 12 and 17, whereas using hydroxyurea as a binucleophile they gave the corresponding 3-amino-5-glycosylisoxazoles 13 and 14 as previously described in other series [3]. The major interest of these compounds rests in their being close analogs (or enantiomers of analogs) of important biological compounds as f.e. AICAR.
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    Bestrahlung von 4-allylierten 2,6-Dimethylanilinen in Methanol3.Mitteilung über Reaktionen elektronisch angeregter Allylbenzolderivate; 2.Mitt.: siehe [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2613-2629 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Irradiation of 4-Allylated 2,6-Dimethylanilines in Methanol4-Allyl-, 4-(1′-methylallyl)-, 4-(2′-butenyl)-, and 4-(1′,1′-dimethylallyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (14-17; cf. Scheme 3) were obtained by the acid catalysed, thermal rearrangement of the corresponding N-allylated anilines in good yields. Aniline 14, when irradiated with a high pressure mercury lamp through quartz in methanol, yielded as main product 4-(2′-methoxypropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (22; cf. Scheme 4) and, in addition, 2,6-dimethyl-4-propylaniline (18) and 4-cyclopropyl-2,6-dimethylaniline (23). The analogous products, namely erythro- and threo-4-(2′-methoxy-1′-methylpropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (erythro- and threo-24), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(1′-methylpropyl)aniline (19), trans- and cis-2,6-dimethyl-4-(2′-methylcyclopropyl)aniline (trans- and cis-25), as well as small amounts of 4-ethyl-2,6-dimethylaniline (26), were formed by irradiation of 15 in methanol (cf. Scheme 5). When this photoreaction was carried out in O-deuteriomethanol, erythro- and threo-24 showed an up-take of one deuterium atom in the side chain. The mass spectra of erythro- and threo-24 revealed that in 50% of the molecules the deuterium was located at the methyl group at C(1′) and in the other 50% at the methyl group at C(2′) (cf. Scheme 6). This is a good indication that the methanol addition products arise from methanolysis of intermediate spiro[2.5]octa-4,7-dien-6-imines (cf. Scheme 7). This assumption is further supported by the photoreaction of 17 in methanol (cf. Scheme 8) which led to the formation of 4-(2′-methoxy-1′,2′-dimethylpropyl)-2,6-dimethylaniline (28) as main product. The occurrence of a rearranged side chain in 28 can again be explained by the intervention of a spirodienimine 31 (cf. Scheme 9). In comparison with 14, 15 and 17, the 2′-butenylaniline 16 reacted only sluggishly on irradiation in methanol (cf. Scheme 10). It is suggested that all photoproducts - except for the cyclopropyl derivatives which are formed presumably via a triplet di-π-methane rearrangement - arise from an intramolecular singlet electron-donor-acceptor complex between the aniline and ethylene chromophor of the side chain. Protonation of this complex at C(3′) or C(2′) will lead to diradicals (e.g. 33 and 34, respectively, in Scheme 11). The diradicals of type 33 undergo ring closure to the corresponding spirodienimine intermediates (e.g. 31) whereas the diradicals of type 34 take up two hydrogen atoms to yield the photo-hydrogenated compounds (e.g. 21) or undergo to a minor extent fragmentation to side chain degraded products (e.g. 30; see also footnote 7).-Irradiation of 4-ally-2,6-dimethylaniline (14) in benzene or cyclohexane yielded the corresponding azo compound 38 (cf. Scheme 12), whereas its N,N-dimethyl derivative 41 was transformed into the cyclopropyl derivative 42. The allyl moiety in 14 is not necessary for the formation of azo compounds since 2,4,6-trimethylaniline (39) exhibited the same type of photoreaction in benzene solution.
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    Macrocycles by Olefination of Dialdehydes with 1,3-Bis(dimethylphosphono)-2-propanone (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2661-2672 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conjugated cyclic divinyl ketones containing fifteen and seventeen membered rings have been prepared in a single step by condensation of 1,3-bis (dimethylphosphono)-2-propanone (10) with the dialdehydes 14, 17, 20, and 42 in the presence of hydrogencarbonate in aqueous t-butyl alcohol at reflux without using high dilution techniques. The more highly unsaturated aldehydes give better yields and ketones 34 and 36, or mixtures of the two, were transformed to muscone (1) and Exaltone® by standard procedures. Civetone (2) was prepared by hydrogenation of 43 in pyridine solution. Dienone 29 appears to be the first α, β-unsaturated ketone in which one of the β-vinyl proton resonates at higher field than the corresponding α-proton.
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    Mechanismus der photochemischen Methanol-Addition an 2-allylierte AnilineGilt als 2.Mitteilung über Reaktionen elektronisch angeregter Allylbenzol-Derivate; 1.Mitt.: s. [1].Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Edgardo Giovannini zugeeignet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2581-2612 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Mechanism of the Photochemical Addition of Methanol to 2-Allylated AnilinesWe studied in methanol the photoreaction of the 2-allylated anilines, given in Scheme 3 (cf. also [1]). Irradiation of N-methyl-2-(1′-methylallyl)aniline (15) with a high pressure mercury lamp yielded trans- and cis-1,2,3-trimethylindoline (trans- and (cis-34) as well as erythro- and threo-2-(2′-methoxy-1′-methylpropyl)-N-methylaniline (erythro- and threo-35; Scheme 7). When the corresponding aniline d3-15, specifically deuterated in the 1′-methyl group, was irradiated in methanol, a mixture of trans- and cis-d3-34, and of erythro- and threo-d3-35 was obtained. Successive dehydrogenation of the mixture of cis/trans-d3-34 by Pd/C in boiling xylene and by MnO2 in boiling benzene lead to the corresponding indole d3-36 (cf. Scheme 9), the 1H- and 2H-NMR. spectra of which showed that both cis-d3- and trans-d3-34 had bound the deuterium labeled methyl group exclusively at C(3). The 1H- and 2H-NMR. analyses of the separated methanol addition products revealed that erythro-d3-35 contained the deuterium label to at least 95% in the methyl group at C(1′), and threo-d3-35 to 50% in CH3—C(1′) and to 50% in CH3—C(2′) (cf. Scheme 9). To confirm these results 2-(1′-ethylallyl)aniline (16) was irradiated in methanol, whereby a complex mixture of at least 6 products was obtained (cf. Scheme 11). Two products were identified as trans- and cis-3-ethyl-2-methylindoline (trans- and cis-37). The four other products represented erythro- and threo-2-(1′-ethyl-2′-methoxypropyl)aniline (erythro- and threo-39) as major components, and erythro- and threo-2-(2′-methoxy-1′-methylbutyl)aniline (erythro- and threo-40). These results clearly demonstrate that the methanol addition products must arise from spirodienimine intermediates of the type of trans-9 and cis-11 (R1 = CD3 or C2H5, R2 = CH3 or H; Scheme 2) which are opened solvolytically with inversion of configuration by methanol. Thus, cis-11 (R1 = CD3, R2 = CH3) must lead to a 1:1 mixture of threo-13 and threo-14 (i.e.) a 1:1 distribution of the deuterium labelled methyl group between C(1′) and C(2′) in threo-35) The formation of erythro-d3-35 with at least 95% of the deuterium label in the methyl group at C(1′) indicates that trans-9 (R1 = CD3, R2 = CH3) reacts with methanol regioselectively (〉 95%) at the C(2), C(3) bond. Similarly, the formation of the methanol addition products in the photoreaction of 16 (Scheme 11) can be explained. Since the indolines, formed in both photoreactions, show no alteration in the position of the subsituent at C(1′) with respect to the starting material we suppose that the diradical 7 (R1 = CD3 or C2H5, R2 = CH3 or H; Scheme 2) is a common intermediate which undergoes competetive 1.3 and 1.5 ring closure yielding the spirodienimines and the indolines.This conception is supported by irradiation experiments with N, 3,5-trimethyl-2-(1′-methylally)aniline (17) and 2-(2′-cyclohexenyl)-N-methylaniline (18) in methanol. In the former case the formation of spirodienimines is hindered by the methyl group at C(3) for steric reasons, thus leading to a ratio of the indoline to the methoxy compounds of about 6.3 as compared with ca. 1.0 for 15 (cf. Scheme 12). On the other hand, no methoxy compounds could be detected in the reaction mixture of 18 (cf. Scheme 13) which indicates that in this case the 1.3 ring closure cannot compete with the 1.5 cyclization in the corresponding cyclic diradical of the type 7 (R1-C(1′)-C(2′) is part of a six-membered ring; Scheme 2).We suppose that the diradicals of type 7 are formed by proton transfer in an intramolecular electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) complex arising from the excited single state of the aniline chromophor and the allylic side chain. This idea is supported by the fluorescence specta of 2-allylated N-methylanilines (cf. Fig.1-4) which show pronounced differences with respect to the corresponding 2-alkylated anilines. Furthermore, the anilines 18 and 20 when irradiated in methanol in the presence of an excess of trans-1,3-pentadiene undergo preferentially an intermolecular addition to the diene, thus yielding the N-(1′-methyl-2′-butenyl)anilines 52 and 51, respectively (Scheme 15), i.e. as one would expect the diene with its low lying LUMO is a better partner for an EDA complex than the double bond of the allylic side chain.
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    Macrocyclic Ring Closure of OH-assisted Prins Reaction. A new and efficient synthesis of (R,S)-muscone (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2673-2680 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new strategy for the synthesis of muscone (1) using the OH-assisted Prins reaction for macrocyclic ring closure has been developed. The monoacetal 4 of (Z,E)-4,8-dodecadienedial (3), easily obtainable from (Z,E,E)-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene (2), is treated with methallylmagnesium chloride, and the resulting C16-precursor 5 is subjected to acid-catalyzed cyclization in dilute (≤1%) solutions. This results in formation of the bicyclic dihydropyran derivatives 6 which directly yield muscone (1) on heating with a noble metal catalyst saturated with hydrogen. The five-step pathway proceeds with readily available starting materials in conventional steps and excellent overall yield (∼40%). This new principle of macrocyclic ring formation has also been used successfully for the preparation of 3-methylcyclotridecanone (34) and should be generally applicable for other suitable ring systems.
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    2-Oxocephems. Synthesis and Properties of 7-Acylamino-2-oxocephem-4-carboxylic AcidsDedicated to the memory of Prof. R.B. Woodward (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2681-2694 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Notes: A synthesis of (6 R, 7 R)-7-acylamino-2-oxocephem-4-carboxylic acids from penicillins is reported based on the formation of the 2-oxocephem system in an intramolecular Wittig condensation. An interesting steric effect of the acylamino grouping on the course of this key step was used to advantage. Some physical and biological properties of this new type of Δ3-cephem are described.
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    Three New Chiral Aminoethers from Tartaric Acid for Improved Asymmetric Syntheses with Organolithium Reactions. Preliminary communication (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 2695-2698 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The chiral aminoethers 1-4, accessible from tartaric acid, are tested as complexing ligands in organolithium reactions. The tetramine 4 turns out to cause highest inductions [see Table 2 and Equations (1)-(4)].
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    Neue Wege zu 1H- und 2H-Pyrrolen (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 658-663 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: New Routes to 1H- and 2H-PyrrolesA synthesis of 1H-pyrroles is described starting with pyridine analogues of chalcones and involving the reaction of acetic anhydride with 1-pyrroline-1-oxides. Another route leads from 1-pyrrolines to 2 H-pyrroles via bromination with N-bromosuccinimide and subsequent dehydrobromination in dimethylformamide.
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    Dérivés diglycosyliques. Communication préliminaireUne communication plus détaillée paraîtra ultérieurement. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 894-898 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Diglycosyl Derivatives. Preliminary communicationNovel types of diglycosyl compounds, some of them bearing a resemblance to natural di- or tri-saccharides are described: a diglycosyldiyne (1), a diglycosylthiophene (2), a diglycosylaziridine (3), a diglycosyldioxolane (4), as well as six C,N-diglycosylnitrones, 9b-9f and 14. These C,N-diglycosylnitrones, on treatment with an acetylenic Grignard reagent, led to the expected acetylenic diglycosyl-hydroxylamine 11, whereas diglycosylisoxazolines (f. ex. 10) were obtained when these nitrones underwent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to acetylenic compounds.
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    Cob (I)alamin als Katalysator 4. Mitteilung. Reduktion von α,β-ungesättigten Nitrilen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 882-893 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Cob(I)alamin as Catalyst. 4. Communication. Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated NitrilesUsing catalytic amounts of cob (I)alamin and an excess of metallic zinc as source of electrons 1-naphthonitril (5) has been reduced to (1-naphthyl)methylamin (6) and in small amounts to (1-naphthyl)methanol (7) and (1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)methanol (8) (5 ½ h, CH3COOH/H2O; s. Scheme 3). Starting from cyclododecylideneacetonitrile (15) similar conditions (68 h, CH3COOH/H2O) produced the amines 16-19 as well as the nitrogen free saturated aldehyde 20, the corresponding allylic alcohol 21 and the saturated derivative 22 (s. Scheme 6). It is deduced that the first attack of cob (I)alamin on an α,β-unsaturated nitrile might occur on both the nitrile dipole as well as on the carbon atom in β-position. Cob (I)alamin in aqueous acetic acid saturates the isolated double bonds in allylic alcohols and amines. In a slow reaction the two different aromatic rings of (1-naphthyl)methanol (7) have been reduced giving the corresponding tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives 8 and 12, and in one case the production of the octahydroderivative 14 has been observed in a low yield (s. Scheme 5).
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    Erratum (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 681-681 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19800630317
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    Nucleophilic addition to C,C double bonds. IIIFor Part I, see [1]; for Part II, see [2].. Chemical reactivity of 1endo, 4endo: 5exo, 8exo-dimethano-1,2,3,4,4a,5,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-10syn-ol and X-ray structure analysis of its p-nitrobenzoate (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 63 (1980), S. 674-681 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title compound 1 is a further example of an olefinic alcohol that undergoes ether formation under basic conditions (→ 3) although the double bond is not activated by an electron-attracting group. This unusual reactivity is due to steric compression, which is increased in the 10-methyl analogue 2. This forms the corresponding ether 7 at a much higher rate. - In a deuteriated medium, base-catalysed cyclization of 1 gives the exo-deuteriated ether 6, corresponding to trans-addition. - An X-ray structure analysis of 4, the p-nitrobenzoate of 1, is presented.
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    Electronic Properties and Optical Activity of Oligopeptides. III. Some cyclohexapeptides with glycine, L- and D-alanineDedicated to Professor André Dreiding for his 60th anniversary (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 921-931 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The wavelength range of the CD. spectra of some cyclohexapeptides containing different sequences of glycine, L- and D-alanine is extended down to 170 nm. This allows a relatively complete recording of the (n - π*) and (π° - π*) Cotton effects. Some striking spectral changes are observed on going from one molecule to another. The relative influence of L- and D-alanyl residues is discussed: Some spectra may be qualitatively related to each other by considering the effect of an L-residue at position q in the ring to cancel partially with the effect of a D-residue at position q ± 3. Assuming these cyclopeptides to occur in a hydrogen-bonded pleated sheet structure, certain dominant changes in the spectra are interpreted as reflecting a transition of the overall backbone conformation from one which is closer to the (optically inactive) symmetry Ci to another which is closer to the (optically active) symmetry C2. An attempt is made to relate the influence of L- and D-substituents within hairpin bends of the pleated sheet structure to an amide sector rule.
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    Analogues de la lincomycine. I. Allongement de la chaîne du di-O-isopropylidène-1,2:3,4-α-D-galacto-hexodialdopyrannose-1,5Une partie de ce travail a fait l'objet d'une communication à la “XVth Conference of Pharmaceutical Sciences” Le Caire, Décembre 1977. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1632-1639 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Lincomycin analogues. I. Chain-extensions of [1,2:3,4]-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galacto-hexodialdo-1,5-pyranoseThe title aldehydosugar 1 treated with Wittig reagents led in good to excellent yields to the unsaturated sugar derivatives 3-7 and 10-15, 8 having been prepared by condensation of 1 with malonic acid. The configuration (Z or E) of each compound obtained has been established by 1H-NMR. These chain-extensions constitute the first synthetic step towards the preparation of lincomycin analogues.
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    Photochemische Reaktionen. 105. Mitteilung [1]. Zur Photochemie optisch aktiver λ, δ-Epoxy-enone: Racemisierung und Cyclisierung von (-)-4-Methyliden-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-jonon und (-)-4-Oxo-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-jonon (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1668-1676 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photochemistry of optical active λ, δ-epoxy-enones. Racemization and cyclization of (-)-4-methylidene-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-ionone and of (-)-4-oxo-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-iononeUV.-irradiation (λ ≥ 347 nm as well as λ = 254 nm) converts the conjugated λ, δ-epoxy-enones (-)-2 and (-)-4 by cleavage of the C,C-oxirane bond to an intermediate ketonium ylide f which cyclizes giving the racemic starting materials. The degree of racemization depends on the length of the irradiation time.The formation of the optical active products (-)-3 and (+)-5 in these irradiations gives evidence, that the photocyclization of (-)-2 und (-)-4, respectively, is a one step reaction of a state g.
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    Photochemische Reaktionen. 104. Mitteilung [1]. Zur Photospaltung der C,C-Oxiranbindung konjugierter γ, δ-Epoxy-enone: Photolyse von 4-Methyliden-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-jononHerrn Prof. Edgardo Giovannini zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1645-1667 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The photoinduced cleavage of the C,C-oxirane bond of γ, δ-epoxy-enones: UV.-irradiation of 4-methylidene-5,6-epoxy-5,6-dihydro-β-iononeOn 1n, π*-excitation (λ ≥ 347 nm, pentane) 5 gives the isomeric bicyclic ether 10 in 75% yield (s. Scheme 2). In methanol the photoconversion of 5 to 10 is strongly reduced (12%) in favour of the formation of the methanol adduct 11 (43%). On photolysis in aqueous acetonitrile 5 is converted to the bicyclic ether 10 (9%), the dihydrofurane 12 (18%) as well as to the triketones 13A and 13B (7%), and 14 (23%).On 1π, π*-excitation (λ = 254 nm) in pentane no 10 is formed, but 5 isomerizes to the tricyclic cyclopropyl compound 16 (59%), the allenic product 17 (10%), and the cyclopropene compound 18 (12%; s. Scheme 3). Photolysis in methanol furnishes 11 (63%), and 18 (4%), but no tricyclic cyclopropyl compound 16. In a secondary photoreaction (λ = 254 nm) the dihydrofurane 12 is isomerized to the bicyclic cyclopropyl compound 20.Evidence is given that the products 11 and 13 are formed by solvent addition to an intermediate ketonium ylide b (s. Scheme 12). The presence of b is further proven by the formation of 12, a product of an electrocyclization of b. On photofragmentation of b carbenoids d and e are presumably formed (s. Scheme 14). 1,2-Hydrogen shift in d yields the allene derivative 17, and cyclization of d gives the cyclopropene compound 18. On the other hand, e cyclizes to the non isolated cyclopropene compound 69 which is transformed to 16 by an intramolecular [4 + 2]-cycloaddition.The present investigation shows that the photochemistry of 5 is determined by photoinduced C,C-bond cleavage of the oxirane ring. This is in sharp contrast to the photochemistry of conjugated γ, δ-epoxy-enones without the additional double bond in ε, ζ-position, where selective photocleavage of the C(λ), O-bond is observed.
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    Masthead (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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    Enantioselektive 1,2-Additionen von Li-, Mg-, Zn- und Cu-organischen Verbindungen und von Li-Enolaten an Carbonylverbindungen im chiralen Medium DDBDDB = 1,4-Dimethylamino-2,3-dimethoxybutan (= 2,3-Dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butandiamin). (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1701-1709 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantioselective 1,2-addition of Li-, Mg-, Zn-, and Cu-organic compounds and of Li-enolates to carbonyl derivatives in the chiral medium DDBDDB = 1,4-Dimethylamino-2,3-dimethoxybutan (= 2,3-Dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butandiamin).The (+)-enantiomer of the methoxyamine DDB is used as a chiral cosolvent in the title reactions. As evident from the results listed in the table, enantiotopic faces are generally differentiated with preferences ranging from 55:45 to 60:40.
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    Polar Substituent Effects in the Solvolysis of Acyclic Tertiary Chlorides Polar Effects VI (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1736-1744 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The influence of twenty substituents R on the solvolysis rates and products of tertiary chlorides R - CH2CH2C(CH3)2Cl (7) has been studied. H, CH3, (CH3)2NCH2, ClCH2, Cl, CN and NO2 exert an inductive effect only, as the good correlation of the rates with the corresponding inductive substituent constants σIq shows. Bulkier alkyl groups, i.e. isopropyl and t-butyl, lower the rate due to a Baker-Nathan effect, while the n-electron donors CH3S, CH3O, HO and (CH3)2N and the σ-electron donors (CH3)3Sn and HOCH2 cause rate increases based on σIq constants. These accelerations are attributed to C,C-hyperconjugative and inductomeric effects which arise in the transition state for ionization. A comparison of the reactivity of the acyclic chlorides 7 and the corresponding 1-R-substituted 3-bromoadamantanes 1a shows that polar substituent effects are more strongly transmitted in the rigid bicyclic compounds 1a than in the flexible acyclic compounds 7.
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    On the Position of the Intramolecular Equilibrium between Opened and Aromatic-Ring Stacked Forms in Ternary Complexes Composed of Adenosine 5′-triphosphate, Mg2+ or Zn2+, and L-Tryptophanate, and in Related Ternary SystemsPart XXXII of the series ‘Ternary Complexes in Solution’; for part XXXI see [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1723-1735 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The intramolecular and dimensionless equilibrium constant, K′, for the equilibrium between open and aromatic-ring stacked isomers of ternary complexes formed between adenosine 5′-triphosphate, inosine 5′-triphosphate, or uridine 5′-triphosphate, Mg2+ or Zn2+, and L-tryptophanate, 2,2′-bipyridyl (bipy), or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) have been estimated by 1H-NMR. shift measurements in D2O (I = 0.1M, NaNO3; 27°). The approximate equilibrium constants K′ are ≥ 20, ≥ 20, 1.2, 0.9, 0.7, 0.5, and 0.3 for the ternary complexes Zn (phen) (ATP)2-, Mg (phen) (ATP)2-, Zn (bipy) (ATP)2-, Zn (bipy) (ITP)2-, Zn (bipy) (UTP)2-, Zn (trp) (ATO) 3-, and Mg (trp) (ATP)3-, respectively. The percentages of the stacked isomers decrease in the order Zn (phen) (ATP)2- (≥ 95%) ≫ Zn (bipy) (ATP)2- (55%) 〉 Zn (bipy) (ITP)2- (48%) 〉 Zn (bipy) (UTP)2- (∼ 40%), which coincides with the order of stability of the binary metal-free adducts (phen) (ATP)4- 〉 (bipy) (ATP)4- ≃ (bipy) (ITP)4- 〉 (bipy) (UTP)4-; the corresponding stability constants are KABA = 28.2 ± 4.7, 8.1 ± 2.6, 8.8 ± 1.8, and ∼ 1 (M-1), respectively (D2O; I = 0.1 M, NaNO3; 27°): these series reflect the decreasing size of the aromatic-ring systems forming the stacks. The indole moiety of tryptophan resembles 2,2′-bipyridyl rather than 1,10-phenanthroline and K(trp)(ATP)(trp) = 6.2 ± 1.8 M-1 for (trp) (ATP)4-. Implications with respect to the stability of ternary complexes, and to biological systems are indicated briefly.
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    Strukturelle Abwandlungen am Vitamin D3. 3. Mitteilung [1]. Synthese und eigenschaften von SO2-addukten des (5Z)- und (5E)-vitamins D3 (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1763-1769 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Structural Modifications of Vitamin D3. Synthesis and Properties of the SO2-Adducts with (5Z)- and (5E)-Vitamin D3Treatment of (5Z)- and (5E)-vitamin D3 (4) with sulfur dioxide yields each quantitatively the cyclic sulfones 1a and 1b. Thermally induced elimination of sulfur dioxide leads to either isotachysterol3 (3) alone or mixtures of isotachysterol3 (3) and isovitamin D3 (2). On the other hand the extrusion of SO2 can be brought about by means of KOH/CH3OH or on an alumina surface affording (5E)-vitamin D3 (4). On treatment with CD3UD/tBuOK/D2O 1a and 1b are transformed (5E)-6, 19, 19′-trideuteriovitamin D3 (4a).
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    Conformations of the 10-membered Ring in 5, 10-Secosteroids. IIPart I: [1]Part XV in the series ‘Synthesis, Structure and Reactions of Secosteroids Containing a medium-sized Ring’. Part XIV: [2].. (E)-3α-Acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholesten-5-one and (E)-5, 10-seco-1 (10)-cholestene-3, 5-dione (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1770-1784 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: (E)-3α-Acetoxy-5, 10-seco-1(10)-cholesten-5-one (3) was synthesized by fragmentation of 3α-acetoxy-5α-cholestan-5-ol (1) using the photochemical version [3] of the lead tetraacetate reaction [4], and transformed into the corresponding 3-oxo-compound (5). Two conformations (A2α and B1α) were deduced for the 10-membered ring of 3 by analysis of the 1H- and 13C-NMR. spectra in toluene. The major conformation (A2α) corresponds to that found in the solid state by X-ray analysis. According to its NMR. spectra in toluene, the medium-sized ring of the diketone 5 exists also predominantly in two conformations, the major one being analogous to A1β (the solid-state conformation of the 3β-acetoxy isomer (9) [1]) and the minor one to A2α (see above). The stereochemistry of the acidcatalyzed and thermal cyclisations of 3 as well as of the corresponding 5-oxime is discussed in terms of conformational factors.
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    Crystal Structures of the (-)-DIOP Complexes of Nickel, Palladium and Platinum Dichloride (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1016-1024 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of PdCl2[(-)-DIOP], PtCl2[(-)-DIOP] and of NiCl2-[(-)-DIOP] have been determined by X-ray analysis and refined by least-squares methods [(-)-DIOP=(-)-2,2-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)-1,3-dioxolane]. The coordination around the nickel atom is tetrahedral, the coordination around palladium and platinum is square planar. The unit cell of the palladium complex contains two non-equivalent molecules with different conformations of the seven-membered chelate ring involving the metal and the two phosphorus atoms. PtCl2[(-)-DIOP] is isostructural with the corresponding palladium complex.
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    1H-NMR.-spektroskopische Bestimmung der Enantiomerenreinheit von Allencarbonsäureestern mit optisch aktiven Europium-VerschiebungsreagenzienHerrn Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. A.S. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1025-1039 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H-NMR. Spectroscopic Determination of Enantiomeric Purities of Allenic Esters Using Optically Active Europium Shift ReagentsThe racemic allenic methyl esters 3--7 and the racemic allenic diesters 8--10 (cf. Scheme 2) in 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (TCFE) and CCl4 in the presence of optically active tris[3-(heptafluorobutyryl)-(+)-camphorato]europium(III) (Eu(hfc)3) have induced unlike 1H-NMR. shift differences (ΔΔδ) for the protons of the methoxycarbonyl groups of their enantiomers. In some allenic esters the shift reagent causes additional separation of resonance signals; thus, further substituents on the allenic framework may be differentiated in the racemic mixture. This finding provides a widely applicable method for the determination of absolute enantiomeric purities of allenic esters and their corresponding acids. Accordingly we found for optically pure (+)-(S)-2-methyl-2,3-pentadienoic acid ((+)-(S)-13; cf. Fig. 2) a calculated [α]58920 value of + 73.3 ± 1.8°. Finally, the substituent effects on ΔΔδ-values (cf. Table 1--3) are discussed.
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    Stereospezifische Fragmentierungen in den Massenspektren von Cyclohexandiaminen und Bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexanen. 33. Mitteilung über massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen32. Mitt. s. [1].,Teil der Dissertation von H.S., Universität Zürich.,Herrn Prof. Dr. A. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1065-1078 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Stereospecific Fragmentations in the Mass Spectra of Cyclohexanediamines and Bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexanesThe mass spectral behaviour, especially loss of NH3, of the six isomeric cyclohexanediamines 1--3 (cis and trans each, Scheme 1) as well as of the six isomeric bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexanes 4--6 (cis and trans each, Scheme 6) has been investigated. The cis- and trans-compounds of the 1,2-isomers 1 and 4 show very similar spectra, because of the ease of ring cleavage at C(1)--C(2) and the similar geometrical relations in all ring conformations. The cis- and trans-compounds of both the 1,3- and 1,4-isomers 2, 3, 5 and 6 show striking differences in their mass spectra due to stereospecific elimination of NH3 from the molecular ion.
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    Statistical Differentiation between Various Reaction Mechanisms: The Case of Heterolytic Dediazoniations of Arenediazonium IonsDediazoniation of Arenediazonium Ions in Homogeneous Solution, Part XIII. Part XII see [1].,Dedicated to two masters of using models in chemistry, A. Dreiding (Zurich) and P.B. Weisz (Princeton) on the occasion of their 60th birthdays (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1079-1088 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620416
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  • 91
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    Der massenspektrometrische Zerfall isomerer Diacetamido-cyclo-hexane, ihrer N-Phenäthyl-Derivate und Bis (acetamidomethyl)cyclohexane. 32. Mitteilung über massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen31. Mitt. s. [1].,Teil der Dissertation von H.S., Universität Zürich.,Herrn Professor Dr. A. Dreiding zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1040-1064 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Mass Spectral Decomposition of Isomeric Diacetamido-cyclohexanes, their N-Phenethyl-Derivatives and Bis(acetamidomethyl)cyclohexanesIn the mass spectra of the six isomeric diacetamidocyclohexanes 2--4 (cis and trans each, Scheme 2) as well as of the six isomeric bis(acetamidomethyl)cyclohexanes 6--8 (cis and trans each, Scheme 5) are clear differences between the constitutional isomers, whereas cis/trans isomers show very similar spectra. The lack of stereospecific fragmentations is explained by loss of configurational integrity of the molecular ion before fragmentation.However, the mass spectral fragmentation of epimeric diamidocyclohexanes becomes very stereospecific by the introduction of a phenethyl group on one of the nitrogen atoms: this group avoids epimerization of the molecular ion prior to fragmentation. In the N-phenethyl derivatives 10, 11, 13 and 14 (Scheme 8) the typical fragmentations of the cis-isomer after loss of ·C7H7 from the molecular ion are the elimination of CH2CO by formation of cyclic ions, and the loss of p-toluenesulfonic acid or benzoic acid, respectively, with subsequent elimination of CH3CN (Scheme 9). In the trans-isomer the typical fragmentations are the loss of the side chain bearing a tertiary nitrogen atom, and the elimination of the tosyl or benzoyl radical, respectively, with subsequent loss of CH3CONH2 (Scheme 10).
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  • 92
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    Metal complexes with macrocyclic ligands. XIIIPart XII, see [1].. The complexation of Cu2+ with triazacycloalkanesHerrn Prof. Dr. E. Giovannini zum 70. Geburtstag gewidmet (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1089-1096 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The potentiometric study of the complexation of Cu2+ with 1,4,7-triazacyclononane (1), 1,4,8-triazacyclodecane (2) 1,5,9-triazacyclododecane (3) has shown that CuL, CuL2 and (CuLOH)2 are the main species present in solution. Their stabilities (Table 1) and their absorption spectra (Table 2) indicate facial coordination of the cyclic triamines in a distorted octahedral geometry.The formation and dissociation kinetics have been measured by stopped-flow techniques. The formation in acetate buffer can be described by the reaction of Cu2+ and CuAcO+ with the monoprotonated species of the ligand. The bimolecular rate constants for these complexations (Table 3) decrease when the ring size increases. In contrast the dissociation induced by acid is only little affected by the ring size. Thus for these complexes the rate of formation and not that of the dissociation determines the overall stability.
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    The Absolute Configuration of Naturally Occurring (cis-6-Methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)acetic Acid, a Constituent of Civet (Viverra civetta)Supplement to [1]. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1096-1097 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absolute configuration of the title compound, a minor constituent of civet, is shown to be S,S.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620418
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  • 94
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    Synthèse de l'hydroxy-3β-méthano-22,23-nor-24-cholestène-5 pour comparaison avec le cystostérol (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1640-1644 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis of 22,23-methano-24-nor-cholest-5-en-3β-ol and comparison with cystosterol22,23-Methano-24-nor-cholest-5-en-3β-ol, a novel cyclopropane-containing sterol was synthesized from stigmasterol and found to be different from the isomeric, naturally occurring marine sterol cystosterol.
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    Synthesis and Properties of Some Spin Labeled Uridine and 2′-Deoxyuridine AnaloguesThis work was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Grant No. PCM 7801979. (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1677-1681 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The synthesis of the spin-labeled uridine and 2′-deoxyridine analogues RUGT 2, DUGT 3, l-RUGT 4, and l-DUGT 5 is described. DUGT 3 showed some activity against the leukemia P388 cell line.
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    Erratum (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1688-1688 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620536
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  • 97
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    Chemistry of Succinyl Succinic Acid Derivatives. Part VPart IV: [1].. On the transesterification of succinyl succinates (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1682-1687 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The unique stabilization of the ester link in dialkyl succinyl succinates is explained and a facile route to known as well as to hitherto inaccessible succinyl succinates is suggested. New representatives of this series are described.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620535
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    Mitteilungen (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1689-1690 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620537
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  • 99
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    Kinetics of Ethylene Oxidation on a Supported Silver Catalyst (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1689-1700 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The kinetics of ethylene oxidation by air over a supported silver catalyst were investigated in the temperature range 490-620 K. The reaction network was found to be triangular. Under virtually constant oxygen partial pressure (0.2 bar), the following rate relationships, (in mol g-1s-1) were found: (formulae in curved brackets denote partial pressures) where R is expressed in J · mol-1 · K-1.The given rate expressions are discussed in the framework of earlier kinetic investigations.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620602
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    Enantioselektive 1,4-Additionen von metallorganischen Verbindungen an konjugierte Systeme im chiralen Medium DDBDDB = 1,4-Dimethylamino-2,3-dimethoxybutan (= 2,3-Dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butandiamin). (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 62 (1979), S. 1710-1722 
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    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Enantioselective 1,4-additions of organometallic compounds to conjugated systems in the chiral medium DDBDDB = 1,4-Dimethylamino-2,3-dimethoxybutan (= 2,3-Dimethoxy-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,4-butandiamin).The chiral methoxyamine DDB is used as a cosolvent to add achiral Li-, Cu-, and Zn-organic compounds enantioselectively to prochiral β-carbon atoms of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, nitro compounds and ketene-thioacetals (Tables 1 and 2). The selectivity generally ranges from 55:45 to 63:27, in one case (9b) an enantiomeric excess of 43% was obtained.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19790620604
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