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  • Rat  (36)
  • Springer  (36)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1925-1929
  • 1983  (36)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (36)
  • PANGAEA
Years
  • 1980-1984  (36)
  • 1925-1929
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oral 1,25(OH)2D3: An effective prophylactic treatment for glucocorticoid osteopenia in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 107-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Glucocorticoid ; Vitamin D ; Osteoporosis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Eighty-eight adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a diet with either (a) 0.5% Ca and 0.6% P or (b) 0.01% Ca and 0.6% P. Osteopenia was created by adding prednisolone to the diet. The prophylactic effect of oral 1,25(OH)2D3 on the osteopenia was studied. It was found that prednisolone osteopenia in the rat was associated with defective Ca absorption. By giving an oral dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, it was possible to maintain normal Ca absorption during prednisolone treatment and to prevent the bone loss. No significant hypercalcemia or any kidney calcifications were seen. These results are in contrast to earlier findings, in which subcutaneous administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 failed to prevent prednisolone osteopenia because of its tendency to increase bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02405014
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freeze-fracture study of the rat parathyroid gland under hypo- and hypercalcemic conditions, with special reference to secretory granules (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 219-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Parathyroid ; Freeze-fracture ; Storage granule ; Exocytosis ; Endocytosis ; Discharged secretory granule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Freeze-fracture images of the parenchymal cells in the parathyroid gland of rats were observed after vitamin D2 plus calcium chloride-suppression and EGTA-activation of secretion. In cells of the suppressed glands, large bulges protruded from the Golgi cisternae, and large granules with a stalk, which are identified as storage granules, suggest that, during maturation, some storage granules may be connected by long tubules with the Golgi cisternae and supplied with secretory products from the Golgi cisternae via these tubules. In the activated glands, presumptive exocytotic and endocytotic specializations of intramembranous particles of the parenchymal cell plasma membrane were frequently observed. In addition, elevations and complementary shallow depressions of various shape and extent were occasionally encountered in the intercellular space. From their morphological characteristics it was concluded that these originated from secretory granule cores, which are discharged from the parenchymal cells into the intercellular space by exocytosis, and it was suggested that discharged granule cores may retain their spherical shape until they fuse to form a flat conglomerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204874
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical localization of TRH and autoradiographic determination of 3H-TRH-binding sites in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 475-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: TRH ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autoradiography ; Arcuate nucleus ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunocytochemical and autoradiographic localization of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)-and 3H-TRH-binding sites was studied in the arcuate nucleus-median eminence region of the rat. TRH-like immunoreactivity was found in dense granular vesicles (90–140 nm in diameter) in TRH-like immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals. In the median eminence, the immunoreactive terminals were observed to be in direct contact with the perivascular basal lamina of the portal vessel and to form synaptoid contacts with tanycytes. In the arcuate nucleus, the immunoreactive terminals were often found to form axosomatic and axo-axonic, and/or axo-dendritic synapses. The uptake of tritiated TRH into the nerve fibers and terminals of the median eminence was also observed by autoradiography and the distribution and localization of silver grains in them were analyzed quantitatively by circle analysis. Thirty minutes after intraventricular infusion of 3H-TRH, radioactive labeling occurred in type-2 and 3-nerve fibers and terminals containing dense granular vesicles in the median eminence. It is therefore suggested that the neurons labeled after 3H-TRH infusion possess certain functions as physiological recognition sites or receptors for TRH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211469
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regeneration of splenic tissue after autologous subcutaneous implantation: Homing of T- and B- and Ia-positive cells in the white pulp of the rat spleen (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 97-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Splenic implants ; Immunoperoxidase technique ; Lymphocyte homing ; Interdigitating cells ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The localization of T-and B lymphocytes and interdigitating cells (IDC) was investigated during the regeneration process of splenic implants. For this purpose a two-step immunoperoxidase technique was used to visualize T-cell antigen, immunoglobulins and Ia-antigen on cryostat sections. The specific localization of the repopulating lymphocytes occurred simultaneously with the development of non-lymphoid elements characteristic for the different compartments of the white pulp, i.e., the periarteriolar lymphocyte sheaths (PALS) and follicles. The marginal zone (MZ) developed after the PALS and primary follicles, but before germinal center reactions were found. During ontogeny, however, the development of a broad MZ precedes the formation of follicles. This difference in sequence of events is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217883
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular matrix vesicles in rat bone after parathyroidectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 451-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Bone matrix vesicles ; Parathyroid hormone ; Mineralization ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The enzymatic activity of bone matrix vesicles from parathyroidectomized rats was determined and compared to the activity of vesicles from sham operated and normal animals. The vesicles were isolated from the alveolar bone by collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation and further purified on a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. The amount of extractable protein and the activity of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and ATPase in the vesicle fractions thus obtained did not differ significantly from the values characteristic of preparations from control rats. It may therefore be suggested that parathyroid hormone depletion and the associated hypocalcemia have no significant effect on the occurrence and phosphatase activity of bone matrix vesicles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211467
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vacuoles in macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after injection of large doses of steroids (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 57-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Lymph node ; Steroid ; Reticular cell ; Macrophage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of macrophages and reticular cells of regional lymph nodes of the rat after administration of large doses of cortisone acetate, estrone, progesterone, and cholesterol in aqueous suspensions was investigated. A large number of vacuoles, most of which were surrounded by unit membrane, and lipid droplets not surrounded by unit membrane were observed in the cytoplasm of both macrophages and reticular cells. They were not seen in these cells of control animals and in experimental animals that had received smaller doses of these steroid hormones. After cholesterol injection, many lipid droplets were observed in the cytoplasm of macrophages. These observations suggest that steroids injected in suspension accumulate in macrophages and reticular cells of the regional lymph nodes. Electron-dense material was often present in vacuoles of macrophages but not in those of reticular cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216027
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depressive effect of LHRH on the numbers of “synaptic” ribbons and spherules in the pineal gland of diestrous rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 461-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: LHRH, effect of ; Pineal gland ; Synaptic ribbons ; Synaptic spherules ; Melatonin ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that LHRH or LHRH-like substances are present in the pineal gland. In order to investigate whether exogenous LHRH may affect the pineal gland, in the present study the effects of a single dose of LHRH (1 μg, i.p.) on pineal “synaptic” ribbons and spherules as well as serum melatonin levels were examined in diestrous Wistar rats. One hour after the injection both ribbons and spherules exhibited a statistically significant decrease in number. Serum melatonin levels were not affected. It is concluded that humoral feedback mechanisms may exist between the hypothalamus and the pineal gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214988
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 235-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pituitary gland ; S-100 protein ; Castration ; Thyroidectomy ; Postnatal development ; Immunocytochemistry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and associated cells were studied immunohistochemically throughout the life of male and female rats. The marginal layer cells of the pars distalis and intermedia as well as the folliculo-stellate cells were immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. The immunostained folliculo-stellate cells in one section were identified as themselves by their ultrastructural properties on the adjacent section. Corticotrophs, thyrotrophs and prolactin cells, characterized by the stellate shape, were not immunostained with anti-S 100 protein serum. Reactivity for S-100 protein appeared on postnatal Day 6 in the marginal layer cells of the pars intermedia, and appeared on Day 10 in those cells of the pars distalis. No immunostained folliculostellate cells appeared before Day 6, but a few of them appeared on Day 10. Thereafter they increased in number, having more intense immunostaining with advancing age. In castrated rats, the immunostained folliculo-stellate cells appeared quite numerously, with branched cytoplasmic processes surrounding the gonadotrophs. In the thyroidectomized rats, however, folliculo-stellate cells lacked ramified cytoplasmic processes, and their topographic affinity for thyrotrophs was negligible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222177
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometry of the small intestinal enterocytes of the fasted rat and the effects of colchicine (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 289-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Enterocytes ; Microtubules ; Colchicine ; Cell membrane ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The function of the microtubules that are present in the villus enterocytes of the mammalian small intestine is virtually unknown. In order to advance our knowledge about enterocyte microtubules, a quantitative ultrastructural comparison was carried out on enterocytes from rats injected intraperitoneally with colchicine (0.5 mg/100 g body weight) in saline and from rats injected with saline alone. Our morphometric and stereologic study demonstrates that colchicine treatment results in 1) an absolute decrease in microtubules, 2) a reduction in microvilli, essentially in length, 3) an increased thickness of the terminal web, 4) an increase in total lysosomal volume, apparently by an increased number of smaller lysosomes, and 5) a decrease in the number of Golgi lamellae. These results along with those from other studies suggest to us that enterocyte microtubules are involved in the biogenesis of microvillus plasma membrane. Our morphometric data from the saline-treated rats essentially agree with comparable data from other studies. However, comparison with comparable data from hamster enterocytes demonstrates species differences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222181
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexes of annulate lamellae and nemaline bodies in soleplate nuclei in skeletal muscle fibers of the normal rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Annulate lamellae ; Neuromuscular junction ; Muscles Cell nucleus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pseudointranuclear inclusions resulting from invaginations of the nuclear envelope, characteristic of myopathic muscles, were found in the soleplate nuclei of normal soleus muscles of rats. Such inclusions had annulate lamellae (AL), nemaline or rod bodies, lamellar structures, a concentric system of membranes, as well as tightly packed sarcoplasmic organelles. An accumulative origin of such included structures was suggested. The AL were sometimes connected directly to the outer membrane enclosing the inclusions, dilated into cisterns and positioned perpendicularly against the nuclear surface. AL, some of which were welldeveloped, were observed in the same loci as above during the course of denervation atrophy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222185
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural characteristics of vasopressin-containing neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 125-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Immunocytochemistry ; Electron microscopy ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Vasopressin-containing neurons, identified by immunocytochemistry, are located predominantly in the posterior magnocellular division of the paraventricular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus. By electron microscopy, the immunoreaction product is seen within the cell bodies and neuronal processes. In the perikarya and dendritic processes, the immunoreactive material is associated primarily with neurosecretory granules. Axonal processes, identified by their content of microtubules and accumulation of neurosecretory granules, show the immunoreaction product in association with both of these organelles. Afferent axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and putative axo-axonic synapses with immunostained vasopressinergic neurons can be identified. The presynaptic profiles do not contain immunoreactive material. This study contributes to the ultrastructural characterization of vasopressinergic neurons in the paraventricular nucleus and of their afferent synaptic input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217406
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of adrenalectomy and administration of hypertonic saline on the content of aldehyde fuchsin-positive neurosecretory material and posterior lobe hormones in the median eminence and the neural lobe of rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 127-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vasopressin ; Oxytocin ; Neurophysin ; Neurohypophysis ; Adrenalectomy ; Osmotic stress ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The influence of adrenalectomy and administration of hypertonic saline on the amount of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin contained in the median eminence and the neural lobe of rats was studied by means of the following methods: (i) morphometric and microphotometric analyses of aldehyde fuchsin-stained histological sections of the neurohypophysis; (ii) immunohistochemical demonstration of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin in the neurohypophysis, and (iii) radioimmunological measurement of vasopressin and oxytocin in extracts of the median eminence and the neural lobe. Adrenalectomy increases the amount of vasopressin and neurophysin in the external layer of the median eminence but does not change the content of oxytocin. It has no influence on the amount of vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin demonstrable in the inner layer of the median eminence and in the neural lobe two weeks after the operation. Hypertonic saline markedly diminishes the vasopressin, oxytocin, and neurophysin content of the inner layer of the median eminence and the neural lobe but reduces only slightly, if at all, the amount of vasopressin and neurophysin in the outer layer of the median eminence. The findings support the concept that osmotic stress reduces only the vasopressin and oxytocin content of the hypothalamus-neural lobe system and has no or only little influence on the vasopressin content of the outer layer of the median eminence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206271
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructure of the endometrial blood vessels during implantation of the rat blastocyst (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 269-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Uterus ; Implantation ; Blood vessels ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the blood vessels of the endometrium was analysed during implantation of the blastocyst in rats, at the time of appearance of the Pontamine Blue Reaction. Vessels from implantation sites and from interimplantation sites were compared. In vessels from implantation sites the endothelial cells showed fenestrations covered by diaphragms. In addition, small interruptions (gaps) between the endothelial cells were observed. These features were present in vessels larger than 5 μm in diameter and more than 100 μm away from the uterine epithelium, both in the mesometrial and antimesometrial wall of the endometrium. Vessels from interimplantation sites displayed neither fenestrations nor interruptions. The endothelial cells of the implantation sites displayed morphological signs of metabolic activation. These consisted of increased numbers of polyribosomes, well developed Golgi complexes and prominent nucleoli. The fenestrations and gaps in the vessel wall were interpreted as constituting the morphological basis for the increase in vascular permeability and the consequent edema which characterize the Pontamine Blue Reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214975
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capacity of fertilized ova from mature and middle-aged rats to undergo preimplantation development in vitro (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Preimplantation development ; Rat ; Age
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of ova collected from mated middle-aged rats (9–10 months of age) to undergo preimplantation development in vitro was compared to that of younger controls (3–4 months of age). The majority of ova from young rats underwent at least one cleavage division for every 24 h of the 96 h culture period. Seventy-two percent reached the morula/blastocyst stage at the termination of the culture. Aged ova had a reduced capacity to undergo preimplantation development in vitro with the number of fragmented and/or degenerated ova increasing after each day in culture. At the end of the culture period, 81.6% of the ova had degenerated. It is concluded that middle-aged rats ovulate defective ova and that these defective ova account, in part, for the preimplantation losses that characterize middle-aged rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00214986
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved demonstration of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells of rat carotid body after perfusion with glutaraldehyde fixative containing a high concentration of potassium (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 627-637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Carotid body ; Rat ; Glomus cells ; Exocytosis ; High ; K fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extensive secretion by exocytosis was demonstrated in the glomus (type I) cells of the adult rat after perfusion of carotid bodies with a potassium-rich (high K) glutaraldehyde fixative. Similar secretory profiles were very rare with a glutaraldehyde fixative containing a low concentration of potassium (low K). The increase in the incidence of exocytotic profiles in glomus cells with the high K fixative was highly significant, whereas no statistical difference could be observed in the incidence of coated pits with the different fixatives. Exocytotic profiles were characterized by the following features: (1) they predominated in non-synaptic regions, but were occasionally observed near synapses between two glomus cells; they were not observed near synapses between glomus cells and nerve terminals; (2) extruded electron-dense material associated with coating of the cell membrane was frequent; (3) different stages of dissolution of the extruded granule material was evident. The possible role of exocytosis as a mode of secretion in the glomus cells and the characteristics of the new high K-glutaraldehyde fixative are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00207702
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological studies on neuroglia (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 229 (1983), S. 85-95 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Amoeboid microglial cells ; Brain macrophages ; Immunohistochemistry ; Macrophage antiserum ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunohistochemical studies with the use of the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) method revealed that “amoeboid microglial cells”, in the brains of neonatal rats and “brain macrophages” in lesioned brains of adult rats react positively to an antiserum raised against macrophages. In brains of neonatal rats, “amoeboid microglial cells” stained by means of the PAP-method were observed in the corpus callosum, internal capsule, dorso-lateral region of the thalamus, subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle, and the subependymal layer of the ventricular system. These cellular elements were not detected in brains of rats aged 21 days or older. Resting microglial cells displaying a typical ramified structure were not specifically stained. Cells reacting positively to the macrophage antiserum appeared (i) in the cerebral cortex of adult rats following placement of a stab wound, or (ii) in the hippocampal formation after kainic acid-induced lesions; in the damaged areas immunoreactive cells exhibited the typical features of “brain macrophages”. “Brain macrophages” and “amoeboid microglial cells” are considered to belong to the class of exudate macrophages derived from blood monocytes. Thus, elements of hematogenous origin do exist in the intact brain parenchyma of neonatal rats and in lesioned brains of adult rats. The relationship between brain macrophages and resting microglial cells is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217882
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cell coat of the olfactory epithelium proper and vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat as revealed by means of the Ruthenium-red reaction (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Vomeronasal neuroepithelium ; Olfactory epithelium proper ; Cell coat ; Ruthenium red ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The apical cell coat of the olfactory epithelium proper and the vomeronasal neuroepithelium of the rat was investigated electronmicroscopically by means of the Ruthenium-red reaction. In the olfactory epithelium proper, the cilia of receptor cells and microvilli of supporting cells possess a cell coat measuring approximately 10 nm in thickness. In the vomeronasal neuroepithelium, the apical cell coat is thicker than in the olfactory epithelium proper. On microvilli of vomeronasal receptor cells the cell coat varies in thickness from 15 to 20 nm, and on microvilli of supporting cells it measures approximately 75 nm. The functional implications of these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216034
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of melatonin on the process of protein and/or peptide secretion in the pineal gland of the rat and hamster (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 231 (1983), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Melatonin ; Pineal protein secretion ; Rat ; Hamster
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The hypothesis that melatonin (aMT) is implicated in the regulation of the secretory process involved in the synthesis and release of protein/peptide “hormones” of the pineal organ has been tested in the present study by the use of an in vitro system in two mammalian species. In these species the secretory process studied is characterized by either large (hamster) or very small (rat) numbers of granular vesicles. In both species, aMT clearly participates in the regulation of the process of protein/peptide secretion. However, the effect of aMT varies with the presence of noradrenaline (NA) in the medium and is not identical in both species. Melatonin, in the absence of NA, induces the formation of granular vesicles by the Golgi apparatus in pinealocytes of the rat but not in those of the hamster, while in the presence of NA, aMT provokes a decrease in the number of these vesicles in both species. The present experiments show (i) that the pineal is one of the target organs for aMT, and (ii) that aMT is implicated in the control of protein/ peptide secretion in the pineal organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00215775
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental study on the haematogenous origin of multinucleate osteoclasts in the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 125-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts, origin of ; Macrophages ; Sex chromatin (Barr body) ; Ossification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary When the resorption zones of the distal femoral and proximal tibial epiphyseal plates of rats are examined with the electron microscope, numerous macrophages can be seen surrounding degenerated chondrocytes. Macrophages are also found in the neighbourhood of the invading sinusoids and in close proximity to multinucleate osteoclasts. Cell fusion, however, could not be observed. Repeated transfusions of female leukocytes to isohistogeneic growing male rats caused an increase in the number of nuclei containing a Barr body in the osteoclasts of the males. The result suggests that leukocytes — of which only the monocytes come in question — are the source of multinucleate osteoclasts in endochondral ossification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222237
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrograde axoplasmic transport of neurosecretory material (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Retrograde transport ; Neurosecretory material ; Neurosecretory granules ; Hypothalamo-neurohypophyseal neurons ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The axonal transport of neurosecretory material was studied in neurosecretory axons of the supraoptico-posthypophyseal system after in-situ transection of the median eminence. Two hours, 8 h, and 18 h after the lesion, both vasopressin and oxytocin antibodies revealed progressive accumulations of immunoreactive material not only in the proximal but also in the distal stumps of the transected axons. The electronmicroscopic examination of these axonal portions revealed that such intense immunopositive labelings could be correlated, in both stumps, to a conspicuous accumulation of neurosecretory granules. It is concluded that, under normal physiological conditions, a significant amount of axoplasmic neurosecretory material is transported in retrograde direction and that such a retrograde transport mainly involves neurosecretory granules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222242
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  • 21
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    Bone morphology of weanling rats from dams subjected to fluoride (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 689-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Fluoride ; Progeny ; Bone ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Femurs of weanling rats from third-pregnancy litters of dams given 150 ppm fluoride in the drinking water were examined by light- and scanning-electron microscopy. Under the conditions of the experimental procedure, no pathological changes were seen in the femurs as a result of maternal ingestion of fluoride. These results indicate that the amount of fluoride crossing the placenta and mammary gland was insufficient to produce significant morphological changes in the bones of 3-week-old rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212235
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  • 22
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    The meningeal compartments of the median eminence and the cortex (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 228 (1983), S. 597-640 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Meningeal compartments ; Median eminence ; Cortex ; CSF-and hemal milieu ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The intervascular segments of the leptomeninges of the rat were studied by the use of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in short-term experiments. HRP was injected (i) intravenously, (ii) into the lateral ventricle, (iii) into the cortex, and (iv) into the meninges. The composition of the meninges covering the median eminence (ME) was analyzed in comparison to the results obtained with the parietal cortex. The meninges covering the cortex show the following pattern of layers and compartments: The intercellular compartment comprises the intercellular clefts of the neuropil, the subpial space, and the intercellular clefts of the leptomeninges. The pial space establishes a second compartment. The third compartment is the arachnoid space. The intercellular clefts of the dura form the fourth compartment. At the border of the ME, the neurothelium and the outer arachnoid layer are rolled up to form a tissue frame around a hollow pit that is covered by a diaphragm consisting of meningeal cells; the latter separate the hemal milieu of the ME from that of the dura. The hemal and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) milieus may communicate to a limited extent only within the subpial space adjacent to the ME. The CSF-containing compartments of the pial and arachnoid spaces terminate at the brain-facing insertion of the tissue frame. According to the present results, an anatomical basis for a short-loop feedback from and to the neurohemal region of the ME via the CSF does not exist.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211479
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    Immunohistochemical identification of neurons containing corticotropin-releasing factor in the rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF neurons ; Hypothalamus ; Immunohistochemistry ; PAP ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A specific rabbit anti-CRF serum and the immunoperoxidase technique were used to show that CRF-containing neurons are mainly distributed in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. In addition, immunoreactive neurons are scattered in other hypothalamic regions. These neurons are 20–30 μm in diameter. From the present and previous investigations it may be concluded that the hypothalamic magnocellular nuclei, i.e., paraventricular and supraoptic, and other hypothalamic accessory nuclei, are the producing sites not only for vasopressin and oxytocin, but also for corticotropin-releasing factor.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213802
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  • 24
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    Ultrastructural changes rapidly induced by somatostatin may inhibit prolactin release in estrogen-primed rat adenohypophysis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 21-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Somatostatin ; Estrogen priming ; Adenohypophysis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Apart from the known hypothalamic controls, which have been well documented, a myriad of compounds both endogenous and exogenous have proved effective in influencing secretion of prolactin (PRL). Recent studies have shown that somatostatin (SRIF), when injected intra-atrially as a bolus, is able to inhibit PRL secretion in vivo. However, the inhibitory effect of SRIF occurs only in adenohypophyses previously primed with estradiol. This research was undertaken to examine the ultrastructural effects of that inhibition using male Sprague-Dawley rats primed for three weeks with subcutaneous implants of estradiol. Within 2 min of injection of SRIF (1 mg/kg), the adenohypophyses were removed and processed for electron microscopy. We found dramatic changes in the estradiol-primed mammotrophs, including 1) an apparent rearrangement of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) into concentric cisternae, and 2) the appearance of intracellular bodies closely associated with granules. These changes were not observed in non-estradiolprimed male rats injected with SRIF which is consistent with the fact that in the normal male rats, SRIF failed to inhibit PRL secretion. These findings suggest that SRIF causes reorganization of cellular organelles so that PRL granules are sequestered thereby inhibiting secretion of PRL.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222371
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    Demonstration of a class of porphyrin-containing cells in the pars intermedia of the rat hypophysis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pars intermedia ; Rat ; Porphyrins ; Microspectrofluorometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells emitting orange-red autofluorescence have been found in the pars intermedia of aging rats. The fluorescence maximum of the emission is localized in an area of the spectrum where the most intense band maxima of porphyrins are located. The fluorescence fades when the excitation wavelength is about 400 nm, which is specific (Soret band) for the absorption spectra of porphyrins. The fluorescence is emitted by coarse inclusions in the cytoplasm of a few cells. These inclusions are also stainable with paraldehyde-fuchsin and exibit a high endogenous peroxidase activity. The inclusions observed have morphologic features similar to those of porphyrin-containing astrocytes from the periventricular area of the hypothalamus. The inclusion-bearing cells of the pars intermedia also contain debris that might be due to the phagocytic activity of these cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213785
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    Distribution and morphological characteristics of the pit cells in the liver of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 485-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Liver ; Pit cell ; Cytoplasmic granules ; Vesicles ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Pit cells, on which almost no further contributions have been presented since the first report by Wisse et al. (1976), are described in detail in the rat liver. These cells show several characteristic features: 1) “rod-cored vesicles”, a new type of vesicular inclusion observed first in our study; 2) electron-dense granules, which we consider to arise from multivesicular bodies by the accumulation of dense material; and 3) well-developed pseudopodia. Although these features clearly differentiate pit cells from conventional lymphocytes, these two cell types display similarities (i) in a number of ultrastructural features, (ii) in the pattern of their intralobular distribution, and (iii) in their presence in the spleen and peripheral blood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212219
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  • 27
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    Differences in the distributional pattern of CRF-, oxytocin-, and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers in the median eminence of the rat (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 247-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: CRF ; Oxytocin ; Vasopressin ; Immunohistochemistry ; Median eminence ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Conspicuous differences in the distributional pattern of nerve fibers containing corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or posterior lobe hormones, respectively, were shown in the median eminence of the adult male rat by means of immunoperoxidase histochemistry, with the use of anti-CRF, anti-oxytocin, and anti-vasopressin sera. In the rostral and central divisions of the median eminence, a high concentration of CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers was found in the median portion of the external layer; these fibers terminated on the capillary loops of the hypophysial portal system. In the caudal division of the median eminence, the CRF-immunoreactive nerve fibers were located in the median to paramedian portions of the external layer. Numerous oxytocin- and vasopressin-immunoreactive nerve fibers were observed evenly distributed throughout the internal layer of the median eminence. In the external layer, a small number of the oxytocin- and vasopressin-containing nerve fibers was found around the capillary loops, particularly in the median to paramedian portions. The distributional patterns of the CRF and the posterior lobe hormones in the hypothalamo-hypophysial system and their functional interrelationship are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213803
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    6-OHDA-induced ectopia of external granule cells in the subarachnoid space covering the cerebellum (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 309-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neural ectopia ; Cerebellum ; Granule cells ; Development ; 6-Hydroxydopamine ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The present report describes the genesis, development and topographical distribution of ectopic cells of the external granular layer in the subarachnoid space covering the rat cerebellum. Following one intracisternal injection to newborn rats of 100 μg 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), the meningeal cells degenerate and are removed by phagocytosis within 24 h post injection (p.i.), leaving the cerebellar cortex without a pia-arachnoid cover. Defects appear in the basal lamina investing the cerebellar cortex 3 to 5 days p.i., and both external granule cells and ‘sprouts’ from Bergmann-glia endfeet grow into the subarachnoid space. The latter form large, flat glial lamellae and cover extensive areas of the denuded cerebellar surface, although they do not form a glial scar over the exposed neuropil of the cerebellar cortex. The numbers of ectopic external granule cells increase within the subarachnoid space both by proliferation and a continuous efflux of cells from the cerebellar cortex. They migrate, aggregate, and ultimately develop into granule, stellate and basket cells, the morphology of which is indistinguishable from their counterparts in situ; they make specific afferent and efferent connections, both among themselves and with the underlying cerebellar cortex and brainstem. The distribution of ectopic external granule cells and their derivatives is restricted to the anterior vermal fissures and the vermal-hemispheric junctions. The present results indicate that external granule cells and their derivatives are capable of both differentiating normally and surviving in the subarachnoid space if they become associated with glial cells and establish synaptic connections.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213807
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    Evidence for protein absorption from the lumen of the seminiferous tubule and rete of the rat testis (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 367-375 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Rat ; Testis ; Protein ; Endocytosis ; Microperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary As luminal fluid moves from the seminiferous tubule and enters the rete testis, its protein concentration declines from approximately 6 mg/ml to 1 mg/ml. It was therefore suggested that protein is either 1) utilized by the spermatozoa, 2) transported across the epithelium of the terminal segment of the seminiferous tubule, the tubuli recti or rete testis, or 3) absorbed and degraded by the epithelium. Horseradish peroxidase (HRP), a protein marker, was microperfused into single seminiferous tubules or perfused directly into the rete. After fixation, the HRP was localized histochemically and the tissue observed under the light- and electron microscope. HRP was taken up via pinocytotic vesicles into the cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells and germ cells but did not permeate extracellularly beyond the tight junctions. Similar results were obtained in the cells lining the terminal segment and the tubuli recti. The rete epithelium showed uptake of HRP into coated and noncoated vesicles, while some cells additionally revealed diffuse cytoplasmic distribution of HRP. The terminal segment, tubuli recti, and rete testis may be important routes by which proteins may leave the testicular fluid either to be degraded or to enter the blood.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213810
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    Nerve fibers in the gut and pancreas of the rat displaying neuropeptide-Y immunoreactivity (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 487-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Neuropeptides ; Autonomic nervous system ; Gut innervation ; Neuropeptide Y ; Pancreatic polypeptide ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactive neuropeptide Y (NPY) was demonstrated in neuronal elements in the gut and pancreas of the rat. Immunoreactive endocrine cells could not be detected. The occurrence of NPY containing nerve-cell bodies in the submucosal and myenteric ganglia indicates an intrinsic origin of the NPY fibers. However, an additional extrinsic supply of NPY fibers is suggested by the finding that abdominal sympathectomy caused the disappearance of some NPY fibers, notably those around blood vessels. The distribution of NPY fibers in all layers of the gut wall suggests multiple functions of NPY, including a role in the regulation of intramural neuronal activities, smooth muscle tone, and local blood flow.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216194
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    Permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence during the perinatal period in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 649-660 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Capillaries ; Permeability ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary An electron microscopic study has been carried out in order to examine the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in the median eminence of perinatal rats. After several minutes, intravascularly injected electron-dense tracers (lanthanum nitrate; horseradish peroxidase, 40000 MW MW: molecular weight , ferritin, 500000 MW) pass the capillary wall, the perivascular space, and become incorporated into neurosecretory axons and basal processes of tanycytes both in fetuses and young rats. In the case of immature capillaries, the materials diffuse freely through the endothelial cells, and to a lesser extent are transferred via occasional plasmalemmal vesicles and fenestrae. As the maturation of capillaries proceeds, their permeability via plasmalemmal vesicles and fenestrae increases considerably due to a gradual rise of the number of these structures. The plasmalemmata of the differentiated endothelial cells become impermeable to all of the tracers. Only ionic lanthanum appears to penetrate through transendothelial channels and intercellular junctions between adjacent endothelial cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216208
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    Preliminary observations of satellite cells in undamaged fibres of the rat soleus muscle assaulted by a snake-venom toxin (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 230 (1983), S. 671-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Satellite cells ; Skeletal muscle ; Snake-venom toxin ; Muscle regeneration ; Electron microscopy ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Satellite cells were studied in the undamaged part of the rat soleus muscle rendered partially necrotic by a subcutaneous injection of notexin, the myotoxic toxin purified from the venom of the Australian snake Notechis scutatus scutatus. Nuclei of satellite cells were twice as numerous as in the controls, with a decreasing gradient in the number of satellite cells with distance from the necrotic area. The cells were in an activated state with an increased cytoplasmic volume and prominent organelles. Occasionally, mitosis of some satellite cells was observed. Between the satellite cell and the muscle fibre, an unusually wide space was frequently seen, within which a “new” basal lamina was often visible. It is suggested that the role of the satellite cells of undamaged muscle fibres in the regeneration of necrotic muscle is worthy of more detailed investigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216210
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    Ontogenetic studies on the topographical heterogeneity of somatostatin-containing neurons in rat hypothalamus (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 233 (1983), S. 347-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Development ; Somatostatin neuron ; Hypothalamus ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ontogeny of the somatostatin-containing neuron system was investigated by light-microscopic immunohistochemistry. During development, immunoreactive somatostatin-containing neurons arise from three discrete regions of the neuroepithelium of the third ventricle and show a chronological difference. The neurons are first evident within the third ventricle floor on day 12.5 of gestation; they move thereafter to the arcuate nucleus. The second generation occurs in the dorsal region of the arcuate nucleus during days 17.5–19.5; these neurons migrate sequentially into the arcuate-ventromedial nuclear region. The third generation is recognized in the neuroepithelial cell layer of the rostral hypothalamus on day 17.5 of gestation; these cells move to the periventricular area. This latter generation is most prominent during days 3–6 after birth, and some of the cells are seen sporadically even up to day 20. The first two generations give rise to the somatostatin neuron system in the arcuate-ventromedial nuclear region, while the latter gives rise to that in the rostral periventricular region in the adult rat hypothalamus.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238301
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    Sex differences in adrenocortical structure and function (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 232 (1983), S. 457-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Sex differences ; Adrenal cortex ; Rat ; Maturation ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary This paper reports a stereological study of the cellular aspects of development of the adrenal cortex of male and female rats in the course of maturation. Rats of the Wistar strain were studied at weekly intervals from day 21 to day 77 of postnatal life. From day 42 homogenates of adrenals from female rats produced more corticosterone than homogenates from males of corresponding age. In the strain of rats studied sex differences in adrenal weight appeared at about day 49. From this day onward relative, and subsequently absolute adrenal weights were higher in females than in males. In the course of maturation the total volume of all adrenocortical zones gradually increased. From day 70 the zona glomerulosa and from day 49 the zona fasciculata were larger in female than in male rats, while no distinct sex difference was observed in the volume of the zona reticularis. The appearance of sex-related differences in the adrenal cortex depends mainly on changes in the zona fasciculata, the cells of which markedly increased in volume in female rats by comparison with males. The total number of all adrenocortical cells increased from ca 13 million on day 21 to ca 25 million on day 77 and at all intervals studied adrenal glands of male and female rats contained a similar number of parenchymal cells.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00213800
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    Light- and electron-microscopic study on the maturation of the primary portal plexus during the perinatal period in rats (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 179-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Hypothalamo-hypophysial system ; Capillaries ; Ontogenesis ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The maturation of the capillaries of the primary portal plexus in rats during the perinatal period has been studied lightand electronmicroscopically. The number of capillaries covering the median eminence and of those invading the nervous tissue (capillary loops) increases significantly with age. Capillary loops were observed as early as the 18th fetal day. The mitotic divisions of the endothelial cells within the preexisting capillaries seem to be the main reason for the vascular growth. Immature capillaries with a characteristic narrow lumen are surrounded by a fuzzy basal lamina; their wall is formed by a generally expanded endothelium with rather sparse organelles and inclusions, and by minute flattened areas. The maturation of the capillary results in a progressive spread of flattened endothelium followed by an enlargment of the capillary lumen. Moreover, a rising concentration of organelles and inclusions, relatively numerous luminal microvilli, and a dense and uniform basal lamina become noticeable as capillary differentiation proceeds. These data are thought to reflect the progressive increase in the metabolic activity of the endothelium as well as the establishment of capillary patency during the perinatal period of rats.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217411
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    Morphometric investigations into the mechanism of the compensatory hypertrophy of the rat adrenal zona fasciculata after unilateral adrenalectomy (1983)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 234 (1983), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Adrenalectomy ; Hypophysectomy ; Compensatory adrenal growth ; Rat ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Compensatory hypertrophy of the remaining gland in unilaterally adrenalectomized rats was investigated by morphometric techniques. It was observed that compensatory adrenal growth occurred in both dexamethasone-treated and hypophysectomized rats, receiving maintenance doses of ACTH. However, it was only half that found in intact animals. These results support the view that activation of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis is not the unique mechanism underlying adrenal compensatory hypertrophy in the rat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218652
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