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  • Adult  (149)
  • Rabbits  (90)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (239)
  • Annual Reviews
  • 1980-1984  (239)
Collection
Keywords
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  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (239)
  • Annual Reviews
  • Springer  (4)
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Year
  • 1
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    Human sleep: its duration and organization depend on its circadian phase (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-12
    Description: Two- to threefold variations in sleep length were observed in 12 subjects living on self-selected schedules in an environment free of time cues. The duration of polygraphically recorded sleep episodes was highly correlated with the circadian phase of the body temperature rhythm at bedtime and not with the length of prior wakefulness. Furthermore, the rate of REM (rapid eye movement) sleep accumulation , REM latency, bedtime selection, and self-rated alertness assessments were also correlated with the body temperature rhythm.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Czeisler, C A -- Weitzman, E d -- Moore-Ede, M C -- Zimmerman, J C -- Knauer, R S -- AG-00792/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- GM-07365/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- MH-28460/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 12;210(4475):1264-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7434029" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Body Temperature ; *Circadian Rhythm ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep/*physiology ; Sleep, REM/physiology ; Wakefulness
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    L-Ornithine decarboxylase:an essential role in early mammalian embryogenesis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: The highly selective, enzyme-activated, irreversible inhibitor of L-ornithine decarboxylase, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine, suppresses the increase in uterine L-ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with early embryogenesis in the mouse and arrests embryonic development at that stage. Contragestational effects were confirmed in the rat and rabbit. An increase in L-ornithine decarboxylase activity that leads to a rapid increase in putrescine concentration appears to be essential during a critical period after implantation for continued mammalian embryonal growth.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fozard, J R -- Part, M L -- Prakash, N J -- Grove, J -- Schechter, P J -- Sjoerdsma, A -- Koch-Weser, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):505-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6768132" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase/metabolism ; Animals ; Carboxy-Lyases/*physiology ; Eflornithine ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Mice ; Ornithine/*analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase/*physiology ; Ornithine Decarboxylase Inhibitors ; Polyamines/metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Uterus/drug effects/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Interaction of laminae of the cingulate cortex with the anteroventral thalamus during behavioral learning (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-30
    Description: Neurons in deep laminae of the rabbit cingulate cortex develop discriminative activity at an early stage of behavioral discrimination learning, whereas neurons in the anteroventral nucleus of thalamus and neurons in the superficial cortical laminae develop such activity in a late stage of behavioral learning. It is hypothesized that early-forming discriminative neuronal activity, relayed to anteroventral neurons via the corticothalamic pathway, contributes to the construction of changes underlying the late-forming neuronal discrimination in the anteroventral nucleus. The resultant late discriminative activity in the anteroventral nucleus is then relayed via the thalamocortical pathway back to the superficial cortical laminae, promoting disengagement of cortex from further task-processing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gabriel, M -- Foster, K -- Orona, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 30;208(4447):1050-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375917" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Avoidance Learning/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cerebral Cortex/cytology/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/*physiology ; Gyrus Cinguli/*physiology ; Neural Pathways/physiology ; Rabbits ; Thalamus/*physiology ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    DNA polymerases in parasitic protozoans differ from host enzymes (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-02
    Description: Analysis of extracts of the bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei showed that both DNA polymerase-alpha and DNA polymerase-beta activities were present. The detection of DNA polymerase-beta in T. brucei demonstrates the presence of this enzyme in unicellular organisms. DNA polymerase-beta is present also in Leishmania mexicana. The DNA polymerases in T. brucei are immunologically distinct from the host enzymes. The structural differences between the parasite and the host enzymes could be exploited for the development of agents to combat parasitic diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chang, L M -- Cheriathundam, E -- Mahoney, E M -- Cerami, A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 2;208(4443):510-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chickens ; DNA Polymerase I/analysis ; DNA Polymerase II/analysis ; DNA Polymerase III/analysis ; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/*analysis ; Fishes ; Immune Sera ; Leishmania/*enzymology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Trypanosoma brucei brucei/*enzymology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Identical twins reared apart (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1323-5, 1327-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7188816" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Environment ; Female ; Genetics, Medical ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Twins/*psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic/*psychology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Olfactory sensitivity in humans: genetic versus environmental control (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Olfactory sensitivity to acetic acid, isobutyric acid, and 2-sec-butyl-cyclohexanone was tested in 97 adult male twin pairs to determine the extent to which variation in odor perception was genetically determined. Analysis of the data revealed no evidence for heritability of olfactory sensitivity. However, factors significantly associated with odor perception included cigar, pipe, and cigarette smoking; body fatness; alcohol consumption; and diabetes mellitus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hubert, H B -- Fabsitz, R R -- Feinleib, M -- Brown, K S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):607-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7189296" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetates ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Butyrates ; Cyclohexanones ; *Environment ; Female ; *Genes ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Sensory Thresholds ; Skinfold Thickness ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking ; *Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic ; Twins, Monozygotic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    NIH shaken by death of research volunteer (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):475-6, 478-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394512" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anorexia Nervosa ; Female ; *Human Experimentation ; Humans ; *Jurisprudence ; Lithium ; *National Institutes of Health (U.S.) ; *Patient Selection ; *Research ; *Research Subjects ; Sleep ; United States ; Vomiting
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Buprenorphine suppresses heroin use by heroin addicts (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-08
    Description: Heroin-dependent men were given buprenorphine (a partial opiate agonist-antagonist) or a placebo under duoble-blind conditions on a clinical research ward where they could acquire heroin (21 to 40.5 milligrams per day, intravenously). Buprenorphine significantly (P less than .001) suppressed the self-administration of heroin over 10 days. Control subjects took between 93 and 100 percent of the available heroin. The effects of buprenorphine were dose-dependent; a dose of 8 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 69 to 98 percent; a dose of 4 milligrams per day reduced heroin use by 45 percent. Termination of buprenorphie maintenance did not result in opiate withdrawal signs or symptoms. The subjects liked buprenorphine and indicated that it was preferable to methadone or naltrexone. Buprenorphine should be a safe and effective new pharmacotherapy for heroin dependence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mello, N K -- Mendelson, J H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 8;207(4431):657-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7352279" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Buprenorphine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Heroin Dependence/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Morphinans/*therapeutic use ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/prevention & control ; Substance-Related Disorders/prevention & control
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Social environment as a factor in diet-induced atherosclerosis (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: Rabbits on a 2 percent cholesterol diet were individually petted, held, talked to, and played with on a regular basis. Measurements of aortic affinity for a Sudan stain, serum cholesterol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were made at the end of the experimental period. Compared to control groups, which were given the same diet and normal laboratory animal care, the experimental groups showed more than a 60 percent reduction in the percentage of aortic surface area exhibiting sudanophilic lesions, even though serum cholesterol levels, heart rate, and blood pressure were comparable.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nerem, R M -- Levesque, M J -- Cornhill, J F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1475-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384790" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Aorta/pathology ; Arteriosclerosis/*etiology/physiopathology/psychology ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol/blood ; *Diet, Atherogenic ; Heart Rate ; Male ; Rabbits ; *Social Environment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 10
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    DDT contamination at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-07-25
    Description: Disposal of industrial waste resulted in massive DDT contamination at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge, Alabama. Nearly a decade after the cessation of DDT manufacturing at the facility responsible, concentrations of DDT residues in the local fauna are still high enough to suggest avian reproductive impairment and mortality. Populations of fish-eating birds are low, endangered species are being exposed, and muscle lipids of game birds contain up to 6900 parts of DDT (isomers and metabolites) per million.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Shea, T J -- Fleming, W J -- Cromartie, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 25;209(4455):509-60.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394517" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Birds ; DDT/*analysis ; Ducks ; *Industrial Waste ; Lipids/analysis ; Muscles/analysis ; Rabbits ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 11
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    Bladder-surface glycosaminoglycans: an efficient mechanism of environmental adaptation (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan than inhibits the adherence of bacteria. Synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycans instilled intraluminally into bladders whose natural mucin layer has been removed are as effective as the natural mucin in preventing bacterial adherence. It also appears that adherence of calcium and protein is reduced in the presence of both the natural mucin layer and the synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan sodium pentosanpolysulfate, suggesting that the antiadherence activity of both natural and synthetic surface glycosaminoglycans in the bladder extends to the molecular and ionic levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Parsons, C L -- Stauffer, C -- Schmidt, J D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):605-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6154316" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adsorption ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cell Adhesion ; Environmental Exposure ; Epithelium/physiology ; Glycosaminoglycans/*physiology ; Male ; Mucins/pharmacology ; Pentosan Sulfuric Polyester/pharmacology ; Protein Binding/drug effects ; Proteins/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Urinary Bladder/microbiology/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 12
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    Blood lead concentrations in a remote Himalayan population (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-12-05
    Description: The lead content in the air at the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal was found to be negligible. The concentration of lead in the blood of 103 children and adults living in this region was found to average 3.4 micrograms per deciliter, a level substantially lower than that found in industrialized populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Piomelli, S -- Corash, L -- Corash, M B -- Seaman, C -- Mushak, P -- Glover, B -- Padgett, R -- ES-01104/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- ES-26437/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Dec 5;210(4474):1135-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7444442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Air Pollutants/*analysis ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Environment ; Female ; Humans ; *Industry ; Lead/*blood ; Male ; Nepal
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 13
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    Cytochrome p-450: localization in rabbit lung (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase systems, which metabolize endogenous as well as foriegn compounds, are found in hepatic and several extrahepatic tissues of mammals, including humans. A form of cytochrome P-450 is localized in the nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells (Clara cells) of the small airways of rabbit lung. The apparent high concentration of the cytochrome in this pulmonary cell type compared to liver may be an important determinant in the susceptibility of the lung to a number of toxic chemicals that undergo metabolic activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Serabjit-Singh, C J -- Wolf, C R -- Philpot, R M -- Plopper, C G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1469-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6767272" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biotransformation ; Bronchi/enzymology ; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/immunology/*metabolism ; Epithelium/enzymology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Inactivation, Metabolic ; Lung/cytology/*enzymology/metabolism ; Rabbits
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 14
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    Methylphenidate and hyperactivity: effects on teacher behaviors (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-13
    Description: Teacher interactions with hyperactive and comparison boys were observed during classroom activities. A double-blind, methylphenidate-placebo cross-over design was used within the hyperactive group. With no knowledge of any child's diagnosis or drug status, the teacher was more intense and controlling toward hyperactive boys taking placebo than toward either medicated hyperactive boys or comparison boys; her behavior did not differ toward the latter two groups. Discussion focused on the need to consider the broad social ramifications of pharmacologic treatment programs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Whalen, C K -- Henker, B -- Dotemoto, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 13;208(4449):1280-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375940" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Humans ; Hyperkinesis/*drug therapy ; *Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Methylphenidate/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; *Teaching
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 15
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    Rate of acoustic change may underlie hemispheric specialization for speech perception (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: Phonemically similar syllables, differing only by temporal acoustic cues, were presented dichotically to investigate temporal processing mechanisms in hemispheric specialization for speech. Reducing the rate of acoustic change within syllables while keeping their phonemic characteristics constant significantly decreased the characteristic asymmetry in processing speech.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, J -- Tallal, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1380-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Auditory Pathways/physiology ; Auditory Perception/*physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Female ; *Functional Laterality ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Male ; Speech Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 16
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    Human aging and spatial vision (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: The ability to see spatial structures of a wide range of sizes was measured for two groups of observers (mean ages, 18 and 73 years). All observers had good visual acuity. Although older and younger observers did not differ in ability to see targets with fine structure (high spatial frequencies), older observers were only one-third as sensitive to targets with coarse structure (low spatial frequencies) as were younger observers or to changes in criterion. Older observers were also less able than younger observers to see moving targets. The reduced sensitivity of the older observers may adversely affect routine perceptual activities, such as face recognition and visually guided postural behavior, that depend upon low spatial frequencies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sekuler, R -- Hutman, L P -- Owsley, C J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1255-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403884" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Humans ; Motion Perception/physiology ; Size Perception/*physiology ; Space Perception/*physiology ; Visual Acuity
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  • 17
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    A new laser scanning system for measuring action potential propagation in the heart (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-10-23
    Description: A rapid laser scanning system was developed to map the spread of excitation in amphibian and mammalian hearts stained with fluorescent dye. Isochronic maps of conduction were constructed by timing the upstroke of the optical action potential; 128 sites could be scanned in 4 milliseconds. The accuracy of this technique was verified by recording simultaneously from 16 unipolar electrodes placed in different areas of the heart. Conducted action potentials in normal frog heart propagated at 0.1 meter per second. Propagation of action potentials was also monitored in ischemic cat heart, in which both driven and arrhythmic action potential upstrokes could be tracked. The results suggest that this system is capable of scanning the normal and abnormal spread of electrical activity in the heart.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Dillon, S -- Morad, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Oct 23;214(4519):453-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6974891" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Action Potentials ; Animals ; *Benzenesulfonates ; Cats ; Coronary Disease/physiopathology ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/*physiology ; *Lasers ; Rabbits ; Rana catesbeiana ; Spectrometry, Fluorescence/methods
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  • 18
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    Electrical potentials in human brain during cognition: new method reveals dynamic patterns of correlation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-08-21
    Description: A new technique has been developed for identifying, in humans, dynamic spatiotemporal electrical patterns of the brain during purposive behaviors. In this method, single-trial time-series correlations between brain macropotentials recorded from different scalp sites are analyzed by distribution-independent mathematical pattern recognition. Dynamic patterns of correlation clearly distinguished two brief visuomotor tasks differing only in type of mental judgement required (spatial or numeric). These complex patterns shifted in the anterior-posterior and left-right axes between successive 175-millisecond intervals, indicating that many areas in both cerebral hemispheres were involved even in these simple judgements. These patterns were not obtainable by conventional analysis of averaged evoked potentials or by linear analysis of correlations, suggesting that the new technique will advance the study of human brain activity related to cognition and goal-directed behaviors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gevins, A S -- Doyle, J C -- Cutillo, B A -- Schaffer, R E -- Tannehill, R S -- Ghannam, J H -- Gilcrease, V A -- Yeager, C L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Aug 21;213(4510):918-22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7256287" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; *Cognition ; Electroencephalography ; *Evoked Potentials ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 19
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    Effects of prenatal sex hormones on gender-related behavior (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: Gender identity depends largely on postnatal environmental influences, while sex-dimorphic behavior and temperamental sex differences appear to be modified by prenatal sex hormones. A role of the prenatal endocrine milieu in the development of erotic partner preference, as in hetero-, homo-, or bisexual orientation, or of cognitive sex differences has not been conclusively demonstrated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ehrhardt, A A -- Meyer-Bahlburg, H F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1312-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7209510" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenal Hyperplasia, Congenital/metabolism/psychology ; Adult ; Androgens/pharmacology ; Behavior/drug effects ; Child ; Cognition/drug effects ; Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects ; Estrogens/pharmacology ; Female ; *Gender Identity ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/*pharmacology ; Humans ; *Identification (Psychology) ; Male ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications/drug therapy ; Progestins/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Sexual Behavior/*drug effects
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 20
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    Retrograde amnesia: possible role of mesencephalic reticular activation in long-term memory (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-18
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goldberg, E -- Antin, S P -- Bilder, R M Jr -- Gerstman, L J -- Hughes, J E -- Mattis, S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 18;213(4514):1392-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Amnesia/etiology/*physiopathology ; Amnesia, Retrograde/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Memory/*physiology ; Mesencephalon/injuries/*physiopathology ; Skull Fractures/complications
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  • 21
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    Fertilizability of ova ovulated and recovered from rabbit ovaries perfused in vitro (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-09-04
    Description: Ovaries removed from New Zealand White rabbits were perfused and exposed to gonadotropin in vitro. The ova ovulated in vitro (N = 56) were recovered and cultured and then transferred to the oviducts of six previously mated Dutch Belted hosts. Twelve of the resulting 36 offspring (33.3 percent) were white. In control matings between 12 Dutch Belted females (six randomly selected and the six hosts) and New Zealand White males, only one of 80 (1.2 percent) offspring was white. These data indicate that ova ovulated in vitro can be transferred to the oviduct of a host rabbit where they may be fertilized and after implantation may develop into viable embryos.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kobayashi, Y -- Santulli, R -- Wright, K H -- Wallach, E E -- HD-05948/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Sep 4;213(4512):1127-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7268420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/*pharmacology ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; *Fertilization in Vitro ; Ovary/drug effects/*physiology ; *Ovulation/drug effects ; Pregnancy ; Rabbits
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  • 22
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    Intrathecal interferon reduces exacerbations of multiple sclerosis (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-11-27
    Description: Ten patients with multiple sclerosis who were treated with human fibroblast interferon (IFN-B) for 6 months showed a significant reduction in their exacerbation rates compared with their rates before treatment (P 〈 .01). The IFN-B was administered intrathecally by serial lumbar punctures. There was no significant change in the exacerbation rates of ten multiple sclerosis control patients before and during the period of observation. The IFN-B recipients have now been on the study a mean of 1.5 years, the controls, 1.2 years. The clinical condition of five of the IFN-B recipients and one of the control patients has improved, whereas the condition of five of the controls and one of the IFN-B recipients has deteriorated (P 〈 .036). These findings warrant cautious optimism about the efficacy of intrathecal IFN-B in altering the course of multiple sclerosis and support concepts of a viral or dysimmune etiology of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacobs, L -- O'Malley, J -- Freeman, A -- Ekes, R -- CA-18533/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Nov 27;214(4524):1026-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6171035" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Interferons/*therapeutic use ; Male ; Multiple Sclerosis/*drug therapy
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  • 23
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    Cognitive interaction after staged callosal section: evidence for transfer of semantic activation (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-17
    Description: Sensory and cognitive functions were assessed in a right-handed male before and after partial and complete callosal commissurotomy. After the initial posterior section was made, there was no evidence of interhemispheric sensory transfer, although the left hemisphere did have access to stimulus-related semantic and episodic information from the right hemisphere. After the callosum was completely sectioned, this exchange was no longer observed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sidtis, J J -- Volpe, B T -- Holtzman, J D -- Wilson, D H -- Gazzaniga, M S -- 2 R01 NS15053-02/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- RR001-02/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 17;212(4492):344-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6782673" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cognition/*physiology ; Cognition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Corpus Callosum/*physiology/surgery ; Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic/surgery ; Humans ; Language Disorders/*physiopathology ; Male ; Methods ; Perception/physiology ; Perceptual Disorders/*physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications/physiopathology ; Sensation/*physiology
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  • 24
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    Gene therapy caught in more entanglements (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-04-03
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Apr 3;212(4490):24-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6259731" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Ethics Committees, Research ; *Ethics, Medical ; Federal Government ; Female ; *Genetic Engineering/history ; Genetic Vectors ; Globins/genetics ; Government Regulation ; History, 20th Century ; Humans ; Informed Consent ; Israel ; Plasmids ; Thalassemia/*therapy ; United States
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  • 25
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    Effects of vasopressin on human memory functions (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-02-06
    Description: Arginine vasopressin and a number of its synthetic analogs augment memory functions in experimental animals. One of these analogs, 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), influences human learning and memory. Cognitively unimpaired, as well as cognitively impaired adults, treated with DDAVP for a period of several days, learn information more effectively, as measured by the completeness, organization, and consistency (reliability) of recall. DDAVP also appears to reverse partially the retrograde amnesia that follows electroconvulsive treatment.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Gold, P -- Ballenger, J C -- Smallberg, S A -- Summers, R -- Rubinow, D R -- Post, R M -- Goodwin, F K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Feb 6;211(4482):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7455701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arginine Vasopressin/*pharmacology ; Cognition/drug effects ; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin/pharmacology ; Depression/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Learning/*drug effects ; Male ; Memory/*drug effects ; Middle Aged
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  • 26
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    The hormonal control of sexual development (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1981-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wilson, J D -- George, F W -- Griffin, J E -- AM03892/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Mar 20;211(4488):1278-84.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7010602" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Mullerian Hormone ; Estradiol/metabolism/*physiology ; Female ; *Glycoproteins ; Gonadotropins/physiology ; *Growth Inhibitors ; Humans ; Male ; Morphogenesis ; Mullerian Ducts ; Ovary/embryology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Androgen/metabolism ; *Sex Differentiation ; Testicular Hormones/*physiology ; Testis/embryology/secretion ; Testosterone/metabolism/*physiology ; Time Factors ; Urogenital System/embryology ; Wolffian Ducts
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  • 27
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    Stress-induced analgesia in humans: endogenous opioids and naloxone-reversible depression of pain reflexes (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-05-08
    Description: The cumulative effects of a repetitive stress induced by anticipation of pain (noxious foot shock) were studied on the threshold of a nociceptive flexion reflex of the lower limb. The threshold of the nociceptive reflex progressively increased with the repetition of the stress. This effect was reversed by naloxone, which even produced hyperalgesia, since a rapid and significant decrease in this threshold, below the initial values, was noted. Tha data provide evidence for involvement of endogenous opioids in the phenomenon of stress-induced analgesia in normal man.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Willer, J C -- Dehen, H -- Cambier, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 May 8;212(4495):689-91.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6261330" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Naloxone/pharmacology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Receptors, Opioid/*physiology ; Reflex/drug effects ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology
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  • 28
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    Role for the adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic pathway in reticulocyte maturation (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-02-19
    Description: As reticulocytes mature into erythrocytes, organelles and many enzymes are lost. Protein degradation during reticulocyte maturation was measured by monitoring the release of tyrosine from cell proteins. Proteolysis in rabbit red blood cells was directly proportional to the number of reticulocytes and was low in erythrocytes. This process was inhibited by blockers of cellular adenosine triphosphate production and by agents, such as o-phenanthroline, N-ethylmaleimide, and hemin, which inhibit the soluble adenosine triphosphate-dependent proteolytic system. The breakdown of endogenous proteins in reticulocyte extracts was also inhibited by these agents and required adenosine triphosphate. Inhibitors of lysosomal function, however, did not affect proteolysis. Thus, the proteolytic system that degrades abnormal proteins also catalyzes the elimination of proteins during red cell development.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boches, F S -- Goldberg, A L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Feb 19;215(4535):978-80.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7156977" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphate/*physiology ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cyclophosphamide/pharmacology ; Deoxyglucose/pharmacology ; Dinitrophenols/pharmacology ; Lysosomes/enzymology ; Rabbits ; Reticulocytes/*physiology ; Tyrosine/analysis
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  • 29
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    Fetal hemoglobin genes turned on in adults (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-12-24
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Dec 24;218(4579):1295-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6183747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Anemia, Sickle Cell/therapy ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use ; Fetal Hemoglobin/biosynthesis/*genetics ; Hemoglobin, Sickle/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Thalassemia/therapy
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  • 30
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    Significance of tissue myo-inositol concentrations in metabolic regulation in nerve (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-08-27
    Description: Approximately 25 percent of resting energy utilization in isolated nerve endoneurium is inhibited by medium containing defatted albumin and selectively restored by arachidonic acid but is unaffected by indomethacin or nordihydroguaiaretic acid. The same component of energy utilization is inhibited by small decreases in endoneurial myo-inositol, which decrease incorporation of carbon-14-labeled arachidonic acid into phosphatidylinositol. The fraction of the resting oxygen uptake inhibited by ouabain is decreased 40 to 50 percent by a reduced tissue myo-inositol concentration or by defatted albumin. Metabolic regulation by rapid, basal phosphatidylinositol turnover is dependent on the maintenance of normal tissue myoinositol concentrations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simmons, D A -- Winegrad, A I -- Martin, D B -- T32 AMO7314/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Aug 27;217(4562):848-51.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6285474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Albumins/pharmacology ; Animals ; Arachidonic Acid ; Arachidonic Acids/pharmacology ; Catechols/pharmacology ; Indomethacin/pharmacology ; Inositol/*metabolism ; Linolenic Acids/pharmacology ; Masoprocol ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption ; Palmitic Acids/pharmacology ; Peripheral Nerves/*metabolism ; Phosphatidylinositols/metabolism ; Rabbits ; gamma-Linolenic Acid
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  • 31
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    Manipulation of event-related potential manifestations of information processing stages (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-11-26
    Description: The timing of two event-related potential components was differentially affected by two experimental variables. The earlier component (NA) was affected by degradation of the stimuli and the later component (N2) by the nature of a classification task. The results support the hypothesis that NA and N2 reflect sequential stages of information processing, namely, pattern recognition and stimulus classification.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ritter, W -- Simson, R -- Vaughan, H G Jr -- Macht, M -- HD 10804/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- IF32 AGO-5193/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 06723/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Nov 26;218(4575):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7134983" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Action Potentials ; Adult ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Cognition/*physiology ; Discrimination (Psychology)/physiology ; Evoked Potentials ; Humans ; Information Theory ; Perception/*physiology ; Time Factors
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  • 32
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    Subperiosteal expansion and cortical remodeling of the human femur and tibia with aging (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1982-09-03
    Description: Increases with aging in subperiosteal dimensions and second moments of area (measures of bending and torsional rigidity) in femoral and tibial cross sections are documented in an archeological sample from the American Southwest. Significant differences between cross-sectional sites and between sexes in the pattern of cortical remodeling with age are also present. These differences appear to be related to variations in the stress or strain levels in different regions of the femur and tibia which result from in vivo mechanical loadings of the lower limb.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ruff, C B -- Hayes, W C -- AM00749/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- AM26740/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Sep 3;217(4563):945-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7112107" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; *Aging ; Bone Development ; Female ; Femur/*physiology ; Fractures, Bone/etiology ; Growth ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Periosteum/*physiology ; Physical Exertion ; Sex Characteristics ; Stress, Mechanical ; Tibia/*physiology
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  • 33
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    Wound tissue can utilize a polymeric template to synthesize a functional extension of skin (1982)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1982-01-08
    Description: Prompt and long-term closure of full-thickness skin wounds is guinea pigs and humans is achieved by applying a bilayer polymeric membrane. The membrane comprises a top layer of a silicone elastomer and a bottom layer of a porous cross-linked network of collagen and glycosaminoglycan. The bottom layer can be seeded with a small number of autologous basal cells before grafting. No immunosuppression is used and infection, exudation, and rejection are absent. Host tissue utilizes the sterile membrane as a culture medium to synthesize neoepidermal and neodermal tissue. A functional extension of skin over the entire wound area is formed in about 4 weeks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yannas, I V -- Burke, J F -- Orgill, D P -- Skrabut, E M -- GM 21700/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM 23946/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL 14322/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1982 Jan 8;215(4529):174-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7031899" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Burns/*therapy ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Collagen/therapeutic use ; Female ; Glycosaminoglycans/therapeutic use ; Guinea Pigs ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Silicone Elastomers/therapeutic use ; *Skin Transplantation ; *Wound Healing
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  • 34
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    Eye movements of preschool children (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-10-07
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉HD-12572/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- MH-00318/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 7;222(4619):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623059" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Child, Preschool ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Research Design
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    Bioactive cardiac substances: potent vasorelaxant activity in mammalian atria (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Mammalian atrial extracts possess natriuretic and diuretic activity. In experiments reported here it was found that atrial, but not ventricular, extract also causes relaxation of isolated vascular and nonvascular smooth muscle preparations. The smooth muscle relaxant activity of atrial extract was heat-stable and concentration-dependent and could be destroyed with protease. Rabbit aortic and chick rectum strips were used for the detection of atrial biological activity. The atrial activity was separated by column chromatography into two peaks having apparent molecular weights of 20,000 to 30,000 and less than 10,000. The atrial substance that copurified with the smooth muscle relaxant activity in both peaks caused natriuresis when injected into conscious rats. It appears that atria possess at least two peptides that elicit smooth muscle relaxation and natriuresis, suggesting an endogenous system of fluid volume regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Currie, M G -- Geller, D M -- Cole, B R -- Boylan, J G -- YuSheng, W -- Holmberg, S W -- Needleman, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):71-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857267" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Atrial Function ; Chickens ; Chromatography, Gel ; Dogs ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Molecular Weight ; Muscle, Smooth/drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/*drug effects ; Natriuresis/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Swine ; Vasodilation/drug effects
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    Proviral DNA of a retrovirus, human T-cell leukemia virus, in two patients with AIDS (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-20
    Description: The acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is characterized by T-lymphocyte dysfunction and is frequently accompanied by opportunistic infections and Kaposi's sarcoma. Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) is associated with T-cell malignancies and can transform T lymphocytes in vitro. In an attempt to find evidence of HTLV infection in patients with AIDS, DNA from samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes from 33 AIDS patients was analyzed by Southern blot-hybridization with a radiolabeled cloned HTLV DNA probe. Analysis of DNA from both the fresh (uncultured) lymphocytes and from T cells cultured with T-cell growth factor revealed the presence of integrated HTLV proviral sequences in lymphocytes from two of the patients, both of whom had antibody to HTLV. The proviral sequences could not be detected in blood samples obtained from these individuals at a later date, consistent with the possibility that the population of infected cells had become depleted.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gelmann, E P -- Popovic, M -- Blayney, D -- Masur, H -- Sidhu, G -- Stahl, R E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 20;220(4599):862-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6601822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/etiology/immunology/*microbiology ; Adult ; Animals ; Cats ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Retroviridae/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/analysis/microbiology ; Tumor Virus Infections/complications/*microbiology
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  • 37
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    Modifying oculomotor activity in awake subjects increases the amplitude of eye movements during REM sleep (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-03
    Description: The eye movements of human subjects were experimentally modified while they were awake to determine the effect of waking experience on electroculographic activity during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. After normal eye movements were monitored under controlled conditions, subjects spent 5 days wearing goggles that contained minification lenses and that curtailed vision to a 5 degree field. The amplitude and frequency of eye movements decreased when subjects were awake and increased during REM sleep; sleep stage durations and distributions were unaffected. Values returned to normal in the first 24 hours of recovery.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Herman, J H -- Roffwarg, H P -- MH 3414/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 3;220(4601):1074-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6844929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Electrooculography ; *Eye Movements ; Humans ; Oculomotor Muscles/physiology ; Sleep, REM/*physiology ; Wakefulness/*physiology
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    Protein phosphatases: properties and role in cellular regulation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-22
    Description: Protein phosphorylation is a principal regulatory mechanism in the control of almost all cellular processes. The nature of the protein phosphatases that participate in these reactions has been a subject of controversy. Four enzymes, termed protein phosphatases 1, 2A, 2B, and 2C, account for virtually all of the phosphatase activity toward phosphoproteins involved in controlling glycogen metabolism, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and protein synthesis. The properties, physiological roles, and mechanisms for regulating the four protein phosphatases are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ingebritsen, T S -- Cohen, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 22;221(4608):331-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6306765" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Cyclic AMP/metabolism ; Glycogen/metabolism ; Liver/enzymology ; Muscles/enzymology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/classification/*physiology ; Phosphoproteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylase Phosphatase/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Kinases/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 39
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    Fragile sites in chromosomes: possible model for the study of spontaneous chromosome breakage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-01
    Description: The tissue culture condition that is required for the type of chromosome breakage seen at most fragile sites, namely, the absence of folic acid and thymidine in the medium, greatly enhanced micronucleus formation in proliferating lymphocyte cultures from normal individuals. This suggests that chromosome breakage at fragile sites and the apparently spontaneous damage that gives rise to micronuclei are controlled by the same mechanism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jacky, P B -- Beek, B -- Sutherland, G R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 1;220(4592):69-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828880" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Nucleus/drug effects/ultrastructure ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosome Fragile Sites ; *Chromosome Fragility ; Culture Media ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Folic Acid/pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocytes/ultrastructure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/pharmacology
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  • 40
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    Potential role of galactokinase in neonatal carbohydrate assimilation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Glucose given to the newborn human may result in hyperglycemia, suggesting that its utilization is impaired at this developmental stage. Galactose is thought to be a more appropriate carbohydrate source for the newborn. The enzymes involved in hexose phosphorylation may, in part, be responsible for these observations. A key regulatory enzyme of hepatic glucose assimilation, glucokinase, is diminished in newborns compared to adults, whereas galactokinase activity is increased. When newborn dogs were fasted and then fed either glucose or galactose, their plasma insulin responses to glucose were similar, but the pups fed galactose demonstrated an attenuated systemic appearance rate of glucose. Hexose incorporation into hepatic glycogen and net glycogen synthesis was augmented in the galactose-fed dogs. In vitro, liver from neonatal dogs showed enhanced galactokinase activity relative to that for hexokinase or glucokinase. Neonatal hexose assimilation may be independent of insulin action and, instead, be related to the developmental presence of hexose phosphorylating enzymes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kliegman, R M -- Miettinen, E L -- Morton, S -- HD05740/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):302-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn/metabolism ; *Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Dogs ; Galactokinase/*physiology ; Galactose/metabolism ; Galactosemias ; Glucose/metabolism ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver Glycogen/biosynthesis ; Phosphorylation ; Rats
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    Oxygen tension regulates the expression of angiogenesis factor by macrophages (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-23
    Description: When cultured in a hypoxic environment similar to that found in the center of a wound, macrophages secreted active angiogenesis factor into the medium. Under conditions similar to those of well-oxygenated tissue, macrophages did not secrete active angiogenesis factor. Macrophages that secreted the factor at hypoxic conditions stopped secreting it when returned to room air. Thus the control of angiogenesis in wound healing may be the result of macrophages responding to tissue oxygen tension without the necessity of interacting with other cell types or biochemical signals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Knighton, D R -- Hunt, T K -- Scheuenstuhl, H -- Halliday, B J -- Werb, Z -- Banda, M J -- GM27345/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL26323/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 23;221(4617):1283-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612342" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Anoxia/physiopathology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cornea ; Growth Substances/*biosynthesis ; Macrophages/*physiology ; Models, Biological ; Oxygen/*physiology ; Rabbits ; *Wound Healing
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  • 42
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    Cholesterol--heart disease link illuminated. New findings explain how blood cholesterol levels are controlled and how to lower them substantially in persons at high risk of heart disease (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1164-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6310747" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Coronary Disease/drug therapy/*etiology ; Humans ; Lovastatin ; Naphthalenes/therapeutic use ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, LDL
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    A silent, neutral substitution detected by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography: hemoglobin Beirut (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-26
    Description: A substitution of alanine for valine at position 126 in the beta-chain of hemoglobin was discovered in a hematologically normal adult male of Lebanese extraction. The variant beta-globin was initially observed and subsequently purified by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Reverse-phase HPLC was also used to isolate the variant tryptic peptide of beta-T13 that has alanine replacing valine at residue 126. The discovery of hemoglobin Beirut illustrates the usefulness of reverse-phase HPLC for the detection of neutral amino acid substitutions in proteins. The ability to detect neutral substitutions in undigested proteins is pertinent to the monitoring of genetic variation in human populations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Strahler, J R -- Rosenbloom, B B -- Hanash, S M -- R01-HL25541/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 26;221(4613):860-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6879181" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Hemoglobins, Abnormal/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Isoelectric Point ; Macromolecular Substances ; Male
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  • 44
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    Bone cell differentiation and growth factors (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-13
    Description: Bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors are biochemical tools for research on induced cell differentiation and local mechanisms controlling cell proliferation. Bone morphogenetic protein irreversibly induces differentiation of perivascular mesenchymal-type cells into osteoprogenitor cells. Bone-derived growth factors are secreted by and for osteoprogenitor cells and stimulate DNA synthesis. Bone generation and regeneration are attributable to the co-efficiency of bone morphogenetic protein and bone-derived growth factors.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Urist, M R -- DeLange, R J -- Finerman, G A -- DEO2103-17/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 13;220(4598):680-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6403986" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Bone Development ; Bone Matrix/drug effects/physiology ; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ; Bone Neoplasms/physiopathology ; Cattle ; Cell Differentiation ; DNA, Neoplasm/metabolism ; Dogs ; Growth Substances/*physiology ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; Mice ; *Osteogenesis ; Osteosarcoma/physiopathology ; Proteins/pharmacology/physiology ; Rabbits ; Rats
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  • 45
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    Effects of serotonin on memory impairments produced by ethanol (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-07-29
    Description: Subjects treated with low or high doses of ethanol demonstrated impaired memory, particularly in tests involving the recall of poorly learned information. Zimelidine, an inhibitor of serotonin reuptake, reversed this ethanol-induced impairment. The serotonin neurotransmitter system may mediate learning and memory in humans and may determine some of the effects of alcohol on higher mental functions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weingartner, H -- Rudorfer, M V -- Buchsbaum, M S -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 29;221(4609):472-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6223371" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Brompheniramine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Ethanol/*adverse effects ; Humans ; Learning/drug effects ; Male ; Memory/drug effects ; Memory Disorders/*chemically induced ; Mental Recall/drug effects ; Serotonin/*physiology ; Serotonin Antagonists/pharmacology ; Zimeldine
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  • 46
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    Potentiation of glucocorticoid activity by 5 beta-dihydrocortisol: its role in glaucoma (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-14
    Description: 5 beta-Dihydrocortisol potentiated the threshold level (the smallest dose producing a measurable effect) of topically applied cortisol (0.02 percent) and dexamethasone (0.003 percent) in causing nuclear translocation of the cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor in rabbit iris-ciliary body tissue. 5 beta-Dihydrocortisol accumulates in cells cultured from trabecular meshwork specimens from patients with primary open-angle glaucoma, but not in similar cells derived from nonglaucomatous patients. In view of the sensitivity of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma to the effects of glucocorticoids in raising intraocular pressure, this potentiation may be responsible for the steroid sensitivity and for the ocular hypertension seen in this disorder.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weinstein, B I -- Gordon, G G -- Southren, A L -- EY 01313/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 14;222(4620):172-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623065" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; Ciliary Body/metabolism ; Cytoplasm/metabolism ; Dexamethasone/pharmacology ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/*physiopathology ; Hydrocortisone/pharmacology ; Intraocular Pressure/*drug effects ; Iris/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Glucocorticoid/*drug effects/metabolism ; Receptors, Steroid/*drug effects
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  • 47
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    Noninvasive observations of fluorinated anesthetics in rabbit brain by fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-10-28
    Description: Fluorinated anesthetics were observed noninvasively in the brain of intact rabbits with fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High-resolution fluorine-19 spectra of halothane, methoxyflurane, and isoflurane were obtained with a surface coil centered over the calvarium. Elimination of halothane from the brain was also monitored by this technique. Residual fluorine-19 signals from halothane (or a metabolite) could be detected as long as 98 hours after termination of anesthesia. These observations demonstrate the feasibility of using this technique to study the fate of fluorinated anesthetics in live mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wyrwicz, A M -- Pszenny, M H -- Schofield, J C -- Tillman, P C -- Gordon, R E -- Martin, P A -- GM 29520/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- K04 GM 00503/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Oct 28;222(4622):428-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6623084" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Brain/*metabolism ; Halothane/*metabolism ; Isoflurane/*metabolism ; Kinetics ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Methoxyflurane/*metabolism ; Methyl Ethers/*metabolism ; Rabbits
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    Event-related brain potentials in boys at risk for alcoholism (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Recent neurophysiological findings have demonstrated that abstinent chronic alcoholics manifest deficits in event-related brain potentials. To explore possible biological antecedents of alcoholism the present study examined boys at high risk for alcoholism. Event-related brain potentials were recorded from biological sons of alcoholic fathers and matched control boys. Differences in the P3 component of the potentials were obtained between the high-risk and control subjects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Begleiter, H -- Porjesz, B -- Bihari, B -- Kissin, B -- AA 05524/AA/NIAAA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1493-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474187" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Alcoholism/*genetics/physiopathology ; Analysis of Variance ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Child ; Evoked Potentials ; Fathers ; Humans ; Male ; Memory Disorders/etiology ; Risk
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  • 49
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    Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-06
    Description: Arachidonic acid plays a central role in a biological control system where such oxygenated derivatives as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes are mediators. The leukotrienes are formed by transformation of arachidonic acid into an unstable epoxide intermediate, leukotriene A4, which can be converted enzymatically by hydration to leukotriene B4, and by addition of glutathione to leukotriene C4. This last compound is metabolized to leukotrienes D4 and E4 by successive elimination of a gamma-glutamyl residue and glycine. Slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis consists of leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4. The cysteinyl-containing leukotrienes are potent bronchoconstrictors, increase vascular permeability in postcapillary venules, and stimulate mucus secretion. Leukotriene B4 causes adhesion and chemotactic movement of leukocytes and stimulates aggregation, enzyme release, and generation of superoxide in neutrophils. Leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, which are released from the lung tissue of asthmatic subjects exposed to specific allergens, seem to play a pathophysiological role in immediate hypersensitivity reactions. These leukotrienes, as well as leukotriene B4, have pro-inflammatory effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Samuelsson, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 6;220(4597):568-75.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6301011" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arachidonic Acids/metabolism/pharmacology/physiology ; Bronchi/drug effects ; Cats ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cricetinae ; Guinea Pigs ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate/*physiopathology ; Inflammation/*physiopathology ; Leukocytes/drug effects/metabolism ; Leukotriene B4/pharmacology/*physiology ; Mice ; Microcirculation/drug effects ; Rabbits ; Rats ; SRS-A/*physiology
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    Urinary phenyl acetate: a diagnostic test for depression? (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-06-10
    Description: The compound 2-phenylethylamine is an "endogenous amphetamine" which may modulate central adrenergic functions. 2-Phenylethylamine is mainly metabolized by monoamine oxidase to form phenyl acetate (PAA). The 24-hour urinary excretion of PAA was measured in normal healthy volunteers and depressed patients. Patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, edition 3. In 70 percent of healthy volunteers of both sexes, the excretion of PAA ranged between 70 and 175 milligrams per 24 hours (mean = 141.1 +/- 10.2). Inpatients with major depressive disorder (unipolar type) (N = 31) excreted less PAA (68.7 +/- 7.0 milligrams per 24 hours) and 55 percent of them excreted less than 70 milligrams per 24 hours; there were no significant differences in the PAA excretion between untreated patients (N = 13) and those treated with antidepressants that were not effective (N = 18). The PAA excretion was reduced to a lesser extent in 35 less severely depressed unipolar outpatients (drug-free for 1 week) (86.3 +/- 11.8 milligrams per 24 hours). These results suggest that low PAA urinary excretion may be a reliable state marker for the diagnosis of some forms of unipolar major depressive disorders.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sabelli, H C -- Fawcett, J -- Gusovsky, F -- Javaid, J -- Edwards, J -- Jeffriess, H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jun 10;220(4602):1187-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857245" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology ; Depressive Disorder/*diagnosis/urine ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenethylamines/metabolism/physiology ; Phenylacetates/*urine
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    Indoor air pollution: a public health perspective (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-07-01
    Description: Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor measurements. Among the more important indoor contaminants associated with health or irritation effects are passive tobacco smoke, radon decay products, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, formaldehyde, asbestos fibers, microorganisms, and aeroallergens. Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of exposures. An overall strategy should be developed to investigate indoor exposures, health effects, control options, and public policy alternatives.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Spengler, J D -- Sexton, K -- ES-01108/ES/NIEHS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Jul 1;221(4605):9-17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6857273" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Microbiology ; Air Pollution/*adverse effects/prevention & control ; Air Pollution, Radioactive/adverse effects ; Asbestos/adverse effects ; Carbon Monoxide/adverse effects ; Child ; Construction Materials/adverse effects ; Formaldehyde/adverse effects ; Fuel Oils/adverse effects ; Household Articles ; Humans ; Public Policy ; Radon/adverse effects ; Smoke/adverse effects ; Smoking ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution/adverse effects ; Ventilation
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    Increased sensitivity of lymphocytes from people over 65 to cell cycle arrest and chromosomal damage (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-03-18
    Description: Flow cytometry revealed that, in the presence of tritiated thymidine, a greater percentage of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from old human donors were arrested in the G2 or M phase than were cells from young donors. Furthermore, lymphocytes from old donors showed significantly more chromosomal damage than did lymphocytes from young donors. Lymphocyte cultures from old or young donors not exposed to tritiated thymidine had the same percentage of cycling lymphocytes in G2 or M, although the number of lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin to enter the cell cycle was significantly lower in cultures from old donors. Thus, the impaired incorporation of tritiated thymidine by phytohemagglutinin-exposed lymphocytes from old humans reflects both an impaired proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin and an increased sensitivity to the radiobiological effects of tritiated thymidine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Staiano-Coico, L -- Darzynkiewicz, Z -- Hefton, J M -- Dutkowski, R -- Darlington, G J -- Weksler, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Mar 18;219(4590):1335-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6828861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Cell Cycle/*radiation effects ; Chromosomes/*radiation effects/ultrastructure ; DNA Repair/radiation effects ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Thymidine/adverse effects ; Tritium
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    Smell identification ability: changes with age (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-12-21
    Description: Smell identification ability was measured in 1955 persons ranging in age from 5 to 99 years. On the average, women outperformed men at all ages, and nonsmokers outperformed smokers. Peak performance occurred in the third through fifth decades and declined markedly after the seventh. More than half of those 65 to 80 years old evidenced major olfactory impairment. After 80 years, more than three-quarters evidenced major impairment. Given these findings, it is not surprising that many elderly persons complain that food lacks flavor and that the elderly account for a disproportionate number of accidental gas poisoning cases each year.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Doty, R L -- Shaman, P -- Applebaum, S L -- Giberson, R -- Siksorski, L -- Rosenberg, L -- NS 16265/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 21;226(4681):1441-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6505700" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sensory Thresholds ; Sex Factors ; Smell/*physiology ; Smoking
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    Coronary arteries of cardiac patients are hyperreactive and contain stores of amines: a mechanism for coronary spasm (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-30
    Description: Coronary arteries from hearts of cardiac patients contain significantly higher concentrations of histamine than do those from noncardiac patients. The coronary vessels of cardiac patients are also hyperresponsive to histamine and serotonin. These differences between groups of patients suggest an explanation for coronary artery spasm in heart disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kalsner, S -- Richards, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 30;223(4643):1435-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Arteriosclerosis/physiopathology ; Catecholamines/analysis ; Cattle ; Coronary Vasospasm/*physiopathology ; Coronary Vessels/analysis/drug effects/*physiopathology ; Female ; Histamine/*analysis/pharmacology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Norepinephrine/pharmacology ; Serotonin/analysis/pharmacology
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    Initiation of angiogenesis by human follicular fluid (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Angiogenesis was observed and measured after injection of human follicular fluid into rabbit corneas. Undiluted human follicular fluid stimulated angiogenesis in every case, with new blood vessels visible 3 days after injection and extending 2.0 millimeters from the corneal scleral limbus into the injection site by day 15. Stimulation of angiogenesis was lost by heating or diluting the follicular fluid but was retained after charcoal stripping or dialysis. Human follicular fluid contains an angiogenic factor that may be associated with perifollicular neovascularization during folliculogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Frederick, J L -- Shimanuki, T -- diZerega, G S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):389-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200930" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Angiogenesis Inducing Agents/*analysis ; Animals ; Body Fluids/*analysis ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Cornea/blood supply ; Dialysis ; Female ; Growth Substances/*analysis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Menstruation ; *Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Ovarian Follicle/*analysis ; Rabbits
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    Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS) were grown in vitro with added T-cell growth factor and assayed for the expression and release of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV). Retroviruses belonging to the HTLV family and collectively designated HTLV-III were isolated from a total of 48 subjects including 18 of 21 patients wih pre-AIDS, three of four clinically normal mothers of juveniles with AIDS, 26 of 72 adult and juvenile patients with AIDS, and from one of 22 normal male homosexual subjects. No HTLV-III was detected in or isolated from 115 normal heterosexual subjects. The number of HTLV-III isolates reported here underestimates the true prevalence of the virus since many specimens were received in unsatisfactory condition. Other data show that serum samples from a high proportion of AIDS patients contain antibodies to HTLV-III. That these new isolates are members of the HTLV family but differ from the previous isolates known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II is indicated by their morphological, biological, and immunological characteristics. These results and those reported elsewhere in this issue suggest that HTLV-III may be the primary cause of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, R C -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Shearer, G M -- Kaplan, M -- Haynes, B F -- Palker, T J -- Redfield, R -- Oleske, J -- Safai, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*microbiology ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Risk ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    Cigarette craving, smoking withdrawal, and clonidine (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-16
    Description: Clonidine, an alpha-2-adrenergic agonist, significantly reduces opiate withdrawal. Fifteen heavy smokers abstained from cigarettes on three separate occasions and received instead clonidine, placebo, or the benzodiazepine alprazolam. Clonidine and alprazolam diminished withdrawal symptoms. The two drugs suppressed anxiety, tension, irritability, and restlessness equally but clonidine had a greater effect than alprazolam on cigarette craving. These observations suggest that noradrenergic activity is a common feature in the pathophysiology of withdrawal and that a special relationship exists between central noradrenergic activity and craving.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Glassman, A H -- Jackson, W K -- Walsh, B T -- Roose, S P -- Rosenfeld, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 16;226(4676):864-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387913" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alprazolam ; Anxiety/drug therapy ; Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clonidine/*therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; *Smoking ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/*drug therapy
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    Identification and location of brain protein 4.1 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: Protein 4.1 is a membrane skeletal protein that converts the low-affinity interaction between spectrin and actin into a high-affinity ternary complex of spectrin, protein 4.1, and actin that is essential to the structural stability of the erythrocyte. Pig brain was shown to contain an 87-kilodalton immunoreactive analog of protein 4.1 that has partial sequence homology with pig erythrocyte protein 4.1 and the same location as spectrin in the cortical cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cell types of the cerebellum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Goodman, S R -- Casoria, L A -- Coleman, D B -- Zagon, I S -- HL 26059/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- NS19357/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1433-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6374897" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actins/metabolism ; Animals ; Blood Proteins/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; *Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Erythrocytes/metabolism ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Male ; *Membrane Proteins ; *Neuropeptides ; Rabbits ; Spectrin/metabolism ; Swine
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    Lowered cholesterol decreases heart disease (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kolata, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 27;223(4634):381-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6362006" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Cholesterol/*blood ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Cholestyramine Resin/*therapeutic use ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Double-Blind Method ; Heart Diseases/etiology/*prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia/complications/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk
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    The biochemistry of memory: a new and specific hypothesis (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: Recent studies have uncovered a synaptic process with properties required for an intermediate step in memory storage. Calcium rapidly and irreversibly increases the number of receptors for glutamate (a probable neurotransmitter) in forebrain synaptic membranes by activating a proteinase (calpain) that degrades fodrin, a spectrin-like protein. This process provides a means through which physiological activity could produce long-lasting changes in synaptic chemistry and ultrastructure. Since the process is only poorly represented in the brain stem, it is hypothesized to be responsible for those forms of memory localized in the telencephalon.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, G -- Baudry, M -- AG 00538/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- MH 19793-12/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NH 00358-03/NH/NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1057-63.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6144182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium/physiology ; Calpain ; Carrier Proteins/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Endopeptidases/physiology ; Glutamates/physiology ; Glutamic Acid ; Hippocampus/physiology ; Humans ; Learning/physiology ; Leupeptins/pharmacology ; Memory/*physiology ; *Microfilament Proteins ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Receptors, Cell Surface/physiology ; Receptors, Glutamate ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; Synaptic Membranes/physiology ; Telencephalon/physiology
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    Cerebellum: essential involvement in the classically conditioned eyelid response (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-20
    Description: Classical conditioning of the eyelid response in the rabbit was used to investigate the neuronal structures mediating basic associative learning of discrete, adaptive responses. Lesions of the ipsilateral dentate-interpositus nuclei, but not of the cerebellar cortex, abolished the learned eyeblink response. Recordings from these nuclei have revealed neuronal responses related to the learning of the response. Stimulating these recording sites produced the eyelid response. The dentate-interpositus nuclei were concluded to be critically involved in the learning and production of classically conditioned responses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCormick, D A -- Thompson, R F -- 1-F31-MH08673/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 20;223(4633):296-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6701513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; *Blinking ; Cerebellar Cortex/physiology ; Cerebellum/*physiology ; *Conditioning, Classical ; *Conditioning, Eyelid ; Rabbits
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    Proliferation of astroglia and oligodendroglia in response to human T cell-derived factors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: Human T lymphocytes transformed by human T cell leukemia-lymphoma viruses or activated by lectins were found to produce stimulating factors that promoted both proliferation and maturation of oligodendroglial and astroglial cells in vitro.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Merrill, J E -- Kutsunai, S -- Mohlstrom, C -- Hofman, F -- Groopman, J -- Golde, D W -- CA 30388/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 32737/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1428-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6610212" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; Astrocytes/*drug effects ; Cell Division/*drug effects ; Cell Line ; Growth Substances/*pharmacology ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Lymphokines/pharmacology ; Neuroglia/*drug effects ; Oligodendroglia/*drug effects ; Rats ; Receptors, Fc/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/*physiology
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    Elevated concentrations of CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depressed patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-14
    Description: The possibility that hypersecretion of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) contributes to the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis observed in patients with major depression was investigated by measuring the concentration of this peptide in cerebrospinal fluid of normal healthy volunteers and in drug-free patients with DSM-III diagnoses of major depression, schizophrenia, or dementia. When compared to the controls and the other diagnostic groups, the patients with major depression showed significantly increased cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of CRF-like immunoreactivity; in 11 of the 23 depressed patients this immunoreactivity was greater than the highest value in the normal controls. These findings are concordant with the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is, at least in part, responsible for the hyperactivity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis characteristic of major depression.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nemeroff, C B -- Widerlov, E -- Bissette, G -- Walleus, H -- Karlsson, I -- Eklund, K -- Kilts, C D -- Loosen, P T -- Vale, W -- MH-36157/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH-39415/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 14;226(4680):1342-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6334362" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Dementia/cerebrospinal fluid ; Depressive Disorder/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Radioimmunoassay ; Schizophrenia/cerebrospinal fluid
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    Location and chemical synthesis of a pre-S gene coded immunodominant epitope of hepatitis B virus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: Immunodominant, disulfide-bond independent epitopes recognized by human antibodies to hepatitis B virus (HBV) are located within the 55-residue amino terminal portion (coded for by the pre-S region of HBV DNA) of minor HBV envelope components larger than the major protein constituents encoded by the S gene. A peptide having the sequence of the first 26 amino acids from the amino terminal methionine was synthesized and elicited antibodies (at dilutions of greater than or equal to 1 to 10(5) ) to the HBV envelope. These antibodies can be utilized for diagnostic tests. The immunogenicity of the peptide was substantially increased by covalent attachment to liposomes. The disulfide bond-independent determinants on sequences coded for by the pre-S gene may be more easily mimicked by peptide analogs than "conformational" determinants on the S-gene product.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Neurath, A R -- Kent, S B -- Strick, N -- 9011/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):392-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200931" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Epitopes/*analysis/genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/biosynthesis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis/genetics/*immunology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics/*immunology ; Immunization ; Liposomes ; Peptides/chemical synthesis/genetics/*immunology ; Rabbits
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    Antibodies to human c-myc oncogene product: evidence of an evolutionarily conserved protein induced during cell proliferation (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-08-17
    Description: Antisera to a synthetic c-myc peptide and to c-myc antigens synthesized from various portions of the human gene expressed in Escherichia coli were used in order to characterize the protein product of the human c-myc oncogene. Although the deduced molecular weight of the human c-myc protein is 49,000, these antisera precipitate a protein from human cells that migrates in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel as if its molecular weight were 65,000. In addition, the mouse c-myc protein, whether synthesized in cells or in a cell-free system directed by pure, synthetic messenger RNA, has analogous properties and is immunoprecipitated by the antiserum to the human c-myc protein. Similar proteins are immunoprecipitated from monkey, rat, hamster, and frog cells, suggesting evolutionary conservation of antigenic structure of the c-myc protein among vertebrates. In addition, and in a manner consistent with the behavior of its messenger RNA, the immunoprecipitable c-myc protein is sharply induced by the action of mitogens on resting human T cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Persson, H -- Hennighausen, L -- Taub, R -- DeGrado, W -- Leder, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 17;225(4663):687-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6431612" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Antibodies, Neoplasm/*immunology ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Division ; Chickens ; Cricetinae ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; DNA, Recombinant/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mice ; Mitogens/pharmacology ; Molecular Weight ; Neoplasm Proteins/genetics/*immunology ; *Oncogenes ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Rabbits ; Rats
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and homovanillic acid in spinal fluid of schizophrenics with brain atrophy (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Schizophrenic patients with high ventricle brain ratios and cortical brain atrophy, as shown by computerized tomography, had decreased spinal fluid concentrations of homovanillic acid and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity. These decreased cerebral spinal fluid concentrations in patients with brain atrophy support the proposal of disturbed noradrenaline and dopamine neurotransmission in a subgroup of schizophrenic patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van Kammen, D P -- Mann, L S -- Sternberg, D E -- Scheinin, M -- Ninan, P T -- Marder, S R -- van Kammen, W B -- Rieder, R O -- Linnoila, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):974-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6133351" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism/*pathology ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Homovanillic Acid/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phenylacetates/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Rats ; Schizophrenia/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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    Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) antibodies in Africa (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-09-28
    Description: Antibodies specific for human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) were demonstrated in serum samples from various groups of people in South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. The samples had been collected for other purposes and were presumably selected without bias toward clinical conditions associated with HTLV infections. Regional differences in antibody positivity were observed, indicating widely distributed loci of occurrence of HTLV on the African continent in people of both black and white ancestry. Two patients with high titers of antibody to HTLV-I had some signs of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. In several groups a high frequency of false positive serum reactions was indicated when specific confirmation steps were included in the assay. Further characterization of these sera revealed highly elevated immunoglobulin levels, possibly due to polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis in these subjects. The possibility that related cross-reactive human retroviruses coexist in the same groups was not eliminated.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Saxinger, W -- Blattner, W A -- Levine, P H -- Clark, J -- Biggar, R -- Hoh, M -- Moghissi, J -- Jacobs, P -- Wilson, L -- Jacobson, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Sep 28;225(4669):1473-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6089348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Africa ; African Continental Ancestry Group ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Burkitt Lymphoma/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; False Positive Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphoma/immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroviridae/immunology ; T-Lymphocytes
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  • 68
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    Treatment of a 12-hour shift of sleep schedule with benzodiazepines (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-15
    Description: Normal sleepers underwent sleep recordings and daytime tests of sleep tendency, performance, and mood while being shifted 180 degrees in their sleep-wake schedule. After two baseline 24-hour periods, subjects postponed sleep until noon. For the next three 24-hour periods, they were in bed from 1200 to 2000 and received triazolam, flurazepam, or placebo at bedtime in parallel groups. Placebo subjects showed significant sleep loss after the shift. Active medication reversed this sleep loss. Despite good sleep, flurazepam subjects appeared most impaired of the three groups on objective assessments of waking function; triazolam subjects were least impaired.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seidel, W F -- Roth, T -- Roehrs, T -- Zorick, F -- Dement, W C -- NIMH 05804/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 15;224(4654):1262-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Arousal/drug effects ; Benzodiazepines/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Emotions/drug effects ; Female ; Flurazepam/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Sleep/drug effects ; Sleep Wake Disorders/*drug therapy ; Triazolam/pharmacology/therapeutic use
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  • 69
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    Antibodies reactive with human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV-III) in the serum of patients with AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: In cats, infection with T-lymphotropic retroviruses can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia or T-cell depletion and immunosuppression. In humans, some highly T4 tropic retroviruses called HTLV-I can cause T-cell proliferation and leukemia. The subgroup HTLV-II also induces T-cell proliferation in vitro, but its role in disease is unclear. Viruses of a third subgroup of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses, collectively designated HTLV-III, have been isolated from cultured cells of 48 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The biological properties of HTLV-III and immunological analyses of its proteins show that this virus is a member of the HTLV family, and that it is more closely related to HTLV-II than to HTLV-I. Serum samples from 88 percent of patients with AIDS and from 79 percent of homosexual men with signs and symptoms that frequently precede AIDS, but from less than 1 percent of heterosexual subjects, have antibodies reactive against antigens of HTLV-III. The major immune reactivity appears to be directed against p41, the presumed envelope antigen of the virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sarngadharan, M G -- Popovic, M -- Bruch, L -- Schupbach, J -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):506-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324345" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology/microbiology ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Child, Preschool ; Deltaretrovirus/*immunology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sarcoma, Kaposi/immunology ; Substance-Related Disorders ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
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    Plasmodium knowlesi sporozoite antigen: expression by infectious recombinant vaccinia virus (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-04-27
    Description: The gene coding for the circumsporozoite antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a defined vaccinia virus promoter. Cells infected with the recombinant virus synthesized polypeptides of 53,000 to 56,000 daltons that reacted with monoclonal antibody against the repeating epitope of the malaria protein. Furthermore, rabbits vaccinated with the recombinant virus produced antibodies that bound specifically to sporozoites. These data provide evidence for expression of a cloned malaria gene in mammalian cells and illustrate the potential of vaccinia virus recombinants as live malaria vaccines.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Smith, G L -- Godson, G N -- Nussenzweig, V -- Nussenzweig, R S -- Barnwell, J -- Moss, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Apr 27;224(4647):397-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200932" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibody Formation ; Antigens, Surface/analysis/*genetics/immunology ; *Cloning, Molecular ; *DNA, Recombinant ; Epitopes/immunology ; Genes ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Operon ; Plasmodium/*genetics/immunology ; Rabbits ; Vaccination ; Vaccinia virus/*genetics
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    Long-term potentiation of hippocampal synaptic transmission affects rate of behavioral learning (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Electrical stimulation techniques were used to produce a long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the hippocampus of naive rabbits. Animals were then classically conditioned. Long-term potentiation of the hippocampus before training increased the rate at which animals subsequently learned the conditioning task. This result has significance for potential cellular mechanisms of associative learning.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Berger, T W -- MH 00343/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):627-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6324350" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Electric Stimulation ; Hippocampus/*physiology ; Learning/*physiology ; Male ; Nictitating Membrane/physiology ; Rabbits ; Receptors, Neurotransmitter/physiology ; Synapses/physiology ; *Synaptic Transmission
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  • 72
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    Amplification of N-myc in untreated human neuroblastomas correlates with advanced disease stage (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: A domain of DNA designated N-myc is amplified 20- to 140-fold in human neuroblastoma cell lines but not in cell lines from other tumor types. N-myc has now been found to be amplified in neuroblastoma tissue from 24 of 63 untreated patients (38 percent). The extent of amplification appears to be bimodal, with amplification of 100- to 300-fold in 12 cases and 3- to 10-fold in 10 others. Amplification was found in 0 of 15 patients with stage 1 or 2 disease, whereas 24 of 48 cases (50 percent) with stage 3 or 4 had evidence of N-myc amplification. These data indicate that N-myc amplification is a common event in untreated human neuroblastomas. Furthermore, N-myc amplification is highly correlated with advanced stages of disease (P less than 0.001) and with the ability to grow in vitro as an established cell line, both of which are associated with a poor prognosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Brodeur, G M -- Seeger, R C -- Schwab, M -- Varmus, H E -- Bishop, J M -- CA02971/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA13539/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA17829/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1121-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719137" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; DNA, Neoplasm/genetics ; Eye Neoplasms/genetics ; *Gene Amplification ; Humans ; Infant ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neuroblastoma/*genetics/physiopathology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; *Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Retinoblastoma/genetics
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    Down's syndrome in adults: brain metabolism (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-08-19
    Description: The cerebral metabolic rate for glucose, as measured with positron emission tomography and fluorine-18-labeled 2-deoxy-D-glucose, was significantly higher in four healthy young subjects with trisomy 21 syndrome (Down's syndrome) than the mean rate in healthy young controls. The rate of cerebral glucose utilization in the frontal lobe of a 51-year-old subject with Down's syndrome was significantly lower than the rate in the young subjects with this syndrome, but approximated the rate in middle-aged controls. Thus glucose utilization by the brain appears to be excessive in young adults with Down's syndrome but may decline with age in some brain regions.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schwartz, M -- Duara, R -- Haxby, J -- Grady, C -- White, B J -- Kessler, R M -- Kay, A D -- Cutler, N R -- Rapoport, S I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Aug 19;221(4612):781-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6224294" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age Factors ; Brain/*physiopathology ; Dementia/etiology ; Down Syndrome/complications/*physiopathology ; Female ; Glucose/*metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged
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    Clustering of human H1 and core histone genes (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-08
    Description: An H1 histone gene was isolated from a 15-kilobase human DNA genomic sequence. The presence of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 genes in this same 15-kilobase fragment indicates that mammalian core and H1 histone genes are clustered.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carozzi, N -- Marashi, F -- Plumb, M -- Zimmerman, S -- Zimmerman, A -- Coles, L S -- Wells, J R -- Stein, G -- Stein, J -- GM 32010/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 8;224(4653):1115-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6719136" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; DNA/genetics ; *Genes ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/*genetics ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Rabbits ; Trout ; Xenopus
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  • 75
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    Estrogen-dependent Leydig cell protein recognized by monoclonal antibody to MCF-7 cell line (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: A protein (27,000 molecular weight) was previously found in rat Leydig cells after treatment with estradiol (E2) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in vitro. The effect of hCG occurred through increased E2 production. This hormone-regulated rat testicular protein was compared to an estrogen-regulated protein of similar physical characteristics isolated from a human mammary cancer cell line (MCF-7) and present in normal human estrogen target organs. The Leydig cells from rat and human tissue showed specific immunofluorescence and immunoperoxidase staining in the cytoplasm upon incubation with a monoclonal antibody (C11) to the estrogen-regulated protein from MCF-7 cells. Leydig cells after exposure to E2 or hCG showed the highest fluorescence intensity; this intensity was reduced by treatment with Tamoxifen. No reaction was associated with other testicular cells. The estrogen-regulated protein from human cell lines is therefore immunologically similar to that from the rat Leydig cell. The monoclonal antibody should be useful for further characterization of the Leydig cell protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciocca, D R -- Dufau, M L -- CA 11378/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):445-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387908" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Animals ; *Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line ; Chorionic Gonadotropin/pharmacology ; Cross Reactions ; Estradiol/pharmacology ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Leydig Cells/*analysis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proteins/*analysis ; Rats
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    Altered activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to classical conditioning than removing the structure (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-15
    Description: Hippocampal ablation has no effect on the acquisition of the rabbit's classically conditioned nictitating membrane response. Systemic administration of scopolamine, which alters hippocampal neuronal activity, severely retards acquisition of the conditioned response in normal animals and those with cortical ablations. In animals with hippocampal ablations, however, scopolamine has no effect on conditioning. These findings suggest that altered neuronal activity in the hippocampus is more detrimental to conditioning than removing the structure.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Solomon, P R -- Solomon, S D -- Schaaf, E V -- Perry, H E -- MH33381/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 15;220(4594):329-31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6836277" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Conditioning, Classical/drug effects/*physiology ; Female ; Hippocampus/drug effects/*physiology ; Male ; Nictitating Membrane/physiology ; Rabbits ; Scopolamine Hydrobromide/pharmacology
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    Amiloride directly inhibits the Na,K-ATPase activity of rabbit kidney proximal tubules (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-05-27
    Description: Amiloride inhibited the ouabain-sensitive rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) of a suspension of rabbit intact proximal tubules in the presence of different concentrations of extracellular sodium. Measurements of the ouabain-sensitive QO2 in the presence of nystatin, the tissue sodium and potassium contents of the tubules in suspension, and the sodium- and potassium-dependent adenosinetriphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity of lysed tubule membranes indicated that the effect of amiloride was due to a direct inhibition of the Na,K-ATPase activity of the proximal tubule.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Soltoff, S P -- Mandel, L J -- AM26816/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- GM29256/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 May 27;220(4600):957-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6302840" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amiloride/*pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Ion Channels/drug effects ; Kidney Tubules, Proximal/drug effects/*enzymology ; Nystatin/pharmacology ; Ouabain/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Pyrazines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Sodium/metabolism ; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
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    Functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the lower respiratory tract of cigarette smokers is not decreased (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-16
    Description: Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for the development of pulmonary emphysema, a disorder that may result from an imbalance between the elastase and antielastase levels in the lungs. Decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, an inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, might render smokers susceptible to elastase-catalyzed destruction of pulmonary elastic fibers and the development of emphysema. Binding and inactivation of isotopically labeled porcine pancreatic elastase and human neutrophil elastase by alpha 1-protease inhibitor were measured in fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage of volunteers. The inhibition of elastase-catalyzed solubilization of elastin and a tripeptide substrate were also determined. The mean level of functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of smokers was found to be equal to or greater than that of nonsmokers, contradicting reports by other investigators. Increased elastase derived from pulmonary neutrophils, rather than decreased functional alpha 1-protease inhibitor, appears to be the main factor in the genesis of emphysema in smokers.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stone, P J -- Calore, J D -- McGowan, S E -- Bernardo, J -- Snider, G L -- Franzblau, C -- HL-19717/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL-25229/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Sep 16;221(4616):1187-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6612333" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Bronchi/*metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Protease Inhibitors/*metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli/*metabolism ; *Smoking
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  • 79
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    The respiratory sinus arrhythmia: a measure of cardiac age (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: A method developed for quantifying respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization relies on computer-assisted rhythmometric cosinor analysis of instantaneous heart rate data. The RSA was present in all subjects tested, even those at advanced ages. The amplitude of the RSA falls approximately 10 percent per decade. An individual with a transplanted heart and one with severe diabetic neuropathy each had resting RSA values that were normal for their ages. The shape and amplitude of the RSA during voluntary cardiorespiratory synchronization may reflect the suppleness of the heart and its response to rhythmically changing intrathoracic pressure and the subsequent ebb-and-flow of venous return. Our technology allows objective quantitative assessment of the biologic age of the heart and also the effect of any drug, disease, or behavior that affects the RSA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hrushesky, W J -- Fader, D -- Schmitt, O -- Gilbertsen, V -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):1001-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6372092" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Aging ; Arrhythmia, Sinus/*physiopathology ; Compliance ; Diabetic Neuropathies/physiopathology ; Female ; Heart/*physiology/physiopathology ; Heart Rate ; Heart Transplantation ; Humans ; Male ; Microcomputers ; Middle Aged ; *Respiration
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  • 80
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    Lymphadenopathy associated virus infection of a blood donor--recipient pair with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-06
    Description: A retrovirus isolated from three patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States was morphologically and antigenically identical to lymphadenopathy associated virus isolated in France. Two of these isolates were from a blood donor-recipient pair, each of whom developed AIDS. Lymphadenopathy associated virus was isolated from the blood donor's lymphocytes 12 months after his onset of AIDS symptoms and from the blood recipient's lymphocytes 1 month after her onset of AIDS symptoms. Two isolates from the blood donor-recipient pair and an isolate from an epidemiologically unrelated homosexual man were examined by competitive radioimmunoassay to determine their antigenic relatedness to each other and to other human retroviruses. The major core proteins (p25) of the isolates were antigenically identical and all three isolates were identical to prototype lymphadenopathy associated virus isolated in France.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Feorino, P M -- Kalyanaraman, V S -- Haverkos, H W -- Cabradilla, C D -- Warfield, D T -- Jaffe, H W -- Harrison, A K -- Gottlieb, M S -- Goldfinger, D -- Chermann, J C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jul 6;225(4657):69-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6328663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology/transmission ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/immunology ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/adverse effects ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/*immunology
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  • 81
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    Elevated beta-endorphin in cerebrospinal fluid after electrical brain stimulation: artifact of contrast infusion? (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-01
    Description: Beta-Endorphin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid was assayed in 11 patients receiving electrical stimulation of the brain for chronic pain. Immunoreactivity increased dramatically after contrast ventriculography prior to stimulation. No further elevations were observed after stimulation. The magnitude and time course of elevations were identical after placement of electrodes either in the thalamus or in the periventricular gray matter. These results suggest that previous findings of stimulation-induced elevation of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity in cerebrospinal fluid are attributable to an artifact of contrast ventriculography.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fessler, R G -- Brown, F D -- Rachlin, J R -- Mullan, S -- Fang, V S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 1;224(4652):1017-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6326266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; *Cerebral Ventriculography ; Contrast Media ; *Electronarcosis ; Endorphins/*cerebrospinal fluid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pain/physiopathology ; Pain Management ; Radioimmunoassay ; beta-Endorphin
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  • 82
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    Surface-active biomaterials (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-09
    Description: Since the discovery in 1969 of a man-made surface-active material that would bond to bone, a range of materials with the same ability has been developed. These include glass, glass-ceramic, and ceramic materials which have a range of reaction rates and from which it should be possible to select a surface-active material for a specific application. The available materials and their similarities, differences, and current clinical applications are reviewed.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hench, L L -- Wilson, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):630-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6093253" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biocompatible Materials/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Bone Cements/therapeutic use ; Bone and Bones/metabolism ; Ceramics ; Dogs ; Durapatite ; Glass ; Humans ; Hydroxyapatites/therapeutic use ; Male ; Orthodontics ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred Strains ; Surface Properties ; Tissue Adhesives/therapeutic use
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  • 83
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    HTLV-III in the semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-10-26
    Description: Human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is the probable etiologic agent for the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). HTLV-III was isolated from semen and blood of a healthy homosexual man whose serum contains antibodies to HTLV-III. The finding of virus in semen supports epidemiologic data that suggest that AIDS can be transmitted sexually. In addition, the demonstration of HTLV-III in the blood and semen of a healthy individual establishes an asymptomatic, virus-positive carrier state which may be important in the dissemination of HTLV-III and, consequently, AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ho, D D -- Schooley, R T -- Rota, T R -- Kaplan, J C -- Flynn, T -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Gonda, M A -- Hirsch, M S -- CA 12464/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 35020/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA 37461/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- etc. -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Oct 26;226(4673):451-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6208608" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Blood/*microbiology ; Carrier State ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification ; *Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Microscopy, Electron ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/analysis ; Semen/*microbiology
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  • 84
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    Transfusion-associated AIDS: serologic evidence of human T-cell leukemia virus infection of donors (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-23
    Description: An assay for antibodies to membrane antigens of cells infected by human T-cell leukemia virus was used to examine serum from persons who donated blood to 12 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) associated with blood transfusions. The occurrence of positive results in the assay was significantly greater among donors to the AIDS patients (9 of 117; 7.7 percent) than among random donors (1 of 298; 0.3 percent). Of 12 sets of donors examined, 9 sets included a donor whose serum gave positive results for the presence of the antibodies. In six of these nine sets, the seropositive donor was an individual who was also identified as a possible source of AIDS transmission when epidemiologic and immunologic criteria were used.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaffe, H W -- Francis, D P -- McLane, M F -- Cabradilla, C -- Curran, J W -- Kilbourne, B W -- Lawrence, D N -- Haverkos, H W -- Spira, T J -- Dodd, R Y -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 23;223(4642):1309-12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322301" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*etiology/immunology/transmission ; Adult ; Aged ; Antibodies, Viral/*analysis ; Antigens, Surface/immunology ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; *Blood Donors ; Blood Transfusion/*adverse effects ; Deltaretrovirus/immunology/*pathogenicity ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retroviridae/*immunology ; Retroviridae Infections/*epidemiology ; Risk
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  • 85
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    Blood pressure and nutrient intake in the United States (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-06-29
    Description: A data base of the National Center for Health Statistics, Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I (HANES I), was used to perform a computer-assisted, comprehensive analysis of the relation of 17 nutrients to the blood pressure profile of adult Americans. Subjects were 10,372 individuals, 18 to 74 years of age, who denied a history of hypertension and intentional modification of their diet. Significant decreases in the consumption of calcium, potassium, vitamin A, and vitamin C were identified as the nutritional factors that distinguished hypertensive from normotensive subjects. Lower calcium intake was the most consistent factor in hypertensive individuals. Across the population, higher intakes of calcium, potassium, and sodium were associated with lower mean systolic blood pressure and lower absolute risk of hypertension. Increments of dietary calcium were also negatively correlated with body mass. Even though these correlations cannot be accepted as proof of causation, they have implications for future studies of the association of nutritional factors and dietary patterns with hypertension in America.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McCarron, D A -- Morris, C D -- Henry, H J -- Stanton, J L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jun 29;224(4656):1392-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6729459" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Ascorbic Acid/metabolism ; *Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Calcium/metabolism ; Continental Population Groups ; Energy Intake ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.) ; Nutrition Surveys ; *Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Obesity/metabolism ; Potassium/metabolism ; Sex Factors ; Sodium/metabolism ; United States ; Vitamin A/metabolism
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  • 86
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    Shiga-like toxin-converting phages from Escherichia coli strains that cause hemorrhagic colitis or infantile diarrhea (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-11-09
    Description: Escherichia coli K-12 acquired the ability to produce a high titer of Shiga-like toxin after lysogenization by either of two different bacteriophages isolated from a highly toxinogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain that causes hemorrhagic colitis. One of these phages and another Shiga-like toxin-converting phage from an Escherichia coli O26 isolate associated with infantile diarrhea were closely related in terms of morphology, virion polypeptides, DNA restriction fragments, lysogenic immunity, and heat stability, although a difference in host range was noted. These phages are currently the best-characterized representatives from a broader family of Shiga-like toxin-converting phages.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉O'Brien, A D -- Newland, J W -- Miller, S F -- Holmes, R K -- Smith, H W -- Formal, S B -- AI20148-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Nov 9;226(4675):694-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6387911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/*metabolism ; Bacteriophages/*metabolism ; Colitis, Ulcerative/*microbiology ; DNA, Viral/metabolism ; Diarrhea, Infantile/*microbiology ; Escherichia coli/*metabolism ; Humans ; Rabbits ; Shiga Toxins
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  • 87
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    Kainic acid induces sprouting of retinal neurons (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-02-03
    Description: The neurotoxin kainic acid caused dose-dependent morphological changes in horizontal cells of the retinas of adult cats and rabbits. High concentrations of kainic acid killed the cells, but when exposed to sublethal doses they contracted their dendritic fields and sent sprouting processes into the inner retina. It appears that kainic acid can induce neuronal growth as well as degeneration and that the potential for morphological plasticity is still present in neurons of the adult mammalian retina.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Peichl, L -- Bolz, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Feb 3;223(4635):503-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6691162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats ; Dendrites/ultrastructure ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Kainic Acid/*pharmacology ; Nerve Degeneration/drug effects ; Neurons/cytology/*drug effects ; Pyrrolidines/*pharmacology ; Rabbits ; Retina/cytology/*drug effects
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  • 88
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    Neuroleptic-induced decrease in plasma homovanillic acid and antipsychotic activity in schizophrenic patients (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1984-08-31
    Description: Plasma-free homovanillic acid, a major metabolite of dopamine, was measured in chronically ill schizophrenic patients both before and during treatment with the antipsychotic phenothiazine, fluphenazine. Neuroleptic treatment was associated with a significant time-dependent decrease in plasma homovanillic acid from pretreatment values, which were significantly elevated when compared with those of age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Further, both the absolute concentrations as well as the neuroleptic-induced reductions in plasma homovanillic acid determined over 5 weeks of neuroleptic treatment were statistically significantly correlated with ratings of psychosis and improvement in psychosis, respectively. These findings suggest that the delayed effects of neuroleptic agents on presynaptic dopamine activity may more closely parallel their therapeutic actions than do their immediate effects in blocking postsynaptic dopamine receptors and that a decrease in dopamine "turnover" may be responsible for their antipsychotic effects.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pickar, D -- Labarca, R -- Linnoila, M -- Roy, A -- Hommer, D -- Everett, D -- Paul, S M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Aug 31;225(4665):954-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6474162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Dopamine/metabolism ; Female ; Fluphenazine/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Homovanillic Acid/*blood ; Humans ; Male ; Phenylacetates/*blood ; Schizophrenia/blood/*drug therapy ; Time Factors
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  • 89
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    Fibronectin binds to some bacteria but does not promote their uptake by phagocytic cells (1983)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1983-04-08
    Description: The involvement of plasma fibronectin in phagocytosis of bacteria was investigated by testing the binding of fibronectin to several species of bacteria and by evaluating the ability of fibronectin to promote binding and endocytosis of two species of these bacteria by phagocytic cells. Fibronectin binds non-covalently to Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and to yeast but did not appear to be necessary or sufficient for uptake of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium by several different phagocytic cell types.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Van de Water, L -- Destree, A T -- Hynes, R O -- R01CA17007/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1983 Apr 8;220(4593):201-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6338594" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cricetinae ; Endocytosis ; Fibronectins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages/physiology ; Mice ; Opsonin Proteins/physiology ; *Phagocytosis ; Rabbits ; Salmonella typhimurium/metabolism ; Sepsis/immunology ; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
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  • 90
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    Amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of Lyme disease in New Jersey (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-11
    Description: Amblyomma americanum is a likely secondary vector of Lyme disease in New Jersey. Ticks of this species were removed from the site of the characteristic skin lesion known as erythema chronicum migrans on two patients with the disease, and the Lyme disease spirochete was isolated from nymphs and adults of this species. That A. americanum is a potential vector is supported by its similarities to Ixodes dammini, the known tick vector, in seasonal distribution and host utilization. The extensive range of A. americanum may have great implications for potential Lyme disease transmission outside known endemic areas.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schulze, T L -- Bowen, G S -- Bosler, E M -- Lakat, M F -- Parkin, W E -- Altman, R -- Ormiston, B G -- Shisler, J K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 11;224(4649):601-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6710158" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Animals ; Arachnid Vectors/*microbiology ; Arthritis, Infectious/microbiology/*transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; New Jersey ; Spirochaetales Infections/transmission ; Ticks/*microbiology
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  • 91
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    C-Glucuronidation of the acetylenic moiety of ethchlorvynol in the rabbit (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-08
    Description: An acetylenic C-glucuronide of the sedative-hypnotic drug ethchlorvynol was isolated from rabbit urine as the major metabolite. The C-glucuronide represents a novel metabolic pathway for acetylenes and is a rare example of the formation of a carbon-glucuronide bond in mammalian systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Abolin, C R -- Tozer, T N -- Craig, J C -- Gruenke, L D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 8;209(4457):703-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7394528" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylene ; Animals ; Carbon Radioisotopes ; Ethchlorvynol/*analogs & derivatives/*metabolism/urine ; Glucuronidase ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Mass Spectrometry ; Rabbits ; Spectrophotometry, Infrared
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  • 92
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    Human taste: response and taste bud number in fungiform papillae (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-08-15
    Description: The number of basic taste qualities registered by single human fungiform papillae is correlated with the number of taste buds borne on these papillae. Multiple sensitivity was demonstrated both in single fungiform papillae and in single taste buds, with response to all four of the basic taste qualities occuring in a single taste bud.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arvidson, K -- Friberg, U -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Aug 15;209(4458):807-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403846" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Humans ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; Taste/*physiology ; Taste Buds/cytology/*physiology ; Tongue/cytology/*innervation
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  • 93
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    Goal orientation by blindfolded humans after long-distance displacement: possible involvement of a magnetic sense (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-10-31
    Description: A wide range of animals are able to orient toward home when subjected to displacement-release experiments. When comparable experiments are performed on blindfolded humans, a similar ability emerges. Such goal-orientation does not result from following the complete journey on a mental map, nor is it influenced by cloud cover. Bar magnets worn on the head do seem to exert an influence.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Baker, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct 31;210(4469):555-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7423208" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetics ; Male ; Orientation/*physiology
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  • 94
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    Antibody to spermine: a natural biological constituent (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-06
    Description: A protein that binds spermine specifically was separated from normal rabbit serum by affinity chromatography. Immunoelectrophoresis, the Ouchterlony immunodiffusion test, and gradient gel electrophoresis indicated that this protein has immunoglobulin characteristics and consists of several populations of antibodies to spermine. These were sequentially released from Sepharose-spermine gel by step-wise elution with solutions ranging in pH from 4 to 1. The binding constants varied from 5.0 x 10(8) to 11.1 x 10(8) liters per mole. These globulins did not react with monoacetylputrescine, L-ornithine, L-lysine, and histamine. Negligible cross-reactivity was detected with spermidine, putrescine, N8-monoacetylspermidine, cadaverine, and diaminopropane. Since perturbations in polyamine metabolism have been identified in several diseases, the study of extracellular polyamine homeostasis may reveal an important regulatory function for this protein.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bartos, D -- Bartos, F -- Campbell, R A -- Grettie, D P -- Smejtek, P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 6;208(4448):1178-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7375929" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies/*isolation & purification ; Binding Sites, Antibody ; Chromatography, Affinity ; Homeostasis ; Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification ; Kinetics ; Rabbits ; Spermine/*immunology/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 95
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    Does malnutrition affect fecundity? A summary of evidence (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-05-09
    Description: Moderate chronic malnutrition has only a minor effect on fecundity (reproductive capacity), and the resulting effect on fertility (actural reproduction) is very small. Among the fecundity components examined here in noncontracepting populations, age at menarche and the duration of lactational amenorrhea appear to be the ones most affected by malnutrition. But from neither of those effects can a difference in fertility of more than a few percent be expected between poorly and well-nourished women in developing countries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bongaarts, J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 May 9;208(4444):564-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7367878" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abortion, Induced ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Behavior ; Birth Intervals ; Contraception ; Female ; *Fertility ; Fetal Death/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lactation ; Male ; Marriage ; Menarche ; Menopause ; Middle Aged ; Nutrition Disorders/*physiopathology ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Ovulation ; Pregnancy ; Spermatogenesis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 96
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    Tritiated imipramine binding sites are decreased in platelets of untreated depressed patients (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-07-11
    Description: The high-affinity binding of triatiated imipramine to platelet membranes was compared in samples from 16 untreated depressed women and 21 age-matched controls of the same sex. The maximal binding in the depressed group was significantly lower than that of the controls, although the affinity constants were similar. These results suggest that binding of tritiated imipramine in human platelets may represent a biochemical index of depression, possibly reflecting similar changes in the brain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Briley, M S -- Langer, S Z -- Raisman, R -- Sechter, D -- Zarifian, E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jul 11;209(4453):303-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7384806" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Aged ; Blood Platelets/*analysis ; Cell Membrane/metabolism ; Depression/*blood ; Humans ; Imipramine/*blood ; Kinetics ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Drug/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 97
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    A bank for Nobel sperm (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1980-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Broad, W J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 21;207(4437):1326-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355292" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Insemination, Artificial ; *Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous ; Male ; *Nobel Prize ; *Spermatozoa ; *Tissue Banks ; Tissue Donors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 98
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    Biological and sociocultural effects on handedness: comparison between biological and adoptive families (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-09-12
    Description: Data from adoption studies on handedness indicate that the effects of shared biological heritage are more powerful determinants of hand preference than sociocultural factors. Biological offspring were found to show nonrandom distributions of right- and non-right-handedness as a function of parental handedness; these distributions were consistent with the results fo previous family studies. In contrast, the handedness distribution of adopted children as a function of parental handedness was essentially random.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carter-Saltzman, L -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Sep 12;209(4462):1263-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7403887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adoption ; Adult ; Cultural Characteristics ; *Environment ; *Functional Laterality ; Genetics ; Humans ; Sociology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 99
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    Acetylcholine synthesis by displaced amacrine cells (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-10-01
    Description: The ganglion cell layer of the rabbit retina contains neurons that synthesize acetylcholine. To identify these neurons, the ganglion cells were labeled by retrograde transport of a fluorescent dye, and the acetylcholine-synthesizing cells of the same retinas were labeled by exposing the tissue to tritiated choline. Autoradiographs inspected by fluorescence microscopy showed that tritiated acetylcholine and the dye accumulated in different cells. Optic nerves of other animals were sectioned, causing degeneration of many neurons of the ganglion cell layer. This loss affected neither the retina's overall rate of acetylcholine synthesis nor the number of acetylcholine-containing cells in the ganglion cell layer. The acetylcholine-synthesizing neurons thus appear to be displaced amacrine cells.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hayden, S A -- Mills, J W -- Masland, R M -- EY 01075/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- HLO 6664/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Oct;210(4468):435-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7433984" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylcholine/*biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cholinergic Fibers/metabolism ; Neurons/metabolism ; Rabbits ; Retina/cytology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 100
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    Rand issues final alcoholism report (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-02-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Holden, C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Feb 22;207(4433):855-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7355266" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Alcoholism/*physiopathology/prevention & control/therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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