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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3,049)
  • 1980-1984  (3,049)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1981  (3,049)
Collection
Publisher
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  • 1980-1984  (3,049)
  • 1975-1979
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 1-7 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Oxidation von 18/8 Stählen in Kohlendioxid + 2% Kohlenmonoxid bei hohem DruckDie Oxidation verschiedener 18/8 Stähle in Gemischen aus Kohlendioxid und 2% Kohlenmonoxid wurde im Temperaturbereich 550 bis 650°C durch intermittierende Messung der Gewichtszunahme, metallographische Untersuchung, Fraktographie und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie verfolgt. Schon in einem frühen Oxidationsstadium entsteht eine Duplex-Zunderschicht. Die Gewichtszunahme/Zeit-Kurven zeigen zwei Prozeßstufen, und zwar ein Anfangsstadium, das sich exponentiell dem zweiten langsameren Stadium annähert. Die Geschwindigkeit der Duplex-Zunderbildung zeigte nicht die übliche Temperaturabhängigkeit; indessen wurde bei etwa 600°C ein Maximum der Geschwindigkeit festgestellt. Die sekundären Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeiten waren bei 650 und 550°C deutlich zu erkennen und lagen bei der niedrigeren Temperatur höher. Im Zunder traten verschiedene Spinelle auf. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse werden mit der Annahme gedeutet, daß Kationendiffusion durch verschiedene innere Spinelle der geschwindigkeitsbestimmende Schritt ist.
    Notes: The oxidation of a variety of 18/8 stainless steels in high pressure CO2/2% CO has been followed in the temperature range 550-650°C using intermittent weight gain measurement metallography, fractography and scanning electron microscopy. Duplex scales formed at an early stage of oxidation. The weight gain curves were analysed in terms of a two stage process, the initial stage exponentially approaching a slower secondary stage. The primary rate of duplex scale formation did not show the usual temperature dependence. Rather a maximum in the rate was observed at ∼600°C. Secondary rates were well established at 650°C and 550°C the secondary rate at 550°C, however, being higher than that at 650°C. Various spinels occurred and the results are explained in terms of the rate controlling process being cation diffusion through different inner spinels.
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 13-18 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Inhibitoren der passiven Korrosion - Anwendung einer neuen Untersuchungsmethode mit dünnen OxidschichtenEine neue Methode, Inhibitoren der passiven Korrosion zu untersuchen, wird vorgestellt. Potentiodynamische Stromspannungs- und Kapazitätskurven wurden im System Au/Fe2+ in Gegenwart von Inhibitoren aufgenommen. Veränderungen bei der Bildung und Reduktion des γ-FeOOH, des Goldoxids and bei der Sauerstoffentwicklung ermöglichen Aussagen über die Intensität und den Mechanismus der Inhibition.Vorzugsweise warden organische Stickstoffverbindungen untersucht. Pentylamin war ohne Einfluß auf oxidbedeckte Elektroden, während Benzimidazol und seine Derivate starke Inhibitionswirkung zeigten. Die Kapazitätsdaten lassen sich als Reihenschaltung der Kapazitäten von Oxid und Inhibitorschicht deuten. Die Inhibitionswirkung beruht wahrscheinlich auf einer Adsorption des Inhibitors an der Oxidoberfläche. Diese Adsorptionsschicht behindert den Durchtritt hydratisierter Ionen, ist aber ohne Einfluß auf Reaktionen adsorbierter Wassermoleküle, wie z. B. die Sauerstoffentwicklung.Die Anwendbarkeit der Untersuchungsmethode auf andere Systeme wird diskutiert.
    Notes: A new method to test the inhibitors of passive corrosion is presented. Potentiodynamic i(ε)- and C(ε)-curves are recorded in the system Au/Fe2+, inhibitor. The investigations of formation and reduction of the FeOOH-layer, of gold oxide and the oxygen evolution allow estimations of the inhibition efficiency and mechanism.Some organic nitrogencompounds are tested. Pentylamine is ineffective for oxide surfaces, but benzimidazole and its derivates show inhibition effects. The capacity data can be evaluated using a condensor model of a connection in series of the oxide and the inhibitor layer. The detailed discussion shows that adsorption at the film surface is most probable. Such layers inhibite the transfer of hydrated ions, but reactions of water molecules are not influenced, e.g. oxygen evolution.The applicability of this method to other systems is discussed.
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 7-12 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Werkstoffeigenschaften auf die Beständigkeit gegen Kavitation in FlüssigkeitenDie Wirkung der Kavitation in Flüssigkeiten auf die Bauteile von Strömungsmaschinen kann entweder durch aktive oder durch passive Maßnahmen ausgeschaltet werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Möglichkeiten zur Verringerung der Kavitationswirkung auf Werkstoffe mit Hilfe von passiven Methoden beschrieben. Dabei werden verschiedene Methoden zur Beschreibung des Erosionsverschleißes in Abhängigkeit von den Werkstoffeigenschaften erörtert. Anschließend wird ein mathematisches Modell entwickelt, bei welchem der Einfluß wichtiger mechanischer Eigenschaften auf das Erosionsverhalten gezeigt wird. Aus dem mathematischen Modell läßt sich die Beziehung zwischen der Kavitationsbeständigkeit eines Werkstoffs und seinen mechanischen Eigenschaften ableiten. Der Einfluß wichtiger Materialeigenschaften auf die Beständigkeit gegen Kavitation in Flüssigkeiten wird anhand dieses Modells erörtert.
    Notes: The influence of the liquid cavitation on the elements of fluid-flow machines can be removed in either an active or passive way. In this paper possibilities of reduction of the cavitation effect on the constructional materials in a passive way are described. Different methods of the material erosion wear description, depending on its properties, are discussed. A mathematical model, regarding the principal mechanical features of the material, is proposed. The mathematical model shows the relation between cavitation resistance of the material and its properties. The effect of principal properties of the material on its resistance on the liquid cavitation influence based on this model is discussed.
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  • 5
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 31-32 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 19-30 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of phosphates and/or silicates on copper ion induced pitting of galvanized hot water tubingIn connection with studies on the copper-induced pitting of galvanized steel tubes the inhibition by phosphates and/or silicates should be investigated. The investigations were carried out in Berlin tap water, at temperatures of 65°C. Inhibitors used were o-phosphate, p-phosphate, combinations of o/p-phosphate and phosphate/silicate as well as two silicates.All these inhibitors reduced the general corrosion of galvanized steel and copper. Best results were obtained with p-phosphate. Protective layers on both metals were produced not before a time of 150-200 days.Number and depth of pits were positively influenced by nearly all the inhibitors used. But only the combination phosphate/silicate lead to a complete prevention from copper-induced pitting. O-phosphate showed the lowest efficiency.These investigations once again pointed to the importance of the phase boundaries air/water/tube or deposits/water/tube as nuclei for pitting in tubes.A second layer containing calcium and inhibitors was formed on the primary layer of zinc corrosion products. These secondary layers are responsible for corrosion protection by the inhibitors.
    Notes: Anschließend an Untersuchungen zum kupferinduzierten Lochfraß in verzinkten Rohren sollte geprüft werden, ob mittels der gesetzlich für die Nachaufbereitung von Trinkwässern zugelassenen Inhibitoren Phosphat und/oder Silikat eine positive Beeinflussung dieser in Mischinstallationen auftretenden Korrosionserscheinungen möglich ist. Die Versuche sind in Berliner Leitungswasser bei 65°C in einer Umlaufapparatur über eine Laufzeit von zwei Jahren durchgeführt worden. Dosiert wurden o-Phosphat, p-Phosphat, Mischungen aus o/p-Phosphat, zwei Silikate als Natronwasserglas sowie eine Mischung aus Silikat/Phosphat.Unter den gewählten Versuchsbedingungen wurde mit allen Inhibitoren eine Inhibition der Flächenkorrosion bei verzinktem Stahlrohr und Kupfer erzielt. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit Polyphosphat erreicht. Bei verzinktem Stahl und z. T. auch bei Kupfer bilden sich Schutzschichten erst nach 150-200 Tagen.Die kupferinduzierte Lochkorrosion wird zwar von den meisten Inhibitoren bezüglich Lochzahl und -tiefe günstig beeinflußt, eine vollständige Unterdrückung gelingt jedoch nur mit dem Gemisch Silikat/Phosphat. Orthophosphat hat die geringste Wirkung. Auch diese Arbeit zeigt die Bedeutung von Phasengrenzen wie Luft/Wasser/Rohr oder Ablagerungen/Wasser/Rohr als Keimbildner der Lochkorrosion.Inhibitoren und Calcium bilden auf der primären Deckschicht aus Zinkkorrosionsprodukten eine zweite, darüberliegende Schicht, deren Ausbildung für die Schutzwirkung des Inhibitors verantwortlich ist.Die Untersuchungen haben außerdem gezeigt, wie bedeutsam eine sachkundige und regelmäßige Wartung für die Funktionsfähigkeit einer Dosieranlage ist.
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  • 7
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 38-55 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 33-36 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 56-56 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 10
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 37-37 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 56-56 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R1 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R6 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R4 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R15 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R23 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R24 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 19
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R26 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 57-65 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion behaviour of tantalum in hot hydrochloric acidOn account of its excellent resistance to corrosion and the high thermal conductivity tantalum is used in the chemical engineering industry. Used in hydrochloric acid at higher pressure and temperatures up to 200 °C localized embrittlements appeared, caused by a local increase of the hydrogen content. Loading tests in streaming hydrogen, by cathodic loading in different hydrochloric acid concentrations and different current densities as well as in the autoclave at 180 °C and hydrochloric acid concentrations up to 36% did not result in significant differences at electron beam melted or sintered material with different heat-treatments. Welding scams behaved analogous to the sheat-material, too. The electric conductivity shows a distinct dependance on the amount of hydrogen dissolved in the tantalum. To control a plant such measurements can be done on different tantalum parts to determine the amount of dissolved hydrogen.
    Notes: Tantal wird wegen seiner ausgezeichneten Korrosionsbeständigkeit und der hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Chemieanlagenbau eingesetzt. Beim Einsatz in hochkonzentrierter Salzsäure bei höherem Druck und Temperaturen bis zu 200 °C zeigten sich örtlich begrenzte Versprödungserscheinungen, deren Ursache eine lokale Wasserstoffaufnahme war. Beladungsversuche im Wasserstoffstrom, durch kathodische Beladung in unterschiedlichen Salzsäurekonzentrationen und unterschiedlichen Stromdichten sowie im Autoklaven bei 180 °C und Salzsäurekonzentrationen bis 36% ergaben keine signifikanten Unterschiede bei elektronenstrahlgeschrnolzenem oder gesintertern Material unterschiedlicher Wärmebehandlung. Auch Schweißnähte verhielten sich analog zum Grundmaterial. Die elektrische Leitfähigkeit zeigt eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der aufgenommenen Wasserstoffmenge. Zur Überwachung von Anlagen sind solche Messungen auch an Anlageteilen bei Stillstand der Anlage durchführbar.
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  • 22
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 66-72 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the influence of microstructure of steels on steady state hydrogen permeationThe effect of microstructure of iron and of a low alloyed steel on steady state hydrogen permeation is studied by means of the electrochemical permeation method adapted to hydrogen gas phase charching at pH2 = 1 bar in the temperature range of 15 to 80 °C. In case of pure annealed iron the permeation coefficient is given by \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \phi ^0 _{\rm H} ({\rm T}) = (2.57 \pm 0.48)10^{- 7} \exp \{- (34.32 \pm 0.42){\rm kJ/mol} \cdot {\rm RT}\} \,({\rm mol}\,{\rm H/cm} \cdot {\rm s} \cdot {\rm bar}^{{{\rm 1} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm 1} 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}}) $$\end{document} Impurities, oxide inclusions and a high density of lattice defects do not affect steady state hydrogen permeation remarkably. In steel specimens of different microstructure (pearlitic, martensitic, bainitic) hydrogen permeability is decreased by a factor 4 to 8. Carbide precipitates in tempered martensite do not change the permeation coefficient. Also cold deformation by rolling to about 15% shows no effect on steady state permeation. Cold rolling to about 40% or higher degrees decreases the steady state hydrogen flux considerably. In all cases, no essential change in temperature dependence is observed.
    Notes: Der Einfluß des Gefügezustandes des Eisens und eines niedriglegierten Stahls auf den stationären Wasserstoffdurchtritt wird mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen Permeationsmethode unter Wasserstoffaufnahme aus der Gasphase hci pH2 = 1 bar im Temperaturbereich von 15 bis 80 °C untersucht. Der Permeationskoeffizient des Wasserstoffs für reines rekristallisiertes Eisen läßt sich durch \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ \phi ^0 _{\rm H} ({\rm T}) = (2,57 \pm 0,48)10^{- 7} \exp \{- (34,32 \pm 0,42){\rm kJ/mol} \cdot {\rm RT}\} \,({\rm mol}\,{\rm H/cm} \cdot {\rm s} \cdot {\rm bar}^{{{\rm 1} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{\rm 1} 2}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} 2}}) $$\end{document} beschreiben. Verunreinigungen durch Fremdatome und oxidische Einschlüsse sowie eine hohe Gitterfehlerdichte haben im Eisen keinen merklichen Einfluß auf die stationäre Wasserstoffpermeation. Beim niedriglegierten Stahl liegt der Permeationskoeffizient je nach Gefügezustand (Perlit, Martensit, Bainit) urn den Faktor 4 bis 8 niedriger als beim Eisen. Karbidausscheidungen im angelassenen Martensit verändern die stationäre Permeationsstromdichte nicht. Eine geringe Kaltverformung urn 15% verursacht ebenfalls keine Änderung des stationären Permeationsstromes. Bei Verformungsgraden größer 40% wird der Wasserstoffdurchtritt stärker behindert. Eine deutliche Änderung der Temperaturabhängigkeit ist in allen Fällen nicht zu erkennen.
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  • 23
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 73-78 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations on the influence of microstructure of steels on unsteady state hydrogen permeationThe effect of microstructure of iron and a low alloyed steel on hydrogen permeation at room temperature is studied by means of the electrochemical permeation method. Hydrogen transport through these materials during charging or effusion processes is affected by microstructural heterogeneities and hydrogen content. The diffusivity as a function of the state of the materials ranges over about five orders of magnitude. In course of non-steady state diffusion dislocations and interfaces decrease the effective diffusivity to values between 10-7 and 10-9 cm2/s. At steady state permeation the diffusivity reaches the values of 10-5 to 10-4 cm2/s.
    Notes: Der Einfluß des Gefügezustandes des Eisens und eines niedriglegierten Stahles auf die Wasserstoffpermeation bei Raumtemperatur wird mit Hilfe der elektrochemischen Permeationsmethode untersucht. Die Transportvorgänge im Werkstoff während der Wasserstoffbeladung oder -effusion werden durch die Gefügeelemente und den Wasserstoffgehalt beeinflußt. Die in Abhängigkeit vom Werkstoffzustand ermittelten Diffusionskoeffizienten überstreichen bis zu fünf Zehnerpotenzen. Bei instationärer Diffusion bewirken Versetzungen und Phasengrenzen einen Abfall des effektiven Diffusionskoeffizienten auf Werte zwischen 10-7 und 10-9 cm2/s. Bei stationärer Permeation werden Diffusionskoeffizienten zwischen 10-5 and 10-4 cm2/s erreicht.
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  • 24
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 104-112 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 92-104 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 85-91 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Longterm corrosion field tests with austenitic steels in the high pressure parts of a urea plantIn view of the conditions encountered in urea manufacture, in particular in the high pressure section the corrosion resistance is investigated using various austenitic steels immersed in reaction mixtures typical of urea manufacture. The specimens were placed in an operating plant; different test durations (total 13 000 hours) enable the time dependence of the attack to be assessed. The steels tested were CrNi steels with nitrogen and 17.45-19.8% Cr and 10.3-12% Ni, CrNiMo steels, some of them with Ti and Cu addition and 17% Cr and 20 and 13.8% Ni, respectively. According to the results the corrosion resistance increases with the chromium level while ferrite in particular with longer test durations has a pronounced negative effect. A suitable screening test for corrosion resistance under the conditions of urea manufacture is testing in boiling nitric acid.
    Notes: Im Hinblick auf die Verhältnisse in Harnstoffanlagen, vor allem für den Hochdruckteil, wird die Beständigkeit verschiedener austenitischer Stäble in den bei der Harnstoffsynthese auftretenden Reaktionsgemischen untersucht. Die Proben wurden dazu in Betriebsanlagen eingelegt, wobei durch unterschiedliche Beanspruchungsdauer (Gesamtdauer 13 000 Stunden) Aussagen über den zeitlichen Verlauf des Angriffs möglich waren. Bei den Stählen handelte es sich um CrNi-Stähle mit Stickstoffzusatz und 17,45 bis 19,8% Chrom sowie 10,3 bis 12% Nickel und um CrNiMo-Stähle, teilweise mit Stickstoffzusatz und 15 bis 19,7% Chrom and 11,2 bis 6,5% Nickel und schließlich um CrNiMo-Stähle mit Ti- und Cu-Zusatz sowie 17% Cr und 20 bzw. 13,8% Nickel. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse nimmt die Korrosionsbeständigkeit mit dem Chromgehalt zu, während Ferrit, besonders bei längerer Versuchsdauer, deutlich negative Wirkungen hat. Als Vorprüfung auf Beständigkeit unter den Bedingungen der Harnstoffherstellung eignet sich die Prüfung in siedender Salpetersäure.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R27 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 79-85 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Technical and economical evaluation of corrosion losses for steel structures in aggressive atmospheresThe paper contains a comparative survey of specific costs for procurement and maintenance of light to medium heavy steel structures protected by various coating systems (e.g. hot galvanizing with top coat renewed at regular intervals, sprayed aluminium coating with sealing coat). As an alternative the use of weathering steel is considered. In addition optimum protection variants are considered for atmospheres of defined aggressivities.
    Notes: Die Arbeit enthält einen Vergleich der spezifischen Kosten für die Anschaffung und die Instandhaltung von Stahlkonstruktionen (leicht bis mittelschwer), die mit verschiedenen Korrosionsschutzsystemen geschützt sind (z. B. Anstrichsysteme, Feuerverzinkung mit Deckanstrich, der in regelmäßigen Abständen erneuert wird, Aluminiumspritzüberzug mit Verdichtungsanstrich). Dazu wird als Alternative die Verwendung von langsamrostendem Stahl berücksichtigt. Ebenso wird auf optimale Schutzvarianten für Atmosphären definierter Aggressivität eingegangen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R35 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R42 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R45 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 113-118 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Solid corrosion products - II. Aluminium and ironThis review is concerned with the solid corrosion products of aluminium and iron which are formed in the atmosphere, in natural waters or in soils. It contains informations about the lattice type, forming conditions, solubility and morphology.
    Notes: Es wird eine Übersicht über die festen Korrosionsprodukte von Aluminium und Eisen gegeben. Es werden nur solche Verbindungen berücksichtigt, die sich an der Atmosphäre, in natürlichen Wässern oder im Erdboden bilden. Die Arbeit enthält Angaben über den Gittertyp, die Bildungsbedingungen, die Löslichkeit und über die Morphologie der Korrosionsprodukte.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 119-128 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß des Oberflächenzustands auf die Auslösung von Spaltkorrosion an nichtrostenden StählenVorgelegt werden Ergebnisse von Lagerversuchen in natürlichem Meerwasser und im Laboratorium; dabei wurden Probenanordnungen mit Mehrfachspalten benutzt. Die Ergebnisse mit austenitischen und ferritisch-austenitischen Stählen verschiedener Oberflächenzustände zeigen, daß eine Behandlung mit Säure die Spaltkorrosionsbeständigkeit von geschliffenen Oberflächen beträchtlich verbessert. Beizen in verdünnter Schwefelsäure und Passivieren in Salpetersäure haben dabei praktisch den gleichen günstigen Effekt wie das übliche Beizen in Salpetersäure + Flußsäure. Die günstige Wirkung des passivierenden Beizens beruht auf der Entfernung der an der Oberfläche befindlichen Sulfideinschlüsse, die Keimstellen für Lochkorrosion bilden, die der Spaltkorrosion vorangeht. Die potentiodynamisch ermittelten Lochkorrosionspotentiale sowie die Ergebnisse von Versuchen in 10% FeCl3 · 6 H2O (ASTM G 48-76) zeigen schlechte Übereinstimmung mit den in Meerwasser erhaltenen Ergebnissen.
    Notes: Results from sea-water and laboratory exposure tests with multiple crevice assemblies are presented. The results from tests on austenitic and ferritic-austenitic stainless steel samples subjected to various surface treatments demonstrate that an acid treatment greatly improves the crevice corrosion resistance of previously ground surfaces. Pickling in dilute sulphuric acid and passivation in nitric acid has thereby virtually the same beneficial effect as the common nitric + hydrofluoric pickling acid. The beneficial effect of pickling and passivation is related to the removal from the surface of sulphide inclusions, being potential nucleation sites for the initiation of discrete pitting attacks preceding the onset of crevice corrosion. Potentiodynamically determined pitting potentials and results from testing in 10% FeCl3 · 6 H2O according to ASTM G 48-76 show poor correlation with results from sea-water exposures.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 129-135 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New method for the determination of pit growth kinetics - Results on aluminiumA new method to study the pit growth kinetics is proposed. On metal foils with an appropriate detecting system on the backside of the specimen the perforation time of a growing pit is easily measured. Using metal foils of different thicknesses the pit growth kinetics can be investigated for various metal/potential/environment-conditions.The results obtained on aluminium show that the pit growth rate is time dependent. It is also markedly influenced by the applied potential and the chloride concentration of the electrolyte. Furthermore pit growth limiting potentials have been determined by electrolyte exchange experiments for various chloride concentrations. Below them pit growth is not possible. Comparing these values with the potentiostatically determined pitting potentials it can be concluded that the pitting potentials of aluminium depend primarily on pit growth rather than on pit formation.
    Notes: Die in dieser Arbeit vorgeschlagene Untersuchungsmethode erlaubt es, die Lochwachstumskinetik bei allen Metallen, welche in Blechform erhältlich sind, unabhängig vom Elektrolyt und unter kontrollierten elektrochemischen Bedingungen zu studieren. Mit dem für diesen Zweck entwickelten Detektorsystem 1äßt sich jene Zeit genau erfassen, welche die Löcher benötigen, um eine bestimmte Blechdicke zu perforieren. Durch die Verwendung mehrerer Blechdicken sind Aussagen über die Wachstumskinetik möglich.Die Untersuchungen mit dieser Methodik an Aluminium haben gezeigt, daß die Lochwachstumsgeschwindigkeit bzw. die Lochstromdichte vom Potential, vgn., der Chloridkonzentration und vom Alter des Loches abhängig ist. Es konnte weiter mit Elektrolytaustauschexperimenten nachgewiesen werden, daß jeder Chloridkonzentration ein Lochwachstumspotential zugeordnet werden kann, unterhalb dem die Löcher nicht wachsen können. Der Vergleich des Lochwachstumspotentials mit dem potentiostatisch bestimmten Lochfraßpotential 1äßt den Schluß zu, daß bei Aluminium das Lochfraßpotential eher ein Lochwachstums- als ein Lochbildungspotential ist.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 138-140 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 135-137 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung von Acrylharz-Deckschichten mit Zusatz von Dibenzoylmethan zur Verbesserung des Korrosionsschutzes von C-haltigen Stählen unter der Bedingung des Kondensation-Feuchtigkeit-TestsDie physikalische Bindung zwischen einer organischen Schutzschicht und einer metallischen Oberfläche kann verstärkt werden, wenn chemische Wechselwirkungen auftreten. Dieser Effekt wird in dieser Arbeit durch Dibenzoylmethan erzielt, welches einer auf C-Stahl aufgetragenen Acryl-Harz-Schutzschicht zugesetzt wird. Die Wirkung beruht auf der Bildung eines Eisenkomplexes auf der Metalloberfläche und läßt sich durch den eindeutigen Anstieg der Korrosionsschutzwirkung im Kondensations-Feuchtigkeit-Test zeigen.
    Notes: The physical adhesion between organic coating film and metallic surface can be enhanced by chemical interactions. This effect is achieved in this work by dibenzoylmethane which is added to an acrylic resin solution for the coating of carbon steel surface, as demonstrated by the formation of the iron complex on the metallic surface and the significant increase in corrosion resistance of the coating film in a condensing humidity test.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 141-149 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 149-154 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 154-156 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 156-156 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 182-187 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into oxidation and mechanical properties of aluminium cast iron at temperatures of 923 to 1373 KAn analysis of the oxidation process of aluminium cast iron containing up to 30% Al has been made and tests of the mechanical properties of cast iron have been carried out at different temperatures (923-1373 K). The oxidation process was carried out in air of 1 bar pressure. Measurements of kinetics were made using the gravimetric method in the above temperature range. The oxidation products were identified by x-ray microanalysis, x-ray diffraction and metallographic analysis. The mass change during the oxidation process was evaluated in cycling temperature conditions. Mechanical properties were determined and involved hardness, impact resistance and abrasion behaviour. The corrosion resistance was defined as well as the change of mechanical properties of the cast iron at higher temperatures.
    Notes: Es wurde die Oxidation von Aluminiumgußeisen analysiert und die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Gußeisens im Temperaturbereich 923-1373 K geprüft. Die Oxidation wurde in Luft bei einem Druck von 1 bar durchgeführt, die Kinetik wurde gravimetrisch ermittelt. Die Analyse der Oxidationsprodukte erfolgte durch Mikrosonden- und Röntgenfeinstrukturuntersuchungen. Ebenfalls verfolgt wurde Massenänderung während des Oxidationsprozesses bei periodisch wechselnder Temperatur. An mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden Härte, Schlagfestigkeit und Verschleißverhalten untersucht. Ziele der Versuche waren die Bestimmung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit sowie die Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften unter Wärmeeinwirkung.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 167-173 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion behaviour of iron and steel in liquid ammoniaPolarization curves were measured with iron in liquid ammonia containing various electrolytes of different acidities at - 40°C and + 20°C. The dissolution rate of iron by formation of iron(II) is independent of the electrolyte composition and follows a Tafel-line of the slope RT/2.0.4 F. At positive potentials iron becomes passive. The steady state current densities are nearly independent of the electrode potential and grow with acid concentration and temperature. At very positive electrode potentials the current densities again increase exponentially with the potential. The current efficiencies for nitrogen evolution and iron(III) dissolution are of equal magnitude. Iron oxidized in air exhibits an electrochemical behavior distinctly different from the one of iron passivated in liquid ammonia. Very probably the passivating layer is composed of iron nitride with a thickness of the order of nm. Passive steel FG 32 in the soft state after heat treatment corrodes at about the same rate as pure iron, but approximately 8 times faster in the cold worked state.
    Notes: An Eisen in flüssigem Ammoniak wurden bei -40°C und bei + 20°C Stromspannungskurven in stark und schwach sauren Elektrolytlösungen gemessen. Die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit des aktiven Eisens zu Eisen(II) ist unabhägig von der Elektrolytzusammensetzung und folgt einer Tafel-Geraden mit der Neigung RT/2 · 0.4 F. Bei positiven Elcktrodenpotentialen wird das Eisen passiv. Die stationären Stromdichten sind nahezu potentialunabhängig und nehmen mit der Säurekonzentration und der Temperatur zu. Bei sehr positiven Elektrodenpotentialen wachsen die Stromdichten wieder exponentiell mit dem Potential. Die Stromausbeuten für, die Entwicklung von Stickstoff und die Eisen (III)-auflösung sind ähnlich groß. Luftpassives Eisen unterscheidet sich im elektrochemischen Verhalten deutlich von in Ammoniak passiviertem. Es entsteht sehr wahrscheinlich eine Eisennitridschicht mit einer Dicke der Größenordnung nm. Passiver Stahl FG 32 korrodiert im weichgeglühten Zustand etwa ebenso schnell wie reines Eisen, aber im kaltgezogenen Zustand rund 8mal schneller.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 157-167 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The effect of martensite on the corrosion properties of 18 Cr-10 Ni steelThe corrosion properties of the martensitic phases formed in an austenitic matrix by (i) cooling to low temperature (-196 and -269°C resp. -320 and -452°F) and (ii) cold working at room temperature was investigated for two chromium-nickel stainless steels of the 18 Cr10 Ni type. Austenite and martensite have the same chemical composition but different lattice structures.In sulfuric acid, both martensitic phases formed at low temperature and by cold working arc preferentially attacked in the active range of corrosion. The effect of potential on the corrosion attack was elucidated by potentiostatically controlled experiments with subsequent light-optical and SEM-investigation of the specimens.Selective corrosion attack of the martensitic phase was found down to a potential being 0.8 V more negative than the cathodic limiting potential of the active corrosion range of a fully austenitic steel, irrespective of the way of the martensite transformation. The preferential attack of martensite may be explained by the supposition that the deposition of cathodically protecting layers possibly consisting of nickel is rendered more difficult at the martensitic surface areas.In sulfuric acid, no differences in the corrosion properties between austenite and martensite were found in the passive and transpassive range. In chloride containing aqueous solutions, the resistance to pitting is not effected by martensite formed at low temperature. From this it is concluded that also martensite formed by cold working does not effect the pitting resistance.
    Notes: Am Beispiel von zwei Chrom-Nickel-Stählen der Art 18 Cr-10 Ni wurde das Korrosionsverhalten von durch Abkühlen auf tiefe Temperaturen (-196 sowie -269°C) sowie durch Verformen bei Raumtemperatur gebildeten Martensitphasen, die in der austenitischen Matrix vorlagen, untersucht. Austenit- and Martensitphase haben die gleiche chemische Zusammensetzung, aber unterschiedliche Gitterstrukturen.In Schwefelsäure werden Tieftemperatur- und Verformungsmartensit im Aktivbereich der Korrosion bevorzugt angegriffen. Die Potentialabhängigkeit dieses Angriffs wurde durch potentiostatische Halteversuche ermittelt und die Form des Korrosionsangriffs licht- und rasterelektronenmikroskopisch untersucht. Eine selektive Korrosion der Martensitphase wurde bis zu Potentialen, die um 0,8 V negativer waren als die kathodische Begrenzung des Aktivbereichs der Korrosion eines vollaustenitischen Stahles, gefunden. Hinsichtlich der Ausdehnung dieses Potentialbereiches der selektiven Martensitkorrosion bestehen keine Unterschiede zwischen Tieftemperatur- und Verformungsmartensit. Die selektive Martensitkorrosion wird durch eine erschwerte Abscheidung kathodisch schützender Deckschichten, wobei es sich möglicherweise um Nickel handelt, auf den martensitischen Oberflächenbereichen gedeutet.Im Passiv- und Transpassivbereich werden in schwefelsaurer Lösung keine Unterschiede im Korrosionsverhalten zwischen austenitischen und martensitischen Phasen gefunden. Ebenfalls wird die Lochkorrosionsbeständigkeit von Chrom-Nickel-Stahl in annähernd neutralen, chloridhaltigen wässrigen Lösungen durch Tieftemperaturmartensit nicht beeinflußt. Aus dem sonst gleichen Korrosionsverhalten von Tieftemperatur- und Verformungsmartensit ist auch auf einen fehlenden Einfluß von Verformungsmartensit auf die Lochkorrosionsbestädigkeit zu schließen.
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    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into the influence of the microstructure on the intercrystalline and grainphase corrosion of pure aluminium-zinc-magnesium alloys in an 1 M sodium chloride solutionPotentiostatic polarisation tests of homogeneous pure aluminium-zinc-magnesium 2- and aluminium-zinc-magnesium 3-alloys as well as of a pure aluminium zinc-magnesium 3-alloy with two step ageing and quench-interruption treatments were carried out in an airsaturated 1 M sodium chloride solution at a temperature of 303 K. The pure aluminium-zinc-magnesium 3-alloy contents (weight percent): zinc 4,76; magnesium 3,00: impurities 0,08; balance aluminium, the pure aluminium-zinc-magnesium 2-alloy: zinc 4,60; magnesium 2,00; impurities 0,011; balance aluminium. The more negative breakdown potential in the homogeneous aluminium-zinc-magnesium-alloy than in the pure aluminium is caused by the zinc. According to the heattreatment the aged aluminium-zinc-magnesium 3-alloy shows above the breakdown potential grainphase corrosion and/or intercrystalline corrosion. In contrast to specimens with G.P.-zones or ν-precipitates in the matrix the specimens with ν′-matrix precipitates are grain-phase corroded along deep parallel streaks. This observation is attributed to the favoured formation of the ν′-precipitates on the (111)-planes in the matrix. The intercrystalline corrosion is more marked in specimens with a wider precipitate free zone, i.e. with a higher concentration of zinc and magnesium in the precipitate free zone.
    Notes: An einer homogenen, sowie stufenausgelagerten und teilweise stufenabgeschreckten reinen Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium 3-Legierung und homogenen reinen Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium 2-Legierung wurden im unbelasteten Zustand potentiostatische Halteversuche in einer luftgesättigten 1 M Natriumchloridlösung bei 303 K durchgeführt. Die Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium 3-Legierung enthielt (in Gew.-%): Zink 4,76; Magnesium 3,00; Verunreinigungen 0,08; Rest Aluminium, die reine Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium 2-Legierung: Zink 4,60; Magnesium 2,00; Verunreinigungen 0,011; Rest Aluminium. Die gegenüber dem reinen Aluminium negativeren Durchbruchpotentiale der homogenen Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium-Legierungen werden durch das Zink verursacht. Oberhalb der Durchbruchpotentiale tritt bei der ausgelagerten Aluminium-Zink-Magnesium 3-Legierung je nach Wämebehandlung Kornflächen- und/oder Korngrenzenangriff auf. Im Gegensatz zu den Proben mit G. P.-Zonen oder ν′-Matrixausscheidungen erfolgt der Kornflächenangriff in den Proben mit ν′-Matrixausscheidungen ausgeprägt entlang parallel zueinanderliegender Bereiche. Diese Beobachtung wird auf die bevorzugte Bildung der ν′-Ausscheidungen auf den (111)-Ebenen der Matrix zurückgeführt. Die interkristalline Korrosion wird mit breiterem ausscheidungsfreiem Saum und der damit verbundenen höheren Konzentration an Zink und Magnesium im ausscheidungsfreien Saum stärker.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 188-193 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 193-196 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 197-200 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of water and dissolved gases on the corrosion behaviour of iron in liquid ammoniaOxygen increases the corrosion rate of active iron in liquid ammonia at + 20°C and passivates iron at concentrations exceeding a critical concentration which increases with the acidity. Water acts as an acid and increases the corrosion rate of passive iron up to 0.1 wt. %. At higher concentrations of water, corrosion is inhibited probably because of the precipitation of hydrated iron (III) oxide. Carbon dioxide always enhances the corrosion rate of passive iron acting as a strong acid and a strong complexing agent for iron (III). At high concentrations of carbon dioxide or ammonium carbaminate iron cannot be passivated.
    Notes: Sauerstoff erhöht die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des aktiven Eisens in flüssigem Ammoniak bei + 20 °C und passiviert das Eisen, sobald eine mit der Säurekonzentration abnehmende kritische Konzentration überschritten wird. Wasser wirkt als Säure und erhöht bis zu 0,1 Gew. % die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des passiven Eisens. Bei höheren Wassergehalten ist Wasser wahrscheinlich wegen der Ausfällung von hydratisiertem Eisen (III)-oxid ein Inhibitor. Kohlendioxid vergrößert stets die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit des passiven Eisens. Es ist eine starke Säure und ein starker Komplexbildner für Eisen (III). Bei hohen Konzentrationen von Kohlendioxid oder Ammoniumcarbaminat kann das Eisen nicht mehr passiviert werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 221-226 
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    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations into stress corrosion of high strength rope wires in condensating waterIn stress corrosion tests uncoated, galvanized and aluminized rope wires were submitted to the influence of periodically condensating water. Real concentrations of atmospheric contaminants as chlorides, carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide were added, too.Fractures only were caused under conditions of crevice corrosion as in covered zones. The added contaminants and contact elements, too, did not especially influence fractures. Under the fixed test conditions the life time of the galvanized wires was reduced in relation to the uncoated and aluminized wires.
    Notes: Es wurde der Einfluß einer häufigen Schwitzwasserbeaufschlagung auf das Rißkorrosionsverhalten schwarzer, verzinkter und aluminierter Drähte für Seile untersucht. Den Korrosionszellen wurden auch Schadstoffe, u.a. Chloride, Kohlendioxid und Schwefeldioxid in praxisnahen Konzentrationen zugegeben. Brüche erfolgen nur im Bereich von Kontaktteilen, wo Spaltkorrosionseffekte wirksam werden. Für das Auftreten von Brüchen ist die Art der zusätzlichen Verunreinigungen und die Art von Kontaktelementen nicht von entscheidender Bedeutung. Unter den hier gewählten Versuchsbedingungen ist das Zeitstandverhalten der feuerverzinkten Drähte ungünstiger als jenes von schwarzen bzw. aluminierten Drähten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 211-221 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion and cracking-corrosion of prestressing steelsSummarizing report about extent and causes of damages of prestressing steels caused by hydrogen cracking-corrosion. Fundamental research of cracking-corrosion of prestressing steel. Results of cracking-corrosion tests with stressed materials in not pure water, in such moistened sand and of water condensating tests. Hereby consideration of contents of chlorides and sulfates as existing in unfilled tubes; partly little addition of the hydrogen-promotor rhodanide.Result that under practical conditions prestressing steels prefer hydrogen induced cracking-corrosion while hereby especially oxygen-poor electrolytes and local corrosion attacks (pitting scars) tend to this hydrogen reception and therefore to failure. These effects are for example often caused by the conditions of crevice-corrosion and by contact with moistened mineral phases (sands). Such is resulting that sensitive prestressing steels are exposed to the danger of failure already before being embedded with mortar.
    Notes: Zusammenfassende Darstellung über Umfang und Ursache von Schadensfällen infolge Wasserstoffrißkorrosion bei Spannstählen. Grundlagen der Rißkorrosion bei Spannstählen. Ergebnisse von Spannungsrißkorrosionsversuchen in verdünnten, wäßrigen Lösungen, in mit verdünnten Lösungen getränktem Sand und unter Schwitzwasserbeanspruchung. Dabei Berücksichtigung praxisnaher Chlorid- und Sulfatgehalte entsprechend dem Hüllrohrwasser; zum Teil Zugabe des Wasserstoffpromotors Rhodanid in geringen Konzentrationen.Feststellung, daß unter praxiskonformen Bedingungen Spannstähle am ehesten einer Wasserstoffrißkorrosion unterliegen, wobei insbesondere sauerstoffverarmte Elektrolyte und örtliche Korrosionsangriffe (Lochfraßnarben) eine Wasserstoffaufnahme und Bruchbildung fördern. Diesbezüglich wirken z. B. Spaltkorrosionseffekte, wie auch Kontakte mit lösungsgetränkten mineralischen Bestandteilen (Sand). Aufgrund der Ergebnisse muß davon ausgegangen werden, daß empfindliche Spannstähle bereits im Zeitraum der Verarbeitung hinsichtlich Wasserstoffrißkorrosion gefährdet sind.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 227-245 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 246-250 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 250-254 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 93
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. R90 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 94
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 95
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 265-268 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmosphärische Korrosion von ungeschütztem Kohlenstoffstahl: Vergleich zwischen Feld- und LaboratoriumsuntersuchungenDie Ergebnisse von Freibewitterung und beschleunigter Bewitterung von ungeschütztem Kohlenstoffstahl werden miteinander verglichen. Bei der Freibewitterung wird die Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit als Funktion einiger Klimafaktoren (z. B. S02-Konzentration) ausgedrückt. Bei den Laborversuchen bestand die Prüfatmosphäre aus Luft mit bekannten Mengen Schwefeldioxid und Feuchtigkeit; dabei wurden die Versuche so durchgeführt, daß sowohl die SO2-Zufuhr als auch die SO2-Bindung an der Oberfläche bekannt waren. Zwischen der empirischen Formel und den Ergebnissen der Laboratoriumsversuche ergibt sich für SO2-Mengen unter etwa 0,5 μg · h-1 · cm-2 gute Übereinstimmung.
    Notes: A comparison is made between the atmospheric corrosion of unprotected carbon steel in outdoor exposures and results from laboratory tests. The atmospheric corrosion in the outdoor exposures is expressed as a function of certain atmospheric parameters (e.g. SO2 concentration). In the laboratory tests the atmosphere consisted of air containing known amounts of SO2 and water vapour. The experiments were carried out in such a way that both supply and deposition of SO2 was known. There was good agreement between the empirical formula and the results from the laboratory tests provided that the supply of SO2 in the laboratory test was below ca. 0.5 μg · h-1 · CM-2.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 96
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 269-275 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigation into corrosion fatigue of unalloyed and lowalloy steelsSix commercial steels - three fine-grain normalized steels, one aged steel, one heat-resistant steel and one aged high-strength steel - were tested in rotary bending test machine equipped with a corrosion test cabinet. The test medium used was 0,05 m NaCl-solution. The results show that the cycling bending strength of all the steels tested is considerably reduced in this weak corrosion medium. The influence of corrosion on mechanical strength is the greater the higher the strength of the steel. The impact of other testing parameters is almost negligible. Cathodic polarization gives rise to increased corrosion fatigue strength of high strength steels and reduces corrosion fatigue sensitivity. In the case of lower strength steels complete cathodic protection can be achieved. The cyclic bending strength of the steels is reduced under condensing humidity conditions, too.
    Notes: Es wurden 6 handelsübliche Stähle - 3 Feinkornstähle im normalisierten Zustand, 1 vergüteter Stahl, 1 warmfester Stahl und 1 vergüteter Stahl hoher Festigkeit - in einer mit Korrosionskammer ausgestatteten Umlaufbiegemaschine geprüft. Als Medium diente 0,05 m NaCl-Lösung. Das Ergebnis zeigt, daß bei allen untersuchten Stählen die Biegewechselfestigkeit durch dieses schwache Korrosionsmedium deutlich herabgesetzt wird. Der Einfluß der SwRK ist um so größer, je höher die Festigkeit des Stahls ist. Im Vergleich dazu sind die Prüfparameter von untergeordnetem Einfluß. Durch kathodische Polarisation wird die SwRK-Beständigkeit bei den Stählen hoher Festigkeit und SwRK-Empfindlichkeit verbessert; bei den Stählen niedrigerer Festigkeit wird vollständiger kathodischer Schutz erzielt.Auch in kondensierender Feuchtigkeit wird die Biegewechselfestigkeit herabgesetzt.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 97
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of hot gas atmospheres on creep rupture behaviour and structure of coated nickel base alloysAl- and AlCr-coatings on nickel base super alloys show precipitations of a brittle phase after exposure to hot combustion gases. The precipitations are localized mainly in the transient area between coating and base material. Apart from this appearance cracks originating in the coating can be observed, propagating at right angle to the surface. Due to that failure in the coating no increase of the life time of coated materials can be observed compared with uncoated materials. This can be stated under the conditions of creep rupture tests in still hot air as well as in the stream of JP 4 combustion gases. Microanalytical investigations yield a close connection between the failure of the coating and the formation of needle shaped precipitations - mainly Cr-carbides - in the interface area of coating and base material. Auger analytical investigations and chemical analyses reveal distinct concentrations of nitrogen in the needle shaped area.The investigations revealed that the failure of the coating is mainly caused by the high content of nitrogen in the hot gases.
    Notes: Alitier- und Chromalitierschichten, die durch Diffusion in einer Pulverpackung auf Nickelbasislegierungen erzeugt werden, zeigen nach Beanspruchung durch heiße Turbinenverbrennungsgase Sprödphasenausscheidungen, die vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen der Beschichtung und dem Grundwerkstoff auftreten. Parallel zu dieser Erscheinung treten während der Heißgasbeanspruchung Risse quer zur Oberfläche in den Beschichtungen auf. Entsprechend dieser Schichtschädigung ist eine Lebensdauerverlängerung des beschichteten Werkstoffs gegenüber dem unbeschichteten Zustand in Form einer Erhöhung der Zeitstandfestigkeit nicht meßbar. Dies gilt sowohl für eine Zeitstandprüfung in ruhender Heißluft als auch in strömendem JP 4-Verbrennungsgas. Mikroanalytische Untersuchungen zeigen einen engen Zusammenhang zwischen der Schichtschädigung und der Bildung nadelförmiger Ausscheidungen, vorzugsweise Chromkarbide, zwischen Beschichtung und Grundwerkstoff. Auger-Untersuchungen und chemische Analysen lassen deutliche Stickstoffanreicherungen in diesem Nadelbereich erkennen.Gemäß der vorliegenden Untersuchungen wird die Schädigung der Beschichtung schr wesentlich durch den hohen Stickstoffgehalt der Heißgase verursacht.
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  • 98
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 275-281 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical and electrochemical reactions of iron sulfide and manganese sulfide in acid and neutral solutionsThe reactions which occur upon corrosion of massive iron sulfide and manganese specimens in perchloric acid and in neutral sodium chloride solution were elucidated by measurements of current-potential curves and by coulometric and analytical investigations on the processes. In acids the sulfides are dissolved by prevailing chemical reaction under evolution of H2S. Upon applying anodic overpotentials electrochemical reactions occur simultaneously, however, with such low velocity that the contribution to corrosion of the sulfides is insignificant. Upon applying cathodic overpotentials some hydrogen discharge is observed on iron sulfide but not on manganese sulfide.In 3% sodium chloride solution both sulfides corrode very slowly upon anodic polarization, forming elementary sulfur according to MeS = Me2+ + S + 2e- (Me = Fe or Mn). At high anodic potentials additional oxidation reactions occur in which three-valent iron and tetravalent manganese ions as well as sulfite and sulfate ions are formed.Iron sulfide and manganese sulfide inclusions can he isolated from steels only by electrochemical dissolution in neutral or weakly basic electrolytes, the potential during electrolysis must not be more positive than the corrosion potential of the sulfides.
    Notes: Durch Messen von Stromdichte-Potentialkurven und coulometrisch-analytische Untersuchungen wurden die Korrosionsreaktionen kompakter Eisensulfid- und Mangansulfidproben in Perchlorsäure, und in neutraler Natriumchlöridlösung aufgeklärt. In Säuren lösen sich beide Sulfide weitgehend chemisch unter H2S-Entwicklung. Daneben laufen bei anodischer Überspannung elektrochemische Reaktionen mit so geringer Geschwindigkeit ab, daß sie nur einen unbedeutenden Beitrag zur Korrosion des Eisensulfids und Mangansulfids liefern. Kathodisch werden am Eisensulfid Wasserstoffionen entladen. Diese Reaktion ist am Mangansulfid praktisch nicht feststellbar.In dreiprozentiger Natriumchlöridlosung korrodieren die beiden Sulfide bei anodischer Überspannung elektrochemisch sehr langsam unter Bildung elementaren Schwefels nach MeS = Me 2+ + S + 2e-(Me = Fe oder Mn). Im Bereich hoher anodischer Polarisation treten zusätzliche Oxydationsreaktionen auf, durch die dreiwertiges Eisen bzw. vierwertiges Mangan sowie Sulfit- und Sulfationen entstehen. Eisensulfid und Mangansulfid können aus Stahlen nur durch elektrochemisches Lösen der Stahlmatrix in neutralen oder schwach basischen Lösungen isoliert werden. Außerdem soll das Elektrolysepotential nicht positiver als das Ruhepotential dieser Sulfide sein.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 281-282 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 32 (1981), S. 282-286 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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