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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,160)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (1,160)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1960  (1,160)
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Publisher
Years
  • 2005-2009
  • 1980-1984
  • 1960-1964  (1,160)
  • 1930-1934
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 2
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 22-27 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The systematology of the corrosion of metals in soil (II).-LeadThe second part of the investigation on the systematology of the corrosion of metals in soil is devoted to the behaviour of lead and lead cables. Again, the corrosion phenomena taking place on the surface of the metal are of an electrochemical nature. The distribution of the anodic and cathodic zones on the lead surface depends on the size of the soil particles, on the water saturation condition of the soil, on the pH value of the soil, and on the duration of the test.With the field tests, the dissolution rate of lead with 1 pC Sb and commercial lead has been clearly found dependent on the average annual rainfalls and on the pH value of the soil.The corrosion-chemical behaviour of the lead cable sheathing in soil is governed by stress corrosion. An initial localisation of the corrosion phenomena is accompanied by plastic deformations which then cause electro-chemical reactions.
    Notes: Der zweite Teil der Untersuchung der Systematik der Korrosion der Metalle im Erdreich ist dem Verhalten des Bleis und des Bleikabels gewidmet. Die Korrosionserscheinungen, die an der Bleioberfläche ablaufen, sind wiederum elektrochemischer Natur. Die Verteilung der anodischen und kathodischen Bezirke auf der Bleioberfläche ist abhängig von der Größe der Bodenteilchen, vom Sättigungszustand des Bodens an Wasser, vom pH-Wert des Bodens und von der Versuchsdauer.Bei Naturversuchen zeigt die Auflösungsgeschwindigkeit vom Blei mit 1% Sb und von Handelsblei eine deutliche Abhängigkeit von der durchschnittlichen jährlichen Regenmenge und vom pH-Wert des Bodens.Für das korrosionschemische Verhalten des Bleikabelmantels im Erdreich ist die Spannungskorrosion ausschlaggebend. Es resultiert zuerst die Lokalisierung des Korrosionsvorgangs mit plastischen Verformungsvorgängen, die dann von elektrochemischen Reaktionen begleitet sind.
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  • 3
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 33-39 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zinc corrosion caused by modern detergentsAn investigation has been carried out on the influence of soap and synthetic detergents on the corrosion of zinc, with special regard to the hardening constituent of the water. A description is given of a laboratory testing method which permits the determination of the corrosive effect of numerous detergent components and built-up detergents. Various substances are tested for their inhibiting effect in a standard syndet in hard and soft water, and the influence of repeated effects of fresh liquids on zinc is evaluated and discussed. With detergents of normal composition, polymer phosphates show the greatest intensity of corrosion which is merely (and clearly) exceeded by the effect of the combination of these phosphates with bleaching agents (sodium perborate). A working theory for the action of such combined corrosion is discussed.
    Notes: Der Einfluß von Seifenwaschmitteln und Syndets auf die Korrosion von Zink wird unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Härtebildner des Wassers untersucht. Eine Laboratoriumstestmethode wird mitgeteilt, mit welcher die korrodierende Wirkung zahlreicher Waschmittelkomponenten und damit aufgebauter Waschmittel ermittelt wurde. Verschiedene Substanzen werden auf ihre inhibierende Wirkung in einem standardisierten Syndet in harten und weichem Wasser geprüft und der Einfluß von mehrfachen Einwirkungen frischer Flotten auf Zink eruiert und diskutiert. In den Waschmitteln üblicher Zusammensetzung zeigen die polymeren Phosphate die stärkste Korrosion, die nur durch die Kombination dieser mit Bleichmitteln (Natriumperborat) deutlich übertroffen wird. Eine Möglichkeit des Wirkungsmechanismus dieser kombinierten Korrosion wird diskutiert.
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  • 4
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 53-56 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 5
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 69-75 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 7
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 76-76 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 8
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 80-80 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 9
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 93-101 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: On the causes and progress of aggression due to the attack of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete (Second Communication)This Second Communication contains a report about the comparative evaluation and interpretation of long-time tests with concrete made with Portland cement and blast furnace cement, and about analytical investigations after storage in corrosive media. These investigations have proved the decisive importance of the chemical and mineralogical composition of the Portland cement and of the setting and hardening processes in the mortar bed. In view of the agreement between the results obtained on the strength of different bases, the knowledge gained from these investigations can be regarded as a contribution, of general validity, to the clarification of the causes and processes of the aggression of corrosive waters on cement mortar and concrete. As a result, it is possible to draw certain fundamental conclusions which have a bearing on cement theory and concrete technology.
    Notes: In der II. Mitteilung wird über die vergleichende Auswertung und Deutung von Langzeitversuchen mit Beton aus Portlandzement und Hochofenzement und von analytischen Untersuchungen bei Einlagerung in aggressive Medien berichtet, durch die es gelungen ist, die entscheidende Bedeutung der chemischen und mineralogischen Zusammensetzung des Portlandzementes und der Hydratations- und Erhärtungsvorgänge im Mörtelbett nachzuweisen. Im Hinblick auf die Übereinstimmung der Untersuchungsergebnisse der verschiedenen Auswertungsunterlagen sind die Erkenntnisse, die dadurch gewonnen werden konnten, ein allgemeingültiger Beitrag zur Aufklärung der Ursachen und des Verlaufs der Aggression bei Einwirkung angreifender Wässer auf Zementmörtel und Beton, aus dem sich grundlegende zementtheoretische und betontechnologische Schlußfolgerungen ergeben.
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  • 10
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 119-123 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 11
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 140-143 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 12
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 13
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 152-155 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic passivation of titaniumThe excellent corrosion resistance of titanium results from the presence of a protective film of oxide at the metal surface. The oxide fim is stable in oxidising solutions but not in acids that do not contain readily available oxygen.The general corrosion behaviour of titanium is also interpreted by reference to a Pourbaix diagram in which potential is plotted against hydrogen ion concentration. This indicates regions of stability for titanium dioxide.Experimental evidence is then produced to show that by raising the electrical potential of the metal, titanium can be made to resist corrosion in non-oxidising acids. The experimental method used, employing a potentiostat, is described and the polarisation graph for titanium immersed in 40% sulphuric acid at 60°C is shown.The extent to which titanium can be protected by anodic passivation in sulphuric acid over a range of acid strengths and temperatures is shown.Finally, the practical application of anodic passivation is illustrated by employment of a welded titanium tank, pipe-line and pump, which has been employed to circulate hot strong sulphuric acid, without any evidence of corrosion. Complete protection was achieved by impressing a D. C. current at 2.3 volts between the tank as anode and an insulated tantalum cathode. Current consumption was only three watts per M2.
    Notes: Die ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans beruht auf der Ausbildung eines schützenden Oxydfulmes, der zwar in oxydierenden Medien, nicht aber in Säuren beständig ist, die nur schwach oder nichtoxydierend wirken.Die allgemeinen Korrosionseigenschatten des Titans werden an einem Pourbaix-Diagramm erläutert, in welchem das Potential gegen die Wasserstoffionenkonzentration aufgetragen ist. Es zeigt die Stabilitätsbereiche des Titandioxyds.Durch Anheben des elektrochemischen Potentials wird der Beweis geführt, daß Titan auch in nichtoxydierenden Säuren korrosionsfest gemacht werden kann. Hierzu werden sowohl die Untersuchungsmethode und der für die Versuche benutzte Potentiostat beschrieben als auch die Polarisationskurve des Titans in 40%-Schwefelsäure bei 60°C angegeben.Weiterhin wird die Wirksamkeit des anodischen Schutzes auf Titan in Schwefelsäure in Abhängigkeit von Konzentration und Temperatur mitgeteilt.Schließlich wird an einem geschweißten Titanbehälter, einer Rohrleitung und an einer Pumpe, welche heiße konzentrierte Schwefelsäure ohne irgendwelche Anzeichen einer beginnenden Korrosion umwälzt, die praktische Anwendung der anodischen Passivierung des Titans vorgeführt. Ein vollständiger Schutz wurde durch Anlegen einer Gleichspannung von 2,3 V zwischen dem Tank als Anode und einer Tantalkathode erreicht. Der Stromverbrauch betrug nur 3 Watt/m2.
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  • 14
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 189-191 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 15
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 197-202 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 16
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 205-208 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 17
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 208-208 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 18
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 212-216 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Stress corrosion and type of grain boundaryThe close study of the structure of grain boundaries is nowadays also extended to the mechanism of intracrystallinic corrosion, the subject of a recent article by the author in this journal, and to “stress corrosion and type of grain boundary (fine angle, small angle and large angle grain boundaries)”, which is the subject of the contribution concerning the alloy Al Mg.An Al Mg alloy made corrosion-chemically sensitive through previous heat treatment has been examined in respect of its stress corrosion behaviour in order to ascertain which of the types of grain as well as with intermittent charge, the observations showed, under certain test conditions, an intermediate level where the corresponding resting references cell tension was determined by means of intermittent charge, and which was identified, from a comparison with known formation affinities, with the formation of a basic lead sulphate in accordance with the electrode reaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ _I Pb^{ + 2} + _{II} PbSO_4 + _{IV} H_2 O \to _{III} PbO \cdot PbSO_4 + 2_{IV} H^ + $$\end{document}
    Notes: Das nähere Studium des Aufbaues von Korngrenzen erstreckt sich heute auch auf den Mechanismus der interkristallinen Korrosion, über die vom Autor kürzlich in dieser Zeitschrift berichtet wurde, sowie der „Spannungskorrosion und Korngrenzenart (Fein-, Klein- Groß- winkelkorngrenzen)“, über die im Beitrag für die Legierung AlMg berichtet wird.Eine korrosionschemisch durch die thermische Vorbehandlung empfindlich gemachte AlMg-Legierung wird auf ihr Spannungskorrosionsverhalten dahingehend untersucht, welche der Korngrenzenarten korrosionsempfindlich ist. Sowohl bei durchgehender als auch bei intermittierter Belastung zeigte sich unter bestimmten Versuchsbedingungen ein Zwischenninveau, dessen zugehörige Ruhe-Bezugesspannung durch intermittierte Belastung bestimmt und durch Vergleich mit bekannten Bildungsaffinitäten der Bildung eines basischen Bleisulfats nach der Elektrodenreaktion \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ _I Pb^{ + 2} + _{II} PbSO_4 + _{IV} H_2 O \to _{III} PbO \cdot PbSO_4 + 2_{IV} H^ + $$\end{document} zugeordnet wurde.
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  • 19
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 234-237 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 20
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 241-251 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 21
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 22
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 255-255 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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  • 23
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 258-259 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 264-264 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. iii 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 274-283 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Electrolytic deposition of ferro-chromium alloys from complex chromium-III-sulphate solutionsOn the strength of knowledge concerning the properties of chromium-III- sulphate and iron-II-sulphate baths containing urea and ammonium sulphate, it has been possible to carry out closer studies of the deposition conditions of the ferro-chromium alloys. During the deposition of the alloy, both metals are subjected to considerable polarisation so that the iron separation, in particular, is made difficult. This is ascribed to the presence, on the cathode surface, of a diaphragm consisting of chromium hydroxide.Under the most favourable conditions encountered, the alloy contains some 18 to 20 per cent. chromium, the remainder being iron; it thus corresponds to the composition of a stainless steel. The current yield amounts to 30 per cent. at most, and the occurrence of cracks in the coating is attributed to the strong development of hydrogen. The cracks can be avoided by raising the temperature, reducing the current density to below 20 amps/dm2, or adding boric acid. By a suitable choice of working conditions and concentrations, the deposition potentials of the two metals can be made virtually equal.
    Notes: Auf Grund der Kenntnis der Eigenschaften der Harnstoff und Ammonsulfat enthaltenden Bäder aus Chrom-III-sulfat und Eisen-II-sulfat war es möglich, die Abscheidungsverhältnisse der Eisen-Chrom-Legierungen näher zu studieren. Bei der Abscheidung der Legierung findet eine beträchtliche Polarision bei beiden Metallen statt, wobei namentlich die Eisen-Abscheidung stark erschwert wird. Dies wird auf das Vorhandensein eines aus Chromhydroxyd bestehenden Diaphragmas auf der Kathodenoberfläche zurückgeführt.Die Legierung enthält bei den gefundenen günstigsten Bedingungen 18 bis 20% Chrom, Rest Eisen, entspricht also der Zusammensetzung eines rostfreien Stahls. Die Stromausbeute beträgt maximal 30%, wobei die starke Wasserstoffentwicklung für das Auftreten von Rissen im Überzug verantwortlich zu machen ist. Die Risse können durch Erhöhung der Temperatur, Verminderung der Stromdichte unter 20 A/dm2 oder einen Zusatz von Borsäure vermieden werden. Die Abscheidungspotentiale der beiden Metalle können durch Wahl der Arbeitsbedingungen und Konzentrationen praktisch gleich groß gemacht werden.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 283-286 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of urea on the electrolytic deposition of nickelUrea has a highly detrimental effect on the current yield of a nickel bath as the yield is reduced to less than 50 per cent. The presence of urea gives rise to higher polarisations which can be only partially reduced by increasing the temperature and current density. With a urea addition, however, it is possible, at low pH values of the bath, to obtain good nickel deposits even with comparatively low nickel salt concentrations and even with high current densities of 20 amps/dm2. The brightness of the nickel coating is considerably improved by urea.
    Notes: Harnstoff übt auf die Stromausbeute eines Nickelbades einen sehr nachteiligen Einfluß aus, da diese bis auf weniger als 50% herabgesetzt wird. Es treten in Gegenwart von Harnstoff größere Polarisationen auf, die durch eine Temperatur- und Stromdichteerhöhung nur teilweise vermindert werden können. Ein Harnstoff-Zusatz gestattet jedoch bei niedrigen PH-Werten des Bades auch bei verhältnismäßig niedrigen Nickelsalz-Konzentrationen selbst bei hohen Stromdichten von 20 A/dm2 noch gute Nickel-Niederschläge abzuscheiden. Der Glanz des Nickelüberzuges wird durch Harnstoff erheblich verbessert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 323-325 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 328-328 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 330-330 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 332-334 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The penetration of chlorine ions through the passivity layers of austenitic 18/8 Cr-Ni steelsIt is shown that a differentiation between primary and secondary passivity, as suggested by Masing, Heumann and Jesper, can greatly facilitate the understanding of the corrosion behaviour of austenitic stainless steels in neutral and slightly acid media. For, in the potential zone of primary passivity, it is possible to use simple potential rules for predicting whether or not pit corrosion is likely to take place. In the zone of secondary passivity, however, irreversible passivity layers which can only be influenced by surface treatment come into play so that any predictions can only be based on empiric rules. In media which contain air, the steels are contained in the boundary zone between primary and secondary passivity which is difficult to appraise.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß die Unterscheidung von primärer und sekundärer Passivität, wie sie von Masing, Heumann und Jesper vorgeschlagen wurde, wesentlich zum Verständnis des Korrosionsverhaltens der Zustenitischen nichtrostenden Stähle in neutralen und schwach sauren Medien beitragen kann. Im Potentialbereich der primären Passivität lassen sich nämlich einfache Potentialregeln anwenden, um vorauszusagen, ob Lochfraß eintritt oder nicht. Im Bereich der sekundären Passivität dagegen spielen irreversible, nur durch die Oberflächenbehandlung zu beeinflussende Passivschichten eine Rolle, die eine Voraussage nur auf empirischer Grundlage zulassen. In lufthaltigen Medien befinden sich die Stäble im schwer zu übersehenden Grenzbereich zwischen primärer und sekundärer Passivität.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 388-392 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 396-396 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 398-399 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 417-420 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Description / Table of Contents: The influence of certain sulphoxides on the hydrogen over-potential at the mercury (HG) electrodeAn investigation has ben carried out on the variation of polarisation curves in the mercury  -  1 n-H2SO4 system with the addition of different sulphoxides in the range of potentials from - 0.4 to - 1.2 V. In the range of potentials corresponding to the adsorption of neutral molecules, the results were found to agree with the inhibiting effect of the inhibitors named.
    Notes: Es wurde der Verlauf von Polarisations-kurven in dem System Quecksilber / 1 n-H2SO4 mit Zusatz verschiedener Sulfoxyde im Potentialbereich von - 0,4 bis - 1,2 V geprüft. Übereinstimmung der erhaltenen Ergebnisse in dem Potential-bereich, das der Adsorption von neutralen Molekülen entspricht, mit dem Sparbeiz-effekt der genannten Inhibitoren wurde festgestellt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 401-410 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: The stability of heterogeneous surface structures during the corrosion of passivable metalsThe question of the stability of surface structures of corroding metals is examined on the basis of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes, and it is shown that, in the presence of several independent variables of state, even heterogeneous structures such as those encountered with pitting corrosion may be stable. This is demonstrated in the Second Part by means of a practical example, quantitatively calculated by an analogue computer, concerning the corrosion of iron in sulphuric acid. By way of application, a theory is developed in the Third Part concerning the pitting corrosion of iron in sulphuric acid containing halide ions; this theory is largely based on the non-monotonic alignment of the current potential curve of the passivable metals.
    Notes: Auf der Grundlage der Thermodynamik irreversibler Prozesse wird die Frage nach der Stabilität von Oberflächenstrukturen korrodierender Metalle untersucht und gezeigt, daß bei Vorhandensein von mehreren unabhängigen Zustandsvariablen auch heterogene Strukturen, wie sie z. B. bei der Lochfraßkorrosion auftreten, stabil sein können. Dies wird im 2. Teil an praktischen, mit einer Analogie-Rechenmaschine quantitativ durchgerechneten Korrosionsbeispiel (Eisen in Schwefelsäure) demonstriert. Im 3. Teil wird als Anwendung eine Theorie der Lochfraß korrosion an Eisen in halogenionenhaltiger Schwefelsäure entwickelt, die im wesentlichen auf dem nichtmonotonen Verlauf der Stromspannungskurve der passivierbaren Metalle beruht.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 420-425 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The influence on the composition of iron-chromium-nickel alloys of the working conditions in complex metal sulphate baths containing ureaAn investigation has been carried out on the influence of the pH value, temprature, current density, duration of electrolysis and electrode material on the composition of iron-chromium-nickel alloys obtained from the bath of the three metal sulphates in the presence of urea and boric acid, as well as on current yield, brightness and appearance of the deposits.The three metals, iron, chromium and nickel, impede each other greatly in the deposition so that the current yields are much smaller than might be expected from the deposit ratios of the individual metals in uniformly composed baths. The maximum current yield is no more than 25 per cent. The mutual impedance in the deposition is reduced if temperature and voltage, i.e. the current density, is increased.The composition of the alloy and the current yield are largely determined by a diaphragm forming on the cathode surface and consisting of chromium hydroxide. This has a particularly great influence on the deposition of the chromium and impedes that of the nickel and, through to a lesser degree, that of the iron.
    Notes: Es wurden der Einfluß des pH-Wertes, der Temperatur, Stromdichte, Elektrolysendauer und des Elektrodenmaterials auf die Zusammensetzung von Eisen-Chrom-Nickel-Legierungen aus dem Bade der drei Metallsulfate, mit Harnstoff und Borsäure, auf Stromausbeute, Glanz und Aussehen der Niederschläge untersucht.Die drei Metalle Eisen, Chrom und Nickel behindern sich gegenseitig sehr stark bei ihrer Abscheidung, so daß weit geringere Stromausbeuten erhalten werden, als nach den Abscheidungsverhältnissen der einzelnen Metalle in gleichartig zusammengesetzten Bädern zu erwarten wäre. Die Stromausbeute erreicht maximal nur 25%. Die gegenseitige Behinderung bei der Abscheidung wird geringer, wenn die Temperatur und angelegte Spannung, also die Stromdichte, erhöht werden.Die Zusammensetzung der Legierung und Stromausbeute wird weitgehend durch ein aus Chromhydroxyd bestehendes, auf der Kathodenoberfläche sich ausbildendes Diaphragma bestimmt. Es beeinflußt besonders stark die Abscheidung des Chroms und behindert die des Nickels, weniger jedoch die des Eisens.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 448-452 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 453-456 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. XXV 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 474-478 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Effect of metallographic diamond paste finish on a metal surfaceThe structure of a finished metal surface, close the surface, is decisively influenced by the finishing method. For microscopic examinations, a surface finish free from scratches, ridges and Bellby layers has always been regarded as the ideal. This ideal is only partly achieved by any of the mechanical finishing methods as well as by the anodic finishing method. All the methods have certain advantages and certain drawbacks in this respect. Owing to its high cutting effect, diamond paste of the finest grain size (0,25 μm) was assumed to achieve the surface finish with a minimum of Bellby layer. After separate application of different finishing methods, in conjunction with certain etching measures, the differences in the depth of the flux of material close to the surface are clearly apparent. On the strength of these experiments determining the relative thickness of the Bellby layers, it is possible to arrive to an exact classification of the diamond paste examined. The conception of a grain surface development, dependent on the orientation and accompanied by increasing contrast effect as the finishing method becomes finer, is also supported by the application of the sodium thiosulphate method in the form of precipitation etching. To determine the depth of the Bellby layer, however, iron trichloride is use das an etching agent with reducing effect, and this method also permits the approximate determination of the depth as a function of the crystal structure orientation.
    Notes: Der oberflächennahe Aufbau einer polierten Metallfläche wird durch die Art der Politur maßgeblich bestimmt. Für mikroskopische Untersuchungen wird von jeher eine ideale (kratzer-, relief- und bearbeitungsschichtfreie) Schlifffläche angestrebt. Sowohl alle mechanischen Verfahren als auch die anodische Poliermethode werden diesem Idealzustand nur zum Teil gerecht. Vor- sowie Nachteile besitzen in der Hinsicht alle Polierverfahren. Es bestand die Annahme, daß Diamantpaste feinster Körnung (0,25 μm) durch ihre große Schnittwirkung die bearbeitungsschichtärmste Oberfläche erzeugt. In Verbindung mit bestimmten ätztechnischen Maßnahmen nach einzeln angewandten Polierarten wird die unterschiedlich anfallende Tiefe des oberflächennahen Stoffflusses eindeutig wiedergegeben. Eine exakte Eingruppierung der untersuchten Diamantpaste ist nach diesen Versuchen zur Feststellung des Bearbeitungsschicht-Anteiles gewährleistet. Die Vorstellung von der richtungsabhängigen Kornflächenentwicklung, verbunden mit zunehmendem Kontrast bei feiner werdender Polierart, wird dabei durch das Natriumthiosulfat-Verfahren als Niederschlagsätzung unterstützt. Eisen(III)chlorid wird dagegen als abbauendes Ätzmittel zur Feststellung der Bearbeitungsschicht-Tiefe herangezogen, wobei auch der richtungs(kristallagen)- abhängige Tiefgang annähernd erfaßt wird.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 507-509 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 465-473 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium as material for chemical equipmentBecause of its favourable properties, titanium has very quickly passed through its first development stages and has meanwhile reached considerable production figures. Though the specific gravity of titanium is little more than half of that of steel, its strength corresponds to that of high-grade steel. Whilst these properties are of particular interest to aircraft production, the high corrosion resistance of titanium has led to a steadily increasing use of this metal as a material for chemical equipment. In this sphere, titanium is primarily used in cases where the corrosion problems encountered cannot be solved, or cannot be satisfactorily solved, by conventional materials. In many cases, the media concerned are those where the corrosion is caused by chlorine ions. This may cause the well-known phenomenon of pitting corrosion even with, e.g. stainless steel, whilst titanium can generally be regarded as absolutely corrosion-proof even in such media.A number of illustrations of titanium components, some of them on a large scale, show the scope of applications for which this new metal is already being used and processed. Since the best processing conditions for titanium have now been worked out and the necessary machinery etc. is now available, the manufacture of titanium components and titanium linings is generally no longer very difficult. Special experience and care is required for the welding of titanium parts in order to prevent oxygen and nitrogen from reaching the melt and thus causing embrittlement.A number of hints of a structural nature that must be taken into account in using titanium should be of value to the designer.Finally, it is shown on the strength of a number of examples that, in spite of its higher price compared with conventional materials, titanium often permits the most economic solution of a problem, all the more so as the prices of titanium have already shown a considerable decrease as the demand increased.
    Notes: Aufgrund der guten Eigenschaften von Titan hat es die ersten Stufen seiner Entwicklung sehr schnell durchlaufen und hat inzwischen eine beträchtliche Produktionshöhe erreicht. Bei dem geringen spezifischen Gewicht von nur etwas mehr als der Hälfte von Stahl weist es Festigkeiten auf, die denen der Edelstähle entsprechen. Während diese Eigenschaften vornehmlich für den Flugzeugbau interessant sind, führt die hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans zu der stetig wachsenden Verwendung dieses Metalls im Bereich des chemischen Apparatebaues. Hier wird es in erster Linie eingesetzt in den Fällen, bei denen mit den herkömmlichen Werkstoffen die vorliegenden Korrosionsprobleme nicht oder nur unbefriedigend gelöst werden können. Vielfach handelt es sich dabei um Medien, bei denen ein Angriff von Chlorionen eintritt. Dieser verursacht bei beispielsweise rostfreiem Stahl den bekannten Lochfraß, während Titan in solchen Medien im allgemeinen als absolut beständig angesehen werden darf.Anhand etlicher Bilder von Titanteilen auch in großen Abmessungen wird gezeigt, in welchen Größenordnungen dieses neue Metall heute bereits angewendet und verarbeitet wird. Nachdem die besten Verarbeitungsbedingungen für Titan erarbeitet wurden und die hierzu erforderlichen Vorrichtungen etc. vorhanden sind, bereitet die Fertigung von Titanteilen und Titanauskleidungen im allgemeinen keine großen Schwierigkeiten mehr. Vor allem erfordert das Schweißen große Erfahrungen und Sorgfalt, um zu verhindern, daß während des Schweißens Sauerstoff zum Schweißbad gelangt, durch die das Material versprödet wird.Eine Reihe von Hinweisen konstruktiver Art, die bei der Verwendung von Titan besonders berücksichtigt werden müssen, sind besonders für den Konstrukteur wertvoll.Schließlich wird anhand einiger Beispiele gezeigt, daß das Titan trotz seines gegenüber den herkömmlichen Werkstoffen höheren Preises vielfach die wirtschaftlichste Lösung eines Problems ermöglicht, zumal die Preise des Titans selbst mit steigender Verwendung bereits erheblich ermäßigt werden konnten.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 523-523 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 524-524 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 524-524 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 528-528 
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    Description / Table of Contents: The salt spray testAs a general corrosion test method, the salt spray test must be rejected as it is difficult to reproduce and does not always yield qualitatively correct results. For instance, the good performance of cadmium coatings experienced with the salt spray test does not correspond to a good corrosion resistance in industrial air.The existing standards are surveyed, and 22 independent variables are discussed which govern the results of the tests.Today, the salt spray test is only regarded as suitable for determining coarse flaws in coatings, and for comparing the performance of materials which are not too different from each other, e.g. surface-treated aluminium alloys.
    Notes: Die Salzsprühprobe ist als allgemeine Korrosionsprüfmethode abzulehnen, da sie schlecht reproduzierbar ist und nicht einmal qualitativ richtige Ergebnisse liefert. Z. B. entspricht das gute Verhalten von Cadmiumüberzügen bei der Salzsprühprobe nicht auch einer guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit in Industrieluft.Ein Überblick über die bestehenden Normen wird gegeben und es werden 22 Versuchsvariable besprochen, die den Ausfall der Prüfung bestimmen.Die Salzsprühprobe wird heute nur noch zur Feststellung grober Fehlstellen in Überzügen und zum Vergleich des Verhaltens nicht zu sehr verschiedener Werkstoffe, z. B. von oberflächenbehandelten Aluminiumlegierungen, als geeignet erachtet.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 570-570 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 574-577 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 574-574 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 595-595 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960) 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 616-621 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: HI-BARRIER® ‘EC’ dual Anodizing of Aluminum and its AlloysThe conventional method of sealing anodically produced surface layers of aluminum - hot water treatment - is unsatisfactory, especially if the anodizing took place in sulphuric acid. With this kind of treatment, the hardness of the oxide layer is reduced, and the risk of local corrosion is increased; in addition, appearance may be impaired. To eliminate these drawbacks, the HI-BARRIER method has been developed where, to begin with, a thin oxide layer is produced in sulphuric acid. This is first covered by a kind of chromium conversion film of high strength, obtained by brief anodisation in chromic acid, and finally immersed in another solution so that the pores are completely filled with an inorganic substance. If, in addition to the acid resistance thus obtained, it is also desired to obtain alkali resistance, yet another layer is produced by further immersion. The layers thus obtained have the combined advantages of small thickness, attractive appearance, good mechanical properties, and high chemical resistance.
    Notes: Das herkömmliche Verfahren zur Versiegelung anodisch erzeugter Oberflächenschichten auf Aluminium  -  Behandlung mit heißem Wasser  -  ist unbefriedigend, besonders wenn in Schwefelsäure anodisiert wurde. Bei dieser Art der Behandlung wird die Härte der Oxydschicht verringert und die Anfälligkeit für örtlichen Angriff erhöht; außerdem kann auch das Aussehen beeinträchtigt werden. Um diese Mängel auszuschalten, wurde das HI BARRIER-Verfahren entwickelt, bei dem zunächst in Schwefelsäure eine Oxydschicht geringer Dicke erzeugt wird. Darüber legt man durch kurzes Anodisieren in Chromsäure eine Art Chrom-Konversionsfilm hoher Festigkeit und lagert schließlich durch Eintauchen in eine weitere Lösung in den Poren eine anorganische Substanz ab, welche die Poren restlos ausfüllt. Falls zusätzlich zu der damit erhaltenen Säurebeständigkeit auch Alkalifestigkeit gewünscht ist, wird durch eine weitere Tauchbehandlung eine zusätzliche Schicht erzeugt. Die so erhaltenen Schichten vereinigen bei geringer Dicke gute dekorative mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften und hoher chemischer Beständigkeit.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 647-651 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 661-663 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 669-671 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. XXXVI 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 680-690 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: “Swelling” of cast iron - Its causes, and a remedy„Swelling“ of cast iron is the undesirable increase in volume, due to a number of causes here discussed, of cast iron exposed to high temperatures. The phenomenon has been investigated by many research workers. Their opinions are summarized, distinguishing between inhibiting, neutral and promoting influences. In dealing with the problem, account must be taken, in particular, of the following characteristics of the cast iron, and of the influences acting on it:  -  Chemical composition, carbide disintegration, oxidation by flue gases and steam, pressure or oxidation of the gases occluded in the cast iron, size of the graphite particles; the special behaviour of white Ledeburite cast iron, density, effects of increasing temperatures, smelting and charging, vacuum influences, surface treatment, stresses and effects of markedly expanding occlusions, e. g. gases and oxides. Of decisive influence is the cementite (carbide) disintegration. To eliminate at least this influence, it is recommended to use cast iron which has been ferritised by annealing. For reasons explained here, this type of cast iron is superior to ferritic cast iron obtained by charging control where the coarse graphite favours the penetration of corrosive agents which promote swelling. With cast iron components which are firmly screwed to other parts and exposed to high temperatures, this annealing process, causing the transition from unstable cast iron structure with carbide contents to stable ferrite and graphitic structure, has been found very successful in practice.
    Notes: Unter „Wachsen“ des Gußeisens versteht man eine auf verschiedene erörterte Ursachen zurückzuführende unerwünschte Volumenzunahme des Gußeisens bei Einwirkung höherer Temperaturen. Mit dieser Eigenschaft haben sich zahlreiche Forscher beschäftigt, deren Meinungen nach hemmenden, neutralen und fördernden Einflüssen zusammengefaßt dargelegt wurden. Bei der Behandlung des Problems sind im einzelnen folgende Kennzeichen der Gußeisensorten und Einwirkungen auf diese zu berücksichtigen: Chemische Zusammensetzung, der Carbidzerfall, die Oxydations durch Feuerungsgase und Wasserdampf, Druck oder Oxydation der im Gußeisen eingeschlossenen Gase, die Graphitteilchengröße, das besondere Verhalten von weißem ledeburitischem Gußeisen, die Dichte, Einwirkungen zunehmender Temperaturen, Schmelzverfahren und Gattierungen, Vakuumeinflüsse, Oberflächenbearbeitung, Spannungen und Wirkungen sich stark ausdehnender Einschlüsse, z. B. Gase und Oxyde. Von entscheidendem Einfluß ist der Zementit-(Carbid)-zerfall und um wenigstens diesen auszuschalten, empfiehlt sich die Verwendung durch Glühen ferritisierter Gußeisensorten, die aus erörterten Gründen durch Gattierungsmaßnahmen erzeugten ferritischen Gußeisen mit ihrem zu groben Graphit überlegen sind, weil letztere das Eindringen korrodierender, das Wachsen fördernder Mittel begünstigt. Bei starr mit anderen Werkstücken fest verschraubten, höheren Temperaturen ausgesetzten Gußeisen-Werkstücken hat sich dieses Glühen mit Überfüge instabiler carbidhaltiger Gußeisengefüge in den stabilen Ferrit und Graphit-Gefügezustand praktisch recht gut bewährt.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 720-723 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 713-717 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 732-735 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960) 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 749-756 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Polyolefins as a structural material for chemical apparatusIn recent years, there has been a very rapid increase in the use of polyolefins as a structural material for chemical apparatus. As this material can easily be processed and offers a high chemical resistance with excellent mechanical and electric properties, it has been possible to develop designs and methods which can be carried out much more easily with this material than with conventional materials. Of particular interest are the first members of this series, polyethylene and polypropylene.Soft polyethylene is not strong enough for self-bearing structures. Polypropylene is of interest in connection with the manufacture of chemical apparatus because of its high crystallite melting point but there is, as yet, not enough experience with its applications, especially at higher temperatures. Hard polyethylene has been able to find a range of applications in connection with recently developed processing techniques and with already known methods of processing semi-finished plastics, and has thus fulfilled the expectations as regards its use for the construction of chemical apparatus. In contrast, the method of surface corrosion protection based on powder processing or foils has not assumed the importance which it was, at one time, expected to assume.
    Notes: Die Entwicklung der Polyolefine als Konstruktionsmaterial ist in den letzten Jahren stürmisch vorangeschritten. Leichte Verarbeitbarkeit, gute chemische Beständigkeit mit ausgezeichneten mechanischen und elektrischen Eigenschaften haben Konstruktionen und Verfahren ermöglicht, die damit sehr viel leichter als mit den bisherigen Werkstoffen durchgeführt werden können. Interessant sind die ersten Glieder dieser Reibe Polyäthylen und Polypropylen.Weich-Polyäthylen ist für selbsttragende Konstruktionen nicht standfest genug. Polypropylen ist wegen seines hohen Kristallit-Schmelzpunktes für den chemischen Apparatebau interessant, doch liegen noch nicht genügend lange Erfahrungen besonders über den Einsatz bei höheren Temperaturen vor. Hart-Polyäthylen konnte sich durch die neu entwickelten Verarbeitungstechniken wie auch durch die bereits bekannten Kunststoffhalbzeug-Verarbeitungen gut einführen und hat die Erwartungen, die man im chemischen Apparatebau als Konstruktionsmaterial auf es setzte, erfüllt. Dagegen hat der Oberflächenkorrosionsschutz sowohl durch Pulververarbeitung wie auch mit Folien nicht die Bedeutung erlangt, die man sich anfangs erhofft hatte.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 756-760 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Economic problems in corrosion protectionThe results of certain investigations show that it is not necessary to seek absolute protection against corrosion and other forms of wear in a given environment and that, in choosing the most economic type of protective layer, it is not sufficient to consider the first cost. The choice of the coating should be based on an analysis of the risks of corrosion and, where applicable, of other forms of wear during the entire service life of the product; it should also be based on a complex economic assessment which should also take into account the required life of the coating, the aesthetic requirements, the cost of maintenance cover a long period and, possibly, the cost of renewing the coating. The decisive criterion in choosing the coating should therefore be the basic cost of affolding protection.
    Notes: Aus den angeführten Erkenntnissen und Untersuchungen ergibt sich, daß es nicht nötig ist, einen absoluten Schutz gegen Korrosion und andere Abnutzungen in einer gegebenen Umgebung zu suchen und daß es auch nicht genügt, für die Wahl der wirtschaftlichsten Schutzschichten nur ihre Herstellungskosten in Betracht zu ziehen. Die Wahl des Überzuges soll auf Grund einer Analyse der Korrosions- bzw. auch einer anderen Beanspruchung während der gesamten Funktionsdauer des Erzeugnisses getroffen werden sowie auf Grund einer komplexen ökonomischen Auswertung, bei der wir auch die nötige Lebensdauer des Überzuges, die Anforderungen an das Aussehen, die Kosten einer langfristigen Instandhaltung und evtl. der Erneuerung des Überzuges berücksichtigen. Entscheidend für die Wahl des Überzuges sollen also die Richtkosten der Schutzfähigkeit sein.
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    Description / Table of Contents: Conditions for the cathodic corrosion protection of metalsAfter a discussion of the part played by cathodic corrosion protection within the whole sphere of corrosion protection, the thermo-dynamic and kinetic conditions required for this method ar investigated. In this connection, some diagrams are reproduced from an “Atlas of electrochemical equilibria” at present under preparation, and which show, for 43 metals and metalloids, at which values of electrode potentials and pH one must expect corrosion, passivity, or immunity. Some of these cases are discussed in detail, including the influence of solid or gaseous hydrides which may arise in the process. It is also shown, on the strength of some examples, in which way polarisation curves can be used in developing cathodic protection systems for normal and stainless steels. In this connection, special attention is drawn to the dangerous effects of a badly planned cathodic protection system. In conclusion, the effectiveness, reliability and future potentialities of this protection method are discussed.
    Notes: Nach einer Erörterung der Stellung, welche der kathodische Korrosionsschutz von Metallen im Rahmen des Gesamtgebietes „Korrosionsschutz“ einnimmt, werden die für dieses Verfahren erforderlichen thermodynamischen und kinetischen Voraussetzungen untersucht. In diesem Zusammenhang werden einige Diagramme gezeigt, die einem in Vorbereitung befindlichen „Atlas der elektrochemischen Gleichgewichte“ entnommen sind und die für 43 Metalle und Metalloide zeigen, bei welchen Werten von Elektrodenspannung und pH Korrosion, Passivität oder Immunität vorliegen müßten. Einige dieser Fälle werden ausführlich erörtert und dabei auch der Einfluß eventuell entstehender fester oder gasförmiger Hydride diskutiert. Anhand einiger Beispiele wird ferner gezeigt, in welcher Weise Polarisationskurven bei der Entwicklung von kathodischen Schutzsystemen für normale und rostfreie Stähle herangezogen werden können; dabei wird besonders auf die gefährlichen Auswirkungen eines schlecht durchdachten kathodischen Schutzsystems hingewiesen. Abschließend werden Wirksamkeit, Sicherheit und Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten dieser Schutzmethode erörtert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. XLII 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 145-147 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
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    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion protection in steel constructionWelded assemblies consisting of thinwalled steel components call for particularly effective protective measures. Passivation is the best means of preventing corrosion-promoting local currents. In a corrosion-promoting local currents. In a corrosive atmosphere, red lead shows better results than primers containing chromate. According to German Standards DIN 4115, a single coat of red lead primer can only be regarded as adequate on structural parts having a minimum thickness of 3 mm. The finishing coats should be applied as soon as possible after the application of the primer. In the finishing coat, white lead and hematite are complementary to each other. In the opinion of the german Federal Railways, a preparation of the steel parts in the workshop is to be preferred to site preparation.
    Notes: Geschweißte Verbände aus Dünnwändigen Stahlbauteilen erfordern besonders sorgfältige Durchübung der Schutzmaßnahmen. Die Passivierung ist der bestgeeignete Weg zur Unterbindung rostfördernder Lokalströme. In „aggressiver“ Atmosphäre werden mit Bleimennige bessere Ergebnisse als mit abromathaltigen Grundiermitteln erzielt. Die einmalige Bleimennige-Grundierung ist gemäß DIN 4115 nur an Baugliedern mit einer Mindeststärke von 3 mm ausreichend. Der Auftrag der Deckanstriche soll baldmöglichst nach Fertigstellung der Grundierung erfolgen. Bleiweiß und Eisenglimmer ergänzend sich im Deckanstrich. Nach Ansicht der Deutschen Bundesbahn ist die Vorbereitung der Stahlbauteile in der Werkstatt derjenigen auf der Baustelle vorzuziehen.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 147-151 
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    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: The adhesion of surface layers to metalsThe relations between adhesion and surface forces are discussed. In the ideal case, the adhesion values of surface layers can be calculated from these relations. In practice, however, a number of discrepancies must be taken into account. They are due, in particular, to the crystal structure, to grating defects, and to the plasticity of the solids. Other discrepancies encountered are related to the manner in which the surface layer has been produced, or to the bonding between layer and base. The subject is discussed with the aid of measurements of the adhesion of scale layers to iron alloys.
    Notes: Die Zusammenhänge zwischen Adhäsion und Oberflächenkräften werden angegeben. Im Idealfall lassen sich die Haftfestigkeiten von Oberflächenschichten aus diesen Beziehungen errechnen. Im praktischen Fall sind jedoch verschiedene Abweichungen zu berücksichtigen. Sie beruhen insbesondere auf der Kristallstruktur, den Gitterbaufehlern und der Plastizität der Festkörper. Ferner treten Abweichungen auf, die mit der Art der Herstellung der Oberflächenschicht bzw. des Verbundes von Schicht und Unterlage zusammenhängen. Die Betrachtungen werden an Hand von Messungen der Haftung von Zunderschichten auf Eisenlegierungen erläutert.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 171-176 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 186-189 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 203-203 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 325-328 
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 335-335 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. i 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 357-369 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: New Nickel Alloys for Chemical ApparatusThe article deals with the nickel-based materials available to the chemical industry concerned with highly corrosive agents, and discusses their mechanical properties, processing and durability. Among them are the corrosion-resistant materials of the nickel-molybdenum, nickel-molybdenum-chromium and nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum groups which have become known by their different proprietary names. Depending on their composition, these materials can be used in conjunction with hydrochloric acid and chlorides in acid solutions, sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, acid mixes, and generally under oxidizing or reducing conditions.Other materials of special interest to the chemical industry are nickel-based alloys with different iron and chromium contents, unalloyed nickel and, in particular, nickel with low carbon content.The problems of grain disintegrations are discussed in the light of the last knowledge, and methods are indicated as to how this phenomenon can be prevented.
    Notes: Die für die Verfahren der chemischen Industrie mit hoher Korrosionsbeanspruchung zur Verfügung stehenden Werkstoffe auf Nickelbasis hinsichtlich ihrer mechanischen Eigenschaften, Bearbeitung und Beständigkeit besprochen. Hierher gehören die korrosionsbeständigen Werkstoffe der Nickel-Molybdän-, Nickel-Molybdän-Chrom- und Nickel-Chrom-Eisen-Molybdän-Gruppen, die unter den verschiedenen Herstellungstypen bekannt geworden sind. Sie können entsprechend ihrem Aufbau gegenüber Salzsäure und Chloriden in sauren Lösungen, Schwefelsäure, Phosphorsäure, Säuregemischen, allgemein unter oxydierenden oder reduzierenden Bedingungen angewandt werden.Werkstoffe, die für die chemische Industrie ebenfalls von besonderem Interesse sind, sind Legierungen auf Nickelbasis mit verschiedenen Eisen- und Chromgehalten, unlegiertes Nickel und insbesondere kohlenstoffarmes Nickel.Die Probleme des Kornzerfalls werden nach den neuesten Erkenntnissen behandelt und die Wege zur Verbinderung aufgezeigt.
    Additional Material: 26 Ill.
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 384-387 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 396-396 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 137-137 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 144-144 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 176-179 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 11 (1960), S. 156-162 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Anodic and cathodic polarisation phenomena with the inhibition of the acid corrosion of ironIt is shown that the inhibitors are primarily adsorbed or chemically fixed by the local anodes, and only later by the local cathodes. These phenomena are exclusively governed by the energy conditions on the metal surface, and not by the sign of the inhibitor particles. The adsorption takes place in two phases as it were. Good inhibitors show, apart from higher ohmic resistances, stronger anodic and cathodic polarisations. If the adsorption happens to take place, predominantly, at the local anode, the inhibiting effects and film resistances are lower. A high film resistance is always associated with a stronger cathodic polarisation. Poor inhibitors do not survive the first phase of adsorption to the local anodes. With good inhibitors, however, this phase is overcome very soon, and even with very low concentrations of approx. 0.01 gram per litre and over. The phenomena at the local anode are retarded by the blocking of the active centres whilst those at the local cathode are slowed down or arrested by a coherent layer of the inhibitor of higher ohmic resistance.
    Notes: Es wird gezeigt, daß die Inhibitoren primär an den Lokalanoden und dann erst an den Lokalkathoden adsorbiert oder chemisorbiert werden. Für diese Vorgänge sind nur die energetischen Verhältnisse an der Metalloberfläche, nicht aber der Ladungssinn der Inhibitionsteilchen maßgeblich. Die Adsorption geht gleichsam in zwei Stufen vor sich. Gute Inhibitoren zeigen neben höheren Ohmschen Widerstdänden auch stärkere anodische und kathodische Polarisationen. Erfolgt die Adsorption vorwiegend an der Lokalanode, dann treten nur niedrige Hemmungswirkungen und Filmwiderstände auf. Einem hohen Filmwiderstand entspricht stets auch eine stärkere kathodische Polarisation. Schlechte Inhibitoren kommen über das erste Stadium der Adsorption an den Lokalanoden nicht hinaus, bei guten wird dieses Stadium jedoch bald und bereits bei sehr niedrigen Konzentrationen von mehr als etwa 0,01 g/l überschritten. Die Vorgänge an der Lokalanode werden durch Blockierung der aktiven Zentren gehemmt, während jene an der Lokalkathode durch eine zusammenhängende Schicht des Inhibitors höheren Ohmschen Widerstandes verlangsamt oder zum Stillstand gebracht werden.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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