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  • Nanotechnology
  • ddc:330
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • English  (507)
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  • 1
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    Reaching net-zero in the chemical industry : a study of roadmaps for industrial decarbonisation (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Striving to mitigate climate change, the European Union has adopted net-zero greenhouse gas emissions as a target for 2050. In this paper, European chemical industry roadmaps from the past six years are assessed and compared to uncover how the industry envisions its role in the transition to net-zero emissions. The roadmaps are assessed in terms of ambition level, technology and feedstock strategies, investment needs and costs, agency and dependency on other actors, as well as timeline and concretion. Although net-zero pathways are often drawn out in the roadmaps, some also choose to emphasize and argue for less ambitious pathways with emission reductions of only 40-60 %. The roadmaps vary widely in terms of the importance they assign to mechanical and chemical recycling, switching to biogenic carbon and carbon dioxide as feedstock, electrification and hydrogen, and carbon capture and storage. A commonality though, is that low-tech or near-term mitigation pathways such as demand reduction, reuse or material efficiency are seldom included. High investment needs are generally highlighted, as well as the need for policy to create enabling conditions, whereas the agency and responsibility of the chemical industry itself is downplayed. Our analysis highlights that the chemical industry does not yet have a strong and shared vision for pathways to net-zero emissions. We conclude that such a future vision would benefit from taking a whole value chain approach including demand-side options and consideration of scope 3 emissions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Structural analysis of petrochemical clusters in Germany : what can be learned for the transformation towards climate-neutrality? (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-13
    Description: The petrochemical industry is among the most relevant sectors from an economic, energetic and climate policy perspective. In Western Europe, production occurs in local chemical parks that form strongly connected and densely integrated regional clusters. This paper analyzes the structural characteristics of the petrochemical system in Germany and investigates three particularly distinct clusters regarding their challenges and chances for a transition towards climate-neutrality. For this, feedstock and energy supply, product portfolios and process integration as well as existing transformation activities are examined. We find that depending on their distinct network characteristics and location, unique and complex strategies are to be mastered for every cluster. Despite the many activities underway, none of them seems to have a strategic network to co-create a tailored defossilization strategy for the cluster - which is the core recommendation of this paper to develop.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Avoid, shift or improve passenger transport? : Impacts on the energy system (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Demand-side mitigation strategies have been gaining momentum in climate change mitigation research. Still, the impact of different approaches in passenger transport, one of the largest energy demand sectors, remains unclear. We couple a transport simulation model to an energy system optimisation model, both highly disintegrated in order to compare those impacts. Our scenarios are created for the case of Germany in an interdisciplinary, qualitative-quantitative research design, going beyond techno-economic assumptions, and cover Avoid, Shift, and Improve strategies, as well as their combination. The results show that sufficiency - Avoid and Shift strategies - have the same impact as the improvement of propulsion technologies (i.e. efficiency), which is reduction of generation capacities by one quarter. This lowers energy system transformation cost accordingly, but requires different kinds of investments: Sufficiency measures require public investment for high-quality public services, while efficiency measures require individuals to purchase more expensive vehicles at their own cost. These results raise socio-political questions of system design and well-being. However, all strategies are required to unleash the full potential of climate change mitigation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Co-creation process on circular economy monitoring : overview of interactive activities and outcomes ; reflections on the links to the Bellagio Principles (2023)
    Mol : European Topic Centre on Waste and Materials
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-05
    Description: The transition to a greener and more circular economy has been a European policy priority for several years. The Circular Economy Action Plan of 2020 underlines the ambition. The following EEA initiatives are meant to support the transition process: - Bellagio Process on circular economy monitoring principles (EPA network); - Enhancement of EEA indicators on circular economy (ETC/WMGE); - Explorative work on novel data streams (FWC); - Co-creation work - knowledge sharing of monitoring experience (ETC/Eionet). The scope of the present task was to report on the co-creation process that was undertaken at the end of 2020. The co-creation process was organised to identify: (i) best practices on monitoring strategies, data sources and target setting; and (ii) areas of circularity measuring and monitoring that remain challenging and require additional investment. The co-creation process partially built on the work done during the Bellagio Process/Initiative which was run in parallel. This ETC report presents and documents the evidence gathered throughout the co- creation process as well as providing a retrospective analysis of the links to the Bellagio Principles.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Stop guessing in the dark : identified requirements for digital product passport systems (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a concept for collecting and sharing product-related information along the life cycle of a product. DPPs are currently the subject of intense discussion, and various development efforts are being undertaken. These are supported by regulatory activities, especially in the case of the battery passport. The aggregation of product life-cycle data and their respective use, as well as the sharing of these data between companies, entrepreneurs, and other actors in the value chain, is crucial for the creation of a resource-efficient circular economy. Despite the urgent need for such a solution, there is currently little attention given to the digital infrastructure for the creation and handling of the DPPs (i.e., the so-called DPP system). Moreover, there is so far no common understanding of what the requirements for a DPP system are. This is the background and underlying motivation of our paper: we identify the requirements for a DPP system in a structured way, i.e., based on stakeholder involvement and current literature from science and industry. In addition, we compose, categorize, and critically analyze the results, i.e., the list of requirements for DPP systems, in order to identify gaps. Summarized, our research provides insights into the criteria to be considered in the creation of an actual DPP system.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Perspectives on an effective design of industry tramsformation : an active systemic industrial policy for climate-neutral process industries in Europe ; commentary (2023)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Advances in Nanocomposites (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-01
    Description: Advances in Nanocomposites - Synthesis, Characterization and Industrial Applications was conceived as a comprehensive reference volume on various aspects of functional nanocomposites for engineering technologies. The term functional nanocomposites signifies a wide area of polymer/material science and engineering, involving the design, synthesis and study of nanocomposites of increasing structural sophistication and complexity useful for a wide range of chemical, physicochemical and biological/biomedical processes. "Emerging technologies" are also broadly understood to include new technological developments, beginning at the forefront of conventional industrial practices and extending into anticipated and speculative industries of the future. The scope of the present book on nanocomposites and applications extends far beyond emerging technologies. This book presents 40 chapters organized in four parts systematically providing a wealth of new ideas in design, synthesis and study of sophisticated nanocomposite structures.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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  • 8
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    Metal, Ceramic and Polymeric Composites for Various Uses (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Composite materials, often shortened to composites, are engineered or naturally occurring materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties which remain separate and distinct at the macroscopic or microscopic scale within the finished structure. The aim of this book is to provide comprehensive reference and text on composite materials and structures. This book will cover aspects of design, production, manufacturing, exploitation and maintenance of composite materials. The scope of the book covers scientific, technological and practical concepts concerning research, development and realization of composites.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Cooperative Microactuator Systems (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-08
    Description: This Special Issue collects emerging research activities in the field of cooperative microactuator systems, which are expected to generate new synergies, e.g., through parallelization, cascading, and multistability, as well as through inherent sensing.
    Keywords: Microactuator systems ; Microsystems technology ; Integration of smart materials ; Modeling of multi-physical coupling effects ; Coupled simulation of complex systems ; Control and systems engineering ; Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering & technology
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  • 10
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    Nanocomposites with Unique Properties and Applications in Medicine and Industry (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book contains chapters on nanocomposites for engineering hard materials for high performance aircraft, rocket and automobile use, using laser pulses to form metal coatings on glass and quartz, and also tungsten carbide-cobalt nanoparticles using high voltage discharges. A major section of this book is largely devoted to chapters outlining and applying analytic methods needed for studies of nanocomposites. As such, this book will serve as good resource for such analytic methods.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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  • 11
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    Polymer Thin Films (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides a timely overview of a current state of knowledge of the use of polymer thin film for important technological applications. Polymer thin film book covers the scientific principles and technologies that are necessary to implement the use of polymer electronic device. A wide-ranging and definitive coverage of this emerging field is provided for both academic and practicing scientists. The book is intended to enable readers with a specific background, e.g. polymer nanotechnology, to become acquainted with other specialist aspects of this multidisciplinary field. Part A of the book covers the fundamental of the key aspect related to the development and improvement of polymer thin film technology and part B covers more advanced aspects of the technology are dealt with nano-polymer layer which provide an up-to-date survey of current research directions in the area of polymer thin film and its application skills.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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  • 12
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    The circular economy and digitalisation - strategies for a digital-ecological industry transformation : a study commmissioned by Huawei Technologies Germany GmbH (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-26
    Description: Within the Shaping Digitalisation project, we aim to highlight and discuss the opportunities that digitalisation can bring to Germany. In particular, we are discussing three stand-out areas where action is most needed to achieve ecological transformation: mobility, the circular economy, and agriculture and food. This report addresses the second area in need of action. Up until now, discussions on the circular economy have been limited to recycling and the re-use of materials. We must expand the scope of these discussions to include new, resource-efficient business models and the comprehensive transformation of value chains and industrial structures. Our analysis has found that digitalisation is indispensable for this transformation if used properly. We hope this report will provide the impetus needed to kick-start a climate- and resource-friendly industrial transformation in Germany. Here, we have incorporated the findings of our interdisciplinary workshop on "Shaping the Digital-Ecological Industrial Transformation - Business Models and Political Framework Conditions for Climate and Resource Protection" that was attended by experts from international research institutes, civil organizations, public authorities, and private companies.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Digital product passport : the ticket to achieving a climate neutral and circular European economy? (2022)
    Cambridge : University of Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-10
    Description: The introduction of a Digital Product Passport (DPP) is an opportunity to create a system that can store and share all relevant information throughout a product's life cycle. This would provide industry stakeholders, businesses, public authorities and consumers with a better understanding of the materials used in the product as well as their embodied environmental impact. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the cost-of-living crisis, now is a critical moment to transform our economic and business models, while also addressing the huge scale of material emissions. DPPs can be a pivotal policy instrument in this goal. Furthermore, DPPs can accelerate the twin green and digital transitions as part of EU efforts to deliver positive climate action and sustainable economies. In 2020, the European Commission (EC) adopted a new Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP), which emphasised the need for circular economy initiatives to consider the entire life cycle of products, from the production of basic materials to end-of-life disposal. The Circular Economy Package published in March 2022 includes a proposal for an Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR), which builds upon the Ecodesign Directive that covers energy-related products. A DPP will form a key regulatory element of the ESPR by enhancing the traceability of products and their components. This will provide consumers and manufacturers with the information needed to make better informed choices by taking their environmental impact into consideration. As discussed in the report, there is widespread agreement amongst business leaders that a well-designed DPP could have both short- and longer-term benefits, improving access to reliable and comparable product sustainability information for businesses, consumers and policymakers. A well-designed DPP can unify information, making it more readily accessible to all actors in the supply chain. This will support businesses to ensure an effective transformation towards a decarbonised industry. It could also create incentives for companies to make their products more sustainable, as improving access to reliable and consistent information across supply chains will make it easier for customers to make comparisons.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 14
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    Fostering circular cities : a study on urban circularity hotspot frameworks for the Western Balkan region (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: A main goal of this study - which also functions as deliverable 210078-D07 of the Circular Economy Beacons (CEB) project - is to evaluate currently available frameworks that measure and operationalise Circular Economy (CE), with a particular focus on the urban context. The regional focus lies on the Western Balkan region, which is at the centre of the project. Such "Urban Circularity Hotspot Frameworks" (UCHF) aim at providing decision support for policy makers, companies, citizens etc. regarding the transition to CE within cities. Based on the analysis of different frameworks, suggestions are derived regarding UCHF suitable for the specific characteristics of Western Balkan municipalities, i.e. a Circular Economy Beacons Urban Circularity Hotspot Framework (CEB-UCHF) ready for short-term implementation.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Accelerating circular economy solutions to achieve the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: Circular economy seems a vital enabler for sustainable use of natural resources which is also important for achieving the 2030 agenda for sustainable development goals. Therefore, a special session addressing issues of "sustainable solutions and remarkable practices in circular economy focusing materials downstream" was held at the 16th International Conference on Waste Management and Technology, where researchers and attendees worldwide were convened to share their experiences and visions. Presentations focusing on many key points such as new strategies, innovative technologies, management methods, and practical cases were discussed during the session. Accordingly, this article compiled all these distinctive presentations and gave insights into the pathway of circular economy towards the sustainable development goals. We summarized that the transition to circular economy can keep the value of resources and products at a high level and minimize waste production; the focus of governmental policies and plans with the involvement of public-private-partnership on 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle) helps to improve the use of natural resources and take a step ahead to approach or achieve the sustainability.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 16
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    Business model innovations for renewable energy prosumer development in Germany (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-10-24
    Description: In Germany, the number of renewable energy prosumers has increased rapidly since 2000. However, the development of prosumers has faced and will continue to face various economic, social, and technological challenges, which have triggered the emergence of a number of innovative business models (BM). This paper enriches the empirical basis for prosumer-oriented BMs by investigating two BM innovations in Germany (P2P electricity trading and aggregation of small-size prosumers) drawing on business model and socio-technical transition theories. A mix of qualitative data collection methods, including document analysis and semi-structured expert interviews, was applied. We found that while both BMs can potentially address the challenges associated with renewable energy prosumer development in Germany, small-scale prosumers’ participation in both BMs has been limited so far. We identified various internal and external drivers and barriers for scaling up these BMs for prosumer development in Germany. Despite these barriers, both aggregation and centralized P2P targeting prosumers may potentially be also taken up by incumbent market actors such as utilities. Decentralized P2P on the other hand still faces significant internal and external barriers for upscaling. Based on the analysis, the paper provides policy recommendations with respect to the identified drivers and barriers. From a theoretical perspective, our findings provide further evidence to challenge the dichotomous understanding of niche actors and incumbents, the latter of which are often theorized to be resistant to radical innovations.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 17
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    Way out of the one-way? : Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the generation of waste from packaging in Germany (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-12
    Description: How do recent changes in consumption in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic affect the avoidance of packaging waste? How can an increase in packaging waste be countered and the previous trend towards unpackaged and reusable solutions be revived and promoted? To tackle these questions, we use a systemic approach that regards packaging as a network of interrelated interests of industry (manufacturing and logistics), trade (retail and catering), consumers and the waste management sector. To analyse this network, we applied three methods. First, we analysed secondary sources such as surveys. Second, we conducted semi-structured interviews with seven actors from industry, consumer education and waste management in May and June 2020. Third, we used the questions from the interview guideline to do an online survey among representatives of the public waste management industry.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 18
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    Digitally driven energy management practices in SMEs : exploring potentials and barriers (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-24
    Description: Innovative digital technologies open up new opportun­ ities for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to improve energy efficiency and energy management behavior. The question is: How far will SMEs be capable of profiting from the benefits of these new technologies? Using technology screening, this study identifies smart metering and mobile energy monitoring as digital technologies best addressing SMEs' specific demands. In addition, potentials and limitations of the technologies are investigated in two qualitative in-depth field trials. Barriers to adopting digitally enabled energy management practices are examined. The results indicate that visualising energy data enables SMEs to pursue new energy management practices for reducing energy consumption and costs (such as peak load analysis). SMEs need extensive guidance to identify and pursue these strategies. In conclusion, an exploratory adoption model for digitally enabled energy management practices is developed. Hypotheses for future experimental studies and policy implications are derived.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 19
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    The circular economy as a new narrative for the textile industry : an analysis of the textile value chain with a focus on Germany's transformation to a circular economy (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-24
    Description: At the end of March 2022, the European Commission published its new EU Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles. Its ambitious vision is to reduce textile waste, promote circular measures and minimise the negative environmental impacts of the textile industry. But what would a textile industry that keeps textiles in a closed loop look like, and what political conditions would be required in Germany? This Zukunftsimpuls paper by the Wuppertal Institute points to the role that Germany could play in the transformation towards a circular textile industry.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 20
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    What will drive household adoption of smart energy? : Insights from a consumer acceptance study in Germany (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Although smart energy technologies (SETs) can fulfill multiple tasks in increasingly decarbonized and digitalized energy systems, market diffusion is still limited. This study investigates which beliefs influence consumers' intention to adopt two smart-energy offerings, whether the rapid growth of the smart home market will now drive SET adoption, and if consumer-driven diffusion will lead to sustainability potentials being realized. Building on UTAUT2, a new theoretical model is proposed, and a consumer acceptance survey was conducted in Germany (n = 700). Results indicate that a growing smart home market will not increase SET adoption and that "adjustable green defaults" should be introduced.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 21
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    Plastic credits - financing the transition to the global circular economy : final assessment report on the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, Kerala (2022)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: The project "Plastic Credits - Financing the Transition to the Global Circular Economy" supports the implementation of a waste management structure in India's rural regions. By that it aims to improve the current waste collection and treatment structures in the pilot regions Goa, Maharashtra, and Kerala. Herein, the project focuses on low value plastics (LVP), and especially multi-layer plastics (MLP), that have no market value. In order to analyze the environmental impacts of the project, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) was conducted. The considered environmental components comprise: greenhouse gas emissions, usage of primary resources, impacts on marine and terrestrial wildlife, standard of living, and economic costs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 22
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    Engaging the fourth industrial revolution (2022)
    UJ Press | SunBonani Scholar
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    Publication Date: 2022-10-26
    Description: The reality of a radically changing world is beyond dispute. The notion of the Fourth Industrial Revolution is a heuristic key for the world of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, nanotechnology, quantum computing, big data, the internet of things, and biotechnology. The discussion of emerging technologies and the Fourth Industrial Revolution highlights urgent questions about issues like intention, function, risk, and responsibility. This publication stimulates further reflection, ongoing conversation, and eventually the production of more textured thinking. The conversation with technology and with thinkers on technology, holds the promise of a certain fecundity, the possibility to see deeper into human evolution, but also, may be, into the future of humankind.
    Keywords: Fourth Industrial Revolution ; technological drivers ; Artificial intelligence ; Bio-engineering ; Robotics ; Nanotechnology ; Quantum computing ; theological reflection ; Dystopian ; utopian futures ; Christian faith ; Stiegler ; Religious leadership ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HR Religion & beliefs::HRL Aspects of religion (non-Christian)::HRLB Theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology
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  • 23
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    Democratic Experiments (2022)
    The MIT Press | The MIT Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: An examination of nanotechnology as a lens through which to study contemporary democracy in both theory and practice. In Democratic Experiments, Brice Laurent discusses the challenges that emerging technologies create for democracy today. He focuses on nanotechnology and its attendant problems, proposing nanotechnology as a lens through which to understand contemporary democracy in both theory and practice. Arguing that democracy is at stake where nanotechnology is defined as a problem, Laurent examines the sites where nanotechnology is discussed and debated by scientists, policymakers, and citizens. It is at these sites where the joint production of nanotechnology and the democratic order can be observed. Focusing on the United States, France, and Europe, and various international organizations, Laurent analyzes representations of nanotechnology in science museums, collective discussions in participatory settings, the making of categories such as “nanomaterials” or responsible innovation” in standardization and regulatory arenas, and initiatives undertaken by social movements. He contrasts American debates, in which the concern for public objectivity is central, with the French “state experiment,” the European goal of harmonization, and the international concern with a global market. In France, public debate proceeded in response to public protest and encountered a radical critique of technological development; the United States experimented with an innovative approach to technology assessment. The European regulatory approach results in lengthy debates over political integration; the United States relies on the adversarial functioning of federal agencies. Because nanotechnology is a domain where concerns over anticipation and participation are pervasive, Laurent argues, nanotechnology—and science and technology studies more generally—provides a relevant focus for a renewed analysis of democracy.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; Political structures: democracy ; Central / national / federal government policies ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JP Politics and government::JPH Political structure and processes::JPHV Political structures: democracy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDK Science funding and policy ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDM Scientific research
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    Expenditure-based indicators of energy poverty : an analysis of income and expenditure elasticities (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: Energy poverty is high up on national and European Union policy agendas. A number of possible indicators to measure the issue have been identified in the literature, but comparable data with European coverage is scarce. The EU Commission thus proposes four independent indicators on the "EU Energy Poverty Observatory" based on self-reported items from the pan-European surveys on income and living conditions (SILC) and household budgets (HBS). It is of increasing public interest to analyse social impacts of energy policies, and quantify energy poverty indicators also from modelling. This paper first shortly outlines how the expenditure-based indicators using HBS micro data may be directly linked to existing macroeconomic models through their defining variables (energy expenditure and income). As endogenous modelling based on micro data is difficult, the link may be country-specific elasticities. The main contribution of the paper is a systematic in-depth sensitivity analysis of the two indicators to changes in income and energy expenditure following varying patterns in the underlying distributions of the micro data. The results may be used by future soft links to models. The results display sometimes counterintuitive effects. We find that whether these indicators increase/decrease after a change of income or energy expenditure largely depends on the specific country-wise income and energy expenditure distribution between households on a micro-level. Due to their definition, the examined indicators are especially sensitive, when income changes alter the indicator threshold values, which in these cases are the median values in underlying distributions. We discuss these findings and relate them to several indicator shortcomings and potential remedies through changes in indicator definition.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Towards a more realistic cost-benefit analysis : attempting to integrate transaction costs and energy efficiency services (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Description: In order to calculate the financial return of energy efficiency measures, a cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a proven tool for investors. Generally, however, most CBAs for investors have a narrow focus, which is - simply speaking - on investment costs compared with energy cost savings over the life span of the investment. This only provides part of the full picture. Ideally, a comprehensive or extended CBA would take additional benefits as well as additional costs into account. The objective of this paper is to reflect upon integrating into a CBA two important cost components: transaction costs and energy efficiency services - and how they interact. Even though this concept has not been carried out to the knowledge of the authors, we even go a step further to try to apply this idea. In so doing, we carried out a meta-analysis on relevant literature and existing data and interviewed a limited number of energy experts with comprehensive experience in carrying out energy services. Even though data is hardly available, we succeeded in constructing three real-world cases and applied an extended CBA making use of information gathered on transaction costs and energy services costs. We were able to show that, despite these additional cost components, the energy efficiency measures are economically viable. Quantitative data was not available on how energy services reduce transaction costs; more information on this aspect could render our results even more positive. Even though empirical and conceptual research must intensify efforts to design an even more comprehensive CBA, these first-of-its-kind findings can counterargue those that believe energy efficiency is not worth it (in monetary terms) due to transaction costs or energy services costs. In fact, this is good news for energy efficiency and for those that seek to make use of our findings to argue in favor of taking up energy efficiency investments in businesses.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Measuring non-financial forms of capital (2021)
    Oxford : Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: This chapter turns to the measurement of performance in delivering corporate and ecosystem purposes. The metrics are designed to capture the pain points in the ecosystem that need to be addressed and the success of the intervention in addressing them. This requires measures of non-financial as well as financial performance. The chapter provides an overview of measurements of non-financial forms of capital: natural, human, and social. In examining natural capital, it contrasts input measures that record the amount of natural resources that are used in the production process and output measures that examine the impact of the inputs on products, emissions, waste, etc. It notes that measuring inputs is in general more straightforward than outputs and it therefore argues that natural capital metrics should be constructed around inputs rather than outputs.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    A circular economy for the data centre industry : using design methods to address the challenge of whole system sustainability in a unique industrial sector (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: The data centre industry (DCI) has grown from zero in the 1980s, to enabling 60% of the global population to be connected in 2021 via 7.2 million data centres. The DCI is based on a linear economy and there is an urgent need to transform to a Circular Economy to establish a secure supply chain and ensure an economically stable and uninterrupted service, which is particularly difficult in an industry that is comprised of ten insular subsectors. This paper describes the CEDaCI project which was established to address the challenge in this unique sector; this ground-breaking project employs a whole systems approach, Design Thinking and the Double Diamond methods, which rely on people/stakeholder engagement throughout. The paper reviews and assesses the impact of these methods and project to date, using quantitative and qualitative research, via an online sectoral survey and interviews with nine data centre and IT industry experts. The results show that the project is creating positive impact and initiating change across the sector and that the innovative output (designs, business models, and a digital tool) will ensure that sectoral transformation continues; the project methods and structure will also serve as an exemplar for other sectors.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Innovation in housing decarbonisation: Germany (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Germany's transition to a circular economy : how to unlock the potential of cross-industry collaboration (2021)
    Berlin : Econsense
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The transition from today's "take, make, waste" economic paradigm to a circular economy requires a joint effort from actors on all levels: governments, business, and civil society. While companies are among the drivers of the circular transformation, they find it hard to achieve a circular economy on their own. Hence, cross-industry collaboration is one of the imperatives for scaling a circular economy. Against this background, econsense, together with Accenture and the Wuppertal Institute, launched its study "Germany's Transition to a Circular Economy - How to Unlock the Potential of Cross-Industry Collaboration". Based on a survey and expert interviews within the econsense community, the study finds that companies are yet to unlock the full potential of cross-industry collaboration. While two thirds of analysed industry collaborations have a high potential for scaling the circular economy, only 43 per cent of those already show a high degree of interaction. The study provides concrete guidance for companies to get started with circularity and identify the right partners for cross-industry collaboration. Specifically, the report recommends companies: 1) Understand what circularity is about and map it on their own operations and processes. 2) Understand the different circular business models and identify the ones relevant to each business. 3) Discover areas where collaboration can help to create the needed foundation and to execute circular actions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Eco-innovation and digitalisation : case studies, environmental and policy lessons from EU member states for the EU green deal and the circular economy : EIO biennial report 2020 (2021)
    Brussels : European Commission
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digitalisation is taking place at a fast pace in all European countries and it is transforming the economies, societies, communication, jobs and the necessary skills for the workplace and everyday life. The Covid-19 pandemic is also accelerating digitalisation at many levels. To address the great challenges resulting from this, the European Commission has launched the Green Deal, a long-term transformation strategy towards an innovative and sustainable society. Three important initiatives under the Green Deal are the New Circular Economy Action Plan, the Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 and the Zero Pollution Action Plan. The various strategies and action plans draw up a large portfolio of measures, instruments and milestones that are always linked to digital technologies. Ideally, these are eco-innovative and sustainable and contribute to improving living conditions in Europe. The EIO Biennial Report 2020, which looks at a different topic every two years, considers digitalisation a major opportunity to accelerate the transition to a circular Europe. In the current report, the authors provide an overview of eco-innovation trends, illustrated by digital technology and policy practices that can further drive the circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Circular business models for remanufacturing in the electric bicycle industry (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-03
    Description: The rising popularity and strong increase in the number of electric bicycles make it necessary to consider the built-in resources as well as possible treatments after the use phase. The time lag between the purchase and the occurrence of relevant defects suggests significant increases in defective components. Especially the great dynamics of the market due to regular innovations, product renewals, and the lack of spare parts availability for older models make the long-term use by customers much more difficult than for conventional bicycles. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze circular business models for the electric bicycle market. In this way, the required structures for a sustainable electric bicycle industry can be created so that valuable materials do not go into disposal but undergo a new use phase. Based on the results of "AddRE-Mo-Value Preservation Scenarios for Urban Electromobility of Persons and Loads through Additive Manufacturing and Remanufacturing," a research project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, this paper addresses four circular business models, two sales models, and two service models. The guiding research interest of this paper is the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing from a business model perspective, analyzing the extent to which additive remanufacturing can be considered a solution for electric bicycles' circularity. After describing the approach and methods used to develop these four circular business models the business models are described and analyzed using the Business Model Canvas. Based on this analysis, it is shown that the combination of remanufacturing and additive manufacturing can be applied to the electric bicycle market and be integrated into both sales and service models. The description of these business models will help managers design viable business models in the context of sustainable electric bicycles. It also shows that the individual partners within the value chain must collaborate more closely. In the electric bicycle industry, a single company will probably not be able to close the product cycle completely. Further research is needed to develop concepts of the business models and examine their practical feasibility in technical and organizational operations to achieve a circular economy.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Economics of waste prevention : second-hand products in Germany (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: Reuse is still seen as a "niche phenomenon" and consumers seem to waste economic opportunities linked to buying and selling second-hand products. For this reason, this paper focuses on incentives and barriers to sell and buy second-hand products, as indicated in the literature, and applies a theoretical framework of transaction costs to explain the existing consumption patterns. For this paper, a representative online survey was conducted in which 1023 consumers in Germany participated, age 16 and older. The data were analyzed for statistically significant deviations between different groups of economic actors selling or buying second-hand products. Results show that valuable unused products exist in households, but barriers such as uncertainties about the reliability of the buyer or the quality of the product hinder the transition into sustainable consumption. Different forms of transaction costs are important explanatory variables to explain why consumers nevertheless predominantly buy new products, although they are aware that second-hand would save money and make an individual contribution to climate protection.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The growing impact of decentralised actors in power generation : a comparative analysis of the energy transition in Germany and Japan (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: This paper argues that, although Japan's and Germany's energy transition paths differ in detail, a trend towards decentralisation is clearly evident in both countries. Based on comprehensive screening, own stocktaking and the results of a stakeholder dialogue, this paper highlights the motivation for different local actors to enter the energy market in both countries. Although there are challenges to success in a market dominated by large energy companies, this paper argues that the benefits to local communities outweigh the efforts. Overall, it is shown that democratisation and the decentralisation of the energy system are suitable to facilitate a successful transformation process in both countries.
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    Sustainable supply chains : global cooperative regional economies for prosperity and resilience (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Publication Date: 2022-02-23
    Description: Two thirds of today's world trade is based on global value chains and supply networks. Purely regional supply chains have become less important in recent decades. The effects of these globalised structures are manifold. On the one hand, they promote employment and generate prosperity. On the other hand, they are beset by extreme social, ecological and economic imbalances. The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the fragility of existing supply chain systems. The lockdown continues to disrupt complex supply chains and many problems of existing production and consumption continue to worsen. COVID-19 is one example of the crises that can shake globally networked supply chains in the short term. Other crises, such as climate change, develop more insidiously and are less immediately recognisable. Different as they are, such crises have one thing in common: they highlight the vulnerability of global social and economic structures and illustrate the impact of global trade on the regions and people of the world. This is precisely where global sustainability strategy comes in - it aims to fundamentally reduce differences and inequalities in opportunities and quality of life. The COVID-19 pandemic has forced the entire world into upheaval, creating an opportunity to make sustainability a central political resilience strategy. In the wake of the Corona pandemic, the discussion about resilient communities has flared up. In order to guarantee supply in the face of such crises, these should be more strongly regional and circular in their economic approach and global and sustainable in their perspective. The aim should be sustainable, transparent, non-exploitative supply chains that guarantee the security of supply to cover basic needs and public services despite sudden changes and crises. This discussion paper draws a future scenario of globally cooperative, circular regional economies that fundamentally reduce global inequalities in opportunities and quality of life, while at the same time permanently preserving the natural foundations of life.
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    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Climate neutrality in business : ten recommendations for implementation (2021)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: More and more companies are announcing their intention to become climate-neutral and numerous companies already offer climate-neutral products or services: From climate-neutral parcel delivery to air travel. But what exactly do the companies' net-zero targets mean? Is the target set ambitious? And what role does offsetting play, i.e., purchasing carbon credits that are accounted against the company's own climate target? The approaches behind the proclaimed targets are often difficult to understand. Against this background, this Zukunftsimpuls provides ten recommendations for the definition and implementation of neutrality targets. Among other things, the authors advocate the use of a robust database as the basis for net-zero targets, emphasize the importance of transparent communication, and highlight the role that offsetting should play. Purchased carbon credits should make as limited a contribution as possible for meeting climate targets and should only be used to offset emissions that cannot be reduced or avoided. More generally, net-zero targets should not be made the sole criterion for ambitious climate strategies. Rather, they are a building block of a much more comprehensive strategy of corporate climate action.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Untapped: understanding the consumer in circular economy activities : empirical case studies on consumer behavior and motivation in the context of circular economy (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-08-09
    Description: With increasing world population and an unsettling resource scarcity in the back, sustainble consumption has moved to the foreground of political, economical and social discussions. One major school-of-thought is Circular Economy (CE), an approach summarizing various sustainable consumption activites under one roof. However, quantitative studies on the consumer are rare, yet crucial for a transfer from linear to circular consumption. This dissertation adds to literature by providing pioneer insights into consumer behavior in CE as an overarching concept, instead limiting research on singular subconcepts. Namely, four consumer activities are studied: recycling, upcycling, renting and sharing. In order to identify relevant insights for both academics and practitioners in CE, the research question ("what drives participation in CE?") is broken down into sub-hypotheses, which are addressed by three empirical studies. Using the SOR-Model (adaption Belk 1975) as overarching logic, the three studies deal with (1) the consumer (and their motivation) and situational stimuli (both (2) offline and (3) online). Respectively, three data sets are consulted to assess the sub-hypotheses and to identify overarching insights on how to accelerate consumer participation in CE, The research methodology employed ranges from a structured equation model (SEM), a random allocation field experiment during Fashion Week in Berlin to a discrete-choice model with best-worst scaling. The dissertation succeeds in revealing that (1) different activities in CE can be summarized in one latent variable, proving CE as a wholesome concept in consumer-related activities; that (2) Trust has a leveraging effect on participation in CE activities. Further, Trust can be enhanced offline via face-to-face interaction and online via third-party online attributes.; and that (3) experience in CE activities affects perception of online attributes, implying the need for adapted measures when dealing with CE-unexperienced consumers as compared to consumers with prior experience in CE activities.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Success factors for the foundation of municipal utilities in Germany (2021)
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    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: More than 150 municipal utilities (so-called Stadtwerke) were established in Germany from the beginning of the millennium, bringing the total number of Stadtwerke currently established within the country to approximately 900. With responsibility for more than half of the supply of electricity, gas and heat in Germany, these Stadtwerke play a central role in the transformation of the energy sector, or Energiewende. In addition, due to their local and regional ties, Stadtwerke have a particular role to play in energy politics, the economy and across society. This article focuses on the motives behind, and grounds for, the current wave of newly established Stadtwerke. Further, it discusses the factors that were critical to the successful formation of new Stadtwerke in recent years. The results of our survey indicate that the establishment of municipal Stadtwerke is a suitable measure to implement the energy transition at the local level, whereby the concept of public value has a high level of importance for the local decision-makers. Collaboration and cooperation, as well as a resilience-oriented strategy, are important success factors for new Stadtwerke.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The circular business framework for building, developing and steering businesses in the circular economy (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-15
    Description: The need for a transition towards a circular economy (CE) is evident, as the current economic model is based on the exploitation of far more resources than the planet can replenish sustainably. A significant part of this economic transition is the inception of new, CE-oriented startups and business activities. While business model frameworks (BMF), such as the Business Model Canvas (BMC), were at the center of discussions about structuring business ideas in the beginning of the millennium, the conversation must now shift towards circular BMFs (CBMF). This paper follows the Design Research Methodology (DRM) for an empirical approach to devising a novel CBMF, including expert interviews as well as a first application of the framework with a startup. Throughout this process, a new and innovative tool called Circular Business Framework (CBF) was created and tested based on CE principles.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Advances in Composite Materials for Medicine and Nanotechnology (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Due to their good mechanical characteristics in terms of stiffness and strength coupled with mass-saving advantage and other attractive physico-chemical properties, composite materials are successfully used in medicine and nanotechnology fields. To this end, the chapters composing the book have been divided into the following sections: medicine, dental and pharmaceutical applications; nanocomposites for energy efficiency; characterization and fabrication, all of which provide an invaluable overview of this fascinating subject area. The book presents, in addition, some studies carried out in orthopedic and stomatological applications and others aiming to design and produce new devices using the latest advances in nanotechnology. This wide variety of theoretical, numerical and experimental results can help specialists involved in these disciplines to enhance competitiveness and innovation.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Crystalline and Non-crystalline Solids (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The structural properties of materials play a fundamental role in the determination of their suitability for a specific application. This book is intended as a contribution to the efforts to increase the knowledge of the influence exerted on the properties of materials by their crystalline or amorphous structure. To this aim, some of the materials that are most promising for their use in different technological fields have been studied, namely graphene, titanium oxide, several types of functional metal oxides, porphyrinic crystalline solids, plasma deposited polymers, amorphous silicon, as well as hydrogenated amorphous carbon. These materials have been presented by the authors for their use in different applications, including microelectronics, photonics, and biomedicine.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Materials Science (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Today modern materials science is a vibrant, emerging scientific discipline at the forefront of physics, chemistry, engineering, biology and medicine, and is becoming increasingly international in scope as demonstrated by emerging international and intercontinental collaborations and exchanges. The overall purpose of this book is to provide timely and in-depth coverage of selected advanced topics in materials science. Divided into five sections, this book provides the latest research developments in many aspects of materials science. This book is of interest to both fundamental research and also to practicing scientists and will prove invaluable to all chemical engineers, industrial chemists and students in industry and academia.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team are delighted to present the inaugural “Frontiers in Chemistry: Rising Stars” article collection, showcasing the high-quality work of internationally recognized researchers in the early stages of their independent careers. All Rising Star researchers featured within this collection were individually nominated by the Journal’s Chief Editors in recognition of their potential to influence the future directions in their respective fields. The work presented here highlights the diversity of research performed across the entire breadth of the chemical sciences, and presents advances in theory, experiment and methodology with applications to compelling problems. This Editorial features the corresponding author(s) of each paper published within this important collection, ordered by section alphabetically, highlighting them as the great researchers of the future. The Frontiers in Chemistry Editorial Office team would like to thank each researcher who contributed their work to this collection. We would also like to personally thank our Chief Editors for their exemplary leadership of this article collection; their strong support and passion for this important, community-driven collection has ensured its success and global impact.
    Keywords: Green and Sustainable Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Polymer Chemistry ; Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry ; Nanoscience ; Catalysis and Photocatalysis ; Supramolecular Chemistry ; Electrochemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry ; Chemical Biology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues
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    Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Nowadays nanoscience and nanotechnologies provide us with many excellent examples of the unique solutions for the different technical problems and demands of human society. Smart stimuli-responsive nanosystems and nanomaterials are used in many fields such as medicine, biomedical, biotechnology, agriculture, environmental pollution control, cosmetics, optics, health, food, energy, textiles, automotive, communication technologies, agriculture, and electronics. The book “Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis” describes the modern trends in nanoscience and nanotechnology for creation of smart hybrid nanosystems combining the inorganic nano-objects with organic, biological, and biocompatible materials, which create multifunctional and remotely controlled platforms for diverse technical and biomedical uses. The material includes several review and original research articles devoted to the problems of directed chemical and biological synthesis of such nanosystems, thorough analysis of their physical and chemical properties and prospects of their possible applications. We hope that the presented book will be useful for different nanoscience research groups and PhD and graduate students, to introduce them to the world of hybrid metal-organic and metal-biological nano-objects, and smart self-organizing nanosystems and open new ways of their possible use in different scientific and practical areas.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
    Language: English
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    An Experimental Study on Adhesive or Anti-adhesive, Bio-inspired Experimental Nanomaterials (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Adhesive abilities of insects, spiders and reptiles have inspired researchers for a long time. All these organisms show outstanding performance, particularly for force, adhesion and climbing abilities, relative to their size and weight. Scientists have focused on the gecko’s adhesive paw system and climbing abilities. Its adhesion mechanism has been an important topic of research for nearly 150 years. However, certain phenomena of geckos are still not fully understood and represent today the main challenge in several scientific discussions that aim to better understand their adhesive ability. The manuscript deals with the influence of surface roughness on the gecko’s adhesion on the inverted surface of Poly(methyl meth-acrylate) (PMMA) and glass, of PMMA with different surface roughness, on the gecko’s maximum normal adhesive force. In general, the adhesive structure and mechanism of an animal could be connected to the micro-structured roughness of natural substrata (e.g. plant surfaces) in the natural environment. This manuscript focuses on the nanometer scale, which is involved in everything from gecko spatulae to the waxy nanotubules of the lotus leaf, to the fibroin protein materials that constitute spider silks. In general, spider silks display superior mechanical properties, but only in the last few decades, researchers investigated various types of silks and evaluated their very different mechanical properties. The dragline and the flag silks (or radial and circumferential) of orb weaving spiders have been characterized in scientific literature while, to our knowledge, few studies have been conducted on bundles, which connect the cocoons of Meta menardi to the ceiling of caves.
    Keywords: TA1-2040 ; TP1-1185 ; Bio-inspired materials ; Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBX History of engineering and technology
    Language: English
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    Experimental Investigations of Deformation Pathways in Nanowires (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: This work deals with the experimental investigation of the mechanical properties of nanowires. Experiments are conducted in a dedicated system inside the electron microscope. The mechanical response of various material systems is probed, the underlying deformation mechanisms are elucidated and subsequently put into context with mechanical size effects.
    Keywords: T1-995 ; Size-Effect ; Scanning-Electron Microscopy ; mechanical Properties ; Nanowires ; Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::T Technology, engineering, agriculture::TB Technology: general issues
    Language: English
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    Nanofibres: Friend or Foe? (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Nanofibers, particularly those of a carbonaceous content, have received increased interest in the past two decades due to their outstanding physico-chemical characteristics and their possibility to form and contribute towards a plethora of potentially advantageous materials for consumer, industrial and medical applications. Despite this, and together with the numerous research studies and published articles that have sought to investigate these aspects, the potential impact of CNTs is still not understood. Whether or not nanofibers may be able to provide a sophisticated alternative to conventional materials is still debatable, whilst their effects upon both environmental and human health are highly equivocal. How nanofibers are conceived can determine how they may interact with different environments, such as the human body. Understanding each key step of the synthesis and production of nanofibers to their use within potential applications is therefore essential in gaining an insight into how they may be perceived by any biological system and environment. Thus, obtaining such information will enable all scientific communities to begin to realize the potential advantages posed by nanofibers. The aim of this Special Issue therefore, was to provide a collective overview of nanofibers; ‘from synthesis to application’. The Issue particularly focuses upon carbon-based nanofibers, but also highlights alternative nanofiber types. Emphasis is given holistically, with articles discussing the production routes of nanofibers, their plight during their life-cycle (origin to applied form and effects over time), as well as how nanofibers could either incite conflict, or provide aid to human and environmental health.
    Keywords: QD1-999 ; Toxicology ; Chemistry ; Biology ; Material Science ; Nanofibers ; Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry
    Language: English
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    Nanoparticles in Cancer Therapy: Novel Concepts, Mechanisms and Applications (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Nanoparticles ; Nanomedicine ; Nanotechnology ; Drug delivery ; cancer therapy ; gene delivery ; Immunotherapy ; Nanotoxicity ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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    Magnetic Materials (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book reports on the recent progresses in theory, application, and characterization of magnetic materials. It covers a broad spectrum of topics on magnetic materials with different shapes and morphologies such as transition metals, cylindrical and 2D ferromagnetic nanowires, core-shell nanowires, monoatomic-layered nanostructures, and nanocrystals. This book addresses diverse groups of readers with general background in physics and material science and also covers topics for the specialists in the field of magnetism. It is believed that this book will be interesting for the readers and will provide a solid foundation about the topic for the students, scientists, and engineers working in the field of material science and condensed matter physics.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
    Language: English
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    Recent Advances in Nanophotonics (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This volume brings together several recent research articles in the field of nanophotonics. The editors have arranged the chapters in three main parts: quantum devices, photonic devices, and semiconductor devices. The chapters cover a wide variety of scopes in those areas including principles of plasmonic, SPR, LSPR and their applications, graphene-based nanophotonic devices, generation of entangled photon and quantum dots, perovskite solar cells, photo-detachment and photoionization of two-electrons systems, diffusion and intermixing of atoms in semiconductor crystals, lattice and molecular elastic and inelastic scattering including surface-enhanced Raman Scattering and their applications. It is our sincerest hope that science and engineering students and researchers could benefit from the new ideas and recent advances in the field that are covered in this book.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Nanogenerators (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: This book provides an introduction to nanogenerators, which are the newest technological advancement in the field of energy conversion. Chapters discuss the physics behind energy conversion using detailed research results and experimental techniques for fabricating triboelectric and piezoelectric devices, as well as nanogenerators in the field of biomedicine and the construction of stretchable electrodes for wearable devices.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Science and Technology Governance and Ethics (2021)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: R & D/Technology Policy; Ethics; Food Science; Nanotechnology; Biotechnology
    Keywords: R & D/Technology Policy ; Ethics ; Food Science ; Nanotechnology ; Biotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries ; bic Book Industry Communication::W Lifestyle, sport & leisure::WC Antiques & collectables::WCF Coins, banknotes, medals, seals (numismatics) ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KJ Business and Management::KJC Business strategy ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KND Manufacturing industries ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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    Advances and Challenges in Nanomedicine (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
    Keywords: Nanomedicine ; Nanotechnology ; Nanoparticles ; nanotoxicology ; Targeted Drug Delivery ; translation ; Commercialization ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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    Nanoscale Photonic Imaging (2021)
    Springer Nature | Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
    Keywords: Spectroscopy and Microscopy ; Biological Microscopy ; Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices ; Computer Imaging, Vision, Pattern Recognition and Graphics ; Nanoscale Science and Technology ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Spectroscopy ; Life Sciences ; Laser ; Nanophysics ; Characterization and Analytical Technique ; X-ray optics ; X-ray imaging ; Mathematical imaging ; Sub-diffraction optical microscopy ; Multidimensional microscopy ; High resolution spectroscopy ; Lensless imaging ; Time dependent x-ray scattering ; Inverse optical problems ; Nano biophotonics ; DFG funded OA book ; Nanoscale optical imaging ; Nanoscale biological imaging ; Open Access ; Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry ; Scientific equipment, experiments & techniques ; Biology, life sciences ; Optical physics ; Applied optics ; Computer vision ; Nanotechnology ; Testing of materials ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PN Chemistry::PNF Analytical chemistry::PNFS Spectrum analysis, spectrochemistry, mass spectrometry ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PH Physics::PHJ Optical physics ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TG Mechanical engineering and materials::TGM Materials science::TGMT Testing of materials
    Language: English
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    Hybrid Nanomaterials (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Two of the hottest research topics today are hybrid nanomaterials and flexible electronics. As such, this book covers both topics with chapters written by experts from across the globe. Chapters address hybrid nanomaterials, electronic transport in black phosphorus, three-dimensional nanocarbon hybrids, hybrid ion exchangers, pressure-sensitive adhesives for flexible electronics, simulation and modeling of transistors, smart manufacturing technologies, and inorganic semiconductors.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Fraktale Doppel-Boom-Zyklen und Querschnittstechnologien: Theorie, Empirie und Politikimplikationen am Beispiel der Nanotechnologie (2021)
    KIT Scientific Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In a majority of knowledge-intensive technologies, empirical studies show characteristic double boom patterns of research activities. After an initial increase of efforts, research activities drop, only to rise again after a certain period. As a reason for this interim weakening the literature presumes a temporary disillusionment among economic actors. The present work questions this assumption. Instead, it is argued that a general purpose technology is replacing its techno-economic predecessor.
    Keywords: HF5001-6182 ; Innovation ; Growth ; Querschnittstechnologie ; Wachstum ; NanotechnologieGeneral Purpose Technologies ; Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJC Business strategy
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    Tracking Rural Change (2021)
    ANU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: A key, intensifying change affecting rural areas in the last few decades has been a decline in the proportion of national populations whose principal livelihood is farming. The corresponding re-distribution of population has typically resulted in a net population loss to rural areas, and diversification of rural activity. The corporatization and technological modification of food production has prompted new policy challenges, and has bound rural and urban populations together in new relationships articulated in moral discourses of custodianship, food safety, and sustainability. Contributors to this volume came together in the attempt to stimulate collective insight into trends of rural change in Australia, New Zealand and Europe. The first two countries have been characterised by avowedly `neoliberal’ rural policy – with considerable departures from it in practice; Europe, on the other hand, by a mix of policy measures which attempt to integrate land management and sustainability, diversification and maintenance of a competitive farming sector within an overarching policy framework more overtly, though only partially, oriented towards sustaining rural society. Aiming to build on research relating to the character of rural transitions, this volume offers substantive and critical contributions to the understanding of the sources of unpredictability, instability, and continuity, that underpin rural transition. The papers explore changes and continuities in policy, the governance of rural spaces, technological developments relating to rural areas and populations, and social forms of subjectivation and participation in increasingly diverse rural settings.
    Keywords: australia ; community ; policy ; technology ; development ; rural change ; new zealand ; europe ; Agrarianism ; Nanotechnology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSF Rural communities ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RG Geography::RGC Human geography::RGCP Political geography
    Language: English
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    Nanoelectronics and Materials Development (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The current edited book presents some of the most advanced research findings in the field of nanotechnology and its application in materials development in a very concise form. The main focus of the book is dragged toward those materials where electronic properties are manipulated for development of advanced materials. We have discussed about the extensive usage of nanotechnology and its impact on various facets of the chip-making practice from materials to devices such as basic memory, quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, graphene-like 2D materials, and CIGS thin-film solar cells as energy-harvesting devices. Researchers as well as students can gain valuable insights into the different processing of nanomaterials, characterization procedures of the materials in nanoscale, and their different functional properties and applications.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    Materials Science and Technology (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Materials are important to mankind because of the benefits that can be derived from the manipulation of their properties, for example electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, magnetization, optical transmittance, strength and toughness. Materials science is a broad field and can be considered to be an interdisciplinary area. Included within it are the studies of the structure and properties of any material, the creation of new types of materials, and the manipulation of a material's properties to suit the needs of a specific application. The contributors of the chapters in this book have various areas of expertise. therefore this book is interdisciplinary and is written for readers with backgrounds in physical science. The book consists of fourteen chapters that have been divided into four sections. Section one includes five chapters on advanced materials and processing. Section two includes two chapters on bio-materials which deal with the preparation and modification of new types of bio-materials. Section three consists of three chapters on nanomaterials, specifically the study of carbon nanotubes, nano-machining, and nanoparticles. Section four includes four chapters on optical materials.
    Keywords: Nanotechnology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues::TBN Nanotechnology
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    The role of aggregators in facilitating industrial demand response : evidence from Germany (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-07
    Description: Industrial demand response can play an important part in balancing the intermittent production from a growing share of renewable energies in electricity markets. This paper analyses the role of aggregators - intermediaries between participants and power markets - in facilitating industrial demand response. Based on the results from semi-structured interviews with German demand response aggregators, as well as a wider stakeholder online survey, we examine the role of aggregators in overcoming barriers to industrial demand response. We find that a central role for aggregators is to raise awareness for the potentials of demand response, as well as to support implementation by engaging key actors in industrial companies. Moreover, we develop a taxonomy that helps analyse how the different functional roles of aggregators create economic value. We find that there is considerable heterogeneity in the kind of services that aggregators offer, many of which do create significant economic value. However, some of the functional roles that aggregators currently fill may become obsolete once market barriers to demand response are reduced or knowledge on demand response becomes more diffused.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    An integrated climate-industrial policy as the core of the European green deal (2020)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: The European Union (EU) has established that the goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050 as a key driver of innovation and growth for industry and the economy in the EU. In addition to offering great opportunities, this also poses considerable challenges for the European economy and, for the most part, for basic industries, which are particularly emission-intensive and face strong international competition. An integrated climate and industry strategy is of central importance to protecting the climate, since the production of steel, cement, basic chemicals, glass, paper, and other materials in the EU and worldwide accounts for roughly one fifth of total greenhouse gas emissions. Even in a greenhouse gas-neutral future, we will not be able to fully eliminate our need for these materials. At the same time, it is particularly challenging to produce these materials without creating emissions given the state of technology and the necessary infrastructures. This applies above all to the question of how large amounts of green energy, including electricity and hydrogen, can be produced at competitive prices. Analyses show that despite the considerable costs involved in process changeover, the costs of transforming the raw materials industry are acceptable to society as a whole, given that the additional costs usually only increase the price of the end products by a few percentage points. However, in the case of crude steel or cement, the price would increase by between one third and 100 per cent. Since almost all raw materials manufacturers face strong global market competition, in most cases they are not able to bankroll the investments in climate-neutral production and the required energy infrastructure without outside support. This paper outlines an integrated climate industrial policy package that allows the EU to utilise its existing technological leadership in many of these industries to build a greenhouse gas-neutral raw materials industry.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Surviving the energy transition : development of a proposal for evaluating sustainable business models for incumbents in Germany's electricity market (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: In the light of Germany's chosen path towards the energy transition, the regulatory framework has changed considerably. New players have succeeded in entering the market, and renewable energies have become increasingly competitive. Greater electrification of the transport and heating sectors will be needed in the future to achieve national climate targets. Against this background, Germany's big energy companies need to be sure that their sales will increase. However, they were unable to anticipate this development, and made strategic mistakes in the past. The development of sustainable business models in line with the energy transition failed to materialize. Now it is becoming increasingly clear that companies must create new business models to survive in the long term. These business models have to keep with the tradition, whilst meeting the needs of low-carbon power supplies. In this paper, we will examine the past and future challenges of the four energy companies and develop a proposal for evaluating sustainable business models. For this purpose, we use the multi-level perspective to categorize developments in the electricity market over the last 50 years, and then apply a multi-criteria analysis to derive five suitable business models from the results.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Effectiveness and efficiency of food-waste prevention policies, circular economy, and food industry (2020)
    London : Academic Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Topology, typology, and dynamics of commons-based peer production : on platforms, actors, and innovation in the maker movement (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-18
    Description: In this paper, we aim to present a comprehensive analysis on the emerging phenomenon of distributed innovation in commons-based peer production (CBPP) platforms. Starting with the exploration of the widely held belief on value-creation confined to industrial settings, we raise several questions regarding the feasibility of, and a need for, an inclusive innovation process that can tap grassroots capacity into both traditional (industrial research and development) and emerging (peer-to-peer) innovation models to yield sustainable solutions. In particular, we explore the emergence and structuration of digital innovations in the maker movement, as it presents an alternative construct of innovation wherein access to and sharing of knowledge is predominantly distributed. With innovation outcomes often freely revealed, its very structuration could pose a principal challenge to our conceptualizations of value creation and competitive advantage in the current economic model. Drawing from responses received from 200 collaborative innovation platforms, six semi‐structured interviews focusing on socio-technical innovation cases, as well as four in-depth narrative interviews with maker turned entrepreneurs, we present a detailed analysis on the topology of network, typology of actors, as well as the underlying innovation ecosystem in CBPP networks in Germany. In doing so, we contribute to the conceptualization of peer-to-peer distributed innovations in collaborative platforms.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Prevention of plastic waste in production and consumption by multi-actor partnerships (2020)
    Bonn : PREVENT Waste Alliance
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The study sheds light on the background of the prevention of plastic waste from packaging and disposable products by explaining the need for action, the environmental impacts and risks to human health. Experiences of the members of the PREVENT Waste Alliance and their partners in the prevention of plastic waste by multi-actor partnerships are presented by means of 17 best practice examples. Finally, the study gives recommendations for the reduction of plastic waste and the further work of the PREVENT Waste Alliance. These include success factors for waste prevention, necessary next steps and conclusions regarding the necessary political framework conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Status and development prospects of IRP/LCP activities in Germany (2019)
    Bochum : Ponte Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-07
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    The evolution of industry 4.0 and its impact on the knowledge base for the circular economy (2019)
    Jakarta : Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    Managing the transition to industry 4.0 through multilevel governance systems (2019)
    Jakarta : Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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    What role do transaction costs play in energy efficiency improvements and how can they be reduced? (2019)
    Stockholm : European Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Ex-ante policy evaluation requires a detailed understanding of how the subjects addressed by the policy react to its implementation. In the context of energy efficiency, policy measures typically aim at influencing investment decisions towards more efficient options. As has been discussed widely in the context of the "energy efficiency gap", investments in energy efficiency improvements are frequently not conducted even though they seem cost-effective from a simple cost-benefit perspective, where transaction costs have been identified as one important barrier. While transaction costs have been discussed widely from a conceptional perspective, empirical studies quantifying transaction costs and measures to reduce them are rare. This paper presents approaches, results and insights from a recently completed research project funded by the German Federal Energy Efficiency Center (BfEE), addressing transaction costs in various energy efficiency measures and the role of energy efficiency services to overcome the barrier. We analyse a set of 11 energy efficiency investments covering private households, public institutions and the industry sector. We gather data on direct investment costs and energy cost savings and provide a detailed analysis of the various barriers and transaction costs associated with the implementation. We then analyse the costs of existing energy efficiency services using data provided by the BfEE. We compare the different cost elements and analyze the potential of energy efficiency services to reduce transaction costs. We find that the role of transaction costs differs substantially between households, public institutions and companies and that the impact of energy efficiency services on transaction costs needs to be evaluated using different methodological approaches. We conclude that while data availability on disaggregated transaction costs is a major challenge, energy services can reduce transaction costs considerably.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Research study on holistic indicators for waste prevention (2019)
    Brussels : Zero Waste Europe
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Because prevention is closely linked to complex consumption patterns, even cultural changes, such as increasing environmental awareness, changes in the average size of households or changes in the industrial structure of an economy, are relevant factors for the interpretation of changes in the generation of waste - it is more or less impossible to isolate the effect of specific waste prevention measures in this complex system. This must be considered, in particular, in international comparisons of policies and their potential transferability. The guidelines of the European Commission on waste prevention also point to the particular problem of data availability in the area of prevention: as waste statistics focus mainly on the treatment and fate of wastes, they are often of limited value for prevention of waste because they don't give sufficient information about their origins or reasons for their generation. Against this background, this report has the following objectives: Chapter 2 discusses strengths and weaknesses of typical waste-based prevention indicators; Chapter 3 analyses possible indicators that consider an upstream perspective and take into account the ecological rucksacks of products and components that have become waste; Chapter 4 focuses on specific product groups that could be targeted by waste prevention indicators. In general, the report describes the complexity of measuring waste prevention and outlines pros and cons of possible approaches. The final chapter aims to draw rather pragmatic conclusions on possibly most preferable options for future policy-making.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    On nanoscale metallic iron for groundwater remediation. (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Keywords: Adsorption; Co-precipitation, Nanoscale iron; Reduction; Zerovalent iron ; 551 ; Environmental Remediation ; Iron ; Nanotechnology ; Water Pollutants
    Language: English , English
    Type: article , submittedVersion
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    Assessing the impacts of EU regulatory barriers on innovation : final report (2018)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the Europ. Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-07
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The digital circular economy : can the digital transformation pave the way for resource-efficient materials cycles? (2018)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Description: Germany's waste management system is one of the world's most advanced - its primary objective is to dispose of waste in a way that is safe for both people and the environ- ment. However, only about 14 per cent of the raw materials used in industry are derived from recycling processes; the remainder are still sourced from primary materials. The circular economy is not yet being implemented on a large enough scale. Recyclates or recycled materials, i.e. secondary raw materials recovered from waste, are being fed back into production and usage processes at volumes that are far below what is possible. If this system were to be improved, loss of value, dependence on volatile commodity markets, lower resource productivity, and externalities in the form of environmental pollution could be avoided. A drive towards digitalisation in industry and the waste management sector could make this happen. A study by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety (BMUB) indicates that no other lead market in the environmental sector stands to benefit from digitalisation more than the circular economy - and that, at the same time, no sector has ever been so poorly positioned.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    The National Top Runner Initiative (NTRI) in Germany : retailers as gatekeepers between manufacturers and consumers ; how to address retailers to promote energy efficient appliances (2018)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the Europ. Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: In addition to the expansion of renewable energies, the efficient use of energy is crucial in order to ensure energy transition successful. The Federal Government of Germany has therefore set itself clear objectives with the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NAPE), which aims to reduce the primary energy consumption in Germany - compared to 2008 levels - by 20 per cent until 2020, and by 50 per cent until 2050. In addition, greenhouse gas emissions should fall by 40 per cent compared to 1990. To reach this goal, the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi) inter alia launched the "National Top Runner Initiative (NTRI)" in January 2016. It is an important component and concerns private homes, as well as industry, retail and services. The NTRI is intended to bring energy efficient and high-quality appliances (so called Top Runners) onto the market more quickly, thus accelerate market replacement. For this purpose, motivation, knowledge and competence in product-related energy efficiency is to be strengthened and expanded along the whole value chain - from the appliance manufacturer to the retailer and the consumer. Manufacturers are pushed to develop more efficient products and consumers get valuable information about Top-Runner products and how they can benefit. In this context, retailers are especially relevant as they act as "gatekeeper" between manufacturers and consumers. They play a key role in advancing an energy efficient production and consumption. They do not only select the products but they also have a direct contact to consumers and influence the purchase decision. In this paper, special emphasis will be put on the role of retailers and the efforts of the National Top Runner Initiative will be illustrated. Barriers and incentives to motivate this target group will be elaborated.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Digital platforms as market places for the circular economy : requirements and challenges (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Digital platforms may yield a host of advantages in putting circular economy into effect. This paper analyses the related chances and discusses requirements of digital platforms for the realization of a circular economy. It specifically points to potential solutions offered by digital platforms for existing barriers. From there it identifies issues that need specific attendance to create economically and ecologically functional platforms. Three economically relevant perspectives are discussed for this: a management perspective, a legislative perspective and a social/systems perspective.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 75
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    Proceedings of the Scientific-Practical Conference "Research and Development - 2016" (2018)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Materials science ; Life sciences ; Transportation engineering ; Traffic engineering ; Environment ; Nanotechnology ; Materials Science ; Nanotechnology ; Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering ; Environment, general ; Life Sciences, general
    Description / Table of Contents: Multimodal Control System of Active Lower Limb Exoskeleton with Feedback --- Investigation and Development of Methods for Improving Robustness of Automatic Speech Recognition Algorithms in Complex Acoustic Environments --- Smart Endoscope—Firmware Complex for Real-Time Analysis and Recognition of Endoscopic Videos --- The Development of Constructive-Technological Decisions on Creation of a Family of Microelectronic Elements on the «Silicon on Insulator» (SOI) Structures to Provide the Ability to Create Sensors of External Influences of a Various Functional Purpose --- Thermopile IR Sensor Arrays --- Development Signal Processing Integrated Circuit for Position Sensors with High Resolution --- Brain-Controlled Biometric Signals Employed to Operate External Technical Devices --- Improving Talent Management with Automated Competence Assessment: Research Summary
    Pages: Online-Ressource (XVII, 730 pages) , 311 illustrations, 187 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319628707
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-62870-7
    Language: English
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    Nanoinformatics (2018)
    Singapore : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Materials science ; Spectroscopy ; Chemistry, Physical and theoretical ; Nanoscale science ; Nanoscience ; Nanostructures ; Microscopy ; Nanotechnology ; Materials Science ; Nanotechnology ; Theoretical and Computational Chemistry ; Nanoscale Science and Technology ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Spectroscopy/Spectrometry ; Spectroscopy and Microscopy
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. Descriptors for Machine Learning of Materials Data --- 2. Potential Energy Surface Mapping of Charge Carriers in Ionic Conductors Based on a Gaussian Process Model --- 3. Machine learning predictions of factors affecting the activity of heterogeneous metal catalysts --- 4. Machine Learning-based Experimental Design in Materials Science --- 5. Persistent homology and materials informatics --- 6. Polyhedron and Polychoron codes for describing Atomic Arrangements --- 7. Topological Data Analysis for the Characterization of Atomic Scale Morphology from Atom Probe Tomography Images --- 8. Atomic-scale nanostructures by advanced electron microscopy and informatics --- 9. High spatial resolution hyperspectral imaging with machine-learning techniques --- 10. Fabrication, Characterization, and Modulation of Functional Nanolayers --- 11. Grain Boundary Engineering of Alumina Ceramics --- 12. Structural relaxation of oxide compounds from the high-pressure phase.-13.Synthesis and structures of novel solid-state electrolytes
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 298 pages) , 188 illustrations, 142 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9789811076176
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-981-10-7617-6
    Language: English
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    The social costs of electricity generation : categorising different types of costs and evaluating their respective relevance (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-06
    Description: Various electricity generation technologies using different primary energy sources are available. Many published studies compare the costs of these technologies. However, most of those studies only consider plant-level costs and do not fully take into account additional costs that societies may face in using these technologies. This article reviews the literature on the costs of electricity generation technologies, aiming to determine which types of costs are relevant from a societal point of view when comparing generation technologies. The paper categorises the relevant types of costs, differentiating between plant-level, system and external costs as the main categories. It discusses the relevance of each type of cost for each generation technology. The findings suggest that several low-carbon electricity generation technologies exhibit lower social costs per kWh than the currently dominant technologies using fossil fuels. More generally, the findings emphasise the importance of taking not only plant-level costs, but also system and external costs, into account when comparing electricity generation technologies from a societal point of view. The article intends to inform both policymakers and energy system modellers, the latter who may strive to include all relevant types of costs in their models.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Remunicipalisation and foundation of municipal utilities in the German energy sector : details about newly established enterprises (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-30
    Description: Since the majority of network concession contracts in Germany were set to expire some time between 2005 and 2016, a window of opportunity arose in which to rebuild and remunicipalise the local energy supply. As a result, 72 new local power companies were established in Germany within the space of just seven years (between early 2005 and late 2012). This paper provides an introduction to the topic of establishing municipal utilities in Germany. The findings were identified on the basis of the comprehensive screening of all newly established municipal utilities in Germany. Our analysis provides information about regional concentration, the size of municipalities, the legal forms of the newly founded municipal public utilities and the role of strategic partnerships. The key findings are that remunicipalisation is not a question of size and that knowledge gaps may be closed by entering into close strategic partnerships.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Selling solar services as a contribution to a circular economy (2016)
    Brussels : Joint Inst. for Innovation Policy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Germany on the road to a circular economy? (2016)
    Bonn : Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    A review of factors influencing the cost development of electricity generation technologies (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: This article reviews the literature on the past cost dynamics of various renewable, fossil fuel and nuclear electricity generation technologies. It identifies 10 different factors which have played key roles in influencing past cost developments according to the literature. These 10 factors are: deployment-induced learning, research, development and demonstration (RD&D)-induced learning, knowledge spillovers from other technologies, upsizing, economies of manufacturing scale, economies of project scale, changes in material and labour costs, changes in fuel costs, regulatory changes, and limits to the availability of suitable sites. The article summarises the relevant literature findings for each of these 10 factors and provides an overview indicating which factors have impacted on which generation technologies. The article also discusses the insights gained from the review for a better understanding of possible future cost developments of electricity generation technologies. Finally, future research needs, which may support a better understanding of past and future cost developments, are identified.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Integrating resource efficiency in business strategies : a mixed-method approach for environmental life cycle assessment in the single-serve coffee value chain (2016)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: Businesses are under increasing pressure to improve the resource efficiency of their products and services. There is a need for practical tools that enable businesses to implement resource efficiency in their value chains. In this paper, a mixed-method approach for assessing the life-cycle-wide use of natural resources in products and services is applied in a case study on a coffee value chain of the company Mars Incorporated. Material inputs along the entire chain were assessed quantitatively using the Material Input Per unit of Service method, while a semi-quantitative Hot Spot Analysis was performed to identify environmental hot spots. This mixed-method approach has been implemented for the first time in practice to assess the value-chain-wide resource consumption and environmental impacts within a specific value chain of Mars Incorporated. The paper concludes that combining the methods provides better insights into the value chain than using just one of either of the methods alone. For the company, the approach has proven to be practicable because it identifies improvement options and their value-chain-wide resource efficiency potential.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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    Reforming the EU VAT system to support the transition to a low-carbon and resource efficient economy (2016)
    Cheltenham : Elgar
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This chapter discusses the question of ecologically differentiated value added taxes (VAT) as a tool to overcome tax-related cognitive barriers by connecting to an existing tax system. This is elaborated along several aspects: (a) The role indirect of consumption taxes for the economy, (b) the legal issues of the VAT system, (c) the EU harmonization efforts in this context, (d) the distributional implications of value added taxes. Following this, the chapter develops a proposal for a VAT reform (e). To this end, it looks at potential and existing differentiations between sectors, products and services, and product and service groups and turns to those consumption areas that are widely identified as particularly resource and carbon intensive and sets out how a harmonization of the overall system and an ecological differentiation in single consumption areas could be brought together. Potential impacts and effects are briefly discussed (f) and some conclusions are drawn (g). The subject addressed in the chapter is relevant from a policy perspective but mainly descriptive: It does not use innovative qualitative and quantitative tools.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Carbon as investment risk : the influence of fossil fuel divestment on decision making at Germany's main power providers (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: German electricity giants have recently taken high-level decisions to remove selected fossil fuel operations from their company portfolio. This new corporate strategy could be seen as a direct response to the growing global influence of the fossil fuel divestment campaign. In this paper we ask whether the divestment movement currently exerts significant influence on decision-making at the top four German energy giants - E.On, RWE, Vattenfall and EnBW. We find that this is not yet the case. After describing the trajectory of the global fossil fuel divestment campaign, we outline four alternative influences on corporate strategy that, currently, are having a greater impact than the divestment movement on Germany's power sector. In time, however, clear political decisions and strong civil support may increase the significance of climate change concerns in the strategic management of the German electricity giants.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Industry (2015)
    Cambridge : Cambridge Univ. Press
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    Publication Date: 2019-04-01
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Waste prevention in Europe : the status in 2013 (2015)
    Luxembourg : Publications Office of the Europ. Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-04
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 87
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    Towards the circular economy : waste contracting (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-07
    Description: The transition towards a circular economy is high on the political agenda and support for innovative business models can be seen as one of the key strategies for its implementation. Nevertheless most of these business models rely on an increasing generation of waste and thus undermine the prevention of waste as top of the waste hierarchy. The paper aims to link this debate to more systemic eco-innovations that offer economic market potentials by reduced material inputs and waste generation. This directs the attention to sufficiency strategies that surpass the level of individual consumer choices and regards the potentials of entrepreneurial sufficiency strategies. It takes the example of waste contracting modelsin Germany as a possible approach of resource-light business models that provide existing utility aspects with altered consumption patterns and decreased resource consumption. It describes environmental and economic benefits and draws conclusions on necessary policy framework conditions.
    Keywords: ddc:330
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  • 88
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    Decoupling economic growth from resource consumption : a transformation strategy with manifold socio-economic benefits for India and Germany (2015)
    Berlin : Dt. Ges. für Internat. Zusammenarbeit
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Calculating and operationalising the multiple benefits of energy efficiency in Europe : description of end-use energy efficiency improvement actions in the residential, tertiary, transport and industry sectors ; D2.2 report (2015)
    Antwerp : Univ. of Antwerp
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 90
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    Recreate : D4.1 evidence-based narratives ; circular economy through a systemic approach to eco-innovation (2015)
    Brussels : Joint Inst. for Innovation Policy
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    Publication Date: 2020-06-29
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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  • 91
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    Energy efficiency services for residential buildings : market situation and existing potentials in the European Union (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-21
    Description: Although a substantial economic energy saving potential exists in the residential sector of the European Union, the energy efficiency service (EES) market is much less developed in this market segment than in other demand sectors (e.g. the industry or the public/service sector). This paper presents an analysis of the current situation and existing potentials for future expansion. A specific analysis methodology has been developed and applied by a research consortium in 18 EU countries. This methodology has mostly built upon an extensive review of the existing literature and on interviews of a large number of acknowledged experts. Its application has allowed identifying encouraging development trends in specific market segments where the possibility of aggregating the EES demand or of exploiting good relationships with customers have created interesting investment opportunities. These trends have been observed in particular in Germany, Denmark, France, Flanders (BE), Hungary, Romania and UK. The assessment performed has also allowed discussing a series of strategies and policy measures that can be adopted to overcome existing barriers to market development. The general conclusion drawn in the paper is that energy efficiency policies supporting EES markets in the residential sector are highly needed. Although EU policies have typically a limited direct impact, they can increase trust into EESs and EES providers. At the national level, a stronger collaboration of governments or local administrations with banks to finance EESs is still very necessary in many EU countries.
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  • 92
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    Calculating and operationalising the multiple benefits of energy efficiency in Europe : WP4: Resources ; literature review on resource benefits ; D4.1 report (2015)
    Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
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    Household-level transition methodology towards sustainable material footprints (2015)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: This paper presents a new household-level methodology for transition towards sustainability. The methodology includes measuring the resource use of households on a micro level, testing relevant measures towards a one-planet resource use, and developing mainstreaming options in co-operation with households and providers of services, products, and infrastructures. We use the MIPS (Material Input Per unit of Service) method to calculate the use of natural resources and concentrate on the material footprint as an aggregated indicator for the overall use of material resources. With HST (Household-level Sustainability Transition) methodology, we extend the material footprint methodology from just measuring household resource use to developing visions, conducting experiments, as well as learning and upscaling, all of which contribute to the whole Transition-Enabling Cycle. Results from the first application of the HST methodology on five households in Jyväskylä, Finland, show that it is possible to achieve a significantly more sustainable level of consumption by a relatively few changes in everyday living. Achieving a one-planet use of material resources, however, also requires systemic changes.
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    The changing utility industry and opportunities to improve energy efficiency : insights from the U.S., Germany and Australia (2015)
    Stockholm : Europ. Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-18
    Description: The electric utility sector in Australia, Germany and the U.S. are all going through major changes driven by declining sales, increasing use of distributed energy sources and policy responses to global climate change. This paper discusses efforts in each of these countries to reform their electric industries, address climate change and promote energy efficiency. Going forward, we see a role for government, utilities and private market energy efficiency efforts in all three countries, although the emphasis will vary by country and will evolve over time. Where all three parties can work together with a common vision, reform efforts are likely to be more successful and more sustained. In all three countries the future is uncertain. In the face of this uncertainty, energy efficiency supporters need to keep abreast of these changes, and find more flexible and nimble policy strategies for energy efficiency to prosper, as the future is likely to unfold in unexpected ways.
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    Science and Technology Governance and Ethics : A Global Perspective from Europe, India and China (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Food ; Biotechnology ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Nanotechnology ; Economics ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Ethics ; Food Science ; Nanotechnology ; Biotechnology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction: Embedding Ethics in Science and Technology Policy – A Global Perspective --- Chapter 2 Institutionalizing Ethical Debates in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: A Comparison of Europe, India and China.-Chapter 3 Public Perceptions of Science and Technology in Europe, China and India --- Chapter 4 Public Engagement in the Governance of Science and Technology --- Chapter 5 Science and Technology Governance and European Values --- Chapter 6 The Values Demonstrated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China --- Chapter 7 Science and Technology for Socio-Economic Development and Quest for Inclusive Growth: Emerging Evidence from India --- Chapter 8 A Comparative Framework for Studying Global Ethics in Science and Technology --- Chapter 9 New Food Technologies in Europe, India and China --- Chapter 10 Discourses on Nanotechnology in Europe, China and India --- Chapter 11 Discourses on Synthetic Biology in Europe, India and China --- Chapter 12 Conclusions: Incorporating Ethics into Science and Technology Policy
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 173 pages) , 15 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319146935
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-14693-5
    Language: English
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  • 96
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    Science and Technology Governance and Ethics : A Global Perspective from Europe, India and China (2015)
    Cham : Springer
    Details
    Keywords: Biotechnology ; Food ; Biotechnology ; Ethics ; Economic policy ; Nanotechnology ; Economics ; R & D/Technology Policy ; Ethics ; Food Science ; Nanotechnology ; Biotechnology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1 Introduction: Embedding Ethics in Science and Technology Policy – A Global Perspective --- Chapter 2 Institutionalizing Ethical Debates in Science, Technology and Innovation Policy: A Comparison of Europe, India and China.-Chapter 3 Public Perceptions of Science and Technology in Europe, China and India --- Chapter 4 Public Engagement in the Governance of Science and Technology --- Chapter 5 Science and Technology Governance and European Values --- Chapter 6 The Values Demonstrated in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China --- Chapter 7 Science and Technology for Socio-Economic Development and Quest for Inclusive Growth: Emerging Evidence from India --- Chapter 8 A Comparative Framework for Studying Global Ethics in Science and Technology --- Chapter 9 New Food Technologies in Europe, India and China --- Chapter 10 Discourses on Nanotechnology in Europe, China and India --- Chapter 11 Discourses on Synthetic Biology in Europe, India and China --- Chapter 12 Conclusions: Incorporating Ethics into Science and Technology Policy
    Pages: Online-Ressource (VIII, 173 pages) , 15 illustrations in color
    ISBN: 9783319146935
    URL: https://link.springer.com/openurl?genre=book&isbn=978-3-319-14693-5
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 97
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    An ex-ante evaluation of the economy-wide benefits of the Thai energy efficiency action plan (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-06
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: conferenceobject , doc-type:conferenceObject
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  • 98
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    Resource use in the production and consumption system : the MIPS approach (2014)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-23
    Description: The concept Material Input per Service Unit (MIPS) was developed 20 years ago as a measure for the overall natural resource use of products and services. The material intensity analysis is used to calculate the material footprint of any economic activities in production and consumption. Environmental assessment has developed extensive databases for life cycle inventories, which can additionally be adopted for material intensity analysis. Based on practical experience in measuring material footprints on the micro level, this paper presents the current state of research and methodology development: it shows the international discussions on the importance of accounting methodologies to measure progress in resource efficiency. The MIPS approach is presented and its micro level application for assessing value chains, supporting business management, and operationalizing sustainability strategies is discussed. Linkages to output-oriented Life Cycle Assessment as well as to Material Flow Analysis (MFA) at the macro level are pointed out. Finally we come to the conclusion that the MIPS approach provides relevant knowledge on resource and energy input at the micro level for fact-based decision-making in science, policy, business, and consumption.
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: article , doc-type:article
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  • 99
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    Business model resilience in the context of corporate sustainability transformation (2014)
    Linköping : Greening of Industry Network
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
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  • 100
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    Development patterns of material productivity : convergence or divergence? (2014)
    Cham : Springer | Wuppertal : Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: Increasing concerns regarding the world's natural resources and sustainability continue to be a major issue for global development. As a result several political initiatives and strategies for green or resource-efficient growth both on national and international levels have been proposed. A core element of these initiatives is the promotion of an increase of resource or material productivity. This dissertation examines material productivity developments in the OECD and BRICS countries between 1980 and 2008. By applying the concept of convergence stemming from economic growth theory to material productivity the analysis provides insights into both aspects: material productivity developments in general as well as potentials for accelerated improvements in material productivity which consequently may allow a reduction of material use globally.The results of the convergence analysis underline the importance of policy-making with regard to technology and innovation policy enabling the production of resource-efficient products and services as well as technology transfer and diffusion.​
    Keywords: ddc:330
    Repository Name: Wuppertal Institut für Klima, Umwelt, Energie
    Language: English
    Type: doctoralthesis , doc-type:doctoralThesis
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