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  • Molecular Cell Biology  (736)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (736)
  • 1980-1984  (221)
  • 1975-1979  (515)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (736)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150101
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interaction of serum and cell spreading affects the growth of neoplastic and non-neoplastic fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: serum ; neoplastic ; non-neoplastic ; growth ; cell area ; cell spreading ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Both growth factor availability and cell-to-cell contact have been mechanisms used to explain cell growth regulation at high cell density. Recently Folkman and colleagues have shown that changes in cell shape, rather than cell-to-cell contact, can regulate the growth of fibroblasts. However, in those studies the relation between serum and shape regulation of growth was not studied, nor were neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells compared. In this report we have studied these aspects by varying cell spreading and serum concentration independently for 2 non-neoplastic and 3 neoplastic cell lines. Cell spreading (projected cell area) was controlled by decreasing the adhesiveness of tissue culture plastic plates with poly (hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly (HEMA)]. Cell growth was measured as the increase in cell number/day. We have found that more spreading increased net growth of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, while less spreading (toward rounded configuration) depressed growth. There were also quantitative differences between neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells. Neoplastic cells continued to grow under conditions of cell rounding, which completely prevented the growth of their non-neoplastic counterparts. Some neoplastic cells also tended to show little or no increase in net cell number for serum concentrations above 10% as cells became more spread; in contrast, all non-neoplastic cells grew more with increasing concentrations of serum as they became well spread. Thus, in normal cells, it appears that the sensitivity of cells to humoral factors is governed by cell spreading. This interaction between serum and cell shape is less prominent in some neoplastic cells.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150104
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of guanine nucleotides on cns neuropeptide receptors (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: bombesin receptors ; guanine nucleotides ; neuropeptide receptors ; vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of nucleotides on central nervous system neuropeptide receptor binding was investigated. The guanine nucleotides, guanosine-5′-triphosphate and guanylyl-5′-imidodiphosphate, significantly inhibited the binding of radiolabeled vasoactive intestinal polypeptide but not that of [Tyr4]bombesin to rat brain membranes. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding was inhibited by guanine nucleotides in a dose-dependent manner. Using a 20 μM dose, 60% of the specific vasoactive intestinal polypeptide binding was inhibited by guanylyl-5′-imidodiphosphate, which was more potent than guanosine-5′-triphosphate, whereas other nucleotides were not effective. This reduction in binding was a consequence of lower affinity of the receptor for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, which in turn resulted from an increased rate of dissociation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150206
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and characterization of multiplication-stimulating activity (MSA) carrier protein (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 177-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: MSA ; somatomedin ; carrier protein ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The rat liver cell line, BRL-3A, is known to produce a family of polypeptides referred to as multiplication-stimulating-activity (MSA). Serum-free conditioned medium from this cell line is a rich source for the purification of these somatomedin-like molecules. Somatomedins in serum, as well as MSA produced by BRL-3A cells in culture, exist primarily as a high molecular weight complex bound to specific carrier proteins. This study describes the purification of the MSA carrier protein (MCP) from conditioned medium using affinity chromatographic procedures. The purified carrier protein is shown to specifically bind labeled MSA and generates a complex with an apparent molecular weight of 60,000-70,000 daltons. Characterization of the carrier protein indicates that it consists of two different noncovalently linked protein chains with apparent molecular weights of 30,000 and 31,500 daltons. The availability of a pure carrier protein should provide a unique opportunity to investigate the functional significance of the carrier protein in the biological activity of the somatomedins.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline on the precipitation of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing aggregates from collagen solution (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 219-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: collagen ; SLS ; phospholipid ; surfactant ; fibrillogenesis ; dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline ; electrostatic interactions ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC), the major phospholipid component of pulmonary surfactant, on the precipitation of collagen in the form of native fibrils and segment-long-spacing (SLS) aggregates was studied in vitro. The effects of DPPC on both phases of collagen fibrillogenesis were analyzed spectrophotometrically, and alterations in the morphology of precipitated fibrils and SLS aggregates were ascertained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Low concentrations of DPPC inhibited the growth phase of fibrillogenesis, while higher concentrations were required to inhibit nucleation. Both the meshwork density and mean width of precipitated fibrils were altered by DPPC, as was the size of SLS aggregates. Segment-long-spacing aggregates prepared from pepsin-treated collagen were inhibited to a greater degree than SLS aggregates prepared from untreated collagen, indicating that the pepsin-susceptible residues of the telopeptide extensions of tropocollagen molecules stabilize SLS aggregates against the effects of DPPC. Based on these results and the inhibition of the growth phase at lower concentrations than those which inhibited the nucleation phase of fibrillogenesis, it was concluded that the primary mechanism of DPPC inhibition is electrostatic interference between the positively charged phospholipid molecules and the net positive charge of collagen. It is proposed that pathological conditions involving the pulmonary epithelium may allow interaction between surfactant and collagen, which could further weaken the interstitial connective tissue.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transforming growth factors (TGFs): Properties and possible mechanisms of action (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 287-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: transforming growth factor ; sarcoma growth factor ; epidermal growth factor ; membrane receptor ; tumor promoter ; retinoid ; growth factors ; transformation ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Transforming growth factors (TGFs) are growth-promoting polypeptides that cause phenotypic transformation and anchorage-independent growth of normal cells. They have been isolated from several human and animal carcinoma and sarcoma cells. One TGF is sarcoma growth factor (SGF) which is released hy murine sarcoma virus-transformed cells. The TGFs interact with epidermal growth factor (EGF) cell membrane receptors. TGFs are not detectable in culture fluids from cells which contain high numbers of free EGF cell membrane receptors. SGF acts as a tumor promoter in cell culture systems and its effect on the transformed phenotype is blocked by retinoids (vitamin A and synthetic analogs). The production of TGFs by transformed cells and the responses of normal cells to the addition of TGFs to the culture medium raise the possibility that cells “autostimulate” their own growth by releasing factors that rebind at the cell surface. The term “autocrine secretion” has been proposed for this type of situation where a cell secretes a hormone-like substance for which it has external cell membrane receptors. The autocrine concept may provide a partial explanation for some aspects of tumor cell progression.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150306
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal antibody (M2) to glial and neuronal cell surfaces (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 335-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell surface antigen ; cerebellum ; development ; mouse ; indirect immunofluorescence ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A monoclonal antibody designated M2 arose from the fusion of mouse myeloma cells with splenocytes from a rat immunized with particulate fraction from early postnatal mouse cerebellum. Expression of M2 antigen was examined by indirect immunofluorescence on frozen sections of developing and adult mouse cerebellum and on monolayer cultures of early postnatal mouse cerebellar cells. In adult cerebellum, M2 staining outlines the cell bodies of granule and Purkinje cells. A weaker, more diffuse staining is seen in the molecular layer and white matter. In sections of newborn cerebellum, M2 antigen is weakly detectable surrounding cells of the external granular layer and Purkinje cells. The expression of M2 antigen increases during development in both cell types, reaching adult levels by postnatal day 14. At all stages of postnatal cerebellar development, granule cells that have completed migration to the internal granule layer are more heavily stained by M2 antibodies than are those before and in process of migration. In monolayer cultures, M2 antigen is detected on the cell surface Of all GFA protein-positive astrocytes and on more immature oligodendrocytes, that express 04 antigen but not 01 antigen. After 3 days in culture, tetanus toxinpositive neurons begin to express M2 antigen. The same delayed expression of M2 antigen on neurons is observed in cultures derived from mice ranging in age from postnatal day 0 to 10.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150404
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The repair of DNA damage: Recent developments and new insights (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 91-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA repair ; DNA glycosylases ; E coli ; AP endonucleases ; UV radiation ; alkylation damage ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This brief review presents the salient features of new developments in the enzymatic repair of base damage to DNA. DNA glycosylases and apurinic/ apyrimidinic (AP) endonucleases are reviewed and evidence is presented that in at least two prokaryote systems incision of UV-irradiated DNA occurs by the sequential action of these two classes of enzymes. In contradistinction, the uvrA, uvrB, and uvrC gene products of E coli appear to function as a multiprotein complex that catalyzes hydrolysis of phosphodiester bonds in damaged DNA directly. The inducible rapid repair of O6- methylguanine in E coli is also reviewed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of receptors for bioactive polypeptides: A variant of swiss/3T3 fibroblasts resistant to a cytotoxic insulin accumulates lysosome-like vesicles (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hormone receptors ; diphtheria toxin ; lysosomes ; hybrid proteins ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Recently we have isolated six variants of Swiss/3T3 mouse fibroblasts that are resistant to the cytotoxic insulin-diphtheria toxin A fragment. All of the variants proved to have greatly reduced or no insulin binding capacity, and several variants showed altered morphologies and growth characteristics. We now report on the further characterization of one of these variants, CI-3. which displays a massive accumulation of membranous vesicles in its cytoplasm. By electron microscopy these vesicles resemble lysosomes. They also appear to fluorcsce bright orange after treatment of viable cells with acridine orange. However, the specific activity of several lysosomal enzymes is depressed in CI-3. Additionally, there is an apparent shift in the density of vesicles containing lysosomal enzymes in this variant. These alterations may be directly related to CI-3′s resistance to the cytotoxic insulin and have some important bearings on the mechanism of insulin action.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ligatin binds phosphohexose residues on acidic hydrolases (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 139-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: ligatin ; phosphohexose ; acidic hydrolases ; membrane-bound receptor ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Ligatin, a receptor that recognizes phosphorylated sugars, was isolated from plasma membranes of mouse macrophages, rat ileum, and rat brain. Several acidic hydrolases including N-acetyl β-D-glucosaminidase (β-NAG) were solubilized with this receptor. The solubilized β-NAG bound to ligatin in vitro as demonstrated by affinity chromatography using the immobilized receptor. β-N-Acetyl D-glucosaminidase-ligatin complexes were dissociated by low concentrations of mannose 6-phosphate (Man6P) and/or glucose 1-phosphate (Glc 1P). The effectiveness of these two phosphomonosaccharides varied depending on the source of the enzyme: ileal β-NAG-ligatin complexes showed a four-fold preferential dissociation with Man6P; macrophage complexes showed a 160-fold preferential dissociation with Glc 1P. Brain complexes dissociated with nearly equal preference for Man6P and Glc 1P. Heterologous complexes displayed the specificity characteristic of the source of the enzyme regardless of the source of the ligatin. Treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with endoglucosaminidase H released phosphorous-32 label from these enzymes and prevented binding of β-NAG to ligatin. However, treatment of the solubilized hydrolases with alkaline phosphatase reduced the binding of β-NAG to ligatin by no more than 30%. This apparent resistance of β-NAG to dephosphorylation was consistent with the chromatographic behavior on QAE of 3H-labeled acidic oligosaccharides isolated from the solubilized hydrolases. The oligosaccharides that contain phosphorylated hexose were less acidic than phosphomonoesters and were insensitive to alkaline phosphatase until subjected to acid hydrolysis. These results suggested the presence of a phosphodiester on β-NAG analogous to the NAC glucosamine 1 P6 mannose present on β-glucuronidase isolated from mouse lymphoma cells (Tabas I, Kornfeld, S: J Biol Chem 255: 6633, 1980).
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160205
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The contribution of the calcium-dependent interaction of aggregation factor molecules to recognition: A system providing additional specificity forces? (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 179-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell recognition ; sponges ; aggregation factor ; species specificity ; proteoglycan ; extracellular matrix ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cells from the sponge Microciona prolifera display on their surfaces large but defined proteoglycan complexes (Microciona aggregation factor = MAF) that mediate species-specific cell aggregation by a process requiring high calcium ion concentrations. An analysis of MAF-MAF interactions based on binding studies of MAF to glutaraldehyde-fixed sponge cells and MAF-derivatized beads demonstrates that the requirement for high calcium concentrations can be overcome by extremely small amounts of certain polycations such as polybrene, polylysine, or histones. For measurements of the affinity of these substances to MAF, a method was adopted that partitions 125I-labeled MAF between dextran and polyethyleneglycol in an aqueous two-phase polymer system depending on the net charge of the complex formed.Since only polymers of positive charges affect binding and partitioning at low concentrations, large areas of interaction similar to those found in glycosaminoglycans are proposed for MAF. Through a multitude of appropriately spaced interaction sites, the rather weak selectivity of single charged sites could in such a system still provide strong enough specificities to explain species-specific cell sorting.The biological significance of naturally occurring polycations as well as extracellular calcium includes their role in cell recognition, sorting out as well as the ordered and continual streaming movements of groups of cells seen in the mesohyl of live sponges.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160208
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecules involved in cell-cell adhesion during development (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 259-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160306
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160401
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-strand breaks in DNA caused by repair of damage due to ultraviolet light (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 337-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: neutral filter elution ; human cells ; carcinogenesis ; excision repair ; DNA ; double-strand breaks ; S1 nuclease ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: DNA DSBs are formed in normal human IMR-90 cells during repair incubation after 100 and 300 J·m-2 of UVL. By contrast, no DSBs are formed after UVL in human XPA cells that are unable to excise pyrimidine dimers. The DSBs are not due to immediate cell death since all the cells excluded trypan blue at the time of assay and because XPA cells, which are much more UVL-sensitive than IMR-90, did not form DSBs after UVL. We suggest that these repair-induced DSBs should be potent lesions that might lead to cytotoxicity, chromosome aberrations, deletion mutations, and perhaps cellular transformation, transformation.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160404
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
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    Antigenic and genetic parameters in the stimulation and in the lytic phases of anti-hapten + self cytotoxic T cells and their derived clones: Role of the T helper cell (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 359-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: anti-hapten + self CTL ; T helper ; CTL clones ; (non)-responder strain ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Requirements for stimulation of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and for their lytic recognition have been compared in T cell lines repeatedly stimulated with trinitrobenzene sulfonate-treated syngeneic murine spleen cells. Differences were observed between the requirements for cells to stimulate or to be lysed by the CTL, which included: (a) the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC = H-2) encoded allelic products, and (b) the hapten density. Propagation of the CTL within the line required I-A intra-H-2 homology between hapten-treated stimulating cells and the line cells, whereas the lytic interaction required H-2K region homology between hapten-treated target cells and CTL. The hapten density requirement was analyzed for a responder (H-2k) and a non-responder (H-2b) strain to low hapten density modified syngeneic cells. This property was found to be a characteristic of the lytic phase rather than of the stimulation of CTL. CTL clones could be derived by growing the line cells under conditions of limiting dilution in the presence of T cell growth factors. Such CTL clones were unable to be stimulated by their target antigens and were dependent on T cell growth factors for their propagation. These results are discussed in terms of the dependence of the development and growth of CTL on T helper cells.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160406
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Aggregation of sponge cells: Immunological characterization of the species-specific geodia aggregation factor (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell aggregation ; aggregation factor ; sponges ; glycoproteins ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Antibodies were raised against the purified aggregation factor from Geodia cydonium in order to clarify its function during cell aggregation in the homologous and heterologous system. These antibodies inhibited only cell aggregation in the homologous Geodia system and were inactive in the heterologous Tethya lyncurium system. These findings directly indicated that the species-specific reaggregation of sponge cells was initiated by the soluble aggregation factor as already assumed in earlier studies. The amount of neutralizing antibodies was determined by a precipitation reaction with the antigen in capillaries and by microdiffusion. By using the latter technique we got evidence that the Geodia aggregation factor contained a component that was antigenetically related to a galactose-specific lectin present in Geodia cydonium.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170102
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  • 17
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    Association dynamics and lateral transport in biological membranes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: diffusion ; fluorescence photobleaching ; interactions with cytoskeleton ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A theoretical analysis is presented for the interrelated effects of lateral diffusion and a simple form of molecular association (A + B ⇌ C) in biological membranes. Expressions are derived for the characteristic functions measured in fluorescence redistribution after photobleaching experiments, corresponding to both the Fourier transform analysis of concentration in a plane and the normal mode analysis for a spherical surface. The results are related to the reputed binding of integral membrane proteins to submembranous cytoskeletal elements.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170107
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  • 18
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    Antigen-specific mouse lymphocyte stimulation by DNP-conjugated T-independent antigens studied by photobleaching recovery (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 37-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNP ; T-independent ; flagellin ; fluoresence photobleaching recovery ; stimulation ; photobleaching ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fluorescence photobleaching recovery techniques have allowed us to measure the lateral mobility of T-independent antigens bound to antigen-specific mouse B cells. The in vitro immunogenicity or tolerogenicity of antigens we have examined, DNP-polymerized flagellin (DNP-POL), and DNP-linear dextran (DNP-DEX), depend upon the antigen dose and epitope density. These factors also determine the mobility of antigen bound to B cell surfaces. For DNP-POL bound to DNP-specific cells, the observed diffusion constants D decrease monotonically with increasing antigen dose and epitope density. Values of D range from 10.4 × 10-11 cm2 sec-1 for DNP0.4-POL at 0.15 μg/ml to 0.8 × 10-11cm2 sec-1for DNP3.5-POL at 30 μg/ml. For receptor-bound DNP-DEX, D depends strongly on antigen epitope density but not observably on antigen concentration. For epitope densities of 1.2 or less, D is close to the value of 21 × 10-11cm2sec-1 observed for single slg receptors. By an epitope density of 4.8, D has fallen to 2.1 × 10-11cm2sec-1. Peak immunogenicities for DNP-POL and DNP-DEX arc observed when antigen- receptor aggregates have mobilities 14-fold and 3-fold lower, respectively, than a single slg molecule.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170105
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  • 19
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    The natural history of carcinogenesis: Implications of experimental carcinogenesis in the genesis of human cancer (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 133-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170204
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  • 20
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170301
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  • 21
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    Effects of multiple membranes on measurements of cell surface dynamics by fluorescence photobleaching (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 213-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: fluorescence photobleaching ; FPR ; multiple membranes ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Fluorescence photobleaching recovery curves on a pair of membranes at various separations were calculated from a detailed knowledge of the variation in relative illumination areas and intensities as well as in relative contributions to the collected intensity with membrane separation. The observed diffusion coefficients were found to be relatively insensitive to membrane separation in all cases. Only for membranes with very different mobilities are there significant differences in fractional recoveries. Systematic variations in fractional recoveries with cell thickness may be indicative of differential mobility in the apical and basal membranes.
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    Initiator and promoter induced specific changes in epidermal function and biological potential (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 245-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: tumor promotion ; carcinogenesis ; epidermal cells ; 12-0-teradecanolylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) ; terminal differentiation ; initiation ; transglutaminase ; ornithine decarboxylase ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Mouse epidermal basal cells can be selectively cultivated in medium with a calcium concentration of 0.02-0.09 mM. Terminal differentiation and slouching of mature kcratinocytes occur when the calcium concentration is increased to 1.2-1.4 mM. When basal cell cultures are exposed to chemical initiators of carcinogenesis, colonies of cells that resist calcium-induced differentiation evolve. Likewise, basal cells derived from mouse skin initiated in vivo yield foci that resist terminal differentiation. This defect in the commitment to terminal differentiation appears to be an essential change in initiated cells in skin and is also characteristic of malignant epidermal cells. This model system has also provided a means to determine if basal cells are more responsive to phorbol esters than other cells in epidermis and to explore the possibility that heterogeneity of response exists within subpopulations of basal cells. The induction of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) was used as a marker for responsiveness to phorbol esters. ODC induction after exposure to 12-0-tetradccanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in basal cells is enhanced 20-fold over the response of a culture population containing both differentiating and basal cells. When basal cells are induced to differentiate by increased calcium, responsiveness to TPA is lost within several hours. In basal cell cultures, two ODC responses can be distinguished. After exposure to low concentrations of TPA or to weak promoters of the phorbol ester series, ODC activity is maximal at 3 hr. With higher concentrations of TPA, the ODC maximum is at 9 hr. These results arc consistent with the presence of subpopulations of basal cells with differing sensitivities to TPA. Other studies that use the enzyme epidermal transglutaminase as a marker for differentiation support this conclusion. In basal cell culture TPA exposure rapidly increases transglutaminase activity and cornified envelope development, reflecting induced differentiation in some cells. As differentiated cells arc sloughed from the dish, the remaining basal cells proliferate and become resitant to induced differentiation by 1.2 m M calcium. These data provide additional evidence of basal cell heterogeneity in which TPA induces one subpopulation to differentiate while another is stimulated to proliferate and resists a differentiation signal. Tumor promoters, by their ability to produce heterogeneous responses with regard to terminal differentiation and proliferation, would cause redistribution of subpopulations of epidermal cells in skin. Cells that resist signals for terminal differentiation, such as initiated cell, would be expected to increase in number during remodeling. Clonal expansion of the intitiated population could result in a benign tumor with an altered program of differentiation. In skin, benign tumors are the principal product of 2-stage carcinogenesis. Subsequent progression to malignancy may involve an additional step, probably a genetic alteration, that is independent of the tumor promoter.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170306
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    Two chick embryonic adhesion systems: Molecular vs tissue specificity (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: limb bud ; Fab inhibition ; Ca++ dependence ; specificity ; trypsin sensitivity ; immunological analysis ; cell surface antigen ; cerebellum ; chick embryo ; retina ; heart ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated the adhesive properties of cells from several neural and nonneural chick embryonic tissues dissociated using modifications of the standard dissociation procedures employed routinely in this laboratory to obtain retinal cells. Each of these tissues (7-day optic tectum, retina, and heart, and 3.75-day hmb bud) displayed both Ca++-dependent (CD) and Ca++-independent (CI) aggregation, the relative rates of which differed from tissue to tissue In every case, cells prepared so as to display one mode of aggregation or the other cross-adhered readily to cells - regardless of tissue origin - displaying the same mode of aggregation. Cross adhesion was negligible between cells - even from the same tissue - prepared so as to display different modes of aggregation. Anti-retinal Fab molecules which inhibit selectively either the CI or CD aggregation of retina cells strongly inhibited the corresponding aggregation of optic tectum cells, but had no effect upon the aggregation (CI or CD) of heart cells. These results demonstrate the exis-tence in the tissues examined of dual adhesion mechanisms similar in Ca++ dependence and recognition properties to those of the retina, but showing certain immunological distinctions from the latter. The imrmunological relationship among the adhesion mechanisms from the various tissues is under continuing investigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160103
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    Glycoprotein differences among cells of the 14-day embryonic chick neural retina (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: retina ; glycoproteins ; surface label ; cell sorting ; embryonic ; neural cells ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: In order to test the hypothesis that the progressive layering and differentiation of cell types during the development of the neural retina are associated with cell surface alterations we have separated distinct cell populations from the 14-day embryonic chick retina. Cells of these populations have been shown to differ in associative behavior and intramembrane particle content. We now report that these cells differ in cell surface glycoproteins. Proteins were labeled with two different extrinsic labels and one metabolic label. We used enzymatic transfer of galactose from UDP-gal to cellular acceptors, and borotritide reduction after galactose oxidation as extrinsic labels. Glucosamine incorporation was used as the metabolic label. In all these cases, we were able to identify bands on electrophoretic gels which were unique to individual populations.
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    Fibronectin expression on the platelet surface occurs in concert with secretion (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 91-98 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: plarelets ; fibronectin ; hemostasis ; cell adhesion ; aggregation ; secretion ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Thrombin stimulation of human platelets causes increased cellular adhesiveness for other platelets (aggregation) and surfaces and increased surface expression of platelet fibronectin antigen. Aggregation occurs concurrently with secretion. In these studies, the threshold thrombin dose for surface expression of fibronectin, as measured by binding of F(ab′)2 antifibronectin, was similar to that for serotonin secretion. Moreover, both processes occurred at similar rates, and inhibition of secretion was associated with inhibition of antifibronectin binding. Thus a hypothesis is proposed in which adhesive proteins within platelet granules become expressed on the platelet surface as a direct consequence of the secretory process. This cluster of adhesive proteins may then contribute to increased cellular adhesiveness.
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    The synthesis of a proteinase inhibitor, α-1-antichymotrypsin, by human breast epithelial cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 69-77 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: human breast epithelia ; glycoproteins ; proteinase inhibitors ; organ culture ; α-1-antichymotrypsin ; breast adenocarcinoma ; glandular structure ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The synthesis and release of glycoproteins were studied in organ cultures of human breast surgical specimens and in established breast epithelial cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Biosynthesis was monitored by the incorporation of 14C-glucosamine. Labeled macromolecules in the culture supernatants were analyzed by biochemical and immunological techniques. One to 8% of the labeled glycoproteins from benign breast and infiltrating ductal carcinoma specimens was precipitated by antibodies produced against human serum 7α-1-antichymotrypsin. Twelve percent of the total glycoproteins from the culture supernatants of the MCF-7 cell line was identified as α-1-antichymo-trypsin. Both the normal serum and the human breast epithelia-derived proteinase inhibitor can be resolved into similar subclasses by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells which were extensively washed with EDTA, serum-free medium, and phosphate-buffered saline retain this proteinase inhibitor on their cell surfaces. Three to 4% of the total cell-surface iodinated components was immunoprecipitated by these specific antibodies. Since α-1-antichymotrypsin is a potent inhibitor of neutral proteinases such as cathepsin G, the demonstration of its synthesis by benign and malignant breast epithelial cells is of considerable interest. This glycoprotein may represent the epithelia's own protective shield of cell surface components and the cell's attempt to moderate the effects of invading leukocytes. In addition, it may play a regulatory role in the maintenance of three-dimensional glandular structures.
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    Simian virus 40 as a probe for studying inducible repair functions in mammalian cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: SV40 ; DNA repair ; SOS functions ; mutagenesis ; carcinogenesis ; recombination ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We describe the use of Simian Virus 40 (SV40) as a molecular probe for studying the cellular functions induced in cultured monkey kidney cells in response to DNA damaging agents. aUltraviolet (UV) irradiation of SV40-infected cells inhibits viral DNA replication. Replication forks are blocked by the first pyrimidine dimer encountered. In some cases, a single-strand break seems to occur at the level of the dimer inhibiting the fork of replication. This break, which can be visualized by electron microscopy studies, might be the first step in an excision repair pathway.bTreatment of monkey kidney cells with acetoxy-acetyl-aminofluorene or UV light before infection with UV-irradiated SV40 induces a mutagenic replication mode, as shown by an increase of the mutation frequency of thermosensitive SV40 mutants.cA possible recombination assay using various SV40 mutants infecting the same cell is proposed and discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170203
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    Factors implicated in determining the structure of zinc tubulin-sheets: Lateral tubulin-tubulin interaction is promoted by the presence of zinc (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 183-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: microtubule protein ; tubulin-sheets ; zinc ; MAPs ; tubulin lateral interaction ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Addition of increasing amounts of zinc to a cold microtubule protein solution results in the disappearance of 30 S oligomer found in the absence of that cation and in the appearance of new tubulin oligomers, 90 S and 23 S. When a microtubule protein solution is warmed in the presence of zinc, tubulin-sheets are assembled. We have tested the influence of microtubule associated proteins and the zinc:tubulin ratio on the polymerization process. Depletion of microtubule associated proteins results in wider and longer tubulin-sheets than those polymerized in the presence of microtubule associated proteins. However by increasing zinc concentration wider but shorter tubulin-sheets were found. These results suggest that microtubule associated proteins and zinc could promote nucleation of tubulin-sheets, but zinc also promotes lateral tubulin-tubulin interaction. This interpretation was confirmed when microtubule protein was assembled at a low zinctubulin ratio. In such conditions composite structures of microtubules and zinc tubulin-sheets arc formed. These composite structures are consequence of a lateral attachment of a zinc tubulin-sheet on a microtubule protofilament.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170208
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    Immunological analysis of a glycoprotein (contact sites A) involved in intercellular adhesion of dictyostelium discoideum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 197-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: adhesion ; Dictyostelium discoideum ; contact sites A ; development ; immune staining after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have prepared antisera in rabbits to the “contact sites A” glycoprotein (gp80) purified from Dictyostelium discoideum. IgG isolated from these anti-sera reacts with a number of different proteins in D discoideum lysates, as analyzed by immune precipitation and by antibody staining of gel electropherograms transferred to nitrocellulose. Blocking experiments indicate that this cross-reactivity reflects the presence of common antigeneic determinants on gp80 and other cellular proteins, rather than the presence of extraneous antibodies in the antisera. The spectrum of reactive proteins is different a: different stages of development. In particular, gp80 itself is synthesized only for a restricted period during the cell aggregation phase. The protein persists throughout development and can be detected in spores. Anti-gp80 Fab fragments bind to the surface of developing D discoideum cells and specifically block their developmentally regulated adhesion. After absorption with vegetative cells, the IgG stains only gp80 and (to a lesser extent) one other band in lysates of aggregation-competent cells. The absorbed antibodies also can block adhesion. Several proteins that appear late in development also arc stained by the absorbed IgG.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170302
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    Alkylation of DNA and tissue specificity in nitrosamine carcinogenesis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 259-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA alkylation ; nitrosamines ; carcinogenesis ; O6-methylguanine ; DNA repair ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A peculiarity of nitrosamines is the high degree of cell and organ specificity in inducing tumors. There is substantial evidence that the initiation of the carcinogenesis process by carcinogens of this group is linked to the metabolic competence of the target tissue or cell to convert these carcinogens into mutagenic metabolites and to the binding of those metabolites to cellular DNA. Alkylation occurs in the DNA at the N-1, N-3, and N-7 positions of adenine; the N-3, N-7, and O6 of guanine; the N-3, and O2 of cytosine; and the N-3, O4, and O2 of thymine; and the phosphate groups. The initial proportion of each DNA adduct depends upon the alkylating agent used. The various DNA adducts are lost to a variable extent from DNA in vivo by spontaneous release of bases and Or by specific DNA repair processes. Studies conducted in vitro and in vivo indicate that alkylation at the oxygen atoms of DNA bases is more critical than alkylation at other positions in the mutagenesis and carcinogenesis induced by N-nitroso compounds. In particular, tissues in which tumors occur more frequently after a pulse dose of nitrosamine are those in which O6-alkylguanine persists longest in DNA, presumably resulting in an increased probability that a miscoding event (mutation) will take place during DNA synthesis. The more rapid removal of O6-methylguanine from the DNA of liver (as compared with cxtrahepatic tissues) of rats has been associated with the absence of tumor production in this organ by a single dose of dimethylnitrosamine; however, a significant incidence of liver tumors is observed if the same dose is given 24 hr after partial hepatectomy, and tumors arc induced by such a dose of dimethyl-nitrosamine in the liver of hamsters, which has a low capacity to remove O6-methylguanine from its DNA. These data also indicate that the rate of disappearance of 7-methylguanine from the liver or cxtrahepatic tissues is independent of the dose of dimethylnitrosamine; whereas O6-methylguanine is lost from DNA more rapidly after a low dose of this nitrosamine. It has been shown that in liver the removal of O6-methylguanine, but not of other DNA adducts, from DNA can be affected by pretreating the animals with N-nitroso compounds. The modulation of DNA repair processes observed after a single dose and after chronic treatment with nitrosamines is discussed in relation to the tissue-specific carcinogenic effect of this group of carcinogens.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170307
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    Anomalous cell surface structure of sickle cell anemia erythrocytes as demonstrated by cell surface labeling and endo-β-galactosidase treatment (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sickle cell anemia ; endo-β-galactosidase ; cell surface labeling ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Erythrocyte surface glycoproteins from patients with various types of sickle cell anemia have been analyzed and compared with those from normal individuals. By hemagglutination with various anti-carbohydrate antibodies, sickle cells showed profound increase of i antigens and moderate increase of GlcNAcβ1→3Galβ1→3Glc structure, whereas antigenicity toward globosidic structure was unchanged. In parallel to these findings, erythrocytes of sickle cell patients have additional sialylatcd lactosaminoglycan in Band 3. Thus, it can be concluded that erythrocytes of sickle cell patients are characterized by an altered cell surface structure which does not appear to be due to topographical changes of cell surface membrane. It is possible that the anemia or the “stress” hematopoiesis in these patients is responsible for these changes.
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    Genetic variation among influenza viruses, abstracts 965-1023 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 353-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170507
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    Stimulatory activity of PHA-LCM for normal human hemopoietic progenitors and leukemic blast cell precursors: Separation by isoelectric focusing (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hemopoiesis ; leukemia ; hemopoietic progenitors ; cell culture ; stimulatory molecules ; isoelectric focusing ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Medium conditioned by leukocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin (PHA-LCM) promotes growth of human hemopoietic progenitors (CFU-GEMM, BFU-E, CFU-C) and precursors of leukemic blast cells. PHA-LCM was separated by isoelectric focusing and each fraction tested with nonadherent cells of normal individuals as well as blast cells from two patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Activity profiles for CFU-GEMM, BFU-E and CFU-C ranged from pH 5.0-6.5. The profile for activity stimulatory for leukemic blast cells was broader and ranged from pH 5.5-7.5. Although some overlap was observed, the main peaks of stimulatory activity for normally differentiating progenitors and precursors of leukemic blast cells were separable with respect to their isoelectric point.
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    Effect of heme on globin messenger RNA synthesis in spleen erythroid cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 73-81 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythroid cells ; globin messenger RNA ; heme ; isonicotinic acid hydrazide ; penicillamine ; transcription ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Synthesis of globin mRNA in erythroid spleen cells from anemic mice was measured after in vitro incubation under conditions in which the level of intracellular heme was manipulated. This newly synthesized globin mRNA was isolated by hybridization with globin cDNA covalently bound to cellulose. Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH) and penicillamine were used as specific inhibitors of heme synthesis. It has been found that a 120-min incubation of spleen erythroid cells with 5 mM INH or 5mM penicillamine reduced [3H] uridine incorporation into globin mRNA by 24% or 36%, respectively. The addition of heme to INH- or penicillamine-treated cells almost completely restored [3H] uridine incorporation into globin mRNA. These results indicate that heme stimulates transcription or processing of globin mRNA.
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    Spectrin-4.1-actin complex of the human erythrocyte: Molecular basis of its ability to bind cytochalasins with high-affinity and to accelerate actin polymerization in vitro (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: spectrin ; actin ; erythrocyte ; cytochalasin ; DNase I ; actin polymerization ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The spectrin-4.1-actin complex isolated from the cytoskeleton of human erythrocyte [3] was found to be similar to muscle F-actin in several aspects: Both the complex and F-actin nucleate cytochalasin-sensitive actin polymerization; both bind dihydrocytochalasin B with similar binding constants; both can be depolymerized by DNase I with loss of cytochalasin binding activity. From these results, we conclude that the actin in the complex is in an oligomeric form. However, the presence of spectrin and band 4.1 in the complex not only stabilized the actin in the complex as evidenced by its resistance to depolymerization in low-ionic-strength conditions and to DNase I as compared with F-actin, but also altered the characteristics of the binding site(s) for cytochalasins believed to be located at the “barbed” (polymerizing) end of the oligomeric actin.
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    Cell Cycle activation and ouabain-sensitive ion movements of 3T3 and C3H-10T½ fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 161-168 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: phorbol ester prostaglandin F2α ; (Na+ + K+)-ATPase ; cell cycle activation ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The introduction of either PGF2α (10-7 M) or TPA (10-7 M) stimulated, ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx at 30 min in postconfluent 3T3-4 mouse fibroblast cultures by 117% and 124%, respectively. Both TPA and PGF2α at these concentrations stimulated the incorporation of 3H-TdR into DNA. TPA had the greatest stimulatory effect, which was similar to that obtained with 10% fetal calf serum. In accord with the idea that modulation of membrane processes such as Na+/K+ pump activity in fibroblasts may reflect important events related to the initiation of DNA synthesis, it was observed that in both 3T3-4 and C3H-1 0T½ cells there were parallel increases in 3H-TdR incorporation and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influxes with 10-7 M TPA, whereas PGF2α stimulated a significant increase in 3H-TdR incorporation in 3T3-4 but not C3H-10T½ cells and only marginal increases in ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ influx in both. Therefore, although there appears to be a close correlation between Na+/K+ pump activation and subsequent S-phase entry following TPA stimulation, a similar correlation for PGF2α cannot be confirmed.
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    Release of erythropoietin from macrophages by treatment with silica (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 169-176 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythropoietin ; macrophages ; silica ; erythrocytic colony-forming units ; polycythemic mouse bioassay ; anti-erythropoietin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An erythropoietic stimulating factor (ESF) can be shown to be released from preincubated macrophage-containing cell suspensions from mice by the macrophage-specific, cytotoxic agent, silica. A concentrated silica treated spleen cell supernatant containing ESF is shown to cause a dose dependent increase in 59 Fe incorporation into red blood cells using the in vivo polycythemic mouse bioassay. The ESF from the same supernatant can also be neutralized by anti-erythropoietin. A second concentrated supernatant fractionated using wheat germ lectin-Sepharose 6MB and compared to either unfractionated or fractionated step 111 erythropoietin (Ep), tested in vitro using the erythroid colony-forming technique and 12-day fetal liver as target cells, indicates parallelism of all linear dose-response lines. This, together with the in vivo data, strongly suggests that the ESF released from macrophages treated with silica is, in fact, Ep. Substituting Ca2+ ions for fetal calf serum in the preincubation procedure results in the same activity being released compared to the presence of 1% or 20% fetal calf serum.
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    Neonatal imprinting and hepatic cytochrome P-450 II. Partial purification of a sex-dependent and neonatally imprinted form(s) of cytochrome P-450 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 193-204 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: neonatal imprinting ; cytochrome P-450 development ; sex-dependent differences ; microsomal drug metabolism ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A new form of cytochrome P-450 was partially purified from hepatic microsomes of neonatally imprinted rats (adult male and adult male castrated at four weeks of age). This new form of cytochrome P-450 appears to have an apparent molecular weight of approximately 50,000 daltons as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It appears that this form of cytochrome P-450 is either absent or present in low concentrations in cytochrome P-450 preparations isolated from neonatally nonimprinted rats (adult female and adult male castrated at birth). Reconstitution of testosterone hydroxylase and benzphetamine N-demethylase activities of this partially purified cytochrome P-450 revealed that the presence of testosterone 16α-hydroxylase activity, an imprintable microsomal enzyme, was in parallel with the imprinting status of the animals; a significantly higher activity was detected in the neonatally imprinted than that of the nonimprinted animals. This was in contrast to the nonimprintable benzphetamine N-demethylase, testosterone 7α-and 6β-hydroxylase activities which exhibited no correlation with the imprinting status of the animals.We have prepared antisera from rabbits using the partially purified cytochrome P-450 preparations from adult male rats as antigens. These antisera inhibited microsomal testosterone 16α- and 7α-hydroxylase activities in a concentration-dependent manner, without impairing 6β-hydroxylase activity. These data suggest that the partially purified cytochrome P-450 from adult male rats consists of both imprintable (16α-) and nonimprintable (7α-) testosterone hydroxylase activities. The antisera formed immunoprecipitant lines in the Ouchterlony double diffusion plates with partially purified cytochrome P-450 from both neonatally imprinted and nonimprinted adult rats. The immunoprecipitant lines, as stained by coomassie blue, suggest the homology of the cytochrome P-450 preparations from neonatally imprinted and nonimprinted rats. Immunoabsorption of the antisera against neonatally nonimprinted, partially purified cytochrome P-450 completely removed the immunoprecipitant lines without appreciably impairing the inhibitory effects of antisera on the microsomal testosterone 16α-and 7α-hydroxylase activities. In contrast, immunoabsorption of the antisera against partially purified cytochrome P-450 from adult male rats (imprinted) abolished completely both the immunoprecipitant lines and the inhibition on microsomal testosterone hydroxylation reaction (16α and 7α). The inhibitory actin of antisera on testosterone hydroxyulation was also abolished upon boiling the antisera at 100°C for 5 minutes.The biochemical and immunochemical data in this study suggest that the neonatally imprintable form or forms of hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 accounts for a small fraction of the bulk of total cytochrome P-450. However, the existence of this form of cytochrome P-450 is regulated by gonadal hormones during the neonatal period and accounts for the major imprintable sex difference in drug and steroid metabolism in adulthood.
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    Errata (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 315-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150308
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    Multiplication stimulating activity (MSA) from the BRL 3A rat liver cell line: Relation to human somatomedins and insulin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 253-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: insulin-like growth factor ; somatomedin ; multiplication stimulating activity ; insulin ; receptors: insulin; ; insulin-like growth factor ; fibroblasts ; DNA synthesis ; amino acid transport ; glucose ; leprechaunism ; liver cells ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The properties of multiplication stimulating activity (MSA), an insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin) purified from culture medium conditioned by the BRL 3A rat liver cell line are summarized. The relationship of MSA to somatomedins purified from human and rat plasma are considered. MSA appears to be the predominant somatomedin in fetal rat serum, but a minor component ot adult rat somatomedin. In vitro biological effects of MSA and insulin in adipocytes, fibroblasts and chondrocytes are examined to determine whether they are mediated by insulin receptors or insulin-like growth factor receptors. The possible relationship of a primary defect of insulin receptors observed in fibroblasts from a patient with the rare genetic disorder, leprechaunism, to intrauterine growth retardation is discussed.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150401
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    Sperm-egg binding: Identification of a species-specific sperm receptor from eggs of strongylocentrotus purpuratus (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 347-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: egg receptor for sperm ; cell surface glycoconjugate ; sea urchin fertilization ; sperm-egg binding ; bindin-receptor interaction ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have attempted to identify a surface component of echinoderm eggs that is involved in the species-specific binding of sperm. Cell surface membranes from eggs of the sea urchins Strongylocentrotus purpuratus or Arbacia punctulata were radioiodinated, detergent-treated, and subjected to density-gradient centrifugation. In the presence of bindin, the complementary binding protein isolated from sperm, one component of the membranes sedimented to a different density. This membrane component bound-species specifically to sperm that had undergone the acrosome reaction. This binding led to an inhibition of the ability of treated sperm to fertilize eggs. Exhaustive proteolytic digestion of this receptor fraction yields a high molecular weight glycopeptide that can also bind to bindin. It therefore appears that this egg surface membrane fraction contains a functionally intact, species-specific receptor for sperm.
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    Isolation of a high molecular weight glycoconjugate derived from the surface of S purpuratus eggs that is implicated in sperm adhesion (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: egg receptor for sperm ; cell surface glycoconjugate ; sea urchin fertilization ; sperm-egg binding ; bindin-receptor interaction ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Sea urchin sperm-egg adhesion is mediated by bindin, a sperm surface protein that has lectin-like activity. Bindin agglutinates eggs, and this interaction has been shown to be inhibited by glycopeptides released from the egg surface by protease treatment. In this study, we report the purification and properties of such an egg surface glycoconjugate that may be involved in sperm adhesion. The glycoconjugate was partially purified by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on bindin particles. Upon gel filtration on Sepharose CL 4-B, the glycoconjugate elutes near the void volume, suggesting that it has a molecular weight in excess of one million. In addition, we have found that the egg surface glycoconjugate agglutinates bindin particles, indicating that it is multivalent. Carbohydrate analysis indicates that the glycoconjugate is composed primarily of fucosc, xylose, galactose, and glucose. This purified egg surface component is the most potent inhibitor of bindin-mediated egg agglutination yet described.
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    Specific reversal of cytolytic T lymphocyte - target cell interaction (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell recognition ; reversal of cell interaction ; target cell interaction ; cytolytic T lymphocytes ; H-2 recognition ; reversal ; cell adhesion ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A functional assay is described that measures the reversal of specific cytolytic T cell (CTL)-target cell binding. Binding of 51Cr-labeled P815 cells was stable in suspension but could be readily reversed by the addition of unlabeled P815 cells. The reversal of CTL-tumor cell and CTL-spleen cell binding was H-2 specific; only cells of the same H-2 type as the bound target cell could induce reversal. In all cases, tumor cells were substantially more efficient than spleen cells in inducing specific reversal.
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    Expression of glial antigens C1 and M1 in developing and adult neurologically mutant mice (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 53-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: development ; neurological mouse mutants ; cerebellum ; glial antigens ; monoclonal antibodies ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The distribution of two glial antigens (C1 and M1) has been studied by indi-rect immunofluorescence during postnatal development of the cerebella of normal and neurologically mutant mice (weaver, staggerer, reeler, Purkinje cell degeneration, and wobbler). During the first postnatal week of normal development, C1 antigen is expressed in ependyma, Bergmann glial fibers (BG), and astrocytes of the internal granular layer and white matter. After day 10, C1 antigen is restricted to BG and ependymal cells. During the sec-ond and third week, BG undergo a transient loss of C1 antigen that starts in medioventral areas and spreads in a gradient dorsally and laterally.In reeler, weaver, and staggerer, C1 antigen expression is normal during the first postnatal week, and subsides in BG in a similar spatial gra- dient as described for the normal littermates. However, the loss of C1 anti-gen in BG occurs earlier (first in reeler, then in weaver, and last in staggerer) and is not reversible as it is in normal mice. In Purkinje cell de-generation, C1 antigen expression is diminished in BG after the onset of be-havioral abnormalities. Wobbler is normal with respect to C1 antigen ex-pression at adult ages.M1 antigen is detectable in white matter astrocytes from postnatal day 7 on, and persists in these cells into adulthood. Astrocytes of the internal granular layer and BG express M1 antigen only transiently in normal mice during the second and third weeks. The appearance of M1 antigen in BG occurs in a spatiotemporal gradient, matching the one in which C1 antigen disappears. M1 antigen expression is abnormally maintained in BG of reeler, staggerer, and weaver. In Purkinje cell degeneration, M1 antigen is ex-pressed abnormally at the onset of behavioral abnormalities first in.astro-cytes of the internal granular layer and, with growing age, increasingly also in BG. In wobbler, BG do not express M1 antigen. However, astrocytes of the granular layer are abnormally M1 antigen-positive.
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    I-A Mutation resulted in a selective loss of an antigen-specific Ir gene function (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 115-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: insulin ; T cell proliferation ; Ia molecules ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The immune responses to several antigens were compared in the I-A mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 and the wild-type strain C57BL/6. With a lymph node cell proliferation assay, the response to two of these antigens, beef insulin and (TG)A-L, was demonstrated to be controlled by a gene in the I-Ab region. B6.C-H-2bm12 mice failed to respond to beef insulin, while their responses to (TG)A-L, DNP-OVA and PPD were comparable with those of the wild-type strain C57BL/6. Taken together with previous studies, these data suggest that the product of a single pleiotropic I-A gene, an la molecule, functions as a histocompatibility, la, and MLR antigen, as well as a necessary component for Ir gene function. Furthermore, the data reported here demonstrate that la molecules have multiple functional “Ir determinants,” one of which has been altered in the B6.C-H-2bm12 mutant. The B6.C-H-2bm12 mice, therefore, represent a powerful analytical tool for the understanding of the cellular and molecular basis for Ir gene control of the immune response.
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    Proteolytic domains of the epidermal growth factor receptor of human placenta (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 15-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: epidermal growth factor ; epidermal growth factor receptor ; integral membrane proteins ; hormone receptor ; limited proteolysis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Microsomal membranes from human placenta, which bind 5-20 pmol of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) per mg protein, have been affinity-labeled with 125I-EGF either spontaneously or with dimethylsuberimidate. Coomassie blue staining patterns on SDS polyacrylamide gels are minimally altered, and the EGF-receptor complex appears as a specifically labeled band of 180,000 daltons which is not removed by urea, neutral buffers, or chaotropic salts but is partially extracted by mild detergents. Limited proteolysis by alpha chymotrypsin and several other serine proteases yields labeled fragments of 170,000, 130,000, 85,000, and 48,000 daltons. More facile cleavage by papain or bromelain rapidly degrades the hormone-receptor complex to smaller labeled fragments of about 35,000 and 25,000 daltons. These fragments retain the binding site for EGF, are capable of binding EGF, and remain associated with the membrane. Alpha chymotryptic digestion of receptor solubilized by detergents yields the same fragments obtained with intact vesicles, suggesting that the fragments may represent intrinsic proteolytic domains of the receptor.
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    Alterations in growth requirements of kidney epithelial cells in defined medium associated with malignant transformation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: defined medium ; renal epithelium ; tumorigenicity ; primary culture ; PGE ; independent variant ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The possibility has been investigated that (1) the supplements required for the growth of the Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell line in serum-free Medium K-l are indeed requirements for the growth of normal kidney cells in vitro, and (2) that alterations in these growth requirements are associated with malignant transformation. Consistent with the hypothesis that MDCK cells resemble normal kidney cells in culture, primary cultures of baby mouse kidney epithelial cells grow in Medium K-l and respond to the 5 components in the-medium. The growth properties of Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV)-transformed MDCK cells in defined media have been examined. Unlike MDCK cells, MSV-transformed MDCK cells form tumors in adult nude mice. Although they still respond to the 5 factors in Medium K-l, the optimal dosage for insulin is lower for the MSV transformants than for MDCK cells. The MSV transformants also have an additional requirement for growth in Medium K-l - fibronectin. Variants of MDCK cells have been isolated that have lost the PGE1 requirement for growth in defined medium. These variant cells have acquired (1) the ability to form tumors in adult nude mice and (2) an alteration affecting cAMP metabolism, in addition to PGE1 independence.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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    Effect of exogenous fatty acids on growth, membrane fluidity, and phospholipid fatty acid composition in yeast (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 119-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: yeast growth ; fatty acids ; phospholipids ; lipid fluidity ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The growth response of a double-mutant fatty acid auxotroph of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to exogenous saturated fatty acids of a homologous series from 12:0 to 16:0, each supplied with oleate, linoleate, linolenate, or cis-Δ11- eicosenoate, cannot be explained in terms of the efficiency of incorporation of the fatty acids into phospholipids or alteration of membrane fluidity. There is, however, a negative correlation between growth and levels of 12:0 plus 13:0 in phospholipids, as well as a positive correlation between growth and levels of 14:0, 1 5:0, and 1 6:0. We, therefore, conclude that the predominant factor in these phospholipid fatty acyl chain modifications is maintenance of an optimal concentration of C14:0 through C16:0 in phospholipids of this organism.
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    Extracellular regulation of fibroblast multiplication: A direct kinetic approach to analysis of role of low molecular weight nutrients and serum growth factors (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 83-110 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cell growth ; nutrients ; growth factors ; transformation ; cloning ; kinetic analysis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The principles of enzyme kinetic analysis were applied to quantitate the relationships among serum-derived growth factors, nutrients, and the rate of survival and multiplication of human fibroblasts in culture. The survival or multiplication rate of a population of cells plotted against an increasing concentration of a growth factor or nutrient in the medium exhibited a hyperbolic pattern that is characteristic of a dissociable, saturable interaction between cells and the ligands. Parameters equivalent to the Km and Vmax of enzyme kinetics were assigned to nutrients and growth factors. When all nutrient concentrations were optimized and in steady state, serum factors accelerated the rate of multiplication of a normal cell population. The same set of nutrients that supported a maximal rate of multiplication in the presence of serum factors supported the maintenance of non-proliferating cells in the absence of serum factors. Therefore, under this condition, serum factors are required for cell division and play a purely regulatory iole in multiplication of the cell population. The quantitative requirement for 18 nutrients of 29 that were examined was significantly higher (P 〈 0.001) for cell multiplication in the presence of serum factors than for cell maintenance in the absence of serum factors. This indicated specific nutrients that may be quantitatively important in cell division processes as well as in cell maintenance. The quantitative requirement for Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Pi, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid for cell multiplication was modified by serum factors and other purified growth factors. The requirement for over 30 other nutrients could not clearly be related to the level of serum factors in the medium. Serum factors also determined the Ca2+, K+, and 2-oxocarboxylic acid requirement for maintenance of non-proliferating cells. Therefore, when either Ca2+, K+, or 2-oxocarboxylic acid concentration was limiting, factors in serum played a role as cell “survival or maintenance” factors in addition to their role in cell division as “growth regulatory” factors. However, with equivalent levels of serum factors in the medium, the requirement for Ca2+, K+, and 2-oxocarboxylic acids was still much higher for multiplication than for maintenance. Kinetic analysis revealed that the concentrations of individual nutrients modify the quantitative requirement for others for cell multiplication in a specific pattern. Thus, specific quantitative relationships among different nutrients in the medium are important in the control of the multiplication rate of the cell population. When all nutrient concentrations were optimal for multiplication of normal cells, the multiplication response of SV40-virus-transformed cells to serum factors was similar to that of normal cells. When serum factors were held constant, transformed cells required significantly less (P 〈 0.001) of 12 of the 26 nutrients examined. Therefore, the transformed cells only have a growth advantage when the external concentration of specific nutrients limits the multiplication rate of normal cells. Taken together, the results suggest that the control of cell multiplication is intimately related to external concentrations of nutrients. Specific growth regulatory factors may stimulate cell proliferation by modification of the response of normal cells to nutrients. Transforming agents may confer a selective growth advantage on cells by a constitutive alteration of their response to extracellular nutrients.
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    Murine teratocarcinoma: A model for virus-cell interaction in a differentiating cell system (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 205-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: murine teratocarcinoma ; embryonal carcinoma ; SV40 ; infection ; T antigen ; immunoprecipitation ; replication ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The stem cell of the murine teratocarcinoma is refractory to infection with Simian virus 40 and polyoma. Utilizing various procedures, we attempted to alter this block to infection by modifying the infection procedure. Multiple infections with high-titer SV40 and pretreatment of cells with DEAE-dextran or the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline l-oxide did not induce embryonal carcinoma cells to produce T- antigen. Co-infection with adenovirus 5, which infects the embryonal carcinoma, and SV40 did not induce the expression of SV40 Tantigen. Therefore, these procedures did not overcome the block to virus infection. The assay for the SV40 T antigen was immunofluorescence; however, the immunoprecipitation technique did not detect T antigen in the infected embryonal carcinoma cells. Finally, the viral DNA present in the embryonal carcinoma was examined for its ability to replicate. These studies showed that viral DNA was not replicating as assayed by the viral DNA's sensitivity to UV irradiation when replicating in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyundine.
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    Subcellular structures involved in internalization and degradation of epidermal growth factor (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 235-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: EGF ; coated vesicles ; internalization ; lysosomes ; NH4C1 ; hormone degradation ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), a small polypeptide which acts as a mitogen for many cell types, has previously been shown to bind to a specific plasma membrane receptor on 3T3 cells. If 125I-EGF is bound to 3T3 cells for one hour at 4°C, it remains predominantly associated with the plasma membrane-containing fractions obtained by subjecting cell supernatants to equilibrium sedimentation on sucrose gradients. When binding is followed by a 10-minute incubation at 37°C, over 50% of the 125I-EGF is associated with two internal membrane-containing peaks having higher densities than the plasma membrane. After one hour at 37°C, over 80% of the 125I-EGF is degraded and removed from the cells.The most rapidly labeled internal peak corresponds in density to brain-coated vesicles (CVs). Antiserum prepared against coated vehicles from brain precipitates the 125I-EGF in this peak. In addition, CVs containing 125I-EGF can be co-purified from 3T3 cells exposed to 125I-EGF, using brain as a carrier. Several lines of evidence suggest that the other 125I-EGF-labeled intracellular peak is 125I-EGF in lysosomes.These results provide kinetic and biochemical evidence for a unidirectional pathway for EGF catabolism by 3T3 cells. EGF first binds to the plasma membrane bound receptors, is then moved to the cytoplasm in CVs, and finally appears in lysosomes, where it is degraded and released from the cells. Ten-millimolar NH4Cl blocks lysosomal hydrolysis of EGF almost completely. Subsequently, EGF internalization is inhibited. This finding suggests that the pathway for EGF internalization and degradation is tightly coupled.
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    Normal and neoplastic lymphocyte maturation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 303-314 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocytes arc cells that are responsible for processes of specific antigen recognition and for those aspects of the immune response that characterize adaptive immunity. In this respect adaptive immunity can be characterized as antigen-induced immune memory and effector functions as compared to native immunity - the nonspecific phagocytic and humoral protective elements in lower vertebrates. In vertebrates both B and T lymphocytes apparently express self-synthesized receptors that (1) are involved in the recognition of antigens, and (2) mediate the interactions between various important cells in the hematolymphoid system. There are three major subclasses of T lymphocytes - those involved with helper/inducer functions, those involved with suppressor functions, and those involved in direct cytotoxicity of antigenic target cells [1,2].
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    Presence of trifoliin A, a rhizobium-binding lectin, in clover root exudate (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: trifoliin A ; clover lectin ; Rhizobium trifolii ; root exudate ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Trifoliin A, a Rhizobium-binding glycoprotein from white clover, was detected in sterile clover root exudate by a sensitive immunofluorescence assay employing encapsulated cells of Rhizobium trifolii 0403 heat-fixed to microscope slides. Its presence in root exudate was further examined by immunoaffinity chromatography. The binding of trifoliin A to cells was specifically inhibited by the hapten, 2-deoxyglucose. Significantly higher quantities of trifoliin A were detected in root exudate of seedlings grown hydroponically in nitrogen-free medium than in rooting medium containing 15 mM NO-3, a concentration which completely suppressed root hair infection by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont. The presence of trifoliin A in root exudate may make it possible for recognition processes to occur before the microsymbiont attaches to its plant host.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160301
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    The dynamic state of liver gap junctions (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: gap junctions ; protein turnover ; junction synthesis ; junction degradation ; liver ; regenerating liver ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: By the use of a simple, rapid method for the isolation of gap junctions from small amounts of rat liver (2-3 g), we have followed the incorporation of the radiolabeled amino acid precursors 3H-leucine and 35S-methionine into the gap junction protein. In timed studies with 35S-methionine as precursor, the specific activity in the protein is maximal by 4 h after a single injection of 300 μCi/100 g body weight. From the decay in the specific activity with time after a single injection, the gap junction protein has an apparent half-life of about 19 h. Because of problems of reutilization of radiolabeled amino acid with 35S-methionine as precursor, this apparent halflife probably overestimates the true half-life and indicates a surprisingly rapid turnover of the gap junction protein. This short half-life suggests that, in rat liver, the gap junctions may be very responsive to alterations in physiological demands.
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    Identifying human cells capable of metabolizing various classes of carcinogens (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 269-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: metabolic activation ; human cells ; polycyclic hydrocarbons ; aromatic amines ; heterocyclic hydrocarbons ; nitrosamines ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human cells that appear capable of metabolizing various classes of carcinogens have been identified using one of two methods: metabolism of tritiated benzo(a)pyrene to aqueous-acetone soluble forms or inhibition of cellular DNA synthesis. Each of the assay systems was optimized and the results on 15 human epithelial cell lines were compared. One or more cell lines were found to activate each of four classes of carcinogens examined: polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, heterocyclic hydrocarbons, and nitrosamines. Cells that appeared capable of metabolizing polycyclic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines by these methods were also found to produce metabolites which were cytotoxic to cocultivated human xeroderma pigmentosum fibroblasts after a 48-hr exposure to the carcinogen.
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    The in vivo formation and repair of DNA adducts from 1′-hydroxysafrole (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: safrole ; 1′-hydroxysafrole ; 1′-acetoxysafrole ; carcinogen-DNA adducts ; DNA repair ; 5-bromodeoxyuridine density labelling ; repair patch size ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1′-Hydroxysafrole is a proximate carcinogenic metabolite of the naturally occurring hepatocarcinogen safrole. Comparison by high-performance liquid chromatography of the nucleoside adducts obtained from hepatic DNA of adult female mice treated with [2′,3′-3H]1′-hydroxysafrolc with those formed by reaction of deoxyribonucleo-sides with electrophilic derivatives of 1′-hydroxysafrole indicated that the four in vivo adducts studied were derived from an ester of 1′-hydroxysafrole. Three of the four adducts comigrated with products of the reaction of 1′-acetoxysafrole with deoxyguanosine, whereas the fourth adduct comigrated with the major reaction product of the ester with deoxyadenosine. Analysis of the three deoxyguanosine ad-ducts indicated that all three involve substitution on the 2-amino group of guanine. A sample of the major adduct prepared from deoxyguanylic acid has been charac-terized from its NMR spectrum as N2-(trans-isosafrol-3′-Y1)-deoxyguanosine, and the deoxyadenosine adduct has been similarly characterized as N6-(trans-isosafrol-3′-yl)-deoxyadenosine.Repair replication was measured in cultured human T98G cells exposed to 1′-acetoxysafrole using the combined 5-bromodcoxyuridine density label and radioiso-topic label metnod. At a concentration of 1 mM 1′-acetoxysafrole, the amount of repair synthesis approached maximum values only about 15% of those obtained af-ter saturating doses of ultraviolet light. Repair patch size distribution was found to be similar in cells treated with ultraviolet light or 1′-acetoxysafrole as determined by the density of repair-labeled DNA relative to that of parental DNA.
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    Lymphocyte recognition of H-2 antigen in liposomes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 121-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: H-2 antigen ; liposomes ; plasma membrane matrix ; cytolytic T lymphocytes ; cell-liposome interaction ; H-2 recognition ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Liposomes containing purified H-2Kk will specifically stimulate generation of a secondary allogeneic cytolytic T lymphocyte response. Effective recognition was found to depend on the structure of the liposomes. Including detergent-insoluble plasma membrane matrix during formation resulted in liposomes having two- to fourfold more activity than those prepared using just lipid and H-2.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160203
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    Biochemical analysis of an MHC-linked hematopoietic cell surface antigen, Qa-2 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 167-177 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: gene duplication ; H-2 alloantigen ; Qa-2 alloanligen ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The region of the murine 17th chromosome telomeric to H-2D encodes a group of serologically defined cell surface antigens termed Qa-1-5. These antigens are of interest because their expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells. In addition, the molecular weight and subunit structure (ie, association with β-2 microglobulin) of Qa-2 molecules are similar to H-2 and TL antigens. In the present studies, we have prepared isotopically labeled Qa-2 and H-2 molecules from mitogen-stimulated C57BL/6 spleen cells. Comparative peptide mapping of tryptic peptides from Qa-2 and H-2 molecules (Kb, DbKk, Dd) reveal that Qa-2 has a unique primary structure. However, considerable homology is indicated since 30-40% of the Qa-2 peptides cochromatograph with peptides derived from H-2Kb, H-2Db, H-2Kk, and H-2Dd. Studies by other investigators have demonstrated that similar levels of structural homology are observed when H-2K, H-2D, and H-2L tryptic peptides are analyzed. We conclude from these studies that the Qa-2 alloantigen is structurally related to a class of cell surface molecules (ie, H-2) that play critical roles in immune recognition processes. These data further suggest that the genes encoding Qa-2 and H-2 molecules have arisen from a common primordial gene.
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    Microfilament reorganization in normal and cytochalasin B treated adherent thrombocytes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 209-220 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: adhesion ; microfilaments ; thrombocytes ; whole mount ; cytochalasin B ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Thrombocyte adhesion following activation by a Formvar surface involves a morphologic transition resulting in a fully spread cell. Correlative SEM and whole mount TEM were used to study the cytoskeletal alterations that accompany changes in surface morphology during adhesion. Following initial adhesion, thrombocytes extend slender pseudopods containing longitudinally oriented bundles of filaments that are 13-22 nm in diameter. Concomitant with pseudopod extension, a cytoplasmic hyalomere, consisting of a dense filamentous network, extends between the pseudopods and ultimately results in a fully spread cell. Treatment of thromboyctes with cytochalasin B (10-5 M) caused clumping of the hyalomere filament network and retraction of the hyalomere. Examination of partially retracted cells revealed that pseudopod filament bundles were continuous with the contracting filamentous network. It is concluded that pseudopod filament bundles and cytoplasmic hyalomere filaments are interconvertible and that their organizational relationship changes in accordance with gross morphologic changes.
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    Monoclonal antibody covalently coupled to liposomes: Specific targeting to cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 243-258 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: liposomes ; liposome-protein coupling ; fluorescence ; monoclonal antibody ; cell surface antigens ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have evaluated optimal conditions for coupling monoclonal antibody to small unilamellar lipisomes. Coupling of an IgG2a monoclonal anti-β2-microglobulin antibody, which reacts with human cells, was examined in detail. Liposomes were composed of dipalmitoyl lecithin and cholesterol, and variable quantities of phosphatidylethanolamine substituted with the heterobifunctional cross-linking reagent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl 3-(2-pyridyldithio) propionate (SPDP). They were reacted with antibody derivatized with the same reagent at a 5- to 20-fold molar excess, and activated by mild reduction. This degree of SPDP modification had no effect on the capacity of the antibody to bind to its target antigen. More than 40% of antibody could be reproducibly bound to liposomes, resulting in the coupling of from 1 to 10 antibody molecules per liposome (mean diameter.580 Å). The coupling reaction did not lead to loss of carboxyfluorescein encapsulated within liposomes. At least 80% of liposomes carried nondenatured antibody, as confirmed by precipitation of liposomes and encapsulated carboxyfluorescein by Staphylococcus aureus, strain Cowan I. The liposome-coupled antibody retained its immunological specificity: only cells expressing human β2-microglobulin bound liposomes in vitro, and the binding was inhibited by the free antibody in solution. Results with antibodies of different antigenic specificity confirm that the technique can be generally applied.
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    An immunochemical approach for the analysis of membrane protein alterations in Ca2+-loaded human erythrocytes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 289-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythrocyte membrane proteins ; Ca2+-loaded erythrocytcs ; transglutaminase ; ionophore A23187 ; γ-glutamyl-∊-lysine cross links ; crossed immunoelectrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: An increase in the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ in human erythrocytes results in the formation of γ-glutamyl-∊-lysine cross-linked membrane protein polymers. Following solubilization of the membranes with SDS, these polymers can be isolated on a Lubrol-containing sucrose gradient. Immunoelectrophoresis of the polymeric material with a polyspecific rabbit antibody against human ghosts gave rise to a single, but heterogeneous, precipitate. The polymer was amphiphilic and, on addition to Triton-solubilized erythrocyte membrane proteins, it coprecipitated with spectrin. When the antighost antibody was absorbed with the polymer prior to cross immunoelectrophoresis of normal erythrocyte membrane proteins, the precipitates of glycophorin, acetylcholinesterase, and hemoglobin were normal, whereas the anti-body liters against band 3 protein, spectrin, and ankyrin became reduced. Furthermore, a rabbit antibody raised against the isolated human polymer reacted selectively with the same three membrane proteins. No reactions occurred with lysate proteins.
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    Member-associated changes during erythropoiesis. On the mechanism of maturation of reticulocytes to erythrocytes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 163-181 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: spectrin-actin complex ; membranoskeleton ; immunoelectron microscopy ; membrane remodeling ; endocytosis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The mature mammalian erythrocyte has a unique membranoskeleton, the spectrin-actin complex, which is responsible for many of the unusual membrane properties of the erythrocyte. Previous studies have shown that in successive stages of differentiation of the erythropoietic series leading to the mature erythrocyte there is a progressive increase in the density of spectrin associated with the membranes of these cells. An important stage of this progression occurs during the enucleation of the late erythroblast to produce the incipient reticulocyte, when all of the spectrin of the former cell is sequestered to the membrane of the reticulocyte. The reticulocyte itself, however, does not exhibit a fully formed membranoskeleton. In particular, the in vitro binding of multivalent ligands to specific membrane receptors on the reticulocyte was shown to cause a clustering of some fractions of these ligand-receptor complexes into special mobile domains on the cell surface. These domains of clustered ligand-receptor complexes became invaginated and endocytosed as small vesicles. By immunoelectron microscopic experiments, these invaginations and endocytosed vesicles were found to be specifically free of spectrin on their cytoplasmic surfaces.These earlier findings then raised the possibility that the maturation of reticulocytes to mature erythrocytes in vivo might involve a progressive loss of reticulocyte membrane free of spectrin, thereby producing a still more concentrated spectrin-actin membranoskeleton in the erythrocyte than in the reticulocyte. This proposal is tested experimentally in this paper. In vivo reticulocytes were observed in ultrathin frozen sections of spleens from rabbits rendered anemic by phenylhydrazine treatment. These sections were indirectly immunolabeled with ferritin-antibody reagents directed to rabbit spectrin. Most reticulocytes in a section had one or more surface invaginations and one or more intra-cellular vesicles that were devoid of spectrin labeling. The erythrocytes in the same sections did not exhibit these features, and their membranes were everywhere uniformly labeled for spectrin. Spectrin-free surface invaginations and intracellular vesicle were also observed with reticulocytes within normal rabbit spleens. Based on these results, a scheme for membrane remodeling during reticulocyte maturation in vivo is proposed.
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    Alternative conformations of DNA modified by N-2-acetylaminofluorene (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 231-244 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: acelylammofluorene ; Z-DNA ; base displacement model ; DNA conformation ; circular dichroism (CD) ; NMR ; nuclease S1 digestion ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Modification of DNA by the carcinogen N-acetoxy-N-2-acetylaminofluorene gives two adducts, a major one at the C-8 position of guanine and a minor one at the N-2 position with differing conformations. Binding at the C-8 position results in a large distortion of the DNA helix referred to as the “base displacement model” with the carcinogen inserted into the DNA helix and the guanosine displaced to the outside. The result is increased susceptibility to nuclease S, digestion due to the presence of large, single-stranded regions in the modified DNA. In contrast, the N-2 adduct results in much less distortion of the helix and is less susceptible to nuclease S1 digestion.A third and predominant adduct is formed in vivo, the deacetylated C-8 guanine adduct. The conformation of this adduct has been investigated using the dimer dApdG as a model for DNA. The attachment of aminofluorene (AF) residues introduced smaller changes in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of dApdG than binding of acetylaminofluorene (AAF) residues. Similarly, binding of AF residues caused lower upfield shifts for the H-2 and H-8 protons of adenine than the AAF residues. These results suggest that AF residues are less stacked with neighboring bases than AAF and induce less distortion in conformation of the modified regions than AAF.An alternative conformation of AAF-modified deoxyguanosine has been suggested based on studies of poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC). Modification of this copolymer with AAF to an extent of 28% showed a CD spectrum that had the characteristics of the left-handed Z conformation seen in unmodified poly-(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) at high ethanol or salt concentrations. Poly(dG)·poly(dC), which docs not undergo the B to Z transition at high ethanol concentrations, did not show this type of conformational change with high AAF modification. Differences in conformation were suggested by single-strand specific nuclease S1 digestion and reactivity with anticytidine antibodies. Highly modified poly(dG-dC)·poly(dG-dC) was almost completely resistant to nuclease S1 hydrolysis, while, modified DNA and poly(dG)·poly(dC) are highly susceptible to digestion. Two possible conformations for deoxyguanosine modified at the C-8 position by AAF are compared depending on whether its position is in alternating purine-pyrimidine sequences or random sequence DNA.
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    Spectrin oligomers: A structural feature of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 275-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: spectrin ; erythrocyte ; cytoskeleton ; oligomers ; tetramer ; associations ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Spectrin reversibly self-associates to high molecular weight oligomers through a concentration-driven process characterized by association constants of about 105 mol-1. This association is prominent under physiological conditions of pH, ionic strength, and temperature. It is disrupted by urea, but not Triton X-100. The process of spectrin association appears mathematically to resemble that for tropomyosin, although the mechanism is probably different. Spectrin association is weak compared to other prominent protein-protein associations in the red cell membrane skeleton. The linkage of these weak and strong associations suggests a process whereby the membrane skelton spontaneously assembles. Such affinity-modulated assembly involving weak associations is likely to be the focus of numerous membrane control mechanisms.
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    Changes in cell surface glycoproteins and carbohydrate structures during the development and differentiation of human erythroid cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 313-324 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    The resolution of two populations of lysosomal organelles containing endocytosed wistaria floribunda agglutinin from murine fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 337-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: endocytosis ; GERL ; lectin ; lysosome ; subcellular fractionation ; Wistaria floribunda ; agglutinin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Subcellular fractionation of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts exposed to Wistaria floribunda agglutinin was performed to localize fractions containing internalized lectin. Employing two sequential self-generating silica sol density gradients, the postnuclear supernatant of cell homogenates was resolved into five distinct cellular components. Lysosome enzyme activities were displayed by two populations of vesicles, each separated from plasma membrane, golgi, and mitochondria markers. The more dense of these fractions exhibited morphological and biochemical properties ascribed to secondary lysosomes: The more buoyant population was similar to that reported by Rome et al [11] who noted that it may be a product of vesiculated golgi endoplasmic reticulum lysosome (GERL). Treatment with W floribunda agglutinin of cells, surface radioiodinated demonstrated that plasma membrane proteins were localized within both the buoyant and dense lysosome populations in as little as 10 min after exposure to lectin. Prolonged incubation of the cells with W floribunda agglutinin resulted in maintenance of this distribution. However, when nonradiactive cells were exposed to 125I-labeled W floribunda agglutinin for 10 min, radioactivity was detected only in the buoyant population of lysosomes as well as the plasma membrane/golgi fraction. Treatment of cells with W floribunda agglutinin for 30 min resulted in appearance of lectin associated radioactivity in the dense lysosome fraction in addition to those populations containing radioactivity seen after a 10-min incubation. These data indicate that the endocytosis of W floribunda agglutinin differed substantially from the internalization of a portion of the plasma membrane proteins. Furthermore, we found radioactivity associated with both plasma membrane proteins W floribunda agglutinin in regions of the density gradient fractionation that virtually lacked golgi and lysosome markers. These fractions may have represented populations of nonlysosome vesicles formed during the process of endocytosis.
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    Rejoining of DNA double-strand breaks in human fibroblasts and its impairment in one ataxia telangiectasia and two fanconi strains (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA repair ; double-strand breaks ; γ-ray irradiation ; Ataxia telangiectasia ; Fanconi's anemia ; neutral filler elution ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Using the technique of neutral elution through polycarbonate filters as a measure of DNA length, and hence of the number of double-strand breaks incurred as a result of radiation damage, we found that normal human fibroblasts rejoin 50% of all breaks within only 3 min (37°C). This fast rejoining was impaired in fibroblasts from one patient with Ataxia telangiectasia and in fibroblasts from two patients with Fanconi's anemia. Also the number of residual breaks after several hours of repair was higher than in control cells. Other cases with the same diseases were normal in their rejoining of double-strand breaks.
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    Immunoglobulin idiotypes and their expression, abstracts 001-269 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 1-98 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170502
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    Differentiation and function of hematopoiteic cell surfaces, abstracts 270-401 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 99-146 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170503
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150201
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    Phosphoproteins in dictyostelium discoideum (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 369-385 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: membrane phosphoproteins ; cAMP in development ; Dictyostelium discoideum ; phospho proteins ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The phosphoproteins of Dictyostelium discoideum were compared at different stages of development by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Certain phosphoproteins of vegetative amoebae were conserved while others appeared and disappeared during development. Four major phosphoproteins with apparent subunit molecular weights of 50,000, 47,000, 38,000, and 34,000 disappeared precociously in response to exogenous cAMP. Two membranal phosphoproteins, with apparent subunit molecular weights of 80,000 and 81,000, appeared precociously in response to added cAMP. One of these phosphoproteins, molecular weight of 80,000, has been identified tentatively as the “contact site A” glycoprotein. Another membranal protein, with apparent subunit molecular weight of 42,000, unaffected in its appearance by cAMP, has been identified tentatively as phosphoactin.
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    Stimulation of DNA polymerase α by a nuclear DNA/protein complex (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: DNA polymerasc α ; nuclear DNA/protein complex ; SV40 T-antigen ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: A nuclear DNA complex containing DNA polymerase and SV40 T-antigen was isolated from nuclei of SV40-transformed mouse fibroblasts. DNA polymerase could be separated from the complex. The remaining DNA/T-antigen-containing complex stimulated DNA polymerase a activity about 10-fold. The complex contained 4 major proteins with molecular weights of 46, 54, 76, and 94 kilodalton (KD). The stimulation activity was retained by protein A-Sepharose loaded with specific IgG from SV40-tumor bearer serum, or from antisera against the 94 KD and 76 KD components and was partially inhibited in the presence of these antisera. The stimulation activity was completely abolished by treatment of the complex with trypsin or DNase I.
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    Bacterial attachment as related to cellular recognition in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 29-41 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Rhizobium ; legume ; nitrogen-fixing symbiosis ; specificity ; lectins ; polysaccharides ; attachment ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Bacterial attachment is viewed as a cellular recognition event during the infection of legumes by the nitrogen-fixing symbiont, Rhizobium. Studies on the biochemical basis of selective attachment are reviewed, and suggest that this recognition process is accomplished by specific glycoprotein lectin-polysaccharide interactions on the surfaces of the symbionts. An understanding of host specificity may lead to ways to broaden the host range of nitrogen-fixing symbioses.
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    Photoaffinity labeling of the insulin receptor in H4 hepatoma cells: Lack of cellular receptor processing (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: insulin receptors ; photoaffinity labeling ; electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Photoaffinity labeling techniques were used to identify insulin-binding components of the plasma membrane in insulin-responsive, monolayer-cultured hepatoma cells. The activated, photosensitive reagent, an n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of 4-azidobenzoic acid, was coupled with highly purifed insulin, and the hormone derivative was subsequently iodinated, bound to cell surface receptors of intact H4 cells, and photoactivatcd. After dissolution of the cells, labeled proteins were analyzed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The main labeled band exhibited an apparent molecular weight of 130,000. Two minor components of apparent mol wt 95,000 and 40,000 were also identified. Specific labeling of all 3 bands was inhibited by simultaneous incubation of the cells with native insulin, but not by the heterologous hormone, glucagon, prior to photoactivation. Binding of azidobenzoyl-insulin to H4 cells was time-dependent, as was the correlated labeling of receptor components. Band-labeling by the photosensitive insulin derivative was totally light-dependent; spontaneous covalent linking of insulin and receptor was not observed. The labeled receptor-related proteins were not degraded by the cells under our experimental conditions.
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    In vitro characteristics of metastatic variant subclones of restricted genetic origin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 139-151 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: metastatic variants ; in vitro correlates ; rat ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied several metastatic variant cell lines derived from a common clonal origin and their transformed and untransformed parental cell lines. A number of in vitro characteristics were examined for each tumor line and these properties were correlated with the ability of the tumor cells to form pulmonary nodules in an experimental metastasis assay.Direct correlations with metastatic behavior in the lung colony assay were found to exist with the amount of cell-bound Concanavalin A and the procoagulant activities of cell lysates. In vitro parameters that did not correlate with the metastatic phenotype were: population doubling times in culture, saturation density achieved in culture, the number of colony-forming cells shed from confluent cultures, rates of cellular attachment to homotypic or heterotypic cell monolayers, plasminogen-activator production and procoagulant activity produced in serum-free conditioned medium.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150301
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    Spin label studies of erythrocytes with abnormal lipid composition: comparison of red cells in a hereditary hemolytic syndrome and lecithin: Cholesterol acyltransferase deficiency (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: erythrocyte membranes ; electron spin resonance ; LCAT deficiency ; phosphatidylcholine elevation ; cholesterol ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Erythrocytes from patients with familial lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency have been shown to exhibit an increase in membrane fluidity which is surprisingly small in view of the extensive alterations both in membrane lipicl composition (namely, an elevation in cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine contents as well as a decrease in phosphatidylethanolamine) and in the functional properties of these cells. In the hope of deriving some information concerning the interrelationship between the structural and functional abnormalities, we have used the spin probe 5-doxyl stearic acid to investigate the temperature-dependent fluidity properties of red cells from two patients with a hereditary hemolytic syndrome (HHS) whose red cells are also characterized by qualitatively similar alterations in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine but, unlike those in LCAT deficiency, have relatively normal levels of membrane cholesterol. A small increase in membrane fluidity of HHS erythrocytes equivalent to that previously observed in LCAT deficiency was found, indicating that membrane cholesterol level does not exert an important modulatory influence on membrane fluidity in these cells. It is concluded that while the distinct patterns of structural and functional erythrocyte alterations in these two disorders cannot be explained on the basis of differences in bulk membrane fluidity, the marginally increased fluidity may underlie the abnormalities in osmotic fragility and membrane p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity which are shared in common by both types of modified red cells.
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    Protease-insensitive sea urchin embryo cell adhesions become protease sensitive in the presence of azide or cytochalasin B (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 327-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sea urchin ; cell adhesions ; cell-cell adhesions ; protease effects ; glycopeptidcs ; cell surface protein ; azide ; cytochalasin B ; protease release ; endogenous inhibitor ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: To understand the nature of the cell adhesions that must be modified during sea urchin embryo primary mesenchyme formation, we are studying the adhesive components of the hatched blastula stage embryo of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. Pronase treatment conditions have been defined that leave the cells intact and able to recover from the effects of the protease upon its removal. Under these conditions, adhesion of the cells to tissue culture plates is totally eliminated, but cell-cell adhesion formation is only partially inhibited. Analysis of iodinated cell surface proteins indicates that most are affected by thepronase. Further studies of pronase effects found that sodium azide-treated cells are slightly adhesive and that pronase treatment of azidc-treated cells totally eliminates cell-cell adhesions.
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    Sulfated glycoproteins and extracellular matrix of cultured human pulmonary endothelial cells (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 359-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sulfated glycoconjugates ; endothelial cell ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Endothelial cells derived from human pulmonary arteries incorporate (3H)-glucosamine and 35SO4 into glycosaminoglycans and into the carbohydrate side chains of glycoproteins. These 3H/35S-carbohydrate chains were isolated from cells and culture medium after Pronase digestion. The 3H/35S-glycosaminoglycans were separated from the 3H/35S glycopeptides by chromatography on Sephadex G-50. The distribution of cellular glycosaminoglycans and glycopeptides indicated that 30-60% of the cellular 35S-glycopeptides may be associated with the matrix components that are synthesized by the cell and attached to a plastic substratum. Human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells were grown on collagen or on a matrix derived from vascular smooth muscle cells in order to investigate how smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix components may regulate the synthesis of endothelial cell glycoconjugates. Endothelial cells grown on plastic release various proportions of the glycoconjugates they synthesize into the culture medium. However, these same cells, when grown on substratum composed of extracellular matrix materials, synthesized altered proportions of cell-associated glycosaminoglycans and reduced the levels of total glycosaminoglycans they released into the culture medium. Thus the growth of endothelial cells on a matrix of smooth muscle cell components indicates that the glycosaminoglycan materials released into the culture medium by cells grown on a plastic substratum may not be an accurate reflection of the levels or composition of extracellular matrix materials made by endothelial cells in vivo.
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    Repair of bleomycin-damaged DNA by human fibroblasts (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 303-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: bleomycin ; DNA repair ; human DNA repair defects ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability of human fibroblasts to repair bleomycin-damaged DNA was examined in vivo. Repair of the specific lesions caused by bleomycin (BLM) was investigated in normal cell strains as well as those isolated from patients with apparent DNA repair defects. The diseases ataxia telangiectasia (AT), Bloom syndrome (BS), Cockayne syndrome (CS), Fanconi anemia (FA), and xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) were those selected for study. The method used for studying the repair of DNA after BLM exposure was alkaline sucrose gradient centrifugation. After exposure to BLM, a fall in the molecular weight of DNA was observed, and after drug removal the DNA reformed rapidly to high molecular weight. The fall in molecular weight upon exposure to BLM was observed in all cells examined with the exception of some XP strains. Prelabeled cells from some XP complementation groups were found to have a higher percentage of low molecular weight DNA on alkaline gradients than did normal cells. This prelabeled low molecular weight DNA disappeared upon exposure to BLM.
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    Flagellar adhesion and deadhesion in chlamydomonas gametes: Effects of tunicamycin and observations on flagellar tip morphology (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chlamydomonas ; flagellar adhesion and deadhesion ; tunicamycin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The aggregation-dependent loss of flagellar adhesiveness in Chlamydomonas reinhardi has been correlated with changes in flagellar tip morphology during adhesion and deadhesion. As aggregating mt- and impotent (able to adhere, but not fuse) mt+ gametes begin to disaggregate in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide, there is a concomitant change in flagellar tip morphology from the activated bulbous form to the nonactivated tapered shape. The requirement of protein-synthetic activity for the maintenance of flagellar adhesiveness during aggregation may be due in part to turnover of proteins involved in formation or stabilization of activated flagellar tips.Incubation of aggregating gametes with tunicamycin indicates that, like protein synthesis inhibitors, this inhibitor of glycosylation also causes adhering gametes to deadhere. The results suggest that protein glycosylation may be essential for maintenance of adhesiveness during aggregation.
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    Modulation of one of three murine bone marrow stromal cell lines to adipose cells by serum and insulin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 377-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: bone marrow preadipocyte ; bone marrow stroma ; cell lines ; insulin ; insulin-induced marrow stroma ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Adipose cells have been recognized as an integral component of the bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment in vivo and as an essential cell type required for in vitro maintenance of stem cells. Four stromal cell lines obtained from the adherent cell population of murine bone marrow cultures have been enriched and purified by multiple trypsinizations. We noted that these cell lines exhibited an accumulation of vacuoles of lipid, the extent of which varied be-tween cell lines in response to a change from medium containing 10% fetal calf serum to medium containing 20% horse serum. The lipid was lost when the cell lines were transferred back into the medium supplemented with fetal calf serum. In light of the reported lipogenic and antilipolytic effects of insulin on fibroblasts and adipocytes, we investigated the ability of insulin to induce adipocyte transformation of these bone marrow stromal cell populations. Three cell lines were exposed to bovine insulin at concentrations ranging from 10-9 to 10-6 M. All three cell lines responded to the insulin by accumulating lipid, but the extent of accumulation and the insulin concentration at which maximum lipid content was attained were population specific. One cell line (MC1) responded fully at physiological levels of insulin (10-9 M), whereas the other two showed lipid accumulation only at pharmacological concentrations. The initial growth of MC1 was inhibited in the presence of 10-9 M insulin which is compatible with the observed differentiation to adipocytes. The growth of MC3 was unaltered in the presence of physiological concentrations of insulin, whereas that of MC4 was accelerated. Grafts of organ cultures of the cell lines under the kidney capsule of syngeneic mice developed specific characteristics rep-resentative of the different cell lines. In particular, the majority of the grafts of MC1 consisted primarily of fat cells which were not observed in the grafts of MC3 and MC4. These data strongly suggest that these cell lines comprise cells with different potentialities and that the MC1 line represents a preadipocyte stromal cell of bone marrow.
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    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170101
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    Macrophages and methylthio groups in lymphocyte proliferation (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 11-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: sulfhydryl compounds ; Methylthio groups ; macrophages ; serum growth factors ; methylthioadenosine ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages are shown to replace methylthio disulfides in supporting in vitro proliferation of three cell lines previously characterized as methylthio-dependent. Macrophages have the capacity to generate methylthio groups from methylthioadenosine. It is hypothesized that macrophages stimulate cell proliferation both in normal immune systems and in certain cancers by providing an abundance of methylthio groups. Fetal calf serum is shown to contain methylthio groups. It appears that, in cell cultures containing fetal calf serum, sulfhydryl compounds stimulate cell proliferation by making the methylthio groups in the serum available to the cells.
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    Current concepts and controversies in chemical carcinogenesis (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 99-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170202
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    Quantitation of changes in cell surface determinants during skeletal muscle cell differentiation using monospecific antibody (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 147-152 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: skeletal muscle ; cell surface ; monospecific antibody ; myogenesis ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The differentiation of skeletal muscle is characterized by recognition, alignment, and subsequent fusion of myoblast cells at their surfaces to form large, multinucleated myotubes. Monoclonal antibodies were used to investigate anti-genie changes in the cell surface membrane specific for various stages of myogenesis. Chick embryonic skeletal muscle cells were cultured in vitro to the desired stage of differentiation and then injected into BALB/c mice. Spleen cells from the immunized mice were hybridized with NS-1 or P3 8653 mouse myeloma cells. Hybrid cell clones were selected in HAT medium and screened using an indirect radioimmunoassay for the production of monoclonal antibodies specific to myogenic cell surfaces. Target cells for the radioimmunoassay included three stages of myogenesis (myoblasts, midfusion myoblasts, and myotubes) and chick lung cells as a control for polymorphic antigens. Sixty-one clones were obtained which produced antibodies specific for myogenic cells. Thirty-five of these clones were generated from mice immunized with midfusion myoblast stages of myogenesis and 26 were obtained from mice immunized with the later myotube stage of myogenesis. Quantitative measurements by RIA of myogenic determinants per cell surface area on each target cell type revealed that most of the determinants decrease during myogenesis when midfusion myoblasts are used as the immunogen. When myotube stages are used as the immunogen, more determinants increase with cell differentiation. Therefore, the most common pattern of determinant change is for them to be present at all stages of myogenesis but to vary quantitively through development. There are determinants unique to each stage of myogenesis and marked quantitative differences within a cell stage for each determinant.
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    Involvement of fibronectin, Von Willebrand factor, and fibrinogen in platelet interaction with solid substrata (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 299-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: platelet ; fibronectin ; Von Willebrand factor ; fibrinogen ; cell adhesion ; ELISA ; extracellular matrix ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The proteins fibronectin (FN), Von Willebrand factor (VWF), and fibrinogen are believed to play a role in platelet function. They arc distributed between the plasma and the platelet pool in the resting state and undergo redistribution upon platelet activation. We have studied their expression on the surface of the platelet and their mobilization following platelet binding to substrata. For the purpose of studying protein expression on the surface of intact platelets either adherent to a substratum or in suspension, the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was elaborated and modified. Using this technique as well as immunofluorescence, we found that antiserum raised against carefully washed human platelets recognized FN, VWF, and fibrinogen as well as platelet surfaces. However, specific antisera against these three proteins failed to bind to the surface of unactivated gel-filtered platelets. When gel-filtered platelets were exposed to plastic or fibrillar collagen, they adhered and spread. Such platelets did bind antibodies against FN, VWF, and fibrinogen, Moreover, when the adherent platelets were incubated with FN or with VWF in the absence of ristocetin, they bound these proteins in a concentration-dependent fashion. The patterns of the bound proteins were not similar, suggesting a different spatial distribution of binding sites. These findings indicate that platelet activation by adhesion to substrata mobilize both endogenous and exogenous pools of these proteins, thereby making them surface associated and probable participants in further binding properties of the activated platelet.
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    Cell interactions in the bone marrow microenvironment: Role of endogenous colony-stimulating activity (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 347-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: myeloid progenitor cells ; bone marrow ; stroma ; manosaccharides ; colony-stimulating factor ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Adherent stromal cells from mouse bone marrow inhibited the formation of granulocyte/monocyte (G/M) colonies induced in vitro by colony-stimulating factor (CSF), This inhibition occurred both when crude conditioned media obtained from various sources were used to induce colony formation or when a pure CSF preparation from mouse lung origin was tested. The inhibition did not appear to be toxic in nature since despite the lack of colony formation, progenitor CFU-C proliferated in the presence of stromal cells. Medium conditioned by adherent stromal cells was devoid of inhibitory activity when incorporated into the culture medium used for G/M colony formation, indicating that the inhibitory activity may not be present in a soluble form. Inhibitors of prostaglandins did not affect G/M colony formation. In contrast, D-glucose and a number of other free monosaccharides but not pyruvate lactate or glycerol induced formation fo myeloid colonies in the presence of stromal cells. This did not require addition of exogenous CSF. Released factors concentrated from serum-free medium conditioned by stromal cells exhibited colony-stimulating activity provided that the medium contained a high glucose concentration during incubation. It is proposed that stromal cells produce a resident CSF that, in contrast to exogenous CSF species, is capable of inducing myelopoiesis within the bone marrow stroma.
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    Developmental regulation of glycoprotein biosynthesis in dictyostelium (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 359-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: developmental regulation of glycoprotein ; glycoprotein biosynthesis ; during life-cycle D discoideum ; in D discoideum ; assembly of glycoproteins during development ; regulation of glycoproteins during development ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We have examined the glycoprotein-linked oligosaccharides assembled during the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, and found their expression to be dramatically dependent upon the stage of development. During early development mature glycans have a high mannose character, and a substantial proportion acquire a fucose residue that correlates with endo-H resistance. One-third of the glycans also acquire sulfate residues. These glycans diminish in importance during aggregation.The mature glycans expressed during late development contain fewer mannose residues, from five to ten mannose residues, and are characterized by the absence of sulfate residues and by the presence of fucose residues on endo-H-sensitive glycans. These glycans make their appearance coincident with the construction of tips on tight cell mounds. At this stage glycans characteristic of both early and late stages occur simultaneously.Developmental regulation of the wide array of protein-linked glycans expressed during the life cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum may be as simple as the controlled transition from a group of structures that are assembled by the vegetative cells to a group of structures that are assembled by the terminally differentiating cells. The potential biological significance of this transition is discussed.
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    Cellular recognition, abstracts 655-875 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 239-318 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170505
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    Developmental biology using purified genes, abstracts 1024-1216 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 379-448 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170508
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    Structure and DNA-protein interactions of replication origins, abstracts 876-964 (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 17 (1981), S. 319-351 
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    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.380170506
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    Tannic acid-glutaraldehyde fixation reveals calcium ionophore-induced changes in rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte membranes (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 155-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: polymorphonuclear leukocyte ; rabbit ; tannic acid-glutaraldehyde ; ionophore ; A23187 ; degranulation ; membrane fine structure ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: TAG fixation of normal and Ca2+ ionophore-treated rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) has revealed membrane components not apparent with conventional glutaraldehyde fixation. These included a 30 Å external electron-dense coating on untreated cells. A somewhat thicker coat (40 Å) was observed in ionophore-treated, nondegranulating PMN. In ionophore-treated, degranulating PMN, a 65 Å cell membrane coat was observed. A similar coat was observed on the inner side of the membrane of some azurophil-type granules, but the electron density and thickness were not so pronounced. Cytoplasmic granules were often closely apposed and often protruded outward at the plasma membrane. Extracellular lamellae, sometimes stacked apposed to the plasma membrane, possibly represent remnants of intense granule extrusion. Sequential degranulation of the respective granules was not apparent.
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  • 96
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    Electronic Resource
    Cleavage of cell surface proteins by thrombin (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 49-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: labeling of cell surface proteins ; two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; fibronectin ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was based on our previous findings that the mitogenic action of thrombin on cultured fibroblasts can result from interaction of thrombin with the cell surface in the absence of internalization, and that the proteolytic activity of thrombin is required for stimulation of cell division. This prompted us to look for thrombin-mediated cleavages using 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis of labeled cell surface proteins. Surface membrane components were labeled by 3 procedures: (1) proteins were labeled by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination using 125I-; (2) galactose and galactosamine residues of glycoproteins were oxidized with galactose oxidase and reduced with 3H-NaBH4; and (3) glycoproteins were metabolically labeled by incubating cells with 3H-fucose. Labeling with the first 2 procedures was carried out after thrombin treatment; in contrast, cells metabolically labeled with 3H-fucose were subsequently treated with thrombin to look for proteolytic cleavages. Collectively, these studies indicated that only about 5 cell surface proteins were thrombin-sensitive, consistent with the high specificity of this protease. Each of the labeling procedures revealed a thrombin-sensitive cell surface glycoprotein which was identified as fibronectin by immunoprecipitation experiments. In addition, cell surface proteins of about 140K and 55K daltons were thrombin-sensitive. However, cell surface proteins of about 45K daltons and 130K to 1 50K daltons were increased after thrombin treatment. These experiments were conducted on an established line of Chinese hamster lung cells with the eventual goal of studying thrombin-mediated cleavages of cell surface proteins in a large number of cloned populations derived from this line that are either responsive or unresponsive to the mitogenic action of thrombin. This approach should permit identification of proteolytic cleavages that are necessary for thrombin-stimulated cell division.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150106
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The hatching enzyme from xenopus laevis: Limited proteolysis of the fertilization envelope (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 111-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: hatching enzyme ; proteases ; limited proteolysis ; Xenopus ; envelopes ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Hatching in the amphibian Xenopus laevis involves release of an embryo-secreted hatching enzyme, a protease, which weakens the envelope surrounding the embryo. The envelope is not totally solubilized, which infers that only selected envelope components are hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The susceptibility of the glycoprotein components composing the envelope to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme was investigated. Isolated envelopes in various physical states, ie, particulate and solubilized, were treated with the hatching enzyme, and the resulting envelope hydrolysis products were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The susceptibility of the envelope components to proteolysis was not a function of the state of the envelope. The envelope components most susceptible to proteolysis were the 125K and 11 8K components followed by the 60K and 71 - 77K components. These components are minor constituents of the envelope. The major constituents, 33K and 40K, were relatively resistant to hydrolysis by the hatching enzyme. From these observations, we infer that the envelope components hydrolyzed are components that link or bind together the major structural elements of the envelope, eg, the 33K and 40K components. Selective destruction of the components required for maintaining the structural integrity of the envelope, eg, the “nuts and bolts” of the structure, permits a weakening of the envelope that allows the embryo to hatch without having to destroy totally (hydrolyze) the envelope.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150202
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heparin-inhibitable lectins: Marked similarities in chicken and rat (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 15 (1981), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: lectins (vertebrate) ; heparin ; Glycosaminoglycans ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Extracts of young rat lung contain a heparin-inhibitable lectin that closely resembles one recently purified from chicken liver. Both lectins interact with heparin and N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, and were purified by gel filtration on Sepharose CL-2B followed by affinity chromatography on heparin-Sepharose. They both behave as high molecular weight aggregates that can be dissociated into two peptides with apparent molecular weights of 13,000 and 16,000 by gel electrophoresis in SDS. Samples of purified lectin contained up to 20% DNA by weight, and the degree of lectin aggregation and hemagglutination activity was greatly reduced by treatment with micrococcal nuclease without inhibiting heparin-binding activity. Association of lectin with DNA is an artifact of homogenization in high salt, since only 2% of the lectin is found associated with a purified nuclear fraction.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380150409
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of tumorigenicity in cybrids (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981), S. 75-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: cytoplasmic hybrids ; suppression of tumorigenicity ; Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: We investigated cytoplasmic control of tumorigenicity in cybrids. Cytoplasts derived from nontumorigenic cells were fused to the highly tumorigenic 984 Cl 10-15 cell line derived from a murine teratoma. The resultant cybrids did not retain the tumorigenicity of the original cell line. In addition, the majority demonstrated the ability to differentiate into skeletal muscle. The results of these experiments indicate a heritable suppression of the tumorigenic phenotype by nontumorigenic cytoplasm. These findings are in contrast to our previous experiments in which we used a different experimental system and demonstrated a nuclear control of tumorigenicity in cybrids.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160107
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure and Cellular Biochemistry 16 (1981) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0275-3723
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsscb.1981.380160201
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