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  • Other Sources  (23,339)
  • ASTROPHYSICS  (16,581)
  • Meteorology and Climatology  (6,758)
  • 1
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    Estimation of the Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Cycle Using Simulated Observations from the NASA TROPICS Earth Venture Mission (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN76613 , American Meteorological Society (AMS) Annual Meeting; Jan 12, 2020 - Jan 16, 2020; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 2
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    River Flood Prediction Using a Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN76760 , AMS Annual Meeting; Jan 12, 2020 - Jan 16, 2020; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 3
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    Investigating Meteorological Conditions Associated with Valley Fever Outbreaks in Southwestern United States (2019)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: According to CDC, a sharp increase in reported Valley fever cases (Coccidioidomycosis) has been found between 2009 and 2012. Environmental conditions play an important role for Valley fever outbreaks. For example, dust storms can significantly increase the amount of the fungus Coccidioides in the air and associated strong winds can transport the fungus to other areas. In last years AGU session, we reported a preliminary study to investigate hydrometeorological conditions and their connection with dust storm activities in southwestern United States. We found wind is a major contributing factor for the seasonal variation of dust storm activities. Interannual variation of the regional hydrometeorological conditions are closely linked to the large-scale environment such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Strong winds are linked with a number of weather events such cold front passages, thunderstorms that produce downbursts and strong winds, the Santa Ana winds, etc. In this presentation, we will report the results of our latest investigation on meteorological conditions associated with Valley fever outbreaks in southwestern United States, using NLDAS (North American Land Data Assimilation System), GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement), and MERRA-2 (Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2) hourly datasets, from the NASA Goddard Earth Sciences (GES) Data and Information Services Center (DISC).
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GH44A-08 , GSFC-E-DAA-TN76501 , American Geophysical Union (AGU) Fall Meeting 2019; Dec 09, 2019 - Dec 13, 2019; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    What Caused the Record Floods of March 2019 Across the Middle East? (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-24
    Description: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are responsible for some of the hydroclimatic extremes around the world. Their mechanisms and contribution to flooding in the Middle East are relatively poorly understood. This study shows that the record floods during March 2019 across the Middle East were caused by a powerful AR, originated from the North Atlantic Ocean. Iran, in particular, was substantially affected by the floods. The nearly 9000 km long AR propagated across North Africa and the Middle-East, and was fed by additional moisture from several other sources on its pathway. Simultaneous presence of a mid-latitude system and a subtropical jet facilitated the moisture supply. The AR, as passing over the Zagros Mountains, produced record rainfall induced by the orographic forcing.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76114
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  • 5
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    Large-Scale Influences on Atmospheric River Induced Extreme Precipitation Events Along the Coast of Washington State (2020)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-23
    Description: Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) are responsible for much of the precipitation along the west coast of the United States. In order to accurately predict AR events in numerical weather prediction, subseasonal and seasonal timescales, it is important to understand the large-scale meteorological influence on extreme AR events.Here, characteristics of ARs that result in an extreme precipitation event are compared to typical ARs on the coast of WashingtonState. In addition to more intense water vapor transport, notable differences in the synoptic forcing are present during extreme precipitation events that are not present during typical AR events.In particular, a negatively tilted low pressure system is positioned to the west in the Gulf of Alaska, alongside an upper level jet streak. Subseasonal and seasonal teleconnection patterns are known to influence the weather in the Pacific Northwest. The Madden JulianOscillation (MJO) is shown to be particularly important in determining the strength of precipitation associated with in AR ont he Washington coast.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76948
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  • 6
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    Global Assimilation of Loon Stratospheric Balloon Observations and Their Trajectories Relative to Tropical Waves (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-17
    Description: Project Loon has an overall goal of providing worldwide internet coverage using a network of long-duration super-pressure balloons. Beginning in 2013, Loon has launched over 1600 balloons from multiple tropical and middle latitude locations. These GPS tracked balloon trajectories provide lower stratospheric wind information over the oceans and remote land areas where traditional radiosonde soundings are sparse, thus providing unique coverage of lower stratospheric winds. To fully investigate these Loon winds we: 1) compare the Loon winds to winds produced by a global data assimilation system (DAS: NASA GEOS) and 2) assimilate the Loon winds into the same comprehensive DAS. During May through December 2016 Loon balloons were often able to remain near the equator by selectively adjusting the Loon altitude. Our results based on global wind analyses show that the expected mean poleward motion from the Brewer-Dobson circulation can be circumvented by vertically adjusting the Loon altitudes with the phasing with the meridional wind of equatorial Rossby waves, allowing the Loon balloons to remain in the tropics.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76448 , AGU Fall Meeting; Dec 09, 2019 - Dec 13, 2019; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 7
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    Increasing Impacts of Extreme Droughts on Vegetation Productivity Under Climate Change (2019)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-16
    Description: Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the basis of vegetation growth and food production globally and plays a critical role in regulating atmospheric CO2 through its impact on ecosystem carbon balance. Even though higher CO2 concentrations in future decades can increase GPP, low soil water availability, heat stress and disturbances associated with droughts could reduce the benefits of such CO2 fertilization. Here we analysed outputs of 13 Earth system models to show an increasingly stronger impact on GPP by extreme droughts than by mild and moderate droughts over the twenty-first century. Due to a dramatic increase in the frequency of extreme droughts, the magnitude of globally averaged reductions in GPP associated with extreme droughts was projected to be nearly tripled by the last quarter of this century (2075-2099) relative to that of the historical period (1850-1999) under both high and intermediate GHG emission scenarios. By contrast, the magnitude of GPP reductions associated with mild and moderate droughts was not projected to increase substantially. Our analysis indicates a high risk of extreme droughts to the global carbon cycle with atmospheric warming; however, this risk can be potentially mitigated by positive anomalies of GPP associated with favourable environmental conditions.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN76047 , Nature Climate Change (ISSN 1758-678X); 9; 948-953
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  • 8
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    Tendency Bias Correction in Coupled and Uncoupled Global Climate Models with a Focus on Impacts over North America (2019)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-15
    Description: We revisit the bias correction problem in current climate models, taking advantage of state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis data and new data assimilation tools that simplify the estimation of short-term (6 hourly) atmospheric tendency errors. The focus is on the extent to which correcting biases in atmospheric tendencies improves the models climatology, variability, and ultimately forecast skill at subseasonal and seasonal time scales. Results are presented for the NASA GMAO GEOS model in both uncoupled (atmosphere only) and coupled (atmosphereocean) modes. For the uncoupled model, the focus is on correcting a stunted North Pacific jet and a dry bias over the central United States during boreal summerlong-standing errors that are indeed common to many current AGCMs. The results show that the tendency bias correction (TBC) eliminates the jet bias and substantially increases the precipitation over the Great Plains. These changes are accompanied by much improved (increased) storm-track activity throughout the northern midlatitudes. For the coupled model, the atmospheric TBCs produce substantial improvements in the simulated mean climate and its variability, including a much reduced SST warm bias, more realistic ENSO-related SST variability and teleconnections, and much improved subtropical jets and related submonthly transient wave activity. Despite these improvements, the improvement in subseasonal and seasonal forecast skill over North America is only modest at best. The reasons for this, which are presumably relevant to any forecast system, involve the competing influences of predictability loss with time and the time it takes for climate drift to first have a significant impact on forecast skill.
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN64773 , Journal of Climate (ISSN 0894-8755) (e-ISSN 1520-0442); 32; 2; 639-661
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  • 9
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    Sounding Science at JPL (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: JPL-CL-16-4439 , NASA Sounder Science Team; Sep 13, 2016 - Sep 16, 2016; Greenbelt, MD; United States
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  • 10
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    Recent Progress and Future Directions in Atmospheric Science Enabled by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-14
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Meteorology and Climatology
    Type: JPL-CL-16-4440 , 2016 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference; Sep 26, 2016 - Sep 30, 2016; Darmstadt; Germany
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