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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (623)
  • 1990-1994  (623)
  • 1990  (623)
  • 1
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    Evolution of tropical circulation anomalies associated with 30-60 day oscillation of globally averaged angular momentum during northern summer (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Lag correlation statistics was used to study intraseasonal variations of upper and lower-level zonal winds, outgoing longwave radiation, and globally averaged angular momentum (GAM) for northern summers of 1977-1984. The temporal and spatial distribution of surface wind stress in the tropics and its relationship with zonal wind anomalies were studied to assess the impact of surface frictional drag on the atmospheric angular momentum. The 30-60 day GAM fluctuation is shown to be accompanied by zonal propagation of convection and 850 mb zonal wind anomalies in the tropical belt. The climatological zonal wind in the tropics affects the magnitude of wind stress anomalies. It is suggested that momentum exchange between the lower and upper troposphere may occur in regions of active convection via vertical momentum transport. The tropical central Pacific is considered to play a key role in linking the atmosphere and the earth through angular momentum exchange on intraseasonal time scales.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Meteorological Society of Japan, Journal (ISSN 0026-1165); 68; 237-249
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) project. III - Japan-U.S. collaborative rain observation experiment using an airborne rain radar (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A collaborative rain-observation experiment using an airborne rain radar was conducted between Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) and Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC)/NASA. CRL provided an airborne rain-radar/radiometer system and GSFC/NASA provided a NASA P3-A aircraft. Airborne or spaceborne rain-radar echoes have large sea or land-surface echoes. These surface echoes yield rain-estimation algorithms using rain attenuation. The experiment demonstrated the potential of the rain-estimation techniques using rain attenuation.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Communications Research Laboratory, Review (ISSN 0914-9279); 36; 11, J; 35-44
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) project. V - Scientific background and goals of TRMM (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The scientific goals of TRMM are described. TRMM provides quantitative measurements of tropical rain which can improve the understanding of the global climate. TRMM can also help to improve techniques for measuring rainfall from space.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Communications Research Laboratory, Review (ISSN 0914-9279); 36; 11, J; 57-70
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Remote sensing of surface turbulence heat flux (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The determination of latent heat-flux variability using spaceborne sensors is discussed. Particular attention is given to the microwave sensors which have all weather capability. The retrieval of surface layer humidity, of wind speed and interfacial humidity, and of sensible heat flux are discussed. Both the indirect retrieval and direct retrieval of latent heat flux are considered.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Evolution of tropical plumes in VAS water vapor imagery (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Synoptic scale tropical plumes are analyzed using satellite data and outgoing longwave radiation data. The evolution of plumes is described and their precursor signals are examined. The horizontal moisture patterns of the plumes are compared with nonplume climatology, and the predictability of plumes based solely on satellite imagery is assessed. The results show that a plume evolves as a stationary, tropical, dry or moist dipole, separated by an exceptionally strong cloud or moisture gradient. Tropical plume evolution is accompanied by a systematic drying of the tropical eastern Pacific atmosphere before development, and moistening and increased cloudiness with development.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 118; 1758-176
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Satellite observations of instability in the middle atmosphere (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Data from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMS) have been used to define zonally averaged basic-state temperature and zonal wind fields in the middle atmosphere for several periods during the winter of 1978-79. This basic state has been used to calculate the phase speeds, growth rates, and spatial structures of unstable modes using a linear, quasigeostrophic model. These results have been compared with temperature and ozone variance amplitudes from a spectral analysis of the same LIMS data. The comparison indicates that there is a close match between phase speeds for the most rapidly growing modes predicted by the model and phase speeds for statistically significant temperature and ozone variances. Both calculated and observed modes tend to be limited in latitudinal extent to a few tens of degrees and in vertical extent to about 10 km. These modes also tend to be nondispersive. Examples are given for the Southern Hemisphere near 0.25 mb (60 km) and for low latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere near 15 mb (30 km).
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 47; 1065-107
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Sun and dust versus greenhouse gases - An assessment of their relative roles in global climate change (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Many mechanisms, including variations in solar radiation and atmospheric aerosol concentrations, compete with anthropogenic greenhouse gases as causes of global climate change. Comparisons of available data show that solar variability will not counteract greenhouse warming and that future observations will need to be made to quantify the role of tropospheric aerosols, for example.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 346; 713-719
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  • 8
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    Transitions from Hadley to Rossby flows in internally forced rotating spherical systems (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The possibility of global-scale transitions between the Hadley and Rossby atmospheric regimes is investiated using a simple three-dimensional rotating spherical model without a boundary layer structure, bottom topography, or cumulus friction, and the expected occurrence of the Hadley to Rossby transition is demonstrated. It is shown that a transition from Hadley flow to wavenumber-5 Rossby flow is preferred, in agreement with standard baroclinic instability results. This result gives a reasonable Rossby wave bifurcation from the Hadley solution. For the cases examined, it was found that the upper symmetric Hadley regime does not exist and that the Hadley to Rossby transition depends on the values of the eddy viscosities.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 47; 1041-105
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  • 9
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    A numerical study of the onset of baroclinic instabilities in spherical geometry (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The onset of instabilities in a fluid contained in a rotating hemispherical shell, driven by thermal gradients imposed upon the hemispherical boundaries and by a spherically symmetric radial body force, is numerically studied. Computations are presented for a range of Taylor and thermal Rossby numbers. The analysis indicates the presence of an instability dependent upon the spherically radial gravity alone when the warmest temperatures are at the pole and an additional centrifugal buoyant instability for weak imposed gravity and fast rotation when the temperature decreases poleward.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Geophysical and Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics (ISSN 0309-1929); 52; 25-43
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    A simple two-system-parameter model for surface-effected warming of the planetary boundary layer (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The transabsorptivity concept which specifies the heat input into the PBL resulting from surface-atmosphere interactions is discussed. This concept is examined in terms of governing equations, and transabsorptivity is defined as the product of the surface absorptivity and the transfer efficiency. It is proposed that the climatic effects of surface changes be formulated in terms of changes in the transabsorptivity. A diagram of the surface-atmosphere interactions is provided.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Boundary-Layer Meteorology (ISSN 0006-8314); 51; 3, Ma; 213-227
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